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SEPAK TAKRAW
History

The earliest historical evidence shows the game was played in the 15th century's Malacca Sultanate, for it is
mentioned in the Malay historical text, "Sejarah Melayu" (Malay Annals).[4] TheMalay Annals described in details the
incident of Raja Muhammad, a son of Sultan Mansur Shah who was accidentally hit with a rattan ball by Tun Besar,
a son of Tun Perak, in a Sepak raga game. The ball hit Raja Muhammad's headgear and knocked it down to the
ground. In anger, Raja Muhammad immediately stabbed and killed Tun Besar, whereupon some of Tun Besar's
kinsmen retaliated and wanted to kill Raja Muhammad. However, Tun Perak managed to restrain them from such an
act of treason by saying that he would no longer accept Raja Muhammad as the Sultan's heir. 5]
In Indonesia, sepak takraw was spread from nearby Malacca across the strait to Riau islands and Riau area in
Sumatra as early as the 16th century, where it is also called as Sepak Raga in local Malay tongue,[6][7] at that time
some of Sumatran areas were part of Malacca sultanate. From there the Malay people spread across archipelago
and introduced the game to Buginese people in Sulawesi. Then the game is developed as Buginese traditional
game which is called "Raga" (the players are called "Pa'Raga"). The "Raga" can trace its origin from Malacca
Sultanate,[8] and was popular in South Sulawesi since the 19th century. Some men playing "Raga" encircling within a
group, the ball is passed from one to another and the man who kicked the ball highest is the winner. "Raga" is also
played for fun by demonstrating some tricks, such as kicking the ball and putting it on top of player's head holds
by tengkolok bugis (Bugis cloth headgear similar to Malay tanjak).

EQUIPMENT
COURT
Area of 13.4 by 6.1 metres (44 ft 20 ft) free from all obstacles up to the height of 8 metres (26 ft) measured from
the floor surface (sand and grass court not advisable). The width of the lines bounding the court should not be more
than 4 centimetres (1.6 in) measured and drawn inwards from the edge of the court measurements. All the boundary
lines should be drawn at least 3.0 metres (9.8 ft) away from all obstacles. The centre line of 2 cm (0.79 in) should be
drawn equally dividing the right and left court.At the corner of each at the center line, the quarter circle shall be
drawn from the sideline to the center line with a radius of 0.9 metres (2 ft 11 in) measured and drawn outwards from
the edge of the 0.9 m radius.The service circle of 0.3 m radius shall be drawn on the left and on the right court, the
center of which is 2.45 m from the back line of the court and 3.05 m from the sidelines, the 0.04 m line shall be
measured and drawn outward from the edge of the 0.3 m radius. [15]

Net
The net shall be made of fine ordinary cord or nylon with 6 cm to 8 cm mesh. Similar to a volleyball net.[14]
The net shall be 0.7 m in width and not shorter than 6.10 m in length and taped at 0.05 m from tape double at the
top and sideline, called boundary tape.

The net shall be edged with 0.05 m tape double at the top and the bottom of the net supported by a fine ordinary
cord or nylon cord that runs through the tape and strain over and flush with the top of the posts. The top of the net
shall be 1.52 m (1.42 m for women) in height from the center and 1.55 m (1.45 m for women's) at the posts. [15]

Takraw Balls.
Takraw Balls were originally woven from rattan. In 1982 a Thai engineer revolutionized the sport
by introducing woven synthetic balls. Today, almost all players around the world use synthetic
takraw balls.
How to Select a Takraw Ball for Players:
Weight: Takraw balls range in weight from 140 grams to 200 grams. Normally younger and
beginner players start with lighter balls and move up in weight. For advanced players the
optimal weight for advanced Sepak Takraw balls is 175 grams. Some people use heavier
balls for additional spring or when playing outdoors in order to minimize the effect of the
wind.
The Weave: The tightness of the weave of takraw balls determine the spring, bounce and
speed. A "soft" ball has less bounce. A "hard" ball will have maximum bounce.
Official Takraw Balls: The official ISTAF Sepak Takraw ball for Tournament play for men is
the: Marathon MT201, and for women is the: Marathon MT201 Jr
Footwear.
In Takraw, the most important piece of equipment, with the exception of ball, is the athletes
footwear. Most players prefer to kick in court shoes. They are popular mainly because of their
support and flat surface at the instep, unlike the flared sole of a running shoe.
Popular makes/models include:
Nanyang
Adidas "Stan Smith"
Converse "All Star"
In general, any lightweight athletic footwear with a flat instep will work efficiently. Players often
must develop a feel for their desired footwear by trial and error.

FUNDAMENTAL SKILLS
Inside Kick.
Arguably it is the most important skill. This is the kick you will use the most. Watch any top class players in
action and you'll see that this is the control kick of choice. This move sets up all the killer spikes. While doing
an inside kick, you should stand in a good athletic stance. Feet shoulder width apart. Remember to bend your
support leg at the knee. And, it is important, always keep an eye on the ball! The kicking motion is easy and

don't swing at the ball too hard. The ball is bouncy and you need to just hit it in the right spot on your foot as
well as with the proper motion. Try a few times of simply tossing the ball to yourself. Focus on the ball and pop
it back up to your hands. Catch the ball and then try again. Do this until the ball is consistently coming back up
with ease and pop it back up to your hands. Once you have gained consistency in this drill you can begin to try
to link some kicks together. Try dropping to your strong foot, popping the ball up and then kicking with your
weak foot before catching the ball. Try to link three kicks together, on alternating feet. You should be able to see
your progression. All rights reserved. Spiker Dek is owned by Sport Action International in the promotion of
sepaktakraw in the Takraw Thailand League. All rights reserved.

Knee/Thigh kick.
The knee and thigh is used when the ball comes fast towards the area between your knees and your waist. This
skill is used to "bump" or deflect the ball up enough to use an inside kick to control the ball. It is also used when
kicking consecutive kicks or in a circle and the ball gets to close to your body. The motion is like a high step
marching motion. Simply raise the leg with your hip allowing your knee to bend.Try to contact the ball on the
thigh where possible instead of the knee as it provides better control. Make sure the ball hits the fleshy part of
the thigh to "bump" the ball up and out a bit. Try a few back up to your hands. Once you feel comfortable, try to
link with one inside kick, then catch the ball. Do this over and over until it comes naturally. Once you get this
combination and doing it naturally without thinking, you will be aware of your improvement in skill.

Header.
The header is probably the second most important skill to have, especially in the net game. The header is used
to pop up a ball that comes higher than the waist. The best way to learn the header is like the inside kick. The
contact point should be just above the forehead at he hairline, not too much on the forehead and not too much
on the top of the head, right in between. Toss the ball to yourself, hit it with your head and then catch it. Do this
several times until you feel comfortable with this skill. When doing the header, remember to bend your knees
and get low beneath the ball. Like the other kicks, you don't need to focus on power but on accuracy and
placement. The next step in this skill drill is to toss the ball higher and again control it with your head before
catching the ball. It hurts a bit at first, but you'll get use to it. The graduating step is to a header from a high
inside kick or from a header to a controlling inside kick. Try both combinations as you will be using both of
them as you begin to play more

Front kick/Toe kick.

The toe kick is a defensive kick, great for saving a ball that has gotten out in front of you. It is not, however, a
good control kick. Those who play soccer may disagree, but in sepaktakraw the inside is the right way. Learn
the toe kick for saves,the inside for control. The toe kick is achieved by placing the foot out for the ball and
depending on the height of the, either lifting the foot with your hip or just letting the ball bounce off. You don't
need much power because the ball tends to fly off uncontrollably. Do it slow and take it easy. Like the other
kicks, do the same toss and catch drill. Then try with different combinations. Do the same progression.
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TERMINOLOGIES

Block: Blocking is a defensive skill used to counter a spike coming from close to the net. A block is
usually made by jumping in the air and raising a leg and/or back to divert the ball back into the
opponent's court. A block counts as one contact.

Centre Line: Divides the length of the playing court into two equal halves.

Dig: The act of fielding hard-hit ball successfully, usually a spike or block, to regain control. Eg: The
dig by Thailand came at a crucial point in the game.

Dink: A soft hit ball, usually either a "dink serve" or a "dink spike".

Fault: A violation of one of the rules of the game.

Feeder: Person who "sets" the ball to the "spiker".

First Ball: Term used to describe receiving the service by the opposing team.

Formations: Order of play is decided by the toss of a coin. The ceremony involves thereferee and the
two team captains. The winning captain chooses either the right to serve first, or the choice of court
("Serve or Side").

ISTAF: The acronym for the International Sepaktakraw Federation

Killer: A common usage to describe the Spiker or a successful spike ball.

Quarter Circle: Place on court where the serving team's forwards (left and right inside players) should
remain during the service until the ball has been kicked by the Server.

Regu: A Malaysian word meaning a team. A team comprises four players (three starters and one
reserve) is known as a Regu, and a squad of three Regus is known as a Team.

Roll Spike: A spike in which the player jumps with his back to the net, rotates in the air and kicks the
ball over the opposite shoulder from the kicking foot with a flip like motion. The most dramatic and
popular move in the game.

Sepaktakraw: The name of the game from the words Sepak, a term used in Malaysia, Singapore and
Indonesia which translates into "kick", and Takraw, a term used in Thailand which means "woven ball".

Service Over: When the serving team fails to return the ball over the net or commits a fault. The
opposing team becomes the serving team but a point is not awarded.

Serving Circle: A circle located in both halves of the court where the Server is required to be positioned
during the service.

Set: A period of play which is concluded when one team reaches 15 points. A match consists of the best
of three sets. The third set is played in a six-point tiebreak.

Set or Setting: A high pass by one player to a teammate or to self to enable a spike on the next move.

Service: The act of putting the ball into play by the Server.

Service Toss: A hand throw of the ball by one of the forwards to the Server.

Spike: A powerfully hit shot directed into the opponent's court using either the foot or head.

Sunback Spike: A spike in which the player jumps with his back to the net and kicks the ball over the
same shoulder as the kicking foot. In soccer this is known as a "bicycle kick".

Takraw Ball: Traditionally, the ball is made by weaving bamboo or rattan into a spherical shape. In
1982, Marathon Intertrade Co., Ltd. revolutionisedthe sport by introducing woven synthetic (plastic)
balls. Today, almost all players around the world are using synthetic takraw balls.

To Begin Play: The game is initiated when one of the forwards tosses the ball to the back player - the
"Server" who must keep one foot inside the the serving circle and the other foot outside. The ball must
be kicked with the foot outside the circle in one attempt over the net.
Note: A ball hitting the net on the serve is "good".

THE
NATURE OF

THE
DIFFERENT
SPORTS
ACTIVITIES
SUBMITTED TO: MRS.MARIA JESSICA MARABI
SUBMITTED BY: LORD MARIAE ECHAVIA