Taylors University

School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

Tutorial 3 Fluid Statics Part 3 (Solution)

Instructions:If otherwise is not mentioned, the specific weight of water is 9810 N/m 3 and standard atmospheric pressure is
101325 Pa.

Part1: Conceptual Questions

1.

No, the absolute pressure in a liquid of constant density does not double when the depth is doubled. It is the
gage pressure that doubles when the depth is doubled.

2.

The resultant hydrostatic force acting on a submerged surface is the resultant of the pressure forces acting on
the surface. The point of application of this resultant force is called the center of pressure.

3.

Yes, because the magnitude of the resultant force acting on a plane surface of a completely submerged body in
a homogeneous fluid is equal to the product of the pressure PC at the centroid of the surface and the area A of
the surface. The pressure at the centroid of the surface is PC = P0 +ghc where hc is the vertical distance of the
centroid from the free surface of the liquid.

4.

We are to explain why dams are bigger at the bottom than at the top. Dams are built much thicker at the
bottom because the pressure force increases with depth, and the bottom part of dams are subjected to largest
forces. Dam construction requires an enormous amount of concrete, so tapering the dam in this way saves a lot
of concrete, and therefore a lot of money.

5.

We are to explain how to determine the horizontal component of hydrostatic force on a curved surface. The
horizontal component of the hydrostatic force acting on a curved surface is equal (in both magnitude and the line
of action) to the hydrostatic force acting on the vertical projection of the curved surface. We could also integrate
pressure along the surface, but the method discussed here is much simpler and yields the same answer.

6.

We are to explain how to determine the vertical component of hydrostatic force on a curved surface. The
vertical component of the hydrostatic force acting on a curved surface is equal to the hydrostatic force acting
on the horizontal projection of the curved surface, plus (minus, if acting in the opposite direction) the weight of
the fluid block. We could also integrate pressure along the surface, but the method discussed here is much
simpler and yields the same answer.

7.

Yes, this is reasonable assumption and it will make no effect on the analysis. This is because the atmospheric
pressure acts equally and perpendicularly but in opposite direction on both sides of wall (inner and outer).
Therefore the pressure will cancel each other.

8.

No, not always valid. There is one case where the center of pressure location is exactly the same as the
centroid location. This is when we have a surface plan located horizontally in the fluid field (tank), for example
the bottom of the tank.

9.

FR = hc A, where FR is the resultant hydrostatic force (N), is the specific weight of the liquid [N/m3), hc is the
vertical distance (depth) of the centroid from the free surface of the liquid [m], and A is the surface plane area in
contact with liquid [m2].

a) It is not valid for all fluids. This equation is originally derived based on assumption of incompressible fluid;
therefore, it is valid for liquids only.
b) (1) F1<F2, (2) F1=F2, (3) F1>F2, (4) F1<F2, (5) F1=F2,
(6) F1<F2, (7) F1<F2, (8) F1?F2, (9) F1>F2, (10) F1<F2.
10. This statement is untrue. An iceberg, which is a big piece of ice floating in open water, will melt to exactly the
same volume of water that has been displaced, since mass remains unchanged in the course of melting.
Therefore, there will be no change in the water level as a result of the melting of an iceberg.

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Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

Taylors University
School of Engineering

Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

Part2: Calculations
11.

The resultant hydrostatic force of the water on the vertical end of the pool is

FR hc A

where hc is the vertical distance from the fluid surface to the centroid of the vertical end,
hc= 1.25 m, A= 2.57 = 17.5 m 2, and (water)=9810 N/m 3
FR = 9810 1.25 17.5 = 214 594 N
The location of the resultant force from the base of the pool is
2.5 -2/32.5= 2.5/3 = 0.83 m.

12.

The force acting on left side of the gate is FL = hc AL

FL = 9810 0.5(1.5 1) = 7358 N
The force acting on right side of the gate is

FR = yc AR
FL = 9810 1.5(1.5 3) = 66218 N
Therefore, the magnitude and direction of the resultant force is
F = FR - FL = 66218 7358 = 58860 N acts from right to left.
13.

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Taylors University
School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

14.

15.

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Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

Taylors University
School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

16.

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Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

Taylors University
School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

17.

133 kN

5 - 10

Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

Taylors University
School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

18.

The location measured from the bottom of

the tank is 5 (4+0.083) = 0.917 m

19.

Applying Archimedes principle:

The buoyant force, FB, has a magnitude equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body, then

FB V W mg m V / g or m V
where V is the volume of submerged portion of the ferry boat in the water (4 x 6 x 0.04), W and m are
the weight and mass of the truck respectively, and and are the specific weight and density of water
(1000 kg/m 3), then

m 10004 6 0.04 = 960 kg m = 960 kg.

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Taylors University
School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

20.

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Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

Taylors University
School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

21.

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Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

Taylors University
School of Engineering

Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

22.

23.

The resultant hydrostatic force on the gate is

FR hc A

where hc is the vertical distance from the fluid surface to the centroid of the wetted area of the gate, A.

hc= 20 m, A= 66 = 36 m 2, and (water)=9810 N/m 3

FR = 9810 20 36 = 7 063 200 N
This force will act on the cp (center of pressure)

hcp

I xc
hc
hc A

where Ixc is the second moment of the area. For square surface Ixc = 64/12

hcp

64
20 = 20.15 m
12 20 6 6
FR

Moments around the pivot

M pivot 0

Pivot

FBlock 3 = FR (20.15-20)

F Block

FBlock = 7 063 200 0.15 / 3 = 353.16 kN

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Taylors University
School of Engineering

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

(ENG60203)

Date: September 26, 2016

Dr. Abdulkareem Al-Obaidi

24.

25.

The horizontal component is

FH hc Avertical

where hc is the vertical distance from the fluid surface to the centroid of the vertical part (2 m), hc= 6 m,
A= 26 = 12 m 2, and (water)=9810 N/m 3
FH = 9810 6 12 = 706 320 N
The vertical component is the weight of the fluid above the quarter-circle panel:

Fv = g [ V(2 by 7 rectangle) - V(quarter-circle)] =

= (9810)(2 x 7 x 6 /4 x 2 2 x 6) = 822360 184537 = 639 300 N.

26.

a. Applying Archimedes principle: The buoyant force is equal to the apparent weight:
FB= 50 36 = 14 N

FB V m / metal g water W / g metal water W / metal then the density of

the metal is metal Wmetal / FB water metal 1000 50 / 14 3571 kg/m 3 metal = 3571
And

kg/m3
b. The apparent weight of the metal in the unknown liquid is FB= 50 41 = 9 N, then the
density of the unknown liquid is unknown metal FB / Wmetal = water 35719 / 50 643 kg/m 3

unknown = 643 kg/m 3.

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