@1.

4Rm=R:
L
D

R=2.860869565=

L=(2.860869565)(8.587632615)
L=24.56809678365486 kmol/h
L=(2.860869565)( 333.3333333)
L=953.623188237971 kg/h
V=L+D=953.623188237971+333.3333333
V=1286.956521537971 kg/h
V=24.56809678365486+8.587632615
V=33.1557294 kmol/h
Lm=B+Vm+1
Ym+1=

WX B
V m+1

Lm
V m+1 Xm-

0.192041038=

( 38.38930972+V m +1 ) 0.1
V m+ 1

3.93 x 10
(3)
(36.78)
V m+1

0.192041038 (Vm+1)=3.838930972+0.1 (Vm+1)-0.1445454

Vm+1=40.13846054 kmol/h
Lm=38.38930972+40.13846054
Lm=78.52777026 kmol
Lm= (78.52777026)(3.93x10-3)(46.069)+(78.52777026)(1-3.93x10-3)(18.015)
Lm=1410.951125
Vm+1=695.8206571

Heat Duties
Assuming that the efficiency of the column is 60%
stages=

71
0.6 = 10 stages

Assuming Pdrop per tray of 1025Pa,

Column Pressure drop = (10stages)(1025Pa)
Pdrop=10 250 = 10.25kPa
Therefore, Pbottom =Ptop+Pdrop
=101.325 + 10.25
=111.575kPa
HD=1223.214286 kJ/kg
hd= 225 kJ/kg
hB= 413.3333333 kJ/kg
hf = 311.1111111 kJ/kg

qc= V1HD-LhD-DhD
= (1286.956522)(1223.214286)-(953.6231885)(225)-(333.3333333)(225)
qc= 1284658.386 kJ/h
qc=

1284658.386
3600

qc= 356.8495516
qR=DhD +Bh +qc - Fhf
qR= (333.3333333)(225)+(666.666676)(413.3333333)+1284658.386
(1000)(311.1111111)

qR= 1324102.834 kJ/h

qR=

1324102.834
3600

qR= 367.8063429 kW

qp= (Methanol)(Cpethanol)(T2-T1) + mH2O Cp H2O (T2-T1)

kJ
kJ
o
o
o
qp= (0.3)(1000kg/h)(2.46 kg C )(96 C-25 )+(0.7)(1000kg/h)(4.186 kgo C ) )
(96oC-25o)
qp= 260442.2 kJ/h
qp= 72.34505556 kW
Top Section
P=101.325 kPa
T 78.6oC
MWL= (XD)(MWETH)+ (1-XD)(MWH2O)
= (0.7414454)(46.069)+(1-.024)(18.015)
= 38.81550929 kg/kmol
From VLE , YD= 0.777777
MWV= (YD)(MWETH)+(1-YD)(MWH2o)
= (0.777777)(46.069)+(1-0.777777)(18.015)
= 39.83477778 kg/kmol
WL= 972.6680284 kg/m3
ETHL= 756.838459 kg/m3
From Thermophysical Properties of Ethanol

350= 758.7253414
351.75= X
3.60= 747.9431563
1.75
10 =

y
10.7821851

y= 1.886886393
x = 758.7253414-1.886886343
x= 756.838459 kg/m3
Therfore,
L= (WL)(%wt H2O)+ (ETH)(%wt Ethanol)
= (972.6680284)(0.12)+ (756.838459)(0.33)
= 782.7380073 kg/m3
Therefore,
PM
V= RT

(101.325)(39.83477778)
( 8.314)(351.75)

V= 1.330177315 kg/m3
Bottom Section
P=111.575kPa
T=102.69678oC
Sat. Temp
o
T103 C
MWL = (XB)(MWETHANOL) + (1-XB)(MWH2O)
MWL = (0.00393439743)(46.069) + (1-0.0039)(18.015)
MWL = 18.12537559kg/kmol
WL = 956.3336764kg/m3
WL = 0.653968986kg/m3
From thermophysical Properties of Ethanol
370
= 736.9196758 Y

376.15 = X
330
= 725.1631617
6.15
10

y
11.7565141

y = 7.23025617w
x = 736.9196758-7.230256172
x = 729.6894196
L ETH = 729.6894196 kg/m3
370
= 2.812939522
376.15 = x
380
= 3.912363067
6.15
10

y
1.099423545

y = 0.67614548
x = 2.812939522 + 0.67614548
x = 3.489085002
V ETH = 3.489085002kg/m3
L = (W)(wt%H2O) + (LETH)(wt%Eth)
= (956.3886764)(0.99)+ (729.6894196)(0.01)
L = 954.1216838 kg/m3
V = VW(wt% H2O) + (VETH)(wt%ETH)
= (0.653968986)(0.99) + (3.489085802)(0.01)
V = 0.382320146 kg/m3

V =

M=

PM
RT

( 0.653968986 )( 8.314 ) (376.15 )

111.575

M = 19.12460109
MWv = 19.12460109 kg/kmol
Determination of diameter of the column

Top section
From fair`s correlation graph
L V
Flow Parameter = V V 0.5

( )

953.6231885 1.380177315
= ( 1286.956522 782.7380073

0.5

= 0.03111516869
Csbf = 0.087272727

Gas velocity through the nwt area @ flooding:

= 17.4 N/m2
spf

Unf = C

L
0.2
) (
V
20

= (0.087272727)

17.4
)
20

)0.5

0.2

782.73800731.380177315
)
1.380177315

= 2.019481778 m/s
Assuming 80% flooding , linear velocity, Un is:
Un = (0.8)(Unf) = (0.8)(2.019481778)
=1.615585428 m/s
Qmax = max volumetric Vapor flow rate in kmol
Qmax =

( V )( M ) ( 33.1557294 )( 39.83477778 )
=
V
1.380177315

Qmax = 956.943067 m3/h

Qmax = 0.265817519 m3/s

0.5

Net area req`d =

Qmax
Un

0.265817519
= 1.615585423
AN = 0.1645332492 m2
AN =

D
4

(4)( 0.1645332492)

D = 0.457701036 m
Total cross sectional area = AT
AN
0.9

0.1645332492
0.9

= AT =

AT = 0.182814721 m2

Bottom Section
Flow Parameter
1362.490657 0.682320146
( 695.820657 954.1216838

=0.05236347109
CSBF= 0.117647058
= 58.37 mN/m

0.5

UNF=(0.117647058)(

58.37

20

0.2

954.12168380.682320146
)0.5
0.682320146

= 5.448355696
UN=0.8(8.443355696)
UN=4.358684556
0.31635389
AN= 4.358684556
= 6.072580129
D=0.3
AN
0.167595875
AT= 0.9 =
0.9
AT=0.186217638m2

Liquid Flow Arrangement

Liquid flow rate at top
( L)( MWl )
VLT= 3600 L

VLT =

(953.6231885)(38.81550929)
(3600)(782.7380073)

VLT = 0.01313613403m3/s
VLB=

(1362.487324)(18.12537559)
(3600)(954.1216838)

VLB= 0.007189741 m3/s

Plate Design
DT0.5m

*single pass crossflow will be used

0.52
AT=
4
AT= 0.19634954m2
AD=0.12(AT)
AD=0.12(0.196)
AD=0.02356151448m2
AN=(0.88)(AT)
AN=0.172787595m
60-80% of tower diameter is normally used for the computation of weir
length
Use 77% of tower diameter which is equivalent to 12% downcomer
Weir length= 0.77(DT)=0.77(0.5a0
= 0.385m
AA=AT -2 AD=0.19634954-2(0.023561944)
= 0.149225652m2
Weir height=40mm (from pdf 192) = NW
Dh=plate thickness
For 1st trial, let Dh=hole
Diameter=5mm

Height of column =[(plate spacing + plate thickness)10]1.15

Checking for Weepage

Top:
Max liquid flow rate
953.623188
=
=0.26489533 kg/s
3600
Min liquid flow rate
=0.7(max liquid flow rate)
=0.7(0.26489533)
=0.185426731 kg/s
Bottom:
Max liquid flow rate
=

1362.487324
=0.378468701 kg/s
3600

Min liquid flow rate

=(0.7)(0.378468701)
=0.264928091 kg/s
Top:
Max weir crest, hwcmax
max flow rate

=750( (weir length)(L)

782.7380073
(0.385)( )
=750( 0.26489533

=6.882180049
Min weir crest

2/3

2/3

0.185426731

=750( (0.385)(782.7380073)

2/3

=5.425728485

Bottom:
Max weir crest
0.378468701

=750( ( 0.385 ) (954.1216838)

2/3

=7.650765888
Min weir crest
0.264928091
=750( (0.385)(954.1216838) )2/3
=6.03116206

Top:
=40+5.45272848
=45.42572848
Bottom:
=40+6.031661206
=46.031661206

Minimum vapor velocity (Top)

Umin=[

K 20.9 ( 25.4dn )
]
v 1 /2

29.930.9 ( 25.45 )
]
1
(1.380177315) /2

Umin= 9.848405375 m/s

Actual minimum vapor velocity
Umin

(.70)(0.265817519)
actual=
0.022383848

Umin actual (Top)= 12.46918755 m/s

Minimum vapor velocity (Bottom)

Umin=[

K 20.9 ( 25.4dn )
]
v 1 /2

29.970.9 ( 25.45 )
]
(0.682320146)1 /2

Umin = 14.05523536 m/s

Actual minimum vapor velocity
Umin actual=

(.70)(0.298890419)
0.016922565

Umin actual (Bottom)= 14.02059844 m/s

Plate Pressure Drop

ht=hd+(hwc+hw) + hr
hd=51(

Umax =

Umax
2
Co )
Qmax
Ah

v
l
0.265817519
0.014922565

Umax (Top) = 17.81312507 m/s

Umax =

Qmax
Ah

0.298890419
0.014922565

Umax (Bottom) = 20.02942634 m/s

Dry plate pressure drop

hd = 51(

17.81312507

0.88

1.380177315

( 782.7380073 )

( 954.1216838 )

hd (Top)= 36.84711832
hd = 51(

20.02942634

0.88

0.682320146

hd (Bottom)= 18.89410315
Residual head
hr=

12500
782.7380073

hr (Top)= 15.96958354
hr=

12500
954.1216838

hr (Bottom)= 13.10105431
ht= 36.84711832+(15.96958354+40)+5.425728485
ht (Top)= 98.2323035
ht= 18.89410315+(13.10105431+40)+6.031661206
ht (Bottom)= 78.02681867

Downcomer backup liquid and resistance time

hap = 40-10 = 30mm = 0.03m

Aap = (0.03)(0.385) = 0.01155
Headloss downcomer

0.26489533

0.378468701

hdc= 166( 954.1216838 x 0.01155

hdc= 166( 782.7380073 x 0.01155

hdc (Top)= 0.142514771mm

hdc (Bottom)= 0.195792714mm

Downcomer backup
hb= 5.425728485+40+0.142514771+94.44516935
hb (Top)= 140.0134126
hb= 6.031661206+40+ 0.195792714+0.195792714
hb (Bottom)= 124.2542726

ADhb L/ Max liquid flowrate

=

(0.023561945)(140.0134126)(782.7380073)
(0.26489533)(1000)

ADhb L(Top)= 9.748165576

=

(0.023561945)(124.2542726)(964.1216838)
( 0.378468701)(1000)

ADhb L(Bottom)= 7.45803385

(platespcaing +weir length) must be greater than hd (600+385)= 197, to
assure flooding does not happen.
Number of holes

Aholes= (0.15)(0.149225652)
Aholes= 0.022383847m2

nholes=

0.022383847

( 0.612 ) 2
4

()

nholes= 197.9166679 holes/each plate

Assumption: Plate length is 50mm
Dc= 0.5m
Weir length= 40mm

Lw
=0.77
Dc

Lh
Dc =0.08

c= from projecting x on graph minus 180

= 92.85= 93
les=

(0.50.05)( 93 )
180

les=0.730420292
Aes=(0.05)(0.730420292)
Aes=0.036521014 mm2
lcz= 0.385+0.05
lcz=0.435 m
Acz= 2(0.05)(0.435)
Acz= 0.0435 m2
Ap= 0.149225652 0.0435 - 0.036521014
Ap= 0.069204633 m2

An
0.012
2
Ap = 0.9( Lp )

0.022383847
0.012
2
=
0.9(
0.69204638
Lp )
Lp= 0.020017172 m
Actual vapor velocity
Uv=

0.265817519
0.172787596

Uv (Top)= 1.538406256
Uv=

0.298890419
0.172787596

Uv (Bottom)= 1.729814093

2.286766071
2.85457655 x100%
= (80.1%)53.89262579

G )0.5 = 0.031661882

From graph of % flooding

(Top)= 0.093
(Bottom)= 0.0094
TH= thickness of head =

( P)( Rc )(w)
( 2 )( ft ) ( J )

Internal design pressure (P)= 1 atm = 1.0330 kg/cm 2

Joint factor = 0.85 = 85%
Rc= Crown radius= diameter oh shell in mm= 500 mm
Rk= Knuckle radius= 6% of crown radius= (0.06)(500)= 30mm
ft= perssible tensile stress= 970kg/cm2
W= stress in terifaction factor for torispherical head

W= (1/4)[3+(Rc/Rk)0.5]

3+
W=

0.5
( 510
30 )
4

W= 1.770620726 mm
tn=0.554717541mm
ts= shell minimum thickness
ts=

( P)( Di)
+C
2 ft J

ts=3.313289873 mm