15262

DR. K. M.
NADKARNI'S
INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Third Edition-
DR. K. M. NADKARNI'S
INDIAN
MATERIA
MEDICA
With Ayurvedic, Unani-Tibbi, Siddka, .4ttopathic,
Homeopathic, Naturopathic &- Home Remedies,
,Appendices & Indexes
.(Originally edited by theJate Dr. K. M. NADKARNI, F.S.SC.,
L.A., (Lond.): M:C.S. (Paris) M.BR.PH.C. (Lond.) etc.)
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Third Edition
ENCE.
Revised & Enlarged by
A. K. NADKARNI
IN TWO VOLUMES . VOLUME
PROCESSE~ . .' ,
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DHOOTAPAPESHWAR
PRAKASHAN LTD.
PANVEL
Two
Printed by G. G. Pathare at Popul"r Press (Born.) Ltd., .

35, Tardeo Road, Bombay 7 and Published by G. R. Bhatkal,
jointly for the Popular Book Depot (Regd.), Bombay 7 and
Dhootapapeshwar Prakashan Ltd., Pan vel.
CONTENTS
VOLUME TWO
Part II
MINERAL KINGDOM
Part
1-133
In
ANIMAL KINGDOM
135-234
APPENDIXES
I. Drugs . (offi~:qal and non-officinal) according to tnerapeutical and physiological
actions
II.
III.
235-274
Drugs, preparations and their Specific and

more important uses in diseases
274-313
Equivalents and substitutes for important

foreign etc. drugs
..
313-326
Therapeutic Index of diseases and ailments (with 'their equivalents in Sanskrit) and their remedies
327-400
IV.
V.
VI.
App{oximate percentage, compositi()n,

and calories etc. in foods and dietetic
articles
401-415
Vitamins in foods and dietetic articles;

(vitamin requirements of man)
415-526
Vitamins in Fruits
426-435
Addendum to above table of vitamins etc .
. including Fish Food-value chart
436-487
Principal forms of Ayurvedic medication
and methods of their preparation and uses
in brief
487-506
vi
~
1Io
<t-it.
,. VII. Therapeutic Agents, with their defini-
tions, brief explanations

examples
and
few
506-528
INDEXES
Index List of Plants in this book arranged according
to their Natural Orders
529-615
Index List of Natural Orders, Genera and Families,

appearing in this book, with their respective
alternatives, English and Indian equivalent
names
616-622
Index List of Indian Plants and Drugs from which

Mother-tinctures and Extracts etc., are prepared according to the Homoeopathic system of
medicine
623-637
Index of Preparations, Combina~ions, Substances

and allied products of all kinds
638-664
Index of Chemical Constituents (Major and minor;

significant and insignificant)
665-714
General Index-Cross Index of Synonyms (in all

languages, dialects, etc.)
715-968
ANGRAU
615.10954
NAD
'Acc No. 15262
"To be a Physician is to my mind the

grandest thing in the worLd. A good physician
is a God-send in any community and a bLessing in the consuLting room."
\ -Dr. Jones, M.D., D.Sc., Ph.D.
"There is neither East nor West, nor Border,

nor Breed, nor Birth, when too strong Forces
of Civilisations and Cultures' stand face to
face, tho' they come fr01n the e'1fds of the
earth".
-Dr. Walter Eugene Clark, Ph.D.,
Prof. of Sanskrit in the University of Chicago
"We Live i1J- times of aNew Renaissance. Old

vaLues, ancient tradition'S and out-dated concepts are cmmbling fast under the impact of
a changing worLd. Thinkers exhort alL to
think and act in terms of a greater humanity,
to raise above the mean Limitations that crippLe our growth and retard our progress, to
consider everything and being as our brothers,
irrespective of aLL accidents of birth and conspiracjes of circumstances. And, in all things
that affect us to gaze at new horizons and
(hitch our wagons to the stars'. Humanity is
one! Truth is real! Culture is our food
and drink-Unity and Progress through
Culture!!!" .
THE
INDIAN MAT~RXA :MEDICA

PART
(MINERAL KINGDOM)
1. ADAMAS
Sans.-Heeraka; Hira:kam~ Vajra. Eng.-Diamond. Fr.

Diamant. Pers.~Ahnas. Hind. Ben. & Mah.-Heera. Tl.-'-Bajat. MaL & Tam.-Vairani~ Vayaram. Can. & Kon.Vajra.
Source.-Obtained tram mines, formerly from Goiconda (Deccan); 'noW mostly from Johannesburg in "So~th
Africa.
Characters.-A gem of the most valuable kind consisting of pure carbon .and remarkable for its hardness and
clear transparency and brilliance.
Classific~tion.-It is divided into classes according to
its colour and form:-The white col9ured; the red coloured;
the yellow variety; the black variety. The round sized one
with high gloss and line or spot is termed male.
Purification & Preparation.-Diamond is purified by

being enclosed within a lemon and boiled in the juice of
the leaves of Agati grandiflora. It is reduced to powder thus.
-A paste is made of the root of a cotton plant with the juice
of some betel leaves, both the vegetables being not less than
three years old. The diamond is theri enclosed within thi's
paste arid roasted in a pit of fire. This process is repeated
seven times, when the stone is easily reduced to a fine powder.
Another process consists in toasting the diamond enclosed in
a paste made, of hdrn-shavings for three times in succession;
THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
it can also be purified after having it beaten with horse's

urine and then cooking it. in the putapaka process.
Action.-Diamond th~s prepared is a powerful alterative, tonic, stimulant, improves nutrition, increases the strength
and firmness of the body and removes all sorts of diseases.
Dose is about 1 grain. It generates the secretion of semen
and is always preferred for medicinal purposes. For internal
administration prepared or purified white diamond is preferred, the red-colored is beneficial in various diseases and
prevents premature death. The yellow variety gives strength.
The black variety is also beneficial in several ailments.
Uses.-Diamond forms an ingredient of several alterative and tQnic medicines such as Trailokya Chintamani Rasa.,
Ratnagiri Rasa, .Sarvangasundara Rasa etc. which contain besides di~on.d, pearls, gold, iron, talc, mercury, etc., in varying prom)rt,ions and are used in similar cases. Trailokya
Chintamani Rasa contains diamond, gold and pearls one part
each and iron, talc and Rasa Sindura 4 parts each, rubbed
~ogether with the juice of Aloe indica and made into two grain
pills. Another preparation called by the same name contains
the above ingredients minus iron and also prepared coral,
orpiment, realgar and aconite. It is useful in gastric disorders, general debility, asthma, phthisis, diarrhoea, colic,
anaemia, sexual debility etc. Dose is 1 to 3 pills of one grain
'each, thr~ 'times a day.
2.
ALUMEN
Sans._:Sphatika;ri; Surashtr~ja; Kamakshi; Tuvari. ~ng.

Alum; Sulphate of Alumina and Potash or of. Aluminium and
A):I1monium; Aluminous sulphate. Pers.-Shap-i;yemeni; Zakc
bilor; Zake-safed. Arab.-Shabb-Zaje-abyaz; Zaj.. Hind.Phitikhari; Phitkari. Ben.-Phatkiri. Bom.-Sambe-mani.
Guj. & Duk.-Phatka,ri. Mah.-Turati;- Phatki. Tam.-Patikaram; Padikharam; Shinacarum. Tel.-Pattikaramu; Padi.kharam. Can.:---Phatikara. Sinh.-Shina-karan.
Burm.Khin; Kyouh-kyen; Ke,a.-khin. Malay.-Tawas.
WITH A.YURVEDIC, UNANI &. HOME REMEDIES
Source.-Chiefly found with peroxide of iron in SHajit

or in Alum earths of Nepal or prepared from the alum shales
in the Punjab, Rajputana, Bihar and Cutch States. As
found in the, bazaars', it is often mixed with .impurities; it may
be rendered fit for medicinal purposes by dissolving it iIi. boiling water, straining the solution and evaporating it so as to
obtain crystals, which should be preserved for use. Alum is
a general name for a class of double sulphates containing
aluminium and' such metals, as potassium, ammonium, iron,
etc.
Characters.-Colourless,. transparent crystals, with. acid,
sweetish astringent taste.
Action.-Astringent, causti~,. haemostatic~ antispasmodic
and antiseptic; irritant and purgative in large doses; emetic in
repeated. doses. It cQnstringes small vessels' and organic fibres
and thus acts in diminishing the exhalations, secretions and
supply of blood to a part.
Uses.-It is useful in leucorrhoea, haematuria, haemoptysis, menorrhagia, gastric and intestinal .catarrh. and 'other
haemorrhages; in fluxes of the .respiratory passages with profuse ropy mucous phlegm; iri chronic diarrhoea and dysentery
ani in atonic discharges generally. In. 'chronic diarrhoeas, a
mixture containing 10 grains of alum, 5 drops of laudanum arid
1! ounces' of infusion: of, acorus root, given thrice daily' is
useful. .In the diarrhoea preceding cholera and in the diarrhoea of phthisis, a compound powder of alum~ catechu and
cinnamon each 10 grains mixed with. honey is given in repeated
doses. It is useful also in strangury and. vomiting in. small
doses i.e., 2 to 10 grains. Ten grains of it avrests the spasms
of asthma, In. narcotic poisoning in. children it is a good and
efficient antidote. In whooping cough, after the first or acute
stage has passed,. alum in doses of 2 to 4 grains according to
age of the child, given twice or thrice a day" iri the :form of
powder or in solution, in Omum water (1 in 60-) in doses of.a
teaspoonful to a dessertspoonful for a child from 1 to 4 years
old, given thrice a day is most beneficial. For asthma and
cough alum 5 grains, in half an ounce of rose. water is given
twice'a day. Persons: bitten by serpents ,are' made to drink
buttermilk or water mixed with 6 mashas (72' grains) of good
nm
INDIAN MATERIA .MEDICA
alum powder-(J. L. Duveji). In obstinate cases of malaria

desicca,ted alv,rrt in 5 grain( doses with some aromatic compound
,powcler to disguise' the taste :gfven 2 hours before the expected
'rigou1,' with only a teaspoonful of water has given very satisfacto:r;y results. In injuries which result in concussion of the
,brain or spinal cord or in severe sprains or fractures the first
thing given is alum 5 grains with tre'acle or sugar. In croup
a teaspoonful mixed with honey or syrup is an excellent
emetic. In obstinate hiccup one-drachm doses given two or
three times a day induce vomiting and stop hiccup. If the
powder .is taken with very little water there is less likelihood
of its inducing vomiting. In frequently repeated doses of
30 grains alum relieves lead colic by precipitating soluble salts
of lead. Alum 45 grains mix.ed with, treacle is given internally for guinea-worm. Alum in 5-grain doses thrice a day
with the juice <?f Adhatoda vasica works wonderfully in certain forms of leucorrhoea, especially when the flow is tinged
with blooP.. In haemorrhages from kidneys, uterus and other
internal organs alum in doses of 10 to 12 grains thrice daily
with or withput opium is 'given with benefit, but not when
much fever is presertt. Alum whey or 'lime whey' prepared
,by boiling for 10 minutes two' drachms of powdered alu!p. .in
a pint of milk and strained is 'beneficial in doses of ! to 2
ounces thrice daily in menorrhagia and bleeding piles. "As
a ha~mostatic, its use is recommended in bleedilJ.g from tttp ,
nose,and other mucous surfaces."l pr. H. C. Sen has "derived
satisfactory results" from alum-whey in cases, of enteric cfever .
It is palliative in diabetes and albuminuria also. Externally,
alum forms one of the ingredients of some hair dyes and hair
lotions. It is applied in a saturated solution, i.e., 5 per cent
in bleeding .from the nose, gums, vagina or the rectum; as a
styptic, in leech bites, cuts etc.; in prolapsus ani and prolapsus
uteri. Locally applied.it checks sweats in the armpits, groins
and sales of the feet. Weak solution (1 to 2 p.c.) is used as
a lotion to ulcers and chilblains; as "an astringent gargle
in a strength of 2 drachms to a pint of decoction of gall or
Babul dark or of plain water"2 it is used in relaxed or ulcerated sore-throat, aphonia, atony of the larynx, spongy or bleeding gums, loose teeth;' ,;lcers of the mouth and tongue, fissures
.'_
WITH AYURYEDIC. UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
of the tongue in consumption, in ex.cessive salivation etc.; it

is locally applied in. diphtheria, croup and pharyngitis; as a
collyrium (preferably mixed with rose-water) it is used in
chronic and purulent ophth<;llmia, chronic conjunctivitIs,
generally in: what is known as country sore eyes, especially
among children for whom a solution of 3 to 6 grains to an
ounce of distilled water ,or rose-water is sufficient. Its solution is also used as an injection in gleet and leucorrhoea.
"Alum lotion, internally, is administered. to check haemorrhage
from lungE), stomach, kidneys and other organs or to arrest
excessive menstrual flow".3 In inflammation round the ear,
a paste made of alum and 19ypsum equal parts and Gile-armani,
(Armenian~le) is applied; in otorrnoea it may be dropped
into the ear. In recent ecchymosis, contusions, sprains 'etc.,
p01Lltices made of wheat bran and the solution of alum or
of 30 grains of powdered alum mixed with the white of an
egg are highly useful; the latter are useful chiefly in cases of
severe blows on the eye and the' consequent pain, heat and
swelling. In aphthae and thrush, spongy gums and other
affections o ~he mouth powdered alum with honey, is used
with benefit. It is often sprinkled over indolent ulcers,
especially ch~onic umbilical ulcers of infants, and used as a
snuff in epistaxis; or a. gauze wet with alum lotion (5 p:c.) is
plugged in the nose'. Similar alum plugs combined with
glycerine or alum douches may be used
leucorrhoea. The
solution may be used also as a nasal spray if the lesion 1.$
higher up ill the nose. In G{lSeS of post: partum haemorrhage
or menorrhagia, sterilized ~ottOI1 plugs saturated with alum
powder or sterilized alum lotion (5 p.c.) immediately stop the
bleeding. A lotion made of alum and borax 40 grains each
and 8 ounces, of water is useful in weepin:g eczema. Alum
powder mixed with talc and zinc ,oxide is a good remedy for
sweating feet. A powder composed of alum 1 part and gilearmani and Catechu t part each, is an application to swollen
gums and in toothache. In bleeding piles, cloths saturated
with a solution of alum in decoction 6 galls or of Babul bark
(in the proportion of 2 drachms of alum to, 8 ounces of the
decoction) are kept constantly applied to the parts; this is
useful in prolapsus of the anus especially in children. A
in:
weaker solution, i.e., of two drachms to the pint of the decoction, forms a useful gargle in diseases of the mouth and throat
above-mentioned and as, useful injection in leucorrhoea and
other vaginal discharge~. In discharges from the urethra;
caused by a sore or excoriated surface between the prepuce.
and the head of the, penis often confounded with gonorrhoea,
a 4 p.c, solution applied twice or thrice daily is very beneficial. For gleet and, urethral stricture, Zad-Garib prescribes
for injection a lotion made of alum 1 tola, Nila tutiya (blue
vitrion 70 grains and water 1 seer, dissolved by aid of heat,
strained and cooled'. This 'is used for urethral injection. In:
chronic gonorrhoea 1 or 2 p.c. solution with potassium permanganate is used. "In old ,chronic, spr~ading and gangrenous
ulcers qp application made of finely powdered alum 4 drs.,
finely powdered catechu 1 dr., opium ~ dr., and ceromel or
Kpkum butter or ghee 1 or 2 ounces, applied on a soft rag,
night and, morning is very excellent".4 For bed sores 01'
where these ,are likely to occur, a mixture, of 30 grains of
.burnt alum ~nd the white of an egg, is painted over the part.
For traumatic swellings and enlargeIlfent of the joints especially that of the knee and for other swellings from blows, bruises
or sprains, cloths wet with the lotion of alum 4 drs., vinegar
and Arrack 1 pint each, are kept applied to the affected part.
In scorpion and insect bites, alum moistened with water and
locally' applied affords instantaneous relief.-(Dr. Saunders}aring).
(1), (2), (3) and (4)-Chopra's "I. D. of 1." pp. 563/564.
3.
AL.lJMEN .EXSICCATUM
(Dried or burnt alum) is used ,as, an astringent and caustic

to check unhealthy granulations; used in indolent ulcers and
.and ulcerative stomatitis.
4. ALUMINII SILICAS
(Sans.-Kharyamitti. Eng.-Felspar; Clay; Silicate of Alumina. Hind.-Chikni 9r Sufaid mitti; Lang-i-dalam. Duk .....,...
Khar: Dhoi-huvi-khar1. Pers.-Kadi; Gilsufeid. Guj.-Khadu.
WITH A YURVEDIC.
UN~NI &
HOME REMEDIES
7'
Tam. and Tel.-Namon. Mal. and Can.-Nama} under peculiar

drcumstances and by the action of the Carbonic acid ~as of
the air suffers after a long time complete decomposition and i:;;'
converted into a soft, friable mass of earthy matter resembling'
soft mortar. When the de<tlnposing rock contains, besides'
felspar, oxide of iron, the clay produced is iron-coloured. The
dark appearance of some clay is due to its containing' bitumi-'
nous matter. ,Prepared or purified pipe-clay is used in medicine as a dusting powder.
'
5.
GOPI~HANDAN
(Sans.-Shoraktri. Hind.-Pani-soka. Ben.-Sugandamittl)'

is so nained from a lake called Gopi, near Dwarka, wherefrom I
it is taken. It is a kind of clay-a manganesium iron and an
aluminium yellow earth found in, pieces of various shapes.,Its
smell re~embles that of Multani mati, another kind of clay.;
Water poured upon it is :soon absorbed. It is uS,ed as an absorbent powder dusted on unhealthy ulcers and wounds. It is'
cooling and desiccant. It is applied with rose-water, as a paste, ,
to the forehead to relieve head.ache, an~ also to inflamed boils.
6. ~KAOLINUM
(S'ans.-Gairika; Krishnamrittika:.
Eng.-China clay; ,
Kaolinite; Kaolin; Porcelain clay; Red ochre. Ben.-Girimati; Gainika. Hind.-Chikmimati; Geru. Sinh.-Kiramatti) .is
a native white aluminium silicate found in Ceylon, China etc. '
It is obtained by purifying native whit~ felspar or aluminium
silicate by elutriation which removes silica and undecomposed '
felspar. It is thus converted into a soft, friable, whitish earthy
mass. It is pulverizable, 'insoluble, in water or in dilute acids. '.
Pure Kaolin contains alumina 70, silica 26, and iron oxide
4 p.c. It has been in med'icinal use since the earliest dawn of'
medical history. Discorides of Cilicia, who lived about the'
dawn of the ChristIan Era, describes five different kinds of'
clay in medicinal use in his materia medica. Galen attributes '
its discovery to Hermes Trismegistes, the teacher bf Aescu- I
lapius. A visenne, most famous of Arab physicians (980 to
:J.039 A.D.), describes the various kinds of clay lin medicinal

use in his era. In the ~ddle ages it came to be extensively
used for all sorts of complaints, such as epilepsy and cardiac,
diseases, and not unnaturally fell into disrepute under such.
improper usage. Subsequently in slight demand as an exci-'
pient for pills and paste~, it has remained for Stumpf qf Wurzburg in 1898 to almost re-introduce this valuable medicament:
to the. profession. His attention to its value was first drawn
by noting in 1882 that a corpse which had been buried for 37
months, and which was then exhumed for medico-legal examination, had been buried in a clay soil and was in a most
extraordinary state of preservation. In 1886 he commenced
to use clay as a paste in the treatment of old standing septic
wounds with most gratifying results a~ to deodorisatio~, protection from irritation, and healing. In 1900 Stumpf began
the internal treatment of cases of cholera, dysentery, diarrhoea
and septic wounds by oral administration of kaolin. During
the period after the Treaty of Bucharest when the Serbian
armies returned to their homes, Dr. Kuhne was in charge of
a chol~ra camp in Belgrade and also of a similar one at Nish:
During this period Dr:. Stumpf came to Dr. Kuhne and begged
to be allowed to treat the cholera cases with kaolin. Cases
which were apparently desperate were handed over to him.
with the result that next day they were not dead, but recovering. Persevering in this line of treatment, the mortality in
these cholera camps dropped from 44 p.c. to 3 p.c.! It .proved,
far more efficacious than injections of anti-serum, injections of
iodine, or hypertonic saline treatmeJ1,t. Also it was far more
practicable. Dr. Kuhne writes that. he pas now adopted kaolin
treatment iI} ~U general cases of intestinal c;lisorder in place of
bismuth, charcoal; talc etc. Ill' the. treatment of cholera, the
following prescription is advocated.-Into 250 c.c. of colci boiled,
water pour 100 gms. of finely puiverised kaolin. This is shaken
until a J?erfectly homogeneous, yelJow-white creamy liqUid is
obt&ined. A tumblerful of this mixture is given to the patient
or~ly every half hour or every hour to six or more dosE;!s. As,
a rule; after the sixth dose the patient falls asleep and all
acute symptoms are over. The treatment is continued with
smwler'dosage over the' next few days and the patiept shpuld
WITH A YlJRVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
9'
be <;lble to leave hospital infrom 5, to, 10 days' tiI1le. If'it should

prove impQssible to administer the emulsion by the mouth it
may be given, by the stomach tube or by enema,-giving at
least three litres of the suspension per dose in the latter case.
When making the emulsion the kaolin should always Pe added

to the water, and not vice v,ersa. Other a~cessory tr~atment,
the author considers to be superfluous. Eor the first 18 lto~r~
after the admission nothing else should be given py the mouth
except plain cold water. The advantages of kilolin treatmentif it be as successful as the .author claims (says the Indian Medical Gazette, Feb. 1926) are obvious. It. can be administered,
by anyone, even by the pa#ent himself; acc,urate dosage is
not necessary; in an hour 'a medical ?tteqdant can deal with
a hundred patients; the ~eatment is not pai~ful, is free ;from
danger, and requires n() special appliances;, it can be uj;ed as.
a prophylactic measure; it is equally appllcable to all forms
of diarrhoea and dysentery; lastly it is very cheap. Should the
true diagnosis' be choleraic diarrhoea and not true cholera, only
good and not harm 'is done;

Kaolin probably owes its value to (a') absorption on the surface of its'jine'molecules of toxins; thus, it is of great value in:
cases of food poisoning also; (b) its mechanical protective coating of the acutely inflamed gut. Finally, the range of therapeutic applicatioq of kaolin is not confined to intestinal disorders, and in telieving bleeding from internal organs; i't is of
value in infantile diarrhoea~ as a local application in: diphtheria
of the throat. and on burns; for local treatment in leucorrhoea,
and in vaginal and. 'uterine inflamma:tion and lastly, for disinfection of the surgeon's 'hands before 'operatioil, where thorough
rubbing of the hands with puri.fied kaoliri will-it is believed-'
remove all .septic infection from the skin 'without causirig the
irritation of the skin so coinmon with the use of the usual'
surgic;::il antiseptics! "PersOrially" says the editor of the Gazette
"we have now been using kaqlin in 'the treatment of intestinal!
disorders for some two years-especially in the treatment of,
bacillary dysentery. MQrson's electrically precipitated "Osm:
a-kaolin" is probably the best preparation. It iilay be sa'id that'
sueh treatmerit is exceedingly well tolerated by the patient;'
is often very suc'cessful from a clinical point 'of view; and is a:
10
THE. INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
measure of distinct therapeutic value. The usual dose given

is 2 qrachms susPended ip. water or milk every four hours:
during the acute dysent~rl.c phase". For other uses of kaolin
see B.P.
The different kinds of clay are the mineral deposits from.
the disintegration of felspatruc rock. They are, besides Kaolin,.
as follow:-(l) Red bole or Ochre (Guj. & Hind.-Gerumati)
is a Silicate of Alumina and oxide of iron; this relieves bleeding from internal organs. (2) Bole Armeniac (Guj.-GuleArmani. Hind.-Ghermumitti) is Silicate of Alumina, Magnesia and oxide of iron. This is refrigerant, astringent, ab-,
sorbent and ahtiseptic; (3) Multani Mati and Gopichandan
are both varieties of Bole Armeniac; (4) Pipe Clay (Guj.Khadu) above referred to, and (5) Silicate of Alumina, Lime
and oxide of iron (Hind.-{}ill) uses of this are like 'multani
mati'.
A mixture of clay qud vinegar is used by. peasants in somedistricts as a cooling local application in fevers.- In the treat-,
ment of aneurislp., in neurosis of the heart and in the treatment
of the disagreeable pulsations in .hysteria, clay is applied with
succes~; ~fte:r; an ClPplication of a paste of clay to a pulsatile:
tumour, not only the su_bjective conditions as the asthmatic.
symptom and cardiac pain, but also the objective symptoms
namely the pulsation and the. volume of the tumour become di-J
minished.-(ProL Botkip,. Dr. Pirogoff and other Russian. sur;.'
geons). In cases of hysteria, not only the epigastric pulsa-:
tions be,come reduced but also the intensity of the, other dis-.
turbat].ces of the abdominal organs, with the. disappearance of'
the vomiting, diarrhoea and abdominal pains, became notably'
reduced. In Wologda (Russia) women soothe the pains of
hysteria by applying clay to the soles of the feet. Dr .. Louea-;
d]:levitch reports several cases of gonorrhoea} epididymitis'
promptly cured by th.e application of white moulding clay or
Sculptors 'made into a paste with water. The dressings arel
removed twice a day; the swellings are said to' subside on. the l
2nd or 3rd day. Pale or yellow Ochre (Indian Bazaar:___,.;;.
Mllltani mati) is used e;xternally in combination with fresh
lemon juice and oil or ~urd and rose;-wate:r; :for. rubbing and:
."""
WITH AYURVEDIC, 'UNANI -& HOlVIE REMEDIES
11
washing head, which removes dandruff, softens the hairs, and

keeps the head cool. Pipe clay and ammonium chloride in
equal parts made' into. a paste are applied to the temples fn
headache.
7. AMMONII CHLORIDUM or AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

(See also:-8aline Substances)
(Sans.-,Navasara; Navasagara; Chulika lavima. Eng.

-Sal Ammoniac.
Arab.'-Armina; Milhunhar. Punj. &
Pers.:-Noshadar.
Kash.--,-Nausadan:
Hind.-Navasadara;
Nousadar.
Ben.-Navasagara. Nishadal.
Duk.
Guj.
Mah.
&
Kon.-Navsagar.
Tam.
&
Sinh.-Nava..:
charam;
Nava-charum.
MaL.
&
Tel.-Navasaram.
Burm.-Lovas; Zarasa) as obtained in the bazaars is
generally very impure in dirty white or brownish translucent
cakes, "as it is manufaptured from a kind of clay' found at
Karnal in the Punjab".-(Chopra). It is obtained by the combustion of excretions of various animals or of animal matters
or by burning coals or comnion salt. It is a S'econday product
in the manufacture of coal gas. It is generally obtained in
India from unbutnt extremities of brick-kilns in which manure
of animals, especially camel's' dung is used as fuel. To this,
coal and common salt are added and sublimed. It is thus
obtained in white granula:r crystals or lransparent masses. It
is readily soluble in water and is highly deli'quescent. It
has a saline, disagreeable, nauseous arid plingent taste. It can
be purified and made into a powder by diSSolving in hot water
-and evaporating to dryness arid then bottling. It is alterative,
expectorant and cholagogue in small doses; in large doses pur~
gative. It has a marked stimulating action on the mucous
membranes, increasing their secretion also on the absorbent
system 'and on gland structures. It relieves hepatic conges.:.
tion and modifies hepatic secretions; useful is cases of hepatic
abscess; chronic hepatic. congestion and in dropsy connected
with the liver and ovarian diseases; in cirrhosis and in jaundice from catarrh of the bile ducts,. Fo~ hepatitiS,
sal-ammo I
niac 8 to 15 grains, mixed with 105 grains of Absinthium (worm
12
wood), rubbed well in a lll_9rtar with a, little water and given'

in a single dose will give relief (Hakim & Vaidyan). In
gastric cata,rrh in biliousness with. coated tongue, foetid J:>reath,
flatulence etc., in bronchial and vesical catarrh, in chronic
pharyngitis with glairy mucous secretions and whooping cough
it is valuable, combined with liquid extract of glycyrrhiza or
syrup of Country liquorice and with a few grmns of powdered
cinnamon, in cases of whooping cough. In amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, gleet, leucorrhoea, chronic dysentery and other
similar chronic discharges from. lungs, stomach and other internal organs it is given dissolved in conjee water .(2 drachms
to a pint) in wineglassf_ul doses every second or third hour.
"In hysteria, nervousness, jaundice and other liver complaints
and gastric catarrh, doses of 10-20 grains three times daily
are beneficial. It is often prescribed as a stimulating expectorant in chronic bronchitis and in. pneumonia in the stage of
~~solution."'-(C49P~a). In variQ1,ls forms .of neura.lgia, in
chrollic liver diseases, organic or functional, in rheumatic affections of the face ~tc., it is given in infusion df Indian Sarsapa,rillai in ~termittent fever, ill sick or nervous headaches.
a<;:ute alcoholism and in delirium tiem~ns its action is very
marked} given dissolved in, camphor julep. In dropsy due to
liver disease and in that c:>llowing fevers, it is administered
with infusioll. of Moringa or geco~ti()n of Astercantha. As an
alterative it acts by slowly modifYing the nutrition of the
tissues; it is a useful agent in chronic inflammatory diseases of
the glands. such as thyroid body, liver and. spleen and in induration of the uterus, ovaries anq the _prostate and externally for
fomentation in the form of a lotion (1 in 8Q). In urinary diseases chiefly where the urine is full of lit.hates it ,is very use.,.
ful. Externally its solution cofnpined with nitre is a nice cool,.
ing ~d stimul~t application to th~ head in. headache, "sprains,
rheuma1;i~m, lumbago, sciatica" (Cho.pra), mania and apoplexy,
and for inflamed, erysipelas and hernial tumours; in inflamed
hydr.ocele, indolent tumour.s, in enlarged glands, in (mammary)
milk aQscesses occurring <lfter cOllfinement and abscesses in
other parts of the body before formatiol} of matter, in chronic
skin diseases and as a dressing for bruises and blows on the
eye (bhlck eye). For milk abscesses etc., it is: used Cls lotion
WITH A YURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME RlEMEDIES
13
with Arrack and rose-waier (Un 8 and 160 parts respectively).

Mixed with sulphide of arsenic, it is used as an application to
scorpion bites. As an inhalation. in affections of the air passages its vapours proclu~ed ~y ,heating a gr;:\Cpm of it on a
dish, are useful. Ammon~um Chloride is recommended f.or
local application in cases of catarac;t.-(Ilaj-ul-Gurba).
8. ANTIMONII SULPHIDUM or ANTIMONY SULPHIDE

(Sans.~Srotonjana; Sauvira. Eng.-Kermes mineral; Black
antimony; Sulphide of Antimony. BdL.-Surma. Hind.-Anj::.n;
Surmaka-patthar. Arab.-Ismad; ~ohal. Per.s.-Sagl-surmah.
Guj.-Surmej Kuhl-anjan. Duk.-Anjan. Mah. & Kon.Surmav. Tam.~Anjanamai. Tel.-Nilanjanam; Katuka. Can.
Anjana. Burm..-Tay-lak-youk) is foun,d in Vizianagram and
in several parts of the Punjab. It is a tersulphide of antimony
purified by fusion and reduced to a black powder. The powder is used as an applicatIon to the eye-lids and eye~brows
especially by woinen in Upper India and as a cosmetic to
improve the personal appearance. When thus applied it is
supposed also to protect the eyes from the glare of the sun by
absorbing the rays. An Anjan or Collyrium is recommended
by Pdt. J. L. DU'veji as a cure for impaired eye-sight, ophthalmia, cataract, itching, reUness, i~ritation etc., in the eyes, in
short as a remedy for several eye-complaints. It is prepared
thus.-Take half a tola each of 'borax, purified ammonium chloride, cuttle-fish-bone', saltpetre, Sang-basri,. alum flower, kernel
of Butea frondbsa root, and l{ernel 'of mustard seeds and ten
tolas of antimony (sulphide) and pestle them well in a mortar
for three hours mixing lemon juice. Sieve well after getting
them dried in a shady place before filling in phials which should
be kept well corked. Internally anttmony sulphide is seldom
used; except occasionally as a tonic for horses.
9.' ARGENTUM
Sans.-'Rajata; Rupya; Tara., Eng.-Silver. Fr.-Arzgent.

L. Argentum. Ben ......,..Rupa. Ar.ab. ~azzeh;
Ger.-Silber.;

F~ddah. Pers.-Nokra. Hind. & Mah.-Chandi. Guj.-Rupun.
K01J,.-Rupeh. Tam. & Nfal.-Velli. Tel.-Vendi. Can.-Belli.
Sinh ....,...-Peddi. Burm.-Ngway.
Source.__;Found througnout the mineral kingdom in a

metallic state often alloyed with other metals, gold, arsenic',
copper etc., or combined with sulphur, iodine, chlorine etc.
There were silver mines in Sind, Agra, Delhi and Lahore-(Ain-i-Akbari). In ancient times silver was obtained from
galena (lead sulphide) which contains a minute quantity of
silver. Even now silver: is derived from this source in many
places-(Jour. Ayur, ,Fe}? 192(?).
Characters.-A soft, white, brilliant and ductile metal; it
does not oxidize'when exposed to the air, but is soon tarnished
by vapours of sulphur. It is purified in the same way as gold.
Preparations.-Silver leaf is prepared like gold leaf;
Tara Bhasma (I}lack oxide of silver). Silver leaves are
treated with twice their weight of Cinnabar and heated in the
~1,lbliming, apparatus. The plercury rises up and collects in
the upper vesseL and silver in powder form remains in the
lower vess~L :Prepared silyer is thus su~phide of silver and
not oxip.~ of silver. It contains 84 p.c. of silyer and 16 p.c. of
sulphur. Dose.-of the leaf,-1 to 2 grain~;, of the powder,i grain.
Action.---'Silver leaf and Bhasma (powder) are tonic,
stimulant and aphrodisiac. Silver is said to be "acidulous,
sweet, astringent, cool, demulcent, purgative, emetic, constipative, alleviative of wind and bile"-(N. N. Sen Gupta).
According to Rasaratna Samucchaya it is "acid-sour in taste,
sweet in action, cooling, purger, destroying of Vayu and
Kapha, appetiser, enervator of digestive heat, rejuvenator and
nourisher of memory and, intelligenceY
Uses.-The silver leaf and powder are given in combination with stimulant confections and with various aphrodisiac
medicines. They are highly recommended in .excessive heat
in the body, hectic fever, phthisis, chest affections, impotence
and seminal weakness; also in painful and irritable condition
of theCiomach and intestines, in heart-burn and in chronic
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
15
diarrhoea, in uterine diseases as leucorrhoea, menorrhagia etc.,

and in irritability of the, uterus. Silver enters into. the composition of several remedie,s as Y ogaraja (See under Asphaltum), Jayamangala Rasa, Vrihat vata gajankusa etc. In
hysteria, hypochondriasis and other nervous affectio~s, a
ccmfection made of gaozuban, amber, silver leaves and sugar
equal parts is useful. As an alterative tonic and aphrodisia,_c
in general debility, impotence etc., a pill known as Mahalakshmibilas Rasa, is used; 'it is made up of the oxides of
silver and orpiment (prepared) 1, prepared Talc 8, prepared
mercury and sulphur each 4, prepared tin 2, prepared copper
!, camphor, nutmeg and mace each 4 and seeds of Argyreia
speciosa and of dhatu,r.a each 2 paris, all mixed together,
rubbed with the juice .of betel leaves and made into 'pills 6f
about 6 grains each. In dy~pnoea of phthisis a 'preparation
known as Kanchanabhra is recommended; it is composed of
gold and silver, red sulphide of mer<::ury, burnt coral and
pearl, iron ancl mica, musk, realgar, and embelic
myrobalan. In asthma and oth~r complaints. of difficult
breathing a preI;Jaration named Swasa Gajankusa .made of gold
and silver, mica, tin, camphor, red sandal wood, close, malati
flower (Echites caryophyllata?) with juice of Adhatoda vasaka,
is recommended. In cases of obesity, a preparation made of
silver leaf 4, long pepper 6, black pepper 2, Cyperus rotundus
2, rock salt 2, and borax"'4 parts; the whole triturated in cow's
urine is useful. Dose is grainS 2 to 10 or even 20. It also
increases appetite etc.-(Khory). Externally the powder has
been used and on sore nIpples, foui ulcers etc. Silver leaf
applied to ulcers forms a soluble alhuminate with the serum
excreted. Other actions and uses of silver are similar to those
of gold, b,ut somewhat inferior.
10.
ARSENUM; ACmryM ARSENIOSUM
San$.,:-Sankhav.isha, Darumucha; Sambalakshara. Eng.,Arsenious Acid; Whit~ oxide of arsenic; White arsenic; flowers
of arsenic. Ara:b.-Sammula Jar. Pers._,.Margemosha. H.ind.
-'-Sankhy'? Duk.-Safed sambala. Be'fl,.-Sumbulkh~ Guj.-
16
THE INDIAN MATERiA. MEDICA
Somal khar. Mah.-Sankhya sambala. Tam.-Vella pasham:lri. /

Tel.-Tela pashanum. pan. & Kon.-'Sankhya pashana,
Burm.-Tein; Hyps6. Sinh.-Sudu pasanum: Mal.-Waranganpulih.
Source.-Found fn arsenical ores as arsenates of iron,
nickel or cobalt; commercial arseniqus acid is obtained by
roasting the native ores, in the form of ct sublimate. The
metal arsenic is widely distribut~d in nature, but in small
quantities. With oxygen it forms arsenious acid.
Characters::-The- byaptoducf arsenioUs acid exists as a
sQlid, heavy, white, powder, or stratified masses or minute
transparent and glass-like crystals, tasteless, soluble in water
(1 in lOO), in boiling water (1, in HI), in glycerine (1 in 5),
very slightly in alcohul, in alkalies and .their carbonates and
in hydrochloric acid.
Action.-In very small doses, it is stomachic, general and
nervine tonic; alterative and antiperiodic; and a cardiac, respiratory, intestinal and sexual stimulant. Externaliy, irritant.
"Arsenic alters our constitution in Sllch a manner that our
vital resistance becomes capable of combating many diseases"
-(H. C: Sen).
Purification.-White arsenic is purified by being soaked
in lemon-juice or the juice of the plantain tree. Dr. H. C.
'Sen's method consists in boiling the powdered arsenic tied in
a cloth for about 3 hours in milk on a slow fire and subJpning
it in a closed vessel. This boIling in milk mitigates its action;
sublimation increases its penetratIng power.
Uses.-It, is used in a variety of diseases; but chiefly in
fever, either alone or combined with other substances. Some
physicians administer ghee containIng arsenic (sublimed or
atomised after being boiled in milk on a slow fire for a: long
time, so that the sublimate may be absorbed in the cream)
in gradually increasing doses from a minim to two with milk.
This preparation has better effect than that of the B. P. To
increase immunity from diseases arsenic is administered in
gradually increasing doses, generally in the beginning of
winter "i'r in the rainy season. To prevent' the cumulative
WITH AYURVEDIO, :UN:A:NI 'I!i'ROME"....REMEDIES
:Ut
action of the drug and also to soothe, its irritative effect a mild
purga~ive" genez:ally tpei infusion :of :the,1 three myrobaUms ,in\
purgative dbSe.s is taken ;during the course Of arsenic. Du"ring
the course plenty ,0{ fatty !food like milk, ghee, butter etc.,
should be taken. In cnronic liv.er complaints, in lienteric(
diarrho!!a,. a:rs,enic .jn mhll.,lte, doses is very useful. In very!
bad casE% of 'gia:rrhQea with anasarca, :minute' doses of arsenic
with opium, ,are. ~ C:l.dministe:red 'with, great henefit;, but salt!
and water are: stopped altogether until the patient is .fairly<:
convalescent-(H, C; s.en).. A preparation knoyvn as, Juarli.:-;
brahmastra prepared in cow's urine and in the juice of Celsia
coromandeliana (Kokdsima)_ and, 'pre~cribed ill "Tantroctah'"
(book) for recent and, chr:_onic fevers, ague and remittent;
fevers is administered, in :minute quantities (the weight of ID
mustard---,about one-ninth, of a grain) with a .lump. of sugar
in interrojttent fever before the paroxysm ,comes on" An-I
,other prepcn::ation .called Ddrubrahma:ra~a is. recomm"'nded 'In:
"Sankshipatasarah" (book); it, consists of white arsenic, cinmi-,
bar" datura seeds and long: pepper~ equal parts, 'made 'into
four-grain pills with .lemop. juice; they are given with the
juice of .ocimum sqnctum in remittent :fever with 'shivering,
incoherent speech or wandering, profuse' perspirC!tion or much;
heat of hody and difficult: breathing" 'Chandesvararasa is yeti
another preparation recommended 'by the same authority' andi
consisting of equal parts ~of mercury, sulphur, aconite, pre-'
pared copper and white arsenic,. prepared in the' juice of fresh
ginger and in the juice of Vitex' negundo, and, made into pills,>
about ,a, grain 'each and administered, with the juice of fresh,
ginger, Along with this medicine, inunction with oil,. cold,)
bathing and nourishing food should be used. In Malaria, Dr.
R. L, Puranik of Nanded (Deccan)' has, been using-concentra:ted
infusion of chiretta with Liquor Arsenica:lis: in :minim doses
and the 'preparations of lGulancha with great sUCCess, even
whei:~ quinine and neo-salvarsan have failed. Pills made of
Arsenic, suiphide of'mercury, chebulic inyrobalans and Trikatu
a,re used in malaria, anaemia" diabetes, psoriasis etc., in doses
of, 1 to 4 pills of 1 grain each, Three times a day after meals.
These were tried in 59 leases of malaria, in the out~'Patient's
J.)epa1;'tment of the. General Hospital, Madras, and "founa to De
1
1&
Useful in checking the a~tacks of malarial fever" -'(Ind. Drugs,

Rept. Madra), Dr., H. ;G. Sen says that "the use of arsenic..
(prepared in the Ayurvedic m~thod) 'With the three myro-,
balans (triphala) or. simply chebulic. myrobalans or any othep
mild purgative to prevent its cumulative action is sufficient
to save the villagers from ,dyspepsia or malaria. Arsenic'
when taken in large doses and .continued for a long time often
leads to emaciation and gastric and intestinal catarrh. As a
rUle it should Qe taken after meals. Enlarged lymphatic;
glands. often 'yield under its treatment. By its use obesity is .
cured. It is lJ.seful in .chorea occurring in delicate children,
in neuralgia of the. 5th ner.ve. intercostal neuralgia and that of
miasmatic origin., In neuralgias it should be combined with!'
quinine. and giv~n in large doses.. In: pulmonary 'phthisis, in
clu;-onic coryza, bronchit~s .acute and chronic, and in gastro-l
intestinal distur.banc~ assQ,ciated with diarrhoea, arsenic isc
highly useful. A preparation known as B,'ihat Kasturi~ .
Bhairab consisting of arsenic, gold and silver, musk and camphor, copper and mica, the dried seed of Mucuna pruriens and...
Pavonia.odorata, Embelia ribes, Cyperus rotundus and ginger,:
is I:ecommended in dyspnoea with fever, collapse, delirium
etc. It is very effectiye .in sloughing of the mouth, 'sore throat
aIJ,d cancrum .oris.. In. leucorrhoea. and. diabetes it has been'
found usefUl. In chrotiic diarrhoea in children minute doses
of arsenic judiciously used have given good results.
ExternaLLy it is used to remove large growths as cancer',
l::\nd ~upus; also used locally to kill vermins in the head and'.
Qther hairy parts. Cigarettes made of tissue paper impregnat"-'
~ with. the solution of arsenic are used with benefit in asthma.
~s a caustic, arsenic is applied to piles, A butter or oil of
ars~'!tic prepared by chuming a mixture of it and a paste i
mSlde of the roots of Calotropis gigentea and Nerium odorum.
is. used as, a .nervine tonic and aphrodisiac. It is useful iIf;
asthma, coiiga and seminal weaknesS; it is administered ill!
betel-leaves" by giving them .a. coating 'of the oil by means of,
a stick or probe. Dose of the oil 'is one-sixtieth of a grain.
A. ghee is prepared ,by .taking ~ dr, each of white arsenic and \ \
opium, and four ounces of Nerium odorum, finely powdering. .
and mixing them with '8 pound~ of ghee and heating the whole l
.'_
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI '& HOME REMEDIES
19
o;ver a fire for 4 hours_ and .filtering and- keeping, for. use when
required. Also an oil is prepared by powdering' seeds of
Abrus precatorius a.nd croton seeds, aconite and white arsenic,
all in equal parts, and mixing. them with goat's niilk and expressing oil out of the mass. This oil is kept for use when
required. These_ are useful as external medications in impotence etc. A few simple useful, remedies:-(1). Take of
So'mala. bhasma, (prepared by taking purified. arsenic and submitting it to a process of roasting) 1 gr. Borax 100 grs. Make
a paste in the. leaf juice of Azadirachta. indica. pose is. 10 to
20 grams; used i~ quartan fev~~. (2) Take of: Somala bhasma,
and Sulphide of Merclu:'y, each. 1, Anacyclus pyrethrum 5,
and Pistacia khinjuk 4 parts., Make a pill mal?s.with honey.
Dose is 3 .to .5 grains, Used in secondary or. tertiary syphilis.
(3) Take of S<:muilabhamna 1, Solanum jac9.uinii 20, lime juice
20 parts. Make a pill mass. Dose:is 1 grain;. used in syphI-;"
Htic rheumatism, cough and: asthma. (4) Take of Somalar
bhaS1]1a 1, Carbonate of Soda. 1, impure. carbonate of potash 1,
Piper longum, apd piper .nigrUni, each 5 parts', Dose is gr. i;
used in: asthma. (5) Take .of white. arsenic 1 grain and white
sugar 1,000 grains.. Mix, and powder them fine1y in a mortar;
dose is ,~ tQ 4; gr.<iins as alterative and anti-emetic-(Hakeem
Ahmed ud' qe~n__Saheb, Lahore).
During adminiStratiOn of arsenic, chillies, oil, -asafoetida

and other hot and spicy - things should- be avoided. ~,
sugar, .gliee, butter; grams and other nutritious substances
should be taken in Targe quantities.
11.
ARSENII DISULPH;IDUM; Bisulphuret of Arsenic;

ArsenicunI
~ubrum
(Sans.-Manashila. Eng.;-c-B.e;;llgar Qr Re:d 'orpiment;

Arsenic
disulphide., Port.-Rosalgar.
Fr.-Sulphure
rouged
arsenic.
Oer.-Arsen-sulphl,lr.
Arab.-;:-Zurneik
surkh.
Pers.-Yaranikhee
surkha.
'Hind.-La:1
Haratal; Lal
Sambal.
Ben.-Manaswila. Cuj. Mah. Kon.
&- Can.~ManasiL
Tam.-Kudire-palpashanam.
Mal.WaranganJ .is artificially prepared by fusing' arsenious -acid ~5
\2.0
- ... ~
1.~HE
.INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
'parts with sulphu_t 3 pants. Jt is, pu~ified by :being rubbed with

the. jUiC2 otlemo~ ot ,<;>f ging_er .. It is,lused as an alteratj,ve,
,febrifuge. and tonic, given 'in fever, cough, asthma .and skIn
diseases; in these last',it.'is used, also externally. _ Locally: it is
.applied to' fistulous .sores. In fever it. is generally used in
combination with mercury . orpiment etc.,. as in . the followjng:-ChC!-ndesvara rasa already m~ntioned. under "Arsenious
Acid" is recommended in Rasendrasarasangraha for remittent
fevers. Svasakuthara. Rasa, is another preparation mentioned
in the same, and consistihg. of realgar, mercury, sulphur, aco.nite, borax, black pepper, ginger and long. pepper, is recom-'
,mended in asthma with cough and in remittent fever with
cerebral complications. Dose is 4 grains in pill form. In
coma from remittent fever, these pills are powdered and used
as. a snuff to rouse the patient; also used similarly in cephalalgia, hemicrania, ozoena etc~ Realgar mixed with the ashes
of Achyranthes .aspera is applied to patches of leucoderma or white lepra. In leprous ulcers a liniment' composed of realgar .
and orpiment 2' parts each, black pepper 4 parts, 'sesamUID 011
20 parts and the juice of Calotropis gigentia 5 parts is recom;mended as application in Chakradatta. The, same recommends
Jor application to the eye, in affections of the internal tunics,
tumours or other growths, night blindness etc., a preparation
known as Chandraprabh(L Vq,rti, which is made of, l;"ealgar,
galena, conch-shell lime,. seeds of Moringa pterygosperma, long'
pepper, liquorice and the kernel of belleric myrobalan in equal
parts rubbed together with goat's milk, dried and made into
small pastils. These are rubbed with a little honey and applied to the eyes as a collyrium. Bhavaprakash recommends
an oil for application to fistulous sores; it is. prepared as, f01lows:-Take of sulphur, realgar and turmeric 8 tolas each,
mustard oil 1 seer, juice of datura leaves 1 seer & water 4
seers. Boil together in the usual way.
12. ARSENU TRISULPHIDUM (As 2 S3) or
Trisulphuret of Arsenic
(Sans. Mah.
&
Ben.-Haritala.
Eng.-Orpiment;
Yellow sulphuret of at-senic, Yellow Arsenic trisulphide. Hind.
WITH
AYUR~DIC;
UNANI &' HOME-nMEDI~S
21
& Duk:-Harata~a., Arab;'---'Ursaniguni~ PerS.-=-Zarneik-zard.

Qu,j._ArataL: Tam:t'.-:;--Arridar.ain; Yellikud 'pas;hanam. Teb
_DgddiRashanum; Can. ,& Kon,~Ardala. 'Burm:~Hsaydan. .
Shwayw.a, Sinh.-A~~dala) -is.,found native in' China and
Persia, Orpiment occu~sl.in two ,forms' vi.?" in smooth shining,
gold-colored scales called \ Vansapatri ,haritala and in fine
lemon' yellow opaque. ,mass.es .called Pinda._ haritala. Tl161
orm~J;' is' p:t;eferred for .internal, us~ as.. an a~terative. 'and febri ..
fuge. ,
}
ActiQti~-=-Fmmenagogue.
Hai'itala . is ,purified lon
internal administraJ;ion, by being 'successively boiled in
Kanjika, the, juice of th~ :ruit. of Benincasa .cerifera, sessamum
oil an,q a d~oction of 'the th:r~e mYi:obalans for three hours in "
each fluid; or, it ,ma~ ,be boiled in the mixture of 'all these.
fluids tog~they to s?ve tim~; as dorje by some physicians. The
dose of the purified QrpimE:int is, 2. "to, 4 g~ains. lU is, generally
known' q h,arit,a! ~h:asma'l ~,\s an antiperiodic and alterative
tonic; it is g~Yen to.ure, f~vers and SKin ,diseases; to increase'
strength and bea_uty i:md to' pr.olong life; also in incipient,
phthisis and, asthm;1; pa,raPlegia; hemiplegia, monoplegia, and,
facial p;n:alysis,. in cough,. chr:onic fever; gonorrhoea:, epilepsy',
d:n>p~y e.tc: H is generally used in, cQmbination with other ingredients.. Pills ',~Qwn ,as ,Ramban"Rasa composed of orpi-l
ment, sulphur; and i!safoet~da .ar,e. -recommended in: asthma and,
chronic sk;in ,diseases"as eczema; psoriasis. etc;; in"ddses..ot 1 to:
4 pills. of Qne grain ,each with ghee three' times a day after,
meals, ,"Thi~ pI;epar.atiqil, was administered to cases of asthma
and r:he'!1D)atism anp \Va~ foaiJ;"ly :p.:eileficial iI1 giying relief to"
the pati(i!llts .i:tt. those diseases'~--,(Jpd. :Q:t:_ugs :Rept.. , .Ma_dras) .
A p:t:epa~atioI1 ,C1'!~~d, ,Mab-.alakshmibi_l_(:L_s c9mpos~d of. mercury
and . sulphur, .arsev!c;, ~1;'9n, ,Il,lica,' _tilJ.,. ",~opper,' aCQ-:
nite_, caII;lph9r, :n\lt!Jl~g, mace ,and ::;e'ed_, Q',Gmelina: asiatica js.
recommende,d in 1{ay't_(; &- KaplJ,a. (asthrria):. Jt is given,.rubb~.
with b~telleaf juice. .Ill fey~rs ~t.'i~ l,lse,d in CQ~1:>inC:J.tion w.ith
mercury, aconit~ ~tc:.; Jor:- ~xample.,J;he 1leta_la:rdsa recoll}mend-:;
ed in Bhaisajya.l'~tl)avali,. is ,made of eq!l.aL paris ,0 purified,
m:rcl,l1;'y" .suJphlJI;; ()rpjql~l,lt, ,a.corii.te .l:mdJ bla(!k; p,epp_e.J:'i' these;:
pills of tWQ gliaips.r~<!~.h ~t~,given. with the'juic~, of fresh ginger
i.n :t::emitt~Jlt'fev~r._with .a.ff~!!tion; of ,the 'l?:t:qin. (l JnI ~nlargement:
22
THE :INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
of spleen and other abdominal viscera. Vidyadhara rasa 'des:'

cribed in .RasendrasaraSjingraha
recommended; it is made
up of mercury, sulphur, prepared copper, iron-pyrites, realgar
and orpiment in equal parts, rubbed together and then soaked'
in a decoction of long pepper and in the milky juice or Euphoroia nerifolia, and made into. pills of 6 grains each. These are:
givEn with .honey,. In chronic irregular fever With intestinal
worms and blood parasites, a preparation called Kitari' Riisa
consisting of realgar, mercury and sulphur, indrajav, bonjoWcillJ
and palash and juice of Luffa amara is given with the juice Df
Phaseolus roxburghii and sugar as vehiCle. For all sorts Dr
chronic skin d'iseases Bhavaprakasha prescribes, a compotlilCI
called Talakesari rasa which. is composed 6f orpiment, realgar,
iren pyrites~ mercury, borax and rock salt Dne part eacli, suI..'
phur and burnt cDnch shell two. parts each, rubbed' tegether
for a. day with lemen juice, then with aconite 1/30th part of the'
weight bf the whele mass; dose is 5 to 10 grains with butter;,
this sheuld. he fellewed by two. dtachms of'the powdered seeds
of Vernenia anthelmintica mixed with hDney and ghee. A
similar prescriptiDn is given in Sarangadhara under the name
Qf Mahatalesvara. A cure fDr leprosy has been advDcated by!
Pandit J. L. Duveji and it is trus:-"One ratti Dr half Df harifalJ
bhasma to. be taken daily with' beteL Oil ef Cepaiba sheuld;
also. be rubbed Dver the affected parts. This is it successfti]t
remedy. The patient should take: sweetmeats". As ani
external applicatien fer' skin: diseases, especially in psorIasiS'
Sarangadhara prEscribes a :pa.ste nYade ef orpiment, woed ef
Berberis aristata; seeds ef Raphanus sativus, woed ef Pinus'
deedara and befelleavi!s 'each two. tolas and burnt conch-sheiF
half a tDla, beaten, together with water irlte tl thin paste. Also
as a depilatory, erpiment forms.an ingredient ef several for-'
mulae for the' remDval) of hair: e.g., a paste made up Df cench.,
sheU;,lime (soaked in: the' juice 6f .piantai'n tree) and of orpi-'
ment in equai parts; or or conch-shell-lime two parts,. orpiment
and impure carbonate 'ot sdda one. part each and realgar half iil
par.t rubbed together. with water, boih Dr these are' recom-'
mended in Sarangadhara. Fbi' leprous ulcers a li7iiment madef
of orpiment and realgar 2 'jjatts each; black"pepper 4 parts,l
sessamum oil 20 parts and' the mIlky juiCe of Calotropis.
is
.'_
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME -ru:MEDIES
'23
gigentia ~ pl;l.rts, is useful. For:warts and corns the liqUor of

purified orpiment is applied, locally. In. cases .0 ringworm an
ointment made of harital 1. part and sweet oil 2. 'parts is useful
.for exterI\ql application. For suppurating scrofulous. glands
an oiL JP.Cide 'of yellow aIld red orpiment, marking nut, cardamoniS, Indian (i16es, ~dalwood, Valeriana hardwickii and
Jasmine each 1. part, Neem oil 40 parts and water 10'0 parts,
.boiled together ;and prepared.' in ,the~ usual way, is' a highly
useful application.
I
13. A~P~TUM
Sans:-Silajit; Silaras; Eng.,-Asphalt;' Mirieral pitCh;'
JeW's pitch. Hind. Guj. Mah. &' Can~-Silajita. Ben:.Silajatu. Arab.-Hajar-ul-inUsa. Pers.__;Morniai
Faqurul
Yahud. Hind.-Ral-ya'iutdi. Tam;~Perangyurri; Uerangyuw
Source.-Ejected out qf rocks: during hot, weather 'in the
lower Himalayas" Vindhya, :and other mountain tracts 'and
Nepal where :it<m abounds, naturally flowing out. from be~
ween the fissures.in the: rocks; .or it may be: a 'tan formed in
the eanth from the decomposition of vegetable substances.
"Large quantities are imported .into India from K:hatinandu
(Nepal). A white-yarie.tX ~"said to b~ .collec:t~!1 from rocks
MOl).:q.~. Abu '(~).Plltana)."---(Chopra).
'''1
Remarks.,-'IAlum earth of Nepal which. is sold in Cal'Cutta as white shilajit is ,quite a .different substance from, the
Silajit used :in the Hindu'Materia Medica.. A productl called.
'Momia' resembling Silajit, :is obtained ft:oni sOme' of; the
mountains in .~rllbia C\I\<;! r:>er~~a":-(C~oJ?ra).. .
.:
Varieties .and their Characters.,-"Four vatieties. of .sihijit
are' described by the ancient .J:1;indu: write:rs:,--{l) 'the. goJd
'silajit which_ls red;; (2) 'the, siLver silcijit which is white; (3) 'th~
-copper silajit which is .blue colo.tired; and'(4) .ir.Qn siLaj,itwhj.ch
is blackish brown. Blue ,ahd ,~d siljit ate, :n.ot fo.und co~
monly and the' yari~ty most available 1s th.e~ 1!9ur1;.h. yade.ty
which, from the- ;therapeUtic point of yiew, 'is C9.n.sigergd.:.J;_9
:be active".-;--;(Chopra's. ".I:D. .of I." p: 433}.
, :_ . .:. i
:ip
:24
:r .,
'fSilajit is a'bitummous 'suostance, 'which IS: a compact

lmass: of vegetable o"Iiganic matte~' composed' of dark-rea
!gummy (sticky imd, un~tuous). matrix interspersed with1vegetable fibres, sand and ,eatthy. matter:".-(Chopra).' ~Silajit IS
-0 a bitter taste and ,o~. a smen tesemblin~i' cOW'S stale urilie.
IThis is known as gomut1ira .sila:jit: The other Variety foufid
in ~e bazaars 'is called Kq_rpbdra Silajit whit!h occurs in white'
p14tes.l On ignitiUg, it leaves' a-,large quantity 01 ash consist_'
ing of lime, magnesia, silica and oxides of iron. :'j_1he 'black
variety is the one mostly__used..in..medicine, after purifying it
by certain processe~:_ ~"_P~.r~ed ~Si1~jit' (Shodhita) is just
like the concentrated 'watery' extract of the crude stuff. Both
~the' ~rud~, and -puliwed s<pnp'~es: hqv~"a decide<;l :LfrinQus odour
,and ,slightly hitter, salin~, s\)m~whq~ pun:gentr and, ~tringent
Ja&te. The, P4rmed s,ubstanc~ is .n~l'!rly,co!llpl~teJy solub,l~ in
_water. and,,1;l,as an acid, r.ea~ti.<?n"'7(~hoPlia). '
. ~
Constituents.-"The gummy substance of silajit dissdlves
and when'washed away leaveS' an" 'earthy matter ~
vegetable; fibres 'and a' few black rouna button-like' ma:sses;
(lfSth irickin ~:liam.) resembling peas, 'The 'insoluble matter
-is removed, by straining through, 'a thiCK: cloth Or .flcinn:el. The
fluid'is"'allowecl to stand, in the, Sun' when a crea:my substan:te
trises to the top":-'...,(Chopl'a:). '
1,'
.- ( "Sila:]it contains arl. all 'which when distilled is known as
ichthyol. Benzoic acid and benzoates ~whi'ch are present 'in
-sifajit'iri large quantities are considered 'by Chopra to be the
'main, active priilciples.- ''Iuiy' (1930) is of opinio:d that tliere
hnust' be some other. ~a~trve prinCiple" Or some unknown: body
'l:)I-; pyridin derivat'ive, in:' si1ajit.l?~(Chopra).
r
It contains' liS' p.c~ ~f urea. .An~lYsed by 'Hooper ft' y'[~rd;_
ed:-water S.85 p.c., organic matter' 56.2tr 'p:c., and mIneraI
lrnatter:'34.95 p.c.' containing.. nitrogen. l;(}3 j lime', 7:S0, potash
''9;07\ pliosphoric acia 0.16 .and. Silica: 1.35 p.c. It dissolves in
swater 'and .is neuttal-in. reaction. "The organIC matter' yi~ld;..
ed, to rspirit a small percentage of brownish..coloured wax-1ike
'substance . Which melted Jon heating and' 'burnt -away With_:-a
(smbky Ramel It retained the peculiar. 'odollr'(:> the: drug ,and
had no marked taste. It was neutral in reactIoh and did not
in. water
:assume:a cxiystalline stru'cture'wfien ~carefu:llY' evapbtated' fro'm

alcoholic solution. The tests would indicate thepresence of'
ro,iner.al ,hy.drocarbo,J;l 'of fl: ,bitu~IiQ1l.,s !J;attil:e.: ,The bulk of
the dark bro~ organic matter had tb~ pr,.op~rties of huniic
acid. The drug, from a chemical point of view, should have
some valuable manurhil properties')'.-(Chopra's "1.D. of 1."
'p. '434):' ~ . ,')
The results of samples analysed by Chopra and 'his coworkers are as follows~':__
White SiZajit:-A sample of white silajit, which is considered to be more effective than the black' variety, W?S also
examined by Chopra, iIt was a cream-colour:ed _cr~stalline
with a .strong nauseQus odour. It. yra!? app~r~Iltiy of "animal
origin and afforded g~'eous ammonia when 'mixed -with :slaked
iilrte.' It'Yi'elded -6,4r per C~ht. btf'IlU~e u~a 'When td~termined
from the' arilount' of nitrogen giverr'''off';y rrteails Of 'hypoev~porat.:;
bromite' 6f'sodiuin, 1{appecu'ed 'to -be' 'crude ~r'ea~ time iIi a. solid state:'. f'- _
' ,r
"
I
or
,rr -.-
" ' , ..
in,
'T
t,..
A careful a:nalysis of the orqiriary silajit.I was

carried out
_.
,
by the author' aI}d_ his. ,cq-workers. ,It,. does Ilqt contain any,
compouh'd Of the nature of an alkJloid. The followmg tabl~
shows the percentage of dried extracts ~fter disfiiling' off the
solvent. 'J'
:-
1 " ' ' ' ' - . f"
Solvent
-,
'.'
'j,"
,.,~
t'
,- . ~. Crude silajit
Purified silajit
I pmount dissolved
c amo~nt. ,dissRlved
t",
in Per cent.
in per c~l}t.
_,
2.15 I?et;. cen~'1 " .- 5..88 pe~ cent. ,(cryst.)
.
1,12"
1.37 "
l'
,",'
29.25"
30.81 ,; "
'(cryst.)
."."
22.66"
28.32., I, _ "
l
Chloroform
Ethyl.acetate
Alcch9~ .(80 per cent.)
Water'
"
"
."
If
..... --
Both the alcohol~c extracts crystallised after. .several days

and were found to .c9);ltain benzoic OjlC.id;, th~ ash left. after
ignitio:Q., showed the .p;r;esence of a larger q4-!;lntit~, o:f~ lime.
The crystals under the) microscope looked like those ,of calcium'-benzoate. The: ethyl acetate extract was crystalllne in
nat~lI:e:._- ~It-.cotit?iiied':a' substance soluble::in :~dctlhol and parti.,
ally soht'ble'in_hot water,. but practically, msoluble in. ethEl'r
and chloroform .. The. crystals .had 'a melting 'point,"oLl8'i o C
,26
THE INDIAN MA1'$R.IA MEDICA-
and were identified by nrrther examination to be ihose' ,of

h.ippuric acid.
The 'result of the analysis show; that sU,ajit Is comp<>soo
l)"f the following substances:
Orgt;Lnic Constituent.s
Moisture
Benzcic acid
Hippuric acid
Fatty acids
_~.
-Resin and waxy matt:r
Gums .'
Albuininoids
Vegetable matter; sand, etc:
Purified Silajit
per cent.
29.03
8.58
Crude. silajit
per cent.
.12.54-'
. .6:~
5.53
6.13
1,36~
2.M
.'
3.28
2.44
17.32
16,12
. 2.15
il5.59
i9.!il
"
28.52
M!?istllre was .determined1;>y: drying the isubstanc;e in- the

.steam ()ve,n a,t a te~perature :~ot ~xceedtp.g ~9G.' ~\bu~
_minoids were calculated from the tot~l ni~mgen,. dete:nnined .
by Kjeldhal's process (modified) after dedu~ting ,the pt~n:_e:Qtr
age .of nitrogen in tlle hippuric acid present.
. " Th~ rcineral constituents, as 'Obtained h:om. the ash by,
incineration of the, substance' at' a dull x~ he~~; are .also .ap:
pended 'in ~he fo1io:win~ table:J
Crude silajit
per cent.
Moisture 12.54
Loss on igriitio~
64.58
ASh
22.88
Silica (residue insoluble -in HCI)
4.60'
Iron (Fe 2 0 3 )
0.51
Alumina (A1 2 03)
2.26
Lime (CaO)
6.83
Magnesia (MgO)
1.29
Potash (K 2 oy
4.60
Sulphuric acid (SOi)
0.64
Chloride (NaCl)
0.26
:Phosphoric acid (P2 0 5 )
0;28'
Nitrogen
~.64
Pure .silajit
per cent.
29.03
52.63
]8.34
2'.69
0.64
2.61
4.82
1.2'0,
3.81
0:97
0.57
0,24
ik36)
From a compaiison of the above results; it appears that

:there is not much difference between the crude and: the pudfied silajit. The crude stuff leaves _a residue after extraction
WITH A y'(JRYEDIC, UNANI ,& HOME' ,REMEDIES
27
with wat~r 'which amo.unts to about 30 per cent" whereas the

residue in th~ pu!ifi~. dr.ug is only about 2/3 'Per .cent_ rrhis
play lead one to suppose that the pu:rified silajit ,contains more
~xtractives than the. crude fo~m.. This would have be:en the
case were ~t not for the fact that the high ,percentage of mOIsture in the purified su\;>stance. countez:-balanced !th~ insoluple
matter in the crude stuff. The maIn pOInt of 'differenc~ between the varieties: i!?' that the chlorof()rm.:and ethyl acetate
~xtracts .of the purified substance deposit crystals of benzo'ic
and hippuric acids, but there are none in ,similar e~fracts made
from ~he' crude. silajit. It would, appear, ~herefore, -that a
pprtion. of the ltenzoic and hi:Rpuric acids rem~s free in the
purified silajit. .Pr.obably the salts of the. benzoic ~and hippuric acids. In the..crude silajit are. hydrolySed during the process. of pU);ification..
From. the physical characteristiCs imd, from a microscopical
examinaUon. of ,the ~sidue left aft!'!r. extraction with waterj'
which wasLm~j,n.ly. compqsed of sand, ea:dhy. matter and vege..
table fibres, sHajit would appear, to be ,a substance: of vegetable origin. Its chemical. composition, .however, -shows the
presence of. hippuric ,acid a~d a. high percentage of. albuminoi.ds, which makes this supposition doubtfuL If hippuric
acid is 'fonned from the H~cQmp_Osition and decay of .vegetable
protein substances Without animal intervention, the amount
of proteins must be in unusually higher proportions than is
ordina:r:ily met with in. the; v.egetable, kingqom. It.is well..
,kn0WI;l t}lat b~U:zok .acid can b_e easily :formed .from hippuric
~cid, in .fllct this is one of ,the -comnierciaLme:iliods of its manu..;
facture; It is, fUl:the:n found that benzoic; acid manufactured
from_ hippuric acid. pos&esses .a, decided 'uritious odour. and we
have alr~_ady mentioned. :that, the cr.ude. and the. purified silajit
:poss~~ this gdo:ur.. . The. pre~ehce of gum and resin is also a
point. in favoull of _its vegetable odgin'. The other possibility
is that silajit_ may .he. composec,i, Qf the excr;t~ments of some
animals: which have been washed off by the _rains from the
pill-side and have. .been d~posiled in theJcrevic.es_aiid_low.-lying
:J:Qcks.. During:,the 'Sumiher. the heat .of the sun .remoyes jth~
moisture. andJeav'es jhe .residue. :like.an. exudation~ on. -the .rockl
28
'r
THE JNDIAN MA'rERlit:::MEDICA'
TIle .whole of. the subject of the production of snajl! 'requires

further investigation... ~Ch~pra_"fI:~;'~()_ I.'~ '!Jp. 434 to 4~6'). '
,
Act'ion;-Locally' ~tisepHc) "anodyne, parasitici~~ and
antiphlogistic. Internalr. alterative? toni< ~lightly, laxativ~:'
chQlagogue, re,spirjltory stimulant, dlsinfectant and expector-.
antI iritestii:uil antiseptic, diureti<}',and lithontr~ptic.
Uses;~haraka says "11hereds hardly any curable disease
wbich cannot be controlJed or cured. with .the aid of .8ilajit",
It .is used -by Kavirajas .and Hakim'S 'in:a great~.' variety' 0:
diseaSes. ..If .is. spe~ially employed in g~nito-urinary disease~
arid in diabetes; in .gall ,stones, j~undice, enlarged spleen, fer-~
mentative dyspepsia~. 'iWormS, digesti~e troubles,~ .piles, adlpos:o,'
itY',.;Tanasarca, :renal stone; renal ,an:d 'bladder 'calculI, anuria
etc., hysteria, neurasthenia, epilepsy and .insanity, :nervous
diseases; amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea and m<morrhagia;
scrofula, tuberculosis, phthisis and leprosy; eczema, 'elephantiasis, anaemia, anorexia, biliary congestion, chron'ic bronchitis, asthma, .frac,ttire of bones' etc.;. in diabetes in which it
re'guces the quantity of sugar and 'urine. But it i'lJ-creiLseS' the
quantity 'of urea; therefore,. it! should never ,be given in uric
acid calcul.us. iIt, diminishes phosphaturia ,and is useful in:
phospl).atic concretions. It jSLalso 'useful in ascites, uraemia;
cholaemia and, the like; It is,'valuable in. cases of diabetio
albuminuria, where. both casts an'd album:in diminIsh; it is said
to be a cure. fOli diabetic amaurosis,. "Under :the influence of>
silajit, thirst, polyuria, burning sensation and e~haustion disappe\r' ,quickly... It'markedly helps' the' assimilation of sugar.,
Kavirajas use silajit in .combination: with milk or grape juice";
.+-(Chopra). An extract is m:ade, from: crude Silajit by: making an emulsion of it 'With hot. water 'and 'repeatedlY' ,expo-smi
the_1emulSion to the :sun. A cream floats .on~the surface and:
it is removed and collected, The process is continued as long
as .'any cream rises, The, ex:tract of silujit. thus collected- .is
sun-dried and then pU'rified by being soaked in a deCoction of
tr.iphala. and' dashamu.la. "PurIfied silajit is,also recohmiended
to b soaked in the decoctions of on,!:! or m0re"of .the following
plants. as this us said to-increase its efficacy:,=-Shorea,Tobusta::,
Buchana'nia latifoH:a; Terminalia tomentoSa; Ac~iil 'iarnesiana:;c
WITH
.A,1);"'(JR,VEDI~,
JlNANI
~,,llOM.E:
REMEDIES
29
Ca.tchu .nigr~m; TerIl1irt~l!a, ~hebj.lla; and Sjda... co:r;difolia".-=

:hopra). Hi is a :powerful .topic au.d alterative useful jn, a
variety qf <lisE.!p_&e.;?" "Pose of this purified product is 5 grains
taken al? piJls-one. piU. tq .be taken 10 minutes after f06d,
followed "Qy an ounce br two Qf milk'\-(Andhta .M.edical
Journal).. Bltt it is generaHy begun wit.h 1 grain .or so, and
gr~dual{y. in~e~seq.., Dr:., KQmal)., s~ys that. he had used this
medicin~ with Abhrak bhQ-J3fr1,a, .in two cases of diabetes (22
grains o(glgar to the Qunce .and S6 grains to the ounce) ;and
the sug~ (;l.,isilP:p~.ared completely a_fter about :3' We.eks' .tJ;eat-;
.ment, the accompapytng symptoms such a_s e}!:cessive flow of
.urineJ thirst, neuriti~ of l~gs etc.; having also &ubsided, to a
consid~rab~e. ex.tent. Both the patients w~re on milk ~d
bread diet~ f,Ie a)sq adds that a .few years ago he '''saw ~ cas~
of chIionic cystitis' qeriving much heriefi~ frQm. the use of
,Silaj.it~. whi!!h was admini.st~red QY an Unani physicJan" .,(1nd. 1)rugs ~~pqrt, MadrasJ.. $ilajit is used as, a past? ~d
bhlJsma,; t9 prepare paste, .ffiqcerat.1? $i~ajit m the juice of
Margosa leaves, gy,lap,cb,a and. ghee; and to p);ep.al'e qhasma,
take S.ilajit an,d ~ulphlJr' 20 parts each and orpime.ot, 1Q parts,
mix together:, triturate ip: the jl.l,ice o bijorun and ropst. Pose
is 1 to 2 grains. B.hasma is given in retention of ul1ine, scalding due t9 .grayel, ,~O:riQrrhoea~ leu,corrhoea, also in cough,
diabetes, consumption, etc. As a tonic it is give~ -in anaemia
and general debility; as ~bortifacient it causes uterine contractions and promotes expulsion of the foetus. As an anthel.
~tic, its s'!+PpQsitories are used to remove ascarides from
the rectum. "It is -also used as an antiseptic in parasitic
diseases of the skin and as an antiphlogistic. Unani physicians used it. as an antidote to poisons and. in the treatment
of other diseases. Hakims use 'Momia' as an external application for .i1).fll'!-mmqtory swellings, arthritis, etc."...,.,-(Chopra).
Paste ,is locally applied to relieve rheumatic pains in joints;
used as an embrocation in par~lysis, contusions etc.; also in
sprains and bruises. "When applied externally, silajit has
.been, cr.edited with antiseptic, parasiticidal, anodyne and antiphlogistic properties by Kavirajas; these are in all probability
due to the free benr;qic acid which' it contains. It is wellknown that benzoic acid which i_n ~oncentrations .of oyer 0..1,
so
THE lNDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
per :cent, produces moderate local irritation, may in this' way

be useful as an applic,tion to sprain~ and bruiSed parts.
Benzoic acid is also r"esponsible for 'the beneficial action of
silajit on the appetite and its use in dyspepsia. Its good
effects in affections of the liver such as jaundice, its mild
narcotic action, its antispasmodic effects in colics of all forms
and spasms ot muscular tubes and asthma may also be attri-;
buted to the presence of this acid and its salts. Silajit is used
by the Hindu physicians in acute and chronic bronchitis and
benzoic acid and benzoates are administered in these condl..:.
tions ill the Western medicine, especially for children and to
old feeble persons with profuse thin secretion. It undoo:bt.:.'
edly promotes expectoration, probably reflexly, by causing
irritation of the throat aIia. stomach. The Vaidyas prescribe
silajit in arthritIs and pulmonary tuberculosis; 30 years ago),
benzoic acid and its salts enjoyed a reputation iIi the 'Western
medicine as a remedy for these conditions, but are 'given up'.
The indigenous practitionerS alSo used silajit as a diuretic and
lithontriptic.. Similar properties were attributed to benzoic
acid in Western medicine. It will be seen, therefore, that
most of the p:ropert~es ascribed to silajit can be explained by
the presence of benzoIc acid an.d benzoates, which are present
in it in large, ,quantities and which Chopra considers are the
main active principles Of silajit.", (Chopra's "LD. or Li~
pp. 437-438). Internally silajit is very 'useful ,in chronic
dyspepsia, ahd dyspeptic diarrhoea, given with the decoction
of eineolic myrobalansl in biliary colic and jaundice with the
decoction of the. three rriyrobaians (triphala) or of dasamuld.
In dyspepsia due to hepatic derangement, silajit is used in com.:.
bination with other cholagogues~ In the' first stage of ascit~s
it is used ",fih iron-rust together with m:ilk diet; salt and wate1"
is stopped altogether. Rice and 'milk boiled together into gruel
is a good dietary in cominencing cIrrhosis ofthe liver of adtiltJ..
In the firSt stage of infantile cirrhosis silajit is used
with other cholagogues like the juice of the leaves of
Andrographis paniculata, of Ccijanus indicus or of Nyc L
tanthes arbor-tristic. tn false angina pectoris even during the
a'bsence of paroxysms it is recommended. It is very useful iIi
acute and chronic bronchitis and in bronchiectasis, in asthm
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNA:NI &: HOME'REMEDIES
31'
with bad liver and indigestion, in the asthma of g~uiy peopie.

in pulmonary phthisis, in diabetic' 'phthisIs and in Intestinal tuberculosis. IIi sexual weakness it is generally administered, with Asvagandha, in spermatorrhoea with grape
juice or infusiun of the three 'riiyrobalans (triphdZa); in chroniC
gonorrhoea and gleet, with prepared oxi'des of tin, 'lead, silver
etc. It can also be us~d alone With: much benefit'. In func
tional menorrhagia complicated with: biliousness and hepatic
derangement it is commonly gl.ven with the decoction of em..;
blie myrobalans, 01: combined with astrlngent drugs like ca":
techu, flowers of W oodfoi'dia floribunda or syrup of the corm
of red lily~ In leucorrhoea from debility it is given with milk
or with: 'astringents. In strangury or painful micturition Silafit
is used with other diuretics and demulcents like the decoctioti
of Tribulus terrestris, Glycyrrhiza glabra etc. In albumi..:
nuria. and chyluria'it is beneficial with the decoction of astrin
gents like cateChu, Shorea' robusta, juice of leaves of Cajamis
indicus, or of garlic. In hysteria it is generally used with in'
fusion of Valeriana' jatamansi or decoction of Alhagl'Mouro.
rum and in insanity with the infusion of the three myrobalans'
(triphala) or decoction of dasamula.-(H. C. Sen). As an alterative tonic it is used in combination with iron as in the following confection called Yogaraja mentioned in Chakradatta.
It is mad,e of Silajituf pr7pared iron, iron pyrites and' silver
each 5,' parts, the three myrobalans, ginger, black pepper and'
long, pepper, plumbago root and baberang seeds each 1 part,
and, sugar: 8. parts;.,a~l powdered, mixed: and made into a confection with honey. Dose is about half a tola; used in anaemia"
jaundice, consumption, chron,i,c fever, ~kin, diseases, urinary
diseases, p'~les etc.' A pill mad~ of SiZajit ~ parts, Tribulus<
terrestris 5 ~arts and hqp.e,y 2 l?arts.is used, in urinary: diseases,)
scanty urine, cystitis etc. Dose, is 10 to 15 _grains. A i>owder
call~ Pachanlibheaa, ChurniL made of C9,ual p~rts of Silaji~"
Carbonate of iron and. '1ime, long pepper, Trichpsanthes
cuc\imerrna, 'is us~d in gonorrhoea, leuc9r;hoe~ and other mu-,
COllS discharges.
Dose' is 10' fo 15 grains, Dr. "II. C. Sen
concludes that Silajit should be tried extensively in obesity,
dia:betes, dyspepsia, anasarca, entargerrient of liver <.IDd
spleen, painful and bleeding' piles, asthma; strangury, Tenali
32.
'{HE INDIAN MATERIA MEPICA
~iseases ClI!d .functional~ ut~ri.n.e\ t~o1,lbl~&;_ .that4 Go_ntinued .USe'

of this remedy appears to remoye the tendency to formatiQIl:of renal and biliary calchli;, that H is, far better and safer thrut
morphia injection ~in ,bil~ary colic;, .B.ecause morphia relieves
temporarily" but sjlajit ,r:::ures per.manent1y, and morphia does
h~rm ~o t~e liyer in, thl? lo:p.g ;rqJ;l; :Qy ~t9ppil1g the secretiorr,j
whereas Si~aji"t ,is a "v~IUilb~e !;holagogue and laXative'')
"ChoP.J:a'~ trial of J?urifiefl_ ;si!aj_it) "!Jy "itsel~ (in pill form) 'till 'a'
max:i~uI?- of ~o ,graips' a day during .24 hqurs,. in a series of,
~ases of dia_be.tes melli~us, 'a!1p. ,dQses ra,nging from 5 grainsi
to 10 grains, three ti~nE!s a day, f()r a period of 8 to 12 days.,
~, <!- ~e:ries, _o~ ~~ q~a~~~~<;::_:p~.ti~I\t~J _h~s:_l nQ. effes.t = :Whal..,
ever either on the. blo.od ' sugar or sugar ,in the
ui~e. 'l)lerE;! was n\) dec:r:e~se !n ,th~ total q~antitY' of ther
y.~ine ;passed, and there was ho arri.~lioratj9n of such symp-'
tt;_>ms as thir:st, exhau~tipn etc. 1'he' ~si?imilation, of carb~
pydrates was,. I1qt iplpr9ved in ~y way! ,Ray (1930) :has\
sho,:,"n ~hat injections of, extrCicts of silajit ,produce a rise in:
t>lpo<;l pressure and stimulation of ,respi:r:<.ltiQn in e;"perimental
animals" .-(Chopra's "LD. of I." pp. 437-438).
14. AURUM
Sarts..:--Suvarna. Eng.-Gold. Fr. & Ge'r.~Geld. Arab.

7-"Ziiliab. Pers;---,-Zara rita. Hind.. & Mah.-Sona. Guj.-'
Sonum. B.e.n.-Son,a:r:. Tam.-Ponnu. Xel.-Bangaroo. Mal .
.,-Tangam. Can.-Hondu; Chinna. Kon.-Bhangara. Sinh;Ran-ta-hadU. Bur'm.:-Shue~saku.
Source.-Found in primitive rocks, in aluvial deposits it}.
small partiCles called gold dust. It is found' commonly alloyed with other metals such
iilvert copper, iron, etc.
as
Characters.-Pure gold has a metallic lustre, reddish

yellow colour; it is the most ductil~ of all metals, softer than'
silver. It acquires lustre under pressure. It is not attacked
by any acid except selenic acid and a mixture of which like
nitro-hydrochloric acid, contains nascent chlorine.
Preparations.-Gold leaf and gold ashes. Dose: of the
~o~c:i leaf 1/30 tQ 1/1? wain; ?f the powder 1/6 to 1/3 grain,;
33
of the bhasma 1/10 to 1/4 grain. Gold leaf (Sona vardk) is,
prepared by beating gold into extremely thin leaves. Gold
powder or ashes (Sona bhasma) is prepared by rubbing together two parts of mercury and 1 part of leaf gold mto a
lllass with lemon-juice; placing it in a crucible with three
parts of sulphur. The crucible is then covered and exposed
to heat. This process is repeated 14 times when the gold
completely loses its metallic character, and becomes reduced
to a dark brown 'impalpable powder. This process is, advocated by Kaviraj Binod Lal Sen. But according to books gold
should be .rubbed with mercury only the first time and ill
roasting it afterwards sulphur alone should be placed in the
crucible with the gold.-(U. C. Dutt).
Action.-Gold and its preparations are nervine and
aphrodisiac tonic, re,solvant, emmenagogue and alterative,
They increase strength and beauty, improve intellect and
memory, clear the vo~ce and increase sexual powers; also
stimulate the activity of the stomach, and of the skin an,d
kidneys ca.using diaphoresis ahd diuresis. They also increase
the flow of menses in women. In large doses, they act like
irritant poison setting up gastro-enteritis with convulsions,
cramps, insensibility etc. The antidotes are egg albumen,.
milk, flour etc.
Uses.-Preparations of properly reduced gold are used

in fevers, consumption, insanity~ diseases of the nervous' system and urinarY. organs, hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, asthma,
nervous dyspepsia, amenorrhoea, impotence, sterility, habitual
abortion, chronic Bright's disease, chronic metritis, syphilis
and scrofula. Gold leaf is generally eaten with betel leaf;
when given in the juice of Eclipti:l prostrata, it stimulateS' virilepowers and acts as alterative; with the juice of Ayapana or
juice of garlic or juice of Cactus grandiflorus it is given in
tuberculosis; when given with Punarnava it improves the
sight. In case of poisoning it is' given with the juice of
Nirbishi (Ayapana-the sensitive plant), in insanity, with the
powder of dry ginger, round' pepper and cloves; as a rejuvenator with butter or ghee or cream of milk; as an aphrodisiac
with milk and sugar or candy powder; as a memory invigo-
34
'rHE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
rator, with sweet flag; for lustre of health, with saffron; for
heart-disease with mn~ an-d park of T~rIllinalia arjuna and
cane sugar. Suvarna, Vasanta, Malti, a preparation containing
leaf-gold, pearl, red sulphide of mer.cury, zinc carbonate and
black pepper is used in impoten-ce, chronic fevers, gonorrhoea,
syphilis ~tc.; dose is .2 to 5 grains in pill form mixed with
honey. RasendrasHrasangraha recommends a pill known as
Jayamangal~ Rasa
which contains besides gold, sublimed
mercu:ry, cinnabar, prep:ared copper, tin, sulphur, borax, prepared iron and silver" irQn pyrites etc. Dose is 4 grains. It
is taken with cumin ~eed powder and honey; useful in old
chroni~ fevers of all sortsi it is a powerful tonic and alterative,
administered with suitable adjunc:ts in many diseases.. IIi the
same book is recommended a powder called Mriganka R,asa,
which consists of mercury, prepared gold, sulphur, pearls .
and borax; it is administered in doses of one to four grain~
with about twenty grains of black pepper powder, in phthisis.
Two other preparations named Pottali Hemagarbha Rasa and
Ratnagarbha pottali Rasa which are used in this disease are
made up of the same Ingredients but in varying proportions.
Suvarna Parpati is another preparation, which is composed
of mercury, gold and sulphur and used 1ike Rasa parpati in bchronic diarrhoea and anasarca. Milk dfet is enjoined and
water and salt are prohibited. Dose is grains two gradually
increased to ten jh the course of 21 days, to be again gradually
reduced, to the original dpse of two grains in another thr:ee
weeks. Another prepa,ration used in the same diseases is
Vijayaparpati wh~ch contains diamond, P!'!arls, silver,. copper
and talc in qddition to gold, sulphur and nfercJlry.
Prepared gold in doses of two grains daily with the addition of honey, ghee and emeblic mYl:obalan; or root of Acorus
calamus: is recommended tQ be taken for a. lengthened period
-(Sandehabhanjanee). It is also given to feeble infants in
a few days after birtp, as! it imparts strength and beauty, in
the following compo~ition:-Take of powdered gold, root of
~corus calcwlUs. and .Aplotaxis a:uriculata, Chebulic myrobalans and leaves of Herp.estes :rnonniera equal par.ts; poWdeJ:i
and mix. Dose is' two grains with honey .and ghee. The
35
principal alterative tonic of the Ayurvedic physicians is a

.
well known preparation called Makaradhwaja.
15. MAKARADHWAJA
(See:---":"Hydrargyrum" also)
Source.-"This is an inorganic preparation of the Hindu
Pharmacopoeia from the time of Bhav~misra the renowped
Bindu physician, of the 16th century."l
Characters.-"It is claimed by the Vaidyas that 'Makaradhwaja' is not ordinary red sulphide of mercury but is a combination of sulphide of mercury With gold. This gold is not
in a chemically combined condition but its presence in a
very roe state of diviSion a1ters the 'property of the drug to a
considerable extent."2 "According to Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia a great deal depends on the method for preparation
adopted. Various methods have been described in books on
Hindu medicine".-(Chopra).
Mode of Preparafion.-"8 Parts of pure mercury and
1 part of gold leaf are mixed together to form an amalgam.
To this mixture! 16 parts of sublimed sulphur are added and
the resulting mixture is rubbed very thoroughly in a stfme
mortar for 24 hours or more until the whole is conve:t:ted into
a lustreless, fine, impalpable powder of uniform consistence.
This powder should be light enough to float on water and
there should be absolutely no lumps or grit in it when rubbed
between the fingers. This is known as 'kajjali' in Sanskrit
and its chemical composition is said to be the same as black
sulphide of mercury. This preparation forms the basis for
the 'makaradhwaja'. The 'kajjali' IS placed in a narrowmouthed bottle and is gradually heated on a sand bath. When
the temperature reaches a certain limit the bottle is filled
with reddish fumes of various hues. On cooling, 'makaradhwaja' is found deposited on the inner surface of the bottle.
The sublimed powder. .is' 'collected by breaking the neck of the
hottle and scraping; off the deposit, which is then preserved ih
a clean dry 'vessel for future, use".,-(Chopra).3
36:
Composition.~Chemic"ally 'makaradhwaja' is identical:

with the red sulphide qf mercury. This sulphide occurs in
nature as the mineral ore called 'cinnabar' in many parts of
the world, particularly in California, China and Spain.4 For
further particulars see "hydrargyrum".
Constituents.-"Although gold is used in the preparation

of 'makaradhwaja', properly speaking it is a preparation of
mercury and' sulphur, sublimed in the form of red sulphide
as in the preparation of mercury called 'Rasasindura'; the
gold may possibly exercise some catalytic influence during the
process of sublimation".-(Chopra).
Purification.-" A great deal of stress has been iaid by
the Hindu physicians on the purification of mercury employed for the preparation of this drug. The mercury used has
to be passed through variolJ.s methods of purific;ation laid
down in the Ayurvedic books, before it can be accepted for
use. These processes are known as 'Sodhana', and are very
tedious and complicated."5 "Mode:t;n chemical methops of
purification are preferable to the old 'Sodhana' processes".(Chopra).
Action.-" 'lVfakaradn,waja' and other sulphides of mer- ~
cury in a fin.e state of division undergo solution in 5 c.c. of a
0.2 per cent solution of, HCI at, 100F. in an hour. This is also
true when these sulphides are digested with filtered gastric
JUIce obtained artificially frorp a healthy patient. If sulphide
of mercury is broken up ip. this. manner by the' acid of th~
gastric juice, it is likely that absorption will take place.(Ghosh). Experiments. on animals have shown that 'Makaradhwaja' is not absorbed either from the stOl;nach or from the
small intestines. It is, however, likely that yery minute quantities are absorbed and excreted and the ordinary chemical
tests are-jnot' sensitive enough to detect its presence. Further
investigations with improved methods of identification of mercury are, therefore, clllled fQr.
"Excretion of 'Makaradhwaja' in urine of healthy, young
men who were under strict control, was studied by a new analytical method of Booth, Schreiber and Zwick (1926), and no
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME' REMEDIES
31
traces of mercury were detected. Excretion of 'Makaradhwaja'

in stools is' also being studied by the same analytical method,
and the results have to be ,called for from the Tropical School
Indian Medicine, Calcutta."6
"Recent work (:upto 1932) has shown that the mercury ion
in a high state of dilution has a definite stimuiant action on
animal tissues. One in one mission of mercuric chloride added to the perfusate distinctly stimulated the isolated, mammalian heart and increased its force of contraction. It is, therefore, likely that if absorption does take place in very small
quantities, 'Makaradhwaja' would :produce a stimulant action
on the heart."7
"It is quite possible that in 'Makaradhwaja' we have an
insoluble preparation which by action of the gastro-intestinal
juices is rendered absorbable to ill.lch an extent that minute
quantities of mercury ions sufficient for stimulation of the
tissues and no more, are ,taken into the system and are acting
on the tissues".-(Chopra).8
Administration & Uses.-" 'Makaradhwaja: is seldom used
aLone. In the majoiity of cases, it is mixed with varlous drugs
called (anupana' or a'djuvants. In cases of indigestion and
diarrhoeal 'Makaradhwaja' is mixed with, powdered Aegle marmelos fruit; for fever and cough it is given with the juice of
ginger, pepper, betel leaves l and leaves of Ocinum virl,de; in
heart disease, it is combined with musk. In the absence of
proper 'anupana' (adjuvant), honey may be used in every
case".9 "The usual procedure is to take a dgse (approximately
one grain) ,of 'Makaradhwaja' daily with 60 drops of the 'anupana' or honey or other suitable adjuncts, and rub It for
someti:::He in a stone mortar before administration",Hl and given
in general a~d nervous debility, in convalescent patients after
acute illness, brain fatigue from excessive mental work,
habitual constipation, womb complaint~ after delivery, spermatorrhoea etc. "This., may be used both for ~dults and
children, the dosage being regulated according to age."ll
. Mixed with some stImulant drugs, viz: camphor, nutmeg,
black pepper and cloves each 4 parts and musk 1/16 part to
38
every part of Makaradhwaja, it is used, as an aphrodisiac

under the name of Chan'd,rodaya Makaradhwaja. Dose is one
pill of ten grains, each given with milk or enclosed in betel
leaves to be chewed. D~et ought to be generous consisting of
milk, ghee, pulses etc. It is useful in nervous debility, impotence, premature old age etc. A pill named Brihat Kaphaketu which is mad'e up of gold, pearl, burnt coral, mica and
Makaradhwaja, JTIade into pills with motheris milk is generally
used in the asthma of children, with irregular pulse and cold
extremities. 'Makaradhwa3a' when taken regula~ly as per
the indigenous system of medicine is a wonderful tonic and
will increase the longevity of the patient".12 "In failing circulation and in cardiac asthenia, it is a sovereign remedy.
Tried in some cases of myocardia1 disorders following acute
specific fevers, have shown distinct clinical improvement; yet,
further trials are necessary. 'Makaradhwaja' is, also used as
a laxative with good results, particularly in those cases when
there is visceroptosis and atonic condition of the gastrointestinal tract. As an intestinal antiseptic also, it is said to
be of great utility and is supposed to relieve the gaseous distension of the bowels due to fermentation"_l3 Brihat Kasturi
Bhairab containing gold, silver etc. (mentioned under
"ArSEnic") is useful in dyspnoea with fever, collapse, delirium
etc. In dyspnoea of phthisis ,and pyameha, Brihat Kanchanabhra is recommended; it consists of gold, silver, c0j:Jper, tin,
iron, mica, pearl, coral, Ra.sasindur, Baikranta, musk, cloves
and: mace. An exhaustive list of preparations containing goid
as used in a large number of diseases is given in the "Journal
of Ayurveda" of March 1925, to. which the reader may refer.
Dr. H. C. Sen highly commends the use of chloride of gold in
low continued fevers, Especially of typhoid state, for "keeping
up the vital centres and heart". He generally used oxide or
chloride of gold in very small doses. To prevent spasms and
to give tone to the nervous system he used the bromide of
gold "With satisfactory results". He used chloride of gold. In
doses of 1/20 to 1/12 of a grain in many cases with or without
the decoction of Semecarpus anacardium to remove the tremors noticed in the ,muscles of the wrist and fingers of patients
WITH A YURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
39
exhausted from continued fevers and to steady the functions

of the brain after menIngeal troubles. The chloride of gold
has been much lauded as a remedy for confirmed' dipsomania.
The tribromide of gold (dose t to I grain in pill made with
Kaolin) is used for hysteria, epilepsy etc. The use of gold in
tuberculosis is also recommended by some modern western
authorities:-"In 1890 Koch showed that a salt of gold inhibited the growth of tubercle bacilli in a solution as weak as one
in a million. In 1917 Relot and Spies introduced a preparation of gold named "Knysolgan" which was used in the
treatment of tuberculosis. Prof. Holger Moellgaard has a
neW inorganic compound of gold and sodium under the name
of "Sacrocrysin" which is said to materially check the growth
of tubercle bacilli in a solution of one in a mIllion ana to Cirrest
it completely in a solution of one in 100,000. Serum from a
tuberculous animal was given by 'intramuscular inJection in
doses of 20 to 40 cc. m. and proved :potent in counteracting
the tuberculin shock caused by the sacrocrysin. In nontechnical language, a serum is injected into the blood to .prepare it for digesting the dead tuberculosis bacilli. Either
before or after the blood is thus prepared, a new substanc_e
"Sanocrysin," is injected In weak solution; Sanocrysin kill!)
the bacilli; the serum eliminates the pOIsons which have been
caused by the presence pf the dead bacilli. Sanocrysin according to "Medical Science" review; IS a compound salt of
gold and sodium. It is a solid snow-white substance compos~
of long needlelike crystals. Its activity is amazing. A soh.ition of 1 in 100,000 kills the bacilli and of 1 in 1,000,000 prevents its growth. Sanocrysin without the serum kills the
bacilli, but it also kills the patient when it, is tried on animals.
But where its administration IS combined with a serum it has
healed animals even when the case was an advanced one.
Upto 1927 the use of Sanocrysin was only in its infancy, but
good medical opinion heid that the world was on the eve of a
discovery which might revolutionise treatment and perhaps
exterminate tuberculosis! Refer 'Hydrargyrum" also for some
more information.
(1) to (13)-Chopra's "I.D. of I." pp. 414/421.
40
16.
CALCIUM (Eng.-Lime)
Several sorts of lime are used in Hindu medicine; thus

we have lime fro,m Liinestone (Sans.~Churna); Calcined
,cowries (Kapardak{L bhasma); Conch shells (Shankha bha:sma); Bivalve shells (Shukti bhasma); Snail shells (Shambuka
bhasma). The variqus ~inds of lime are found free in nature.
These shells are purified b:y being soaked in lemon juice an4
are prepared for use by being calcined within covered crucibles. Lime is used internally in dyspepsia, enlarged spleen and
other enlargements in the abdomen and externally as a caustic.
Lime enters into the composition of a great many prescriptions
of different S01,"ts of dyspepsia; e.g.-A compound pill called
Amrita Vati prescribed .in Bhaishajyaratnavali for loss of appetite and indigestion <;!ontains calcined cowries, aconite and
black pepper in 5, 2 & 9 parts respectively, made into twograin pills. In the same is mentioned anoth~r compound pill
named Agnikuma1'a Rasa containing calcin~d cowries, conchshells and aconite 3 tolas each, borax, mercury, and sulphur
1 tola each, and black p~pper 8 tolas, all rubbed together for
12 hour& with lime juice. and made into t.welve-grain pills.
'l'his medicine incr~ases appetite and cures indigestion.
Bhavaprakash recommends calcined conch-shell (Shankha.
bhasma) in half-drachm' doses to be taken with lime juice in
enlarged spleen. In jaundice, urinary trouble and acidosis a
preparation called Krimi-dhuLijqlapraba Rasa containing
,Shankha, bhasma, tin, mer:cury and sulphur and emeblic myrobalan has been recommended-(Joul'. of Ayur. Oct. 1925)..
As a caustic, lime is! used in various combinations for different diseases; e.g.:-as an application to enlarged glands and
tumours, a mixture of Conch-?hell lime (Shankha bhasmaJ,
impure ,carbonate of soda (Sarjika) and the ashes of Raphanus
sati,vus is recommended 'Qy Chakra'datta. A. mixture of lime~
carbonate of soda, sulphate of copper and borax is applied as
,a caustj.c to tumours and warts. As a depilatory, a paste
made of Conch-shell lime 3, tolas, orpiment and the ashes of
Butea frondosa one t6la each rubbed together' with the juice
of plantain stalks or of Calotropis gigentea, is mentioned in
Sharangadhara. It is applied seven times to the part from
which the hair is to be remov,ed.
17.
41
CALCII CARBONASj'or CALCIUM CARBONATE
(Eng.~Chalk;
marble.
Hind.-Vilati-chuna.
Ben.Karimatti. Arab.-Kits. Pers.-Gil safed.
Gttj.-Chaka.
Tam.-Seema:vchu:hrtambu. MaL-Kapur ingris.
Bttrm.Tounghpyu) occurs in 'nature as lime..:stone, white marble etc.
It consists of infinitesimal shells composed mostly of carbonate
of lime contaminated with iron oxide, clay, organic matter etc.
and forms rocky beds. Chalk exists in plants and can be oh..
tained by reducing them fo ashes. In the animal kingdom it is
found in the hard parts of Corals and in oyster shells. Thus
it exists in all the three kingdoms of' Nature. Carbonate of
lime is an ordinary ingredient of mineral and common waters.
In crystallized form it is known as calcareous spar. The crusts
which envelop crabs and lobsters are made of carbonate of
lime mixed with phosphate of lime. In the bones of animals
they are met with in equal quantities. Chalk occurs in irregular, white, amorphous pieces, sometimes as a powder.
Prepared chalk or Creta Praeparata is a native friable carbonate of lime freed from impurities by elutriation i.e., the
chalk is powdered, washed with water, decanted and allowed
to subside. The sediment left is a pure carbonate of lime
free from soluble salines and flinty and sandy matters. Prepared chalk or Cretae (Fr.-Craie. Ger.-Kreide. Hind.Khariya. Ben.-Khari) ~dministered internally neutralises
the free acid, of the gastric juice; it is 'useful in dyspepsia due
to acidity of the stomach, and to check sour eructations; in
gout with excessive uric acid and in rickets (rachitis) with a
deficiency of lime in tlie system. Dose 'is 5 to 20 grains of the
powder. Prepared chalk is an antidote to poisoning by minerals. Externa11y chalk 'is' used: as a -desiccant, absorbent and
an antacid; 'useful in slight abrasions and burns, intertrigo
of children, and erysipelous inflammations. For scalds whIch
have much injured the skin, application of chalk ointment .is
useful. lV[atron Crooks recommends for burns the application
of a mixtuye of chalk and linseed or olive oil with the ad.dition
of vinegar just enough to ieduce it to the consistency of treacle
or thin honey. ~ach "renewal is said to bring "fresh relief
and 11 ;most gratifying coolness".-(Health, Nov. 1925). In
~
.
1"'.,
42
purulent discharges from ulcers, in combination with burnt

cocoanut shell it is u~eful; it brings about a healthy action and
lessens the discharge.'
Red Cha1k is a ~i'nd of earth of red colour; Lat.-:Ferrttrn

Haematite (Sans.-~uvarl1a Gairika.
Ben.-Lalgiri-mati.
Hind.-Sitageru. Eng.-Red Ochre. Fr.-Ocre rouge). It
consists of the mixture of the hydrated sesqui-oxides of iron
with various earthy materials Pl'incipally Kaolin and Quartz.
It is used as an antidote to arsenical poisoning. It is qsweet,
astringent, cooling, antibilious, anti-phlegmatic" generative of
bile, preventive of haemorrhage and beneficial in hiccup, piles,
vitIated blood, poison and burns. The electuary prepaTed
with its powder and honey instantly relieves the hiccup of
children.-(N. N. Sen Gupta).
18.
CAL~II
HYDltAS
Calcii hydroxidum; Cal!;!ium. hydroxide; Calci hydror

xide; C~lcium hydrate. (Eng.~Slaked lime. Sans.-Churna.
Hind'.-Chuna. Ben.-Ghun.
Pttnj.-Kalai. Gttj.-Chuno.
Tam.-Chunambu. TeL-Sunna. Arab;-'-Kils; Ahu. Pers.Nurah. Bttrm.-'-Thon:..phiyu) enters into the composition of
numerous compound powders and used in the cure of
dyspepsia. Locally it is applied to tumours and warts. Lime
water is prepared by adding two ounces of slaked lime to a
gallon of water and decanting off the supernatent dear fluid
after the whole mixture has been allowed to stand for a time.
-(Chopra). Lime water given internally forms a good antacid
in dyspepsia and heart-burn; it is given with milk to children in
acidity of the stomach. Dose. is 1 to 4 drachms, for children.
Another form called the Saccharated solution of lime, better
adapted for administration to infants and children, is prepared
by carefully miXing together in a mortar one ounce of slaked
lime and two ounces of powdered white sugar and adding this
to a pint of water and shaking well and allowing it to stand
for some hours. The supernatent liquid should be kept in a
we11 stoppered bottle. Dose is 15 to 20 drops in milk twice or
thrice daily. The uses of lime water are many and varied:-In
43
acidity of the: stomach, in heart-burn, in those forms 6f digestion due to acidity of the stomach and of indigestion, when the
urine is scanty and high colored and when vomiting and acid
eructations are prominent symptoms, lime water is best given
in milk, in doses of H to 2 ounces of the lime water. In diarrhoea arising from acidity it is best given in a solution of' gum
arabic or other mucilage; in obstinate cas\eS 10 drops of lauaanum may be added to each dose . It may also be advantageously combine,d with omum water. In chronic dysentery
the same treatment in addition t6 enemas of lime water diluted ,
with an equal part of tepid milk or mucilage has been beneficial. In the diarrhoea and vomiting' 'of infants' and young
children, resulting froni artificial feeding one part of lime water
diluted with four to six parts of milk is suitable ahd the saccharated solution of lime interhaily is also of great s'ervice. 'Obstinate vomiting, diarrhoea, in consumption, in po~soning by
mineral acids, vomitIng' attenda~t on the advanced stages' of
fever, even the black'Voinii\ of yellow fever, and pyrosis or
vlaterbrash sometimes yield to a few ,doses of lime water 4 or
5 ounces being added to a pint of milk. In scrofula and in
those cases in which abscesses and ulcers are continually
forming, and also in cases of wart Qf children, lime water in
doses of half ounce in milk three or four times a day and
preserved for some time hqs proved beneficial to some extent.
In consumption as we'll as in diabetes lime water and rrillk
has been strongly recommended as 'an ordinary beverage. In
poisoning by any mineral acids, and al~o arsenic] lime water
given plentifully in milk is an antidote. Externally, "Caldurn popularly used in the form of lime-water, is a w~ll-known
lemedy in all inflammatory swellings"~(Chopr'a), in pruritus
ani and pudendi (distressing irritation of the genital org~llis),
bathing the parts well with tepid lime water three or four
times a day affords much relief. Leucorrhoea and' other vaginal discharges have in some instances been mi"ti~ated and even
cured by the use of injections of a mixture 6f 1 part 6f lime
water to 2 or 3 parts 'Of w~ter. Scrofulous and other ulcers
with much discharge hav~' been found to improve unde'r the
Use of lime water as' a local applicatIon. For 'syphilitic uicers
or chancres one of the best applications i~; a inl.xttite' 6f lhue
44
THE lNUIAN MATERIA MEDICA
water half a pint and calomel 30 grains (commonly known as

Black Wash); it is, cpnstantly applied to the part by means of a
piece of lint or clean rag moistened with it. Many forms of
skin diseases attended with much secretioIl; ,and vy-ith. ~~eat
irritation or burning, burns and scalds, and sore or cracked
nipples are benefited by using lime water as ~n emollient,
either pure or conjoined with some bland oil Diluted with
equal p~n:ts of water or ~ilk it forms a useful injection: ,in
discharges from the nose and ears occurring in scrofulous and
other children. For thread worms in children, enemas of '3
or 4, ounces of lime water -repeated two or three times have
sometimes effected a cure. To burns and scalds lime liniment
called Carrpn oil, composed of equal parts of lime water and a
bland oil (oliye' oiL or -sesarnUIll oil, perferably linseed ,oil)
thoroughly sha.ken well together so as to form a; uniform mPeture is a popular r~medy;. the parts scalded sho,uld be kept
covere9, with rags constantly wetted with the liniment. Thjs
liniment on cotton wool applied. to the pustules of small pox
is said to prevent pitting.
:19. CALCII OXIDUM

Calcium Oxide .or, Calx or Lime Ko (Sans.-Sudha;
Shudhakshara. Eng.-Burnt lime; quicl<.lime; caustic lime.
Hind.
&
Ben.-Kalik~-chuna;
Chun;:tm.
Arab.-Kilo;
Apag. Pers.-Ahaka-nurch. Punj. & Kash.-Ch:tma; Chun.
Guj.-Kalichuno. Mah, & Kon.-Chunno. Can.-$unna. Tam.
& Tel.-Chunnambu;, KaI:-shunnambu. T.e~.-Sunnam; Rall~
sunnamu. Mal.-Nur:a. Bt~r1l'1.-H'tonphia. Si:nn,.-Hunnoo.
Malay.-Kapor) is an alka.!ine eru:th occurring in both the
miner:al anq vegetaple kingdoms. In the mineral ~ingdom it
is found .combined iJ,1 the form of carRo.nate, sulph~te, phpsphate, silicate, and bibo;rate of lime. FloW,s!mr is a combination of lime with fluorine etc. In the vegetable kingdom it is
fQund in combination with vegetabl,e acids. It i;:; obt~ined py
calcination or by burning chalk, m~I:Qle or lime !itone with
coal or coke in a wind furnace known as kiln. It exi,sts in
light lumps of dir,ty wh~te colouI:; it slakes rapidly if water is
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HoME REMEDIES
45
ured upon it, leaving a white, bulky powder. Lime is made

rroorn burnt shell or Hme stone. Its action is antacid. It is of
a pungent, acid and caustic taste and slightly soluble in water.
It is called slaked lime (Calcium hyiJ,rate) and the water
above is lime water. Slaked lime, the residue left after removing lime water is a soft white powder of a strong alkaline
taste and reaction. Lime water is obtained by pouring water
on recently burnt lime, or when vapour ceases to bE;! disengaged set it aside to cool., It. is also obtained by adding,
water to slaked lime and shaking well for a few minutes and
allowing it to settle down for about twelve hours. The
supernatent liquor is lime water. Quick lime shell or
unsl aked lime is used as a caustic. A paste made qf q4ick
lime and pearl ash e,qual parts is a useful application to remoVe
warts. An ointment prepared py mixing ~ell 3 parts of
butter and 1 part of, wet chunam, lightly, applied ~o developing witlow, twice dCJ,ily, morning and \l,ening, .cures it. Mixed
with sulphuret. of arsenic ~t is used. as a cure for: indolent 1.llcers.
In ringworm or Dhobie's itGh an applicCJ,tion made of quick,
lime 1 ounce apd precipitateq s1.llphus two OUI\ces boiled in
15 ounces of water 4ntil reduced to 10 ounces and then thf)
water decanted, i~ used every night for three or fpur days
for a cure. In combinat\on with sulphuret of sodium, sulphuret of b?rium or sulphlJ.ret of arsenic in the proportion Qf
3 to 1, it is used to remove superfluous hair. For tbis purpose
a paste made of quicklime 4 parts, yellow orpiment 2 parts,
seeds of Butea frondosa 2 and Calotropis gigentea 3 parts is
in general use. It is also useful to destroy noevi and is a
useful caustic application on the bites of rabid dogs. In
neuralgic headache, applied to the 'part, it gives relief; applied
to relieve painful and gouty joints. For this purpose a paste
made of quick lime' 2 parts and the gum re~in of Ga~cinia
pictoria or morella (gamboge) 3 parts is used. Quicklime is
also useful in jaundice, acidosis, urinary trouble and enlarged
glands.
46
20.
CALCII Sl,JLPHAS (CaSo42H20), or

CALCIUM SULPHATE
HYDRA~D
(Sa11s.-Saniirahat. Eng.-Alabaster; Plaster of Pads;

Exsiccated Calcium Sulphate; Gypsum; Satin Spar. Sind._
Karicheri. Pers.-Sangmakrani. Hind.-Sufed Pathar. GUj.
-Gabhana. Mah.-Godanti; Haratala) in primitive form occurs generally in long, :flat; dirty-white or 'alabaster' whiteness,
transparent scales, crystals or regular four-sided prisms, and
is an hydrous sulphate finely grained, cut to the shape of an
egg, having a fibrous structure and a pearly opalescenc~.
Action:-Plaster of Pads is coollng, antacid and astringent.
For medicinal purposes it is prepared by overburning and
then: grinding the ashes and is then known as Piaster of Paris
(Latin.-Gypsum selenite; Hind.-Kulnar) or carbonate of
lime. Plaster of Paris is used to retain broken bones in <1:
fixed position. In fracture of the limbs and ribs and in
diseases of the spine it 'is useful. Carbonate of lime-ash i~
well rubbed in curd and then locally appli~d to painful and
swollen parts or to the chest with reHef. Internally it is an
astringent and antacid and is useful in menorrhagia and acidity of the stomach? and is given as gr_uel in feyer. In_ inflammation -round the ear, a paste made of -Carbonate of lime 5,
alum 5 arid Gile-armuni (Silicate of alumina, magnesia and
oxide of 'iron) 4 parts 'is applied outside the ear; in otorrhoea
it may be dropped into the ear.
21.
CARBO LIGNI
(Eng.-Wood charcoal; Medicinal charcoal. Hind.Lakrika,.koyelah.

Du_k'.~Lakrika
kolsa. Ben.-Kash-thakoyala. l\1ah.-Lakdacha-kolsa. Gu1,.-Lakdu-koelo.
Puna.
-Koilah., Kash,-Tsuing. Tam.-Aduppu-kari. Tel.--,-Kattaboggu. Mql.-Muttikari.
Can.-Kattige-iddalu. Burm.Then-muswe. Sinh.-Anguru. Malay-Ahrang) is an impoIltant article from the sanitqry, medical as well as economical
point of view. It is used as a deodoriser in sickrooms by
hanging this muslin bags loosely filled with roughly powdered
charcoal; the cha~coal req,P-ires to be renewed occasionally.
47
Water is purified by boiling it with a good-sized piece of

freshly prepared charcoaL Charcoal is used in: respirators
and sewer traps to protect from poisonous gases. It also
forIUS an excellent filter placed in alternate layers with river
sand. Finely powdered charcoal mixed with fine powder of
the Areca or Betel nut forms an excellent toothpowder. Charcoal poultice made by adding finely powdered charcoal to a
common rice poultice in the proportion of one part of the
former to three or four of the latter, with a little
charcoal powder also sprinkled over the surface of the poultice
is an esteemed application to foul ulcers ana wounds. An
efficient charcoal poultice is made up of 2 ounces 'of bread
crumb boiled in 10 ounces of water for 10 minutes, then Hounces of linsee,d meal or dce flbur added and the whole
stirred t.o form a poultice to which t ounce of wood charcoal .is
finally added, and a like quantity of dry charcoal is sprinkled
over the surface of the PQultice~ It corrects bad odour and
stimulates healthy action. Internally a mixture of charcoal
and rhubarb powder 5 grains each is given after food in dyspepsi~ with benefit; also in flatulence and acidity of the stomach
and intestinal tract; a.1so in diarrhoea, dysentery' and typhoid
fever cha:t:coal powder is. used internally as antiseptic and
stimul~lI1t, in:. bi?cuit or capsule$. The most palatable way is
to mix it wit.b. chocolate., pose is 1 to 2 drachms. Charcoal'
of Butea fron<:}osa has th~ property of decolorising like animal
charcoal. pry char,~oal h::l.s the. power of condensing. oxygen
withiI). its pOres which then becomes a powerful oxidiser
rapidly destroying organic substances. When thoroughly
wetted it loses this power.
;
22.
CUPRUM
Sa:ns.-~amrai
Slw.lya; Ravi; Mlec;hhil-m,uka. Eng.Copper. Arab.-Nehass. Fr.-Cuivre. GE:!r.-Kupf~r. Pers.
--Misa. Hind.-Tamba, B?ng ..,-Tama. Assam.~T?-m, Guj.
-Trambo. Mah. & Ko.n.:_Tambay. ;Ta:m.-Shembu. T?l.-:Tamberam; Ragi. Ca:n.-Tambra. Mal.-Tamhaga.; Burm.~,
Kyani. .
48
Source.-Found extensively free in the metallic state and

also in various combinations as sulphide in copper pY-rltes
and as carbonate, ph6sphate,. and arsenate; with-oxygen as
cuprous or red oxide and as, cupric or black oxide. Copper
ores are found in se~eral of the independent States of Raj~
putC\na, and in the districts of Ajmer, Singbhum and Hazari~
bag (Bengal). In. minute quantities it is found in natural
springs and in the animal and vegetable organisms.
Characters.-A brilliant, sonorous, ductile metal of a
reddish colour; impure copper is black; when mixed with ifn;
purities it breaks on being hammered. Copper is a good
conductor of. heat and electricity. Its chief solvent is nitric
acid. Its most important alloys are four.-(l) Brass (an alloy
of copper with 25-40% of zinc). (Sans. & Indian Languages:- ,
Pittal. Pers.-Biring. Tel.-Atdi.
Can.-Hittali).
After,
purified and reduced it is said to 'be "saltish, bitter, cool and
beneficial in jaundice, wormS and spleen."-(N. N. Sen
Gupta). Calx of this' compound metal is used as tonic and
alterative. A preparation called '''Pittul Bhasma" is advertised
as astringent, expectorant and diuretic useful in bleeding piles,
anaemia, colic, asthma and> other hmg complaints. Dose is 2
to 4 grains with milk; Brass is of two kinds-'Ritika' and
r'~ '~'l" ,.:r. 'E,.:akatundi'. The former on being' heated and plunged into
I, ~'~!" ,~:::-,;~ '~' r gruel turns copper-coloured. BrasS', Which is heavy,
;::e".;.:,"', "~'=:.i. of yellow colour, ca.pab~e: ~f resisting strokes': is to be r:~
. ~ \!. '-:;;;;:: Imended. Brass, whICh IS hght and of offenSIve odour, IS
J'.-,cu' "C' '. "=,
'~~.;t~,='. ':
good for
medicinal purposes.
Brass,
smeared
',<3 '~i '~~ ':h a paste of lemon juice, orpiment ahd sul> ::l ;.~ . ~=~
ur and roasted 8 times, is reduced to ashes. The pro~"X:.,,)=: S of killing brass is the same as that of copper.-(Sir P. C.
'~ , .. '=J-~ y's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, Page 114). (2) Bronze (Sans., ''):'( ~. nsa; Kansya. Pers.-Roeen; Taliqun) contains 12 p.c. of
'_, ~>: ~~, also a little zihc, copper and lead; (3) Bell metal (an
alloy of copper, zinc, tin and antimony) (Sans.-Kansa. Pers.
-Tualiqun. Hind. & Ben.-Kansa. Guj.-Kanso. Mah. &
Kon.-Kanshe. Tel. & Can.-Kanchu) contains 25 p.c. of tin.
Bell-metal is also made by melting together 8 parts of copper
and 2 parts of tin. "It is completely killed by being ro~sted
': ,
.''''-
'49
5 times with sulphur and orpiment.-(Sir p" C. Ray).

(4) German Silver, an all?y of copp~r, zinc .an~ nick~l. Bell
metal and Brass' are sometimes used m combmatIOn With other
metals as for example, in the preparation called "Nityananda
Rasa." They are regarded as tonic 'and alterative. They are
purified and reduced to powder in the same way as copper.
Vartaloham:-is produced from Brass, copper, bell-metal,

iron and lead; hence it is regarded by metallurgists as an alloyof 5 metals ........ It is killed with the aid of sulphur and
orpiment.-(Sir P. C. Ray).
"There is a copp~r or~, bornite or erubescite (Cu3FeSjl)
which, on account of its peculiar colour and iridescence, is
known as 'peacock' ore. It occurs ip several parts of India",
_(Sir P. C. Ray, in H. of H. Ch., Vol I, Page 138).
Preparations.-Thin plates of copper which can be pierced
by a pin are purified by being boiled in cow's urine for three
hours; then reduced to powder by smearing the thin leaves
with a paste of sulphur and lemon juice and beating them into
a mass aneJ exposing to heat in a covered crucible within a
sand-bath for 12 hours. The powder thus produced is rubbed
with Kanjiku (fermented rice or paddy liquor) and made into
a ball which is intI:Oduced into a tuber of Amorphophallus
campanulatus as in a crucible and roasted. When cool take
out the ball and powder; tfie sulphide of copper thus produced
is innocuous; this last process is called Amritakarana which
makes copper fit' for internal use, freeing it from its toxic
effects of causing purging, vomiting, vertigo etc. The copper
powder (Tamra Bhasma) is a dark-black powder, somewhat
,gritty to the feel. Another method of preparing .Copper
Rhasma is by rubbing together mercury! and sulphur 2 parts
in the juice of Calotropis gigentea and adding old copper coins
(which are. supposed to be of purer copper than new ones) and
submitting the whole to processes of oxidation and calcination
as in the preparation of gold or silver bhasm,a. Dose is ! to
1 grain. As alterative, the dose is 2 to 4 grains. As emetic,
in cases of poisoning, the dose is 24 grains with sugar or honey.
Action.,-Astringent, sedative, antispasmodic, alterative,
antiseptic, emetic and purgative. In small doses it is astrin4
50
INDIAN MATERIA l\tEDICA
gent; in large doses .it is alterative and in. very large doses it
it> emetic. Copper is absorbed from the stomach, intestines
.and mucous membranes probably as a colloid and stored up
~ the liver, small amounts being found also in the spleen and
kidneys. It is excreted by the liver, kidneys and the salivary
and intestinal glands.' Colloidal copper increases activity of
cell-metabolism-(Dr. Gers. Med. Press' 1910).
Uses.;-Copper enters into the composition of several medi-:cines for ague, remittent and relapsing fevers,. heart disease,
skin diseases, phthisis, enlarged spleen etc. Copper is used
in combination with aconite and the juice of dhatura leaves,
in epilepsy, gout and rheumatism; also in chronic skiIi diseases,
leprosy, asthma,chronic diarrhoea and gonorrhoea. As antiseptic copper salts are good in diarrhoea and bacterial infections e;g. Bacilli Coli. Owing to its antiseptic qualities ancient Hindus preserved water in bright copper vessels (TamrapatraJ. Externally, Tamra-Bhasma is r'ecommended in Ayurveda for local application in piles, leprosy; skin-diseases, and
ozoena. Modern researches have shoWn colloidal copper to
be useful in cancer. It diminishes pain and produces marked
improvement~ Internally prepared copper in small doses (gr.
1 to 2) is considered valuable for chronic diarrhoea and sprue
-even cholera. Copper is highly poisonous to lower forms
of plant life, but not so on the higher forms of either plant or
aIlimallife. Copper has been used "in all forms of cholera and
diarrhoea with uniform success and satisfaction. Its greatest
usefulness is in the prevention of all these diseases, the most
important of which is typhoid fever"-(C. Wifekofi Cummins
in Jour. of Med. Soc. of N. J., June 1912). The effect of 1/24
grain of copper sulpho.-caz:bolate on choleraic diseases is marvellous; all of the serious symptolllSJ abate in a -few hours,
When
using the
copper nothing is used to control the diarrhoea directly unless it seems to be too
debilitating. ThEm a little camphorated tincture '0 opium is
added and perhaps some cinnamon. In flatulent swelling of
~ntestines and Tabes Mesenterjca (Gulma), prepared copper
in two-grain doses rubbed with ginger juice and enclosed in
betel leaf is useu~- (Rasendrasara Sangraha). A compound
51
preparation known as Gulma Kalanala Rasa is recommended

in this disease; it is given in dosesi of 8 grains on empty
stomach mixed with honey and a decoction of chebulic myrobolans. As antiseptic, prepared copper is useful in small
intestinal worms-(Rajanighantu); it may be .tried in hookworm. The same recommends it in acid dyspepsia as an
alterative, sedative and antiseptic. Prepared copper in small
doses is useful in bronchitis as an expectorant and also probably for its effect on the bronchial nerves. This (Tamra
bhasma) "was tried given with honey in a few cases of asthma
and bronchitis and found to give relief in those cases"-(Ind.
Drugs Report, Madras). As an emetic in large doses it is
useful to expel excessive mucous from respiratory tract; also
in asthmatic fits caused by the Vagus reflex. For this, Sharangadhara recommends a preparation of copper named Suryavanta Rasa. IIi phthisis also it is recommended. In this
disease Nighantu Ratmi.kar recommends a preparation called
Tamraparpati in -! to 2 grain doses. In modern times Luton
has reported favourably on the use of copper in tuberculosis.
-(Prevo M~d., Dec. 1912). Jalodarari Rasa containing copper
and 1/3 grain of croton seed with other ingredients in each
pill is recommended in ascites and dropsy.
In case of acute poisoning from use of unprepared Copper

(no case of poisoning from the "rectified" copper preparations.
of Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia is known to have occurred) with
violent gastro-intestinal symptoms, potassium ferro-cyanide
should be given at once followed by demulcents such as milk
and ghee or infusion of Isaphgol. To relieve pain applr
counter-irritant over abdomen and give opium. For chronic
poisoning produced by taking small quantities for a long time,
with symptoms of ga~tro-intestinal irritation, pharyngeal and
laryngeal catarrh, anaemia and wasting l profuse perspiration
and nervouS symptoms,-Saline purgatives for daily evacuation, large quantities of milk and ghee and freshly made infusion of Isaphgol are to be given.
52
23. CUPRI SULPHAS, or CUPRUM SULPHAS, or

CQPRIC. SULPHATE
(Sans.-Sasyaka; Tutta; Nella tutia; Tuttham; Mayura

tuttham; Sikhigrivam. Eng.-Verdigris; Crude Copper sulphate or Copper acetate; Basic Copper acetate; Blue copperas; blue stone; Roman vitrioL Beng.-Tutia. Hind. & Pun;.
-Nila-thotha; Nila tuta. Guj. & Duk-Mor-tutta. Malay.Toorshi; Turi. Burm.-Doutha. Tam.-Mayil-tuttam; Tut;.
tam turichi. Tel.-Mayilu-tuttam. Can. & Kon.-Mayil-tuttu.
Sinh.-Palmanikam. Arab.-Zajul-akhzar. Pers.-Zake-sabz)
is prepared by roasting copper pyrites with sulphur, dissolving the roasted mass in water and evaporating the solution to
obtain the dark-blue crystals of the sulphate. Copper sulphate occurs in blue crystalline masses. "Blue vitriol is indeed a semimetal of copper as it i~i derived from copper"(Bhavaprakash). The stuff obtained from the bazar is usually
impure. It may be purified by dissolving in: water and recrystallising, and for internal use it is purified by being rubbed
with honey and/or ghee and exposed to heat in a crucible; it
is then soaked for three days in whey or water, and -dried
in the sun. Copper sulphate thus prepared will be free from
.toxic effects and will not produce vomiting. Its incompatibles
are alkalies, lime water, mineral salts (except sulphates) and
most vegetable astringents. It is a powerful astringent, emetic and antiseptic; externally stimulant, styptic and mild
caustic. Dose, as an astringent is 1/8th to 2 grains; as an
emetic it is 5 grains, used in CaSeIj of poisoning by narcotics
such as opium, nux vomica, arsenic etc. In chronic diarrhoea
and dysentery, purified copper sulphate in doses of i to 2
grains is beneficial; and in the diarrhoea of the advanced
stages of phthisis, copper sulphate and opiU1l1 ! grain of each
in pill form, mixed with honey is given thrice daily. It is contained in medicines named Grahanikapata Rasa which is useful in bowel diseases such as chronic diarrhoea and dysentery
and Especially sprue,; in Garbha1:Hlasa Rasa or Sutikabindu
(Ras,endrasarasangraha) which are recommended for puerperal diseases like puerperal diarrhoea, and indigestion during
pregnancy; in Jayamangala Rasa, Mahamrityunjaya Lauha,
53
putapakwavisamajwarantaka Lauha, Jvarankusha (Bhavaprakash) and Chaturthakari (Bhaisajyatantra) which are

used in intermittent and relapsing fevers with enlarged spleen
and liver. In cases of diarrhoea in children a mixture ma,de
of copper sulphate 2i' grains, Ajowan water 2 ounces is useful
in doses of a teaspoonful thrice daily. In caseS of diphtheria
and croup in children a solution of copper sulphate (5 grains
to an ounce of water) in teaspoonful doses every ! hour till
vomiting is produced, is useful. In cases of poisoning, copper
sulphate 4 grs. dissolved in hot water is given every few:
minutes till vomiting occurs. Externa~ly copper sulphate is
applied to indolent ulcers, exuberant granulations, sinuses
and fistula in ano in solid or preferably liquid form as solution:
(2 grains gradually increased to 10 in an ounce of water). An
ordinary "pichu" or clean cotton or a piece of cloth boiled in
Samundra lavana 1 tola in 1 measure or Padi of water, and
these cloth pieces preserved in wide-mouthed glass bottles so
as not to be contaminated with dust, are used in lieu of gauze
etc., as dressings for wounds. Where sodhana is required,
these cotton' pieces may be dripped in a solution of Tutha
(copper sulphate) 1 grain to 4 ounce:; of solution, and applied.
For foul and obstinate indolent ulcers, Chakradatta recommends an ointment of copper. An ointment known as Oleatum
Cupri (B.P.) is highly recommended in parasitic diseases of
the skin, in ringworm, indolent ulcers etc. In prickly heat
a solution of copper sulphate in rose water (1 in 50) often
gives relief. In ringworm an ointment made of copper sulphate 10 grains, powdered galls 1 dr. and an ounce of ceromel,
rubbed on the affected parts, though it smarts, is very effective. In eye diseases, Chakradatta' recommends a weak solution of Copper sulphate (1 in 500) to be dropped into the eye
in opacity of the cornea. A half per cent solution (copper
sulphate 2 grains, alum 2 grains and water one ounce) may be
used in conjunctivitis and ophthalmia with copious discharge.,
In haemorrhage from the nose (i.e., epistaxis) and other forms
of bleeding from mucous 'qurfaces, solution of copper sulphate,
4 grains to 1 ounce of water, is effective as' a nasal douche
even when alum fails. If there is excessive bleeding from
wounds, due to leech-bite, application of a little powdered
54
copper sulphate is useful when alum fails. In leucorrhoea

and gonorrhoea it. may pe used as an astringent and antiseptic
vaginal or urethral injection. In ulceration of the mouth
copper sulphate 2 grains in a little honey may be applied to the
ulcers. In cases of poisoning by opium, dhatura, nux-vomica,
Cocculus indicus, aconite, arsenic etc., (where immediate
emptying of the stomach is, necessary and not in other cases)
copper sulphate solution (5 grains in a pint of tepid water)
given at a draught acts promptly as a good emetic; this may
be repeated a second or third time if necessary. Vomiting
is promoted by <!opious draughts of warm water. If the sulphate causes any unpleasant effects the white of egg is the
best remedy. In cases of burns from phosphorus, cotton pads
soaked in 1 per cent solution of copper sulphate are useful;.
this immediately coats the phosphorus with a black layer and
renders it inert".-(Dr. D. C. Walton-J. Amer. Med. Assoc.).
For spongy gums Aksir-ul-Imraj recommends an application
made of copper sulphate, alum, pellitory root, black pepper"
each 2 maskas and honey 1 tola; it is to be applied to the,
gums. Vaidyas prepare a collyrium called ((Tutham" or
."Tuttaniana" made. of copper sulphate and root of C. luteum.
(See-C.luteum).
24. FERRUM
Sans.-Lauha; Hyam. Eng.-Iron. Arab.-Hadida. Pers.

Urdu.-Lohchun. Hind., Ben. & Duk.-Loha.
Guj.-Lodhun. Mah. & Kon.-Lokhand. Can.-Kabbina.
Tam.-Irimbu.
Tel.-Inumu.
S'inh.-Yekada.
Burm.Than. Malay.-Basi.
~Ahana.
Source.-Rarely met with free in nature', though very

widely distributed in both the organic aQd inorganic kingdoms. Found in nearly all rocks, soils, etc., variomJy cOPlbined with oxygen as haematite, magnetic iron ore etc., with
sulphur as iron-pyrites, and as carbonate of iron, in. spathic
iron; in the ashes of plants and even the blood (red corpuscle:?
of the blood) of animals; also in the bile, chyle, gastric juice,
lymph, milk, pigment of the eye and in the urine.
55
Classification.-According to Rasaratna Samuchchaya

there are three \rarieties of iron:-(l) C~ast or Wrought Iron
(Mundam) , which is again sub-divided into three varieties:
(a) Mridu is that variety of iron which easily melts, does not
break and is glossy; (b) Kuntham, that which expands with
difficl,llty when struck with a hammer, and (c) Kadaram, that
'&hich br:eaks when struck with a hammer and has a bla*
fracture. (2) Steel, i.~., properly cast-iron; (Tik,shnam)---which is again of six varieties: (a) Khara-rough, free ftorr\
hair-like lines and on breaking ,shows the lustre of quicksilver.
and break easily py pending; (b) Sara-the variety which,
breaks in the side~ by hammering; it h?s hair-like lines and
is a product of brown soil; (G) ?:r,innala-it i~ b1ac;k in c<;>lqurT,
shows seed or beak-like lines
and is yery difficult , tot ,cut;
_'
(d) Bajir Lu"uhrt-it is of sky colo~ and shows thin line~,~
(e) Tarabatta-not described; (f) Kala or Kalayasa;-blue.,
black colour, ,brilliant, plain, heavy and does, not break even.
by striking, with an' iron. hCllJ1Iller. (3) Wrought iron,
(Kantam); Its charaders:-"It poss~~ses oI).e, t~o; three, four
or five faces, and qften many more faces, (with which tq attract
iron) and is of yellow, blac}} and red colour ,respectively. It
is also su'Qdivided into five varieties;~(a) Bhramaka-"~h~i
variety which makes all kind~ of iy;on move about";,
(b) Chumb~ka-"t}lat whjch kisses any oth~r :piece of irpn";~
(c) Karshaka-iithat which attracts another pIece of i1;"on''';
(d) Dravaka-"that ~which can at once melt other sorts of
iron", and (e) Romakanta,-Ftha~ whic;h when broken, .sho,ois
forth hair-like filaments". Of ,all varieties described abov~
Bhramaka and Chumbaka are well suited in curing diseases;
Karshaka and Drav,aka, i11 RasayQna for rebuilding of the' lost
tissues of the system. Romakanta: is.,best s,uited in bindin,g Q:r;
treating mercury. "Mercury i like !m ir}tqxicated ,elephant
and Ka:ntam is like the bent h99k wh~r~wi1;h to restraiI.J., i,1:.,
The wise man digs it out of the mines. That which has reinained. exposed to the sun and the atmosphere is to' be a~oid
~d".-(Rasarn.ava). '''if water IS ke!,Jt in a vessel and 'oii
poured over it: and the oil do~s not spread about; if asafoetid~
gives up its odour, and decoctiono{Melia azadirachta ,'(nJe~j
Its bitterness, and milk beIng boiled' in it, 'does 'not overthrow
j
...
56
'but rises high like a peak--if such be the characteristics of the

vessel, know that it is, jIllade of Kanta iron (Kanta Lauha).-,
(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 109), Kanta Lauha is
recommended for use. ip preparation of medicines.
Purification.-Iron IS purified by the following methods:(1) It is first of all beaten into thin plates, which are then
heated in fire and when red-hot, plunged into the following
liquids one at a time:--oil, whey, conjee, cow's urine and a
decoction of Dolichos uniflorus. This is repeated three times
in succession. (2) To get rid of impurities, boil one and half
seer of water, reducing to quarter and then soaking in it half
a seer of thin plates of cast iron which have l;>een previously
heated. Repeat the process seven times. (3) "Powdered iron
is to be macerat~d a while in the ~ecoction of the three 'ltl-yrpbilans, (triphala), in cow's urine and then to be mixed up
with clarified butter and f:d.ed in an earthen vessel and
stirred with an iron rod until a blade of straw thrown over it
catches fire. The iron powder is to be pounded and the
above process repeated five times. Or, iron is roasted four
times in a covered crucible with the decoction of the myrobalans and is reduced to fine powder. ~aves of Tik~hna
'iron (steel or cast~iron) are rep~afedly to be heated and
plunged into water and then to pe powdered in a stone mortar
with an iron pestle ... The 'powder of iron thus obtained is to
be roasted twenty times in a covered crucible in combination
With mercury' and sulphur, and after each roasting tpe powder
of iron is to be pounded as directed above"""":iron t4us r~duced
to ashes is to be used in medicine.
Take one part of iron and twentieth part of its weight of
cinnabar and rub them witft lemon juice -and sour gruel and
roast the mixture in a covered crucible. The operation being
repeated 40 times, Kantam, tikshnam and mundam are killed.
Take; of mercury ~ part, sulphur 2 parts and iron-powder
3 parts and rub the:g1 with the juice of India!). (lloe and afteli
~ -hours transfer the mass to a brass-vessel and cover. it with
the leayes of the castor-oil plant. At the end of an hour and
a half the mass will become heated. It is then buried under
j":
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNAN! & HOME REMEDIES
57
a heap of paddy grains and taken. out after three days and
then powdered very fine and the contents passed through
linen. All the three varieties of iron are thus completely
kiIled.-(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch., Vol. 1, pp.109-110).
Tests for Killed Iron.-"Killed iron is that which in the
shape of impalpable powder floats on water and when rubbed
between the thumb and the fore-finger enters the lines; which
on being mixed with treacle, Abrus precatorius, honey and
ghee, and heated, does not revert to the natural state; which
floats on water and does not sink down even when heavy
things like paddy grainl> are placed over it.
Killed iron is that which on being heated with silver does
not mix (or ctUoy) with it.-(Sir P. C. Ray's H. of H. Ch.,
Vol. I, p. 119).
Characters of Prepared Iron (OxIdes of Iron).-It is a fine
impalpable powder of a dar~ reddish brown colour which
floats on water.
Preparation, of. Lauha Bhasma.-;-The most easy method
of reduction of iron is by soaking it for seven successive days
in the juice of pomegranate or Jam leaves and drying it in
the sun. Then the iron is roasted (by putas) as usual. By
this. method only 6 to 10 putas are sufficient for efficient reduction of iron:-;-,D.ose is 6 to 12 grains.
Action.-Iron improves the quality .of blood. Iron produces constipatfon and this is why it was recommended to be
adrniriistered with Triphala powder. Iron stimulates the functional activitY of all the organs of the body and. is therefore
a valuable general tonic. La'l,fha Bhasma is a powerful alterative, astringent, tonic and restorative.
Uses;.;;_Iron and its preparations are generally given with
cer1;ain selected, vehicles. In consumption it is given with
black pepper and long pepper. In hectic fever Lauha, Bhasm.a
is given with honey and dry ginger. In gonorrhoea it is given
with guggula. As a haematinic tonic prepared iron is used,
in many diseases:-Anaemia and chlorosis:,-Iron is of great
vallte in both simple. and secohdary anaemias. The benefit is:
THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA '.
specially marked in cases. of chlorosis and in anaemia caused

by malaria, kala-azar, chronic discharges or repeated passiVe
haemorrhage. Among ~he various preparations Navayasa
Lauha is very useful and -isl very commonly used in all forms
of. anaemia; it is prepared thus:-Take of pre!_lar:ed iron 9
parts, ~inger, Icing pepper, black pepper, t:uber of Cyperus
rotundus, Plumbago root, each 1 part; !_lowder and mix. bos~
in 4 grains with honey. The dose is increased gradually every
second day by 2 grains till the maximum dose of 16 grains is
reached-(Chakradatta). Guduchyadi Lauha is a similar
preparation with the only difference that it contains also
Gulancha. Lohasava is another similar preparation contain'ing, beE:ides the above drugs, triphala, ajwan and vavading.
It is' useful in anaemic dropsy and diseases of the s!_lleen. Dose
is i to 2 tolas. In secondary anaemia from chronic intermittent fever, iron is very useful adjuvant to apti-pyretic drugs.
Vrihat Sarva-Jvara-hara-Lauha, Visama Jwarantaka-Lauha
and Jaya 'Mangala Rasa are 'well known prep~rati'ons containing iron and are commonly used. In haemorrhagic diseases
such as haemoptysis, haematuria, bleedIng from piles, etc.,
iron is commonly given with good results'. In leucorrhoea'
leading to anaemia, preparations containing iron are useful,.
Iron is a valuable' remedy in Bright's disease and not only"
cures the anaemia but also lessens the albumin. It is usually
prescribed with Yavakshara, for which Tryushanadi Lauha recommended in Rasendrasara Sangraha is used. It contains:iron 4 parts, Yavakshara, ginger, long pepper & black pepper,
each 1 part, made. into 6 grain pills with water. It is useful.
also in chronic dyspepSIa with anaemia, scrofula and tuberculosis and in anaemia due to intestinal worms. Iron is of
'great value when given internally in some skin diseases, i.e.,
erysipelas, carbuncles and faruncufosis. Th(!' use of iron with
vegetables containing tannic acid, produces tannate of iron
which is insoluble .in water and it is a very strong illustration'
of chemical incompati1;>ility', But, Dr. H. C. Sen says "recent
investigations have shown that iron in its mineral state is not
absorbed. The only way in which it 'enters the system is as
vegetable or mineral compound. Large quantities of iron. db
produce effect on anaemia. This is due to the power of iron
~
,~
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI
,~
HOME 1;tEMEDIES
59
to educate the cells to take. irQn .from vegetables and animals.

I~on is not- absorbed in any other way. We have apout
46 grains of iron in our system. If it were not for this fact,
and 3 doses of ferri carbonas saccharatus ought to have cured
every case oJ anaemia. We know, however, that this is far.
from being true. The iron goes out with the faecal matter as
sulphide. The gradual effect of iron in anaemia is due to its
teaching the intestinal and other cells to do their duty of selection more cqrefully. Whq_t is t:t:ue of iron, is true of many
other things." A light diet of fine rice etc., .should be adppted,
and all indigestible food should be avoided during the use of
this medicine,. A preparation called Chandayw,dya Lauha is
recommended jn Rasendrasarasangraha for all sorts of chronic
intermittent fevers and fever with enlargeq. sple~n; it; co('l,tajns
iron, together with a number 9f vegetable drugs, all rubbed.
together. Dose is ten grains to be taken with the fresh juice
of Tinosppra cordifolia and Hedyo~is biflora. Rasayanam,rita
Leha is a confection containipg prepared ,iron and a .numberr
of vegetable medicin~s and rock S?lt prepared with the aid of
lemon juice, decoction of the myrobalans, sugar' and ghee is
useful in enlargement of abdominal visceral anaemia, jaundice
and chronic fever. Dose: is 1 to 2 to las.
Visamajvarantaka
Lauha is also l,lseful in ~l,lch cases. It is prepared out of sublimed mercury' and sulphur, prepared gold, -prepared iron, cOP'i
per and talc; prepared tin, red ochre and corala, roasted pearls,
conchshell and bivalve shell, and beaten tog~ther into a mas~
with the aid of water, ?l).d the mas~ then enclosed within bivalve shells covered with ,a layer of clay and roasted lightly in
fire burning with cowdung cakes. Dose of this is four grains
given with the addition of long pepper, rock salt and asafoetida
each 4 grains and a little honey! daily in the mqrning. Several preparations of iron are used in piles such as Mana Suranadya Lauha, Arsari Lauha, Agnimukha Lauha etcl .. Mana
Suranadya Lauha is prepared thus:-Take of the root-stocks
of Colocasia indica and Amorphophallus campanulatus l of the,'
roots of Ipomoea tm:pet,hum and Baliosperum montanum,
marking nuts, the thred myroba:ans (triphala), black pepper,
long pepper, ginger, seeds of Embelia ribes1 root of Plumbago
zeylanica and the tubers of Cyperus rotundus, equal.parts, pre;;:
'
60
pared iron in quantity equal to all the above ingredients. Powder and mix. Dose is ,bout a scruple. This medicine is useful in piles with constipation. For haemorrhagic diseases
Kandakad.ya lauha, Suil,lwnidhi rasa, Amalakadya lauha, etc.,
are recommended. The last is prepared thus:-Take of emeblic myrobalan and long pepper each 1 part, sugar 2 parts, prepared iron 4, parts, powder and mix them together. Dose is 6
to 12 grains in haemoptysis, haematuria etc., with suitable adjuncts-(Rasendrasarasangraha). In anaemia and dyspepsia
with anorexia an organic compound of iron calied Kalpam
made of iron powder, pepper, garlic and limes, was tried and,
"found very beneficial in improving the blood, strengthening
the patient and also in creating an appetite"-(Ind. Drugs Re.;.
port, Madras). In dropsy due to anaemia, Bright's disease and
heart affections, Shoathahar Loha the chief ingredients of
which are trikafu, Yavakshara and Loha bhasma (Calcined
iron) is recommended in doses of 1 to 4 pills of 6 grains each
three times a day after food. For chronic dyspepsia giving
pain after digestion, and for chronic fever, diar-rhoea,
phthisis
etc.,
Bhavaprakasha
gives
a
confection containing vavading, mustaka, triphala, trikatu, gulancha, danti, trivrit chitraka, prepared iron,
old iron rust, prepared talc, purified mercury and sulphur. Dose is 10 to 30 grains with milk or cold water.' For
anaemia, jaupdice and dyspepsia a preparation called Dhatri
leha made of prepared iron 32 tolas, emeblic myrobalan 64 tolas
and liquorice root 16 tolas, all powdered and soaked into
Gulancha root-juice seven times successively is used. Dose is
20 to 40 grains. In asthma with constipation due to Vayu-pitta,
iron is used in the form of Mahasvasari lauha and Pippuladi!
lauha which are similar in composition viz:-prepared iron,
prepared talc, triphala, liquorice root, raisms, long pepper,
kernel of jujube fruits, bamboo-manna, taZispatra, baberang
seeds, cardamoms, root of Aplotaxis aurictilata, flowers of,
Mesua ferrea, honey and sugar. Dose is 20 grains taken with
honey two or three titnes a day. In enlarged spleen Rohitaka
lauha is the favourite form in which iron is used. In enlarged
liver, spleen, jaudice etc. Yakridari lauha mentioned in:
Rasendrasarasangraha is usedr it is made of prepared iron, talc
61
and copper 4 tolas each, root of Citrus Bergamia and burnt

deer-skin 8 tolas each, rubbed together with water to make a
pill-mass. Dose is 9 to 18 grains. In anasarca it recommends
TrYl.lshanadi lauha already mentioned in connEctio_n, with
Bright's disease. It gives also a number of iron preparations
for various kinds of diseases; e.g., ery'sipelas, carbuncles and
boils, a pill called Kalagnirudra rasa is recommended. It contains mercury, sulphur, prepareq talc, iron, iron rust and iron
pyrites each 1 part rubbed together with water and the mixture
roasted within a covered crucible, and when cool, one-tenth
part of its weight of aconite is added, mixed intimately and the
mass divided into 22 grain pills. For chronic fever, anaemia,
jaudice etc., and urinary diseases as gonorrhoea, strangury
etc., a preparation called Mehamudgara rasa is recommended. It contains prepared iron, black salt, triphala, trikatu
and a number of other vegetable substances, 'beaten into a
uniform mass with ghee. Dose is 22 grains with water or
goat's milk. In diabetes and other urinary diseases, female
complaints etc., pills called Vrihat Somanatha rasa are recommended to be administered with honey. It contains prepared
iron, talc, tin, silver, calamine, iron pyrites, sublimed and purified mercury and gold. Dose is 4 grains. For diabetes, late
Hakeem Ajmal Khan Saheb of Delhi prescribed 1 grain of
reduced emerald and ! grrin of reduced iron, mixed and made
into one dose to be used with.a Majoon (confection) suited to
the disease-(Hakeem & Vaidyan). A preparation similar in
composition to the above and called Somesvara 'rasa is given in
leucorrhoea and other female complaints.
In "worm
affecting the liver and causing jaundice and in blood parasites
with constipation and ulceration in eye and throat" a prepara,.
bon called Krimi-kalanal Rasa, containing iron mercury and
sulphur, lead, aconite, and Vidanga, is recommended and for
"blood parasite causing jaundice or dysentery, another preparation named Krim!irogari Rasa containing .iron, mercury
and sulphur, lead, aconite, Cyperus rotund us, triphala, trikatu,
Cissempelos pareira, Pavonia odorata, Aegle,.marmelos, Woodfordia fioribunda and jui~e of Verbesina calendulaceae, is recommended-(Dr. Ashutosh Roy-Jour. of Ayur., Oct. 1925).
Another haematinic vermifuge mentioned by the same and
62
called, Vidanga Lauha containing vidanga, iron, mercury ~d

sulphur, arsenic, black I pepper, nutmeg, cloves, ginger and
borax is good in worms and blood' parasites with chronic fever
and other troubles of gastro-intestinal tract.
Besides the preparations me~tioned above numerous other
combinations of mercury, iron and talc with the addition of
gold, silver, copper etc., in varying proportions and combinations are described under different names. In fact, mercury.
iron and talc constitute the basis of the great majority of the
pills used by Kav,irajas. Iron forms an ingredient of hair dyes.
e.g.-a paste made of powdered iron, chebulic and emeblic
myrobalans 2 tolas each, mango stones 5 t01as and belleric myrobalan 1 to1a rubbed together with water in an iron vessel
and steeped for one night. This paste is applied to grey hairs
for turning them into black-(Bhavapraka;ha).
'
25.
FERROSO-FERRIC OXIDE
Ferri Oxidum Praecipitatum Fuscum (B.P.C.) or Ferri Peroxidum Rubrum (Sans.-Manduram. Eng.-Ironrust; impure
oxide of iron; Magnetic iron oxide; Magnetite. Arab.-Khabsul
Hadid. Pers.-Zang-e-ahana. Bom.-Loheka janga. Hind.Lohaka-Zang. Ben.-Lohar-gu. Duk.-Lohaka-gu; Mandur~
Guj.-Lodhano-kata.
Tel.-Innupa
chittumu.
Tam.Irumboo Chittam. Mal.-Irambak kitane. Can.-Kabbinada
Kilubu or kitta. Sinh.-Yakada kittam. Kon.-Lokhanda-gu.
Burm.-Sanpia; Tambia) is prepared iron rust consisting of
small particles of iron or forge scales scattered round the
blacksmith's anvil, when hot iron is beaten on it; these by
exposure to air become rusty' and brittle; then they are considered fit for use. They are then roasted lIgain and powdered very finely. Mandura is thus purified and prepared for
use like cast iron. The properties of Mandura are similar to
those of cast iron. "The qualities which reside in killed iron
are also to be found in the rust of ir'm; hence the latter may
be substituted for the treatmevt of diseases"-(Rasaratna
Samucchaya). Dose is 2 to 6 ~rains. Mandum is specially
useful .in anaemia, atnenorrhoea, dysmenorrhoea, menorrhagia,
WITH A YURVEDIC, UNANI & ROME REMEDIES'
63
chlorosis etc.; also diarrhoea, chronic bowel complaints, dyspe~

psia, intestinal worms and nervous. diseases; neuralgia of the
5th nerve due, to debility, kidney diseases, albuminuria etc.The mpst important conditions under which the use of Mandura should ibe aVQided are feverishness produced either by
chronic diseases or by local irritation as in dyspepsia attended
.with constipation. Guda Mandura is a favourite medicine for
dyspepsia with pain after taking food. It is made thus:-Take
of iron rust 3 parts, emeblic and chebulic myrobalans, and old
treacle each 1 part. These are rubbed together with honey
and ghee and made into boluses; to be taken in divided doses
before, along with, and after meals-(Bhavaprakash). Mandura Laha, the chief ingredients of which are trikatu, chitraka,
vidanga, makshika bhasma and mandura bhasma is used in
asthma, general debility, sexual debility, intermittent fever
with enlargement of spleen and heart disease. Dose is 1 to
4 pills of two grains each twice a day after food. For dyspepsia, congested liver etc., a powder composed of Mandura and
panchalavana (the five salts) 5 parts each and Amla 4 parts
is useful. Dose is 10 grains. To women with scanty menstruation Ma:ndura is given in combination with aloes and
other stimulants. Following are a few useful Home Remedies
containing Mandura.-(I) Take of Mandura 4 parts, Oxalis
corniculata, Piper longum, each 1 part, and sugar 2 parts. Mix
and powder. Dose is 10 grains; ;sed in haemoptysis and haematuria. (2) Take of Mandura 5, Cinnabar 1, Tr,ikatu 5, Cloves
2, Arillus of nutmeg 3 parts, Mix and powder. Dose is 5
grains; 'Used as an alterative tonic in the pregnant state. (3)
Take of Mandura 4, Impure carbonate of potash 3, and TrikatiL
1 part. Dose is 3 grains; used .in anasarca.. .Externally an. oil
made of sweet oil 4 parts, Mandura, triph,ala and Indian sarsa:.
parilla 1 part each and the juice of Bhangra 15 parts is used
with much benefit in alopaecia.
2.6.. FERRI SUL-';-HAS
(Sans;-Kasisqj H.ura-tutia. Eng.-Green Vitriol; Gre~:ri
Copperas;. Copperas Q Comme:t:ce; Sulphates Q Iron (FeSo);
Crude Ferrous Sulphate; Iron S\llphate; Salt of Steel. Fr.__'
64
Sulphate ferreux. Ger.-Schwefelsaures Eisehoxydul. Ben.Hira-kas; Hirakosis. Cp.n. & Kon.-Hirakasa:. Arab.-ZajeAsfara. Pers.-Zankunnadni; Tutiya~saba. Hind.-Haratutia;
Kasis; Hira-kasis or H~era-Kasus; Kahi. Glj.-Hara-kasis;
Kashis. Punj. & Kash ..-:sang~i~sabz. Can. Tam. Tel. &
Mlil.-Annabedi. Malay.-Madukalpa. Tel.-Tagramu) was
divided into' two varieties by the ancient Hindu chemists:(:1.) Valukd-kasisa. or Dhatu-kasisa, the green variety (ferrous
sulphate); (2) Pushpa-kasisa, the yellowish variety which is
probably -iron sulphate covered with the basic sulphate of
the sesquioxide from absorption of oxygen.-(Rasaratnasamu.chchaya). "Copperas of commerce, is produced principally
from the so:..called alum shales from which alum is prepared.
As is the case also with alum, copperas is found sometimes as
a natural exudation upon alum shales and other rocks which
include iron pyrites".-(Sir P. C. Ray in H. of H.Ch. Vol. I,
.p. 150). It is a: salt usually obtained by the decomposition at
iron-pyrites by the action 'of atmospheric, moisture. It can be
obtained alsQ by dissolving iron. wires in sulphuric acid by,the
aid of heat. It occurs in pa1e bluish:-green oblique rhombic
prisms. Crude; greenish-blue crystals of sUlphate of iron are
:ayailable in all the bazaars in India. Its taste is very astringent or styptic and without any odour; acid reaction; soluble
in water, insoluble in alcohol. It is a valuable haematinic,
.tonic and astringent. It i9 apt to irritate the stomach. Preparations made of it are generally Bhasma, oil and solution.
Bhilsma is prepared by taking equal quantities of iron-sulphate
and sulphur, reducing them to fine powder, mixing and roasting the mixture or mass. To this is added triphala (the three
myrobalans), black pepper, honey and ghee and the whole is
triturated. Dose is t to 2 grains twice a day with honey and
milk along with triphala ..powder and pepper. The Bhasma
i2 alterative and diuretic and is gIven in ozoena, consumption,
.enlargement of the liver etc. According to Ayurvedic works it
is rarely used internally. Only Chakradatta had recommended a linctus composed of iron sulphate and pulp of wood in
hiccup. Iron sulphate, on account of its astringent properties,
is used as a lotion. in erysipelas, anaemia and constitutional debility, following on malaria, Kala-azar, etc., the following pre-
WITH A,YPRYEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
'81
and ~ade into pills;: to. be given with honey and juice of 'the
leaves of ',Tuli ',(Holy Basil). Mercury is used in syphilis
'l!Joth externally and internally; e.g., Karpura Rasa::,_,.Make a
.paste. of "\Vheflt~ floqt;i~ith water. Take some of it 'i:md pYess
with. a finger in such a way 'that a depression is produ'ced ill
the pa~te. Put a: grain. and'a half of mercury in this depression
,and roll the pa~te to make: a .pilL. No mercury'shouid escape
'from the depr;ession;. Now coat: -this pill by clove..:powdet arid
,swallow the pill cm;eJullyrv.:ith water, so,that it does not c'<ime
in contact witl;i the: teeth. I:.ater chew a betel .leaf. Avoid
acids gnd salts, also fatigue, exposure to the" sun, exertion
and coitiop. $aptashali. Vati.' recommended in Bhavaprakttsh
is made up, of: ,mercury, and 'pulverised catechu 'each! tala
(48 grains); pellitory roOt 1 tola (96 grains). and honey 'Ii
.tola ~lM grains). Grind all these' together with a pestIe and
mortar
the; g19bu1es of mercury disappear: and divide into
seven pill~, Or b,oluses. One pill .is administered every morning 'with, watgr: ,in primary syphilis: Acids and salt are, for;..
bidde,I1' .d.uring tne. use 'of this, medicine.. ChanN,roaaya 'Rasa
made. up pf ,merGl!ry (Kajjali) , Abhraka_ 'f;>hasmai Vanga
bhq:;rrJ,a) sjlp.jjt) ,and..c,h:damQms.in equ<.J.t parts, mixed together
and ~riWrate9,.i!l the,juice ot plantain tree ,to' form.a pill mass
is used.ju gono:n:hoea, syphilis, leprosy, jaundice, etc, Dose
is 2 to 1 grains" Calome~ (Rasakapura or Rasakarpura.j is
pre5crib~!:L PYi ;I3havaprakasb, in. syphilis, and he gives' the
following ,re.cipe for ,prepa,ring Calomel:=-~!Take of purified
mercury, ired .ochre; brick-dust, chalk, !llum, rO'ck salt~ earth
from ant-:hill, impure ,stilphat~ of soda" and :red ear.th used iIi
colo11ring ,pots" il1 equal parts; rub together ,and 'strain :through
..clp{1:t. c:!}lac{t,1be,' .Jilix;t,u:re in, an, ,earthen pot, ~over it with
another Pilt, face. tb face,' lute .the ,twO! together. with lay~rs
of d?y and dolh. The 'pots' so -l.uted are' then lplac-ed 'oh' fire.
ahd heated fQt fuur days,~ after) w:hich they are opened, and
the, white camphor.;.like:<"deposit in :.~he 'upper-part:''is collecfed
for use"" A-preparation used by, fIakims in cases'"O ,syphilis
-is made of 'mercury, mastiche 'anai,sugar 9: mashas, olib-anum
15 mashas, and Frankincehse 7 mashas, tritufated and m'aue
into pi11s.: Dose .is. 3 mashas. continued 9r' a: w~ek, As" a
:tonic alterativ.e,:.,userul inLheiniplegi0">, paraplegia and: paralysis,
tm:
a pill, called Ekangav'eera Rasa containing Kajjali, Vanga

bhasma, Loaa bhasma, Naga bhasma. (Calcined Zinc), Tamrft
bhasmci, Abhraka bhaSma and Nux vomica is recommended.
pose Js 1 to 4 pills
2 grains each twice a day. A com::'
poWld, pill called Vataraktantaka Rasa containing mercury,
sulphur, iron, orpiment, realgar, silajit, triphala and a number of other vegetable, substances,. is recommended in nervous
dis.eases such as hemiplegia, paraplegia, facial paralysis,
rhe1J.lllatism. etc. Dose is 1 to 4 pills of- 2 grains each three
times a day:. "It was, .given to a case of nemiplegia in an old
,man with,considerable benefW';-(IIld, Drugs Report, Madras)...
Pradararipoo Rasa. containing cinnabar, Naga bhasma (calcin"
,ed, tin 9li .zinc), .Rasanjana (ex4"act of Berberis aristata) and
Symplocos racemosa is useful in leucorrhoea and chromc
diarrhoea. Dose is 1 to .4 pills three times a day with rice
water., "It proved to. be efficacious in :both the diseases":-,(Ind. DI:ugs Report, .Madras). For externaL appilcation in
syphilis (Mercury inunction)-48 grains of mercury is rubbed
over the body with the juice of leaves' 0:1) Michelia champaka
by hand as long as mercury does not entirely disappear. The
fomentation is'to be !lpplied by means' of'warmed hand applying over the body, to .facilitate absorption. The inunction is
to ,be done for 7 ,days. Av()id acids and salis; another method
is, that, about a drachm (48 grains) of mercury IS recommended, to be rubbed between the palms with the. juice of the
leaves of Sida, cordifolia 'till the globules of mercury are no
longer visible. The palms are then to be warmed over the
fire till perspiration breaks out from ihem.=-(Bhavaprakasha).
For (Mercury fumigation) fumigation in primary SyPhilis:
Mercury, sulphur and rice, each 192 grains, are pounded "together and made into a paste. The syphilitic, is subjected to
the fumigation for 7 days, by puffing each~part, into fire each
day;-about half a drachm of tlie, black sulphide mixed with
t part of wheat-flour is employed daily for seven days In succession.. In secondary syphilitic eruptions, a powder com.posed of two parts of cinnabar and one of realgar is used for
fumigation. About 15 grains of this is used at. a time.
Powders for fumigation are heated over a fire of jujtibe tree
woo~ ~nd the vapour is applied to the skin under cover in a
ot
83
closed room. In skin diseases like ringworm, eczema, prurigo,

psoriasis etc., several applications containing mercury are
used; e.g.:-Take of cinnabar, sulphur, red oxide of lead, rock
salt, seeds of Cassia tora, baberang, Cleome felina and the
root. of Aplotaxis auriculata. in equal parts, powder them and
reduce to a thin paste: with the juice of datura, neem or betel
leaves-(Sharangadhara). For lice in the hair, mercury
rubbed with datura or betel-leaf is recommended to be applied to the scalp-(Chakradatta). Oleate of mercury and
morphine is used as an external application in obstinate .and
painful. tonsillitis and inflammation of the lymphatic glands(Ringer). An ointment of cinnabar is applied to bring about
the resolution of buboes. An ointment made by boiling equal
parts of sweet oil and cinnabar till it becol1les bla<;k and then
adding to it camphor and stirring uniformly is a useful application over boils. A powder of Cinnabar, dusted into the eyes
is a useful collyrium to cure ()phthalmia.
29.
PLUMBUM
Sans.-Seesaka; Naga.
Eng.-:Lead.
Arab.-Ressas.
Pers.-:Anuk. Hind. & Ben.-$isa" Guj;-Kalun, sisun. Mah..
& Kon.-Shishay.
Tam.-'-Iyam. Tel.-Sheeshamu. Can.Sheesa. .Mal.-Tismahitam, Burm.-Khaipok.
Source.-Lead :never occurs free in Nature, but is generally met with as sulphide i.e. galena from which it is obtained
by rO.listing. It rarely occurs as oxide (minium) most frequently as carbonate (white lead ore'). The red oxide of
lead of minium was manufactured by the Ancients under the
name of Sindura.
Purification.-(l) Lead is prepaI:Eld anq purified by roasting galena (sulphide of lead) in a crucible, then dropping the
melted liquid through a hole into a vessel containing decoction
of triphala or in the milky juice of. Calotropis gigantea, when
cool it is. purified lead. (2) Leaves of lead ~e to' be smeared
with a paste of orpiment and the milky juice of Calotropis
gigantea and roasted in a covered crucible till the metal is
entirely killed. (Sir P. C. Ray's H. ofR. Ch., Vol. I, p. 114).
84
':\HE'
INDIAN
.Jl4ATERIA.
MEDICA
Characters.---,Lear;l is re?dily fusible; yery,heavy, presents

a black and brig~t apPf~rance on. fra;t'ure, is of foetid odour
and black e~tenor,. (SIr P. C. Ray s H, of H. Ch., Vol. I,
p . 112).. It -is l?luish gry, spft, flexible metal, very malleable
. and slightly tenaciou;' fr~ely soluble in nitric acid.. It is not
-son01:oUS when pure. When heated, to a white heat it volatilizes and the vapour when collected.is .known as oxide of
lead or flow~rs o lead; when heated to fusion and exposed to
a~r it forms a dross or pellicle or a yellow powder known as
protoxide of lead or Massicot (H:i7J-d.-Murdarsing); at q still
'higher temperature over a brisk fire i,t fot:ms crystalline scale~
of a hri~k fed colour: known as Litharge.
Methods of Preparatfon.-(f) Seesa bhasma or Naga
bhasrria (lead ash); it is prepared by reducing lead and calcining it with sulphide of Arsenic, then adding the juice of betel
leaves and rubbing into a fine powder. Dose is ! to 2 grains,
with milk. (2) "Take of lead 20 palas and apply strong heat
to it and drop into the molten metal one karsa of mercury and
throw into it one after another the ashes of Terminalia arjuna,
T. bellerica, pomegranate and Achyranthes aspera, weighing
. one pala each. The Vlass being vigorously stirred with an
,irori spoon for 20 nights in succession,- the metal IS calcined
yielding a bright red ash." (3) Rub lead with the jUlce of
Adhatoda vasica and melt it in an earthen pot, add to it onefourth of its weight the ashes of Adhatoda and Achyranthes
-asperq and stir the mass with a rod of Adhatoda vasica and
heat over a fir~. Repeat the process seven times. The lead
will be turned to vermiliop-like power".-(Sir P. C. Ray's H.
~of H. Ch.,. Vol. I" p. 113).
Action.-Se2sa bhasma IS astringent; it ~s also i3- diuretic

~d ver~ifl.lge (anthelmintic). 'Externally it is used as seda'tive and astringent.
Uses.-It is useful in urinary diseases and in expelling
'Wprms; in <;hron~c diarrhoea an<;l other chronic discharges as
'l~ucorrhoea, gonorr40e~, menorrhagia, excessive suppuration,
;itlc~r,atiou of the stomach,' i):1te,rpal haemorrhages as haemop~y'~i~, .hael!l-i3-t~mesis .(etc'j also., us~d in cough with profuse ex-
WITH AURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
85
pectoration, iri" mght sweats; also employed with benefit in

aneurism of the aorta, hypertrophy of the -heart and in epilepsy.
In caseous pneumonia it is giyen with digitalis and opium.
ExternaUy it is used in the form of ointni.ent for excoriations,
contusions, sprains, skin diseases accompanied with irritation
etc.; as a su1?po$i~ory it is lAsed, in haemorrhag~ from the rectum as weli as to so~the, t~e irritation, of .pile!,... Prof. Blair,
the Director of Can,c~r. Research at tIle Liverpool Infirmary,
has told' the ?:,oronto Academy Qf Medicip.e, of a number of
cases of cancer which }laye been, cured in. ~iy~rpool by the
injections of 1~C\d. Dr. Aqami, the Vice-C~an,c.ellot: q the
Liverpool Un~vers,~ty~ said thp.t.Prof. Blair's, declarations had
been forced as th~ J,"e!,uIt of ,astolllJ-ding cures. of <!- :n;umber 9(
cases that had, hitherto b~.en regarded as incurable. So many
of these cases had been cured that the matter could not be
kept prJvate any ionger., He B:dded that owing to tlr~ natur:e
of the treatment it .had peen pr9yed that it is possible to :treq._t
only those c.ases that hadpeen_~iven up as hOI?eless, He added
there had peen, case~ Qf .r:ecrudesc~nc.e o~g to dps~s being
too small but he declare9, that the, success achieved indicated
great strfdes-(Pr<!-cticaL M~dicine, Feh, 1926}.
P.LUMBI CARBONAS
30.
!
(Eng.-White lead; Basi<; Lead Cw_bonate; Fl,ak!Ol whiJ~

lead; Basic Carbonate of Pb .. (Plumbum); Hair powder.
Arab.-Isfedaj. Pers.-Sufeadba. Hind. Duk. & Ben.Sufeda, Guj. & Mah.-$J~peta; ,~arn.~Velliyya. Tel.-Shish.
Mal,-Timaputih) kfound in Nature both as cry'stallized and
in a massive statl; iTt IS a soft heavyIwhite powder, artificially
prEpared, 'by suspending sheets of lead bver the vapburs (;>:f
heated vinegar; when the! air' 'beCbmes charged with c_a~bo:ri_ic
acid gas a:nd: the vapour of viil:egar 'cottod~J the plates, ,th~
corroded rust when colled'ed' is known as Sufeda. It is "ru;ed
locally as sedative arid astringent, to protect irritated surfaces
as in erysipelas, erythema,' futeririgo etc. It should never be
used whew the skin' is broken or abraded. CombIned with
butter it 'is ufied :a~,biritrn1nt to eruphon~' on: 1he -scalp, -to s~per'!
86
,
ficial burns, over the unbroken skin in swollen and inflamed

parts and ex~oriations and in smal~ pox.
1
(
31. P.LUMBI OXIDVM

(Eng.-Lead oxide; Flowers of lead. Massicot; Litharge;
Monoxide of Lead. Arab. Pers. Hind. Ben. Duk. & Mq.h.Murdosing.
Guj.:--Bodarakakaro.
Tam. & Tel.-Mudarasingu.
Can.-Mudadashr"ingl.
Mal.-Niudarsinka)
is
met with in pieces or powder: It IS of a light yellow colour
mIxed with red and has a metallic lustre. It resembles mica
very much iti appearance. The powder is here and there impregnated with brick colored clay. In smell and taste it res-embles Gopichandana. It is a powerful local astringent,
cooling and an insecticide. It is never us~d internally, but
externally as ointment etc., for baldness, itching and skin
diseases. Its paste is a useful application tor unhealthy ulcers.
Dissolved in vinegar or in rosewater it is used in prickly heat,
for eczematous eruptions' and in removil}g freckles and acne,
Its ointment is used for closing wounds. An ointment composed of Oxide of lead '3, Rc:isakapur 1, (Tamarix orientalis) 2,
Simple oil 5 and wax 5 parts is a useful application to syphilitic
chancres. Its plaster called lead plaster or Litharge plaster, is
used to prevent b.ed sores, as a protective to wounds and
ulcers, and as an application to keep the dislodged parts in
:situ and also to relieve pain from the inflamed parts.
32.
PLUMBI OXIDUM RUBRUM
(Sans .....,.,.:a,aktanag; Sindu:r:a; Nag~ Sambhava. Eng.-Red

lead; Minium; Red Oxide;of Lead:; Lead oxidfl. Artib.,-Isrenj,
l!ers...:......Suraj-sang. Hind.--lngur. Ben. Guj . Dltk . .Mah. and
J{o:n.-Sindur. Can.-Shindhura. Tam.-Sagappusinduram.
Tel.-Yerrasendur~mu. Mal.-Chinturam; Galanggam. BUTm,
-H'sang) is obtained by heating oxide of lead to a v~ry high
temperature. It is bright, orange-red or red, granular" crystal~Ple powder. On applying mQre heat'it becomes 'redder than
purple and finally b1tlck. It ii a local stimulant, used as oint-
WITH A Yl}RVEDIC, UNANI &- HOME REMEDIES
87
1.Jl.ent or ,liniment in ~ruptiv~ 'skin: diseases as eczema,; pUstular

eruptions etc.; {o prqmQte maturation of boils and abscesses.,
and the healing proc~~es jn all kinds of ulcers and wounds.
As ointmen~ r_nade, of Sindura and powdered black pepper with
butter is ap'plied in chronic eczema" An oil called Sinduradyataila (Chakradatta) mCilde up of mustard oil one'seer, water.
four seers, sindura 4 tolas and cumin seed 8 tolas, boiled together in the usual way, is used in eczema and other eruptive
skin diseases. "The'powdl?r is used sometImes as 'a fumigation
in syphilis. Rajmrigank Rasa: which is used in phthisis and
chronic bronchitis, contains s.indura together wit,h some other
miner~ls as&oid, arsenic" copp~r ~nd sulp~lUr.
33. PLUMBI
,SUL~HURATUM
(PbS)
(Sans.-Anjana; Sauvlranjana; Krishna surma.

Eng.Gaiena; Sulppide of Lead. Pers.:-Anjana, Arab. Hind. ,Ben.
and other Indian Languages.-Surma) is obt~ed tr:Qm th~
mountains of Sauvira, a country along, th~ lnd,us, whence ~t
derives its name. Th Sulphide or Lead is of glirn.wering
lustre) and is an ore of lead" ~ccurs in cubic masses destit\lte
of rays and' is ta1mlar In its crystalline arrangement. SrotoJ1.;5ana ,or suffed' s1,Lrma (white ~urma) is produced in the Qed:
of Jamuna and other rivers. It, like the black SUTnta or
sauvir anjana is used as a <;ollYl'lum f6r the eyes, but is CQ:p.sidered inferior to the black surmOil or galena. Sauviranjana
or galena is w,\ed as a (!osmetic for the eYeS and IS supposed to
strengthen thes~ organs, Improve their appearance and pr~,
serve them from aisease. 1t enters' into the compqsition of.
some coliYrla for eye diseases: Galena heated over a fir~ an(
cooled in' 'a aecoctl.~n, of the thre~ :rpyrobaiqns for seven times,
in succession is rubbed wHh human milk ~d used in various~
eye dlseases_:'_(Sharangadhara\. 'Another preparation recom-'
mended by the same is made up of purified and melted lead
and mercury 1 pcii'i each; galelial two ,parts; 'rubbed' well and
reduced :to; powder, to' 'which is added alid, mixea: intimately
camphor 1/10th in weight of the 'maSs. 'This' preparation is
useful in eye diseases. Sticksomacfe of su.'T'7'IUi; camphor, tr1,phala.
'THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA-
88
r '.
miXed tDgether in juic~ of Eclipta prostrata, Eugenia jarribo~

lana and Citrus limoilUm and dried and made into sticks or
probes are used as an a~plicatl6h inside the lids in ophth~lmia:
Pessarie~ of suitable sizes ate rrfade 6f equci! 'p~J.:rts Of sulphide
of lead; rose petals; .olibanum, alum, borax, galls and gum
aJ:abic, for use 'as' astringent pessary.
.
, I
.34. p,OTASSll CARBONAS IMPURA;, POTASSIUM

CARBONATE
~r ''(Sa1is.__,:YavaksI1ara;tDarulawaii~. Eng.-lmpure ,or factitious carbonate of Potash; Impure 'potash carbo~a:te; Fot~sh
carbonate impure; Salt of TC!rtl:!r;. Pearl Ash; Potash. Arab.
& Hind.-Javakhar; Khar. Duk.-Jhas-ka-namak.
Guj.Kharo. Mah.-Jhadichamitha .. ' Kon.",-Papau:..Khar, Tam.Mara-uppu; Sambal-uppu; Yavacharam. Tel.-Mannu-uppu.
Mal.~Kar~in:; Pappatak-~ora':uJ?pu. CCl;n'-1VIa~:ada-upp~)_ ~
ftil,lhd In alJ the three ki.ri.gdoms of Nature, In the vegetaBle

:khigd6ril it is found either ,as carbonate of pot"a~.h or as' potash
in combination - with other organic acids.
Plants absorb . it'\
!
from the 'soil and 'when _incinerated their asnes give Yavaks1i~f.i:t. ,fSucculen( pian:t~ cqnta'iri' ~ l~rger p~ioRo;ti?n of it tlian,
tlie woody parts. "Impure potassium carbon.ate has been
kn:6WIi froin very, aricieht tlfues. Its principal ,source in India:
is wood a:sl_les' be'cause potash is 'an indispensable element for
the growth of most pia"rits.' But wh~re it is associated wi,tll
iliuch silica 'and phosphoric a<:;id the ashes cpniain not littie~
carbonate,
and are' not .avallable
for - the manufadu're
of' potash:
_
..4, . r. ,,....
This,. for instance, holds good for straw-ash. The value 9f. ai(
~sh for the manl,lfadw'~ of p_Qiash is c.hie'fly dependent up6n~
th:e~ quantity of potassic carhonate it' will yield upon the:
.
,""'.......'
."
.
).
abundance of the woc;>d or other vegetable "'prQduct and. the.
cost of' labour. The 'Undermentioned woods yiela on the
'rVeI:age, Jar ~OOO pat1;s, the fon~Wihg quailtiTi~s-,9f potash:j~~
-
s~
"
, "
~"'
't \ ' "
.,
..
"'f ' P~l)e- 0,45; Eee_ch ;:LA5;'; Qak' 1,53; Willow 2.85;' - Wheat;
'!'ltra:w 3.~Q; Barley 'stf.tw 5.80;' Vine-\v.ood 5.50;' stems .:on
.' ,maize (India,n, corn} 6.50.;. sunflower stemS 20:00;. :dried)
i: "wheatlplant, pr_evio.us to blooming 47.00.
"
WITH AYURVEDIO, 't:fNANI &: HOME- 'REMEDIES
89
The preparat.ion of potash frbm vegetable matter is affected

in three operations, 'viz: (1) The l~iviatioIi of the' ash; (2) The
boiling down_ of the crude liquor; (3) 'the calcination of the
crude potash.--'-("Industry", Calcutta, ;April 1942, p. 12). In:
the mineral.kingdQm 'it is bbtained from 'rocks where it exists'
as sulphates, nitrates, carbonates and silicates. It"is also
found in, the felspar bf gramte.' It is obtained by fusing rock~~
salt. It is an in:gredient b various mineral waters. Of 'the'
animal kingdom it is an-essential ctmstitiiehr. It IS found in
the milk, flesh and urme bf 'persons who take' citrate or tart..:
rate of pbtassiu.m. It. is' 'prepared by reducin~ to ashes thegreen spikes of the barley., 'dissolving the ashes in water,
straining the solution, ihr:dugh 'thick cloth and evaporafing It
over' the :fir~:'
resultihg salt is ,ii'clear amorphous powder
with a saline and partly. 'acid taste. Chemically it is carbonate
of potash w:ith' some implliities: ''It is -'stomachic', laxative,
diuretic; ant?cid, resolvent .and alterative. r
' ,
. l
The
'''1
Action &. '(jses in; AYUl;,yed q ~,Sid~hq,-Katu lavanct

rasam, ushna veery amI katu 'l'ipakam), tikshnam" ruksham,r
lagu, kaph~nl,!ascite~ due .to vatha, ,~tones;, mootra, krichram;
stom,llchi
rakta ,pittam, .pleeham.
c, .hear~-~onic,
.
.
,
'
Action, ~ Uses.~n.rUhani,-Hot j3, Dry 3 0 , carmfnatiye~

rem!wes" obstr4~tion in passages, in col~c, digestiv~, co,ugh.~
(Theiap~ulit' N6te~j. ~ ::
.
. '
n
+.
..
;".
'
".. .. I ...
.-Vses.-It iis used, in urinary- diseas~:;;, uric' acid 'diathesis,.

leading to 'gout and rheumatIsm, u'ter,ine'irritapility; piles
sh1tla (colic); cardi~lgia! :acid. eructation, dyspepsla!renlarge.:
rnent. pf lymp.batic. and, secretmg glands' as the breasts, testicles,.
mesenterje; ~nd scrofulous glands/also of the liver, spreeii andt
saliv(;lry" glands. Ardecoction' 'of' chebulic" mytoba:Iim-s an&
rohitaka bark (A. ~OO7', 7:oh~taka;) is given with! tlie"addItiofi 6:&
Carbonate of potash and long pepper in enlarged spleen and
liver and in tumours in the abdolllen called gulma-(.~ha1;'.anga-.
~ b . err
~ i- 'C
1I .
r,.t.'~ ':" .,1
it
dhar'a)'.'-'-In stranguryor ~ainful rriictUrition,' 'carbonate 'of
potash with stig~~' it chtiKi'([et~d' 'a' 'viI~~J.effi~~cious remedy.
Carbq~ate of rotash is given to p,ersons, who are gluttonous in
eating ~(l d1:'il!~~g~_ ' It.)s 'pseul :in:,:d{opsy. It ,enters, intOt
)
.",
I,
J.1 f
nil
11 .' "".
.-
91)
THE INDIAl'l' iMaTERIA MEDICA.
the <;omposition of numerous saline medicines. The follow~

ing are a few useful, simple r~medies:-(l) Yava~shara;. 10
grain~, leaf-,juice o~ Aahatoda yasaka, 10 dtops and clove
llowder 5 grains, mixeq together and, given with, ,betel-leaves
is us~f~l in bronchitis. J (2) A compound powder containing
Yavakshara~ Saindhava~ dry gihger, e.ach :5 parts; chebulic
myr obalan,.10 parts]r'~~ W~~q a~d ::gowdeI;ed is useful in doses
Qf 10 grains" with buttermilk or whey, ,Or co.nje.e or hot. lea; in:
cases of piles t dysentery,: c.olic etc., A modaka; 01; confection
contain~n~, powders, of Y,ava~shara .! tQla. triurit. and triphala
H ,tolas ea<;:l1, l?ab~ra,ng se~ds aI;ld rO\lncl 'pepper i tola :each;
mixed.. well with sugar ang ghee or tre~cle; is adminIstered in
required doses :as an ,all-round purgative, It is "very effective in. allaying abdominal cysts, pelVic cellUlitis, disiriclination to' f09d, inte~tinal worm!> and -many other diseaSes arising
out of t4e derang~d condition of Kapham ,and V(tyu" :(Kamala
Kanta Sharma, Jour, of Ayur. June 1925). (3) Karabudfn
Kadri recommends for emphysema, a compound pill, containing equal paris of Y avakshara~ long pepper and dried juice of
Cal6tropis giganlea; made intO' pills 'about the size of a pea.
Dose is one pill four times a 'day. Locally the solution of
carbonate of potash 'is hseful "in chronic' skin diseases such as
lepra, pityriasis, acne, urticaria, and lichen, relievi,ng itching
etc. Its solution is added to bath to relieve g01,lt and rheuqlatisrh and to promote the growth of eruptions, if suppressed, 'as
in measles, small-pox, scarlatina etc. Pundit J. L. Duveji prescribes an external application containing potassium carbonate
~ a "remedy for plague". It is thus prepared and applied"lVIix well Potassium Carbonate :in sesame oil and boil till a
thick consistency ,is arrived at. ,Apply this, coating: on the ill.:.
fected glands which should he well covered with betel leaves'.
Heat a bunch of cotton over the fire and 'apply this over the
cov~red ,glands: repeatedly so as' fo.'produce warmth".
~5.
POT.!\~SII
NITa-AS; or P. NITRICUM or POTASSIUM

NITRATE; POTASSIUM NITRAS
(San.-Yavakshara; Saindhava, ,Hind. Be~, Pun;." &

Duk.-Shorai SOl:a;.Shorakhar, Eng.-.:saltpetre; 'Nitre; Nif...
WITH AY.URVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIEs
91
rate of Potash;..Purified Nitre. Ar,ab.,-Abkar; Vbkir.. Pers.Shoraba; Shore. Hi~d. & Guj.-Shora. Mak.-Shora-mltha.
(}tj.-Shorakhar..
Tel.-Patlu-uppoo;
Chitloo-Bhusmoo,
Tam.-Pottil-uppu. Mat- Veti-uppu. Can.___,.Patluppu; Sendur lavana. Kon.-Sindurlavana. .sinh.~Potlunu. Malay.~
sundawa. Burm;-Yandzeing;, Yan-zin) occurs extensively in
Bengal, Punjab and Upper'India, naturally as an efflorescence
on the soil; but the nitre "obtained in the bazaars is generally
impure. For medicinal. use, the earth containing' the crude
salt is dissolved in water, strained. and recrystallised by boil..
ing and evaporation. It: is also obtained from collections of
the saline earth after the rains, from the land ~nundated during the rains and from mud~heaps, mud 'buildings~ and other
places on which it is formed and then subjected to a process
of solution and filtration. through a crude mud filter. The impure nitre is. known as. Dhoah and contains about 45 to 75. per
cent of the actual salt, the remainder being sulphate and
chloride: of sodium and .Insoluble matter. It is again dissolved
and crystallized before it is sent; under' the name 'of' Skora
Kalmi (refined) to the bazaars' for sale while' it IS fUrther recrystallized in Calcutta and elsewhere before being sold for
use. Pota$iiium nitrate in solutIon is a refr'igerant, efficient
diUretic and dlsphoretic" 1t acts on the vascular system' and
thus reduces the frequency of the pulse. Given in the solid
form or in concentrated solution it acts as irrItant, In WeaK
30futions, 1 to 2 drachms in quart of thin warm rice conjee
it is an excellent refrigerant drink .in fevers with :hot and dry
skin, parched tongue, with great thirst and scanty and highcoloured urine. It may' also be sweetened with honey' or sugai'candy; or tamarind .or lime juice: rimy' be added to improve the.
flavour if desired. It is 'useful also' in the-earlY'stages of dropSy,
in cases of smallpox, measles, influenza, catarrh, gonorrhoea,
acute rheumatism, bleeding from the lungs, stomach, uterus
or other' internal organs' attended by' fever. ' In colic, a powder containing nitre, black pepper and .sa.nchilla salt in equal
"parts is recommended to. be given in doses of io grains in li:i:nejuice, and in bronchitis.i~ children above 5 years, a powder
composed of nitre 5. sulphate of' iron. 'ammonium chloride and
Sulphur' 4 parts each 'is :recommended to ..be given, Dbse is i
92,
THE IlillIAN MATERIA MEDICA.
grain- (Khory) . A ,compound preparation known as Laghll.

Sankha Dravakam~ which sm~ls strongly of nitrous fumes
and which is made of <;!ountry rtitre 6' piLlams, alum. 4 palams,
Yavakshara, AmmoniUl;n chloride, borax and vit salt 2: palamS
each, and gandhaka vad~uppu (R nitre v.ariety)., soda. carbonas,
ferr6\ls sulphate, .coppei' sulphate and black salt (Suvarchala.,..
uppu) 1 pdlam each, all powdered and distilled, is recommel1d...
ed for the :J:elief o(allliver complaints, by Vaidyas: This was
te_s~~d by,Dx. Koman. and .he said:-"In one of my cases (cirr-,.
h()~is of the, Jiv..er with ascites) which is under lreatment from:
14th August 1918, it. is doing. some. good; as the patient h~d
tQ b.e tappe.d.only once. :Q.ve weeks ago, and very little fluid has
f!~c'ilm41ate.d since. ;then"-(Ind. Dt:ugs Report, Madras, Dec.
1918). .In gonorrhgea a. mixture of ,nitre 10 grains in a wine.
gla::;sJJ.llof.decQction of: Abelmoschus esculantus twice or thrice
a day' is a nice. remedy~ Zad,..Garib recommends 'a powde~
made qf e,qual~parts of saltpetre, cardamoms, cubebs, soap
~to.ne, olibanum ;ar;td Cucuma Ibnga. Dose is 3. mashas or 35
grains thre_e times a day. ,A'mixture of nitre 2 parts aJ].d leaf~
juic~< cif the. Radish 1 part is given in doses of 80: grains. ,to
relie.ve scalding and. retention 'of urine" also suppression. 'or
s~antiness of -qrine. A t::onfection made :of nitre .5, cinnamon
4, Ghehulic :myro1:>alah and Iris pseudocorus; each 3, cardamoms
5:a:nd sugar 2.0~ parts is used in' clu:onic. gonorrhoea and gleet.
pos~ i&, ,1 drg__chm. In, 'obstinate cases. of leucorrhoea a com..
bination, 9t nitre. 10 :gr.ains. and ,alum 5 grains IS recommended
to, 1JEl tak~gthr.ice daily:, It may be advantageously given with
infu~i6n .of .lV!Ql'inga r.oot. In the early stages of inflammatory
sore-thr:oatj.l:! small pkce of nitre allowed to. dissolve slowly
in- the mouth is a SucG~ssfutpQPu:lar r.emedy. .In asthma,
~hronic ~brQncl1itis and other ~p_asrriodic .cougps, inhalation of
th~ flJms 9f pw::ning nike p.apen;, previously soaked in satu:rate~l :sqlUtiR!l '.of ~11~ .nitr?,te..and dde.d (sometimes combined
with, D.attl,ra,and other drugs) gives. great'Xelief. For. this 'pur,.
P9S~,- pieces of, IIloderate.ly tqic: blottmg paper' are. usedi
.When~yer ian -attClck -threatens, cone or, if lnecessary" two .pieces
of this 'p~pe.:r::,,-a:re,,;burnt in. the patient's. bed-room so"that the:
.fume!,? may be freely inhaled, preferably at bed: time, care
peing t;:rM:e~ to preyent) the e&C~pe of the fumes; but~jt,snotild
WITH AYURYEDIC, UNANI "& HOME REMEDIES
93
not be held too near the face. or the. "fume's .may prove too irritating, and increase rather ~lJ.an Qiminish. the symptOl;ns. So:ution
of Nitre is a good toplcai application for br~ises a:l~d abrasions
and for the cure of freckles. Locally nitre is employed for the
relief Qf, headach~ and ,deliriJIm in feyers in the. .form of a
cold 'and agreeable lotion for the head, m~de by dissolving
two ounces each, of nitre and ,sal ammoniac in a. big ,bott1e full
.of water)' this is, applied by constant, relays of freshly:.wetted
clothes. In acute, rheumatism, a strong solution of nitre, (three
Qunces to a pint of water) fonns a more'soothing application
to the swollen arid painful joints; Cloths! saturated with it should
be kept constantly applied; the case which it affords is often
very great. Also internally it may be given in doses of 40
grains gradually increased t'o 60, 90, up to 120 grains twice
daily, the vehicle being half a ,pint of Warm ,ric~ cQnjee. The
quantity of nitre m,ay be dimini~hed as the severity of the
symptoms subsides.
L
, 3~, SIL.ICUM .(Eng.-Silicon).

S'6urce.-Vety common non-metallic element obtainable
in 3 different fdrms, the amorphous, the graphitoid: and the
crysta'lline-frbm Sillc? bi pure flint: found in Nature a's

Silicon dioxide in 'rocks, crystals, 's'and, flint, quartz, agate
and v~ri6u's' 'other stones, and in 'earths and day; also as Sili:..
cates 'in baysalt,' felspar, granite, I'p:ica, porPhyry' i.e'., minerals
and metallic oxides', etc.,'
.
,.
'
""',"
'
_" .
Manufl1c_ture.-Hea.~ toge.th~~ flu_orid~
of J?otas$~um an~
+prow
silicon with its ~1Jal w~ig~l of metallic 'potas~~1J??

the fused mass int9 cold -.,.vater, whell silicqn win pe left,
hind.
b~;-
Characters.,.--'Crystal or, . aqlor,phous; dry ,dark-brown

powder, Ilon~f4siple, insoluble, @d nQ!1-vola~ile. Heate<;1.in
"the air it l?ecom~s con,!e:r:~ecl mtQ ~.ilica. . '
Uses:-,-Usecl poth externally: or iIiterrtally, in the form of
an, alkaline> silicate chiefly-some 'forn1.s
dentifrIces, and
others in pharmacy.
.in.
'94
37. SILICATE OF ALUMINA

(Falspar or Clay)-See Aluminii Silicas .
.~
38. SILICaTE OF ALlJ.MINA, LIME
OXIDE OF IRON
(Ben. ~ Hind.-Gil. Ind. Bazaar.-Gil-i-abrorshi; Gil-e:Iar; Hasan dhup) is a variety of <;lay~ existing in amorphoUS
irregular' masses of' a :yellow colour of somewhat astringent
taste and o smell resembling that of Multani 'I'lULtj. It it found
in the deposit from minera1' sprfugs containing sulphur. Its
'action and uses are similar to those of M ultani mati.
39. SILICATE OF ALUMINA,
MAGNE~ilA
& OXIDE OF IRON"

(Eng.-Armenian Bole; Native Ferric-oxide. Pers.Gile-armani.
Arab.-Tene armani; Hajrarmani. Punj.Harmazi.
Hind:-Gheruniitti.' Mah.-Phula-geru. Tam.~ime-k~vikallu. Tel.---:Sima-kayirai) is a calcareous mineral
9ften made into small ca~es apd stamped with cer~ain im..,
pressions. It is us~ally prepared by mixing pipe-clay or com.mon chalk with oxide of iron or red ochre. It 'occurs ,in.
powder or irregular: pi~ces of a reddish, brown or variegated
colours. It is soft and 1'00;n~w.p.a~ heavy. On section it is
granular and sprinkled with white particles, and the cut portion resembles q piece of rhubarb. When exposed to the air,
it abi50rbs moisture very rapidly. If thrown into water it
re~diiy crumbles 'into atoms. When put "into the mouth it
sticks firmly to the tongue. It is renigerant, astringent, ab.sorbent and antiseptic. It is used as a powrozr-ror paste. Dose
1s 5 to 30 grains. Internally' 'the powder with, cream is given
'in advance Cqses of dysentery. A past~ made of it 2 parts,
alum 4 and rose water 10 paris is given iriternally for scalding
in the urine. Ex.terrt.ally a, paste of it is applied to inflamed
,and swollen glands, al.5o to ulcers and raw surfaces. A paste
of it and Vernonia anthelmintica equal parts with a sufficient
quantity of Subja-no-t;asa (Cannabis sativa) makes a useful
"
'
WITH AYURVEDICj UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
95
application to glandular' swellings. Gopichandan and' M ultani

mati (Eng,;-Fulle.r's Ear:th. Pers.-Gil. Tam. & Tel.-Gope)
are both varieties of Armenian Bole.
40. SILICATE OF ALUMINA & OXIDE OF IRON

(Eng,-Bole Ru'bra; Red Earth; Ruddle qr Red Ochr~.
pers.-Gile-surkh., Arab.-:MagrahaL B,ans.-Gairika; Rakan,;"
pashana, Htnd.-Gerumat~. Mah.-Gerl..l. ram. Tel. &, G~j.
-Sona-gerui Hiringl powdee) ,is a clay fol,lp-p,. ~. lead an~
iron are and contains an exce~s ofoxide of i:r;OI;l over any oth~.r
clay. There are two yarieties:-bole (yellow) and r~d o~hr.e,.
Th~ rea ochre cori~in~ more iron than' the bole ~n,d is :used. in
me~i<;:ine. ~t sometimes O~Cllrs. in powder .and sometim~s as
hard' I?ieces, ,', ~ Gairika': hematite, "Which ,is r.ed Md often hard,
and 'limonite which is yellow or qr.own:, both occur in the
form of ochres.';-Sir P. C. Ray. H rapldly (iqsorqs water if
poured u.l?on it, It is .~uri11.ea by being spaked, in ..:qli1~ seyen
times~ and is sweetish, astr~ngent, cooling, useful as a, local
application to burns, ulcers, boHs, pustular eruption~ and
aphthous sores about the mouth. It is rarely used internally
except as an ingredient of ,some compound preparations containing a large number of mineral drugs, for .instance Jvarakunjara Paridrii Rasd \vhich contains nearly all the mineral
substances. Bes~d~s gairilca sev~ral other, varieties of earth
ar~ oc.casio~~ily ~se<i, in medicine; ,e.g.-:-;_a sweet .~G~nted ear.tb.
brought frol1l Sl..lrat and, called $aura)$tra Mrit~ika is, ps:trin~
gent ana usefl,ll in, haemorrhag~~. It enters into the co~posi:
tion of severaL ~f;dic.ines for ,r~li~yipg bleeding from internal
organs.
41., SILICATE OF
. .- LIME
~
(Eng.-Fossil :encrinite. Pers.-Sang-e-yahuda. Hind; &

Bom.-Hijrata,.Hciu) is''a fossil stone occurring as a petrified,
oplong,: o.btus,ely ,pointed' fruit sometimes with a ~talk. It is
about -! to 1l inches'long; The surface is 'ribbed Tongitudinally; each rib is tub~rculated. Extei"oaliy the colour is dirty;.
r
...96,
THE INDIAN MA-:rERIA MEDICA
with dar~ b:t;"own :iurrows, and greenish white

A paste oUt ~s :wepC\+,.eg by' 'PPlu:;jhg boiling water on
the stone and allowing the ip.JlS~ to cool. A bhasma.is -prepared by braying the stone in lime-juice and incinerating. It
is cooling and demulcent and given in gonorrhoea with benefit.
As a drink itJ is use{1,ll to c.h~l_( VQmiting. A paste made of
the bhasma brayed in lime juice is a usehll application to
vesicular eruptions in children, to itch, rjhgworm etc. Sang-eSira Mahi is also a Silicate o( Hme, a v~rJety o lime stonel
resembling in colour, form <pid ?ppearance, human incisor
,teeth. Externally it Is ~hining, glabrous and of a brownish
'white -colour, biconvex an"d broad at ~ne end ana obtuse at tbe
other. The action and uses are simllar to those of Sang-e,.,
:Isa:ma ~hich is. the Silicate and Su1Ilhate of' Hn{e. "It 'is a kind
:of marble, 'of various' sIies, of a dark broWI;l. col'orl po_Hshed
smooth and mottl~d with ,light-re<,i. spots; when cut fnto, the
m'terr6r 'Is of; a de~p grey colour and looks as if 'sprinkled with
particTes of mica. 'Brayed in wat,er it is used as a diuretic
and llthonttiptic; it 'IS giVen In I'eten~itm of urille and..iIi
diseases of the u'rinary org?ns. Externally it is applied as ~
cure for itch and other chronic skin diseases.,
grey
t~aversed
~ithin.
. f
~2.
,. '
SILICATE OJ.<' ,M~GNESI1)..
(Eng ...---JHYdrated Magnesium Si1ica~e; So~p stone; Talc .
.Pers: &- Hind;::""':"Singe jerciliata. Mah.-Shankh~ jiri. Guj._:'

'Sailkha Jlrun. Can.-Ve~saj. Tam.-Bulpam) occurs in
hrownish-white br grey flat 'irregular pieces 01:: thIck inasses~
-smooth and unctuous to the touch, appeatlng like a soap. It
is insoluble in water, tasteless, easily puverizable, yielding
soft slippery powder. On section the cut sll.l'face is silvery,
shining and granular. It is a powerful astringent, desiccant
and styptic. Dose is 5 to 20 grains. With milk, cream or
brown sugar), it is used interbally'iIi 'dysentery, diai1r'hoea,
menorrhagia ~nd leucof,rhoea.~ -A compoUnd powder 'ihade up
of the soap-stone and. V~1I,saJa,vcina (Silici!)us', concretions' of
bamboo) .~ part~ flach, clloebs ana cardamoms 4 parts each,'\is
,~sed:- i~: gonorrhoe-a, 9y~entery~ menorrhagia etc., in doses of
97
10 to 15 grains. Locally it is applied to syphiHtic sores' and

ulcers; also checks bleeding from the nose and wounds!, A
compound ointment made of Sankhajiru'l1' 5~ asafoetida and
J{ide of lead, each 2 parts, Kamala 3, neem leaves 4, wax
~nd simple oil each 10' parts, is usefur for foul ulcers, chancres
etc. A paste of it is applied with' whey to hurns and scalds
with benefit. A paste made of it with catechu (5 to 1 part
respectively) with the addition: of sufficient ghee is a useful
application in: syphilitic ulcers and sores.
43. SIUCATE OF MAGNESIA
&. iRON
(Sans.-Gorochana. E'I1g.-Bezoar st0l1:e; }Vlineral stonei

Sapent stone. Pers.-Padzahre~kanf. Ardb.-Faduj madanl
or Badzabra; Hazr-ul-bahr. Hind.-Pedaru bazara. Duk.l{ani-pas-zehar. 'Bom.""":Pouzera Madani. Guj.-Zera Mohra.
Sinh.-Visagul. Tam.-Vishq-kallu; Pamu 'kallu.
Ter.Geruda-petsaprai) is a variety 6f soap stone occurring in very
hregular and angular pieces of light yellow colour of various
shapes and sizes, 1t res,embles pieces of marble or tamarind
stone.. The surface is generally rough. '1;'he taste ~s astringent. T4e smell resembles that of pipe clay. It is a I;lervine
tonic, deobstruent and astrJ.ngent. Dose, is 1 to 2 grains. It
is used in cholera, obstinate vomiting, diarrhoea in children
and in profuse or troublesome and' ,painful meI;lstruation. f\.
paste of it is uS,ed as a gargle in salivC!t~Qn. With Ter~nalia
chebula its paste 'is applied; .to the, mout4 of childre!l in stQma.,
titis.
Silico-Fluoride of Sodhim.-See
under Sodium.
'Sodii
Silicofluoridum;
44.; SAr;INE SUBSTANCES

Saline substances inClude Salts and Saline earths.
are two varieties of salts us'ed in MediCine:-(a) Those
exist in Nature and are known as naturai salts and (l;
which are art~ficially prepared. The 'natural salts
7
There
which
those
are:-
98,
(1) Saindhava; (2) Samudra lavana; (3) Sambhar. Susruta

describes the following yarieties of salts viz., (1) Saindhava;
(2) Samudra; (3) Vit' or Vid lavuna, (4) Sauvarchulai
(5) Romaku; (6) Audbltid; (7) Gutika; (8) Pansuju also
called U shasuta. The fi~st, five pass by tM name of Paneha
la~ana or the five salts and are of~en used in combination.,
Pancha lavana is a carminativ~, laxative,. stomachic, tonic,
given in colic,. indigestion, and, enlargement of the liver and
spleen. It is made up of Saindhava 1, Samudra 2, Sambara.
3, Sanchal 4, and Vid lavana 5 parts. The other varieties of
salts are rarely used in medicine. Audbhid lavana is a name
applied to .Shor.a or sal,t-petre.
Saindhava literally means produced in Sindh, or the country along the, Indus. The term ,is applied to rock salt which
is regarded as the best of salts. Three varieties of rock salt
are recognized, viz., white, red and crystalline. The pur~
\vhite crystalline salt is preferred for medicinal use. ;For alimentary purposes also, rock salt "is considered superior to the
other varieties.
Samudra literally means produced from the sea, i.e.,
derived from the evaporation of sea-water. 'The term is applied to sun-dried sea:-salt~ which is called karkach. OrthodoX'
people 'consIder common salt as "impure owing to its having
undergone the process of boiling, and who take only rock salt.
substitute karkach for rock salt', if the latter is not available.
Sun-dried sea-salt is described as somewhat bitter and laxative. In other respects its properties resemble those of rock
salt. Uses:-In the place of gauze, ordinary 'pichu' or clean
cotton or a piece of cloth boiled in Samudra Lavana 1. tola
and hot water 1 measure or padi (120 tolas) may be used fo~
ulcers, wounds or abscesses after their operation. These
pieces of cloth may be preserved in wide-mouthed glass bottles
closed so as not to be contaminated with dust.
Source.-Vit lavana, Vida or Vidam is an artificially prepared salt in dark-red shining granules, in Upper India chiefly
at Bhewani in Hissar Dist, (Sans.-Krishna lavana; Sancha1,
Enp.-Black salt; Sa,nchlill Salt. Hind.-Padelon; Kalanimait.
99
Ben.-Kale-nun. Mah.-I<:.alamith). It has a mild, saline

and somewhat nauseous taste. "The salt has a reddish-brown
colour and consists mainly of Sodium Chloride with traces of
sodium sulphate, alumina, magnesia, ferric oxide, and sulphide of iron. 'Most of the samples ex;;tmin~ were found to
evolve minute quantities of sulphuretted hydrogen when
treated with an acid; even, when placed in the mouth the taste
of this gas was distinctly felt. It is very probable that when
the saline mass is fused with the organic matter (T .. Chebula),
a portion of the sodium sulphC\te is reduced to sulphide, which
by double decomposition converts the traces of iron salt present into the sulphide'. The sulphide was detected both in
the insoluble residue as (FeS) as well as in the aqueous extract".-.(Sir P. C. Ray;s H. of H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 245). It is
manufactured thus:1st Method:-56 ibs. of 'sambar salt are mixed with 20
ounces of dried emblic myrobalans; t of these materials is put
into a round earthen pot with a narrow mouth, which is put
in a fire-place made of clay. The fire-place has 'a hole at the
bottom for introqucing the fire-wood. After the fire has been
lighted about an hour, aJ;ld. the materials in the pot apJ?ear to
be heated, the rest of th~ materials are added by degrees.
The whole is then exposed to a strong red heat for about 6
hours. The fire is then allowed to die away, and the pot to
cool; which upon p~ipg broken is. found to contain about 48
lbs. of Vitlavan.
2nd Method:-"Heat together in a large earthen pot
82 lbs. of common salt, 1 lb. of the fruit of Terminalia chebula,
and lIb. of Phyllanthus emblica, and 1 lb. of impure carbonate
of soda, until by fusion of .the salt the ingredients are well
mixed, when the pot is removed rom the fire and its contents
allowed to cool .and form a hard cellular mass".-(Sir P. C.
Ray).
Vitlavana, besides PQss.essing the properties of salts in

general, is carminative, aperient, tonic and stomachic, and
useful in enlarged spleen and livet:, flatulence, colic, dyspepsia,
indigestion, bowel complaints etc.
100
Sauvarchala (Hind.-Sonchal; Kalanimak. Bom. & Mah.

-Soratimati.
Can."'-Turarimannu.
Ben.-Saurastra-mrutI
tika) is aromatic, agreeable and digestive and useful in the
same sort of cases as Vitlavana. It is "a dark coloured salt
made by dissoiving cominon salt in a solution of 'sajimati'
(crude soda) and evaporc(ting it; this salt contains chloride of
sodium, sulphate of soda, caustic soda but rio carbonate of
soda". It is "stomachic, digestive, purgative, demulcent, bilious and beneficial in SuIa, abdominal tumours, intestinal
worms and dyseriteryl'.-(N. N. Sen Gupta).
Romaka, also called Sakambari, Sa.mb-harnuna or GodaIavana, is the s~lt produced from the Sambar Lake near Aj"mer. It is called Vadagru mithu ip Bombay, Savara mith in
Hindi, Sambar luna or mitha in Marathi. It is obtained by
the evaporation of salt water from the river in the shape of
clear rhomboidal crystals like alum. It has a pungent taste
and is laxative and diuretic, in addition to possessing the
other properties of salts. It is said to be the best and purest
of evaporated salts.,
Audbhid (Vern.-Reha; Kalar) which enters in the composition of 'panch-tavana', is producetl of itself from the eartQ,
as efflorescences on reh lands. "The efflorescences thus produced consist of three groups; 1st: the neutral, which contain
no carbonate of soda (these consist chiefly of sodium chloride
and sulphate, and frequently magnesium sulphate); 2nd: the
alkaline chlorides and sulphates, but no lime or magnesian
salt; 3rd: the nitrous efflorescences". (Dr. Center's Note on
Reh quoted in Watt's Dictionary of the "E.:::onomic Productsof India", Vol. VI Part I, pp. 410-417.) "This is a ready ex,planation of the conversion of mercury and other metals into
their chlorides when they are heated in cQmbination with
audvidlL and other salts. The magnesium sulphate would
readily yield sulphuric acid, which with sodium chloridE;! anq.
nitre, might be expected to produce aqua regia 1.l. (for further
information, see under "Rasakarpura" or the chlorides of
mercury). It contains 'principally of sulphate of soda (sodium
.sulphate) with a little chloride of sodium, (sodium chlorIde).
In addition, there are,sometim~s carbonate of soda, and some
WITH AYURVEDIC, lJN:ANI & HOME REMEDIES
101
rnagne$ium sulphate. It is alkaline, bitter, pungent and'

nauseating. It is said to 'be so. abundant in some parts of the
punjab as to render the soil quite barren. Some physicians
or rather writ~rs substitute this article for sam-bar salt in the
composition of pancha 'lava""a or the five salts.
Cutika salt, mentioned by Susruta and some later writers,

cannot be identified C;lt present. The name gutika is s1;lid to
be derived from the ,circumst,ances of the salt assuming a hard,
granular or nodular shape from boiling; so that it is 'a sort of
bailed salt. Susruta describes it as stomachic, digestive and
laxative.
Pansuja or U shasuta literally means, salt manufactured
fram saline earth. Panga or common salt, manufactured from
earth impregnated with salt water, would come under this
head, It is !'demulcent, stimulant, stomachic, generative of
digestive fire, laxative, bilious and pro.ductive of burning".~'
(N. N. Sen Gupta).
The saline ear.ths include:-(l) Javakhara. (Po.tash Carbanate impure); (2) Navasagara (Ammonium Chlaride);
(3) Papadkhar (Pearl Ash); (4) Sajikhara (Carbonate of.
Sada); (5) Sharakhar (Saltpetre); (6) Tankankhar (Borax).
45.
SOOII CARBONAS IMPURA or SODIUM

CARBONATE
Sans.--:Sarjikakshara; Trona or nairan'.

Eng.-Dhobi's
earth; Washing Soda; Salsoda; Crude carbanate ,of soda or
sulphate of soda; soda carbonate; Barilla; Sodiull). Carbanate
-Crystalline; Soda Ash; Soda crystals;' Crystai carbonate.
Pers.-Shikhara;
Tine-gazur.
Arab.-THe-milahul-gi1e.
Hind. Cuj. Mah. & Kon.-Sajji~har; 8ajikhara. Duk.-Courka-namak; Sajjinoon. Tel.-Savite-maIinupu. 'Tam.~Choan
tao-munnoo; Sanchhikaram.
Source'& V<;!rieties;-There al:e threer vati~ties ,af Carpo,nate of Soda, each ,knQwn ,by its peculia;r; chataders. These
are:-l. Sajjikhar or Barilla; 2. Sajjikhar..,naphul or Wa'sh~
102
lng Soda or Soda crystals; 3. Bangada-khara or very impure'

carbonate of soda, which contains a large quantity of Silica.
All these varieties are found fn the ashes of Chenopodiaceous'
plants, a species of salt )vOfits ~rowing near the sea. "Crude,
carbonate or sulphate 6 soda is an alkaline earth found in
large quantities where white granite forms the sub-soil. It is
generally found in the hot weather as an efflorescent sandy
deposit covering large tracts of open country. It is scraped
off the surface t6 about 3 inches deep and then boiled with a
little quicklime and made into cubes for sale, in cart-loads.
Also obtained from keip or barilla by incinerating sea-weeds,
from Dhobi's earth by adding quick lime to the earth, and
boiling repeatedly with water.
Constituents.--It contains 25 p.c., of Sodium carbonate.
Sodium carbonate (washing soda) is obtained by lixiviation
and crystallization of barilla. Chemically it consists of carbonate of soda with certain impurities such as organic matter,
sulphate of soda, potash etc.
Characters.-It occurs In porous, granular masses, of a
greyish white color or as heavy hard pieces, with a strong
alkaline taste of soda.
Action.-It is antacid and alterative; also a diuretic. The
properties are generally like those of Yavakshara, but inferior
to it.
Uses.-It is useful in dyspepsia with vomiting, diarrhoea
and flatulence. It is an efficient remedy in urinary diseases,
as uric acid, gravel and suppression of urine. In Bright's
disease of the kidney with abundant sediment in the urine; and
in diabetes the habitual use of this salt has a marked beneficial effect. In rheumatism and gout SajjikTfar is given internally with benefit. A, powder known as Sajjikadya Churna
made up of Sarjikshara and Yavak:shara and Pancha lavana
all equal parts, powdered and soaked in lemon-juice or the
juice of pomagranate fruits and dried ill the sun, cures dyspepsia with severe' pain 'after meals, ascites and loss of appetite. Dose is 20 grains-(Sharangadhara). A powder made
of' Sarjikakshara andrYavaksfCara 5 parts each, dry ginger and
WITH A YURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES'
103
Sanchala 4 parts each and pipli 3 parts is given in hot tea for
colicl indigestion etc. In amenorrhoea a paste made in milk,
of equal parts of Sajjikhar~ nayaphataki pana (Heart pea),
sweet, flag and Asana is usefuL Dose is 1. drachm. It is used
in the form of a bath in lichen, prurigo lepr:a and pityrial'lis;
also in burns of the s~cond and third degree. In herpes of the
,Scalp anp, in, scaly disease~ Q~ the ~kin it is an efflcien,t tqpical
remedy. A sa,t4rated salutian of it is applied to burJ?~ and
I'lcalds, alsa, to rhE;!u.matic, joints. A cry?taJ of socia dipped ~nto
water and then gently appHed to' the burnt spat gives instantaneous relief of pain in hl,lrns of the first degree. In those of
the 2nd and 3rd degree, a compress wet with a 10 p.c. solution
-of the sada may be applied. A week solution of it is in]~cted
inta the vagina to check leucorrhoea. A paste made of equal
parts o~ Y?-vakshara and ~aOjik.1J,ara with watfi!r is aI?plied to
abscesses for opening them and f<;>,r the r:emoval \)f local ,inflammatian. An ointment made ~f Sajjikhar, slaked lime and
seeds of Psaralea corylifdlia each 4 parts and copper sulphate
1 part and ghee 4 parts is useful in itch.
46. SODII BIBORAS; S:. BORAS
Sans.-Tankana; Tunkana; ,Rasashodhan. Eng.-Sodium

Biborate; Sodium Bar~t~;"Biborate of Soda; BOJ;"ax tynkal;
Borax; Biborate .of Sodium; Pyraboratfi! .or Tetraborate Sodium; Sap,ium Pyroboratfi!. Hind:-Tinkal; Tincal; Soha~a.
Ben. Dt~k, & punj.:-Sohaga; S-uhaga; Tinkar; rillkql. Kash.
~Vavut.
,A rab.:-Buraekes-saghah.
Pers.;-Tinkar-t~mkar.
Tib2tan~Chusal, Bom. & Guj.-Tankan-khar; Kuddia-khC:\r.
Kon. & Mah.-Kankankhar. Tei.-VelHgaram; Elegaram.
Tam.- Venkaram; Y1).garam. Mal.-P.onk9.r?ffi. Can.-Bili.,.
gara.
Si'!'Lh,-Plol,shq:ra., .Bur,m.-Lakqiya. ",M:alay.__:Pijar;
,Palleri.
Source.-It occurs as a :natural deposit. Crude barax is
found in masses by evaporatIon: of water', on shores of dried
'up lakes in India and Tib~t; ifis also' obtained"from'the mud
:0 lakes surrounded 'bY' hIlls in Nepal. In this' crude state it
is known as Sohagoor or' tinkala. When purified by dissolving
104
THE
INDIA~
MATERIA MEDICA
,it in water, straining through cloth; evaporating to dryness

and crystallizing, it is, call~;d borax or tankan khar.
Characters.-It is c0iri.pased of boric acid and soda. In
the native state it exists 'asl an impure saline incrustation ot a
dirty-white colour. It exists as cr;ystalline tough masses or
in the form of translucent irregular masses. Exposed to the
aIr it becomes opaque. Another' yariety known as TeLio
tankana is an impure' salt met with in smaIl pieces or smooth',
translucent SIx-sided' prIsms. The colour is greyish-white; on
exposure it becomes opaque or dirty white. It has a faintly
balsamic odour and tastes like papalia khar.
-Purification.-Borax is purified py being steeped for a
in KanjiklA (whey) q~<;l dried ip th~ sun.
nigh~
Action.-Diuretic, emmenagogue, astringent, antacid and

local sedative and antiseptic:
Uses.-B()rax is given internally .in dpse,s varying from
10-30 grains, in acidity of the stomach, amenorrhoea, dysmenorrhrea, menorrhagia, puerperal convulsions and to promote uterine pains during labour. As a solvent it is given in
uric acid diathesis with good re'sults: "Dose is from 20 to 40
grains for an adult. In tbe Kaphaja, type of fevers a pill
~aiied Kapha-ketu. 'Rasa made of. aconite, bora~ and reduce~
conch-shell in ~qual parts, powdered, mi~ed' well and soaked
over three times in the JUIce of fresh ginger and made mt6
pills of' two grains each is given with 'honey and ginger-Juice.
ThIS' is 'used in all sorts of phlegmatic complaints from common catarrh to bronchitis and pneumonia, even 'attended with
discharges {rom 'the ears and the n'bse. In prolonged and
tedious labours due to want of action or power 111 the uteruS
to expel the foetus; and in abortion under the same circurristances, 30 grains of borax with 10 grains of powdered cinna:..
mon in a little warm conjee may be given everyone or two
hours to the e?'tent of three or- ,four doses. This_ may al?o be
'given in convulsions attendant on labour. In cases of suspen::sion or irregl,llarity of the menstr.ual discharge and in ~OJ;ne
chronic uterine, 'affections, dose? of 10 gr;lins with 10 grains
of cinnamon :occasi9nally' prove useful. It acts with betel:-
WITH AYURVEDIC; UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
105
juice in, 4 to 8 gr?in doses' as preventive of ague. In smap'

dosEs it is given to children as a laxative. It is also used in
loss of appetite;. painful dyspepsia, cough, asthma and diarrhoea. As an antiseptic" it destroys low vegetable organisms,
hence given ih foe tid. stools of diar:rhoea in children., As a
~edat~ve to the mucQus membranes in irritable .condition of
the j'a4ces and. pharyIJ.;X, in chronic bronchitis of children, in
cystitis etc~, it is given with benefit. A few -grains of borax
or boric- acid wHl sometimes remove an obstinate cough in a
young child, and espeGially if this ,be associated with an ,irrit-:
able cQJ)ditibn of t4~ fauces orpharynx-(JudSOri). Glycerine
of bora~ i,n 10 to 20 drQp-dos.es is very beneficial in the treat.,
ment of 'Surllm~r diarrhoea of infants. It checks the griping
pains, deodorises' the -offensive motions. and stops the diarrhrea
(Dr. E. A. SymRson). IUs used by:Hakims and Vaids in the
convulsions of infants and children, in doses of 1 to 5 grains~
given in m_other,'s milk, according to the age of the child. Five
grains of 'borax -and thr.ee :grains of pepper with a teaspoonful
of honey, given thri.ce a day is' v~ry effective for bronchitis
and asthma in agultsi forchildren the. dose is proportionate to
thei:r; age. ~L'{e grains of borax eaten with betel leaves has
been found to be effective in .importance. Five-grain doses
with tre?cle has been employed. .as, a, deobstruent in internal
tumours of the apdomen.~ In epilepsy it is useful where brQmides have no effect. Dr. Gowars has found borax useful in
some c~ses of inveterate epilepsy in which bromide has no
influence; but that the, influence of borax is not comparable
to that of bromides in cases in which this is effective. He says
that the administration of the drug may be continued for years
in dose.s, of 15, to 30 grains thriCe a day after mel;i1s; witho).lt
any' ill effects beyond a possible eruption of psoriasis ameJ:1able
to arsenic. Gastro-intestinal disturbance usually occurs at
the beginning of the treatment, but diminution of the dose is
said to be all that is :necessary to correct this. 'Borax enters
into the composition of numerous f~rmulae: for dyspepsia, loss
of appetite and indigestion, 'silch as the' An~ritak(Llpa rasa,
Tanka:rtadi Vati etc. A'mritakalpa rasa. is. prepared thus:---'
Take of .mercury, sulphur and aconite, one ,part each, borax
three parts, soak them for three days in the fuice 'of: Wedelia
106
calendulacea and make into two-grain pills. Tankanadi vati

contains the above ingrediepts with the addition of ginger and
black pepper, all in equal parts. Another pill composed of
borax, nitre, a:safoetida, Krintham, (magnetic oxide of iron),
purified iron pyrites, opium, garlic, kernel of bonduc seeds;
all in equal parts powdered, groUhd in ginger-juice and turned
into 2 or 2!- grain pills, is given in painful dyspepsia; a iaxative of triphala should be given. A mixture of equal parts of
borax, long pepper and baberang seeds is given for five days
at the menstrual periods for the purpose of preventing conception. It is also used for procuring; abortion and inducing
labour pains. The follQwing are 'some useful 'prep'arations
containing borax:----,(1) Take of borax, aconite, Alpotaxis
auriculata, alum, long pepper, Embelia ribes, cloves, nutmeg
and Helleborus niger. Mix and make a 'pill mass in honey.
Dose is 2 to 5 grains, given with betel; leaves, in cough.
-(2) Take of Borax, 'impure~ carbonate of potash, trikatu;
triphala, Curcuma longa, pancha lavana, Cassia: 'lanceolata
powder, Embelia ribes and Aconitum heterophyllum equal
parts and Balsamodendron 'mukul equal in weight to all. Mix:
and make a pill mass. Dose is 3 to 5 grains; given in milk or
Conjee; useful in -gonorrhoea; rheumatism,. heart disease;
epilepsy, hysteria etc. (3) Take of Borax 4, ,Pinus 10ngifolia
3, black pepper 2, Anacylus pyrethrum 2, Datura seeds 3
and aconite 2 parts. Mix, add honey and make a pill mass.
Dose is 5 grains, to be given in the juice of betel leaves, for
asthma. (4) Take of Borax 2, triphala, dry ginger, long pepper, coriander seeds; cumin seeds, sanchala salt, each 1 part,
cinnabar, Ferri peroxidum, sulphur, and black pepper each
2_ parts and. honey 5 parts:. Mix and make a pill mass. Dose
is 5 grains. Used in chronic bronchitis with profuse expectoration.
Externally borax is used in lotion (1 in 40 of water) in

acne, freckles, chloasma 'etc., to allay itching in urtIcaria,
psoriasis, pruritus pudendi, vulvi, -scroti and ani, in gangren-ous buboes, and, sloughing ulcers: It is _applied on rags well over
the whole sore. and renewed frequently by night and day .
.For' dressing Delhi sorefi and ,other forms, of ulcer?, and
107
for stimulating them to healthy action a favourite application

is an ointment made of a mixture of borax, sulphur and
catechu, one drachm each in fine powder and qn -ounce of
ghe e . To sore nipples and in prickly heat and other- forms of
skin eruptiQns, a soLution of borax (1 in 8) is applied before
and after sucking the infant; or it may be employed in the
form of ointment 1 in 8 of ghee. These applications are also:
serviceable in inflamed and painful piles, In the. distressing
irritation of the genital organs both in males and females,
cloths saturated with a strong solution of borax (1 in 16) kept
to the parts afford much relief. In the case of women, the
solution should be used' in the' form of vc;lginal injection. The
solution (1 in 5) proves very :useful ai? injection in cystitis,
leucorrhoea and gonorrhoea and in lithic acid deposits. In
the treatment of vaginal leucorrhoea. Rosch deposits in the
fornix 0.5 gm. (7 or 8 grains) of boric, acid at first daily and
then three times a week. The course of treatment lasts from
one to three weeks. For ringworm a solution of borax in
distilled vinegar (1 in 16) is an effectuaL application. In
aphthae or thrush and soreness of mouth or throat to parasitic
stomatitis, to the urethra in urethritis, to cra'cked tongue, a
mixture 6f one drachm of powdered borax and one ounce of
honey or other suitable vehicle, is an excellent application,
especially suitable to infants and young children; for this the
official MeL Boracis and GLycerinum Boracis are efficient substitutes. It should be applied with the flnger. to the spot
twice or thr'ice daily. In hoarseness of the, throat ,to which
songsters are liable it is' locally applied with benefit. In ul..;
ceration of mouth, fissures or cracks in the tongue ih adults,
which occur in the advanced stages' of' consumption, fever,
etc., an application twice the strength of the above proves
highly serviceable. In mercurial sa~vation a solution of
borax (1 jn 16 of water) makes an excellent gargle. As a
resolvant of enlarged glands and tumours,- a paste made of
equal parts' of borax, alum and milk-curd is -applied. BorogLycerine (1 in 45) is use~ul as an antiseptic lotion in purulent
ophthalmia and diphtheria.
108
47.
SODn S.ll-ICOFLUORIDUM
(Sodium F'luosilicate or Sodium Fluosilicas, Silicefluoride

of Sodium, Sodium Silicofluoride) occurs in 'crystals or white
granular powder without az1.y odour or taste, soluble in water.,
It is non-irritant, disinfectant, antiseptic, germicide, (anthelmintic), deodorant and styptic. As an injection (2 p.c.) it is
used in gonorrhoea; as a mouth wash or gargle in diphtheria:
and sore-throat; as a solution for carious teeth, wounds and
for irrigating abscess ahd other cavities.
SODn CHLORIDUM IMPURA or

SODIUM: CHLORIDE IMPURA
(Sans:-Saindhava. Eng.-Rock.:salt; Sea salt; Bay salt;'
$odium chl\)rate. Arab".-Mil-he-tabazard. Pers.-Namake":sang.
Hind.-Sendhalon; Sedha:lbn.
Duk.-'-Sondanimak.
Guj.-Sipdhaltma. Tel.-Saindha:lava:nam. Tam.-Indu-uppti.
Can. Kon. & Mah.-Sendhurlavana. Mal.-Intu-uppu. Ger'.__:
Natrium chloricum).
'
48.
Source.:-Found
in Nature in ,
extensive
beds mostly _,Cl'il ,
sociated with clay and ~alci~m sulphate. To obtain it, holes.
are dug into these rocks which sOQn become fined up with
salt water;, the water' is evaporated and the salt is left ready
~~.
'
-
Characters,-;lt is. f01JnQ in small white crystalline grain.s

or tI.:ansparenj; cl!oes. It is bro~ish white e~teIJlally and
white int~rnally. It, has a pure saline taste. :lild burns with a
yellow flame.
Action;-.In small. goes it is' highly carminative, stoma~hi.q
and .digesth!e, It promotes the 'app~tite .and .assists digest.ioIl,
and. a~;>imilation.. ,In large dpses (1 to .~ dradl~l$) it is cathar-:.
tic; in still larger tioses, (4 to 8 dJachm) it is: ,emetic:' Ro~
salt possesses strQI).ger purg<:ltive, pr.operties than cream g
tartar; l;>U,t lil~e t4~ it is not a satisfactory cathalrti.c; giV!'ln
alone. Combined w.ith other Pllrgatives it is equal, if n9~
superior to it.
.
,
Uses.-It is given in dyspepsia and other abdominal disorders. To rouse digestion weakened by diarrhoea, rock-salt
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI &: HOME REMEDIES
109
and Yavakshar (alkali-Potassium carbonas impura) are given,

in convalescence. When heated it is uSed to foment painful,
swollen and such other parts. Rock salt with warm water
is used as an emetic. A compollnd powder caned Vadavanal
churna containing rock salt~ long pepper, pipli, cubebs, chitrak,
ginger, and 'myrobalans in equal parts, mixed and made into
a powder is used in anorexia, flatulence and biliousness. Dose
is 5 to 15 grains two or three times a day with water. A
medicinal salt called Nariekelakshara is' highly recommended
in Chakradatta as valuable in the form of dyspepsia which is
attended with pain two or three hours after meals. It is thus
prepared:-Take a cocoanut-fruit full of water, make a hole
in it and fill the cocoanut with rock-salt and dissolve' it in its
water. Then close the opening, cover the nut with a layer
of clay- and roast it In a pit of fire, The salt thus roasted is
given witn the adqition of long pepper~ Dose is about a
quarter tola. A powder made of rock salt 10_ grains, Kaladana
1 drachm and' dry ginger 10 grains is a good laxative, in a
single dose. As a digestive, a COTI"Lpound: powder made of
rock salt, chebulic myrobaliom, emblic myroba'lan ,and long
pepper in equal parts is recommended in doses of. 10 grains
twice' a day. A powder- containing pancha lavana 5 parts,
impure oxide of iron 5 parts and Emblic myrobalan 4 parts is
useful in ,doses of 10 grains in dyspepsia, congested .liver etc.
A medicated oil named SfLlpa Masha Taila is used as an application 'in rheumatism, contrclCted knee joint, stiff shoulder
joint etc'.
49. 'SODII CHLOJl,IDUM or SODIUM CHLQRIDE

(Sans.~Lavana; Samudra Lavaha; Dronilavana. Eng.Common salt; Table salt; Muriate or Sodium; Muriate of -Soda.
Arab.-Milhuls-aajin.
pers~-Namake-khurdam.
Hind.Namak: -Lun Nun. Duk.-Nimak. Ben.-Nimok; Lesu. Guj.
-Mithun. Bom. Mah. & Kon.-Chemit Meeth. Can.-Droniupjm; KadluIJpu; Uppu. Tel. Tam. & Mal.-Uppu. Burm.Themg-dan-hsa. Sinh.--Shih-yen; Lunu.)
S'ource.-Sodium chloride or salt is found in Nature forming 2.5 p.c. of the waters of the ocean. It is obtai'ned by li'xi-
110
THE iNDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
viation of saline soil or by evaporation of brine springs or sea

water. When obtained from sea-water it is known as Samudrc
lavana.
Characters.-Salt occurs as transparent cubes or smaT
brownish-white crystalline ~rains, odourless, of saline taste an(
neutral reaction, soluble ill wat~r, insoluble in alcohol an:(
chloroform.
Action.-Antiseptic, antiperiodic, anthelmintic and de
obstruent. Common salt is an ingredient of our body ane
keeps. the globulin of the blood in solution. We are conti
nually losing .it. through sweat, wine, tears etc., and therefo'r'l
its want causes disease and even death. It increases thl
secretion of the gastric. juice and should therefore be taker
with discretion by the dyspeptic. It should be. taken wit}
caution by stout. persons, patients with dropsy and those suffer
ing from excessive thirst and skin diseases. The salt of the se,
water contains a smaLl proportion of iodine, which renders i
essential for the human being as a preventive of goitre ane
other glandular enlargements. Dr. Barclay, President Qf the
British Radiological Society, Manchester, declares (Montreal
Pharm. ,Jour.) that in communities near the sea there are
few, if any cases, of goitre, and proves his theory from the
fact that there is much less goitre in England than in the
United States where the people are far from salt water. He
thereby prO'l.:'2S that goitre is caused by insufficient iodine in
the human system. Internally in small doses it increases the
secretion of the salivary and gaE'tric glands, sharpens appetite
and promotes digestion of vegetable food. It excites thirst
and thus assists absorption of liquid food. In a diluted form
it enters the blood and dissolves albumins and globulins. In
a concentrated form it is an irritant to the cut surfaces to the
mucous membranes, muscles and nerves. It ~ also a rubefacient. It decreases the secretion of mucus, promotes absorption of effused products. It .is eliminated in the urine.
In large doses i.e.) 2 to 4 drachms in .solution, salt acts a~ an
emetic, and in still larger' doses it is a powerful. purgative.
Uses.-Being one of the constituents of the blood and of
the body. generally, it ,forms an important dietetic agent and
111
is used as a condimept. Swami Lavanananda speaking of

salt in its relation to longevity of life mentions eight civilized
countries from British Isles and United States down to India
and gives the national consumption of salt per head in comparison with their average longevity. He gives 72 and 48 lbs.
of salt per head, per year in British Isles and U.S.A. respectively, where the aver;:tge length of life is 45 years, whereas in
India it is only .23 years, owing, he says, to the fact that the
average consumption of salt per head per year in India is only
12 lbs. He therefore preaches the value of saline nasa,l douche
and salt-water drink to make 'us more healthy and the Government more wealthy through salt-tax. But in contrast to
this view a l;>ook published by the Theosophical Publishing
House, Adyar,. Madras, and styled 'Salt-A Superstition' gives
copious illustrations and e~tracts to prove the justification for
its total discontinuance as an article of diet! It is mentioned
that in, Ayurveqic '~reatment a saltless diet. is generally prescribed in diseases such as dropsy qnd that Bhagvath Githa
refers to a salted diet a~ causing "pain, grief and disease." At
any rate" exc~ssive and improper nse of salt is not commendab .e. In moderate doses it has a tonic effect, observed especially in some cases of 'colwalescence where there is an intense
craving for it. In fevers, dyspepsia and bilious diarrhoea in
childrEn it is given with benefit. A powder named Vaishnava?tar Cht~rnam, made up at common salt, ajowq_n, ollium seeds;
long pepper, ginger and chebulic myrobalan, is useful in, doses
of 20 to 60 grains twice a day, as gast:r;ic stimulant: and. carminati've, For an attacl5: of acute indigestion with difficulty to
breathe a very simple remedy is tQ put a pinch of table salt,
dry" on th~ tongue ,and while it is dissolving it is acting on the
saliva very quickly and when this is swallowed it' assists in the
digestiQn of whatever article of .food has re:tp.ained undigested
eSl?ecially st;lrchy foods. A contributor to the "Ipdian Medical Record" says with regarg, to the usefulness of salt in
typhoid fever etc.:-"This saved my life wheh :recovering from
typhoid and I have told. many persons of it and they have
been helped; it acts. bett~r when dry than when dissolved in
either hot or cold water and drunk, as then the salivary
glands are not .exci~ed to activity".__ (Health a:ints in Indian
112
Medicai Record, Nov. 1925). Biochemists in America have

round from experiments made, that salt serves the valuable
function of reducing 'uric d~id in the blood especially of those
on a diet too rich in either; proteins of carbo-hydrates. Sea
water collected from a depth bf five fathoms far out :in the
Atlantic in sterile ,drums is 'beingl used for curative purposes
in disease'. It is said ,to work miracles in anaemia, gastric
ulcer, catarrh, neuritis, neurasthenia, and all cases of debility:
Experiments are now being made in America by Drs. Leaman
& Gibson with some success in the treatment of vomiting 'with
the, administration of a 2 p.c. solutIon of sodium chloride. The
relief was Immediate, though transient. Also a few cases of
duodenal 'ulcer' with nausea and pain after meals, are reported
to have, been relieved though temporarIly by giving a teaspoon""
ful of salt diEsolved in a glass of cold water. Dr. Brooke says
that common salt is an effica'cio1)g' remedy in 'malarial fevers',
that only one dose or even two doses of the common salt are
required to check an attack of any kind of malarial fever! He
suggests the folloWing mode of admiriistration:-"A good handful of clean sodium chloride is first thrown on a well-washed
frying pan which is being kept warm by the application of
heat from underneath to drive off fully the 'water of crystallisation contained In the common salt. Such an application of
heat is continued until the sa:id salt took the brownish tint.
Dosage:-For adults-one tablespoonful of this roasted salt
which IS equivalent to 'one ounce. This amount of salt after
being well mixed with one glass of hot water should be taken
in an empty stomach iIi the morning of the day before the
date of an attack of fever. In quotidian type of malarial
fever, after the remission or its cold stage being removed, it
shpuld be taken in an empfy 'stomach. Not more than one
ounce should be admInistered per - mouth. .But the dose
should not be less than one ounce. It would be of no effect if
medicine is' not taken. in an empty stomach. Consequently;
the patient should not be given any food or even water before
the medicine is administered. Although true patient becomes
very thirsty immediately utter the medicine is taken, still 'he
should not be, given any other food except water. This water
should be shghtly warI}1ed and -should be drunk at a time
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIE$
113
in a qrachm quantity off and on. If the patient becomes very

hungry, he should not be given any other food except light
.diet e.g. chicken broth after 48 hours. Withi1l; 24. hours after
taking the saLt .water he. should drirtk only Little water off
aHd Qn, othllrw_ise he would derive 'I'l,0 benefit at all. Regarding
diet he should be -very careful. Further. he should remain
careful as. to cold exposure within. 48 hours after the adminis.tratio'l1, of me_dicine. He should ,be instructed in. such a way
:that he Sh9lJld wear always a warm coat and stockings. Dr.
Brooke in, his 18 years' experience;,in the medical practice did
not get baffled in his object of curing patients after following
the above principles. He. was able to cure, each patient by
using this :r:oasted saltt after 48 .hours. None had. the relapse
of fever. This medicine was rarely' used :twice in a patient.
In HungCl.ry, hundreds .of patients are cured by adoptmg the
above procedure. In hot countries of America nearly 400
English,men are attacked. with malarial fever each year. None
had the relaps.e of iever- (PracticaLMedicine, Sept. 1925). As
a saline in.travenous..injection or enema it is given during col1apse stage after oper.ations and in uterine haemorrhages. In
cholera, an i~tr.av.enous injection of Rogers mixture is useful.
It consi~ts of sodium chloride 2 drachms, potassium chloride
6 grains a~d calcium chloride 4 grains in 1 pint of water. In
plague cases accompanied .by vomiting and purging Dr. H. C.
Sen recommends) hypodermic injection of norrIial salt solution.
Surgeons .make free use. of intravenous: or subcutaneous injection of salt water in critical times. The same or better
result can be obtained bY' Jay people by putting s'alt water in
the body through nose or mouth. Marine-plasma or deep
sea-wate.:f is used in France to improve the vitality of children.
The same can be achieved by salt water drink. It is noW admitted that saline. nasal douche (salt water snuff) prevents 'influenzg. It increases leucocytosis .and improves. vitality. We
can pr~y~nt pne'Umonia and other chestr disorders by salt
water., It is not a very difficult task to give saline nasal
douchE\to the child. Prepare a cup of salt water by dissolving
-powdered salt i11, the proportion of one tola to a seer of water
or 6 grains of salt to an ounce of water. Put a few spoons in
each nostril and a few in the mouth of the child. Dr. H. C.
j'
114
THE 11'WIAN MATERIA MEDICA
Sen recommends administration. ot tepid normal salt solution

freely by the mouth in e'fery cas~ of blood-poisoning or impoverished condition of the blood'. He says that if it is riot
rejected by the stomach, .0ral administration should riot be
superseded by :rectal, hypodermic or intravenous injections.
As an e,nema it relieves 'flatulence and colic, destroys and
brings away worms from the large bowels. and. prevents the
pa:t:oxysinal. attack of epilepsy. In neuralgic: headache etc., it
may be used as a snuff. It relieves haemoptysis :ahd; migraine.
One per: cent solution of it is a topical appll.catlon to stop.
haemorrhages from woul1ds and a wash or a sniff: in the cold
and .catarrh of the nosJxils ill! ozoena and a gargle in cnroI"lic
dise<i!:'les of the phary,nx and. larynx. The sniffihg of a little
salt, wakr every morning: improves the health .of children
who do not breathe well. Salt is us.ed as an antidote in poisoning. by .:'ljlver .nitrate' or after 'swallowing a leech. Heated salt
.~s lq~gely used a_s dry hot fomentation for the relief of .painful
jQi_nts and swollen scrofulous glands. About a pound of
powdere.d common :salt .enclosed in a lQose bag heated over a
fire and applied for 20 to 3U minutes at a time relieves gast.p1_lgia or dyspeptic colic. .Salt wat~r (1 in 30) 6r sea-bathing
is reco.mmel1cled. for, the cuie of various' skin affections;
rheumatic; and muscular pains and spr.ains. etc. The following is r~commen,ded, as .a bath ,to soothe tired nerves:"Dissolve ,four Ol.illceS of sea-salt in a qua:r:t of hot water and
let stand until CQol; pour 2 ounces each of spirits of ammonia
and 0. spirits of camphor into 8 ounces of alcohol; add this to
the sea-salted water and shake well. Wet the body all over
with a sponge dipped in this mixture and rub vigorously till
the fie.sO glows. The r.elief is almost magical. The worn
feeling vanishes, a sleepy sensation creeps over- the tired
nerves and one si,nks away into slumber sw:eetly."-(Practical
Medicine. ~pril .1926) . "Salt water is' the: best thing for the
daily cleansing of the teeth'J.,.--(Sir Harry Baldwin, SurgeonDentist to thE; King). WhEn used as a bfeservative 'of animal
substances such as' meat etc., salt modifies the nutritive properties rendering it (meat eta.) le:ss fit to nourish and sustain;
hEnce fresh' meat .is. hettJer than the meat preserved by salting ..
q.
1117
5U. STANNIC SUL?HIDUM

(Sans.-Svarnavanga. Eng.-Mcsa:ic gold; Bisulphurette of
tn) is a powder and a goldEn preparation of tin having a beauti~
iU! golden lustre and flaky texture. It is prepared thus:-Take
Equal parts of mercury; 'sulphur ,and tin":foils arid rub them
together; then take Sal ammoniac in quantity equal to all the
above ingredients' and rub these together in a mortar. Put
the mixtm;e in a glass bottle and heat in ~ sand b?t4. Tht
rEsulting powder i$ ~he bisulghuret of tin. It is "us.ed in com:plaints of generative organs, both in male anq female. It is
specially effective in gleet. It is indicated as a rejuvenator
and toniG ~f high potency which induces health-vigour, imfToves the appetite, increases memory, generates semen of
high quality, cures gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, leucOl:rhoea
and allied troubles of the generative organs". Dos~ is 2 to 4
grains mixed with honey before use-(Kaviraj Bisharad &
Dr. S. K. Mukherji-Jour. of Ayur., Sept.~ 1924). In impotency it is given as a rejuvenator with 4 grains of the
powdered roots of Mimosa pudica. As an appetiser it is given
with the water obtained by soaking 1 tala powder of Ernblic
myrobalans in 4 ounces of water soaked overnight and strained through a linen in the morning. For memory it is given
with the fresh expresEed leaf juice of Indian penny-wort. In
gonorrhoea it is given with the juice of the raw turmeric or
leaf-juice of glomerous fig tree (Ficus glomerata) or leafjuice of Himsagar (Pashanbhedi, lr"1issp). In sper~atorrhoea
it is given with cubeb powder 12 grains. In leucorrhoea it i-;
given in the decoction of red sandal wood' (1 tola of
powder in 8 ounces of water boiled down to 2 ounces). For
thinness of semen, it js given as for impotency, or in th~ leaf-,
juice of Aswagandha; or witb powdered' roots of Mimosa
pudica-12 grains per dose or \vith decoction of the root bark.
51.
PER~URI!\.TE
(Eng.-Perchloride of tin).
OF TIN (SNCL2),
116
52.
STANNUM
Sans.-Vanga; Ranga; Trapu.

Eng.-Tin; Pewter-calx.
Arab.-Rasas; Abruz. Pers.-Urziz. Hind.-Kathal; Rang.
Ben.-Banga. Guj.-l'Q~lai.
Mah.-'-Kaloi. Duk.-Kathil.
Tam.-Tagaram. Tel.- Vendi; Sisam. Ma~.-Kalang; Timah.
Can: & Kon.-Tavaray. Si1l:h.-Sudu-iyam. Burm.-Khai.maphyn.
Source.-Rarely met with in a free state; found as oxide
in native plates or tin stone or in combination with sulphur
as sulphide. It is abundant in Burma, Tennaserim and
Malacca.
Characters.-As met with in the bazaar tin is a bluishwhite metal, silverlike, softer than gold, harder than lead,
bending with a cracking sound, malleable but sparingly ductile with little elasticity. It is obtained by heating tIn-stone
with charcoal. In Ayurvedic works two varieties of tin have
been described.-(l) Impure tin (Misraka meaning mixed),
is dirty white in appearance. Arsenic and Sulphur" are the
chief impurities in tin ore. (2) Pure tin (Kshuraka), white,
soft, cold (to the touch), readily fusible and bright and does
not clink when struck-(Rasaratnasamuchchaya). Only pm:e
tin (Kshuraka) should be used in the preparation of medicines.
Purmcation.-Tin is purified by melting it over fire and
pouring the melted fluid iI1to the milky juice of Calotropis
gigantea. Another process is to drop the molten tin into the
juice of Vitex negundo mixed with turmeric: the process being repeated three times, the metal undergoes purification.(Rasaratna-samuchchaya). For medicinal use it is prepared
by melting purified tin in an iroI1 cup adding to it one-fourth
part of its weight of Yavakshara an'd pcrw-dered tamarind
shelIs, agitating with an iron rod till the mass is reduced to a
fine powder. It is then washed. .in cold water and dried over
a gentle fire. Other r.nethods consist in-(l) melting corrected tin in an earthen P9t and adding to the molten metal, an
equal weight of powdered turm~ri~ and psychotis ajowan and
cumin seeds and afterwar~s the ashes of the powdered bark
of Tamarindus indica and Ficus religiosa and continuing stir-
117
jng over fire till the tin is reduced to ashes (powder), which
is then washed to rid it of vegetable-ashes-(Rasendrasarasangraha); or (2) smearing tin-foil with a paste of orpiment
and the milky juice of Calotropis gigantea and then covering it
with the ashes of the bark of Ficus religiosa arid Tamarindus
indica and roasting till reduced to ashes-(Rasaratna-samuchchaya). In this process orpiment plays an important part in
the reduction. The best method 'of reducing tin is this:-Tin
is melted over fire in an iron vessel. Powdered Achyranthus
aspera plant is then added to the molten tin in the jron vessel
and stirred continually with iron rod when it is reduced to fine
powder; wash and put it in a covered crucible and burn repeatedly by the putapaka process in mild heat- (Kaviraj A.
C. Bisharad & Dr. S. K. Mukerji M.B.). The resulting product is a greyish white powder consisting chemically of oxide
of tin (Vanga bhCl!Sma) with some impurities.
Uses.-It is chiefly used in diseases of the genito-urinary
organs, blood and lungs. Dose of the powder is 3 to 5 grains
twice daily with honey or butter. In the West, oxide of tin
has been advocated as a therapeutic agent in staphylococcal
infection in the treatment of boils ek In India it has been in
use from a very ancient period in several diseases in a variety
of forms. Misrakam (Impure tin) is useful in urinary disorders. In urinary diseases tin-oxide is recommended; it is
usually combined with the~juice of Ocimum sanctum leaves or
with juice of betel leaves in cases of difficult micturition. In
painful micturition a preparation called Trinetra Rasa is given
with a decoction in milk made of the juice o Cynodon dactylon" liquorice toot, gum of Bombax malabaricum, and Tribulus
terrestris. It is prepared thus:-Take of' prepared tin, mercury and sulphur equal parts, rub them together in an iron
mortar and soak seven times 'respectively in the juice of Cynodon dactylon and the decoctions of liquorice root, gum of
Bombax malabari'cum and Tribulus terrestris. Then roast in
a covered crucible, again soak in the above mentibned fluid
medicines and make into four-grain pills. In gonorrhoea,
Zad Garib prescribes a compound powder made of tin oxide.
Bambbo manna, cubebs, coriander and cardamoms in equal
parts. Dose is to begin with 1 masha (11 or 12 grains)
118,
THE INDIAN 'MATERIA MEDICA
gradually increased up to 3 mashas. In diabetes Vangeshwaru

Rasa which consists of Rasasindura
(red sulphide of mercury)
I
and Vanga bhasma in equal parts is recommended. Dose is
4 grains taken once a day with honey. Well-known preparations of Tin, such as Somanath Ra.sa, Basantakumara Rasa,
Tarakeshvar Rasa, Gaganadi Lauha etc., are recommended for
diabetes. Vanga blasma with honey, turmeric and juice of
the root of Bombax malabaricum is generally used. Another
compound preparation recommended in Bhaisajyaratnavali
for diabetes is Vrihat Vangesvara Rasa. It is given with the
juice of the ripe fruit of Ficus glomerata. It acts as an alterative tonic and cur.es, 'all sorts of urina:ry diseases. It contains,
prepared tin, mercury, silver and talc, sulphur and camnl10r
each 2 t01as, prepai'ed gold and pearls, each. half a to1a, mixed
wgether and soaked in the juice of Eclipta prostrata and made
into 4-grain pills. In spermatorrhoea. tin oxide is given with
nutmeg powder and ghee. ,In phthisis it is given with turmeric juice for haemoptysis. In asthm.Cl it is used with cop"
pET. In paralysis it is used with garlic juice. In general
weakness Sharangadhara recommends it as a tonic and altera
tive. It "improves health, strengthens the organs and
nourishes the whole body". In weakened vitality, sexual
debility and impotence it is used with the leaf-juice of Achyranthus aspera. As ,an ,aphrodisiac it is best and combined
with musk. For putrid smell .in the mouth it is given with
camphor., In dyspepsia it is given with Eithet powdered long
pepper or with juice of betel leaves. In. constipation it is
prescribed with betel leaf-juice. In jaundice it is used with
clarified butter. In: skin disease it is given with catechu dis~
solved in water. In leprosy also it is recommended and is
prescribed with leaves of Vit~x trifolia. Oxide of tin }las
given excellent results in acne vulgaris, anthr~ and styes. It
"is now used either as tables for oral administration or as
solution in lipoid medium for injection"-(Jour. of Ayur.,
Sept. 1924) ..
-'_'---'.
119
53. SULPUUR
San,s.-Garidhaka. Eng.-'Brimstone; Sublimed Suiphur.

l:lind.-Gandakj Gundhak. 'Ben.-Gandrak; Gandhak. Kash.
Guj. Mah. Ron. Duk . .Can. & Sinh.-Gandhak. Tel. Tam., &
Mal.-Genpagum.
Tam.-Gandakam.
T'el.-Gana.ha~am.
punj.-Qandhak; Kibrit; Anwlasar;; Gogird. Arab,,__:KjprUql.
pers.-Gowgird; GangIrd. Burm.-Kau. Malay.-Balirang,
Sulphuric acic;l (H2 S0 4) is call!,!d in Tam. Tel. & Can ...,....,.
Gandagadravakam. .H ind..,--rezqb,
Source.~A non-metallic :element found free in beds of
gypsum and in a state of sublimation in regions, of 'extinct
volcanoes; also in combination with several ores called "pyrites,
as sulphates and sulphides of ii'on, cppper, 1ead, zinc, 'mercury
etc,. ~!1 India it occurs;' naturally in some parts, in N~pal,
Kashmir, Afgi1aniE,tan and in Burma, It is a 'constituent of
various vegetable and animal substances 'such as albumen etc'.
It is obtained by roasting, fusion or by sublimation.
Characters.-As'met in the bazaar, it is' of 'four kInds:~
(1) Yellow variety or vitreous' or precipitaled sulphur or
Arrilasar gii:n;dhdka, bcc~ts ill serhi.:transparEmt cry~ta1s resembling the translucent' ripe fruits 6f the Amalciki. This is
-employed for internal uSe in combination 'with mercury'.
(2) The white variety Ifnqwn as' ~611 sulphur 'is fourid in sticks
about :two inches in WIdth and 3' to 5' inChes long; the' taste is
bitter and astr'ing~nt and the 'smeil is nauseous. Tt is very
brittle; it is' somewhat 'sticky to touch. 1t 'beIng' inferior to the
yellow variety is preferred for external application. (3) Tlle
red variety is called Rafi Hir'akdsi or Lal-ganahak; it occurs in
small" fiat ,or 'irregUlar crystalline pieces 'oF a' shinin:g- orangered, purple or bribk ,dust colour. The taste i"s acrid and bi'tier.
It burns with ~ faint Iblue flame and emits'the smell of sulphur~
(4) The' black variety, Le., Silblimed sulphur (Gandhaie-na).
phul) is a purified' fbrm of sulphur and''lS prepared 'by washing
Gandhaka ih milk. It is first dissolved in an iron ladle smeared with butter and then gradually pouf~a info a basih 0' milk.
When cool aria soliClified'it is fit for use. It is a H'ght yellow
powder .of 'a bitter: astringent taste and of it peculiar smell.
Dose is 12 to 24 grains with milk or other vehicle ..
12!J
THE INDIAN .MATERIA MEDICA.
Action.-Sulphur is described as of bitter astringent taste

with a peculiar strong smell. It increases bile, acts as a laxa"five and alterative and His preparations also. act as alterative~
laxative, diureti.c and'insecticide. Sulphur, when taken inter~
~
nally and in small doses, becomes absorbed and may be detected in the sweat, milk ;lAd urine., It is a stimulant to the
secreting organs such as the skin and the bronchial mucous
membtanes. It has a specific action on the rectum and increases the haemorrhoidal secretions. The sulphurous and
mineral waters as they contain earthy and alkaHne sulphates:
act as laxative and. 'diuretic, while the sulphurous acid disengaged from them 'acts as a diaphoretic. In large doses it a:cts
as a purgative.
Uses.-In combination with mercury it is used in almost
all diseases. It readily combines with and fixes metallic mercury and is therefore extensively used in combination with
that metaL In combination with jaggery or cream of milk,
sulphur is given in diseases like haemorrhoids, prolapsus and
stricture, also in chr,onic skin diseas,~s; .in sk.in dise9s,es sglphur
is used both internally and. ext?rn~JJy. Inte;rr~ally it is given
with milk or in the shape of a sulphurated butter, which is
prepared frqm milk boiled w:ith the addition of. sulphur, then
cooled and converted into curd ~4i~p is at~r frequent churn:ing converted into whey ang but~er; bl).~kI; i$ next boiled when
it becomes, converted into oil; or it may be prepared by triturating sulI>hur in the jl).ice of lemons and adding to it milk
and boiling the whole and theq allowing it to cool; an oily
liquid will separate. This is called Gandha tail.a ?!tQ,.is taKen
internally in doses of 1 to 2 minims and applied externally in
skin diseases-(Sandeha B4anjani). Sulphu~ and Yav.akshara;
mixed with mustard oil is' appJ!ed in pjtyr_iasis, psoriasis etc.
In chronic skin diseases a confection 9 ...sulphur called
Gandhaka R,asay.ana is used as an alterative. D.o~e is '1 to. 2
drachms. Gandhakc: IJ,asayand in doses of 10 grs. each; given
,every morning with honey, ip Gases o advan.ced leprosy,. and
in doses of 15 grs. each with hpt wilte.r before evel'Y meal, in
acute ,leprosy;: has . been beneficial.
It IS made
thus:-Take of sulphur 2 parts and mercm;y 1
part; to this' ad,d "the ju!ce
of aloe' leaVes
ana
WITH A YURVEI?IC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
121,
triturate the whole to form a. paste. Then beat it and wh~n

cool add honey and ghee each 2 parts. Sulphur enters into
the composition of a large number of applications for skin
diseases as, for example:-AdityapakG! taila which is recommended by Chakradatta in eczema, scabies etc. It is prepared by taking madder, the three myrobalans, lac, turmeric,
orpiment, realgar and sulphur in equal parts, in all one seer,
mixing them with four seers of sesamum oil .and exposing the
whole to the sun. Sulphur' is useful in cough, asthma, consumption and general debility; alsQ in enlargement 0. the liver
and spleen, chronic fevers etc. In chronic rhe,umatism, lameness, cough, asthma and skIn diseases, a confection known as
Sinhanada .guggula is recommended by Chakradatta. It is
prepared by taking sulphur and bdellium each 8 tolas, decoction of. three myrobalans 72 tolas, and castor oil 32 tdlas and:
miXIng and boiling them together in an iron vessel till reduced to the consistence of a confection.. Dose is one drachm
twice daily. In constipation a thin paste called Gandhaka
kalka .is recommended; it is made of sulphur and chebulic'
myrobalans and butter each 1 part and juice of Eclipta 3 parts
well mixed together and made into a paste. As sulphur is a
mild laxative, for habitual constipation, in the presence of
haemorrhoids, equal parts of sublimed .sulphur and cream of
tartar with a little hOl1ey or milk in doses of 1 drachm is taken
before each meal. Dose is half to one teaspoonful once or'
twice da'ily. This also acts beneficially in cases of piles and
chronic dysentery. There. are certain Ayurvedic preparations
containing sulphur. which are, useful in asthma and other forms
of "Swasa."; .and the chief .0 these. are:-Swasa-kuthar Rasa
(see "Arsenic" & ".Mercury")' Swasa-Ch_intamani and Brihatswasa Chintan:ani, Swasa,; kasa Chudarnani, Maha Lakshrrii- bilas (see "Silver-"), Mri6ifunjaya Rasa (see "Mercury"),
Suryavartha Rasa (see "eopper"), Maharaj Vati & Vijaya Vati.
In fevers. also preparations like Mrityunjaya Rasa: are used,
especially .in the Vayu type of remittent. feyer and that of
typhoid. In worms and several blood parasites with cODstipation 0]; with fever, co.ugh and indigestion, vermifuge combinations" Isuch. as: .Kitamardti rasa ..and ,Krimimudgar t,asa containing ajowan and vidimga, besides sulphur etc. are reG.om-
122
mended. For external applicqtioll in skin diseases sulphur

ointment made up of powdered .or sublimed sulphur 1 part and
Kokum butter or any bla~d oil 6 parts, or better still so called
"balsam of sulphur" which is simply a .solution of sulphur in
warm olive or sesamun1 oil js useful. ,A suLphur bath is
generally efficacious for 'Skin diseases, as itch, acne, rosacea,
sycosis and chloasma and jnternally .sulphur powder or mineral sulphurated. waters are given with benefit. The' sulphu~'
bath is commonly' made by adding the sublimed sulphur or
"mO~ of sulphur'; to boiling water and using it when s,ufficiently cool. "Sulphur baths of Vajr:eshwari near: KaJyan in "the
Bombay Presidency are highly useful in the treatmeJ;lt of
chronic .muscular r.heumatism, gout and cutaneous affections"
~(Khory). In many households sulphur is used to disinfect
rooms by lumigatibn. .For ringworm Aksir-ul-Imraj recpm~
mends the use of a paste made of sulphur, sulphate of ,iron,
borax, pitch-resin and lead car.bonate in equal parts, for local
application; and for .scabies Ilaj-ul-Gurba .recommends an
ointment made of .sulphur ,4 mashaJs, seeds .of Cassia tora l
seer., cow's milk 1 seeT and ghee 4 chattaks. .In scabies and
many other parasitic ,diseases, of the skin, powdered .sulphur
in half chattack of bland oil is ,an Je.f1iclent .remedy. In cases
of chronic rheumatism a liniment icomposed of two ounces pf
powde:r:ed or sublimed sulphur and q pint of .ne.em oil well
Tubbed in, twice daily, is very benefiCial. F.or xheumatic,
13crofulous and other p~infu1 joints a .plaster called Gandhaka
Lepct made of sulphur triturated in the leaf-juice of Cassia
fistula is useful. In Cases of rheumatic joints, relief is.obtained from dusting the affectEd part with flour bf 'sulphur at bed
time, enveloping it in flannel and. covering the whole with
plantain lea! to prevent the' esca}?e of he fumes. Antiparasitic and vermifuge pills. such as KrimighatinirGntika 'are also
usefuL In worms and blood parasites with chronic, fever and
other troubles of gastro-intestinal tract, haematinic vermifuge
such as Vidanga..Lauha .is recommended. A preparation. call,
ed Chaturmukha Ras_a (descrlbed under "rnercury'1) is useful
in phthisis, asthma, epilepsy and other nervOus diseases. Dose
is 1 to 4 pills of 1 grain each taken twice a .day after food.
'''This was administered to a caSe of chronic bronchitis" which
WITH AYURVEDlC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
123
was "cured"-(Ind. Drugs Report, Madras). For phthisis

and chronic bronchitis with fever, Rajmriganka Rasa (described under "Plumbum") is also useful. For acidity and
dyspepsia Agnikumara NaBa (see "Mica") is useful. In
cholera a paste made of sulphur (precipitated) 5 Pllrt,S, onion
juice 3 pa~ts) garlic juice 2 parts; mustard and Bishop's weed
(Ajwan-ka-phul) each 4 (larts, is given internally. For tympanitis, colic, ascites etc., a drastic purgative named Mahanaracha Rasa made of su1rhur, mercury and black pepper '2
parts each, ginger 3 parts and purified croton seeds .8 parts,
rubbed together for 12 hours and made into 2 grain pills, are
given with cold water. After the ,operation of this medicine
rice should be given with curdled milk and sugar. For dysentery Vajrakapata Rasa. and Gandhar Rasa (described under
"Mercl1ry") and for chronic fevers with enlarged syleen
Jvarasani Rasa (see "Mica") are r!,!commended. For rheumatism anq gout, Sarve~hvar Rasa cc;mtaining sulp1ll1r, mercury, copperl iroIi, cinnabar, etc.) is used a~ an alter~tive. Dose
i~ 2 fo 4 grains. In meningitis and fevers complicated with
cerebral symptoms, Panchavaktra Rasa containing 'purified
mercury, 3.conite, sulphur, black pepper, borax and dhattL1'a
juice in equal parts" is administered. Dose is 4 grains. Along
with these pills a decoction of the root of Calotropis gigantea
with the addition of long.. pepper, black pepper and ginger is
recommended to be taken. Sulphur is often an excellent intercurrent remedy' in involuntary and too quick discharge of
semeh, in impotency; In weakness of black and threatening
paralysis.
54. TALCUM ,PURIFICATION ,(Creta GaUica ,Purificata)
Sans.-Abhra.
Eng.--Powdered Talc; Purified Talc;
Muscovy' glaEs; Mica; Glimmer; Purifi"ed French chalk. Pers.
& Duk.---'Talk. Arab.-Kabubul-ars. Hind.-Avrak. GtL}.
& Mah.-Hingool. Tam.-Appracam. Sinh._;_Kin. Can. &
Kon.-Bhinga.
There, are four varieties.-White (pinaka red (naga),
(manduka); and black ,(vajra), of these, the black
y~llow
124
variety (Vajrabhra, Krishnabhra or Sheabhra) is used ill'

medicine.
Source.-Chiefly found in mountains. In India it is
found chiefly in the distric,ts of Nellore and Hazaribagh and
in the hills of the Central Provinces and Rajputana. It
occurs in a natural state either as an essential constituent of
igneous rocks or as a product of mineral silicates by weather-
ing or contact.
Characters.-A kihd of crystalline mineral, of a foliated'
texture capable of being divided into extremely thin flakes
or leaves, having a sensible elasticity and a metallic lustre.
The, flakes are transparent, soft and can easily be scratched.
When divided across, the plates seem :t:ather to tear than break.
Constituents.-Mica is a rock forming mineral. It is a'
silicate of aluminium togEther with alkalies and basic hydrogen-(Jour. of Ayur. July 1924). It contains 4 to 6 p.c. of
water existing as basic hydrogen or as hydroxyl replacing
fluorine.
Purification & Preparations.-"Mica th~ layers of which
can be easily separated (by knife) is preferred" (Rasaratna
Samucchaya). It is purified by boiling it in the decoctio;rl of
Triphala or of dried plums for a long time and roasting or
calcining it over a fire alternately, soaking it in the juice of
lemons till the scales are separated. The calcined scales are
ultimately mIxed with the paste of Amar.anthus polygamus
and finally dried. Or it is first heated and washed. in milk,
The plates are then separated and soaked in the juice of Amaranthus polygamus and Kanjika for eight days. Talc thus
purified is reduced to powder by being rubbed with paddy
within a thick piece of cloth,. when the powdered talc passes
through the pores of cloth in fine particfes and is collected for
use. Talc thus reduced to powder is called Dhanyabhra. It
is hard, heavy, very fine, black and of saline earthy taste. It
is prepared f~r medicirial use by being mixed with cow's
urine and exposed to a high degree of heat within a closed
crucible, :repeated for a hundred times. Sometimes the process is repeated a thousand times. When this is the case ~e
125
preparation is called Sahasraputi Abhra and sold at high

price.
Some soak it in the juice of Calotropis gigantea instead of cow's urine, "before calcining. It is ,of superior efficacy. Ayurvedists believe that burning and pulverising repeatedly of the minerals produce a "potency" or. peculiar
molecular change 'in these and aod to the therapeutic value
of the product. Dhanyabhra or Talc powder consists of Silicate of magnesia with iron in excess. 4bhra, ,bhasma, is prepared by heating together Dhanyabhra 1 part and borax 2
parts and triturating the whole in milk and evaporating. It is
generally given with Lohabhas'ma. Dose is 2 to 5 grains.
Abhra .Kalka (emulsion). .is prepared by: mixing together
Abhra bhasma, emeblic. myrobalan, ginger, pepper, long pepper and Vavadinga in equal parts, reducing the whole to a uniform mass and then adding honey. Dose. is. 10 to 40 grains.
Action.-Mica is a disinfectant to some extent, but is
seldom used as such. According to Rosenheim and Ehtmann
(Deut ..Med. Woch, .20, Jan. 1910), .aluminium. silicate when
taken into the stomach, reacts with the excess of hydrochloric
acid in, the gastric juice to form silicic. acid and aluminium
chloride, the latter. acting as a protective to the gastric mucosa
in a manner similar to bismuth. It will be interesting to see
whether prepared mica which is also a silicate has. any such
in the stomach as it has' always been .found useful in acid
dyspepsia and gastric ulc~r, e.g., Vidyadharabhra:-(JQur. of
Ayur., J'uly 1924). Silicilic acid -is present in various percentages from 0.81 p.c. down to a trace, .in the muscle, livex.,
spleen, lymph and intercellular fluid and also found in, the
various excreta:-urin~, faeces and sweat. Mica being a silicate its action. as a therapeutic agent .can thus be. surmised.
Reduced mica is described in Ayutveda as a general tonic and
alterative. It is said to stimulate metabolic activity of tisslie
cells generally. It is also used as aphrodisiac. Reduced mica
removes the derangement of the tridc<shas anq establishes their
equipoise. Dhanyabhra is tonic and aphro.disiac. Generally
the preparation~ .of Mica' are astringent, tonic .aphrodisiac and
alterative. Abhra Kalka' is alterative and restorative.
Uses.--:Abhru Bhasma is giy!=n in aJ::laemj.~, j~}lndice,
chronic diarrhoea and. dysentety, nervo:us debil,ity, chronic
126
fever, enlarged spleen, 'urinary diseases, impotence etc.; also.

in dyspepsia, asthma, hectic.
fe.ver, and consumption; and in
\
cachexia due to long continued discharges from fistulae,
abscesses, gonQrrhoea, leucprrhoea etc., it may be given with
honey and pipaLi with benefit.. As an astringent it is largely
used in diarrhoea, especiall~ .of. nervous or.igin. As an alter.,
atlve it is used in enlargement of glands" Dose js 2 to 6 grain!>
generally with honey, twice a day. In phthisis or' tuberculosis
it is given in doses of 2 to 3 grains twice daily either with a
little honey 01' with. honey and some vehicle. as the fresh juice
of Vasaka or with the fresh juice of the ripe fruits of Cactus;
grandiflbra. The mica supplies silica to the onnective tissue.
cdls and thus helps them to form. defensive barrier around the
tubercles or the pus-for.ming bacteria. In asthma, reduced.
mica is given with the juice of Vasaka. In iritestinal w~rmSt
reduced mica is given with seeds of Embelia ribes and a teaspoonful of clarified butter. In cases of biliousness and
jaundice it is prescribed with sugar and milk. In gonorrhoea,
it is given with honey alid powder.ed peepul and turmeric 12
grains per dose. In chronic spermatorrhoea, .it .is given with
the juice of gulancha and cane sugar. In anemia and chlorosis;
it is given in combination with iron (Loha bliasma); in scurvy
it is administered with :honey and lemon 'juice. In :rheuma:tism
reduced mica is given with a decoction prepared from ginger,
root-bark of Aplotaxis' auriculata, Clerodendron siphonanthuG
and Withania somnifera ea,ch i tala arid water 8 'Qunces, reduced by boiling to 2 ounces, which. is quite sufficient as an
usual dose for an adult. In farunculosis and cancer, reduced
mica is prescribed with Senevieria zeylanica. In piles, re'-,
duced mica is given with the peduncles of the ripe fruit of
Semicarpus anacardium. Abhmka Kalka is given to improve
digestion and in semihal. debilfty. In chronic lever and en'"
larged spleen Jvaras{lni Rasa is recommended in BhaisajYa.,.
ratnavaH. It is .prepared thus:-Take of mercury, sulphur.
rock salt, aconi te -and copper, one part each, prepared ir_on and
talc, five parts each, rub together with the juice of Vitex negundo leaves, then add one part of black pepper and make into
two-grain pills. They are administered with the juice of betel
leaves. In chronic diarl)hoea and indigestion the sam'e recom-
127,
mends Agnikumara Rasa and it is prepared thus.-T9.ke of

mercury, sulphur, borax, iron, aconite,. ginger; long pepper,
black pepper, ajowan and opium each one part, prepare_d_ talc
ten parts, rub together for three hours' with the. de.coction Qf
Plumbago rosea and make. iDtO! pills of the size of black peppers. In loss of appetite, disinclination iOll foo.d, d,Y-spepsia,
vomiting, urinary' diseases, anasarca and debility, Sulachafl,a~
mritabhra is prescribed in .Rasendrasarasang;aha., It .is thus,
prepared:-Take of 'prepared talc 3 .tolas', :rub it with 8. tola.
each 6f the fresh juice '01' decoction 0: the following drugs"
viz., pulp. of Ziziphus. juj.uba; Chavica officinamm, rOot of
Andropogon muricatus, pomegranate :fruit, lemon; juice, em...;
ebEc myrobalan .and Oxalis GornicuIata, and make into pills.
about 6 grains each. This is tonic, alterativ.e and aphr:odisiac.,
The preparation: called Kandarpa kumarabhra. is; very similall
to the a'bove in composition. .In convulsions, hemicJ;;ania a:p._rl
neuralgia, pills called Lakshmmarayen Rasa, the chief ingr,edi-:
('1}ts of which aD8 AbhTaka bhasrnfh. .Ras:lsindura, a_c:illitEi!"
Katuki and bark of' Holanrhena antidysenterica,. haye. beEn
used. These Were tried and found to: be useful in tedl,lcing the
temperature and causing diaphoI;esis in remittent; and intermittent fevers. DO$e is 1 to 3: pills every three hours during
fever----' (Ind. Drugs Repont~ Madras).. In disordeX$ of the,
urine, pills called HiLr'isankara
Rasa. prepar_ed by soaking, pre-.
'r
l_ar~d tak in. th,<2 1uke Qf eme.h~ie m~n::Qhalal;ts. se'leDJ. times. in.
the course of a week and made into two-grain..pills, is: recom:-mended in, the 'same., 'rlle same prescribes for hear_t disease,
pills called Arjunabhra, wbich are prepared by soaking ,some
prepared talc ih the juiCe of the bark of: Terminalia '<:lrj1JlJct
seven times aha dividing the mass. into two"grain pills; .arjuna
bark being considered a specific for this complaint. In, phthisis
and chronic bronchitis; four-grain. pills called Sti.1~gw'(q,b-ltra
recommended' in Sa:vakaumudi, are used. They ~on.s!st. of
prepared, talc, purified .sulphur, ~e]jcurYi camphor and a. m~m
bel' of stimulant, aromatic and expectorant vegetable drugs.
Dose is one pill chewed. with betel Ie aves. and ginger followed
by a little water and taken three or four tim~s daily. The.
diet should consist of ghee, milk and broth. F.or <:lstlp;nCl aCcompanied with fever Brihat Chandramrita, Rasa, containing:
mica and iron, mercury, sulphur, gold, copper,. camphor and

a number of vegetable drugs and prepar~.d in honey, is recommended. In Vayu.-kaphd, variety of "Swasa" with fever imd
phlegm in chest, Jwara,!>ani Lauha or Mahaswasaa1'i Lauha
{described under "Ferrum"} is given. The former contains
besides mica and iron, mercliry and sulphtlr, tock $~lt, aconite,
copper, black pepper and Vitex negungo. Besides these there
are other allied preparations' containing Mica viz., Jvarari
abhra, Dameswer abhra:, Brihat Kanchan_ab:hra, Kalyansunder
abhra etc., which are useful in these complaiJ;lts, ul)der'different conditions, For general debility" impotenc~, etc., Mahalakshmivilasa Rasa (see "Argentum") is recommended. Another preparation of similar composition and called, Manmathabhra Rasa is also used for .the same coinplail1t~. Vishagbhushari Kaviraj A. C. Bisharad mention.;; GTQur. of Ayur.
,Aug. 1925) a case of paralysis of tongue in an .old lady of 80
rendering her unable to utter a single word, arid which was
given up by her attending Doctor, rapidly cured by him under
the treatment of Lakshmibilas Rasa internally and for external
application in the whole region of the tongue and the throat,
of the concentrated extract of the leaves of 'wild fig tree
(Audumbar). Lakshmibilas, Rasa is composed of reduced mica,
and sulphide of mercury 8 toras each, camp,ho,r 4 tolas, seeds
of Gmelina asiatica, of datura, of Can,na,bis indica, Ipomaeia
.digitata, Asparagus racemosus, roots of Sida spinosa and Sida
cordifolia (yellow variety), seeds of Tribulus terrestris and
Eugenia acutangula 2. tolas each, finely pulverised, well mixed
and the whole soaked with the juice of betel leaves and
rubbed well in a stone mortar for days together 'so as to reduce it to a: pill-mass, which is, divided. into pills of 6 grains
each, dried well and preserved jn a glass-stoppered bottle. This
medicine allays many serious and complicated. conditions. In
small-pox with high fever, delirium and severe pain in the
sides etc., Kastur bhus_an (described under Hydrargyrum) is
administered with honey and paste of Rudraksha. In leprosy
with ulceration of the toes and fingers, Galithkusthuri Rasa
described in Bhavaprakash is given. It is made of prepared
talc arid the seeds of Pongamia glabra 4 parts, 'each, mercurYJ
:suiphur, prepared copper and' iron, bdellium, plu,mba.go r90t,
,~
WITH AYVRVEDIC, UNANI & HOME .REMEDIES
129 '
silajit, nuxvomica and triphala each 1 part, !,ubbed together .

with honey and ghee and preserved in an earHlen pot smeared >,
with ghee. Dose is ~bout a drachm. ';I'he diet should consist
of fine rice,. milk, sugar and honey. The pa.tient mUl1t live
apart from his wife. Abhra bhasma with iron, an~ silajit
basmam prepared with a n).lmber of vegetable drugs added,
has been extolled as a specific for diabetes meJlituS. This has
been referred to under Silajit (Asphalt) which see. Dr.
Koman used Abhra bhasma (calcined 100 times), or Sataputabhrakam (i.e. the black ore containing impure mica,
which is burnt down 100 times at a very hi$h temperature,
so as to form an atomised powder), in four cases of diabetes
mellitus, ip doses of 2 to 6 grains morning and evening (twice
a day) with honey, say, half a teaspoonful before food. In all'
cases of diabetes mellitus he say~' there was a gradual dilJlinutlon in 't'ne quan'ti'ty 01 sugar e\irrima'ten itt 'lYre -m;IIllt. emu
the patiel1ts gained strength.-(Ind. Drugs Report, Madras).,
'The following "additional remedks containing talc are useful
in various complaints:-(l) Abhraka bhasmam ? gr~ins and
Triphala churnam 20 grains mixed together, ond divided into
12 doses, alid ecwh powder-dQse given ever)' 4, hours with
plenty of honey, to PCJtient'l suffering from oiabetic abscess,
have found great relief. (2) Take of 'Abhrak(L bhasma 2,
Para k,ajali 2, Balsamodendron mukul 4, fecula of Coc<::ul\ls
cordifo!ia' 8, apq Tri1:;lUhIs terresttis 5 parts. Mix, then add
the juice of Vitex negundo and Cocculus cordifolia. Macerate
well, and dry. Dose is 2 to 4 grains with the decoction of
long-pepper; used in rheumatism. (3) Tal;e of Abhraka
bhasma 3, sulphur 2, Croton seeds 2,. borax 2 parts. Mix and
triturate in the juice of Citrus limonurri. Make a pill mass.
Dose is 3 to 5 grains with rice conj,ee; used il1' ijltestinal worms,
colic, etc. (4) Take of Abhraka bhasma, Para kajuli, Mundura (Ferri peroxidum) equal parts. Mix aI1d macerate the
whole in the JUIce of Asparagus racemosus. Dry' the paste .
over a sand bath. Dose is 1 to 3 grains witn blad~\ pepper and
sugarcandy; used in consumption, fever~ etc. The virtues of
the Swetu, or white variety of mica ar.e highlY' extolled as' being of greater efficacy in eye-diseases, so mucb so that a grain
.or two of 'this preparation taken daily for some length of time'
9
130
is said to endow the blind with sight! The process of reducing white mica is thus:-Take 12 tolas of white mica and
purify it by soaking in co\v's 'urine for 7 days. Then having
dried it, heat it in fire and gradually soak it in (1) ManshaKshir ():Ililk of Euphorbia ineriifolia); (2) Bata-kshir (milk of
banian tree); (3) Arka Kshir (milk of Calotropis gigentea)
seven times each. Then dry it and soak in vinegar for 40 days,.
after which it should be taken out and rubbed arid pulverised.
Mix this powder with l tola mercury (previously purified by
treating with slaked lime) a:nd flower of' Acacia arabica 1 tola
and rub till well mixed and prepare small cakes, and again
soak in vinegar in a storie mortar rubbing daily for three consecutive days. When it assumes the required consistency prepare into small cakes, dry them in the sun and bum in a
covered crucible (Gajaputa). This process of soaking in vinegar and burning should be repeated thrice when the white
mica is reduced. Then correct this in the usual process of
Amritikaran, before it is ready for use. The following is the
process for Amritikaran or' final "vitalization"-The reduced'
powder 1 seer, cow's ghee 24 ounces and the decoction of the
TriphaLa or the three myrobalans one and a half seer should'
be gently boiled together in an iron pot. When the watery
portion is evaporated, let it cool. When dried and pulverised
this becomes ready for use. Dose-! to 2 grains daily with
honey and the decoction of'the three myrobalans.-(jour. of
Ayur.).
55.
ZINCUM
Sans.-Yashada; Tuttinaga. Eng.-Spelter or'impure com-

mercial zinc; zinc-ore. Hind,..-Jasta. Ren.-Dasta.
.,.- Guj.-Jasad .
Duk.-Jas. Tam.-Tutanagam. Tel.-Tuttunagam. Can.Sattu.
Mal.-Nagam;
Tambaga-putch.
Kon.-Tambaku.
Chinese.-Tutenague.
Source.-Never occurs free in Nature, but exists variously
combined with elements to form salts. It exists combined
with oxygen as red oxide, with carbon as an impure carbonate,
with sulphur as sUlphidf or sulpJ,luret (Blende) or with Silica
,
131
as silicate. It is obtained by subliming carbonate or oxide of

zinc with charcoal.
Characters.-It is a bluish-white metal of a granulated
crystalline structure with considerable lustre soluble in the
weakest acids. It is ductile, malleable and can be drawn into
wires or rolled into sheets. Melted zinc on cooling becomes
brittle and may then be reduced to powder. The fused mass
if dropped into water, forms granular zinc. Pure zinc becomes
tarnished by exposure to air. When melted with copper it
forms an alloy known as Brass.
Purification.-It is purified and reduced to powder in the
same way as tin.
,
A.ction. & Uses,-These are similar; to those, of Vanga

bhasma or Tin powder. Zinc bhasma is useful in eye diseases,
various forms of debility, urinary disorders, anaemia and
asthma. "Zinc Bhasmam has a great reputation in Northern
Circars as an effective remedy in cases o~ infantile biliary cirrhosi~. The course of treat~ent usually to be adopted is as
follows:-Rasnadi Tailam 1 oz:-a teaspoonful to be given with
fresh ginger swarasam extracted as. follows:-(1) Take fresh
raw ginger, Gr. 30. Extract a teaspoonful of fresh juice by
adding the required quantity of water. Add half a teaspoonful of honey. Give the powder made of Zinc Bhasmam Gr. 1
and Anandabhairavi Gr'~ 1, along with the swarasam thus prepared. Give the same powder in the evening with honey.
After a week when the patient improves, give the Tailam and
ginger swarasp.m every alternate day only continuing the
powder morning and evening, with honey".~(Dr. A. Lakshmi
Pathi).
56.. ZINCI CARBONAS

(Sans.-Kharpara; Rasaka; Kharpara-tuttha. Eng.-CaIamine; Carbonate of zinc; Zinc subcarbonate; Zinc carbonate.
Hind.--Kala khaparo. Guj.-Khapario. Bom.....,-Sang:i-basari)
is prepared by calcinirtg native Calamine (Zinc sulphate and
carbonate) and reducing it to powder. It is an impalpable
powder; found in.the bazaar as' a 'fine, greyish-black and porous
132
earthy mass, composed of agglutinated granules, very brittle,

odorless, tasteless, insoluble in water, soluble in dilut~ sulphuric acid with effervesce~ce. In shape it resembles pieces of
broken white clay-pipes. Chemically it was found to consist
of carbonate and sHicate of zinc with tra,ces of other metals
as iron, baryta etc. It is used as a dusting powder. Kharpara
bhasma is prepared by taking equal parts of Calamine, lac, turmeric, haradan, ral and borax, finely powdering them and then
heating the mass over a fire till reduced to ashes. Dose is ~ to.
2 grains.
A compound kharpara powder or J vararasa or
bang-i-rasa is prepared by taking Calamine, prepared mercury,
orpiment, copper sulphate, borax and sulphur equal parts and
reducing them to powder. Dose is t to 1 grain.
Karpara
Anjana is prep'ared by adding calamine to decoction of triphala
and stirring and then adding sulphate of copper, rock salt and
borax, mixing well, drying over a sand bath, and adding when
dry, one-tenth part of powdered camphor and mixing intimately. It is used as a collyrium in eye diseases. Vaidyas use calamine as a nervine tonic and alterative lik::: oxide or carbonate of zinc. The compound powder is used in syphilis, scrofula, skin-dIseases, etc. Calamine is one of the chief ingredients in the preparation known as Suvarna Vasanta Malt-i
(see under "Aurum") which is used with honey and long
pepper, in chronic fever, gonorrhoea, leucorrhoea etc. As an
ointment or as dusting powder it is soothing, protective and
astring_ent, used as an application to abrasions and to inflamed
skin; it is used as a lotion with mercuric bichloride (one-sixth
grain to each ounce of lotion) for eczema and acne.
57.
ZINCI OXIDUM; ZINC 'OXIDE
.-
(Eng.-White zinc; flowers of zinc. Pers;-Tutia; Jist.

Hind.-Putty. Guj.-Jasata bhasma; Jasata-na;-phula), is a
soft, white, tasteless and inodorous powder, changing- to pale
yellow by heat. It is prepared, by oxidising and roasting carbonate of zinc. It is insoluble in water, soluble without effervescence in dilute acids and in ammonia water. It is externally mild, soothing, ast:)ingent a~d desiccant. It is dusted over
133
as powder in eczema, impetigo, excoriations, bed-sores and

cracked nipples, or applied as ointment to wounds, burns, vesicular eczema, chronic skin diseases etc. Internally ~t acts as
a nervine tonic, sedative antispasmodic and astringent. It has
a specific control over epilepsy, cholera and other spasmodic
diseases as whooping cough, asthma, hysteria, dipsomania etc.
H is a good remedy to check profuse sweating. For its astringent property it is given in bronchorrhea, and in colliquative
sweats of phthisis. Dose is 2 to 6 grains. A preparation called
Tutanag pashan is given in gonorrhea, leucorrhoea and spermatorrhoea with benefit. With J atamansi it is given in epilepsy with good results.
58.
ZINCI SULPHAS
(Eng.-Sulphate of zinc; zinc sulphate;

White Copperas. Pers.-Suffed)
White
Vitriol;
THE
I~DIAN
MATERIA MEDICA
PART m
ANIMAL KINGDOM
1. ACHATINA FULICA
(Eng.-Land snail. Bom.-Nakhala).
preparing m,edicated 'Oil.
~)1ell
is used for
2. *ACIPENSER HUSO LINN. or A. STELLATUS

(Class-Pisces:-Fishes) .
Eng.-Sturgeon's ,air bag or Swimming, bladder; Isinglass
Dr Icilthyocolla prepared from it. Bom.-Aisinglasa. Arab.Gerius Samak. Hind. & Duk.-Machhika-Siras. Pers.-Serasham-e-Mahi. Tam.-Minvajaram. Tel.-Cheppu vajaram.
Malay.-Palog-pongikan; Ari-ikan.
Japanese or Chinese isinglass is known as Agar Agar.
*Aci-swift. Pinna-wing or fin. Huso-A bladder from
Huyzen bIas. The swimming bladder is so called as by its
expansion and contraction these fishes swim. It contains oxy,gen ,and nitrogen.
Par~s used.-The swiIIlllfing bladder or sound found in
front of the a,bdomen of several species of Sturgeons prepared
and cut into fine shreds called Isinglass.
American
isinglass
..
\
obtained from Gadus Marluc"cius (Hakefish) and from Otolithus regalis (weak-fish) occurs in thin sheets or ribbons.
Characters.-It is white, 'in6dorous and very light. It is a
kind of gela,tin; but it is insoluble in colq water. An aqueous
solution of 1 in 32 of boiling water forms on cooling a good,
transparent, hard jelly.
- 136
Constituents.-In composition it is similar to albumen; it

, contains pure gelatin, an in~oluble membrane 5 to 30 per cent
and ash 0.5 per cent. It is, a constituent of animal tissue,
chiefly of bones.
.
Action & Uses.-It is,l)1ighly nutritious, demulcent and
,emollient. Mixed with starchy.food and with soups it is given
in. chronic diarrhoea in children and for invalids. As an emollie"nt a plaster of isinglass, made of isinglass 10, 'alcohol 40, glycerin 1 part and hot water, is applied on one side of the cloth
'- for cuts and abrasions.
Animal gelatin is obtained from gelatinous tissues such as

skin, tendons, ligamep.t~, cartilages of bones .etc. It is preparedby boiling these tissues in water and drying the resulting jelly
in the air; it forms translucent sheets, layers or shreds. It ,dissolves in hot water and solidifies into a jelly on coollng; it is
insoluble in alcohol or ether. It contains carbon 50 p.c., nitrogen 18, hydrogen 7, oxygen 24 and s1,llphur 0.5 p.c. It is, used
as Calf's feet jelly; it is a basis for suppositories, pessaries, pills.
lozenges etc.
Chondrin is obtained from the cartilages of the ribs ana
jother non-ossifying cartilages and is analogous to gelatin. It
,. ",,~, 'is used as emollient, nutritive and protective. The watery so-:Jution of its j'elly is precipitated by alum acetate of lead, Jerrie
? salts, acetic and mineral acids but not 'by tannin and mercuric
. , chloride.
3.. ACRIDOTHERES
GINGINIANUS
Lath., is a bird;' (Eng.-Bank-Myna. Sans.-Atipakshi;

. Saral-pakhi. Ben.-Gang-salik;- Ramsalik. Bom.-Bagalipakshina). .Flesh is beneficial in ;vitiated wind-and cough'.
_Action:-Cardiac: and stimulant.
j
/1. ADEPS
(N. O.:-Sus scrofa; Famiiy:.-Suidae) .

"
Eng.-Lard;
purified
~ Bazaars.-Charbe~.
internal fat of the
hog.
Indiarn
131
Source.-Fresh fat of the aBU'omen of th~ pig, especially

the fat over the mesentery, omentum and kidn~ys of blood and
its external m~mbranes.
, ~
Preparation & Purification.____:It is first eXDosed to the air,
then cut into thin slices, beaten in ~ ~ortar ahd reduced to a
uniform mass. It is then put into a vessel surrounded by
water and h~ated till the fat m_elts and separates from the
membranous matter; it is then strained: To remove the nau-
seoUS odour, alum 15 grains and common salt 30 grains is added
to every pound of the lard.
Characters.-It is a soft white unctuous mass of a faint
odour, bland taste and neutral reaction. It dissolves entirely in
ether, benzin and bisulphide of carbon.
Constituents.-Olein about 60 per cent, and palmitin,.
mar garin, and stearin total about 40 per cent.
Uses.-It is used for preparing benzoated lard which contains lard incorporated in benzin powder 3 p.c. and which is.
employed for preparing ointments. Lard oil (Oleum Adepis)
is obtained by expressing the fixed oil from latd at a low temperature when the stearin becomes separated from the olein;
it is often adulterated with cotton oil and pantffin oil. Sometimes it is uSed in the preparation of nitrate of mercury oint-
ment.
q
5. ADEPS LANAE
(N. O.:-Ovisaries; Family:-Bovi<iae).
(Eng._..:._Anhydrous wool fat) is a purified cholesterin-fat
of sheep's, wool; also found .in human skin"hair, feathers of
fowls and variow,:; parts of other anim<;lls. F()r further particulars see B. P. .& Extra Pharmacopoeia.
6. ADEPS,LANAE'HYDROSIJS
,,'~
(Eng.-Hydrous wool fat; lanolin; agnin) is a yellowish

'white 'unctuous mass. It is not misCible with glycerin, but
:138
,miscible with water. It contains lanolin, cholesterin, palmitic,

:stearic, oleic, and valerian\c acids and ash. It is emollient; has
a great affinity for the skin. It is better for ointments if mixed
'with an equal part. of soft paraffin. It is a good application for
-excoriation of the mouth, nose, anus etc., also for burns
and scalds: For further uses etc., see BoP. and Extra Pharma"
.copoeia.
7. AEGITHINA TIPHIA, Linn.

,(Eng. Common-lora). See Clamator jacobinu5, Bodd.
8. AGAMA AGILIS
See:-Lacerta agilis.
9. ALBUMEN
See:-Gallus Bankiva.
10.
ALECTORIS GRAEA, Meisner
(Sans.-Upachakra. Ben.-Chakor).
:generative of strength and stomachic.
Flesh is astringent,
11. AMBRA GRASEA

,
(Sanso-Amber-Sugandaho Bng.-Ambergriso Arab. Hind.
'Ben. Bom. Mah. & Kon.-Amber: Pers.-:;-Mushk-amper;

Shahabula. Guj.-Ambara. Tam.-Minumber. Sinh.-Mus
Sumbra. Burm.-P;3.yen-anbhat) is a morbid excretion contained in the intestines or caecum of the sperm-whale-: It is in
the form of a concrete .fuass found floating on the Red Sea or
cast on the shores of Africa. A single whale's excretion has
rbeen found to weigh 750 lbs. It is opaque, seldom white, often
.darkish brown, ashy-cq!Qured 011 grey or of a pink_colQur. The
139
odour is peculiarly fragrant, resembling that of 'musk; it is

nearly tasteless. It melts in hot water, but not in cold; soluble
in ether, fats, volatile oils and hot alcohol. It contains ambrein 85 per cent, a little of balsamic extractive and ash. It is
stimulant, antiseptic, and antispasmodic; used in general weakness, epilepsy, spasms and nervous debility; also given in high
fevers with insensibility or delirium and in the collapse, stage
of cholera, plage and other infectious diseases. Dose is 5 to
15 grains; used as a confection. Used for mixing with perfumes.
12.
ANABAS SCANDENS, Daldorf.

See-Fishes.
13. ANIMAL FLESH

Sanskrit writers divide flesh into two classes, namely
Jangta or land, and Anupa or water animals:-Anupa mansa
(flesh of Anupa animals) is said to be "sweet, soothing, heavy
of digestion, demulcent, fattening, checking appetite, phlegmatic, excitive of wind (vata) and generative of flesh"-(N. N.
Sen Gupta). Animals' living on land are sub-divided into eight
orders as follows:-JangLa or animals living in the wilderness
as deer, aptelopes etc. The meat of JangLa animals is broadly speaking sweet and astringent causing slight constipation.
It is light, easy of digestion, strengthening and appetizing,
checking tridosha and increasing vitality .
. Vilasiha, or animals living in holes underground as :oerpents, lizards, porcupines etc.-Meat of such animals checks
Vayu, is sweet to taste, heaty, increases pitta, is strengthening,
lessens excretion of urine and faeces. Guhasaya or animals
living in caverns, as tIgers, lions, bears, etc.--Meat of such animals checks Vayu, is difficult of digestion, s,trengthening, somewha,t 'good for those suffering from eye and rectal diseases.
Parnamriga or animals livirlg .on trees, as monkeys, squirrels,
pt('-Mp~t
('If
<:l1('h ~nim"l" dirr'l111~t"" ",it~litv
i" dnni! fn.,. .,up"
140r
,:,. ,
,promotes floW of urine and faeces and is good in certain respirato:r;Y di~eas~s and pilei' V_ish~ira or birds which take th~ir
food after tearmg OJ;" 'scattenng It, ,as fowls, peacocks, qUalls,
partridges, etc.-Meat of ~uch 'birds is sweet and astringent,
cooling, easy of digestion, strengthening, checks tridoshas and
is very good. Pratuda or bi~ds which strike with their beaks, as
pigeons, wag-tails, cuckoos, etc.~Meat of such birds is simi-
1ar to those of VU!hk,ira, except that it increases Vayu, but
~hecks Kapha and Pitta. Prasaha or birds of prey, as the
'ha'w~{alc'on-e(c.-The meat of such birds is very heaty, derange,s, pitta," induces acidity and diseases like ulcers and sinuses,
general weakness and even insanity.
Gramya or domestic
~~J;lip~ls: as ox, ~oat, horse, sheep, etc.-.--The meat of such ani'rrtals.relieves flatulence, produces kapha and pitta, nourishes,
i,s sweet in taste, non-acidifying in reaction, stimulating and
enhancing metabolism-(Susruta).
:;'.~~r:' Animals living in water or marshy lands are subdivided

t!
,Jp,J9 five classes as follows:-Kulechara, or animals grazing

marshes, as buffalo, yak, rhinoceros, etc.-Meat of such animals checks vayu and pitta, is str'engthening, vitalising, sweet,
cooling and soothing, increases kapha and promotes urinary
secretIon. Plava, 'or birds which swim in water, as geese,
ducks, cranes, etc.-Meat of such birds checks pitta, is soothing"
heavy of digestion but cooling, stimulates secretion of faeces,
strengthening and vitallsing, increases Vayu and Kapha.
Kosastha, or animals enClosed in shells, as conch-shells,
bivalve-shells, etc,-Meat of such animals is sweet and soothing, cooling, strengthening, vitalising, increases faecal refus2,
checks Vayu & Pitta. Padina, or footed aquatic animals as tortoise, crocodile etc.-Meat of such animals is similar to that of
Kosastha. Matlya, or fishes:.l_Meat r of fish is ..,soothing, but
heating after digestion, increases Kaphu ~d Pitta and checks,
Vayu. It is strengthening, vitalising 'and palatable and is
specially s~othing to alcohoiics, good for sensuous individuals
having strong digestion.
r ,in
Of these classes, Jangla and Vishkira are considered'

superior to the others in an alimentary point of view. Flesh
of the goat, domesticdowl (Gallus domesticus-flesh is:
141
stimulant, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, nutritious and generative of semen; beneficial in disturbance of the three humours,
phthisis, vomiting and remittent fever), peac<;Jck and partridge
is easily digested and suited to the sick and convalescent. The
flesh of the francoline (see-Francolinus pondicerianus), partridge (Titir). Flesh of the white variety is astringent, refrigerant, demulcent, easily digestible, constipating, cardiac stimulant; used to improve memory, allev.iative of the Tridoshas.
Beneficial in cough, phthisis, fever, epistaxis and hiccup. (N.N.
Sen Gupta). Pigeon's flesh is demulcent, tonic, cardiac, nutritious. Used in constipation, beneficial in phlegm, bile, vitiated blood and wind, lepr.osy, and is prohibited in jaundice.
Flesh of peacock (Nila-mayura) is "excitive of wind, cardiac,
tonic, generative of memory, beneficial in the diseases of wind,
ear-diseases and eye-diseases. The. egg is sweet, cardiac and
highly beneficial in loss of semen, heart-diseases and ulcers".(N. N. Sen Gupta). Soup made from birds' meat (white
'meat) or from meat of deer is a. diet in chronic cases of enlarged liver and spleen. Meat soup of deer and other wild animals: (to replace the tissue waste, e.g., albumen in the dis'
charge) is a diet for fistula in ano, when there is no fever.
Meat of the deer, sambar, hare, quail and partridge is recommended for habitual use. Fish, beef and pork are 'considered'
hard to digest and unsuited for daily use. "Beef is very heavy
and difficult of digestion, i~ soothing but excites Pitta and
Kapha,. checks Vayu, is 'strengthening', good in cough, chronic
wasting fev.ers, disease of the nose, catarrh, phthisis, dyspepsia:
where there is a morbid craving for food, very suitable food
for people of active habits and not suitable in any other season
except winter.-(Charaka). From the' above it is evident
that 'the ancient Hindus used, to take' beef when they came
from Central Asia. (Dr. Ashutosh Roy in the journal of
Ayurveda, Feb. 1926).
Flesh of various animals is used in medicine chiefly in the
form of ghrita or taila paka. Following is a list of the more
important and <;ommonly used ghrita.s and oils' made, with the
flesh of different animals:,-Hansadi ghrita, prepa;red with the'
flesh of g:eese, and used in cephalalgia and ,nervous diseases.
142
Kukkutadi ghrita, prepared with the flesh of fowls, and used

in chronic cough. Siva ghrita, prepared with jackal's flesh
and used in insanity. Chagaladi or Chagaladya ghrita, prepared with goat's meat ~nd used in nervous diseases. Meat;soup is contra-indicated after "Pitta" or "Vayu-Pitta" causing
diarrhoea. When indica~ed, the meat recommended is that of
game birds like partridge, "Lava", "Gonshi" and wild animals
like deer and rabbit. Meat-juice is advised for diet in "vayu"
variety and "kapha" variety of "Arsa" (piles). Meat-soup of
.jungly animals is a diet in piles. Sambukadi taila is an oil
prepared with the flesh of snails and used externally in ear
diseases.
Nakuladya ghrita is prepared with the flesh of
mongoose and used'in nervous diseases.
The following are two illustrations of preparations with
animal flesh:-Chagaladya ghrita: Take of goat's meat (see
Capra-aegagrus, i.e., goat whose flesh is nourishing, cardiac and
stimulant) 6l seers, the ten drugs called dasamula 61 seers in
all, water 64 seers; boil till the latter is reduced to one-fourth
and strain. Take of clarified butter, milk and the juice of
Asparagus racemosus 4 seers each; and the following substances in the form of a paste, namely, Tinospora cordifolia,
bamboo manna,. Withania somnifera, Hemidesmus indicus,
berries called kakoli, bulbs called kshirakakoli, pulse of
Phaseolus trilobus, and of Glycine debilis, Caelogyne ovalis
(jivanti), and liquorice root, 1 seer in all; boil them together
and prepare a ghrita. TMs preparation is given in facial paralysis, deafness, loss of voice or indistinct speech, convulsions,
hysteria, sciatica, paralysis and other diseases of the nervous
system. Masha taila:-Take of goat's meat 8 seers, water 64
seers; boil together till the latt~r is reduced to 16 seers. Take
of the pulse of Phaseolus .roxburghii, linseed",.harley, root of
Barleria prionites, and of Solanum jacquinii, 'X'ribulus terrestris, bark of Calosanthes indica, jatam:a:L16I root, seeds of
Mucuna pruriens, e';ch 1 seer, water 64- seers; boil down to 16
seers, TaRe. of cotton ~eeds, seeds oJ 'Srotolaria juncea, pulse
of Dolichos uniflorus, dried pulp
Ziziphus jujuba, each 2'
seers, water 64 seers; boil down to 16 seers. Take of ginger,
long pepper, dill seeds, root of Ricinus communis, of Boer-
o,r
"
14~
haavia diffusa, Poederia foetida, Yanda roxburghii, Sida cordifolia, Tinospora cordifolia, and Picrorrhiza kurroa, equal parts
in all 1 seer, and reduce them to a paste. Boil the abovementioned decoctions and the paste with 4 S>2ers of sesamum
oil in the usual way. This oil is rubbed externally in convulsions, paralysis, wasting of limbs and other diseases of the
nervous system.-(Bhaishajyaratnavali). Testicles of a sheep
or goat are boiled in cow's milk and sugar, prepared as
payasam 9r Halwa, and given internally increases man's virility.-(Vatsyayana's Kamasastra). A man who eats sesamum
seeds prepared again and again in milk and cooked with the
testicles of a goat, or the two testicles of a goat prepared with
ghee and milk, together with salt and molasses, increases virility in him.- (Ratirahasya).
14. ANSER INDICUS, Lath.

(Eng.-Gander or Drake. Sans.-Hansa. Ben.-Hans.
Bom.-Ballaki). Flesh is stimulant, difficult to digest, demulcent, nutrient, phlegmatic, corrective of voice, alleviative of
(vayu'. Egg is stimulant, easily digestiOle, cardiac stimulant
and aphrodisiac. Flesh and eggs are beneficial in cough, heart
disease and ulcers.
15. ANTIGONE ANTIGONE, Linn.

(Eng.-Indian Crane. Sans.-Sarasa. Ben.-Saras).
Flesh is beneficial in diarrhoea and piles. Action:-Flesh is:
difficult to digest and antibilious.
16.
ANTILOPE CERVICAPRA, Linn.
(Eng.-Indian antelope or Black Buck. Sans.-Ehamriga.

Hind.-Farisail Harin). Flesh is astringent and stomachic.
Flesh is useful in fever, u,lcers, phtl;lisis, piles, jaundice and
cough.
,..
I
:144
THE INDIAN, MATERIA MEDICA
17. APIS MELLIFICA

A. indica;
A. dorsata;
A. florea, etc.-see also Mel.
FamiLy :-Apidae-the hiv~s or the honey bees belonging to
Hymenoptera class, are fo"\.md in most parts of the Globe.

There are two medicinal pr;oducts prepared by the bee. These
are:-Mel or honey, a saccharine secretion. deposited by the
insect in the honey comb; and Cera or wa;x;; (which see under
. their respective heads).
18. ARDEOLA GRA YII, Sykee

(Eng.-Heron. Sans.-Krauncha. Ben.-Konch Bak).
Flesh is used in fever, phthisis, cough, oedema, loss of appetite,
. swoon and stone in the bladder. .
.
19. ARLUS ARIUS, Ham. & Buch.
(Eng.-Fisb.. Sans;-Ari-matsya. Ben.-Armach). Action.

cardiac and stimulant. Flesh is difficult to, digest;
improves memory, wind and. phlegm.
-Demulc~nt,
20.
ATHENE BRAMA INDICA
(Eng.-Owl. Sans.-UIooka. Ben.-Pechak). Flesh is stimulant, produces 'vayu~ cholagogue. Useful in oedema, insanity and loss of semen.
21. BALAENA
(Eng.-Whale. Sans. & Ben.---'Timi). Flesh is stimulant,

demulcent, difficult to digest, (constipating); indJces dyspepsia,
and phlegm, and is a cardiac stimulant and carrninative.
2!'~
iBttOAR
(Eng.-Serpent stone; gall-stone. Pers.-Hajaratalbaqr;

. Gaorohan. Hind. Ben) 1I:1ah. and Gtii~Gorochan. Tel.-
WITH AYURVEDIC" UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
145
.aorochan~mu. Tam.-Gorochana) is a concretion found in the

..stomach and in the' gall-bladder of an ox or cow and occurs as'
light, yellowish or green, solid or spherica.l concretions. In
_Hindu medicine it is highly prized and extensively used. Dose
is 1j6th to 1/4th grain. It is cooling~ and aromatic. Prescribed
in miscarriage. Artificial bezoar is a substance made up of ox
gall mixed with hair;- 'Wood, magnesia, phosphate of lime, pipe
.clay, etc. For fur~her information see F~l Bovis._
2:t BIVALVE SHEL, belonging to Mollusca class

(Sans-Sukhali. Eng.-Chhip. Guj.-Chhipa) is a hard,
transparent, brilliant substance consisting of two halves joined
together, as in oyster-shells, of colour varying from white, red
.or yellow to black. The shape is 'rhomboid and fan-like. Each
valve has its upper surface cOI).vex and under surface concave.
A preparation known as Chhipa bhl1:sma (Cl).hip I?owder, purified) is prepared like Cowri hho~srna; its action and uses are
similar to those of Cowri bhasrna. A paste made of Ch1iipa
bhasma 5, bisulphuret and trisulphuret of arsenic Nlch 4 parts
and Sajjikhara 6 parts, is applied as a depilatory to remove
nair.
24. BOMBYX MORI, MQth. & B. Mylitta '

(Eng.-Silk-pod; raw silk cocoon; siik worm-moth. Ger.
-Serikos. Arab.-Abre-shama. Ben.-Pat. Duk.-Reshm-kikeedi. Guj.-Resham-na-potan. Mah. & Kon.-Reshmi-chikeed. Tam.-Putloo puchie. Tel.-Puftoo purughu; Narputtio.
Can.-Reshmi-hula). The former are' the worms which feed
on the leaves of Morus (Shetura). Those who feed on the
leaves of Rhamnus jujuba are known as Bombyx mylitta. The
cocoons or oval sacs are 'coverings sIlun by a group of silk
moths during their metamorphosis. Each moth is about an inch
long, half .inch thick. Internally the sac contains dark"brown
dried remains of a caterpillar. The cocoon-ash IS the preparation used in medicine. Dose is 3 to 10 grains. It is used as a
'styptic, tonic and astringent, to check profuse menstruation,
146.
leucorrhoea and chronic diarrhoea. It is generally given in

combination with other as~ringents. The silk-pod. is regarded
as an aphrodisiac, generally used. in confection for eye diseases
and catarrh.
25. B,OS BUBALUS, ,Linn.

(Eng.-Buffalo. Sans.-Mahisha. Hind~-Bhais. Ben.Mahish. Tam.-Dumaputu). Flesh is stimulant, demulcent,
difficult to digest, cardiac-stimulant. Milk. ~s refrigerant, dim,
cult to digest, demulcent, cardiac-stimulant, aphrodisiac, phlegmatic and hypnotic.
26. BOS TAURUS, Linn.

(Sans.-Gau; Go; Gabhi. Eng.-Ox or Cow. Hind. Guj.
Mah. and Kon.-Bail or Gal. Ben.-Van; Go; Goru. Arab.
-Bakana. Burm.-Niva; Pyoung. Tam.-Mada. Can.Etthhu; Dana) is an animal found in all parts of the world.,
Different parts of this animal are used in medicine, viz.: Fe!
Sovis; Fer' Bovinum Purificatum; Lactus, etc., 'which 'see under
their respective heads. Fresh cowdung laved on the bumt parts
alleviates the pain of burns and wounds; applied to a cut or a
bruise, it stops the bleeding and h~als the wound. In cases of
pains in consequence of falls or wounds, plasters made of fresh
cowdung heated on 'fire are applied with much benefit..
27. BUFO MELANOSTICUS

See:-RANA TIGRINA.
28. CAMELUS DROMODARIUS, Linn.

(Eng.-Camel. Sans.-Ustra. Hind.-Ur. Ben.-Ut) .
For action and uses of Milk, Ghee, Urine, etc., see the respective sections.
"
29.
CAPRA-AEGAGRUS,
147
Gtn~lin
(Eng.-Goat). See-Animal Flesh; Lactus; etc., Sections,

for action" uses, etc.
30.
CARCHARODON CARCHARIUS, Linn.
(Eng.-Shark).
31.
CASTOREUM
(Class:-Rodentia)
Sans.-Gendha. Eng.-Castor. Arab.-Ashbutchegan. Pers.Kundbadastar. Hind.-Gondabadustan; Jundp. Duk.-Gavad.

Guj.-Zanda-bidastara. Tam.-Kasturi munai. Tel.-Zanun;
Naru; Kukka-bejam. Mal.-Alu-Beeyum.
..'
Source.-Dried preputial follicles and. secretions from, the

Beaver Castor fiber.
Parts Used.-The concrete secretion from the dried preputial follicles and secretions from the two sacs situated near
the anus.
Characters.-It is a resinous product; when fresh it is of
flesh colour. After drying, it becomes brown or black. Its
odour is pungent and resembles that of cat's urine. The taste
is acid and bitter.
Constituents.-A volatiI~ oil having carbolic acid 1 to 2
per cent, acrid \;lit.ter resin 15 to 58 p.<;., crystalline substances
such as castorin, chqlesterin and salicin.
Action & uses.-It is a stimulant of the exhausted nervous system, and antiseptic. As an antispasmodic it .is useful
in hysteria, epilepsy, asthma, muscular tremor and tympanit~;::;.
It has a specific influence over the uterus and is given as tincture in uterine colic, as an emmenagogue in amenorrhoea and
dysmenorrhoea. It is we,aker _in action than musk, valerian,
camphor, ether on ammonia. Dose is half to one drachm in
powder or in pill.
148
32.
CATERIA LACCA or COCCUS LACCA;

TAC~ARDIA LACCA
Sans.-Laksha. Eng.-Lac. Hind. Mah. & Kon.-:-Lakh.

Ren.-Gala. Mal.-Laksha. Can.-Aragu; Laksha. Tam.Kombarakku; Araku. Tel.-Laksha; Lacca; Lukkah. Guj.Lakha.
.
Source:-"Lac is a resinous substance usually of a reddish or dark-brown colour,. with a disagreeable smell and
easily breakable with a cracking soupd, deposited on the
twigs of trees such as the banyan, croton, acacia and peepul,
by a small insect called the "Carteria lacca". Writers are at
variance as to the formation of lac. Some state that the insects attack the young branches of the trees above mentioned
.and fix themselves to the hranches; the female insect after
oviposition is effected dies, giving out from her body a reddish
liquid which solidifies and forms a crust about an inch thick
round the branch attacked; others again affirm that the sting
of the insect affects the sap or gum of the trees, which forms
the lac. Another writer is of opinion that the deposit is the
excreta of the inseds".-(Manual of Jail Industries (1931),
Madras).
Origin of Lac:-"The minute Hemipterous insect
'Tachardia Lacca lives upon the plant juices, sucked up by its
proboscis. In the adult state, the females have no power of
locomotion, but the males at attaining maturity, emerge from
theIr pupal cases, become possessed' of a pair of long transparent wings, and flyaway to visit the females and shortly
after die. At two (in some cases three) seasons the swarming
of the larvae takes place, viz: Jllly and December or also
January. The larvae are seen to emerge from -the dead bodies
of the :females and .tq crawl away in, quest 9f fresh feeQing
grounds. They are then minute creatl..lres of an orange-red
colour; have no responsible separation of body in-to head,
thorax and abdomen; have fully formed fe~lers and powerful
legs, but are devoid of any characteristics by which they can
be separated into male and female. They measure about
1/40th of an inch in siEe. For .some days the swarming con-
149
tinues until the twigs become distinctly reddish in colour and

literally alive. The vast majority, .however, perish, the more
fortunate are wafted on the breezes or carried by the bees,
birds, squirrels, etc., or by their own exertions, to new situations. The larvae thus become fixed, and their legs, being
useless, drop off. Lastly, a resinous excretion begins to form
around their bodies, which by the aggregation of many, in
time assumes the condition of a more or less complete encrustation of the twigs. If, at this stage, the encrustation be cut open lengthwise, it will be seen to be of cellular
structure."-(Manual of Jail Industries, 1931, Madras).
In cold weather the branches of the lac plant (Laksha
taru) often swarm with the lac-insects and seem covered with
a red dust. The insects (female) produce small nipple-like
incrustation on the twigs, their bodies being apparently glued
together by a liquor which forms a cellular texture. The animal resembles a small bug. After a time the young qnes
escape: leaving empty cells on the branches. Stick lac is the
name given to the twigs encrusted with lac (the radiated cellular substance) that are collected from the trees. These twigs
are dried in the shade. The wood then shrinks, often leaving
the lac as hollow tubes, but some of the wood still adheres.
Various forms and sizes are given to stick lac. Thus when
the resinous concretion is"taken off, the twigs broken, triturated and washed in water iIi mortar, the greater part of the
colouring matter IS dissolved and the remaining granular matter is known as seed lac. In other words, seed lac is stick lac
crushed and reduced to roundish pieces that more or less correspond to the -female's cells. The dust produced when sifting the seed lac is called' "Kaud". Seed lac breaks off into
small particles'. Grain seed-lac when melted over a fire and
squeezed through a pIece of calico into troughs, spreads out
into thin glossy flakes known as shell lac, i.e., seed lac is
specially washed and bleached and miXed with a proportion
of arsenic and resin. This is put in bags and placed over a
fire. The lac is fused through the meshes of the bag. The,
molten lac is spread out in sheet .form and allowed to coolthe result being shell lac or shellac. (Manual of Jail Indus-
150
tries, 1931, Madras). If dropped in rounded masses it is

known as button lac; if in! larger pieces, it is called sheet lac.
Action & Vses in Ayurveda & Siddha.-Kashayarasam,

seetha veeryam, kqtu vipclli:am, pitta-kapha-haram, snigdam,
balyam, in Ricca, kasam, ,haemoptysis, thailam, dhatukatha
jwaram.
Action & Uses in Unani.-Rot 2, Dry 3. Tonic for
liver, stomach and intestine, haemostatic, resolvent of obstructions, jaundice, dropsy, kidney, reduces fat in the adipose
persons.
U ses.-:Shell lac finely powdered, half, a tola mixed with
honey and prepared in the form of an electuary, is given in
haematemesis. Lac is a specific application fqr caries and
diseased teeth. It is also used for inunction in the fOrI]:l of
several medicinal oils as Lakshadi taila. It is prepared thus:Take of shell-lac 2 seers, water 16 seeTS, boil till reduced to
4 seers and, strain. To this decoction of shell lac, add 4 seers
of prepared sesamum oil, 16 seers of whey, and 2 tolas each
of the following substances:-Withania somnifera, turmeric,
Devadaru wood, root. of Sanseviera, zeylanica, Pandanus .odoratissimusi Yanda ro~burghii) dill seeds and liquorice root in
the form of a paste and prepare an oil in the usual way; lastly
add 4 tola9 of camphor. This oil is much used for inunction
in chronic fever and consumption; and is applied to the chest
in remittent fevers accompanied by cough and dyspnoea; also
used in lumbago, myalgia, epilepsy and hysteria, as an application to the nape of the neck and spine. If this oil is applied
to the body of a pregnant woman the foetus grows fatter. A
decoction of shell lac is also used in the preparation of other
medicinal oils such as' Chandanadi taila, Angarika taila, etc.,
prepared in a similar way with the addition of various medicinal substances in the form of paste. Locally shell lac is
used as a stimulant application to indolent, scrofulous and
scorbutic ulcers. The fl,uid lac dye obtained by dissolving the
crushed stick-lac in water is called Alakta.
33.
151
CEPHALOPODA
See Os Sepie; Sepia officinalis.
34.
CERA
(Sans.-Siktha; Madhujan.: Eng.-Wax. Arab.-Shama.

pers. Hind. Ben. & Duk.:":':'Mom. Guj.-Mina; Min. Mah.
Can. & Kon.-=-Maeha. Tdm.-Mellugu. Mal.-Taenmazhacu.
Tel.-Mai-nam. Kash.-Sinth. Burm.-H'pa~noung; Phayouii.
.1\1alay.-Lilin. Sinh.__:Mietfie; ltti) exists in the pollen and
surface 'Of the leaves of many plants, chiefly the wax myrtle.
It is extracted "by the honey bee and used in the constr~ction
of the honey comb. Cera flava or yellow beeswax is obtained
by squeezing or pressing the comb (when the honey is extracted) and melting it in hot water and' allowing to cool. It
is purified by repeating this process .several times and finally
casting the wax into moulds. It is a yellowish solid mass (Cera
Flava B.P.) harder than butter, with honey-like odour. It is
insoluble in water, soluble in cold alcohol (3 p.c.) and in
chloroform (25 p.c.). It contains hydrocarbons 12 to 15 p.c,
cerolein, cerinor, cerotic acid which crystallizes from boiling
alcohol, myricin or myricyl and me}issyl palmitate, ceryl alcohol etc. Myricin is a principal constituent, crystalline, soluble in hot ether, almost insoluble in boilin~ alcohol. By the
action of potash it is converted into palmitic acid and myricil
alcohol. Wax is an emollient and demulcent, chiefly used externally as basis, in the preparation of ointments, plasters
etc. Smoking Op~U);rl or beeswax in a hookah- is said to give
relief in scorpion bites' by counteracting the effects of poison!
Equal quantities of Balsamodehdron mukul, B. pubescens,
wax and sesame oil are melted together and when applied over
boils in the form of plaster, are effective. A paste made of wax,
soap and root of the castor oil plant, in honey, is used for
application to ulcers; this is used in dysentery where ulcers
are suspected to be present. An oil made of wax by boiling
<Over a fire, a mixture of yellow wax, common salt and sand
and filtering and cooling the filtrate is also useful as a mild
152
protecting sheath, when applied ipJp the rectum in dysentery

where ulcers are suspected to exist. It is also applied with.
benefit to painful rheumatic joints. The oil occurs generally'
as a liquid, but sometimes :as a solid mass of a brownish dark
colour.
35. CERA ALBA

(White beeswax) is yellow.beeswax obtaine9. from the
honeycomb, and bleached by expqsure to moisture, air and
ligqt. A past~ made of white wax ? tolas, Lawsoni~ alba or
senna leaves 2 mashas and rose watE!:f 4 tolas is recommended.
by Hakims, as a loc;al application for fist~la in ana.
36. CERA FLAVA

See :-"Cera".
37.
CEREVESIA LAC TIS
See:-~~>tHniss
or Kumyss.
38. CERVUS ARISTO'I:ELIS

See:-Cervus,Elephus.
39.
CERVUS nAMA, Linn.
(Satls.;-Mrigasring; fIaranasing.
Eng.-~art's
horn;
Deer horn) is used in the form of a powder. It is of white
colour, without odour or taste and contains 57.5 p.c., of phosphate of lime. The powder is prepared by burl1in~ hart's.
horn in closed ve~~els anp then reducing the ashes to a fine
powder. The powder i~ nutritive and demulcent;
it
is given internally in painful affections of the jointsJ sciatica
and lumbago, in cardialgia, pieuroayl}~~ and other affections;
v
...
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME :l;Ui':MEDIES
153:
of the heart. Dose is 15 to 25 grains with ghee, milk or cream.

Fumes of Horn are recommended as giv:ing relief in hiccup.
(Practically the same as "Spirits of hart's horn"). Its chief
use is in cough and asthma, in low fever, loss of appetite and.
phosphaturia especially of ~hi~dren.
40. CERVUS ELEPHUS or C. Aristotelis or
C. Equinus
(Sa.ns.-Sambarasinga. Eng.-Stag's 'horn. Pers.-Maral;

Gookorh. Hind.-Barasinga. Ben.-Ghous or Gaoj; (female):.
_.Bhalouje, Guj.-Sambar singdun.
Mah.-Meru. Tel.Kannadi. Can.-Kadavi; Kadaba) is used in the form of
powder and paste. The horn consists of three 'anterior antlers
curved upwards, .of a dark~brown or pale yellow ~olour, generally marked with longitudinal ridges which are irregularly
tuberculated. On section, the interior is porQus', hard in the
centre arid. compact at the margin. When freshly' cut it smells.
like burnt sugar. Sambarsinga bhasma (ash) is prepared by
burning the horn in an open fire or by soaking its pieces in.
the milky juice of Calotropis gigantea and then. roasting. Doseis 5 to 15' grains. This,.corisists mainly of Calcium phosphate.
James' powder may be prepared by mixing the bhasma with
sulphuret of antimony ana subjecting the mixture to whiteheat. This will yield antimony oxide and calcium phosphate;
Sambarsing paste is a liquid cream obtained by rubbing the
staghorn on a piece of stone, pouring hot water over it, from.
time to time. Sambarasinga is locally astringent and sedative;
internally a. nervine and blood tonic. The bhasma is given.
internally as a restorative tonic, with honey, in diseases of
the respiratory system, as cough, asthma, consumption; alsoweak heart, enlarged ~lands and in, s~minal deb~lity. ~t is a
specific- remedy in doses of 4 to 8 grains for ple'\-ll;-isy and pneumonia with honey and essence of ginger. The pq.ste is given
internally in dy&entecy, and locally appliet;]_ with stimulating
ingredients like ammonia; brandy etc., .to spra.ins, contusions,
cracks and fissures and to the forehead in headache and to.
relieve itching in chronic skin diseases; also to orchitis and
3.54
other enlarged glands. It is a useful :remedy for the relief

-of rheumatic pains, and for pains in the ribs.
41. iCETACEUM,
(Eng.-Spermaceti
B. P.
Urdu
& Hind.-Whale
:Machhli-ke-Barki charbi. Arab.-Mann-ul-qeetas)
is a
concrete
fatty
supstance
contained
in
the
large
,cavity in front of the large Cranium
(near the
upper jaw) of the Sperm Whale (Physeter macrocephalus),
found in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It, is obtained niixed
with sperm oil or oleum ceti. The semi.:fluid substance is obtained from the head of the whale; it is then dried in suitable
bags and afterwards submitted to strong pressure to. remove
the oil; the pressed cake is melted in warm water and 'any
impurities removed; then boiled with a weak caustic soda
-solution to solidify and this .is Spermaceti. It is a pearly-white,
translucent, crystalline unctuous mass of the consistence of
lard, with a mild bland taste and a faint, fatty odour; it is
reducible to powder when previously moistened by alcohol; it
becomes rancid by exposure' to the air:; it has a .neutral reaction. It is insoluble in water, soluble in fixed and. volatile oils,
ether, chloroform and boiling rectIfied spirit. It contains
cetyl palmitate, or acetylic alcohol combined with palmitic
acid forming a fat cetin. It is a. demulcent. Given,.in alvine
'ar:d urinary irritations; also used as a base for ointments and
cerates. As an emollient dressing it is used for blistered or
,excoriated surfaces and ulcers.
42.
CHELONIA
(Eng.-Turtle) is found on the sea coast of Southern

India and gulf of Manar. The oil extracted from it (Hind.Kachakru. Guj.-Kachbo. Mal.-Lisk; kurakura; kulitpaun)
is a pale yellow liqUid of a fishy odour and disagreeable taste.
It is used as alterative, nutrient and demulcent; fat is chiefly
-given in scrofula, rickets, anaemia and pulmonary affections.
Dose is 1 to 2 drachms.
155
Vaccine from tortoise.-This is a cure recommended for

<consumption. The report of the Commission appointed in Germany to e_xamine the efficacy of Dr. Friendman's vaccine for
the treatment of tuberculosis says.-HThe. vaccine is valuable
in the anti..,tuberculosis struggle as having given surprising results after one or two injections. The vaccine is composed of
the pure cultures of the tubercle bacilli of the, tortoise".
43. CLAMATOR JACOBINUS, Bodd. or Hirundo rustica,

Linn. or Aegithina tiphia, Lim1.
(Eng.-Common lora; Swallow. Sans.-Chataka. Hind.'Tokka. Ben.-Chatak). Flesh is refrigerant, stomachic, car<1iac stimulant and nutritious. Used in epistaxis and phlegmatic ailments.
44.
CLUPEA ILISHA, Ham &. Buch

See:-Pisces.
45. COCCUS CACTI (Dactylopius coccus-Family:'Coccidae) belonging to Insecta class and Hemiptera Order
(Eng.-Cochineal insect. Pers.-Danaha. Hind.-Beerbouhte.e; Kirminj. Guj.-Kiramaja. Tam.-Kiramjee; Kochinil-puchi. Tel.-Kiramju; Cochinil plirugu. Can.-Kiramjee)
is an insect of a scarlet (red) colour and little larger than
a bug, resembling a grain, found in Mexico, and feeding upon
a prickly plant, a species of Cactus (called the Nopal plant
in Mexico). The dried bodies of the fecundated female insect containing eggs
and
larvae
are
used
in
medicine.
The
insects
are
collected
from
the
branches and leaves of the Cacti, crushed and immersed in
boiling water, spread o'ut and dried ready for use. When
dry they can b;e easily reduced to powder. Dose is 1 to 10
grains. It contains caqnine (the colouring matter) or car-
156
THE INDIAN 'MATERIA MEDICA
minic acid 10 per cent, wax coccerin, fatty matter consisting'

of myrestin, liquid fat an~ fatty acids 18, moisture 6, salts:.
and ash 3 to 5 per cent. The carmine prepared from the insect is a brilliant red powder with a Jaint odour and bitterish
and warm taste; it tinges the saliva violet-red. It is soluble
in water and alcohol, entireiy soluble in ammonia water. It
has acid properties and hence called carmiric acid. It is used
only as a colouring agent, as an adjunct to expectorant mixtures. It possesses sedative and anti-spasmodic properties. It
is useful in whooping cough, neuralgia etc. There are two.
sorts of Cochineal:-Silver and Black. Silver is more valued;
it has a gr~ish red' colour.
46.
COCCUS LACCA
(See:-Cateria Lacca; Tachardia Lacca).
47.
COLUMBIA LIVIA or DOMESTICA
(Eng.-Pigeon. Sans.-Kapota; Hind.-Kobutar. Ben.Payra). See "Animal Flesh" paragraphs for action and uses.
48.
CORALLIUM RUBRUM
See:-Iris nobilis.
Class.-Polypi.
Sans.-Pravala; Vidruma. Eng.-Coral. Ger.-Korallian.

Ital.-Corallo. Fr.-Corail. Arab.-Bussud. Pers.---cMarjau.
Hind.-Parvara; Munga. Duk.--::-Gulli. Mah. & Kon.-Povalay. Guj.-Parvala. Tam.-Pa;alarh; Can.-H~vala. Tij!l.Pagadamu. Mal.-Poalam. Sinh.-Bubalo. Burm.-Ky-ave-khet.
,
Source.-Red sea; Persian and Arabian Gulfs, Me-diterranean sea and Atlantic Ocean.
Characters.-In appearance it is a small shrub in a pen-,
dant or reverse position. It occurs in slender, cylindrical and
generally branched pieces"of brick-ted colour. Coral is made:
,;-" _.
.~
WITH A YURVEDIC, UNANI & HOl\IE REMEDIES
157
up of numerous minute pieces; each piece is minutely and

longitudinally furrowed. In smell it resembles frankincense;
jt easily breaks with crackling sound. In a raw state the stems
.and branches are covered with a cortical substance which is
-the habitation of soft small polypi.
Constituents.-Animal or organic matter 8 p.c., carbonate
-of lime 83 p.c., magnesium carbonate 3.5 p.c., and oxide of
iron 4.5 p.c. The red colour is due tb its containing iron.
Parts used.-The Calcareous shell or skeleton.
Preparation.-Coral is purified by being boiled in a decoction of the three myrobalans and then prepared for medicinal
use by being calcined in covered crucibles and then reduced
to powder. PravaLa Bhasma (Coral ash) is also prepared by
.soaking coral for sometime in lime-juice, then putting it in
fire and calcining and finally reducing it to' a fine powder.
Dose is 5 to 20 grains.
Action.-Antacid, astringent, nervine tonic, laxative and
.diuretic; als() "emetic antiphlegmonous and antibilious"(N. N. Sen Gupta).
Uses.-As a local astringent it is used in the preparation
of tooth-powders. Its chief use is in cough, phthisis, asthma,
low fever, urinary' diseases, spermatorrhoea, gleet and gonorrhoea, carbuncle, scrofulous affections, and as a nervine tonic
i!l headache, giddiness and vertigo. Dose is :3 to 12 grains
twice a day: after meals. It was administered to ccfses of chro_nie bronchitis ahd pulmonary tuberculosis and found usefuI
in both classes of diseases. It is given as an antacid to check
'Vomiting and to cure dyspepsia and bilious headache. Vasanta
Kusumakara Rasa. described in Bhaishajyaratnavali, containing coral and pearl and also prepared gold, tin, iead and iron,
talc and camphor is prepared with a difficult process into &
pilI mass and divided, into 4-grain pills. These are given with
sugar, honey and ghee ~ urinary diseases, impotence, gleet,
diabetes, consumption and general debility. It is also a valu,able alterative tonic in chronic gonorrhoea' and spermatorrhoea,
given in combination with an extract called Kusavaleha which
158
THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA.
is made up of the five' roots of lkshu,

Darba with sugar.
Sara~
Kasa, Kusa aI_ld.'
49. CORVUS SPLENDENS SPLENDENS, Vieill.

(Eng.-Crow. Sans.:-Kaka. Ben.-Kak). Flesh is stomachic, nutritious, cardiac-stimulant and beneficial in ulcer"
phthisis and eye diseases;
50. CROCQDILU5) POROSUS, Schneid.

(Eng.-Crocodlle.
Sans.-Kumbhira.
Ben.-Kurnir).
Flesh is demulcent and refrigerant; beneficial in vitiated bile~
51. CROCOPUS PHOENICOPTERUS, Lath.

(Eng.-Green dove. Sans.-Harita. Hind.-Harial. Benr
-Hathela-Ghugu).
Flesh is astringent, refrigerant, easily
digestible; produces 'vayu' and alleviate's thirst and epistaxis"
52. CYPRAEA MONETA, Linn.

(Eng.-Porcel9-neous shells; Cowry; Marina shell. Sans.Varatika; Varataka. Arab.-Sadaf. Pers.-Khar-mahra. Hind.
-Cowrie;
Sipi.
Ben.-Beya. Guj.-Codi. Tam. Mah.
Kon. & Can.-Kavdi. Ttel.-Gavalu. Sinh.-Pingo) is the
name given to small, convolute glossy shells of variegated'
colours, of oblong oval shape varying in size from a tamarind
seed to an almond. The upper. face is smooth, shining and
convex. Base is compressed with a cleft in the centre which
runs longitudinally. The margin of the cleft I;; serrated on
one side and depressed on the other. Three varieties of CQW.ries, white, red and yellow, are used in medicine. Ancient
Hindu alchemists preferrea shells which were of yellow colour,
knotty and possessed of circular lines on the dorsal side. The
fresh shells consist of a cellular gelatinous tissue filled with
calcareous matter (earthy salts). They are insoluble in water,.
159-
soluble in hydrochloric acid with effervescence. They contain

phosphate, flouride and carbonate of calcium, magnesium phosphate, mang~nese and sodium chloride. The. cowries are first
purified by bein~ soaked or macer~ted for 3 hours, in limejuice or rice conjee (sour gruel) and then calcined in covered
crucibles;, the process is repeated 10 or 12 times. Another'
method of purifying cowries, as given in "Rasendrasarasangraha" is:-Dig a hole In the ground and fill it partly with the
husk of paday; now' place on it a crucible containing cowries;
cover it with cowdung cakes and set fire to the mass. By this.
process the cowries are teduced to ashes. It is the lime thus.
obtained which is ofte:p. used in medicine.
Cowri bhasma
(shell-ash) is pungently bitter, also alterative and expectorant.,
It is recommended in dyspepsia, jaundice, enlarged s9leen and
liver, asthma and cough. The ash is given internally ~n scalding and gonorrhoea. Dose is 5 to 10 grains. It is externally'
used as caustic as various forms of ointments. Shula Gaja
Kesari is a compound pill made of purified shell, mercury,
borax, rock-salt, asafoetida and carui seeds all in equal parts,
mixed and reduced to a pill-mass with the aid of the juice of
betel leaves. Dose is 3 to 5 grains, useful in colic and other'
Pl!ins in the intestines.
53.
CYPRINUS ROHITA
This
is
the
bile
of
the
'rohitaka'
fish;'
it is
used
either
singly
or
in
combination
with the bile of buffalo, wild boar, goat and peacock, under the name of Pancha pitta or the five biles. Bile
is laxative and is chiefly used iIi soaking powders intended
for being made into pill masses. Udakamanjari Rasa described in Rasapradipa containing bile of rohitaka fish, is given_
with ginger juice in recent bilious remittent fever. If thereis much heat of head, cold water should be applied to it.
54.. DAC.TYLOPIUS COCCUS

See:-Coccus cocti.
.160
55. ELEPHAS INDICAS & ELEPHA8 AFRICANUS;

ELEPHAS MAXIMUS
l
(Sans. & Kon.-Hasti. Eng.-Elephant.. lfind. Mah.

Duk. & Guj.-Hathhi. Ben.-Hati. TeL. Tam. Mal. & Can.Aanay) is a large-sized anImal belonging to the class of Proboscidea; it is common in India, Burma and Africa. The teeth
or tusks of this animal are the parts used in medicine. The
ashes or powder of the teeth (Eng.-Ivor~. Arab ..,-Sin-ul-fel.
Sans.-Hastidanta. Hind.-Hathidant. Sinh.-GaUah. Burm.Hsen. Pers.-Dandan-i-fe1. Mah. & Kon.-Hastantra) is prepared in the same way as Sambarsinga bhasma. ~Dose is 5 to
15 grains. It is used a~ astringent in leucorrhoea; also given
in jaundice and to remove sterility in fema.les. Paste made
of the nails of the elephant 2 parts, .copper sulphate 1 part and
saffron 3 'j?a:J;ts, in milk. is appfied' in conjunctivitis.
56. ELEPHAS MAXIMUS

See:-Elephas indicas
57.
EQUUS ASINUS, Linn.
(Eng.-Ass. Sans....,.,.-Gardqbha . , Hind::-Gaddha.)

LACTUS.
See:- -
58. EQUUS CABALLUS, Linn.

(Eng.-Horse. Sans.-Ashva). 'l,VIilk is stimulant a.nd demulcent. Urine is bitter, stiml}lant, stomachic and purgative.. Urine is beneficial in ringworm and intestipal worms.
59.
EUDYNA.MIS SCOLOPACEUS, Linn. -
(Eng.-Cuckoo; the Koel. Sans.-Kokila. Hind.-Koil.

Ben.-Kokil). Flesh is phlegmatic and antibilious.
WITH AYURVEDIC, IUNANI & HOME REMEDIES
161
60. FEL BOVIS

\
(Eng.-Fresh ox gall. Arab.-Safraul-bagaz. Pers.~

,Zabrahe-gaw. Hind.-Bail-ka-sofra. Dnk.-Bail-ka-pit), is
fresh ox-gall secreted by the liver and collected in the gallbladder; it is a dark or yellowish green viscid liquid of a peculiar unpleasant pdOUli 'and bitterish taste.
It is neutral or
faintly lalkaliJ;le in rea~tion, spluble ,in water and alcdhol.
61. FEL BOYINUM

PURIFCA:rUM
or Fe} Tauri
"
"
"
,"
, I
Depuratus
(Eng.-Purified ox-gall or ox-bile. Sans.-Gorochanam.
,Arab.-Hajr-ul-bahr.
Pers.-Pad-Zehare-Havani.
Hind.Zehar-mohra. Duk: M.ah. }Con. & Gan.-Gorochana. Guj.
_Guruchandan. Tam.-Gorojanai. Tel.-Gorojanam. Sinh.
-Visagul. BiLrm.---.:Gdyazin) is prepared by evaporating oxgall tb one-th'ird, adding alcohol, filtering, distilling off and
evaporating 'until it acquires: a suitable consistence for making
pill~. Gorochanam is'lignt' and' can be easily broken between
the fingers. It, 'is laxative, anti-spasmodic', cholagogue, cooling
and aromatic. 'It is' speciall:y indicated: in measles and smallpox, to redUCe excessive )leat in the body; also in whooping
.cough an:d watery stools and choleraic symptoms. It is used
in C()]:lvuls16ris, hysteria, spasmodic' diseases, melancholia and
intestiriru disorders with deficient 'secretion of bile, in jaundice,
etc., and in 'abortion. :It is 'given to Infants !for 'stopping green
sitool:, and (ill' small doses) as a laxative. The usual adult
dose is from 5 10 10 grains~ It enters 'into the composition
of some 'medicines used for skin diseases.
62.
(Eng.-Tiger).
matism.
11
FELIS TIGRIS" Linn.

Tig$r's fat is, :used in leprosy" and rheu-
162
62(a).
~EL
TAURI DEPURATUS
See:-Fel bovinum purificatum.
63. FRANCQLiNUS PONDICERIANUS, Gmel.

(Eng.-Grey Partridge. Sans.-Tittiri. Ben.-Titir. Tam~
-Toluk-peHa). See "Animal Flesh" Section, for action and
uses.
64. GALLUS BANKIVA

Denotes wild form of the genus; & var.
65.
GALLUS DOMESTICUS
Is a domestic cock and hen. The Jndian. domesticated gamecock is known as Gallus pugnex = Gallus pusillus o,f Linnaeus. See:-Phasianus;-(Sans. & Ben.-Di,ffiQa)., The part,
used, in medicine is the egg pf it (Sans. Hi'ft,!j.. & Ben.-Anda.
Arab.:-Baiza., Guj.-Bed1,ln., Mah.. & K;on.-Kavta. Can &.
Tam.-Mott~y. T~l.,..,-G<J.dda), The white is the Ovt album~n,.
often called also Albumin:-the liquid album~n of egg; (other
varieties are called, ,after thei:t: sources or characteristicreactions) ,as acid-albumi~; alkali-albumin; ffiuscle-an~umin;:
serum-albumin; ovum-albumin; vegetable-albumin etc. :t'fprmal albumin is the, type of a group of proteids known as albu,mins). It, contains albumen 15 to 18 p.c., a little muc1,lS, fat,
sugar, extractive matter, lecithin, ash consistin~ of alkalille
salts and water 82 to 85 p.c., ',I'h~ albqmen ,is distinguished
from albumen of the serum of bloQdj by being,_,coagulated by
ether. In weight it is about 5 drachms in one egg. The yolk
or Ovi vitellus is a ",dense viscid, yellow or reddish-yellow
opaque alkaline liquid. It consists of water 50 p.c., -vitelline
16 p.c., inorganic, salts 1.5 p.c., oil globules, fat 30 p.c., sulphur
and phosphorus contained in a sac or bag. Agitated with water
it forms a milky emulsion. It is coagulated by heat and by
alcohol. Action:-Eggu is emol}ient, demulcent" laxative &
163
nutritious. The egg shell or Ovi Testa is a white hard fragile calcareous substance composed of carbonate of lime, phosphate of lime and traces of sulphur and iron, some organic
matter 1 to' 5 p;c. and salts as the chlorides, iodides, sulphates
and phosphates of potassium, calcium and magnesium. Th~
oil known as the yellow oil is prepared by boiling the egg
hard, removing the yolk and acting on this by hot Movara
spirit or brandy. The' oil globules separate and dissolve in
the hot spirit; this is used as an embrocation. The ashes are
prepared by indnerating the shell. Glyceritum Vitelli or glycerine of yolk is a dietetic 'preparation containing the yolk
of egg 45 'p.c., and glycerine 55 p.c. Mistura Spiritus Vini
Gallici is another preparation: made up of yoU~- of 2 eggs;
brandy 4 ounces, Cinilamon water 4 ounces and refined sugalZ
4 drachms. Bose 'of' 'this inixture is' 1 to 2 ounces. Egg Wine
prepared by beating up o'rie egg with a tablespoonful of cold
water and a mixture of a glass' of sherry' and half a. glass of
water previously heated together, (not boiling) poured over
this and stirred all the time, then sweeten:ed with white sugar
and a little grated nutmeg to taste and taken with toast or
biscuits, twice daily is more digestive and nourishing t6 invalids. Egg syrup is prepared by beating 1 lb. of eggs with
lIb: of water and then straining it through a cloth and then
beating it to a froth and then adding Ii lbs. of powdered sugar
and 20 drops of orange,-blossom water. When used it -is mixed
with 10 times its volume of water. 'Egg is a complete food;
it contains all the elements required by the blood. Eggs
covered with boiling water and allowed to stand for 5 minutes
are more nourishing lind digestive than eggs' placed in boiling
'l.Vat2r and allowea to boil f'l.irioHsly for 3t minutes. Eating a
hard-boiled egg when angry produces the same effect as eating
a toadstool according to Dr. Hilton Ira Jones., a noted chemist
and psychologist. "The poison in toadstools is a chemical substance called muscarine,i. Dr. JoneS says:-"The greater part
of an egg is composed' of cdlin, a harmless substance. When a
person is angered, the aci~ity of the stomach is increased, oxi-
dismg the colin. When oxidised the colin of the egg becomes
muscarine, the poison in toadstools. That is why the effect is
the same." One of the oddest food cures. recently advanced is
I'
164
that of medicated eggE. Hens are fed on wheat mixed with

a salt of iron. The eggs ,they lay three or foul' days later are
l'ich in iron already digested, so that even the most delicate
patient can take it. The\ Albumin i.e. white of .egg is useful
in cases of poisoning by corrosive sublimate perchloride of
mercury" soluble ~alts of lead, copper, zinc, c:r;eosole etc. In
poisoning by other acrid metallic salts it acts mechanically by
enveloping the poisonous particles and also coating the mu_cous
membranes of the stomach and intestines. Mixed with hot
brandy and alum its paste is used as an: emprocation or lep
(plaster) in erysipelas. The, yolk of egg is demulcent, more
nutritious than the 'white and in. large doses; laxative. The
giving of egg-yolk to infants above the age of tWo months is CI.
preventive against rickets. Yolk of egg is' an extremely useful foqd for anaemic persons. LocaLly with lime 91' mixed with
nitrate or oxide of mercury, it is used as a Zep and a!JP1i~d to
plague and other bubOs. and to bQil to promote s.uppuration.
As a restorative, mixed with brandy it is given internally to
the weak and anaemic; also to the dyspeptics.. It is used fOli
emulsifying oils, oleo-resins and resi~. The ash is antacid and
styptic and used as a powder: in) gravel and in; cases \)f cancer.
66. TUR6INELI..i\ RAPA; or ~ANCHUS PY:RUM;

or GATRQPOl)A (Mon{lv~ve or Uni.valve s4eU-a Gro;up of .SheH Fishes)
(Class:-Mollusca) .
Sans.
Bom.-Shankha. Eng.-Conch; Gonch-shell.,

G'l!-j. ,Mah. Kon. & Can.:-Sha.p.kqa. Tam.:Sanka; Sangu. Tel.-Sehkham, Ben.-Sa.p.kh.
&
Duk~Sukk..
Source.-Indian Oceah coasts.

Gharacters.-A porcelaneous shell of an oblong or conicql
{onn. The oblong form is bulged in the middle and-tap~:ring
at each end. The conical variety is. peculiar. :The U!Jper portion is like <;orkscrew t twisted and tapering' at th~ en:d. The
base is broad. The interior is hollow. T~e surface. is. hard,
of a dull white colour.J The upper $urfaGe is highly tuberclJ.-
WITH A YURVEDIC; UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
165
l1:1ted, the under surface shining, very brittle and translucent.

Action.-Anodyne, carminative, digestive and ~stringent.
Flesh is demulcent, cardiac stimulant, nutritious & phlegmatic.
Preparations & Uses.-Shankha bhasma or conch shell ash
(silicate of magnesia) is prepilred by soaking the shell in lime
juice and calcining in covered crucibles ten to twelve ti~es,
and finally reducing it to powder (ash). It is anodyne, carminative, digestive and astringent. Dose is 2 to 6 grains; used
for ear-ache, ulcers and for eye-troubles and internally for
dysentery, gonorrhoea, colic)_ dyspepsia and jaundice; with
whey it is taken in tympanitis, flatulence, colic etc. A compound pill called Shankhavati contains Shankha bhasma 40,
tamarind seed ash 20, the five salts (pancha lavana) 4, asafoet:da, ammonium chloride, pepper, carui, caraway, ginger, longpepper each 4 parts, purified mercury and aconite each 2 parts,
mixed together and the whole triturated in the juice of lemons
and made into a pill-m:ass. Dose is 3 to 5 grains. Shankhavati
is used in dyspepsia and acid urine as also in irritability of the
intestines as in diarrhoea, chronic dysentery etc. A mixture
c Shankha bhasma 5, aconite 2 and black pepper 9 parts made
into two-grain pills is useful in loss of appetite, dyspepsia and indigestion. A compound powder made
up df Shankha bhasma 5, bonduc seed 4, asafoetida 3, trikatu
and rock salt 4 each parts,.mixed and powdered is used in the
colicy pain in the abdomen. Another compound powder
containing equal parts of Shankha bhasma, Ficus religiosa,
borax and aconite is -used in catarrh, sore-thoat, cough,
asthma etc. Dose is two grains. Kaphaketu Rasa (see "Sodii
Biboras") containing conch-shell lime is also useful in these
cases, and also in discharges' from ears, nose etc. In all sorts
of Kaphaja type of fever it is used as an expectoraht, a resOlvent of the phlegm arid febrifuge. Flesh is useful in phthisis
and abdominal tumours.
67.
GECKO VERTICILLATUS\ Laur .
Eng.-A kind of, lizard. Sans.-Musali; Ben.-Takshakha. Hind;'--Chipkuli. Tam.-Paillie. Used in leprosy.
r
THE lNDIAN MATERIA. MEDICA
166
68. HALCYON SMYRNENSIS SMYRNENSIS, Lhll1.

(Eng.-Kingfisher, Kilkila. Ben.-Macch-ranga). Flesh is
refrigerant and demulcent. Useful in epistaxis and produces
,
"vayu".
69.
HALICORE DUGON,G-ERXLEBEN
& H. australis.
(Eng.-Dugong oil or Oil of Sen

stitute for cod-liver oil.
Ho~).
This oil is a sub-
70. HELDt' ASPER.A

(Bom. & Guj;-l\l"akhala) is a fresh water Mollu:;;k, The
shell is of dark-brown colour and mad~ of numerous plates
placed one upon another, just as in bivalve shells. It i$ hard,
bony and opaque, concave ,on its qpder-supf.ace where the, rpollusk rEsides; the ,other s.urface is convex. 01), this surface the
layers are most, distinctly marked. The shell is used in ihe
form of a paste, as a,.pedume and in the.preparation of v~riov.s
medicated ,oils.. .It is an ing;re9.ient of Dh'H,p~la tela. As, a hair
cosmetic it is. highly recommended.
n.
HEMIPTERA
(Eng.-A group of winged ins,ects.

P~rs.-Shaker
e-tigala.
Hind_.-Shakara tagara)
occur.s as
irregular
gall-like piece;> of a dirty,. :vhite colour an~ oblon&
or pval or sometimes of irregular .shape. It. is hollow within
and generally contains a dead beetle or ::rqp<i pf an oval shape
and black colour. It tastes like starch and after chewing it
leaves an acrid sensation in the mouth. 1t is an antispasmodic
and useful in hysteria, gout, renal diseases, dropsy, gonorrhoea
and, jaundice. It is generally used by Mahomedan Hakims.
A compound powder consisting of it and ,almonds, pistachio,
babul gum, bark of MimusopS! elengi and dry ginger all in
167
equal parts, powdered finely and mixed. together, is used in

old chronic coughs. Dose is grains 5 to 10; tW() or three times
;2 day.
72.
HIRUDINARIA. (PQECILOBDELLA)
GRANULOSA, Savigny.
(Eng.~lVIedicinal
leech.)
73. HIRUDO MEDICINALIS
(Class.-Annelida) .
Sans.-Jaluka. Eng ..:.......:Speckled L~ech. Arab.-Aluk.
Pers.-Zaloka. Hind. Ben. Duk. & PunJ;-Jonk. Kash.Drik. Guj.-J'alo. Mah. & Kon.-Jahi. T.dm.~Attei. Tel.-Attalu; J elagalu. Can.-Jiganl. Mal.-Attah. Burm.-Himyau; lVIeiyon. Sinh.-Kudallu; Pudal.
Source.-Leeches are found in a clear shallow or deep
pool of water containing water lilies and othet ,"quatic sweet
smelling plants. They are colle.cted on a piecE! of Calico containing some red. clay;. wl}.E;:p. leeches are requir~d to be preserved, for some !lays the ro?ts of water lilies are given them. as
food.
Chara.cters.-Leeches are of both aqliati"c and terrestrial
habits. Small and middle sized leeches 'are bhe- best for medicinal use. They are black, or ot- art biive colour, marked with
6 longtitudinal stripes. The body is elongated 2 or 3 inches
long and tapering at each end. It is conveit and wrinkled
transversely. Thet'e 'are other varieties of leeches," some of
which are venomous and these are found near ,putrid fish or
animals, in foul, stagnatJ,t 'and putrescent wate'1'; Such leeches
rire consequently to be avoided.
Action & Uses;-Antiphlogi!Stic, used for the local abstraction of blo<;>d; also anticoagulant. Depletion by leeches is analogous to the abstraction 'of blood py venesec.tion, by lancing
or by moist cupping. The :q~antity of ploocl drawn off b:y
168
each Indian leech is about .1 to H drachm. The antiphlogistic

action is $low. They malfe a limited or gradual l.ocal impression. They are used in *cute inflammation of the glands, as
the mammae, parotid etc'i also in incipient abscesses, boils, in
bruises, sprains and blows, in inflammations of the serous
membranes and in inflafnmaiion affecting ,ihe skin or bones.
This is generally followed by hot fomentations to relieve the
pain and the inflammation. Obstinate vomiting may occasionally be checked by a few leeches to the pit of the stomach
after ordinary means have faile'd. In violent headache leeches:
are applied to the temples with benefit. In fevers with severe
headache they are applied but only in the early stages of the
disease; they are appHed at the nape of the neck if relief is
not obtained, by applying to the temples. In severe pain in
the chest or abd_omen occurring during fever 8 to 10 leeches
applied immediat~ly over the seat of pain qften afford manifest relief. In severe ,headache or. fulness of head depending
upon the stoppage of a discharge of blood from piles, leeches
close to the anus frequently afford great relief, but care. is
necessary lest they creep' up into the rectum. When the headache depends upon the' sudd'en stoppage of the menstrual discharge the leeches should be 'applied to the inner part of the
thighs. In acute dysentery a few leeches (6 to 9) to' the yerge
of the anus are often serviceable in relieving the pain ahd strain
ing at stool. The same measure is also useful in congestion
of the liver, when p~~ced over the, region of the liver, and, preferably at the verge of the anus. When leeches are scarce and
it is intended to abstract more blood, the leeches may be punctured with a needle just near the tail, while still .suckin,g or
when nearly gorged with blood, when the blood is drained out
of their body' and they begin to ..s,u,ck ag~in.
.0(
To stop the bleedil;lg, continuing after the :removal of the

leeches, various haemostatics are used, such as 'bu;rnt cotton,
desiccated a1um, copper sulphate, tannin, turmeric, "burnt rags,
cobweb; scraped lint etc! Pressure with the finger over the
bite' may be usefull In obstinate cases solution of the\'perchloride of iron is used' with. benefit Even a very fine' point of
caustic nitrate of silver is inserted into the wound with benefit.
WITH AYURVEDIC,. UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
169-
'Touching the bite with the point of a red hot needle or c;lpplying a ligature or pressure by linff and bandage has also
been tried with success.
Precautions.-To make a 'leech bite' on a particular spot
cut a small hole in a piece, of paper, lay this ovel' the spo! and
apply the leech over the spot which should be previously
cleansed and smeared over with cream or sugared milk or the
skin scratched so that a little' blood oozes but. To fadlitllte
the action of leeches or to promote the bleeding from
leech bites. the affect~d part should be. thoroughly washed
ot' cleaned wit_h,hot water . .In some cases l?oultic~s or fomentations should be applied to stimulate the skin. Leeches should
not be applied immediately over a large prominent vein, ')'tor
to the eye lids ?lor to the bosom of a woman, especially during
pregna')'tcy, nor t9 the loqs,z skin of the eyelids, mammae, penig
or scrotum as the bites ,in these situations are apt to he followed by infiltratiqn or inflammation. Great caution is necessary
in appJying leeches to young children as they bLeed much more
freely than adult~; they should,. when practicable be appliea
where (J. bone is near the surface, so that in case of excessive
Generally one
bl.eeding pressure may be made against it.
leech is sufficient for every two years of the patient's age up
to adult life, or six is theJimit for ordinary cases; even upto
adolescence; for appLication, mo:rning is the best time.
It
should not be put on in the ev,ening, lest there be serious consequences from haemorrhage ,rrLd want of proper attendance.
Applications.-If the leeches do not fix quickly apply a
drop or two of milk or blood to the part. Some apply clay
to the part, others prick it with a fine nedle to make the skin
hesmeared with blood, which will induce them to fix them'selves more readiiy. When the leeches are sucking, sprinkle
a few drops of water upon their bodies, When the leeches are
to be removed, sprinkle a sman quantity of salt upon: their
bead to make them drop off. After their removal the part
upon which the leeches have been is to be smeared with honey,
cold water and: astringerif substances. If the bleeding continues the abovementioned measures are to be adopted.
Ii
after their removal it is necessary' to abstract more blood, poul-
"170
tices of bran or bread or varalians, of Nirgundi leaves or of

N eem leaves may be appl~ed.
'14..
IRIS NOBILIS
See Corallium Rubrum.
'75. K_OUMISS or KUMYSS or KUMISS (Fermented Milk)

Cerevesia Lactis
Is a fermented liquor obtained from cow's, mare's or' camel's
milk. It is prepared 'by adding sugar of milk W ,fresh milk in
an open vessel and beating it till it ferments or by adding
some acid to fresh milk to as'sist lactic acid fermentation. During fermentafion caselne and butter are skimmed off and the
fermented whey is collected. It contains 1 to 3 per cent of
alcohol, sugar, lactic acid, salts, carbonic acid and ether. Dose
is 2 to 4 ounces. Kumyss is a dietetic, nourishing and restorative agent~ given in diabetes, in irritability of the stomach and
in obstinate vomiting: For process of Artificial Koumiss,
refer Extra PharmacopoeIa.
76.
LA,C<";A
See:._,,_,.Cateria Lacca; Coccus Lacca.

77. LACERTA AGILIS (Agama Agilis)
belonging to Reptilia (Eng.-Sa~d Lizard. Pers.-Rege mahi.
Guj.-Sarado. Bom."-Ghilodi) i~ a species of a sand fish with
thorny spines. It has a head ~nd four legs; when dry the
skeletons appear more like a fish without head ,pnd: legs. It is
of a light brown colour, about six inches in length with darki~h brown reticulations on its back. It is usecl".in the form of
,ash or bhasm.a in dos~s of 5 to 8 grains as a nervine.- topic, Sti-i
mulant and aphrodisiac' in gEn~ral debility, spermatorrhoea,
.and seminal weakness. It is u~ed by Unani physicians with
the yolk of eggs.
171
78. LACERTA VIV.IPARA
Enf!.-Lizard.
Action.-Flesh is tonic, stimulant, alteratiy~.
Uses.-Flesh is 'useq in s~'philis. Oil is aphrodisiac.
79.
I,.A<:;TUS
Sans.-Dugdha; Ksheera. Eng.-Milk. Arab.-Halib .

.Pers.-Sher: Hind. Guj. Mah. & Kon.-Dudh.
Tam. &
T<el.-Pa:lli. Mal.-'-Musu; Pala., Can.-Haalu. Sinh.-Ella
-errie.
Source.-Mammary glands of females, cows, she-goats,
ewes, she-?sses, mares etc.
Characters.-Cow'~ ronk ~.& an opa,gue, white or yellowishwhite, emulsive~ faintiy. alk~line fluid, a httle IDore yiscQus.
than water; taste. is sweet and bland, odour taint and pecu1iar;
kept for ,~ long time it ferments. Specific gravity is between
1.027 t9 1.03.4! and the milk with .a higher 'fat ,content having
a lower specific ,gravity. lJnder the misc1;oscope, numerous
minute fat globuh~s, are seen floating in the form of an emulsion, w~ch on standing for some hours settles out producing
the familiar phenomenon known as creaming, i.e., a scum,
rorms on the surface in tne form of cream, which when churned; separates into butter and butter-milk. rhe yellowish
white. colour of the milk is due to the suspended fat globules.:
On standing, the milk settles! out into 3 layers. The layer at
the bottom of the vessel contains bacteria, cells a.TJ.d .dirt~ That
at the middle contains milk. plasma, and a small amount of fat;
the layer at the'top ,contain:> fat ox cre?ih and ,a c.onsiderable
numhei:: of bacteria.. which are carried tIP b~ipgt ClttCJ,!!h.~d to fat
globules., This,s.ettling '0 milk .enables one to isolatE:! the, butterfat and to control the' amount ,of fat the, milk shall contain. Raw
-rriilk becomes ,spoiled after 10-12 hours; after which it is ~ndi-
-gestible' and harmful and dcts as poison; to ,the: sysbem. Such
milk should ,be avoided. _l
Constituehts.-Milk contains all the, elements necessary
for the growth arid hutrition of bones, nerves, muscles and
t
172
THE INDIAN MATERIA. MEDICA.
other tissues. Milk contalus also vItamins which are Nature's

antidotes to rickets, scurvy and other results of defective
nutrition. The constituents of milk vary according to the animal and the kind of food it 'takes. Cow's miLk contains on an
average albuminoids (caseIn) 4, fat (butter) 4, sugar- (milksugar) 5, various salts etc., 1, and water 86 per cent. It contains a large proportion of Calcium J;>hosphate, an important
salt required for the formation of bone and also for the proper coagulibility of the blood. 'The other mineral constituents
of Cow's: milk are potassium and magnesium phospha,tes.- ,S9ditifn chloride and a trace of phosphate of iron. The inorganic
constituents of milk are gases as carbon dioxide, nitrogen and
C'xygen ill solution, and min~ral salts as compounds of calcium,
potassium, sodium, phosphorus, iron sulphur and chlorine.
The first four are present in slightly higher amounts than necessary to combine with sulphur, phosphorus and chlorine available, the excess being principally calcium which is combined
with casein as calcium caseinate. The composi.tion of milk.
especially the fat and to some extent the protein content)~ varies from time to time. Buttermilk IS composed of water 91%,
fat 0.5%, sugar 4%, lactic acid 0.5%, protein 3.5% and ash
0.7.% Whey is compo'sed -of water 93%, fat 0;32% to 0'.36%,
lactose 4.9 to 5.4% protein 0.84% to 1.0%, and ash 0.4'9,% to
0.6%.
Cow's milk contains a: ,little moTe' salts and fat and much
less sugar thah the breast, milk. Still, the protein content of
the cow's milk is much less efficient than that of breast milk.
Cow's milk consists ot fat globules, and bacteria, cells and partides of foreign matter suspended in 'a' flUid, 'i.e. milk plasma.
in: large numbers. Though secreted from the alveoli in a
sterile condition, bacteria are introduced into th~,milk through
the milk duct from the teats, from bits_ of manure and dust
flying in the' stable, froni the milker's hands br from saliva
droplets. The ba:cteri~l content of the milk is the'best single
index of the cleanliness with which the, milk is handled and
scrupulous care should be taken to keep it at the lowest 'by
milking healthy cows, kept in cleCln surroundings, employing
bealthy milkers with cle~n hands ~nd using clean,.' well-scalded
173
receptacles. The milk so obtained should be chilled .as soon

possible after milking.
In cow's milk the protein is present in the form of casein
in combination with calcium and is in the form of colloidal
particles which can be seen with the ultra-miscroscope. The
other protein constituents are lactalbumin and lactoglobulin.
A comparison of the breast and cow's milk proteins:-The
proteins are. made up of various combinations of aminoacids,
of which about 20 have been identified. In the breaking up
of proteins into amino-acids, there are several stages, viz:.Proteins-albumoses---'-polypeptides-peplides.,--amino-a c i d s~
Of the -amino-adds about four are essential 'in ~ child's diet.
These are tryptgphane, lysine, crystine and .hystidine. The
value of a protein depends upon the number- and proportion of
amino-acids that go into its make up and! its ability to be
digested and absorbed.
~s
Lactalbumin contains 4.08 per cent of cystine while casein

contains only 0.26 per cent. So the greater iactalbumin content of the breast milk makes' it more vruuable than the COWlS
milk. Hence it is that breast-milk protein is more adaptable
for the infant tt-an the cow's milk protein. However, cow's
milk protein is the next best .and to supply an adequate amount
of prQtein, a iarger quantity, hearly double the amount of
cow's milk should be' given to infants. The following table
\>Jill prove th~ relative 'value of the' last two in relation to
breast-mllk; and that Indian COWlS' milk approaches more nearly il;r' composition to the breast-milk. Coniposition of milks,
per 100 parts:Breast
Comp::ments:
Cow's Buffalo's
Milk
Milk
Milk
Salts
Fat
Solids { Not fat
(\f these Casein
Lactalbumin.
prot~ins
Sugar
Total solids
W.ater
3.0
0.5
3.5
8.0
004.
.1.1
8'.\:)
2.8
0.7
:6.5
4.5
11.1
88.9
12.0
88.0
0,1
0.7
6.0
10.5
I~'
17.2
82.8
174
Percentage composition of European mother's and European cow's milks:European Mother

European Cow.
Protein
1.5
3.0
Fat
3.5
Sugar
3.5
4.5
6.5
"Ordinarily, the amount. of protein in European cow's milk..

is double that of European mother; the fat content is the same
in both and the sugar content .is a little less in the cow's milk.1>
Hence .it .is that the. European medical man ad\dses that the
the cow's milk should be diluted with an equal volume of
water an equal volume of water and that the fat and sugar
deficiency in such. a mixture should he made good by the addition of one teaspoonful of cream to every three ounces of the
prepared milk. This is,the 'humanised milk' of every Euro.,.
pean Text-Book. If this advice is followed in the case' of
Indian children using Indian cow's milk, then the child so fed
will be virtually sllffering from a deficiency of. not only proteins, fat and. carbohyp.rates but also. the essen#al vitaD;lins:
and salts.
Factors influencing the Composition of Milk:-
1. Differences in breed and in, i'(l,dividttals of the same

breed: l'he average of some br~e4s is, as a, rule low. Jersey
milk. contains 5% of fat. In some di;;tricts and. those bred in the
Agricultural College (Coimbatore) Cow-breeding Station produce higher quality milk than those bred el,sewhere. Cows
:met with in Madras City, though they appear tall an4 ;;tout
and yield a large quantity of milk, the milk is of a very poor
quality.
2. Difference in the same ani~L:-Morning milk contains more fat than the evening milk. Stripp'i'llgs are richer
in fat content than the fore milk.
3. Changes in the composition during Zactatioil::-
During the first 3 weeks, the colostrum contains a hIgher. percentage of fat and ash. From the 3rd to the 6th week, it
decreases and remains constant until the last two months before
going dry. During the)ast two .months, with a gJ:adually det
_.-.'
WITH AYURVEDIC, 'UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
1750
creasing quantity, proteins rise markedly, fats increaSe SOmewhat, sugar dedines, and ash, rises. Gestation is apt to shorten the period of lactation.
4. Ampunt and character of f09d:-Abundant, wellbalanced diet is essential to maximum milk production. Moremilk with higher fat content js produced on a high fat' di~t.
5. Richness' of the pasteumge:-The quality of' the pasteurage is reflected in the richness and body-building prop~r
ties of the milk.
6. Cows aiiowed to graze 'in the open air and. in sun-light
yield more and. better quality milk than those confined to the
backyard of the house.
7. $kiU of the milker :~As the cow 'has partial voluntary
control over' the sphincters of the lactiferous sinuses, unless:
this is relaxed she iliay hold l;>ack part of the milk. Only a
skilled milker can be able to relax the cow and get the 'richer
strippi,ngs higher up in the udder.
As the cpmpositioll of the same cow's milk varies from
time to tjroe, to ensure an uniform supply, it is better to use
mixed herd milk obtained from a number of cows, while feeding milk to infants, The mixed herd milk is often of the'
sa'l'ilo2 compositiOJ1'
~
Buffalo's milk is richer than the cow's milk and yields'
more butter. Ass's milk contains less of salts and fat and
more of sugar. Human milk contrups more of fat and less of
salts. It contains all the necessary !elem,ents for the t~nder
baby and nothing more or less. Not a single specimen of arttificial food is a substitute for. motlter':s milk. The food. constituents of goat's milk contain excess of calcium and vary
only a litHe, from. that of human milk., Then comes the ass's
milk; then comes the cQw's milk which differs much more from
human milk.
PTl2parations or Milk Products:-Where cow's milk of reliable and standard quality is not available especially in cities,
products prepared from fresh cow's milk are :used, such as
powdered milk; evaporated milk; condensed milk; lactic acid
17~
milk; peptonised milk; butter-milk; and whey. 'Of these the

.last four are used only in feeding invalid, small, weak or prelLature children. This is especially so in the case of cheese,
protein-milk, lactic-acid-milk and whey during the preparing
of whi::!h only pasteurised-milk should be used. Cream (Sans.
:Santanika), butter (Navanita), skimmed milk. butter-milk
(Takra) , Curd or curdled milk '(Dadhi) , Whey (Mastu) ,
Cheese" Ohee (Ghrita) and Milk 'sugar or Saccharum lactis
-containing jLact,bse. .p(Lsteurised rnilk is. absolutely safe ana
conserves the vitamins which boiling destroys.
Coni:lensed
milk is sweetened fresh milk) i.e., milk to which 15 to 17 per
,cent of cane-sugar and an alkali is, added to fresh cow',s milk
and concentrated to 'half its volume by evapqrating it i,n a
vacuum till it becomes dark and all the useiess ~ater of the milk
,J-,pvtng gone off in steam. Sugar is added as a preservative so
as 'to do away with. the need of sterilization. Oil being i'e'liquified, it becomes equal to wbole milk plus 15 to 17 per
-cent cane-sugar; vitamin content is' destroyed .in toto; protein content is minimal. As it contains a high carboh1ldrate
and a low protein content, it is not suitable for healt}~y 1'wrmal
infants.
Premature babies and babies with 10w~r weight
-than nOl:inal, thrIve well on it. ~ac;tose i,s the carbohydrate
content of miik. When reduced to a fine powder, mllk is
,
"
I
,
known as Powdered milk or desiccated milk or L(LCtogen
which is obtained by removing all the water-content from the
milk. The drying is done so Instantaneously and carefully
that the vital propertie~ and solid constituents of the milk
remain absolutely intact, though the milk is left as a fine white
powder. It is easily soluble in water, and when dissolved i:n
the proportion of 1 to 7 or 8, it has all the nutritional properties of fresh whole milk, with, the sing'Ular exception of vitamins A & B which are d'esiroyed in the proc;eS's of manufacture. The chief are:-Allenbury's Infant Foods Nos. 1, 2 & 3;
Glaxo; Horlick's Malted Milk; Cow & Gat~ Sta~dard Milk
Food and Half-cream Milk Food.
Merrell Soule Process, California Process, Hot Roller
Process are the various processes by which Powdered Milk is
l)repared.
i'
I
177
(a) Evaporated MiCk is essentially fresh cow's milk that

has been reduced to half its volume by evaporation in vacuO.
It is fluid in consistency a:nd has a characteristic cooked taste.
It forms small curds and on dilution with an equal volume of
water forms a suitable substitute for ,fresh milk. Th:e vitamin
content is destroyed in the process of manufacture.
(b) Lactic Acid Milk is milk boiled in a double boiler to
sterilize it and break it, into \s~all curds. It is allowed to cool.
When ice-cold, 0.4 per cent of lactic acid is added, drop by
drop" slowly ~d with c.ontlnuous stirring;. The casein undergoes changes, cl.ue to the addition of the acid, the curci becoming very finely divlded.~
Lactic acid milk may be prepared by bacterial fermentztion. By the action 'of lactic acid fermenting organisms, the
lactose is fermented by the lactic acid and the milk beeomes
soured. When W 'certain degree of 'acidity is ,reached, the
growth of the organisms is' inhibited and the process of fermentation stops;' :depEnding upon the temperature, from 8-13
hours are Tequired., As it contains lactic acid and as' the
curds are small~ friable and easUy digestible, this: is very useful as 'a'rr infant'lS food. The only objections! to 'its use are its
sour taste and, acid smell. E.g.~Cow & Gate's Lacidac.
(c) .Skimmed Lactic .to/cid Milk is made by using skimmed
milk in the ;I?lace' of fresh. whole milk.
(d) Protein Milk-Though this is not useful in feeding
healthy babies, this is useful for feeding infants suffering', from
dIarrhoea. Its :composition is water 89,%, protein. 3.75% ,and
salts 0.65%. ,Exainple'-=-Cow & Gate's Prolac.
(e) Citratf!d Milk (i.e., cow's milk to which two or thre~
grains of Sodii citras has been added to every ounce) is also
used in infant feeding. Sodii citras throws the casein in the
milk into small easily friable curds, whi~h ,a child is able to
digest wi~hout any difficulty.
(f) Peptonised MUk is intended for feeding invalid infants who cannot digest the usual diet. Example:-,Cow '&
Gate's Peptalac: Composition is: Water 87.9%;. Fat 2.8%; Pro-
:THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
teins 2.4%;' Digested Proteins 1.0%; Lactose 3.9%; Carbohydrates 1.2%; Salts 0.8%
Total 100%. Pzptonised or
predigested milk food is p~epared by heating milk with water'
(2 to 1) to a temperature of. 140F.,. and addirig to it when
cool peptonising powder ~r: Sodium carbonate 10 grains and
Liquor Pancreatis (Liquor Pancreatini-B.P.C.) 2 drachros in
.one pint and boiling the product.
(g) Plasmon is a pure spluhle milk product prepared by

separating Casein of milk and leaving the albumen unaltered~
It is a colourless white powder, containing 92 per cent of
proteids, odourless and tasteless, soluble in soup and milk. In
water the powder swells up to a gelatinous mass which dis"solves as more water is added. It contains albumen, phosphates of ammonium, sodium and potassium and a small
.. quantity of common salt. Cheese is prepared by coagulating
cow's milk by me~ns of rennet- or. an acid or with yeast and
after separation submitting it to pressure. Like albumen it is
~not coagulated by heat but is pre<;ipitated by ?cids. It contains mostly albuminoids (casein), fat, salts, other non-nitro genous matter and water. Cheese.is extremely rich in the
'growth of vitamins and most of the minerals in the original
milk go into, the cheese. Euc.asein is. a casein ammonium
compound. It is milk-casein in a soluble and easily digestible form, prepared solely from the pur~ milk of the cow.
It is a soluble powder containing about 95 per cent of pure
absorbable albumen without any odour or taste. Used as food
'it is highly nutritive. Butter (Hind. Guj. Pers. & Bom.Mackhan; Muska., Mah. & Kon.-Lonee. Tam. & TeLVenney. Can.-Bennay) is a principal fatty matter of the
milk. It is obtained by heating milk and allowil1g it to stand;
butter glob~,I1es rise to the surface ,together with some casein
and serum forming what is caUed cream-butter, The fat globules or butter alone. is separated fro~ casein by churning.
Butter consists of olein 30 per cent, palmltin and' stearin 6S
per cent, glycerides of b4tyric, carponic, caprylic and caprinic
acids 2 per cent. Milk from which cream is separated is
known as skimmed milk. Butter-milk is skimmed lactic acid
milk and is a residue oE casein, serum and a trace of butter
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WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI &, HOME REMEDIES
179
left after the butter is removed by churning. It is called

ButtermiLk because it is a bi-product in the manufacture of
butter. When cream is allowed to sour, the fat-globules, on
being churned, accumulate into one mass of butter, leaving
back the skimmed milk. This is free from fat. Cream (Pers.Qimaq. Hind. Ben. Mah. & Guj.-Malai) is the only part of
milk which is very 11,utritive and agreeable but not easily
digestible. Ghee is clarified butter, obtained by hoiling fresh
butter and removing the impurities which settle down.
Curdled milk (Pers.-Jugrat. Hind. Ben. Mali. Guj. & Kon.Dahee. Can.-Mosru) is prepared by adding some acid, lime
juice or rennet or a little curdled milk as a ferment to milk
previously boiled. In the course of 12 hours the whole of the
milk thus acted upon is changed into a more or less thick,
acidulous, jelly-like mass. ' It cOhtains a large proportion of
nutritious substances. Whey (Hind. & Bom.-Chans) is the
fluid watery portlon of milk left< after the casein or curd (fat)
is separated. When evaporated it yields sugar of milk, one
or two nitrogenous elements, lactic acid and salts. Whey is
prepared' by adding two teaspoonfuls of rennet or a little lime
juice to' It pints of milk heated to 104F, carefully, but
thoroughly breaking up the clot which forms, i.e., allow the
curds to settle, and then filter or strain through muslin. This
supernatent fluid' or filtrate is called Whey. Taste,. if very
sour, dilute by adding water' and enough sugar to taste.
(Allenbury's Torch-Brand Rennet tablets provide a convenient means of preparing whey). Lactose of milk sugar is a
crystalli.sed, greyish white, bdourless, faintly sweet, hard mass,
gritty when chewed, obtained from the whey of milk.
N.B.-Very instructive notes appear in an article entitled
"Artificial Feeding of Infants" by Dr. T:. V. Muthu Swami
Chettiar, L,M.P., in "Medical Dige'it" Special Pediatrics Number, February 1936, of Bombay, and if any mor:e information
seems necessary it can be read from the following headings:(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Choice of a milk product.

Bottle Feeding.
Additions to the child's diet.
Invalid Foods.
180
THE INDIAN MATE,RJA MEDICA
Action.-Milk is generally .considered cooling, nutritive,

strengthening and vitalizing; also demulcent and emollient.
Milk is the vital fluid food of the class of the animal of which
it is the product, Action of Ibacteria on mil!c:-Bacterial
.action destroys milk by' fermentation anQ_ putref~ction. Fermentation or souring. is the usual change and <::onsists in breakiug down the lactose to lactic acid which, in turn, causes precipitation of the caseip. If the milk is soured by llonpatho.genic organisms it. is good, as then it becomes a perfectly
healthy food. P~trefaction is less COffi1Tlon. It consists in the
precipitation of the casein followed by peptonising the curd .
.It occurs, usuCllly in boiled .milk in which the spore-forming
bacilli, especially the hay bacillus and c~1"tain anaerobes hav~
jntrocluceq,. Putr<2fied milk consists of products of protein
decomposition and,. so it is. apt to be poisonous. Alcoholic
fermentation can be pr.oduced by inoculation with certain
yeasts. Kumiss and Kefir: are alcoholic beverages made. by
this means. Cow's milk is demulcent, nutrient, cardiac tonic,
excitive of memory' (proqIQtes mem01Y), and is pleasant to,
take, very wholesome, prpmotes strength and longevity and
increas.esJ tJ;w secretipn of sem.en.r Its chief defect is its ratlJ,.e't'
,constipating effect. Boiling, Which kills the disease germ."!,
only seems tQ incr:,ease, the constipating. effect which can be.
'counteracted to ,a certain extent by eating, wholemeal bread
with it. Ten ounces of such bread with a pint, of skim-milk
supplies a cheaper nutritious hmch! and forms a third of the
nutriment teq{Jired for the whole day. In Ayurveda, properties of cQw'S milk according to Golour of skin are, mentioned
as follows':-(l) Milk of black cows,-very wholesome and
zood in "Vayu" disease; (2) Milk of yellow cows-good in
"'Vaytf' and "Pitta" disease; (3) Milk of white cows-heavy
of digestion alld deranges "Kapha"; (4) Milk of"- red or
'Speckled cows-good 'in "Vayn" disease; (5) Milk of small
hill cows-more oily and .heavy of digestion; (6) l\1i1~ of
scanty eater cows-heavy, in.creases "Kapha", is very good
tonic; (7) Milk of cows with .calves-good; (8) Mill}: of cows
without calves-not good; (9) Milk of cows .calved, long agogood tonic, checks "Tridosha.".--,-(Jour. of Ayur. March 1926).
Among the South Indians, th~re exi~ts an extraOl'ctinal'Y and.
'I
181
universal but disastrous belief that the fat content of the

cow's milk is inimical to the child's health and gives rise to
enlargemEnt of the liver and spleen.-(Dr. T. V. Muthu
Swami Chettiar, L.M.P., Tirupur P.O., S.I.Ry.). BuffaLo's milk
if; sweetEr, heaviei: and more oily than cow's milk; refrigerant,
difficult to digest, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, aphrodisiac,
phlegmatic and hypnotic. When taken in large quantities it
induces deepiness, spoils appetite and brings on cold. With
some persons it causes purging. Buffalo's milk contains more
fat than the cow's milk and is heavier. Use of Buffalo's milk
ill, infant feeding:-"Unfortunately, there is an errOneous belief that feeding children on buffalo's milk is apt to cause
catarrh of the children's respiratory tract. On the other hand,
it is of great value, easily' obtainable, contains a lot of cream,
and if properly prepared, is an ideal substitute for human
milk. It may be given to children when they are six months
old or after the sixth month. Buffalo's milk should be diluted
with 1/3rd its volume of water and the sugar defiCiency made
up by' the additi.on of a teaspoonful of sugar to every ounce
of milk so prepared. This will prove an ideal substitute for
breast-milk. For older babies (six months and after) buffalo's milk may be given, as such, undiluted and in quantities
of foUr ounces twice or thrice a day".-(Dr. T. V. Muthu
Swami Chettiar, L.M.P."Tirupu.r,. S.I.Ry.). Goat's milk is sweet,
coollng, astringent, 'and constipating. It is very invigorating
and promotes appetite and digestion. Ewe's mi:,k is saltish,
heating and oily, and not easily digested; it contains .fat 6.18
p.c., it causes eye-trouble. It is good for growth of hair but
causes. respiratory trouble, ulcers on tongue, lips and gums.
Mare's milk is saltish, acidulous, strengthenin:g, stimulant, demulcent and alleviative of Kap'ha and Vata. It is generally
used by: the. Moguls. Ass's milk IS saltish and easily
digestible; stomachic, 'cardiac stimulant, antiphlegmatic. Flesh
is cardiac stimulant; urine is stimulant, stomachic and is useful in gout. Camel's milk is light, sweet, sllghtly saline and
laxative; easily digestible, stimulant and stomachic. .Sheep's
milk. is alleviative of phlegm and bile. Human milk is light,
astringent, stomachic; refrigerant, demulcent, nutritive and
strengthening. Elephant's milk is sweetish, astringent, muscle-
182
builder, heavy, fattening, increa,ses vigour and strength. The

milk milked in the mornings due
to the cooling influence
of
I
.
the night and lack of exercise isl heavy, constipative and refrigErant; the evening milk, as the animals are warmed by th~
sun, exercise etc., relieves rheumatism and fatigue and i:=j
beneficial to the eyes. Raw milk (except human) is heavy;
boiled milk is lighter, but becOlhes soon contaminated anC!.
hence the need of care. Some are of opinion that milk is not
suitable to Indian stomach and not so easily digested as in
European stoIDCl.ch. European medicine has noted th~t milk
in sOPle person~ causes constipation, in others diarrhoea. The
,latter: is' generally the case with Indians and pure milk, diet
to Indian patients in diarrhoea is, therefore, cQntra-indicate{i. ,
Yet in certain: cases of c1:t.ronic diarrhoea 'U)ith fever, with <i .
suspicion of tuberculosis it is n()t desirable to semi-starv..e the
patient w_hen pure milk diet with mercurials (Parpatis) is
given w#h benefit, and' no other food or drink (inclu,ding
water) is given. Buttier from cow's milk. is topic, 'cardiac,
,stimulant, invigorating and stomachic. Butter from buffalo's
milk is "sweetish, astringept, refrigerant, demulcent, genera.tive of semen, alleviative of wind ahd bile"., Butter-milk is
astringent, light, cooling, appetising, nutritive and tonic.
Curds or Curdled milk
is
agreeable,
digestive
and
cooling;
it,
is
acid
and
astringent,
"relieves Vayu, produces marrow, semen; strength and blood,
aggravates pitta and kapha, helps digestion, and is an appetiser"; taken to excess it causes biliousness and catarrh. It is
good for meat-eaters in whom proteolytic coli predominates',
It aggravates amylolytic 'fermentation: and hence Ayurvedic
restriction for its free USe by vegetarians. Ghee (Sans.Ghrita; Ghrittham. Hind.-Ghi. Ben.-Ghee; Ghrita. Tam.
& Tel.-Neyi) is chiefly prepared from the milk of"tows and
buffaloes. Cow's ghee is stomachic, mltritient, anti-bilious,
tonic, improves memory. Ghee is considered cooling,. emollient and stomachic. It increases the fatty tissues and ~e~tal
powers, improves the voice, 'beauty and complexion. "Whey
.has properties similar to those of curdled milk; in particular
it favours the circulation of the animal fluids and therefore
.useful in constipation. Whey fr'om buffalo's milk is "phleg-
I
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--------------------------------WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
183:
anatic and generative of oedema"; Curd of milk (kilataka) is

nard of digestion, but is nourishing, tonic, and suited to persons with strong digestive powers. Cream is also hard of'
.digestion but nourishing, agreeable and demulcent. Powdered
mi~k (desiccated milk or Lactogen) is claimed to be sterile,
readily soluble in wafer., forming a homogeneous solution,.
which does not cream, and forms small soft curds. Lactose is'
nutrient; also uteririe, stimulant and tonic. It is harder, less
soluble and less sweet than cane-sugar and therefore is a
better excipient. and diluent for powders that require trituration. Lactose is a powerful diur'etic-a re'nal diuretic like
caffeine and theobromine. Dilute aCids convert it into glu-
cose. Nitric acid converts it into oxalic ahd mucic acids-a
.differentiating point from other sugars.
Uses.-As an article of diet, milk is peculiarly adapted'
for all-the" children, the aged, wounded, emaciated, starved
or those exhausted; by' sexual excess, for suckling women, for
patients suffering' from chronic fever', mental diseases, gastric
catarrh, ulcer and cancer of the stomach, gastric disorders
such as dyspepsia, intestinal disorders as diarrhoea and dysentery, albuminuria and other urinary complaints, ascites and
anasarca.
But in ""low fever"
according to Susruta
~(milk should not be drunk as it might even cause
,death." A pure milk diet to the exclusion of every
article including salt and water even, is often prescribed"
in the later stages of anasarca, ascites and chronic bowel
-complaints; along with this diet some medicine as Dugdhavati,
Suvarnaparpati or Manamandu is usually prescribed. Milk is
useful in relieving irritation of the respiratory and digestive _:_"
tracts or organs. A mixture of equal quantities ot skim milk
and cream IS an 'excellent natural cure for acid stomach or"'
n.eart-burn. For persons troubled WIth insomnia a cup of hot
milk before retiring to bed is recommended. Malted milk is
also good for this condition. Persons complaining of a feeling"
of distension after a drink of milk are recommended to add"
and dissolve a pincl\ of s~lt to each cup of milk to be taken.
Milk is a very effective remedy in poisoning by corrosive sub1imate, copper sulphate and even by corrosive acids. According"
184,
THE INDJAN: MATERIA MEDICA
to Allopathy, in enteric fevers and mucous diarrhoea, milk is

administered freely dilJlted with
barley water or with lime
I
water or any othex dilueI).t., Acording to Ayurveda, milk is
not given in mucous diarrhoea . . Kemp says that sour milk is:beneficial in some. pati,2nts havtng mucous diar.rhoea, 'but aggravating iv, pthzY's! .According to Allopathy in, the treat- ,
ment of low-fevl.;'r ca~es" fr~sp milk wen djlute<:l ?ng peptQnie~
is useful. Milk is frequent~y used a~ a vehicle to poultices.,
Dr. Moravesik of Budapest.states that milk injections are more
effective in parasis thaIl anti-syphilitic tJ:ea~ment-(Lapcet).
In acute iritis from whate,ver cause improvement after milk
injections is pr0mp.t, especially the subsidence of pain"-(Prac-,
tical Medicine, March 192p). In infants who are constitu-,
tionally predisposed to eczema (parental) injections of 1 to,
4 cc. of milk are given. Repeat the injections every fourth
day till 5 or 6 or even 10 injections are given-(Junagadh
Rosullkanji Hospital Bulletin). Milk protein injections:'.'Dr. Geo. Gelhorn says"-"While milk protein injeGti9ns.
cannot be expected "to raise the dead" they do. much, to build;
up the natural immunity to the patient in certain
crises.
Ophthalmic
physician&
and
surgeons
are
using them in corneal1l1cp,T with 100 p.c. ;r:esults. Injection of
milk 5 cc. the first, 8 cc. the thin~ day and 10 cc. for following
injections with an interval of one .or two days between injections; this interval to be lengthened if Severe reactions occur~
Reactions, as a rule, occur after the first two or three injections
only, and the severity of the reaction has nothing to do with
the results accomplished. The course of treatment consistsusually of ten injections, although remarkable results have
followed three or four doses. The white cell count was distinctly raised, althOlJ.gh quite gradually, after injections to full
normal. He stated that he was using milk proteiLl' before
operatiQns".-(ClinicallVIedicine). As an embrocation to clear
the skin and C'omple:x;ion, milk is applied to the body and
within half an hour the application is followed by a warm
bath. Goat's milik/ plain or medicated, is useful in phthisis.
(consumption), bile (pitta), cough, chronic diarrhoea and vomiting in children; "pitta" variety of "Arsa" (piles); cures
dyspnoea,. bronchitis, chronis:: cases .of enlarged liver and
..
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\
!I
I
185,
spleen, and gastrorrhagia. With barley-gruel goat's milk is.

recommended when the patient suffering from dysenteric
diarrhoea is weak, and goat's milk alone an.d ghee from it are
by themselves very good diet in convalescence after diarrhoea.
Ewe's or Sheep's milk is beneficial in obesity, flatulence and
gonorrhoea;' is a good diet in rheumatism and hectic cough.
Ass's milk is useful in general debility, high coloured alid
scanty urine; It'is extensively'used as a remedy against cough
and liver. compi&ints especially among children and old people,
and in chronic bronchitis, pertussis and consumption. Mare's
milk is beneficial in the rheumatism of the extremities.,
Camel's. milk: .:s useful ip. oedema, dropsy, asthma, phthisis,
leprosy, general scrofulous conditions, inflammations, cancers,
piles, intestinal worms, skin lesions, abdominal tumburs 'and
poisonings. It is used in Asia: Human milk is recommended
as a collyrium Cind as an application to head in eye complaints,
and in epistaxi3, for irrigation of the nose, as wen as for irrigating the eyelids. It is recommended also to grown up people
suffering from chronic asthma and consumption.
In China
those suffering from chest diseases suck women and find relief!
Elephant's milk. is beneficial to the eyes.
Its curd
is beneficial in sula 'pains and in diseases resulting
from vitiated Kapha'.
The butter aild ghee is stoma(,hie, antiphlegmatic, antibllious and anthelmintic. Butter from.
cow's 1hilk is USt,d with sugar in phthisis, piles, chronic dysentery; anorexia, fpcial' paralysis, etc. It agrees best. with the old
and young. It is given in irritation of the alimentary canal in
albuminuria and'in diabetes; it is beneficial in chronic dysen-.
tery, piles, trbmus and anorexia~(Charaka). In dysentery
it is used with sang jirun. Use of plenty of butter and other
fatty foods is a preventive and curative of Beri-beri. Locally it is
smeared over the leaves of Calotropis gigantea, Argyreia speciosa, etc;, and used as, soothing applications' over the abdomen
in colic. Two tolas of cow's butter 'washed in water one hun-
cired times and mixed with half a tola of sandal oil is an appli-.
cation that cures all sorts 9f sores:-Paridit J. L. Duveji. Plantain leaves' besmeared witb. butter are 'used as a coatmg 'Over
burnt or blistered surfaces. Butter from goat's 'milk is "stomachic, c~rdiac, alleviative of'tridoshas and b'enefieial in eye-
186
THE INDIAN MATERIA :MEDICA
,diseases; alleviative of cough, phthisis and phlegm (kapha).

Butter from any milk is a fatty food and is used also as an ointment base. Butter milk is effidaciou~ in cases of dyspepsia;
and is of great llse in feeding infants, suffering from ,diarrhoea.
It is a fine remedy for most cases of digestive disturbance, especially those accompanied by feyer. It is ,a sovereign beverage for those who are 'Predisposed to attacks of appendicitis,
a nice beverage 'in a tropical country like India and is largely
used by the middle and poorer classes. It is. found to contain
vitamin C. Butter-milk or water mixed with 6 mashas (70
grains) of alum powder or,Bhringraj leaves pestled in a mortar
cause vomiting and thus 'counteract poisonous effects in cases'
of serpent-bites. Whey is: highly useful ill phthisis, dysentery,
piles, tumo,urs, colic, catarrh, and fresh whey, from cow's milk
is especially recommended, medicated with carminatives, according to Ayurveda, in chronic diarrhoea when carbo-hydrate,
is contra-indicated, and particularly when "Vayu" is deranged,
in excess in order to ch~ck fermentation; in convalescence after'
<liarrhoea:, and in chronic cases of enlarged liver and spleen.
Whey is, genera1iy very good, particularly so in "Vayu-Kapha"
varit;ty of piles, when the internal channels are blocked, and,
is excellent when given with rock~salt. It is also recommend""
ed in strangury, in constipation, splenitis, stomatitis, adiposis,
flatulence ahd also in jaundice where it is given with carbonates of potassium ,and sodium. In fevers attended with coryza and anoreXIa, whey mixed with trikatu is given with m~ch
benefit. A diet of whey, fruit and vegetables is much in vogue
for those who have lived tpo freely., In gastro'-intestinal dis-'
iurbances of children whey in doses of 2 to 4 ounces per fe,ed
every three or four hours is given. Whey can very well be
used whenever a, fat-free dieUs required, especially in feeding
small, weak or premat:ure babies or invalid 'Children \yho can"
not digest fa:t. Curd is lJsefully given in anorexia, nausea, vomiting and rheumatism. It is given with pomegranate bark
01' sanga-jirun, in diarrhoea' or dysentery in children.
Whey
from buffalo's 'i'ltilk is "beneficial in spleen, piles, diarrhoea and
cholera." Curdled milk is useful in jaundice fever and urinary'
disorders, and is an antidote of copper. Curds mixed with
black pepper administered tq the person bitten by serpent
1
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WITH A YURVEDIC, VNANI & HOME REMEDIES
187
js said to counteraGt the effects of poison.-(Pundit J. L.

Duveji). Ayurvedic practice .is not to give c.urd (fermented
milk) in mucous diarrhoea, but a solution of milk, salt and
sugar by curdling the milk by lime-juice and straining the
.curd, t4e watezy portion left is gi:v~n. Ghee by itself or mixed
with honey, is much esteemed.as an application over wounds,.
inflammatorY swellings, aI1d blist.ered surfaces, with either'
betel or plantain.leClves, for promotion of quick healing; ghee
.is also used in the preparation of n'l~dicated. oils, and. as. an
ointment base. It is locaily a,nnointed in .irritahility of the
~kin, used a a,r~ injecJion ,in wgsting diseases. Internally it is)
givEn with honey, ~tlgar and with mineral ashes (Bhasmas) or
Mutras in tympanttis, painful dyspepsia and retained secre.-tion~. "Ghee, sugar-candy or: honey mixed is a medicine for
all ordinary complaints of children." "To thos_e children whol
incessantly cry and do not sU(~k 'mother's milk give sodium.
chloride mixed with ghe artd. sugar-~andy"-Pdt. J.L. Duveji.
Ghee is dropped i.li.tQ the. nose in coryza and. applied to' the.
face to improvr~ complexion and impart beal,l,ty. According to
Darpana, in strong fevers, an em.ulsion of s<:;lndalwood and of
old ghee or clarified butter that has been washed a hundred
times.in cold water, or an emulsion of"black pepper and ghee,
:is used for applying to the Rody of the. patient, followed in
about half an hpur by a tepid bath; then he is made to lie on the,
bedding made of the leaves of Nelumbium speciosum. Furana
ghr{ta (old ghee) or ghee more than ten years old has a strong
pungent odour' and reddish-brown colour. It is a very valuable external application in pleurisy and painful affections of
joints. Ghee or clarified butter a hundred years old is sometimes available; SQme specimens of..it are quite dry and hard
and nearly inodorous. They look more like some. sort 6 earth
than an animal substance', It. is first repeatedly washed with
cold water and .then rubbed with cold water till it is reduced
to a soapy frothy fluid which is used as a liniment. It is regarded as cooling and emollient and is much use,d as a liniment in nervous diseases such as insanity, e!;>ilepsy, neuralg~a)
para1ysis, cephalalgia and' asthma, in rheumatic affections, stiff
joint:>, burning of the body, hands or feet, affections of the eyes
.etc.-(Chakra). It has also a great reputation for reducing
188
the temperature in fever. This is doubtless due to the freeperspiration induced by the a!jplication.
For pains in the
breast, old ghee mixed with the powder of dry ginger proves
highly beneficial. Ghee whlch is IiI years old is called Mahaghrita. It is "demulcent and alleviative of wind and phlegm".
Ghee from buffalo mi[k .is "flatul~nt, cardiac, excitive of digestive fire, and generative. of the secretion .of semen, and is bene-'
ficial in piles and diarrhoea". Ghrita (ghee) from camel's milk
is refrigerant and stomachic, and is good in 'IVayu!' variety' of
"Arsa" (piles), useful in convulsions, worms and leprosy._
Cream is used as .a vehicle fol' certain calxes administered unto
a patient of pulmonary consumption, cough and asthma.
Lactose is userul in debility, phthisis, gastric irritability, and
for sweetening the food of infants. It is specially useful ill'
the dropsy of cardiac 0r rehal origin. As 'uterine stimulant
it is given in protracted labour, after the os has been fully
dilated. Buttermilk, whey, protein milk and peptonised milk
are commonly used in feeding invalid children.
l
Purity of milk is most important. Dangers of, impuremilk are many. Spread of disease by milk, through contamination of milk supply:(1) ,By 'contamination from the udder, bovine tuberculosis and Malta fever or brucella infection 'are transmitted.
(2) Milk sickness is a poisoning caused. by drinking milk
of cows sufferi:::lg from trembles, a disease or the cows due to,
poisoning from eating the rayless golden rod.
(3) Scarlet fever, septic sorethroat, typhoid fever, diphtheria, dysentery, diarrhoea due to bacillus enteritidis or some
such organism, are the common dis~ases spread as a result of
contamination by inf~cted persons handling milk. -.
(4) By contamination of milk supply by flies, almost any

diseases with discharges, suppuration or excreta as 9ysentery,
cholera, typhoid group of fevers, diarrhoea, pyogenic or septic
infections may be trlms:(l1itiecl.
.
Prevention of these diseases is by pasteurising the milk.;
soon after it is obtained.
..
----_ ... -- -WITH A YURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME
~EMEDIES
189
Milk is rendered safe from tubercle et!=!., by heating it over

the flame of a gas-ring turned very low and slowly or .over
any other form of slow heat to about 170F., and then taking
it off and allowing it to. stand in a coo_! larder 01: pll;lce; skim
off the cream next mQr!).ing fln.d the resid:ual "scald" milk l?~
comes fit for use. Pasteuri~aHon consists i:n killing the bacter;ia
of milk by h~atjp"g it to a temperat:ure of 142E., to 145F., for
30 minutes, ~hilling it .at once and, protecting it from any subs~quent contamination by caref.ul handling. Effects of boiling milk:-(l) Milk becomes sterile, ,all the bacteria having
been killed. (2) JVIilk takes ,on a yellowish tinge due to chan~
ges in ~he milk .proteins .and partial c?fp.malisation of lactose.
Albumin is coagulated, apd casein, partially breaks. down. (3)
Fat g~o.b\lles a~'e, broken up and clusters of ,globules separated
so. that a creal!). line forms less .r~qdily ...(4) Some of the calcium is p~ecipitatec;l o~t as insoluble calcivm phosphate. (5)
Small ;;:tm_ounts of .antisGorbutic and 'ant~ricketic v:itamins present in fI:e.sh milk are destroy~d. (6) EnzymeS' present aI:e
rendered inactive. Hess and Matz of .New Y,ork (J.A.M.A.,
May 17, 1924} say that ".lemon juice may be added directly to
cow's milk, 41 C.c. (p.bout,5! drachms) to a quart Qf milk, without pJ;,Oducing curdling. In this way the milk is re.ndered ,more
digestible and its true ,acidity in the stomach is ma<Je to resem;ble ,J;YlQre neariy that of ~uman milk. Inf;;mts thrive well .Oll
it. Lemon. juiGe also supplies the ,antiscorhutiG yitamin". :Ad,..
vantages .of t}~e use ,of boiled milk ,in infant. fe"eding arE!:-(l)
It is sterile and s() free from disease-~.?using o.rganisms. (2-)
Casein is J?redpitated in small,. easily friable ,c~:rds, j.e." in an
easily digestible form.
, l'o avpid any geficiencies in infant-feegiI)g" for .every one
ounce of .preast-milk, one and a half ounces of undiluted cow's
milk should b\~ givell; with half to one t.easp.oonful, of sugar
per O'\.lnce. "During the fi~st six months after birth, when the
child ~s ~xpected to liv~ enti,rely on mother's milk, if the motber is a delica~e and weak individ,ual, ~acking in the quality
and quantity of 1;>reast-milk neceSSgry for the: .child, .the child
besides being given a,rtificial feeding, cow's milk pro:perly 'hum?ni~ed' may be used during ibis period .six months to sup-
or
190
plement breast-feeding. After the sixth month, cow's milk

with wheat and ragi flour made, into conji is gradually superactded. The patent foods now flooding the market and strain,
jng the financial resources of pa~ents cannot have the vitamin
value of fresh milk and fresh 'wheat and ragi flour. It is,.
therefore, essential that both from the economical and the nutritional points of view, the fresh cereals, wheat and ragi, which
contain sufficient protein, _carbohydrate and vitamms, 'should
be preferred to the patent foods. Most of our infantile troubles and mortality are due to bad feeding and could be obviated by the judicious use of our nourishing cereals with cow's
milk".-(Rao Bahadur Dr. M. Keshava Pai, O.B.E., M'.D.). The
usual practice of infant feeding is to dilute the cow's milk with
an -equal volume of' water, then boil it, allow the cream to settle, and remove the cream so settled; it is given to the child,
adding sugar just to taste. Though such removal of the cream
does not totally deprive the milk of its fat content, the remaining fat is quite inadequate to meet the child's requiremehts._
By this practice, the protein, sugar, fat and salt (not to speak
of the vitamin~-) contents of the milk are very much lowered
and the child so fed suffers from malnutrition, emaciation and
c0nstipation. When the child so fed is constipated, under the
erroneous belief that it is the fat content of the prepared milk
that is causing constipation, the milk is still further diluted
'and thus -the fat content removed in its (almost) entirety, and
the child is fed on milk so prepared. The result is that the
'existing constipation is aggravated, the liver hypertrophies as
its functions are not fully exerted and the spleen also hyper:...
trophies. Only in the later stages (i. e., by the time the liver
atrophies and becomes smaller in size either on account of disuse, disease or toxic irritation) do~s the enlargement of the
'spleen
becomes obvious.
Meanwhile,
the ehild requires a rectal injection:
of -glycerine every, day to
have a regular -bowel
motion.
These cases, if not
attended to early and
if the dietary
deficiency: is
not made good at an early date, almost, as a rule, seek an
early grave. On the other hand, when a child is fed on a
mixed feeding of breast-milk and such diluted cow's milk, it
does not suffer from severe~constipation, enlargement of the
..
..."
WlTH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
191
liver or spleen,. but growth and develoPment are considerably

delayed and symptoms of rickets set in.-(Dr. T. V. Muthu
Swami Chettiar, L.M.P., Tirupur, S.l. Rly.).
79A. ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS (formerly LEPUS

RUFICAUDAroS, Geoff.)
(Eng.-Rabbit. San!l ..,..,.-8asaka. Ben.-Khargosh). F'lesh
i:; refrigerant, astringent, stomachic and cardiac stimulant,
beneficial in fEver, jaundice, diarrhoea with fever, phthisis.
cough and piles.
80. MABUIA CARINATA, Schneill.

(Eng.--Jndian Skink Punj.-Regmahi). Oil is
stimulant, aphrodisiac and antisyphilitic.
restorative~
81. MACASUS RHESUS

(Eng.-Monkey. Sans. Hind. & Ben.-Banar). Flesh is
difficult to 'digest and hamatinic; beneficial in eye diseases"
phthisis, cough and pn~s.
>
82.
M~L
(See:-Apis MeilHica)
(Class !-HYmenoptera)
Sans.-Madhu; Makshika. Eng.-Honey. Arab.-Injubin;
Asatulnahl. ,Pers.-Shadad Angabinl:!. Punj.-Saht. Kash.Mhacll. Duk.-Sha'had. Hind. Ben. & Guj.-Madha. Mah.
Madh. Kan.-Mhou. Tam. & MaL-Taen. TeI.-Taenu.
Can.-Jaentuppil. Sinh.-Mipanny. Burm.-Pya-ya. Malay.Ay~rmader.
Source.-Beehive or hon~y comb, where it is deposited by

the honey-be,e. It occurs in the nectaries of flowers where-
-l!
192
from it is sucked by the bees, and then stored up in the comb~

The finest honey is the virgin. ,honey which drains itself from
the comb, and that which is freshly procured from the hive.
Honey sold in the bazaars is derived from the honey~comb of
several species of wild bees. ~
Charadtrs.-It is a viscid, s;:tccharine substance, semitranslucent liquid of a light ye1Iowish-brown colour, of an
aromatic odour and of a sweet acrid taste. After a time it becomes opaque &~d crystalline.
Constituent~.-Grape-sugar or dextrose which becomes

crystalline, fruit-sugar or levulose which remains liquid; wax;
volatile oil; proteids, mucilage, colouring matter, formic acid
and ash; (rich in carbohydrates)~
Some of the substances
contained are pollen dust, ethereal oil, various phosphates,
lime (calcium) and ir:on. Most of the elements found .in the
human body are, in sman proportions, present in honey. The
dextrose and levulose present in. it are monosaccharides and
are absorbed easily. As regards the vitamin content, it is
stated that honey cOlitains both the fat-soluble and water,soluple pripcipie. Hqney contains a special protein secreted
by the be~. 111 addition jt contains a diastatic fe:o:nent simila:t
to that of saliva and having the power o converting starch
into sugar. In short, chemically, honey is mainly a mixture
of dextrose and levulose.
Varieties.-Eight sqrts of honey are described by Susruta:-(l) Mabhika <;>r the honey collected by the common
bee called madhumakshika. (2) Bhramara, or the honey collected by a large biack bee called bhramara. This is benefi!;ial in phlegm, cough, fever and epistaxis. It is used as a
linctW;;. (3) Kshaudru) or honey collected by a sort of sma,ll
hee of tawny colour, called Kshudra. This is useful in eye
diseases. It possesses a11 the properties of MaksMkl?- madhu.
(4) Pauttika, or honey collected by a small black bee resembling a gnat, called puttika . .(5) Chhatra, or honey formed by
tawny or yellow wasps which makes their hiyes in the shape
of umbrellas. This is beneficial in haematemesis, worms, leucoderma, gonorrhoea and ~lle.viative of giddiness, hysteria and
.'_
i
,
'
WITH A YURV~DIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
193
poison. (6) Argha or wild honey collected by a sort of yellow bee like the bhramara. This is beneficial in "eye diseases,
piles, cholera, cougl;l, phthisis, jaundice and ulcers." (7)
AudaLaka is a biHer and acrid substance found in the nests
of white ants. {8) Dala or unprepared honeyc found on flowers.
It is "produciv~ of digestive firEt, generative of bile and beneficial in phlegm, gonorrhoea and vomiting". Of these varieties
the first four only are described by writers and the first alone
is used in medicine.
Adion.-New honey is considered demulcent and laxative Honey more than a year old is astringent, demulcent,
cetergent, pectoral, emollient and laxative. It also possesses
nutritive propel'ties. T!1e fatty acids present in honey stimulate peristalsis arid digestlon. Honey in moderate doses has
a beneficial effect on the diges_tion arid appetite of those with
weak stomachs and loose bowels. Its value lies in providing
a readily absorbable food. It is the most potent fuel to provide energy for muscle, and conseq_uently most valuable for
that all-important, most vital muscle-the heart, which knows
no complete physical rest. Lime in honey is wonderful in
regulating the secretions of internal glandular organs, being
equally good for persons of both sexes, irrespective of agefrom infancyc to old age. Again it has hypnotic action in bringing sound sleep if taken with cold water before going to bed
in doses of 2 te[lspoonfuls in a big cupful of water. Babies
generally fall asleep after taking honey. It decreases flatulence
and increases general metabolism and also the quantity of
urine among children. Locally applied it stimulates the mucous surfaces, when in an atonic condition.
It also actsc as
styptic. A special protein secreted by the bees contained in
honey, when inoculated into rabbits causes the formation of
antibodies in the cserum.
Uses.-Honey is much used in the preparation 9f confections and electuaries and as an adjunct to decoctions,c pills and
powders. Of all the natural foods rich in carbohydrates honey
i~ the most wholesome, valuable and delicious. As a demulcent, honey and warm barley water are given internally in
constipation an,d indigestion, in bronchial affections, asthma,
13
194
chronic colds, troublesome coughs and sore-throat. It is a

useful laxative for children \yho take it readily; and it is safer
and far better for them than cane-sugar. When combined with
milk, honey fo:rms an ideal foqd for growing children and adults.
A mixture of honey and distilled vinegar or lime-juice in
equal parts melted together by gentle heat is an excellent adjunct to cough mixtures and for the coughs of children this
combination with an equal quantity 'of water with or without a
few drops of paregoric is an excellent remedy. Honey is a
pleasant vehicle for administering bitter mixtures for cough
and fever especially in children. In severe cases of malnutrition with heart weakness and ip cases of pneumonia" honey
has been found to have a marked effect in reviving the heart's
action and keeping the patient alive. Dr. G. N. W. Thomas
cites (Lancet-Health, Feb. 1925) a case of pneumonia in
\vhich the patient consumed 2 Ibs. of honey during the illness;
and there was an, ~arly crisis with no subsequent: rise of
temperature and an exceptionally good pulse. Instead of depending on milk and beef-extracts, as is done in so m~ny
cases of fever where the stores of sugar in the body are being
rapidly used up, he suggests that honey should be given for
,general physical repair and above all for hear~-failure and
grapes constitute a valuable a9juvant. He flJ,rther states."If ~ugar and pre-eminently honey be the most potent energy
for muscle, should we not. remember to give it for that allimportant and most vital muscle of all-the heart which gets
no complete physical rest: other m,uscles, yes, but for the
heart, no respite-until the tale is t,old." In the West, honey
is coming into more and more exten~ive use in curing rickets,
marasmus, malnutrition, scurvy and other conditions in which
various malts) like cod-liver oils and other patent foods were
formerly prescribed. In old age honey is specially useful in
providing energy and ht:1at to the body, which has little of it
at that stage. In addition to it "it dries up' the phlegm and
clears,the system of mucus which are the two necessary' weaknesses that a man generaIiy falls victim to in his old age." A
teaspo'onful or 'two in a cupful of boiling water and taken while
still warm is a refI.:eshing and strengthening draught, giving
much relief to those suffeHng from asthma. The use of honey
1
I
195
internally and of sunlight externally to the body direct, has

been -eulogised as an ideal remedy to regulate the secretion of
the internal glands and calcium: metabolism. Practitioners of
Hindu-Greek-Arabic Schools of Medicine give honey to diabetics with many of their medicinal preparations. The ferment and a special protein as 'well as the Vitamins in honey.
perhaps account for the beneficial action of honey in diabetes.
Since honey consists of velulos2 it is not harmful in diabetes.
A paste of it with flour- is a popular application to promote
maturation of abscesslOs, ulcers and buboes. As an emollient,
it is used as a gargle to cure aphthae in the mouth and as a
vehicle to other agents; it is l,lsed as an application to the
throat in thrush and pseudo-membranous deposits. As such
it is also applied to Sore nipples and to swollen mammae for
drying up milk. With lime (chuna) it is used as an external
application to the temples in headache, to the abdomen or
round the navel .in ,colic and to other painful parts, such as
bruises and sprains. Honey by itself' or mIxed with ghee~ applied ,to burns-, ulcers, scalds and wounds soothes and heals
them rapidly. Rubbed over the teeth WIth charcoal powder
it makes them clean and white as; snow. Rubbed over greasy~
dirty ,banqs, .it ~Jean;;<'fs them rapidly.
it is said that Goliath and Hercules of ancient times and
Rarriamurthi the great In~lian Sandow, were in the habit of
taking dally honey in their diet. Hence tnelr might, strength
and infinite capa:city f9r work. Not only to those who wish
to build up a strong' bdy, but also to those suffering from
diabetes, honey IS a wholesome food, :as those cannot indulge
in any kInd of S\lgar.
S;L MEL DEPURATUM

,01'
&4. MEL DESPUMATUM
(Eng.-Clarified honey) is the honey of Commerce, melted in a water-bath and ';t~ained while )1Qt through flannel
previously moistened with water. It is a VIscid translucent
liquid of light yellowish or brownish-yellow colour, gradually
196
becoming partially crystalline and opaque, of characteristic

odour and of very sweet, taste. It is demulcent, laxative, and
l
nutritive; "\lsed chiefly ~s a vehicle for other medicines, e.g.,
powders; it is also Qne of the be$t vehicles, for medicines used
for curing cough, asthma" f\:!yer, dyspepsia, etc. It consists
mainly of yarip!1,s kinds of sug9rs~
85. MONOVALVE SHELL

(See :-Gastropoda.)
86. MOSCHUS
~OSCHIFERU&
(Class:-Ruminantia),
Sans.:-Ka,sturi; Mri~anabhi; Mrigamadha. Eng.-M~sk.

Arab. & Pers.-Mishk. Hind. Ben. Guj. Mah. [{on. Can. T(1,m.
Tel. & Mal.-Kasturi. Duk.-Mushk. Sinh.-Urula. Burm.:_
Kado. Mabay.-.Jabat.
Source.:-Musk producing animal (Muskdeer)' is found
generally in China, Russia, Assam, Centra:l Asia, and pine
forests and the inaccessible cliffs above 8000 feet of the Himalayas. "Musk is found in these al1imals only in the rutting
season and is undoubtedly for the purpose of attra,cting the
female."l "Chinese traders say t1;lat the best kind of musk
is not obtained from captured animals, but is gathered fr.om
the favourite haunts of the deer after the rutting seasRn,
when the animal breaks the gland with its hoof and empties
the contents on the ground. Musk of this kind is extremely
difficult to obtain and is, therefore, rarely seen on the
market."2
...,'
Characters.-Musk proper is an inspissated and dried
secretion (testicular extract) from the preputial ,follicles of
the male musk deer (Moschus moschiferus). "The material
is found embedded in a sac which is oval or r()und with a
diameter of about H inches; the upper surface is flat with a
smooth
membrane and the
under surface is covered wIth stiff
,
v
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES.
197
hairs arranged concentrically round a small opening".3 The

animal on an average yields 2 to 4 drachms of the secretion.
Each animal (male) yields one musk-pod 2 inches in diameter. It occurs iIi irregular, reddish black, slightly unctuous
grains. "Musk when f:n~sh is milky but latE;!r Wrns viscid
anq assumes a brownish-red ~olour. It retains its strong diffusible odour for a 'iong time aJ;ld has a bitter aromatic taste";4
it is soluble iIi alcohol to the e;xtent of about 10 per cent.
in wa~er t,o about 50 per; cent, ~lso in, ether and alkaliei? The
watery S91ution is faintly acid. It st,ains the I;laper yellow ~nd
when burnt it gives off urinous, smell, leaving greyish ash
about 8 per ~ent. The, smell entirely di,sappears when triturated with cam,phpr, powdered ergot, valerian, bitter almonds 1
fennel, garlic, hydr,ocyanic acid or oily s~eds, or when, long
dried over .the fumeS of sulphuric acid. The odour returns
on eXPQsure to the air and Ip.oisture. "Musk. is remarkabl~
for the power! permanency, aDd stability of its, odour, ~very
thing in, its vicinity becoming affected by it and retairiing the,
scent Jor a long time".5
Constituents.-Musk contains ammonia, oleine, cholesterin, fat, wax, gelatinous matter, albuminous substances and
leaves an ash. Ash is composed chleHy of the chlorides of
potassium, sodium and c~lcium. "Musk yields by distillation with steam and subsequent purification, a small percentage of a viscid, ,colourless oil with a very powerful and agreeable odour of musk; this oil appears to be a Ketone and has
been termed muskone."6
Varieties.-Bhavaprakash descrihes three varieties of
musk, viz: KamruPl Nepala and Kashmir9- musk., Assam
musk or Kamrup musk IS of a very strong 04011r" of black
colour, super,ior to th~ otpers, and hence costlier.. I~ is probably China or Tibet (Chinese) musk brought via Kamroop,
Nepala musk is described ~i? of 'Qluish-black in colour and
intermediate g,uality. Kashmira musk is infedor to all.
"Russian, musk possesses a poor fragrance and hence is, not
much esteemed".7 "Chi,nes.e or 'T,onkin' musk j$' at present
the most highly prized because of its freedom from any unpleasant smell sqggestive of ammonia which is sometimes
198
found in the inferior brands. A variety of musk known as

'Cabardine' musk which co~es from the northern parts of
IVlongolia and Manchuria" ii'\ not used for first-class products
because of its penetr~ting l1tipleasant odour".8
Remarks.-The fetm "inilsk" is loosely applied to a n~m
ber of products of both animal and vegetable origin characterised by the peculiar odour of the true perfume. The season
during which musk is present in the skin gland covers about
one month and in order'to secure the valuable secretion of the
gland, the animal must be caught in the' Tutting period. No
musk is obtainable from animals in the other seasons of the
year. The contents of the pod vary in bulk with the age of
the animal. A yearling yields scarcely any musk, and a twoyear-old fawn has in its skin gland contents one-eIghth of an
ounce of musk, which is milky, and has an unpleasant smell.
A full-grown buck gives about two ounces, but specimens
containing one-third to one-half of an ounce of musk are common. s ('Tpe odour of musk is so strong' that it can be perceived at a distance when the animal is shot and it is said that
the' hunters very frequently suffer frqm the strong odour
emanating frqm the fresh musk as it acts deleteriously on the
nervou,s system, ey~-sight a,n9, hearing."l0
Action.-According to Ayur.veda, musk IS a diffusible
stimulant, anodyne, antispasmodic, cardiac, expectorant, diaphoretic, diuretic, laxative, antiseptic, and aphrodisiac. It
acts principally on the heart and the nervous system. It
exhilarates the mind and stimulates the.' brain,. spinal cord
and the peripheral nerves. It improves the circulation and
raises arterial tension. It is a stimulant of the urino-genital
organs. It is also reputed to stimulate the res)Jiratory cen,tre.
It is eliminated in the 'urine, sweat and 'mille When taken,
Its first effects are to stimulate the vascular system and the
br'aln. After a time it acts as a nar.cotic or soporific.. Its
effects are more manifest in excitable and hervous persons
than in others. '''In Westetn mediCine, according to Muda1iar,
David and Reddy's experiments in 1929 of musk-solution and
tinc,ture of musk administered orally in doses of 2 grains, and
intravenous injections of :).0 to 20 lJlgm. of the soluble portion
199
of musk in 1 to 2 C.c. of water respectively, to animals, have

shown that musk has no sedative effectll and has a wellmarked effect on the cellular elements of the blood. The
total number of leucocytes are said to be increased after oral.
administration. This effect is particularly marked in
patients who have leucopenia, the total leucocytic count be-,
ing doubled. in some patients after musk, while comparatively
Httle change is produ~ed in normal in'dividuals or in those
with leucocytosis. They administered 10 to 20 minims of
tincture' of musk in an ounce. of water and found that within.
half to one hour after administration the total leucocyte count
showed a definite increase. These observations were later'
disproved by experiments at the Carmichael Hospital for
Tropical Diseases!"12 "Experiments in animals under urethane anaesthesia have shown, that injections of musk-solution
and ap{Jlication of same tp nasal mucous membrane, showed
that musk has got no special a~tion on the respiratory system.
Valeptin (1903) has estimated that a total of 0.02 mgm.
(0,00,000,009 mgm. per litre) can be distinctly smelt by human
beings. From this, the strong sensory stimulation which is
produced may be easily imagiI}ed';.13.
Action & Uses in Ayurveda & Siddha.-Mathura tikta
rasam, katu anurasam, ushna veeryam, kapha vat a haram,
guru, aphrodisiac, in poisoning, antispasmodic, vomiting,
cold, foul smell, tonic, cough, rakta.-pittam.-(T4e:r:apeutic
Notes).
Action & Uses in Unani.-Hot 3, Dry 2, tonic to heart
and brain, increases' vitality, nervous diseases, paralysis, apoplexy,.. increases hararath. In cold, diseases of cold in head,
pregnancy, low temperature and anti-kapha.--::-{Therapeutic
Notes).
Uses.-Musk is largely used in perfumery, its aroma being very lasting and holding more evanesc~I}t perfumes with
it. "Perfumers use mu~k, for imparting ~n Qd.Q'u,r to soaps,
powd~rs, and mixing liquid perfumery".14 "In indigen.ous
medicine~ of In9~a musk is used' a~ l1eJ;'ve sedative in epilepsy,
hysteria and ~onvulsions in children",15 and "as an antispas..;
200
modic and anodyne in low fevers, chronic cough, general

debility and impotence. Itsi fame as a cardiac stimulant is
so great that it is almo'st the. last resort when everything else
has failed to support the heart".16 In Western medicine as a
diffusible stimulant it is used in various adynamic fevers as
typhoid, typhus, and typha-remittent fevers and in all typhoid
conditions as collapse of delirium tremens, coma, typhoidpneumonia; as an antispasmodic it is given iIi. "gout, in lockjaw or tetanus, hydrophobia, epileptiform and hysterical attacks, chorea, whooping cough, hiccup, asthma, colic, laryngismus stridulus, etc."17 Under its lise the patient gets refreshing sleep. "In removing rigidity of plague cases or meningitis it has no equal'l.-(H. C. Sen). As an aphrodisiac it is:
given in combination with other aphrodisiacs in seminal weakness and impotence. "Tincture of musk is very largely used
by medical men in India in doses of 10 to 30 minims as a
cardiac stimulant, in depressed conditions of the nervous sys-
tern and as an aphrodisiac."ls Musk extern:ally applied to the
body acts through the pores as' a rejuvenator. In palpitation of the heart it is usefl;ll. "It is 'prescribed sometImes'
,alone and sometimes in combination with 'Makaradhwaja~
(insoluble sulphide of mercury) and Sida cordifolia".l9 "Dr.
Mitra of Kashmir (1898) found musk of great value in cardiac
,asthenia due to plague. He used powdered musk with great
'benent".20 "Tamil physicians in South India, prescribe musk
combined with opium, to children in cases of convulsions."21
"According to Allopathy, in convulsions of children where
no definit~ causative factor. can be determined, musk has been
used with promising results in combination w,ith chloral
hydras (gr. 5 to gr. 10 according to age) and tincture of musk
(10 drops to 30 drops)".22 Musk is used, in brain affections
which are generally a tonic. "Crookshank (1905) spoke well
of musk in acute specific infections resulting in toxic involvement of the central nervous system. He used 5 grCiins_ of' the
powdered musk every 2' hours with satisfactory results".23'
In the advanced stages of, cholera infantum its good effects:'
are due to its preventing effusion upon the brain. In mental
and bodily fatigue leading to sleeplessness, musk is 'very useful. It is contra-indicated in cases where there is a deter.'~
.WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
201
mination of blood to the brain or where there is any organic

complication. Musk is also reputed in curing dyspepsia and
colitis. In metastatic gout where the disease affects the stomach or the head, musk gives immediate relief. Dose is onetenth of a grain for adults; and for children one-sixtieth to
one-fortieth .of a grain. In low fevers with prostration, "anaemia and general debIlity as a result of" chronic ailments"2\
two grains of musk with two 6f Makaradhwaja are given
every twelve hours with the addition of honey. In renilttent
fever of low type $valpfL Kasturi Bhairava Rasa recommended in Rasendrasarasangraha, is given. It contains cinnabar,
aconite, borax, n1.ltmeg, mace, long pepper, black pepper and
musk, equat parts made into four~grain pills. In hoa,rseness
and loss of speech 11 linctus known as lVi:r~ganabhyadirabaleha
prescriped in Bhavaprakash, made up of musk, ~ardamoms,
cloves, ;:in;namon and d"ates in equal. parts witll honey and
clarified butteJ;" is given. For gen~ral; depression a pill made
of 1 grain of musk and 3 gr,ains of camphoJ;" is uS,eful. As an,
alterative tonic in a variety of diseases, especially in chronic.
affections of the lungs supposed to be caused by deranged
phlegm Vasantatilakarasa described in Rasehdrasarasangraha
is given; also in dyspepsia of phthi'sis and other grave
conditions In weak patients. It is prepared thus:-Take of
prepared gQlcl 1 part, taI<; and tin 2 parts each, Iron 3 parts,.
rasasindum ahd calcl.ned pearls and coral, 4 parts each; mix
them together, s01lk f6r seven days in the juice of sugar-cane,
of the ftlEts Tribulus terrestris and of other strengthening
vegetables. Enclose the mass in a covered crucible and roast
it in a sand-hath for three hours'. Lastly add to It four parts
of camphor and four of musk arid make into four-graih pills.
Vish~gbhushim Kaviraj A, C. Bisharad reports (Jour. of
Ayur., Aug. 19.25) a: case of paraIysis of tQngue in an old lady
of 80 years, rapidly cured by a mixture of Musk, Makaradhwaja, 'reduced gold and mica, reduced coral and pearl 1
grain each, dividing the "mixture in three equal doses a~d
administered with the concentrated decoction of the roots of
Sid a cordifolia: a~d the r~ot-bark of Arjuna tree ! tola each,
in addition to Lakshmibilasa rasa one pill at 2 p.m. administered together with 12 grains of rock salt ahd 30 drops of ginger
202
THE I~DIAN MATERIA MEDICA
juice-(See under "Mica"). The following simple remedies

are also very useful.:-(l) Ta~e of musk! drachm, dry ginger
2 drachms, asafoetIda 4 drachms, black-pepper 2 drachms.
Mix and reduce the whole. to .a fine powder. Dose is 5 to 20
grains; used in spas:r;nodic alid convulsive affections, such as
asthma and hysteria, (2) Take of musk 1, Andtppogon
muricatus 5, cloves 5, ambergris 1, gold leaf 2, and honey 28
parts. Mix and wake a pill mass. Pose is 1 to 2 grains; used
in colliquative sweats.
N. B.:-"Chopra's work, both experimental and clinical;
does not bear out the cardiac-tonic and leucocyte-raising
properties";25 that "there appears to be no foundation for
belief in its efficacy iIi epilepsy, chorea and ill convulsions
of children, and hysteriform attacks; that in whooping cough
and colic, its action resembles the drugs of the essential-oil
group; and that the importance of inusk in the indigenous
medicine iIi India, ha:s been very much over-rated and that
it has not got any marked physiological or therapeutic
p:roperties."26
I. Musk in the .Jlnima~ and. Vegetable Kingdoms:-It is

interesting to note that odorous substa!).~es of the nature.
of musk occur both in the a!).imal and vegetable kingdom ill
the different parts of the world. According to Gerardin, the.
following animals secrete musk or similarly odorous substances:-Besides the male musk-deer, Moschus moschiferus;
the gazelle, Antilope dorcas; the marten,. lVIustela foina, the
faeces of which are said to have a musk-like odour; the
alpine goat, Capra ihex, the dried blood of which sme.lls like
musk; the musk-ox, Ovipos moschatus which dissemillates a
decided musk odour and the meat of which, though it has a
repulsive odour and taste, is eagerly eaten by the Itldians; the.
zebu, Bas indicus; the pecari, DicotyZes torq'l-tat:us; the musk
duck, Anas moschata, which is found on the Gold-Coast,. in
Jamaica and Cayenne; the desman, Myogal moschata;. - the
Nile crocodile, Crocodilus vulgaris; val'ious turtles, e.g.,
Cinosternon pennsylvanianum; and various India!). snakes.
The musk odour is also found quite commonly in the
vegetable kingdom. It is :(pund in Malva rrwsch,ata and the
203
seeds of Hibiscus abelmoschus, Linn. (Malvaceae) which are.

utilised in perfumery; Brassica oleracea, Linn. var, capitata
(Crucifera~); Erodium Trtoschatum, Her. and Geranium triste
or Pelargonium nor:t1t()Lens of Western Africa which is
odorous at night
(Geraniaceae);
Rosa
moschata
(Rosaceae);
the
wax
gourd,
/3enincas(J)
cerifera,
Say. and
the ,I~dian
hottle
gourd Lagenaria vulgaris,
Ser.
(Cucurbitaceae);
Adoxa
moschatellina,
Linn. (Caprifoliaceae); Achillea moschata, Jacq., Aster
argophyrtus, Labill. and Moschm:ia pinnatifida, Mol. of Chile
(Compositae); Hyssopus ofjicinalis, Linn. and Moschosma
species of India and Af:rica (Labiatae); Miinulus moschatus of
Chile and North America (Scrophulariaceae); Moschoxylon
swaytzii, J uss., the, musk wood of Jamaica (Meliaceae); Guarea
grandifl()fa of America and the poisonous Serjania curassavica,
Radlk. of AtnEriCa (Sapindaceae); the wood of the American
Clu,sia eluteria (Chlsi_aceae); the Asiatic Lawsonia in ermis,
Lam. (Lythrarieae); the E~st Indian Ferula sumbul, Hook.
(Umbellif~rqe);, the wopd of Cordia rumphii, Bl. of Java
(Boragineae); Pedalium; mu,rex-Peturaga cingul of Ceylon
(Pedali~eae); Cestrum nocturn'I,Lm, Linn. of South America
(Solanaceile,) and the Mexican wonderfioweJ, Mirabi:is
IO'll9iflora, Linn. (Nyctaginieae), the last two named exhaling
a mt,lsk odour at night. ...
Despite the large number of products capable of affording more or less a musk-like, odorous substance, the muskdeer remains the only important commercial source of thi~
substance.
.
Preparation of Musk for the Mwket:-Ther,e are several

ways ~f ,preparing the cqmmercial musk, and the pest method
is, to dry the pod by sunning and airing immediately af~er
it is taken from the animal.
The article, because of its
powerful diffusion of odour, is usually packed in hermetically
sealeq vessels and wooden Qoxes lined with tin JoiL The
pods from the places o production are always paaked in small
ski,V b,ags singly, t4e pod inside the bag being covered with
the animal's hair or: similC;lr stuff to keep it~ odour from
diffusing a~ w~ll as to ,protect it from the influence 'of tpe
204.
weather. For home consumption, Chinese traders occasionally

pack the pods in silk-wrappel packages of two or three dozens
each. Musk is collected from the hunters by a class of
traders, who ate also engag~d in exporting medicinal herbs
and other products of the highlands of the Szechwan Tibetan
border, no Chinese mercharit being engaged exclusively in
the musk trade. (From_:-Chopra's "1. D. of 1.", pp. 423-424).
Artificial Musk:-Since musk fetches a high price on

the market, the unfortunate little animal-the musk deer'-has
been ruthlessly hunted for its valuable scent pod. Fear has
been expressed by foreign riaturalists for the early extinction
of the animal if the present rate of destruction is allowed to
go on without any restriction. It is estimated that at least
twenty-two pods are required to make one 'catty' of musk.
(1 catty = 1-1/3 lb.) Thus' twenty-two' male deer must be,
killed before the trade can bring one catty of musk pods to
the market. As the musk sac is fbund on the abdomen of the
buck only, and as there is ho distinction in appearance between the male and the female deer when seen at a distance,
many more animals of both sexes must be caught or killed
in order to secure a catty of musk pods. As the animals are
hunted or trapped during the rutting season, they are gettIng
exterminated and this fact, coupled with the increasing 'consumption in perfumery of the article in France, ha;:; led the
chemists to look for some substitute of the natural article
which can be prepared in the laboratory. Compounds having
the odour of musk have been prepared synthetically but such,
substances have an entirely different chemical structure from
the natural musk, These are, however, not p'oisonous and are
largely substituted in the' cheaper forms of perfumery for the
expensive riatural product. The musk substitute"'S at present
known are trinitro-r'neta-tertiarybutyl-toluene and the corresponding compounds' obtained from the homologq_es of'
toluene and the dinitro derivatives of the ketones which l'lre
formed by the interaction of acyl chlorides on derivatives of'
toluene. Of these, Trinitrobutyltoluol Co HNO'I CH3 C 4 H, has
been considered to be the best. Its odour is very akin to the
natural musk and is sold in ,perfumery under the name of at-
WITH AYURVEDlC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
205
tificial musk. (Chopra's "I.D. of I." p. 426).
Adulteration of Musk and Their Tests jor Genuineness:-On ,account of the great demand and the difficulty of
obtaining it, musk is very frequently adulterated with inert
substances such as dried blood, liver, etc. Vegetable products
such as beans, wheat grains, barley grains, etc., are also mixed
with the commercial artiCle at" the time of preparing. As
musk quickly imparts its peculiar scent tl? other substances
with which it comes ~n contact, detection of adulteration from
smell becomes difficult.
Several methods are in vogue
amongst the Chinese and Tibetan dealers! which tJlOugh not
very scientific, are said to afford fairly good indications as to
the genui'neness of the article. Whenever any d()ubt exists,
a few grains are extracted trom the, pod and placed in water.
If these remain granular the musk is genuine! and if these
melt tlle musk is false or adulterated. Another test is to place
a few grains on a 'live piece of charcoal., If. these me1t and
bubble, the musk is pure; if they at once harden and become
cinder, it is adulterated. Genuine musk even when buried
does not chan!$e its odour, while impure or adulterated musk
gives out an entirely different smell. Adulterated musk can
also be detected by touch. Ge~1Uine musk is soft and adulteratd musk is stiff to the touch. An interesting popular test for
musk has been reported from the Punjab. A thread is passed
through asafoetida and then through the musk pod. If after
this, the smell of asafoetida remains, the musk is not genuine.
(From:-Chopra's' "I. D. of I." p. 425).
(1), (3) ~ (9)-ChQpra's "I.D. of L" p. 422; (2) &. (10)-p. 423;
(4), (5) & (14)-p. 424; (6), (7) & (8)~pp. 42~-425; (11), (12) & (15)'Pp. 427-428; (13), (16) & (19) pp. 429-430; (17), (19) to (25)-p. 431;
(26)-p. 432.
87 .. MOTACILLA MADERASPATENSIS, Gmclin.

(Eng.-Common Wagtail. Sans.-Khanjana. Ben.-Bond.na-cha.) Flesh is Iaxativ.e. and is benefic,iaI, in diseases originated from vitiated phlegm and bile.
THE INDIAN lVIATERIA MEDICA
206
88. MUS RATTUS

(Eng.-Mouse. Sans.jMushika. Hind.-Chua; Mush.
Ben.-Indur). Flesh is demulcent, cardiac stimulant and useful in worms and piles.
'
89. MUTILLA OCCIDENTALIS
(Sans.-Indravadhi.
Hind.':__Indrag;opa;
Bira.bavati.
Guj.-Chomasan? rata; makhamali kida) are insects of a
bright scarlet colour, and velvetty,.found)n the .commencement
of the rains. They are, very common in garden plants. The
dried specimens as found .Ill. the 'bazaar are of a saffron. colour.
In shape, they are nearly oblong less than! inch long. In the
form of powder or ashes they are a ne,rvine tOIll.c ~uJ.d antispasmodic and are used in paralysis. In coli~ they are given wtth
nutmeg. An ointment of them made with wax i~ a useful aplication to swollen feet and hands.
90.
MYLABRIS CHICORII, Fabr.

91. M. PUSTULATA
92. M. TRIANTHEMA
(N.O .;-Coleoptera).
(Eng.-Telini fly; Chinese Blistering fly; Mylabris beetle.

Hind.-Telenimakhi.
Ben.-Telinlpoka.
Duk.-'-Budhoki
zerangi. Mah.-Telni-mashi.
Tam.-Puis~Tarinai.
,Tel.EJaloo) is a blistering insect (beetle) about 1 inch long and i
inch broad. M. chicorii is found throughout Indi~ (northern)
especially, Kashmir, Gwalior, Hyderabad, and Deccan, China,
Southern Europe, South and Ea$t of Asia. "M. pustulata has
recently been collected" in fairly large quantities in fields of
cereals and vegetables in the neighbourhood of Bangalore"(Iyer & Guha). The best season for collecting these insects
is before sunrise and just before the setting~in of the monsoon.
They should be killed by., ammoni~, steam of boiling vinegar,
207
or sulphur dioxide or by heat, and thorol;gMy dried in the

sun and preserved in well-stoppered bottles. "Most of the cantharidin exists in the free state and only a very minute quantity is in combination as salts". "M. pustulata yields about 2.9
per cent cantharidin 11S compared to the maximum yield of
1.9 per cent from Chinese beetles; the yield from Chinese
beetles is eVEn less (1.2 p.c. apI?roximately}." The dried insect
is used in medicine; it contains a fatty acid 'cantharidin' 1 to
2 per cent. 'Cantharidin' is a colourless crystalline lactone derived origitiaJly from the dried Spanish 'beetles known as "Cantharis vesicatoria". "The bye-product ethyl~acetate cart be obtained from M. pustulata available in India in large quantities"
(Chopra), It,~ tincture (1 in 80) and liquor (1 in 10 of acetic
acid) qre uS,ed. Dos.e of the tincture is 5.to 10 minims. As a
vesicant it is very powerful and acts without pain and without
irritation of the urinary organs. It is very efficient substitute
as a, vesicant for the well-known Eur~pean qrug Cantharide:s
or Can,tharidin. Other blistering, fli~s exist in many parts of
India) and Mylabr.is pustulata (Eng,-Cantharides; IUnd.Teleni-ma.khi; .internally stimulant and diuretic; externally
a powerful and valuable counter-irrita,lft and vesicant), and
Mylabris inQ_ica etc., in the Peninsula. Telini fly or CanthaT\din contained 1n it is generally used in the form of plaster for
its cOllI1te:r:-irritant, rubeffcient and vesicant properties. Cantharidin is contained iq ;more than a dozen Western medicinal
prepara'tfonsJ most of which are meant for external appifcation.
Owing to its irrItating properties, internal administration. is
not common but ih small doses it has been often used, alone
or in combination, In such diseases as lupus cystitis, incontinence of urine, spermatorrhoea, etc. Its use as an ingredient
of hair-lotions, hair-oils and several other cosmetic preparations like pomades etc., appears to be getting inore and more
popular every y'ear. The plaster is prepared as follows:-Take
Telini fly finely powdered, white or black dammar, beeswax,
and suet (mutton of goat) of each two ounces; liquify'the three
latter with a gentle heat, then remove from the fire and sprInkle in the Telini; mix tlle whole thoroughly and continue to
stir the mixture while it IS a110wed to cool.
208
93.
MYTILUS MARGARITIl.<'ERUS
or Pinctac:la margaritifera
(qass:,-M<;>llusca)
Sans.-Mukta; Maracata; Muktikam. Eng.-Pearl. Arab.

-Loalao.
Pers.-Marwarid.
Ben.-Makta.
Hind. Guj.
lVlah. Ben. & Kon.___:Moti. Tam. Can. & Sinh.-Muttu.
Tel.-Mutiamu.
Source.-Found in general molluscs inhabiting ,shallow
seas and sand-banks.
Characters.-:..Pearl mussel has nearly a semi-circular
shell, greenish without and ornamented with the most beautiful nacre within. The nacre is, employed in: the arts and fine
pearls are produced from the extravasation of nacre.
Purification & Preparation.-Pearls are purified-(l) by
being boiled in the juice of the leaves of 8esbania aculeata or
of the flowers of Agati grahdiflora; then prepared for medicinal use by being calcined in "covered cruclbles and finally reduced to 'powder. (2) "Powdered pearl is to be rubbed with
the juice of Rumex vesicarius and then transferred inside a
lemon and stowed in a mass of paddy. At the end of a week
it is heated 'in a crucible and liquefied".-(Sir P: C. Ray's H. of
H. Ch., Vol. I, p. 103)'. Dose of the powder is 2 to 6 grains.
Action.-The power (ash) is highly stimulant, tonic and
aphrodisiac. Other medicinal virtues ascribed to pearl are
"laxative, sedatiVf~, emetic and nutritive." Pearl ash is chiefly
carbonate and OXide of lime and acts also as an antacid.
Uses.-The powder is used in heart-burn and, bilious affections. Mukta-bhasmfL is- useful in cough, phthisis and
asthma, ~iven tWice a day with honey. Its chief .pse is in low
fevers giving rise to burning: sensation in the eyes, palms and
soles, so common in India. It reduces the yello';':i~h ting~ in
the conjunctivae and in the urine due to low fever and checks
the burning during micturition. It. is also used as a cereb,ral
tonic in nervous diseases as chronic headache, epilepsy and
other convulsive attacks. It is used in piles also, in leucorrhoea and spermatorrhoe~ and ~rpP9tence. The powder is one
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNA:NI & HOME REMEDIES
209
.of the ingredients in numerous Indian preparations used for

impotence, heart disease, consumption etc.
Pittantaka rasa,
described in Rasendrasarasangraha contains it .tpgether with
.several other substances and is, a mt:>dicine useful in diseases
.supposed to, be caused by dercmge.d bile (pitta) such as dyspepsia, jaundice, biliousness, vomiting of bile etc. It is ma~e up
.of nutm~gs, mace, jatamansi root, root, of Aplota~is auriculata, talispatra, aconite" h:on pyrites, iron, talc, and re~lgar on~
part each, prepared pearls eqllal in quantity to an the above,
.ingredients beaten together into a paste with the aid pf water
and made into four-grain 'pills. Another Preparation containing peads and known as Vasantakusumakqra, r(lsa (See
"Corallium rebrum") is: given with sugar, honey anQ.. ghee in
urinary diseases, impotence, gleet, diabetes, consumption and
,general debility. This medicine is a valuable alterative tonic
ill chronic gonorrhoea and .spermatorrhoea and much
prescribed in these complaints in combination with an
extract calleCl KusavaL2ha.. Fm; consumption ,and othei'
chest diseases a compound preparation made up of prepared pearl and mercury taken in equal parts, triturated well
in honey and water and then the whole mass dried over a
sand bat.b. till all the wC\ter has evaporated is ,recommended and
given with sugar; the dose of the medicine is 1 to 3 grains. For
seminal weakness a compgund pill made up of Mukta bhasma,
Panitis succenifer (succinum) .2, Red coral bhasma .2, nuxvomica 6, Daronicum s.corpioides 15, Borneo camphor 1Q, cardamoms 15, Ciiinam:omum tamala 12, cloves 10, 'zande. bidastara (dried testIcles of the beaver) 10, dry ginger 12, long
pepper 10, musk 12 and sugar 50. parts, mix ,and make a pill
m"a:ss; the dose is' grains 10, to 15. Dava-ul-mulk is a confection
made up' of 29 ingredients, among which the important are
pearls, amber, .silk cO,coons, silver .leaves and. musk. It is a
nervine tonic giving strength to cardiaci muscles and to the
central nervous system. It is very useful in functional affections of the heart. Dose is i to i tola given twice a day with
milk. "This was given to 'a patient. sdreiing from neurasthenia in t tola doses. It did give tone to the nerves of the patient"- (Ind. Drugs Rept" ,Madras)" J avarish-i-lulu is another
preparation containing pearls, zedoary, Daronicum scorpiodes
14
210
and cinnamon each 2 parts, Aquilaria agallocha, cocoons of

silk moth, cardamoms, saff~on and cloves each 1 part, dried
testicles of the beaver and ~atarnansi each i part and honey
sufficient quantity, is used asl a tonic and. aphrodisiac, It is also
given to prevent abortion. DO'se is i to 1 drachm. In doses
of 1 to 2 drachms it is useful, iri paralysis, asthma, epilepsy and
impotence.
A compound powder'made up of Silajit; Loha
bhasrna and Moti bhasrna each. 2 parts, trikatu 3 parts and
triphala 4 parts, is used in :general Jebility, leucorrhoea, diabetes etc. Ancient Hindu alchemists used to prepare a powder of pearl compound 'with following constituents:-Pearl,
sulphur, powder of iron, copper and silver, all killed by being
roasted with sulphur.-,(Sir P. C. Ray).
94.
ORYCTOLAGUS CUNICULUS
(formerly Lepus ruficandatus, Geoff,) (RaJ>hit).
95. OS
SE~IAE
(internal shell of Sepia officianalis, Family:-Cephalopoda)

belo~ging to M.ollusca Class.
(Sans.-Samudrapheri:i. Eng.-Cuttle-fish bqne. Ger.Kuttelfishbeim.
Hind.-Darya-ka-kaf.
Pers.-Zuddulba-her kafdarya. Guj.
and
Mah.-Samudraphina.
Tarn.
and
Mal.-Kadal
noray.
Can,-SalJludranalig<:iY'
Tel.,_Sorupenka; Samudrapunuragu) is often found floating'
on sea-water. It is 1 to 3 inches in width and 5 to 10 inches
in length. The skeleton' is an oblong, elliptical or oval, flat
substance, of whitish colour, v.ery hard and brittle. H can be
easily scratched with the nails' and is highly pulve_risable. It,
contains calcium carbonate 80. to 85 per cent, ~lso phosphate.
and sulphate with silica. It is antacid like chalk; 'also ast.rin-gent and local sedative. When powdered it is used as a dusting
powder to relieve the pam of ear-ache or in qtorrhoea.
Its paste' made with lime-juice is usefully applied in itches:
and other skin diseasest also with rose water: to the pody iIl.,
..
..."
WITH Ay-mWEDIC, UNANI &. HOME :REMEDIES
. 211
prickly' heat The powder is an .ingredient of ~tboth-powders.

A medicated. 'oil prepared by boiling fine scraping of' the bone
in: sweet or.sesamurh 'oil is. useful for droP9ing into the ear in
oto:r:rhoea. A .thin paste" made of cuttle-fish bone and rocksalt in.:ros:e water .is a useful application. to the eye's in: conjunctivitis.
96. OSTREA EDULIS, Linn.
or O. gryphoides, Schl. (Common. Indian species)

,l$? O~ Vir~ini3Aa
(E;ng.:---:Go~on Oyster shell; bivalve shell. Fr.,-Nacre.
Ger.-Os.teon, Port,-Ostras. Hivd.-Sipi. 9u.j.-:K?lu) is a
sh.~ll, found in the Atlantic pnd Indian Ocean coasts. It, has
a sIllall, ho~lpw, <;lv.ate excavation. in which the: animal with a
soft, f1.~shy s,iQorb~~ular 1:>ody i~ enclosep, 'I'4~ shell h.as a sort
of .hinge .at, .on~ end an,d .opens into two valves; Qne shallow and
the other deep which is found adhering to the rock. _ The shell
is hard, externally grey or dark-brown and rough and marked
with lateral undulated streaks and internally white, smooth
and shining. It contains calcium carbonate 85 to 95 per cent,
phQsphate and sulphate of call.:!iurri and magnesium, oxide of
iron,. ?-luminq., and. sUica, The inner layer is chiefly used in pre..
paring. ,the ash, calleq Kalu bhasrna. The ashes a:r:e antacid and
alterative and used in cases of diarrhoea 9-nd: .chrQnic ,intestinal
disorders. Dose is 5 grains. The animal is supposed to possess aphroej.Jsiac propertiRs. an~ ,is. the_refore eaten raw or
cooked. A Jpast~ of the shell is used as an absorbent for the
same purposes as otheP shells~ Mother-of-pearl (Sans.-Jaladima. Ben.-Jala:sukti, Jhifmk) is another species of mollusc,
the snell of which :is .used for the same 'purposes as oyster
shell. Mukta-Sukti (Eng.-Pearl Oyster. Ben. & Hi'nd.Mukta~Jhinuk. Mah. Kon. & .Guj.-Motisimp) is another
kind of shell whi9h. p'roqw~es pearl. Medi9ipally its flesh is
"acrid, p_emulcent, excitive of digestive fi:r:e, palatable anQ_ beneficial 'In: phthisis" siaa ana diseases of heart"-(N. N. Sen
Gupta). The shell is: u'sed 'in medicine 'after pUrlfication and'
reduction. Its ashes (Sukti-hhasma} are oen'eficfal in su7a,
dyspepsia, abdominal tumours; liver .,md spleen enlargements,
212
THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA,
and loss of appetite. The lJime obtained by burning the hard

cover of it possesses the same properties as that of Suktibhasma, Jalasukti (Eng.-Oyster.
Beli.-Jhinak) is a kind of
I
aquatic, animaL Its :flesh is "acrid, demulcent" stomachic, digestive, cardiac, generative of 'the inclination for food and beneficial in abdominal tumours, sula and diseases of poison"~
(N. N. Sen Gupta).
97; OVIS ARIES
(N.O.-Ovis-F'ainily:--..:.Bovidae) .
(Sans.~Meiha. Eng.-Goat'. Hind. Ben. Duk. GuJ. &
,Mah.-Bhakra. Kon.-Bokodil. Tam. Can. etc.-AedJ) is ah
animal of ruminant and mammal class; covered with, thick
wooly hairs. The flesh of it .is "sweet', refrigeran~, heavy of
digestion, flatulent, nutritibus and excitive of' bile 'and phlegm"
-(N. N. Sen Gupta.). See also Aaeps L'anae and Sev'i1i:p.
Praeparatum.
98. OVIS VJ;GNEI, ~th.

(Eng.-Sheep. Sans.-Abika; Mesha .. Ben.-,-Bhe:rrl,. MesM1
Flesh is difficult to digest,.. excitive: ot bile anCl, phlegm. Urine
is stiniulant and benefidal in: lepr'osy', piles,' "sula"; dropsy,
oedema and gonorrhoea.
99. PALAEMON CURCINUS, or: P., Lar. Lhm.
(Eng.-Prawn. Sans.-Chingati. Ben ..,-Chingri). Flesh,
is difficult to digest, constipating, cardiac stimulant, phlegma:",
tlC; beneficial in obesity, bile and vitiated blood.
Highly eg.;
teemed with curry.
'"
100.
PASSER DOl\iESTICUS
(Eng.-House Sparrow. $ans. -'Chataka. Jiirui.-Chaburanja. Ben.-Char<:ti-pakhl.) .. Flesh is palatab,le, .r~friger.ant~

demulcent, cardiac stimulant and aphr:qdisiac.
.
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI &.HOME REMEDIES
213
101. PAV<) CRISTATUS, Linn.

(Eng.-Peacock. Sans.-Nilkantha. Hind'.-Mur. Ben.Maur: Bom.-IvIur. Tam.-Mail). Flesh is used for contracted limbs. Grease is used medicinally.
102.
PERDIX SYLVATICA
(Eng.-Common Indian Part~idge. Sans.-Krakara.

Hind.-Kayar. Ben.~Kaikati. Bot1i.-Kardhanka). Flesh is
cardiac stimulant; improves memory and digestlop, useful i:q
wind, bile and In eplstaxis.
103. PHALACROCORAX NIGER
(Eng.-Diver. Sans.-Val?1):aka. Ben.~P.ankauri). Flesh
is demulcent, difficu~t. to digest~ refriger.ant~ and a11eviativ~ of
"vayu".
104. PHASIANUS-See allus hankiva, .etc.
105.
PHYSETER MACROCEPHALUS-See Cetaceum.

106.
PINCTADA MARGARITIFERA, Linn.

See Mytilus margaritiferus.
107. PISCES
(Eng.-Flsh. Sans.-Matsya. Hind., & Ben.-Machchi.
Mah.-Masiee. Kon.-Maslee, Jhalk.ay. Tam. Can. & Mal.
Meenu) is an aquatic vertebrate animal with giils and fins
inhabIting the waters of oceans, rivers, lakes, wellsJ etc. In
Ayurveda different proper.tie~ h~ve been ascrIbed not only to
different fishes, but of the same fish living and growing in different w~te-rs. Fish 'from different so:urces are also recommended to 'be taken in different seasons as, fo11ows:-
Properties of Fish. from different sburces:--,(l) l1iver fish

is sweet to the taste, heavy of digestion, 'che~s Vaytt, deran"
ges p"itt~ .and blood, heating and increases :faecal'refuse (causes
214
bulky
pitia;
Pitta;
tion);
No.4;
THE INDIAN :MATERIA MEDICA
stool); (2) Shallow-water' fish is sW'eet but deranges

(3) Tank and Pond fish is palatable and. checks Vayu
(4) Large lake fish i,s difficult tq digest (heav:y of diges(5) Fish near ,spring~water is similar in properties to
(6) Well-water fish deranges Kapha.
Fi.sh from different sQurces tor be taken in different seasons:-.(l) Fish from wells-in ear;ly wL.'1ter. (2) Fish from
pond-in late winter:, (3) Fish from river-in Spring. (4)
Fish from pond a~d tarik-in Suinrner. {5) Fish from 1akesin Rains. (6) Fish near spring water-in Autumn.
Properties & Uses of dijJer.ent fishes:-Arlus arius,
Ham. & Buch. (Sqn$.-Ar;i-matsy:;J.. B~Il'.;-ATInach); flesh is
difficult to. digest, demulcent, cardiac stimuiant, improves memDry, wind and phlegm. Ban fish (Indian Eel) checks VayuPitta~ is light and appetising: Barbils sophore, Ham. & Buch.
(Eng.-Mahseer. Sans.-PrDshti. Ben.-Punti-machh). Flesh
is sweetish b.i,tt~rJ c.!em]lkent,. antiphlegm,atic, alle:viative of
vayu; beneficial in the diseases Df mDuth and thrDat. Boyal
fish (Scioenidus .Pa1P,a.-\Vhiting) is carnivDrq\l~, incr.e,a,ses
kapha, is s'trengHiening; induces) sleep, ihcreases pitta and
deranges blood; if continued for sometime it induces leprosy
and Dther; ,skill d.iseas,e.,s pf the: ,g~oup i(vid~ Hutchinson's fish
theDry Df leprosy) . " ~h,?tk~ fish lil~g sea-fish ,checks vayu-pitta
and increases kapha: CaLlichrous pabda. Ham. & Buch. (Eng.Butterfish. Sans.-Parbata. Ben.-P::tbda); flesh is demulcent,
cardiac, stimulant, and carminativ:~. Catla-catla, Ham. &
Buch. (Eng.-Telescqpe-fish. Sans.-Katala. Ben.-Katala);
Flesh IS stimulant, diffi'cult to. digest; beneficial in disturbances
of'the three humDurs. Carchardon carcharius, Linn. (Eng.White Shark), Oil is ,richer in iodine 2nd phDsphoru,s than codliver oil, but cDntains less, brDmine and sulphur; ..oil is ,a substItute for cod-liver oil. Hils~ fi.sh (InClian herring)., is. very sweet
to the taste, due to excess of fat: deranges Tridqsha. AnabeL!!
scandeonus. (E'l1g.-Climbing perch. Sans.-Kabayee.- Ben,_;
Kai or KDi. Hind.-Ka'Qai). "Flesh IS astringent, demuicent,
easily 'digestible, .sweet, sODthi'ng', appetiser; checks vayu, increases pitta- very' slightly;' cardiac stimulant. Clarias batrcichus, Linn. (Eng.'-Catfish; Magur. Sans;-Madgura)o. EJesIt
.'~
215
is demulcent and is used in diarrhoea; light and strengthe.ning,

checks vayu, incr~ases kapha slightly. Clupea ilisha, Ham. &
Buch. (Eng.-Sabli-fish. Sans.-Illisa. Hind.'"--Hilsa. Ben.Ilis). Flesh is demulcent, stomachic, bilious, phlegmatic aqd
.carminative. Mourola fish (Opio cephalus or Serpent-head)
is tissue-producing, vitali sing and, galactagogue. Mugil; planiceps, Cuv. & Val. (Sans.:-Bhokani. Ben;-Bhangan); fl~sh
is refrigerant, phlegmatic, difficult to digest. Nata or Gorai
fish is sweet, bitter, astringent, checks Tridosha, is appetiser,
light, strengthening and good in goitre. Punti fish-large
variety-is slightly bitter but sweet, cooling, appetising and
-checks pitta and lwpha; small variety-is very bitter, pungent,
very slightly sweet, light and checks vayukapha. Rahee or
Bahu fish (Labea rohu; or Labeo rohita, Ham. & .Buch.
(Sans.-Rohita. Hind.-lhhu. Ben.-Rui-machh. Ta.m.Eraminu) is the best of' all fresh water fishes; fl~sl:t, Is sweet
to the taste but slightly 'bitter, increa~es vitalitYl checks vaytL
but increases pitta. Flesh is astringent, slightly stimulant,
-difficult to digest, demulcent, cardiac stimulant, strengthening,
slightly' bilious, beneficial in vitiated wind. Its bile is laxative
and is useful in bilious remittent fever: 'Scomberomorus commersonii, Lacep. (Erig>-Seir fish. Hind.-Surmoyi. Tam.Konam). Used as a substitute for cod or shark oil. Shole
fish is astringent, sfi:ghtly,sweet and good to taste. Singhi fish
(Sacchobranchus fossilis, Bloch.); (Sanls.-Sringi. Ben.Singi). Flesh is demulcent, easily digestible, cardiac stimulant, aphrodisiac, galactagogue. Used in dropsy, jaundice, bile,
phlegm and wind; checks 'vayt, deranges kapha, is soothing,
bitter, astringent, light. and appetiser. rangra fish (Macrones
Tangra, another variety of Cat fish) stimulates brain, decreases
marrow, IS appetisirig and increases vayu-pitta. Fish egg's are
very vltalislng and soothmg1 tissue-repairer, llght, increases
kapha, increases marrow and strength ahd 'is good in urethral
discharges. Trichogaster fasciatus, Bl. Schn. (Eng.-Fish.
Sans.-Khalis. Ben.-Khalse). Flesh is astringent, constipating, produces wind and ,alleviative of 'c'sula-"~
Preparations from Fish:-(l) Sutki fish-dried in the sun

for preservation. It is difficult of digestion, constipating and
216
not strengthening. (2) Burnt fish-outer layer is burnt on

charcoal when the inner fle~h becomes more easily digestible,
good and strengthenmg. (3) Fish Spup is contra-indicated
after "Kaphal ' or "Vayu-K'p_pha" derangement causing diarrhoea. When indicated, th~ various fishes recommended are
smalL white fish like "Mourola" or black fish like "Singhi" ~
"Kai" or "Koi", or "Magur". (4) Fish-liver oil.
Analysis of some Fish:Percentage of
Nitrogen
Fat
Name of Fish
Rohu fish
Magur fish.
Kai fish.
Singhi fish
Ban fish
Tangra fish
17.5
18.9
23.6
24.56
17'.9
17.2
16.4
5.0
2.84
4.26
28.4
0.3'
Salt
2.361.80
2.99
2.7S
1.3
Fish, th~refore, contains les~ proteid generally than b~ef

or goat's meat. exce_l)t Kai. and Singhi (cat fish).
It is more
easily cooked amI easily digested except those which contain
muc.h fat, e.g., big ~ohu, HiLsa or Inliian Herring, Ban or Indian Eel, etc.-(Dr. Ashutosh Roy, "Jo.ur. of Ayur." March
1926).
108. PSITTACl,TLA KRAMERI, Scop.

(Family:-Psittacidae) .
(Eng.-Parrot; Sans.----,Sukha; Be~ ..,_Tia). Flesh- is easily

digestible, refrigerant, stomachic, car<iiac-stimulant an<i constipatingj benefi~ial in cough and phthisis.
-
109. PYTHON RETICULATUS

(Eng.-Gall-bladder).
Used medicinally.
WITH
AYIlR~J)IC, V.N~~I &
HOME REMEDIES
217-
110. RANA TIGRINA (F,rog) & llU,FO MELANOSTICUS

(toad).
(Sans.-Bheka. Ben.-Byang). Flesh is cardiac-stimu-lant, phlegmatic, slight bilious; alleviates thirst, gonorrhoea"
phthisis, leprosy and vomiting.
111.
REPTJLIA
(Eng.-Reptiles). Lizard; Serpent Poison; Gecko verticillatus, Laur; Mabuia carinata, Schneid; Varanus b,engalensis,
Daud, Varanus salvator; ~n these have been separately and
independently d,ealt with 'in their respective alphabetical'
order.
112. RHINOCEROS UNICORNIS, Linn.

(Eng.-Th e grea,t one-horned Rhinoceros; Salls.-Khargee.
Ben.-Gandar). F_Iesh is astringent, difficult to digest, nutritious and "ca:r:diac stimulant; alleviative of yomiting and epistaxis.
113.
SACCHARUM LACTIS (Milk-sugar)

See Lactose under "Lactus".
114. S'ANGUISUGA 'MEDICINALIS
(Th~
Speckled LeC(!h)
(See:-Hirudo Medicinalis.)
115. SCILLA SERRATA

(Eng.-Crab. Sdns.-Karkataka. Ben.-Kankra). Flesh
is antibillous, diuretic, loxative, haematinlc, cardiac stimulant and alleviative of Svayu'.
116.
SEPIA OfFICINALIS (Cuttle-fish)
(See:-Os Sepiae & Cephalopoda).
117. SERIPARIUM
(Eng.-Rennet or Rehnin;
See:-B.P.C.
Hind.-Paneermaya;
Pes).
118. SERPENT POISON

Sans.-Sarpavisha; Garala.
venom.
Eng.--Cobra-venom; Snake-
D .. C. butt says that It has been used in Hindu medicine

.since a very recent .period only. Because prescriptions containing it or references to it are found in modern works only,
such as Bhaishajya Ratnavali, Sarkaumudi, etc. '''Although
the venoms of other snakes are mentioned, the venoms of the
Indian cobra: and Indiah viper 'have been chiefly used."l
The poison oHhe' black cobra is colIected:-(1) by making
~'epfile bite on a piece of stick or wood when the po'ison is
poured out and received on a pIece of plantain leaf; (2) "by
forcing open the jaws and squeezing the glands into a sterile
petri dish or by making the reptile bite a petri dish with a
rubber mempr~pe .stret~hed over; ,it",2 It., i? preserved in
two ways. The' liquid poison is allowed to congeal and dry in
a cup or it is rubb~a with a fourth pa~t of mustard oil and
spread out on a piece of plantain leaf. Thus treated it rapidly
coagulates .into a: gr.aIiular" agghitinated mass. of 'a yellbwish:brown colour. When allowed to dry' spontaneously, "or under
,a bell jar in the sun or over concentrated sulphuric acid, serpent poison loses 50 to 7() per cent of water"3 and coagulates into shining, "crystalline yellowish-white granules, which
-can be ppwdered, "The dried venoll} retains <!-11 the properties
of the fresh venom".-I Cpbra Poison of "Inman Cob:r<!-s:Naja tripudians and Naja bungar1,.ts are, the tWQ f01;mid::j.ble
varieties out of the several met with in India. Naja naia ve~
tripudians species is distJ;ihuted throughout the whol~ of Southern Asia from the, _sQut~ (if the Caspian. Sea to sQ1.1tb. of China,
India and the Malay ArchipelagQ. Indian vip.ers:-Two poisonous snakes belonging to this group com~only occur in
India: (1) Daboia russellf ve~ elegans, fo}-md all over the
.o~
WITH AYURVEDIC; UNANI & HOME REMEDIES
219
plains, of In~ia, particularly in Ceylon, Siam, Burma, 'Rajputana & Bengal; Kulu and Kashmir valleys at an altitude of
.5,000 to 6,000 ft. though generally it is an inhabitant of plains
,and valleys up to 2,000/3,000 ft. (2) Echis carinata IS another
viper frequently met with in India-N.W.F. Province, Bahl-chistan, the Punjab, Sind, Rajputana, Central India and' some
parts of Madras and Ceylon".5 Of cobra poison, Dr. H. C.
,sen says "when ,fresh it is a clear trarisparent fluid, varYIng in
..colour from a yellow to a straw tint to complete colourlessness.
It has a faintly acid reaction; its consIstence' varies from that
.of water' to that of the white of an 'egg. Its specific gravity has
.a wide margin of 'Variation.
Speciihens taken from several
cobras and mixed gave a specific gravity of 1.058. It has a very
'bitter taste, 'which is chiefly perceived 'along the margin of the
'tongue,. and a faint sickly odour. Dab6a venom is', however,
-without this bitter taste. When cobra poison is evaporated,
..~ it loses fro~ 50 t9 75. per cent of_ w~te~; ~d a ,ye~owish ~~b
.stance" easIly pulverlsable, resemblmg gum arabIC or drIed
-gg' albumen, is left behind. This' (Ided sU:bstan~e' possesses
all the physiological properties of cobra 'poison, and it can be
kept ih this state for years. Chemically; analysed Jby'Dr. Armstrbn'g the snake poison is found to contain Carbon 45.76;
nitrogen 14.3; hydrogen 6.8; sulphur 2.5'. When kept in the
liquid state, cobra poison 'quickly' becomes, first neutraf and
then alkaline, and a few feathery and cubic crystals will form.
""When kept in hermetically sealed ampoules in a cool dark
place, it r1ains Its"pbtency for a 'long period".1i If preserved
in a loosely corked 'test-tube, it will become cloudy, smefl
-offensively and will swarm wiH! 'bact"eiia in: active movement;
but it will still remain poisonous. The alkalinity now 'lessens
.and the reaction again becomes acid and the fluid then coagulates inlo a firm -ihitish, opaque substance, soinewhat like the
-coagulated white' of an egg, but of a lemon colour. If a small
-quantity' of fluid is left uncbagulated it is' poisonous and the
washlngs of the coagulum are also 'po'isonous. When water is
added to the coagtifum aecompo~Hion ~ i!'apidly sets in, and the
-products 'canhOt' be qistlnguished from fh~se of any other
similar orga:I)ic body." The changes 'ire greatly dependent on
the physical conditions to which the poison is' subjected.
220
Coag).llation o~curred in some poison kept at. 29C. in 10 days.

whereas weeks were reqpired when the temperature was
20C. "Of all the stimulantt>" Dr. Sen states "the fresh venom
obtained from strong, young, black ,!obra is regarded as the:
most ppwerful, arid, its effects more lasting' than those of other
stimulants.
Physical, & Chemical Gharacterjti'cs.-The venom is.
composed Q variable ?mounts oJ proteins, albumoses" pig"..
ments, inUC;u~, epithelial debris, fatty matters, salts -like
chlori,d~s and ,phosphates of calcium, ammonia, and magnesium,"
an,alqgous to: the const,it1J.ents of normal 'saliva.
The chemical nature of ,the, venom, however, is yeryand uncertatp. It resembles protein ;in, its reactions;
since it can be precipitated w,iJh aleohol, tannint>, et<;,., and,
does not diffuse through the dial~sing ,rriembr9-ne. Armand
Gautier (1883) believed that the venom Gontains an alkaloid"
which could be separated out by 'Pulverising the venom with:
carbonate of soda and systematically extracting the mixture
with al<;oholic ether at ,50C., but other workers have not.
sl1cceeded in separa~ip.g any alkaloid. Mitchel and Reichert
(1884) showed that the cobra venom com;ists of 98 per cent
of albumin an9, only 2 p:er cept ,of globulin., Vipe:r; venom
on the other pand consists of nearly 25 per cent globulins.
vari?bl~
According to Martin and Smith (1892) the cobra venom

albumoses ,can be fractionated into hetero-alhLlmoses, 'proto-,
albunlOses and deutero-albumoses, but the a~bumins contained
in it are devoid of all toxic power. 1.\lany chemical suQstances.
like 1 per c,ent solution of potassium permanganate, gold chloride, chloride of lime ,and even hypo-chloride of.;;:alcium (1. ip.
12), chromic, acid, bromine water, 1 per cent, trichloride of
iodine, modify or delay the action o,~ ven.om. there has .beell.
much discussion rega~ding the ,nature of the toxic prin,ciple:
in the different venoms (l~W,2). According to, Faust H910-1911}
the ,chief. toxic substances in the cobra and rattle~sniike v,enoms'
are ,some non-nitrogenous 'principles.! Thes,e. are not ,gluco...
sides Rut otherwise res~mble savonins in their physical, che..:1- -
221
mical and pharmacological properties.

They are responsible
for its action on the central nervous system. Cobra venom can
.stand the temperature of 100C., for a short time. without losing all its activity. The toxicity of the cobra venom is not
modified by filtration through a porcelain candle, while that
of viper; venom is altered considerably. In this way the nondiffusible albuminoid coagulable at 82C., and diffusible noncoagulable albumose can be separated.
The :former which
produces haemorrhages has been ca:lled haemorrhagin and
the latter which acts on the. nerve cells of the respiratory centre has been called neurotoxin. Most of the colubrin and viperin snake poisons -contain the haemolytic principle. In general it rna:? .be said that the first effect of- the venom is to pro..duce agglutination of the erythrocytes followed by their solution after ,a variable interval, which depends on, the' kind of
snake and the potency of the venoin. The. 'agglutinating power' of: the venom -is destroyed at a tempe'rature, between 75 to
808 C.' maintained for 30 minutes.- Different venoins differ in
their haemolytIc powe:t:; Cobra venom is the most active in
thiS- respect and then follow' the, venoms of water moccassin,
copper head" rattle-snake in the ord0r harned. Variations in
,susceptibility to this reaction are present in different animals.
Dog's blood is most qu_ickly and ea!'ily haemolys'ed in high
dilutions, while the ox's ,corpuscles' are least susceptible. The
ititermediate animals are the sheep, g'.linea-plg-, pig and rabbit
etc. The variation, it is 'suggested, lS due to variation in the
lecithin content of the: 'blood. 'OX's blood can be haemoly1;ed
eveh :in very high dilutions of the venom iii the presence of 1'2--cithini The haemolytic power Df the! 'venom is only slightly e~
fected if the venom is expose'd to 10Qc. for 10 to 15 mihutes.
Acton &' 'Knowles (1913-14) 'have shown that most -of the
venom's consist of (a) haemorrhagin which has' the property of
destroying the endothelial cells lining the finer 'blood vessels
and of giving. rise to ecchymos'is and extravasation of blood,
.(b) a, ,cyto~ysin which dissolves both the r~d and white blood
corpuscles, 'and (c) a fibrin ferment which causes an intra and
extra-vascular. .clotting'lel'lding to pulmonary embolism arid
death from asphyxia and (d) -a neurotoxin which acts 'on the
.central .nervous system -as well as on the ner,ve endings.
222
The venom is Cil~o said to possess the power of destroying:

, the bactericidal prop~r,ties Qf:,the norclal blood sera. Welch &
Ewing (1894) explained that'the ra!,>d putrefaction which sets.
in in the animal~ after pQ_iso:(1ing w;ith, cobra 'IT,enom is due to
this, property., This ,reduction of the bacteriCidal power of
the normaJ ,Sera) is due to the. fix~tion of the :serum ,complement
qy the venom., The Venom has no action ,on the ,intermediary
body of the serum. C?lmet_te's: antiv~nin, has the. restraining
act~o:q upon the venom, haemQlysis aild, venom ,bacteriolysis.---'"
(Chopra'~ "1.p" of. ,1." pp. 44D-M2)j
Pharmacological Action of CO,bra Venom:-It w:as believed
that th~ acti,Q"Po .of the cobrq and viper venoms was the same
and that th~ 9.i;Vergenc.e of :symptoms noticed ill the, t:wo case's.
were only due to the ~liffe,rence in the degree of toxicity. It
WCiS suggested later that these, two venoms have. entirely different sea~s of action. Epsteip. (193Q) studied. the action of
the South Afric,a:q coqra, Naia, flav,a; (Naia vivea) and found
that it produced death by respiratory failure. The, venom alsohas a direct action on the, myoluntal:y muscles, lcontraction
being oJJQwed by r,elaxati,on. Chopra.&.Iswariah (1931) ,have
made a pharmacological study of the ,action :of the venom.
pf the Indian cob1:<1, Ndia, naia vel trfpudians. ,+he. M.L.D. of
the venom varies with the' species of. the animals; cats and rats.
are less, SJ,lsceptible; dogs, rabbits arld ,man are mOre, easily.
affected. When given intravenously the venom produces an,
immediate effect, the Cinimal dying within a few minutes .of
r,spiratory failure provided a large enough dose is given .. The
aqsorption is ,slower when the venom is given by the subcu:taneous, an_d intra-muscular routes, death taking, place in 4 to
24 h9urs. Th~ ve:qom ,is not ,absorbed at all, from the, gastrointestinal traGt or 9ther mucous membranes. The'venom has.
no effect on the activity of salivary, gastric and pancreatic sec,.
retiQns of man in vit.ro. It, slightly incr~ases the tone ,of the'
musculCJ.t4re 9f the gastro-intestinal tract iIi cats and -rabbitS'.
Injection:;; of sub-lethal doses of the venom prodl,lce a sqlall
b).lt persistent rise of blood pressure in 'experimental animals~,
'!}his ris,e is n'qt due to ,any stimulant ~ction on the accelerator'
mecha,ni,_sm of the. h~art_ or Jon the. myocardium. None ,of ,the-
.0"""
WITH A YURVEDIe, UNANI & HOME'REMEDIES
223
cpncentrations of the venom, however high or low, produce definite stimulation .of the heart especially when it is failing.
Very large doses appear t~ act directly on the heart producing
a marked depression and stoppage. The rise of blood press~re
appears to be associated with tlie stimulation of the vasomotor
centre in the medulla as it is absent in decerebrated animals.
The fall of blood pressure produced by large doses has been
shown to be due to paralysis of the vaso-motor centre. The
main action of the venom in lethal and sub-lethal doses on 'the
animals is on the .respiratory centre, the effect being one of
initial stimulation and final paralysis. The venom appears to,
have no effect on the motor end-plates in the diaphragm or
other respiratory muscles; Observations on animals show that
the venom produces initial stimulaticn of ,the 'higher parts of
the brain followed by paralysis. It has been shown by Chopra
& Chowhan (1931J that contrary to the general belief the
cobra venom has: a toxic action on lower organisms such as the
Paramoecium. caudatum.-(Chopra's "LD. of 1." pp. 442-443}.
:Pharmacologi~al Action of Daboia Venom:-The venom of
Russell's viper produces local abscesses, cellulitis or necrosis
of the tissue at the site of the bite. This marked local action
is due to large quantities (25 per cent) of the globulins. The
systemic effects are haemorrhagic effusions in the splanchnic
area and ascending paralysis of the ::entral nervous system.
The toxicity of the dahoia venom is ;reduced to one-third when
it is mixed with formaline and incubated for some time. It
digests ,fibrin on. Cl-~~Qu,n,t qf the Il~esence of fibrin. f~rrpent, trypsin. Lamb. found that viper yep9,m loses .its coagulati()n pow~r when i~ is heated to 75 to .80<;. The neurotoxic coagu,.
lant sub~tarit;:!=~ ,prese,nt in, it. can be precipitated. wt with
alcohol.
There has been a good deal 'of divergence of opinion regarding .the causes of death with.. VipEr' venom. Cunningham
(1894) reported that death in the animals bitten by Indian 'daboia .is. dqe to its direct action on the ,central nervous system.
Martin (1897) believed the ca,us.e of death to he intravascular
clotting. Later~ Lamb anel H;anna (;l~03). working' on th,e
Indian daboia also . showed that the death wp,s due' to extensive
intravascular clotting. The' minimum lethal dose for the rab'bit is found to be 0.26 m~m. per kilogram intravenously.
Fowls bitten by this' viper die within 30 seconds, dogs in 7
minutes and cats in about an hour;; the horses die in about 11!
hours. Acton and Knowle~ (1914) found the minimum lethal
dose to be 0.5 to 2.5 mgm. 'per 100 gms. of the wild rat, death
occurring in 8 to .14 hours. In rabbits and guinea-pigs 'when
lethal doses were given the, action was not so rapid as is the
case with cobra venom.
The action appears to be mainly
local, the venom 'being' fixed locally on account of the clotting
action Qf the blood. In case of wild rats', 8 to' 9 mgm. intraven'ously was fatal in 2 to 4 hours in a:J.imals weighing 700 gm:.
The animal at first showed restlessness, breathlessness and
then became dyspnoeic, asphyxial convulsions and 'paralysis
of the hind limbs following. The death occurs .owing to respiratory failure, the heart 'continuing to beat for some time
after the respirati9n stops.
Frogs' are least Isusceptible.
Chopra & Chowhan (1932) have shown that! the viper venom
unlike cobra venom has little or no action on the protozoal
organis)l1;;. In experimental an~mals the bl06d pressure falls
with a ;rise in the volumes of the s!?leen ana l.nte:;;fines and wIth
engorgement of the splanchnic blood vessels,; the heart dilates
at first aDd then stol?s in diastole. Thp. effect of the venom appears to be like. that of histamine. Saline-infusions and ad-.
renqlin~ injectiolls revive the animal by increasing the bloo.d
volume and constrictin& the systemic 'blood vessels.
The pharmocological action of the ven'om of 'Echis carinata
is similar to that of 'Indian daboia. It is marked by intense
local in1lammation, severe pain and gangrene- at the site of the
bite. Haemorrhages and sero-sanguinous effusions are found
in all the serous cavities-pleura, pericardium and
...- peritoneum'.
The blood pressure sh.ows an enormous fall, the reflexes are
reduced and finally the heart becomes 'very feeble and stops in
diastole.-(Chopra's 'II.D. of l}' p. 443).
Action.-It is said that the pathological effect of any given
venom on mali varies with the dose'injected, and that though
large doses may be lethal, small doses may produce beneficial
physiological effects.-(Chopra's/'I. D. of L" p. 444).
I
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI &.HOME-REMEDIES
225
Uses.-Different kinds of pills containing different proportions of snake venom are used in the collapse stage of fever, .
cholera and many other complaints from time immemorial.
Its use is advised with the fresh juice of sugarcane, by Susruta in the treatment of ascites. It is irritant to the bowels
and hepatic stimulant, so most of it is thrown out owing to its
purgative action. "Certain Classes of people in India take
.small doses of snake venom habitually by the mouth with the
idea that it protects them from the effects of poisons and diseases".7 It was known to the ancient Hindus that bile mitigates the action of snake-venom. This observation has been
verified by Prof. Fraser. In Hindu medical works, many prescriptions contain snake-venom ~nd, bile of different animals.
In some prescriptions arsenic is advised to be mixed with the
venom. This also mitigates its action. Whatever the modus
operandi may be "I am confident" Dr. Sen says "that snakevenom is a powerful stimulant if administered by the mouth.
I have shown Major Gibbons the beneficial effect of snakevenom treatment in many bad cases of plague. , Civil Hospital
Assistant Nrityalal Mookerjee, then Resident Medical Officer,
Cambell Hospital, would not probably have recovered if the
,snake-venom pills were not administered to him in heroic doses
as advised by Major Gibbons. Many men are living who have
recovered from plague after the administration of snake-venom
pills. Many of them feel the burning sensation even now, and
have to put cold water on their head to relieve the burning
.sensation. I think in cases of blood-poisoning like plague,
where red blood corpuscles undergo disintegration as in snakepoisoning, it is safer to use snake-venom by the mouth in
preference to hypodermic injectiom. Dr. Cunningham had
shown that snake-venom cause~ disintegrati~h of red blood corpuscles. Injection of snake-venom in plague cases should be
done very cautiously, for the treatment itself is capable of
addin~ fuel to the fire. I, therefore, prefer to use the venom,
mitigated with bile or arsenic, by the mouth".-(Dr. H. C. Sen).
Cobra venom is also said to afford a m:eans of diagnosing cancer-Formachidis Test. This test depends upon the'activation
by cobra venom of the haemolytic action of serum in the deviation of complement test, and the assertion is that the test oc15
I
226
curs only with the serum of persons suffering from malignant

disease.-(Chopra). , "Fresh
poison of the cobra is now . recom-..
I
mended in inoperable cancer on the basis of the experiments
carried out by Calmette and his disciples. 1I100th mouse-unit
is injected at first and the :dose then increased to 1I10th; 1 and
5 mouse-units, injected subcutaneously at intervals of 3-6 days,
gradually advancing to the proximity of the tumour. The sensation of tension due to the injection disappears immediately.
The growth of the tumour is arrested. In several cases complete cures are said to have been effected. My experience in
a case of lung tumour (Sarcoma?) was negative".-(Dr.
Madaus). In botulism cobra-venom injections have proved of
value. Snake-venoms have been recently used in the Weste'rn
medicine in the treatment of epilepsy, chorea, black-water
fever, haemophilia etc.-(Dr. Madaus).
As regards the action of snake venom on blood, whatever
its ratio to blood may be, it has been found from experiments
made by Dr. Cunningham that a unit of dried venom is capable \
of effecting at least 156,000 times its weight of blood to such
an extent as to interfere with its respiratory property to' a
fatal extent. Cobra venom not only affects the respiratory
property of blood, but likewise its coagulability, and at the
same time acts on the. red blood corpuscles as their solvenir.
Wonderful formulae containing snake-venom in different proportions are to be found in the Rasa Granthas or Works containing valuable prescriptions with rasa or mercury as one of
their ingredients. The following are some prescriptions containing snake-venom and their uses-(1) Suchikabharan~
Rasa.-Take of mercury, sulphur, oxide of lead, aconite and:
~obra venom 1 par'{ each, mix and soak in the bile of the following animals.-(a) rohu fish; (b) wild boar; (I;:) peacock; (d)
buffalo; (e) goat. The pills are made of the size of a mustard
see~. It is. g~ner~lly ad~inist:re~ \\'ith. the jui~e of ginge:.
ThIS preSCrIptIOn IS especIally mdlcated In low fevers comphcated with looseness of the bowels. The dose is that can be
taken up by the point of a needle. (2) Brihat Suchikabharam.
Ra:sa.-Take of mercury, sulphur, oxide of lead, reduced black
talc, aconite and cobrq venom ~qual parts. Soak as above in
227
the bile of .five animals. The pills are generally made of the
size of a mustard seed. These are generally administered with
cocoanut water. This prescription is very useful in all fevers
with brain complicatIons and tendency to cardiac failure; also
in cholera, choleraic' diarrhoea and obstinafe pneumonia.
Cocoanut water should be administered freely. Dahi and soft
rice are generally advised as diet, wen cooked meat may also
be given freely; there is no restriction about diet; the patient
may have aI_1y food according to his liking. Dr. Sen used to
give his patients plenty of sherbats (acidulated sugar solutions). To relieve the burning sensation he advised sesamum
oil or sesamum paste to be applied to the burning parts. He
says it is a mistake to be afraid of baths in these cases; overcautiousness often spoils the action of the medicine. (3)
Aghore Nrisingha Rasa.-Take of oxide of copper 1 part; reduced iron 1 part; oxide of tin 3 parts; prepared talc 4 parts;
swarna makshik (iron pyrites), mercury, sulphur, and manashila (red sulphide of arsenic) 1 part each; snake venom 4
parts; ginger, long pepper and black pepper, altogether 4 parts,
nuxvomica powder 22 parts, and aconite 88 parts; these are to
be soaked in the bile of the above animals, excepting that of
goat. Dr. Sen has used this preparation il). chronic malarial'
fevers. It was particularly useful in those cases where the
liver showed a tendency to cirrhosis. Cases of malarial fevers
which do not yield to th~'i combination of cinchona febrifuge
and arsenic are said to yield to this prescription. Often two
or three pills suffice to check a very obstinate fever. The patient may have any food to his liking. Baths are strongly ini:licated. (4) Ardhanariswar Rasa.-Take of mercury, sulphur,
aconite root and exsicated borax. Rub them together so long
as the powder does not become black. Put this inside the
mouth of a black cobra; use mud to close the mouth of the
cobra. Put this head of the cobra, covered with salt, in an
earthen vessel; cover this earthen pot and apply mild heat for
12 hours. When this vessel is cool, take out the medicine and
triturate it again. Two grains of this is used as snuff; when
introduced into the left nostril the fever of the left side is said
to disappear next day; when it is insufflated into tHe right nostril, this takes away fever from the right side of the body.
228
'. THE INDIAN MATERIA
MED~CA
Many,people believe in its efficacy. If tak~n internally it pro..

duces the same.. febrifuge rffect.. It appears that mild heat
through thick layers of salt: does not. oe:'ltroy the snake v~p.om.
(5) Kalallala Rasa.-Take ,of black cobra p'oison, sulphur,
white arsepic, aconite, bJack pepper, long pepper, ginger,
borax'mercury,
iron.and copper oxides
equal parts; soak them
,
.
in 'the five kinds oLbile as mentioned above, and make into onegrain pill with the juice of datura root. These are given in continued fever complicated with coma, delirium, cardiac and respiratory weakness etc. Dr. Sen further says that there are:
many other formulae containing different proportions of snakevenom;' Snake-venom is said to be inert if administered by
the' mouth. Itis;inert as regards producing fatal results, for
it is thrown out with the stools, because it is a stimulant to the
liver and glands of the alimentary tract'. He says that there are
hundreds' of cases where snake-venom treatment has produced
highly satisfactory results.
Shafa-ul-Imraz states that the
blood of a black snake (cobra?) is the best application over
the patches of leucoderma.
,
'
"In the treatment of epilepsy, the venom is given in doses

of 1/200 gr. by hypodermic injections, 3 to 5 such injections
being given at 8 days' interval, afterwards two more injections
of 1/75 gr. at 14 days' interval. If the symptoms do not dis-,
appear another dose of 1/25 gr. is recommended. The dose and
the interval of the administration had to be varied according
to the age of the patient and the nature of the injury. Fitzsimons (1929) pointed out that this method of treatment is not
f7ee from danger unless the venom is properly prepared by
skilled hands...-(Chopra).
Spangler (1925) used for non-specific therapy intramuscular injections of the protein of the venom of the rattle-snake
(crotafut) which contains a peptone and a globulin. He took
the degree of eosinopliilia produced as a gUide to dosMe and
frequency of administration oLthe proteins. Usually the highest rise in the percentage of eosinophils following venom protein injections in doses of 1/400 to 1150 gr. occurs by the second
or third day. In from 5 to 7 days after injection, the eosinophils will usually have droP"ped to 4 per c.ent or less, and the
.. 1-' -
WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME'REMEDIES
229
patient may be given another injection. The strength 'of the

dose is not increased if a given strength produces an increase
of 8 to 10 per cent eosinophils by the second or third day after
'an injection. By continuing the injections, the rise of eosinophils gradually becomes less, and finally does not exceed normal limits. The patient is then non-specifically desensitized.(Chopra).
Injections of venom of Viper a~is are also said to protect
animals against fixed virus of rabies. Experimental work by
Chopra and his co-workers has'shown that cobra-venom is
not absorbed from the gastro-intestinal tract. It is, therefore,
difficult to see how the venom given by the mouth can produce
the effects it is claimed to produce by the practitioners of indigenous medicine. Besides its irritant effect on the gut, it does
not appear to produce any other marked action. As regards
Hie stimulant action of the venom on the circulatory system,
it is clear from the experimental data obtained that cobravenom has no direct effect either on the myocardium or on the
accelerator nerves in the heart. It undoubtedly produces a
small but persistent rise of blood pressure probably on account
of its stimulant action on the vasomotor centre in the medulla
when it is given intravenously. This effect would not be produced when the drug is gi'l.en by the mouth. The margin between the stimulant and the paralytic dose of the venom on the
medullary centres is too small to warrant the ,use of the drug
by injection. There also appears to he no rational basis for its
use in the treatment of epilepsy, chorea, haemophilia, etc., for
'Yhich it is given by injection by the practitioners of the West-'
ern medicine~-(Chopra's "J.D. of J." pp. 444-445).
(1) to (6)-Chopra's "LD. of I." pp. 439-440,
(7) pp. 444.
119. SEVUM PRAEPARATUM
(N.O. :-Ovis. Family:-Ungulata).
Snake venom-see:-Serpent poison.
(Eng.-Prepared Suet. B.P., Arab.-Samin. Pers.-Paiyah.

Hind. Ben. Guj. Mah Duk. & Kon.-Charbi. Can.-
,
,230
;~ubbu.
Tam.-Kozhuppu, Tel.-Kovu) is the purified inter,nal fat of the abdomen of jthe sheep from round the kidneys.
It is prepared by cutting the fat in thin pieces, melting, straining and purifying or boiling in water and collecting the floating
fat. It is a white, smooth,i solid, unctuous mass, harder than
lard, of a bland taste without odour, becoming rancid by keeping. It is insoluble in water and cold alcohol; is freely soluble
in petroleum spirit. It contains stearin, palmitin and olein;
salts of oleic, margaric and stearic acids, with a common base
glycerin; also a trace of herein, some colouring matter, and
odorous principles. It is an ingredient base for cerates, ointments, plasters and liniments, which are used as emollient
dressings for blisters and as a protective for excoriated surfaces, chapped hands, cracks, fissures etc.
119A.
SNAKE VENOM
See:-Serpent Poison
120.
SPONGIA OFFICINALIS or SPONGILLA
(Eng.-Sponge.
Arab.-Ispanga.
Pers.-Aberamuradepa. Hind.-Badala; Mua~ Gttj.-Vadulun. Duk.-Badalun)
occurs as a light lump ,of porous nature, yellOWish-brown, soft,
elastic and irregularly shaped. It is collected by divers from
submerged rocks to which it adheres. When quite fresh, it is
covered with a gelatinous substance which must be removed
. to prevent putrefaation. Dry sponge consists of gelatine,
albumen and iodine. Its ashes are obtained by burning sponge
in a closed vessel. The ashes are used as deob?truent and astringent. Mixed with oil it is applied to swollen glands (goitre)
owing to its containing iodine. It is also given internally in
dysentery, diarrhoea and bowel complaints. Sponge is generally used for ab~rbing liquids, cleaning, washing, dilating ca-'
vities and for supporting prolapsed parts.
J'
'_'
231
121. SQUALUS CARCHARWS

(Eng.-White shark) is found on the sea-shores of Indian
coastal towns. The oil extracted from its liver is called'Oleum
Squalae (Eng.-Shark liver oil. Hind. etc.-Machhi-ka-tel.
Tam. etc.-Meenaennay). It is extracted by boiling fresh
livers in water. It is a fine, amber coloured oily liquid with
a fishy odour and taste like Cod liver oil but more strongly
marked and more disagreeable. Left for a time it deposits a
white granular substance "Stearin" to which the name of
Squalin has been applied. Dose is 1 to 4 drachms. It is richer
in iodine and phosphorous than Cod liver oil, but contains less
bromine and sulphur. As emulsion it is used in doses of 1 to
2 drachms three times daily as nutrient, demulcent and alterative, given in cachexia, pulmonary consumption, atrophy of
body from any cause, scrofulous affections of the joints and
bones especially rickets, scrofulous ophthalmia and scrofulous
abscesses, suppurating glands, ulcerations, discharges from the
nose or ears and skin diseases; in the mesenteric affections of
children with tumefied belly with loose and clavey stools, in
their obstinate constipations, in stricture of the rectum, in
chronic hydrocephalus,
in the
advanced stages of
and
spasmodic coughs such as whooping cough
other lung affections -and in cholera, epilepsy, neuralgia especially Tio Doulouroux, in chronic rheumatism causing
atrophy, in some form of paralysis and in leprosy. In all the
above cases the remedy should be persevered for weeks ,or
even longer. The best time tor administering the oil is immediately after or during a solid meal. Taken on an empty stomach it is almost sure to nauseate. Those who cannot retain
it at any other time will sometimes retain a dose if given the
last thing before going to bed. For disguising the nauseous
taste and preventing subsequent eructations, a good plan is to
take a few grains of common salt, both immediately before and
after a dose. As a vehicle a little omum water, or a little
orange wine, or quinine solution or lime juice or hot strong
coffee without milk have been recommended.
The vehicle
should not exceeGl a table-spoonful with, at first a teaspoonful
of the oil, gradually increased to a tablespoonful, so that the
232
whole may be swallowed. at a single draught. ,The diet during

the Course of the oil shou~d be plain and nutritious:-bread,
fresh meat roasted or boiled, poultry, game etc., with a fair
proportion of vegetables arid fruits and a moderate quantity of
liquids. All rich articles Of food as pastry, fat, meat, cream
etc., should be avoided. During its use the patient should be
as much a.s possible in the open air and take gentle exercise.
122. TACHARDIA LACCA

(N.O.:-Hemiptera; Family:-Coccidae).
(Eng.-Lacca. Sans.-Laksha. Ben.-Gala.

Tam.-Lakh). Used in haematemesis and caries.
Bom.
&
123. TURBINELLA RAPA or XANCHUS PYRUM
(Eng.-A kind of shell-fish) .-See "Gastropoda".
124. TURNIX m. tanki, Blyth., & Tumix dussumieri,
Zemm~,
(Eng.-Birds called Button-Quails. Sans.,-Laba. Hind.Lawa. Ben.-Baterpakhi. Tam.-Labuwapetta),. Flesh {s

astringent, demulcent, constipating and stomachic; beneficial
in disturbances of the three humours.
125. UNIVALVE-See Gastropoda.
126. URINE
(Sans.-Mutra. Hind.-Pesab) of various animals, viz: of

(1) Sheep; (2) Goat; (3) Cow; (4) She-buffalo; (5) Elephant;
(6) Camel; (7) Horse; (8), Ass; (9) Ox; (10) Human, are used
in medicine and their properties are described in Sanskrit
works. Of these cow's urine, which contains ammonia in a
concentrated form, is much used ,both internally and externally.
' I
233
Internally it is highly reco:rnIDended for cirrhosis of the liver

in doses of one to two ounces. It is also laxative and diuretic
and used in the preparation of various medicines such as
Punarnava mandura, Marichadya taila for enlargements of the
abdominal viscera, painful dyspepsia, ascites, anasarca, jaundice, leprosy, chronic prurigo and other obstinate skin diseases.
It is recommended by Chakradatta as a vehicle for castor oil
given as a purgative. In congestive fever with constipation,
chronic malaria, flushed face and headache, an ounce of fresh
and warm cow's urine is given as a domestic medicine. It is
used externally in the purification and roasting of various metals and in the preparation of oils, decoctions etc.
Goat's
urine is given internally as a laxative and diuretic; it is given
mixed with a compound decoction of J atamans root, dasamula.
etc., recommended by Susruta in the treatment of epilepsy.
Ancient Indian physicians advocated that consumptive patients
should sleep with goats and inhale the' ammonia given off from
their urinary excretions.-(Dr. C. Muthu, M.D.). It is also
used for fever and headache. Ox's urine (Sans:-Brishamutra) is "stomachic and alleviative of jaundice, worms, oedema
and diarrhoea". Horse's urine is )'bitter, stimulant, stomachic"
purgative, excitive of bile, alleviative of wind and beneficial
in phlegm, ringworm and intestinal worms".-(N. N. Sen
Gupta). Camel's urine is stimulant, bilious, cardiac stimulant and is useful in dropsy. Human urine is stimulant, stomachic, cardiac stimulant. Useful in wind, worms and skin
diseases.
127. V ARANUS
BENG~ENSIS,
Daud-Iquana.
(Eng.-Monitor. Hind.-Gosamp). Used in consumption.
128. VARANUS SALVATOR

(Eng.-Monitor.) Cures cutaneous disorders.
-234
129. VIVERRA ClVETTA; V. ZIBETHA; V. RASSE; Lin.

of ViverriW;te family
(Sans.-Gandha-marjara. Eng.-Civet Cat. Arab.-Gatt.
.
I
Bom. & Hmd.-Ladana; Zawad-bander. Ben.-Khatase;
Mach-bhander. Tam.-Punugu-runey. Tel.-Sawad-puney.
Mah. & Kon.-Punuga-majar. Can.-Punugina-Bekku) is a
small animal of the feline species found in Malabar, (India)
South Asia and Africa, resembling a cat, the semi-liquid, unctuous secretion of which is used in medicine. It is an odorous
secretion of musky perfume contained in the pouch of the
civet cat, situated between the anus and the genital organs. It
is a dark coloured lumpy mass resembling Rasavanthi in ap.pearance and consisting of a homogeneous extract mixed with
small hair, fibres and pieces of wood and ammonia. Its constituents are free ammonia, resin, fat, extractive matter and
volatile oils to which its odoriferous properties are due. It is
used medicinally in the form p extract, aromatic pastilles and
liniment; the dose of the extract is from 2 to 5 grains. The
usual tincture consists of 4 ounces of Civet to 1 gallon of alcoo:
noI. It is stimulant, aphrodisiac and antispasmodic given in
hysteria and nervous exhaustion. Formerly it was used as
an antispasmodic and stimulant, like musk.
Now it is mainly popularly used for perfumery, and in
-Oriental incenses.
130. XANCHUS PYRUM

See:-Turbinella rapa.
APPENDIX I.
Drugs, (officinal and non-officinal) according to Therapeutical
and Physiological Action.
N.B.-Non-vegetable drugs, and the like have been printed
in italics.
ABORTIFACIENTS:(See also:-Emmenagogues).
Abroma augusta.
Achyranthes aspera.
Aloe litoralis.
Anona squamosa.
Carica papaya.
Crotolaria juncea.
Daucus carota.
Ergot.
Euphrobia resinifera.
Ferula foetida.
Gossypium herbaceum.
Hydragyrum.
Luffa echinata.
Morinda citrifolia.
Moringa pterygosperma.
Nerium odorum.
Nigella sativa.
Peganum harmala.
Plumbago rosea, & zeylanica.
Plumeria acuminata.
Pyrethrum indicum.
Santalum album.
ACIDS:-See General Index
of synonyms, alkaloids, etc;
ADIPOGENOUS AGENTS:Convolvulous paniculata.
Desmodium triflorum.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Gymnema balasamicum &
lactiferum.
Leptademia spartium.
Tinospora cordifolia.
ALKALIES:Calcium salts.
Lithium salts.
Magn'esium salts.
Potassium salts.
Sodium salts.
ALKALOIDS:-Containing
plants. (A Few).
Aconitine (Aconitum ferox).
4tisin (Aconitum heterophyllum).
Berberine (Berberis aristata).
Brucine & Strychnine.
(Strychnos nuxvomica).
Cannabin (Cannabis indica).
Daturine (Datura fostuosa).
Hyosciyamine, Choline, Hyoscine & Scopolamine. (Hyoscyamus reticulatus).
Margosin (Azadirachta indica).
Nicotine (Nicotiana tabacum).
236
Nyctanthin (Nyctanthus
arbortristis).
Oleandrin (Nerium odorum)l

Pangamine (Pongamia glabra).
Piperine (Piper longum; IP.
nigrum, P. cubeba).
I
Thebaine, Morphine, Codeirie,
Narcotine, Papaverine
&
Landanine (Papaver somniferum).
Ricinine (Ricinus communis).
Vasicine (Adhatoda vasika).
Vernonin (Psoralea corylifolia).
ALTERATIVES:-
(These comprise some alterative tonics also)-(See also

Tonics).
Acorus calamus.
Adhatoda vasika.
Agave Americana.
Albizzia lebbek.
Ammonium chloride.
Aplotaxis auriculata.
Asclepias asthmatica & giganta.
Bauhinia variegata.
Bombax malabaricum.
Bdyonia epigrea.
Calotropis gigantea & procera.
Cassia tora.
Celastrus paniculata.
Cephalandra indica.
China smilax.
Cichorium intybus.
,
Cinnamomum glanduliferum, &
parthenoxylon.
Clerodendron inerme, & serratum.
Coccinea indica.
Cocculus cordifolia.
Echium, sp. of; Ehretia
buxifolia.
Embelia ribes.
Eclipta prostrata.
#
Euphorbia antiquorum. -:_;:;-
Fumaria officinalis.
Gynocardia odorata.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hydnocarpus inebrians.
Hydrargyrum and several of
its compound preparations.
Hydrocotyle asiatica.
Ichnocarpus frutescens.
Ipomrea digitata.
Lepidium sativum.
Melia azadirachta.
Mimosa pudica.
Myrica species.
Panax pseudo-ginseng.
Piper longum.
Plantago major.
Podophyllum emodi.
Pongamia glabra.
Smilax China, S. glabra, S.
lanceaefolia, S. ovalifolia.
Solanum dulcamara, jacqumi,
& nigrum.
Spermacosre hispida.
Sulphur.
Swertia chirata.
Taraxacum officinale.
Tribulus terrestris.
Uraria lagopoides.
Vernonia cinerea.
Vitex negundo.
Withimia somnifera..
ANAESTHETICS:-
Acacia fernesiana.
. Acor_us calamus.
Camphora officinarum.
Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Datura fastuosa._
Erythroxylon coca.~
Ferula asafoetida.
GYmnema sylvestre.
Helleborus niger.
Herpestis monniera.
J.lJJelia azedarach.
Nardostachys jatamansi.
APPENpICES
Berberis aristata.
Bombax malabaricum.
Calophyllum inophyllum.
Cedrus deodara.
ANALEPTICS: seeCurcuma longa.,
"Nutritives"; "Tonics".
Datura fastuosa.
:8ambusa arundinacea.
Feronia elephantum.
:Brerrhavia diffusa.
Freniculum vulgare.
Glycerrhiza glabr~.
cynodon dactylon.
Hyoscyamus niger.
Desmodiu'm triflorum.
Myrica sapida.
Emblica officinalis.
N auclea cadamba.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Nelumbium speciosum.
Glycine labialis.
Nymphrea lotus & stellata.
Gymnema aurantiacum, balsa- Papaver somniferum.
micum, lactiferum & spartum. Saraca indica.
Hemidesmus indica:
Semecarpus anacardium.
Saussurea lappa.
Mimusops elengi & hexandra; Shorea robusta.
Nymphaea lotus & pubescens. Typha angustifolia.
Phaseolus trilobus.
. Zingiber officinale.
Prunus amygdalus, communis,
dpmestica, padum, padus &
ANTACIDS:serotina.
Apamarga ksharam.
Terminalia chebula.
Churnodakam.
Yanda roxburghii.
Kadali ksharam.
Vitis vinifera.
Potassii carbonas.
Sarjaksharam.
ANAPHRODISIACS:-
237
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Saraca indica.
Agati grandiflora.
Colchicum' luteum.
Hyoscyamus niger.
Myrica nagi.
Nicotina tabacum.
Papaver somniferum.
Saussurea lappa.
......,.,
ANTHELMINTS OR
ANTHELMINTICS:-
(Antiparasitics; Insecticides &

Parasiticides;
Vernifuges;
Helminthics, & their Adjuvants) :
(Adjuvants are in Italics).
Acacia anthelmintic a or Albizzia anthelmintica.
ANODYNES: - (See also:- Achyranthes aspera.
Hypnotics; Narcotics, Sedat- Acorus calamus.
ives; Soporifics & Somnifa- Adhatoda vasika.
cients).
Aegle marmelos.
Agropyrum repens.
Amomum subulatum.
see
Albizzia anthelmintic a
Anisi fructus.
Acacia anthelmentica.
Aquilaria agallocha.
--_. ----------------238
Embelia ribes & "E. robusta.

Alkaloids
Allium cepa & saH"vum.
Enzymes.
Erythrina indica.
Aloe species.
Ferula asafoetida.
Alstonia scholaris.
Ficus laurifolia.
Ananas sativus.
I
Antimony, its compounds. & Garcinia pictoria.
potassium tartrate (tartar- Gardenia Campanulata & G.
gummifera) .
emetic) .
Gentian violet.
Areca catechu.
Arecoline (in areca or betel- Gisekia phainacecides.
Hagenia abyssinica - see:nut).
Aristolochia bracteata.
Brayera anthelmintica.
Artemisia, absinthium & brevi- Helicteres isora.
folia, & cina, & indica, & mari- Helleborus niger.
Holarrhena antidysenterica, &
tima.
Asclepias curassavica.
H. pubescens.
Hyoscyamus niger .
Azadirachta indica.
Iron & ammonium citrate.
Benincasa cerifera.
Brayera anthelmintica or Hage- J uglana regia.
Kaolin.
nia abyssinica.
Legnaria vulgaris.
Butea frondosa.
Cresalpinia bo:qduc.
Magnesium sulphate.
Calcium gluconate & C. lactate. Mallotus philippinensis.
Calotropis gigentea.
Mangifera indica.
Carica papaya.
Margosine.
Carum copticum.
:Melanorrhoea usitatissima.
Melia azadirachta.
Mineral oils.
Cassia tora.
Canthelminticum,
Chenopo- Monarda punctata.
dium ambrosioides, & C. Moringa pterygosperma.
botrys.
Mucuna pruriens.
Chrysanthemum cinerariae.
Nigella sativum.
Cinchona officinalis & its alka- Nyctanthus arbor-tristis.
Ocimum sanctum.
loids.
Cinnamomum camphora, C. Oleum cajuputi, O. eucalypti.
, _ Ophioxylon serpentinum.
zeylanicum.
Cltrullus colocynthis.
Organic acids, . their salts and
~sters.
~
.
Cleome viscosa.
Clerodendron infortunatum.
Papain.
Cocus nucifera.
Peganum harmala.
Colycopterus floribunda.
Picraena or Picrasma, excelsa.
Compounds of Mercury..
-see Quassia excelsa.
Costus speciosus.
Pimpinella anisum.
Croton tiglium.
Piper longum & nigrum.
Cucurbita maxima, & C. pepo.
Plantago ovata.
Curcuma longa.
S'
I Polyporus anthelminticus.
Pongamia glabra.
Dryopteris filix-mas .. ...,;~ ~
J
-APPENDICES
psoralia corylifolia.
ptychotis ajowan.
punica granatum.
pyrethrins..
pyrethrum indicum.
Quassia excelsa.
Quisqualis indica.
Rhamnus cathartica.
Ricinis communis (oil).
Ruta graveolens.
Salvadora persica.
239
Citrus aurantium and vulgaris.

Cocculus cordifolia & villosus.
Eriodendron aneractuosum.
Eugenia jambolana.
Picus Benphalensis & glomerata.
Gymnema sylvestre.
Lodoices seychellaram.
Mica (bhasmam).
ANTIDOTES:Sassafras venifolium.
Achyranthes aspera.
Semicarpus anacardium.
Semi refined or unrefined plant Albizzia lebbek.
Aristolochia indica.
products.
.
Bragantia wallichii.
Simgrulla officinalis & S.
Cordia myxa.
Amara, & glauca.
Curcuma longa.
Sodium sulphate.
Dremia extensa.
Styrax benzoin.
Eupatorium ayapana.
Tanacetum vulgara.
Euphorbia neriifolia.
Terminalia belerica.
Gymnema sylvestre.
Thymus vulgaris.
Ichncarpus frutescens.
Trachyspermum ammi.
Leucas aspera.
Tribulus terrestris:
Notonia corymbosa.
Vernonia anthelmintica.
Ophiorrhiza munghos.
Vitex negundo.
Ophioxylon serpentinum.
Pterocarpus santalinus.
ANTIBILIARY:Rubia cordifolia.
ANTIBIOTICS:-Refer to se Salvadora wightiana.
veral modem synthetic drugs Strychnos columbrina, & s.
potatorum.
and preparations.
Trichodesma indicum.
ANTICOAGULANTS: - Cit- Vitex negundo.
rates, Heparin. Hirudin.
Andrographis paniculata.
ANTIDYSENTERICS:Phyllanthus emblica.
Holarrhena antidysenterica.
Picrorrhiza Kurroa.
Trichosanthes dioica.
ANTIEMETICS:Vitis vinifera.
Andropogon muricatum.
ANTIDIABETICS:Citrus medica.
Cynodon dactylon.
Aconitum ferox.
Erythroxylon coca (cocaine).
Asphaltum.
Cassia auriculata, fistula and Eugenia jambolana.
Hordeum vulgare.
sophora.
Santonin.
-~
.240
Mangifera indica.
Melia Azedarach.
Myrtus caryophyllus.
Punicum granatum.
'Strychnos nuxvomica.
Zizyphus jujuba.
ANTlGALACTAGOGUES:
-Cedrus deodara.
Cyperul'l rotundus.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Picrorrhiza Kurroa.
Stephania hernandifolia.
Zingiber officinale.
ANTIMALARIAL:
(Or ANTlMALARINAL).
Allium sativum.
Andrographis pa:hiculata.
.Berberis aristata.
Caletropis gigantea. .
Cinchona calisaya & C. ledgeriuna, C. officinalis, C. succirubra, etc.
Eclipta erecta.
Picrorrhiza kurrooa. ,
Piper nigrum.
Vitex negundo.
ANTlPARASITlCS~-See
also
Vermicides; Paraciticides; Anthelmintics.
Acacia catechu.
Achyranthus sativum.
Acorus calamus.
Albizzia lebbek.
Allium aspera/
Alstonia scholaris.
Amomum subulatum.
Andropogon citratis.
Anona squamosa.
Anthemis nobilis.
, --
Antimony sulphide.
Argemone Mexicana.
Arsenous bisulphuret & trisulphuret.
Baliospermum montanum.
Balsamodendron pubescens.
Berberis aristata.
Bryophyllum calycinum.
Carum copticum.
Cassia alata, tora, sophora,
fistula.
.
Cedrus deodara.
Cinnamomum cassia.
Cleome visco sa.
Cocculus suberosus & cordifolia.
Copper sulphate.
Coriandrum sativum.
Curcuma longa.
Cyperus rotundus .
Datura fastuosa.
I Embelia ribes.
. Emblica officinalis.
Erythrina indica.
Ferri sulphas.
Ficus benjamina & glomerata.'
Gardenia gummifera.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Indigofera tintoria.
I pomrea turpethum.
J asminum grandiflorum.
Jatropha curcas.
J usticia adhatoda. '
Kalanchoe lach~iata.
Luffa amara.
Mallotus philippinensis.
Melia azedarach. .
Moringa pterygosPerma.
Myrica sapida. .
Nerium odorum.
Nicotina ta:bacum.
Ocimum basilicum.
APPENDICES
241
Eucaliptus globulus.
Eurycoma longifolia.
Fagrre fragrans.
Ficus oppositifolia.
Geniosporum prostratum. .
Hedysarum gangeticum.
Helleborus niger.
Hemidesmus indica.
Hydrargyri sulphidum rttbrum.
Hymenodictyon excelsum.
J usticia gendarussa.
Melia azadirachta.
Michelia champaca.
N auclea ovalifolia.
Ocimum sanctum.
Oldenlandia herbacea.
Papaver somniferum.
Picrorhiza kurrrea.
Piper nigrum.
Plumbago zeylanica.
ANTIPERIODICS &
Putranjiva roxburghii.
FEBRIFUGES:-See also
'Quinine'.
Antiseptics) .
Roylea elegans.
Salix tetrasperma.
Aconitum heterophillum.
Soymida febrifuga.
Acorus calamus.
Strychnos nux-vomica, & S.
Adansonia digitata.
colubrina.
Alstonia constricta scholaris & Sulphur.
A.
Swertia Chirata.
Thevetia neriifolia.
Aristolochia indica, & A. brac- Tinospora cordifolia.
teata.
Toddalia aculiata.
Azasiracta indica.
Trichosanthes cucumerina, &
Berberis aristata; B. asiatica;
dioica.
B.lycium.
Vernonia cinerea.
'Cresalpinia bonducella, & C. Viola odorata:
coriaria.
Vitex negundo.
oCedrela toona.
Clerodendron inerme & C.
ANTIPHLOGISTICS:infortunatum.
Cocculus Cordifolia.
Aloe litoralis.
Coptis teeta.
Berberis aristata.
'Corydalis govaniana.
Datura fastuosa.
'Coscinum fenestratulll.
Hibiscus populnea.
Dremi!l extensa.
Nerium Odorum.
Piper cubeb a, P. longum, & P.
nigrum.
pongamia glabra.
pterocarpus santalinus.
punica granatum.
Quassia excelsa.
Randia dum~torium.
Ricinus communis.
Salvadora persica.
SauSsurea lappa & auriculata.
Semicarpus anacardium.
Shorea robusta.
Sinapis alba.
Sulphur.
Symplocos racemosa.
Taraktogenos kurzii.
Terminalia arjuna & chebula.
Vateria indica.
Withania somnifera.
Zanthoxylum budrunga.
16
242
ANTIRHEUMATICS &
ANTISPASMODICS:-
Santalum album.
Tabernremontana coronaria.
I
ANTIPYRETICS: See also:- Acorus calamus.

(Anti-periodiCs, Antiseptics):- Andrographis paniculata.
Aconitum ferox, A. heterophyl- Argyrea speciosa.
Balsamodendron mukuL
lum, A. napellus.
Brassica nigra.
Alhagi maurorum.
Cresalpina bonducella.
Alstonia scholaris.
Carthamus tinctorius.
Azasirachta indica.
Datura fastuosa.
Berberis a;istata.
Cinchona succirubra & C. offici- Dodonrea viscosa.
Elettaria cardamomum.
nalis (see cortex).
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Cissampelos pareira.
Gymnema balsamicum.
Hedysarum gangeticum.
Coriandrum sativum.
Hyoscyamus niger.
Coscinum fenestratum.
Linum usitatissimum.
Dremia extensa.
'Dashamula roots'.
Desmodium gangeticum.
Oroxylum indicum.
Prederia fcetida.
Grewia asiatica.
Phyllanthus emblica.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Hydrargyri Sulphidum
Ricinus communis.
Rubrum.
Santalum album.
Melia azedarach.
Semecarpus anacardiu;m.
Melia azadirachta.
Sesamum indicum.
Nyctanthes arbortristis.
Sida cordifolia.
Ocimum sanctum.
Solanum indicum & xanthocarOldenlandia herbacea.
pum.
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Sphreranthus
indicus.
Piper nigrum.
Tabernremontana
coronaria.
Prunus padus.
Uraria lagopoides.
'Quinine'.
Vanda
roxburghii.
Rubia cordifolia.
Vitex negundo:<
Salvadora persica.
Vitis vinifera. ,.
Santalum album.
Swertia chirata.
ANTISCORBUTICS:Terminalia chebula & belerica.
Aegle marmelos.
Carica papaya.
Vermonia cinerea.
Citrus acid a, & C. bergamia.
Viola odorata.
Feronia
elephantum.
Vitex negundo.
}
APPENDICES
Lycopersicum esculentum.
Mangifera indica.
Musa sapientum.
pyrusmalus.
Tamarindus indica.
ANTISEPTICS: (See also "Disinfectants", Germicides, "Vermicides". See:-"Dyspepsia &
Indigestion" in the Index of
Diseases & their ~emedies.
243
Melia azedarach.
Melia azadirachta.
Mimosa pudica.
Momordica charantia.
Nigella sativa.
Nymphrea stellata.
Oleum chaulmoogrre.
Oleum hydnocarpi.
Piper cubeba.-+
Pix liquida (tar stockholm.Tar distilled from pine of
various kinds).
Plumbago zeylanica.
Pongamia glabra.
Potassii chloras.
Randia dumetorium.
Rock salt.
Rubia cordifolia.
Saccharum purificatum.
Santalum album.
Sodium borate (Borax) .-+
Stercospermum suaveolens.
Swertia chirata.
Terminalia chebula & belerica.
Tribulus terrestris.-'-+
W oodfordia floribunda.
* Intestinal.
+ Urinary
antiseptics.
Acacia catechu.
Acidum sulphurosum
Allium salivum *
Aloe literalis.
Alstonia scholaris.
Andropogon muricatus-+
Antimony sulphide
Asparagus racemosus.
Barleria prionitis.
Berberis aristata-+
Bombax malabaricum.
Cresalpinia sappan.
Calophyllp.m inophyllum.
Carum copticum.
Caryophullus aromaticus.
Cassia fistula.
Cera jtava.
ANTISPASMODICS:
Cinnamomum camphora. *
See "Antirheumatics".
Cocculus cordi:folia.
Cupri sulphas.
Curcuma longa, & C. zedoaria.
Abies webbiana.
Adhatoda vasica.
Allium sativum.
Ferula fcetida. *
Alpinia officinarum.
Flacourtia ramontchi.
Andropogon citratum.
Ghee.
, Aplotaxis auriculata.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Artemisia indica.
Gymnema sylvestre.
Balsamodendron mukul.
Blumea balsamIfera.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Borax.
Hyoscyamus niger. *
Calotropis gigenta.
Ipomrea digitata.-+
Mel depuratum.
Cannabis indica; C. sativa.
Carum (Ptychotis) ajowan, &:

C. copticum.
.
Castoreum.
Chenopodium ambrosiodes.
Cinnamomum camphora, &. C.
zeylanicum.
Clerodendron siphonanthus.
Crocus sativus.
Datura alba. & D. fastuosa.
Dracontium polyphyllum.
Erythroxylum coca.
Euphorbia neriifolia.
Feruia asafoetida.
Gardenia gummifera, & G.
lucida.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla.
Hyoscyamus insanus, & H.
Niger.
Justicia adhatoda.
Lobelia nicotianrefolia.
Moschus moschiferus.
Nardostach~s jatamansi.
Nicotiana tabacum.
Papaver somniferum.
Pinus webbiana.
Potassii Nitras. .
Saussurea lappa.
Sodii biboras.
Stannum.
Styrax benzoin.
Valeriana hardwickii.
Viverra zibetha.
Zinci oxidum
Piper nigrum.
Smilax china.,
Sulphur.
APERIENTS:See PURGATIVES
APHRODISIACS:-
Aconthopodium hirtum.
Acorus calamus.
Allium sativum.
Alpinia galanga.
Amorphophallus campanulatus.
Anacardium occidentale.
Areca catechu.
Arsenic. *
Asparagus
adscendens,
A.
gonocladus, A. sarmentosus,
& racemosus"
Aurum. *
Bambusa arundinacea (bamboo
manna).
Bassia latifolia.
Batatas paniculate.
Belladonna (atropine) .. *
Bombax malabaricum.
Cannibus indica, & sativa. *
Cantharides. *
Castoreum.
Celestrus paniculatus.
ANTISYPHILICS:'Cinchona'. *
Cinnamomum camphora.
Acacia catechu.
Conium maculat\,lm. *
Antimonium.
Crocus sativus.
Arsenum.
Curculigo ensifolia & orchiBalsamodendron mukul.
oides.
Calotropis gigantea.
Cynodon dactylon.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Dolychos pruriens.
Hydnocarpus wightiana.
, Echinops echinatus.
Hydrargyri sulphidum 'Rubrum 'Ergot'. *
Hydrargyrum..
~
Erythroxylum coca. *
Pinus. deodara-.
Eulophia campestris & vera.
APPENDICES
Ferula asafcetida.
Ferrum.
Gaultheria procumbens. *
Ghee.
.
Glycine labialis.
Glycy'rrhiza glabra.
Gossipium indicum.
Gymnema balsamicum & lacti-'
ferum.
Hamamelis virginiana. *
Hemidesmus indicus.
Herpestis monniera.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Ipomcea digitata.
J uglans regia.
Lepidium sativum.
Leptademia spartum.
Mel depuratum.
Mimusops hexandra.
Mucuna pruriens, M. prurita.
Mutella occidentalis.
Myristica fragrans, & officinalis.
N erum odoratum.
Orchis mascula; O. latifolia.
Papaver somniferum. *
Pedalium murex.
Petrosalium sativum. (active
principle, 'ApioI') *
Phaseolus radiatus & roxburghii.
Phosphorus. *
Piper betle.
Pistacia khinjuk.
Pyrethrum indicum radix.
Rhus succedania.
Saussurea lappa.
Shorea robusta.
Sida cordifolia.
Sinapis juncea.
Smilax chinen sis.
Solanum indicum.
Stannum (bhasma)
Strychnia. * (Strychnos nuxvomica).
245
Tamarix articulata, & orientaliso

Terminalia chebula.
Tricholepsis glaberrima.
Trigo\lella fcenum-grrecum.
Vanga bhasma.
Vitis vinifera.
Withania somnifera.
* Internal.
APPETlSiERS:See:-Canninatives.
Abies webbiana.
Coriandrum sativum.
Nigella sativa.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Punica granatum.
Aromatics:-(See also
"Ft:agrants". )
Abies webbiana.
Acorus calamus.
Carum copticum.
Coriandrum sativum.
Cuminum cyminum.
Curcuma longa; & C. zedoaria.
Cyperus rotundus.
Mesua ferrea.
Myristica fragrans.
N ardostachys jatamansi.
Piper cubeba.
ASTRINGENTS:-See aJso:" Astringent tonics" under

'Tonics'.
Acacia arabica, & A. catechu.
Acidum tannicum (tannic acid)
Aconitum heterophyllum.
246
THE: I:NDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
Acorus calamus.
Aegle marmelos. .
Ailanthus mala~arlca.
Alstonia scholans.
Alumen .
Aplotaxis duriculata.
Areca catechu.
Bassia latifolia.
Bauhinia variegata.
Blumea balsamifera & densiflora.
Bombax malabaricum.
Borax.
Butea frondosa.
Cresalpinia coriaria & C.
sappan.
Careya arborea.
Cassia auriculata.
Casuarina muricata.
Cinnamomum Cassia, C. zeylanicum.
Coccus lac ca.
Copper sulphate.
Cordia angustifolia.
Cynodon dactylon.
Cyperus rotundus.
Diospyros embryopteris.
Elephantopus scaber.
Eucalyptus resinifera.
Eugenia jambolana.
Feronia elephantum.
Ferri su!phuretum.
Ficus Bengalensis, & glomerata,
& religiosa.
. Garcinia mangostana.
Gossypium indicum.
Grislea tomentosa.
Hamamelis virginiana.
Helicteres isora, & ~. pubescens.
Heliotropium indicum.
Holarrhena antidysenterica ..
Ipomcea digitata.
Ixora coccinea.
Jasminum grandiflorum.
J uglans regia.
..
....
'~
'_
Krameria triandra.
Lawsonia alba.
Lycopodium imbricatum.
Mangifera indica.
Mel depul'atum.
Memecylon edule.
Menispermum glabrum.
Mesua ferrea.
Mimosa pudica.
Mimusops elengi.
Morinda citrifolia.
Myrica nagi, & M. sapinda.
Myristica fragrans.
N elumbium speciosum.
Odina wodier.
Panicum italicum.
Papaver somniferum.
Pistacia Khinjuk.
Plumbum salts.
Psidium guy ava, & pomiferum.
Punic a granatum.
Pyrethrum radix.
Quercus infectoria.
Rhus coriaria, & R. Succedanea.
Rottlera tinctoria.
Rumex crispus.
Santalum album.
Saraca indica.
Sesbania grandiflora.
Shorea robufita.
Spondias mangifera.
Strychnos potatorum.
Sulphuret of antimony.
Symplocos racemosa.
Syzigium jambolanum.
Tamarindus indica.
Tamarix gallica, &'<T. orientalis.
Terminalia arjuna; belerica, &
chebulax tomentosa.
Uncaria gambier.
Urlica dioica.
Viburnum foetidum.
Wrightia antidysenterica.
Zin.cum saUs.
APPENDICES
BITTERS & BITTER TONICS:

(See Stomachics, and "Canninatives").
Ailanthus excelsa.
Alstonia scholaris.
Andrographis puniculata.
Aristolochia indica, & A.
reticulata.
Berberis aristata.
Brerhavia diffusa.
Cresalpinia bonduc.
Calamus rotung.
Cardiospermum halicabum.
Citrus aurantium, var sinensis,
& C. limonia.
Cocculus cordifolius.
Corchorus capsularis, & C.
trilocularis.
Gentiana kurroa, & G. lutea.
Jateorhiza calumba, & J. palmata.
Luffa amara.
Melia azardirachta.
Momordica charantia.
Ophiorrhiza mungos.
Picrrena excelsa.
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Quassis excelsa.
Sphreranthus hirtus & indicus.
Swertia chirata.
Yanda Roxburghii.
BLOOD PURIF1ERS:Abies webbiana.
Acacia catechu.
Adhatoda vasica.
Bambusa arundinacea.
Berberis aristata.
Cinnomomum camphora.
Coccus lacca.
247
Curcuma longa.
Ferri sulphas.
..
Hemidesmus indicus.
Melia azadirachta.
Piper nigrum.
Psoralea corylifolia.
Pterocarpus santalinum.
'Rubia cordifolia.
Sulphur
Vitis vinifera.
Withania somnifera.
BRONcmAL ANTISPASMODICS: - See "EXPECTORANTS".
CARDIAC TONICS:See "TONICS".
CARMINATIVES: (including
flavouring agents, which are in
italics). See: - " Stomachics";
"appetisers" & (aromatic stimulants").
Abies webbiana.
Acorus calamus.
Alpinia nutans & species.
Amomum aromaticum, A.
xanthiodes.
Andropogon citratum, nardus,
martini, & muricatus.
Anethum gniveolens; & A.
sowa.
Anisomeles malabarica.
Anthemis nobilis.
Acquilaria: agallocha.
Artemisia indica.
Blumea balsamifera.
Boswellia serrata.
Calophyllum in.ophyllum.
Capsicum frutescens, C. minimum.
248
Carum (Ptychotis) ajowan; C.

(Ptychotis) roxburghianum;
Carum Carvi & C. opticum~.
Cassia species.
Cedrus deodara.
Chavica betle; C. officinarum;
C. roxburghii.
Chrysanthemum roxburghii.
Cinnamomum cassia, eucalyptoides, C. Iners, malabaricum, tamala, & zeylanicum.
Citrus limon.
Coleus aromaticus.
Coriandum sativum.
Cratreva niligiosa.
Crocus sativus.
Cuminum cyminum.
Curcuma amada, aromatica,
longa & zedoaria.
Cyperus pertinuis.
Embelia ribes.
Eugenia caryophyllata.
Eupatorium ayapana.
Feronia elephantum.
Ferula asafoetida.
Foeniculum, capillaceum, F.
panmorium, & F. vulgare.
Grewia asiatica.
Hedychium spicatum.
Hyssopus officinalis.
Illicium verum.
Kaempfera galanga & K.
rotunda.
Lavendula officinalis.
Liquidambar orientalis.
Melaleuca leucadendron.
Mel depuratum.
Melia azadirachta.
Mentha piperita.
Mesua ferrea.
Micromeria capitellata.
Mimusops indica.
Murayya . (Bergera) Konigii.
Myrica sapida.
Myristica fragrans, M. malabarica, & M. officinalis.
Nardostachys jetamansi.
Nigella indica, & sativa.
Origanum marjorana.
Peucedanurrt graveolens.
Pimpinella anisum.
Pinus deodara, & P. longifolia.
Piper cubeba, & P. nigrum; P.
longum; P. betle, & aurantiacum.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Ptychotis ajowan.
Punica granatum.
Rock salt.
Rumex vesicarius.
Saussurea lappa.
Semecarpus ana cardium.
Shore a robusta.
Sida cordifolia.
Solanum jacquini.
Tamarindus indica.
Tectona grandis.
Terminalia chebula, & belerica.
Trigonella frenum-grrecum.
Withania (Punceria) coagulans, W. (Physalis) somnifera.
Zanthoxylum alatum & species.
Zingiber cassumunar, officinale,
& Z. zerumbet.
CATHARTICS:-
See:-Purgatives.
CAUSTICS:-
See "Escharotics".
(Ashes of. the following
plants are used as caustics for
opening abscesses):Abrus precatorius.
APPENDICES
Achyranthes aspera.
Allium sativum.
Alstonia scholaris.
Butea frondosa.
Cresalpinia bonduc.
Cassia fistula.
Cedrus deodara.
Cupri suLphas.
Echites dichotoma.
Erythrina 'indica.
Euphorbia nerifolia.
Gmelina arborea.
Justicia adhatoda.
Luffa pentandra.
Musa sapienta.
Nerium odorum.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Pongamia gIabra.
Shore a robusta.
Symplocos racemosa.
Terminalia species.
CHOLAGOGUES:-
249-
Sesamum indicuin.
Sodium chLoride.
Trichosanthes cucumerina.
COAGULANTS:Blood-platelets.
Calcium salts.
Heavy metals.
Viper venom.
Vitamin K.
CONVULSANTS:Strychnos nux-vomica.
COOLING:
(See also Refrigerants).
Andropogon muricatus.
Bambusa arundinacea (Bamboo manna).
Borax.
Cuminum cyminum.
Curcuma zedoaria.
Emblic myrobalam.
Ghee.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Ipomoea digitata.
Mesua ferrea.
Mollugo cerviana.
Piper cubeba.
Potassii cal'bonas.
Punica granatum.
Rock-salt.
Santalum album.
Vitis vinifera.
Zingiber officinale (raw). I
Ammonium chloride.
Bombax malabaricum.
Calotropis gigenta.
Cascaria esculenta.
Cassia lanceolata.
Cichorium intybus.
Cosmostigma racemosa.
Eclipta alba.
FeZ bovinum purificatum.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
lpomrea digitata or paniculata.
COOLING DRINKS &
Lawsonia alba.
SHERBUTS.
Nymphrea stellata.
Aegle marmelos.
Andropogan, muricatum,
Pinus longifolia.
Podophyllum emodi; P. pelta- Citrus acida, & Citrus
tum; P. indicum.
aurantium.
250
senegal & speciosa.

Althaea officinalis.
Amarantus spinosus.
Amomum subulatum.
Acquilaria agallocha.
Arachis hypogaea (oil) .
\
Asparagus adscendens.
COUNTER IRRITANTS:-;Astragalus gummifer.
See also:-Rubifacients.
Bombax malabaricum.
Borassus flabellifer.
Abrus precatorius.
Canarium commune.
Ammannia baccifera; A.
Clitorea ternatea.
vesicatoria.
Cocculus villosus.
Argemone mexicana.
butyraceae, C. nucifera~
Cocos
Berberis aristata.
Cordia domestica; latifolia, &
Brassica alba.
C. myxa.
Calotropis gigentea; C. pro cera.
Curculigo orchisides.
Capsicum species.
Cass,ia alata, & C. fistula, C. Curcuma zedoaria.
foetida, C. tora, C. occiden- Cydonia vulgaris.
Cyperus rotund us.
talis.
DipterocaT.pus
turbinatus.
'Celastrus paniculata.
Ghee.
Cleome viscosa.
Glycerinum.
Cuminum cyminum.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Cyperus rotundus.
Gmelina parvifolia.
Dalbergia odorata.
Gossypium indicum (oil).
'Gynandropsis pentaphylla.
Gracilaria lichenoides.
Gynocardia odorata.
Gynocardia
odorata.
Hedysarum alhagi.
Lectuca scariola.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Melia azedarach.
Hibiscus rosa sinensis & H.
esculentus.
Mylabris cichorii.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Piper longam & nigrum.
Ipomoea digitata.
Plumbago zeylanica & rosea.
Lepidium
sativum.
Pongamia glabra.
Linum usitatissimum (oil).
Psoralia corylifolia.
Lycopodium clavatum.
Salvadora persica.
Mel Depuratum..
Mimosa species.
Sinapis alba.
Nymphaea lotus & stellata.
Ocimum
gratissimuin, pillosum
DEMULCENTS:& basilicum.
(See also "Emollients").
.Onosma bracteatum.
Abelmoschus esculentus.
Oryza sativa (starch, husked
Abrus precatorius.
seed, ground and sifted seed)
Acacia arabica, farnisiana,
Panicum frumentaceum.
Hordeum vulgare.
Oxalis corniculata.
Punica granatum.
Tamarindus indica.
APPENDICES
permelia perlata.
Pedalium murex.
pistacia integerrima.
Plantago ispaghula, & P. ovata
species.
poa cynosuriodes.
prunus amygdalus (oil); & P.
communis.
punica granatum.
pyrus cydonia.
Rhus succedanea.
Saccharum species.
Salvia aegyptiaca.
Sesamum indicum. (oil &
leaves) .
Sida species.
Solanum tuberosum (starch).
Symplocos racemosa.
\
Terminalia catappa.
'l'iaridiulll indicum.
Trichodesma zeylanica.
Triticum aestivum & T. sativum (starch).
Typha angustifolia.
Vitis vinifera.
Zea l!lays (starch).
DEODORISERS:Balsamodendron mukul.
.Curcuma zedoaria.
Santalum album.
DEPRESSANTS
(CARDIAC):Aconitum napellus.
DESICCANTS:Bole armeniac.
Kaolinum.
Lycopodium c1avatum.
Plumbi carbonas.
Quercus infectoria.
Zinci oxidum.
DIAPHORETICS &
REFRIGERANTS:-
251
'"
Andropogan citratum; A.
muricatus.
Berberis asiatica.
Cyperus rotundus.
Leucas linifolia.
Murraya koinigii.
Ocimum sanctum.
Pavonia odorata.
Pinus cedrus & P. deodar a, or
Cedrus deodara.
Prunus pudam.
Pterocarpus santilinus.
DIAPHORETICS & SUDORIFICS:-(See also: - Refrigerants). .
Aconitum ferox.
Acorus calamus.
Andropogon citratum, A. muricatus, & species.
Anisochilu5 carnosum.
Anisomeles malabarica & A.
ovata.
Artemesia absinthium.
Berberis asiatica.
Blumea balsamifera .
Boerrhavia diffusa & B.
procumbens.
Cal9tropis gigantea, & C ..
procera.
Capsicum fl'utescens.
Colchicum luteum (sudorific).
Coriandrcm sativum.
Crinum asiaticum, C.
toxicarium.
Cyperus pertenius & C.
rotundus.
252
THE
Elephantopus scaber (sudori- Terminalia chebula.

fic) .
Eupatorium ::ya1?ana.
DISINFECTANTS:-See aJso,
HemideslUus mdlCus.
"Antiseptics", & "Deodorisers",
Hordium vulgare.
"Germicides" & "Vermiddes".
Justicia gendarussa.
Lactuca scariola.
Achyranthes aspera.
Meriandra strobilifera.
Balanites roxburghii.
Mesua ferrea.
Calotrdpis gigantia.
Mimosa suma.
Caesalpinia bonduc.
Cissempelos hernandifolia.
Naregamia alata.
Ocimum balsilicum & O.
Gloriosa superba.
sanctum.
Papaver somniferum.
Melia azadirachta.
Pinus deodara.
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Plumbago Zeylanica.
Pongamia glabr;:".
PotassiuTn Nitrus.
PterocarpuiC santalinus.
Quassia excelsa.
Senseviera zeylanica.
Ricinis communis.
Santalum album.
Scindapsus (Pothas) officinalis Sodium chloride impura.
Sesamum indicum.
Tragia involucrata.
Sulphur.
Symplocos racemosa.
Vanda roxburghii.
Tylophol'a asthmatica.
DIURETICS:Zizyphus jujuba.
Abutilon indicum.
DIGESTIVES:Achyranthes aspera.
Acorus calamus.
Agati grandiflora.
Carum copticum.
Allium sativum.
Emblic myrobalan.
Ammonii cal'bonas.
Eclipta erecta.
Coriandrum sativum.
Apocynum cannabinum.
Curcuma longa.
Cuminum cyminum.
AsphaltuF'1"
Ferula foetida.
Azima tetracantha.
Mesua ferrea.
Barleria longlfolia.
Berosma betulina.
Myristica fragrans.
Berberis aristata.
Piper longum & its roots, P. Beta mal'ituma.
betle, P. cubeba, Piper nig- Boerhavia diffusa; B. er~cta &
rum.
B. repeils.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Borax.
Potassii carbonas.
Butea frondosa,
Rock Salt.
~,
Camellia sinensis.
0
...''''
APPENDICES
.+
253
. pelos pareira).
Celastrus paniculatus.
Parmeha perlata & P. perforata.
Cinnamornum camphora; C.
Pedalium murex.
zeylanicum.
Phyllanthus niruri: & P.
Cissampelos pareira &
urinaria.
l
hernandifolia.
Physalis alkekinji; P.
See: -Pareira brava.
somnifera.
CitrullUs vulgaris.
Pinus deodara.
CHtoria turnatia.
Piper cubeba.
Pistacia lentiscus.
Costus speciosus.
Plantago ispagula & P. ovata.
Cratoeva religiosa.
Plectranthus sculellaroides.
Crinum asiaticum.
Poa cynosurioides.
Cubeba officinale.
Portulaca oleracea & P.
Cucumis sativus.
quadrifida.
Cynodon dactyIon.
Potassii carbonas & P.
Cyptfrus rotundus.
nitras.
Cytisus scoparius.
Pothos officinalis.
Digitalis purpurea etc.
Premna spinosa.
Dipterocarpus laevis.
Raphanus sativus.
Saccharum offiqinarum; -S.
Erigeron canadense.
, spontaneum & S. sara.
EuphorbIa nivulia.
Santalum album.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Saxifraga ligulata.
Hedysarum alhagi.
Scilla indica.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Sesbania grandiflora.
Herpestis monniera.
Sodium salts.
Hibiscus esculantus.
Solanum, S. jacquini, S. nigrum
Hordeum distichon.
& S. xanthocarpum.
Hygrophila longifolia; H.
spinosa.
Taraxacum officinale.
Trianthema portulacastrum.
Ipomoea reniformis.
Tribulus lanuginosus; T.
Juniperus macropoda.
terrestris.
Ledebouria hyacinthoides.
U rginea indica.
Luffa amara.
Viola odorata.
Lycopodiuni clavatum.
Vitus
-vinifera.
Michelia champaka.
Withania (Physalis) somnifera
Mimusops elengi.
Xanthium indicum & X.
Mollugo cerviana.
strumarium.
Morjnga pterygosperma.
Myristica fragrans.
ECBOLICS:-See
"AbortifaOcimum O. anisatum,
cients ";
" Emmenagogues ".
basilicum, O. citratum, & '0. Oxytocics; Parturifacients' &'
sanctum.
"uterme
. contractors".) '
Panicum frumentaceurn.
Pareira brava (see: -Cissam- Aristolochia indica.
254
'!'.HE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
Ledebouria hyacinthoides.
Carum roxburghianum.
Claviceps purpurea of Secale Luffa species.
Mallotus phillippinensis.
cereaJe.
Mel.
Ferula asafoetida.
Melia azedarach.
Momordica charantia & M.
Piper longum.
monadelpha.
Saraca indica.
Naregamia alata.
Tylophora asthmatica.
Nicotina tabacum.
EMETIC9:Pentapetes phrenicea.
Physalis flexuosa.
Abrus precatorius.
Piper longum.
Acalypha indica.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Achyranthes aspera.
Podophullum emodi.
Acorus calamus.
Ptmceria coagulans-see:Alangium decapetalum.
Withania coagulans.
Alumen (repeated doses).
Ranqia dumetorum.
Andropogon serratus.
Rock salt.
Scilla indica.
Anethum sowa.
Secamone emetica.
Anthemis nobilis.
Sinapis alba, & S. juncea.
Barleria cerulea.
Sinapis dichotoma.
Barringtonia acutangula.
Bassia latifolia & B. longifolia. Sodium chloride.
Bombax malabaricum.
Tylophora asthmatica.
Brassica juncea.
U rginea indica.
Calamus rotang.
Calotropis gigantea, & C. Vangueria spinosa.
Withania (Punceria) coagulans .
. procera.
Cassia tora.
EMMENAGOGUES:-See also
Cephalandra indica.
( Abortifacients )
Citrullus colocynthis.
Clitoria ternatea.
Abroma augusta.
Copper sulphate.
Crinum asiaticum; C. deflexum, Acalypha indica.
Allium sativum.
var, toxicarium.
Aloes indica, & A litoralis.
Crotalaria juncea.
A mmonium chloride
Cucumis pseudo-colocynthis.
Andropogan muricatus.
Cticumis trigonus.
Anthemis nobil1s.
Echites antidysenterica.
Balsamodendron mukul & B.
Entada scadens.
myrrh.
Euphatorium ayapana.,
Ficus oppositifolia, & F. poly- Bambusa arundinacere.
Blumed balsamifera; & B.
carpa.
lacera.
Galedupa arborea.
Bra&,sica nigra.
Hedysarum alhagi.
Carica papaya.
Lagenaria vulgaris.
I
APPENDICES
.
Cichorium intybus; & C. Ghee.
Gossypium indicum, etc.
indiva.
(oleum gossypii seminis).
Cinnamomum cassia.
Hibiscus rosa sinensis.
Cow's urine.
Linum usitatissimum (oleum:
Curdled milk.
lini).
Cubeba officinalis.
Mel.
DaucUs carota.
Olea Europcea (oleum olivre).
Erythroxylon coca
Prunus amara; amygdalus; P.
Ferrum.
. communis; P. dulcis, (oleum
Ferula asafcetida.
amygdalre) .
Sesamum indicum (oleum
Gossypium indicum.
sesami).
Khito (a kind of Pea).
Sevum prreparatum.
Lycopodium clavatum.
Shorea robusta.
Michelia champaca.
Terminalia arjuna, & tom enn[oringa pterygosperma.
tosa.
Theobroma cacoa (oleum theoNerium odorum.
bromalis).
Nigella sativa.
Zizyphus jujuba.
Peganum harmala.
Plumbago rosea.'
Rubia cordifolia.
ERRIDNES:-See:Ruta angustifolia, & R. graveoStenutatories.
lens. '
Saraca indica.
Acacia sirisha.
Sesamum indicum.
Achyranthes aspera, & frutiStrychnos nux-vomica.
cosa.
Trigonella foenum-graecum.
Thevatia nerifolia.
Acorus calamus.
Vinegar.
Allium sativum.
Balanitis: Roxburghii.
. EMOLLIENTS:-(See also
Bassia latifolia.
"Demulcents")
Betula bhoorja.
Borassus flabelliformis.
Acacia catechu, fernasiana & Calotropis giganta & procera.
senegal.
Cardiospermum halicacabum.
Acidum oleicum (oleic acid).
Citrus medica.
Acipenser huso.
Clitoria ternatea.
Adeps.
Embelia ribes.
Arachis hypogcea (oleum ara- Ferula asafoetida.
chis).
Flacourtia cataphracta.
Buchanania latifolia.
Galedupa aroorea.
Cera alba, & Cera flava.
Garcinia xanthochymus.
Cetaceum.
Gymnema sylvestre.
Cocos nucifera (oleum cocos).
Halicacabum cardiospermum.
Diosypros glutinosa.
Hedysarum alhaji.
Ficus carica.
J asminum grandiflorum.
256
Blumea balsaIllifera.
Boerhaavia difi'usa.
Cactus indicus.
Calotropis 'gigantea, & procera.
Call1phora officinarum.
Cephalis acuminata, & C.
ipecacuanha.
CinnaIllomum camphora, & C.
Zeylanicum.
Clerodendron serratum.
Corallium rubrum (calcined).
Coriandrum sativum.
Crinum asiaticum.
Cubeba' officinalis.
Cupri sulphas.
Curcuma zedoaria.
Dremia extensa.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus.
Dorema aureum
ESCHAROTICS:-See
"Caustics" .
Erythroxylon coca.
Eucalyptus globulus.
EVACUANTS:-See
Euphatorium ayapana.
"Purgatives", etc.
Euphorbia hirta, E. perviflora;
E. pilulifera.
EXPECTORANTS:Feruia asafretida.
\ Glycyrrhiza glabra & gianduli(See also:-bronchial
fera.
antispasmodics) .
Grindelia camporum (bronchial anti-spasmodic).
Abies webbiana.
Hydrocotile asiatica.
Acalypha indica.
Ipomoea digitata.
Achyranthes aspera.
J usticia adhatoda.
Adhatoda vasika.
Lactuca scariola.
Allium sativum.
Ledebouriahyacinthoides.
LiquidaIllbar altingia; L. orienAmmon.ium chloride.
talis.
<r'
Anisochilus carnosus.
Lobelia nicotianifolia (bronApiotaxis auriculata.
chial antispasmodic).
Balsamodendron mukul, B. Mel.
myrrh; opobalsamum; & :B. M oschus, moschiferus.
pubescens.
Myrica sapida.
Bmnbusa arundinacea.
Mytilus margaritiferus
Barringtonia acutangula.
( calcined).
Benzoinum.
t
N aregaIllia alata.
Momordica monadelpha.
Moringa guilandiana; M. hyperanthera; & M pterygoiperma.
Nerium odorum.
Nicotina tabacum.
Ocimum & album sanctum.
Piper longum & nigrum.
Pongamia glabra.
Pyrethrum indicum.
Saccharum sara.
Salvadora oleoides, & persica.
Shorea robusta.
Sinapis alba.
Sodium chloride.
Tachardia lacca (shellac).
Xanthochymus pictorius.
APPENDICES
Nelumbium speclosum.
Nicotina tabacum.
Nigella sativa.
Nymphrelotus.
Ocimum b~silicum & O. sanctum.
Opuntia dille~ii.
Pimpinella amsum.
Pinus sylvestris, & P. webbiana.
Piper longum; cubeb a & nigrum.
pistacia integerrima, & lentiscus.
Polygala
crotalarioides;
P.
senega; P. telephioides.
.
Prunus serotina (bronchlal
sedative).
Quillaja saponaria.
Rhus succedanea, & Kakrasingi.
Ruta graveolens.
Saccharum officinarum.
Saussurea lappa.
Scilla indica.
Scindapsus bfficinalis.
Sisymbrium irio.
.
..
Solanum indicum; JaqUlm &
xanthocarpum.
. Styrax benzoin.
Tylophora asthmatica...
Urginea indica, & marltlma.
Viola odorata.
Zizyphus vulgaris.
FEBRIFtiGESt See:Antiperiodics; Antipyretics;

Antiseptics
FRAGRANTS:-(See also:"Aromatics". )
Cinnamqmum .camphora.
CoriaIJdrum sativum.
17
Cumimum cyminum.
Curcuma zedoaria.
GALACTAFUGES:-See
also:-Lactifuges.
Chavica betle.
Jasminum sambac.
Meriandra strobilifera.
Phaseolus mungo.
GALACTAGOGUES:-See
also:-l.actagogues.
Ahelmoschus esculan~us.
Allium sativum.
Alee litoralis.
Cocculus cardifolius.
Cyperus rotundus.
Hordeum vulgare.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Ipomoea digitata.
Jatropha curcas.
Nigella sativa.
Oryza sativa.
Piper longum .
Poa cynosuriodes.
Ricinus communis.
Saccharum officinarum; cylindricum; & spontaneum.
GERMICIDES:-See also:"Antiseptics; Disinfectants &

Vennicides.
GLUCOSIDES:Aloin (aloe vera).
Amygdalin (Linum usitatissimum; Amygdlre dulCis; Prunus pudam).
Colocynthin (Citrullus colocynthus).
Croci'lt (Crocus sativus).
Glycirrhizilz, (Glycyrrhiza
glabra).
j
Indican (Indigofera tinctoria).
Loganin, (Aconitum ferox). I
Neriene & Rosaginin (!':JeriuIilj
odorum).
Phloridzine (Apples, Plums &
cherries).
Picror1'hizin (Picrorrhiza
curroa).
Saponin (Celastrus paniculata;
CratCEva religiosa, Randia
dumetorum) .
Sinal bin (Piper album).
Sinigin (Piper nigrum; Brassica alba, & nIgra).
GUMS; GUM RESINS,

Cont' g plants:Acorus calamus.
Alee vera.
Balsanlodendron mukul.
Butea frondosa.
Cinnamomum Zeylanicum.
Curcuma zedoaria.
Euphrobia antiquorum.
Feronia elephantum.
Ficus bengalensis; F. glomerata; F. infectoria; F. religiosa.
Gardenia gummifera.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Mesua ferrea.
Pinus longifolia.
Pongamia glabra.
Saussurea lappa.
Shore a robusta.
HAEMATINICS:-(See
"Anaemia" in the Index of
Diseases and their Remedies);
Aegle marmelos.
CCEsalpinia bonduc;
_.
..
.."
Calotropis giganta.
Cephalandria indica.
Coccus lacca.
CratCEva religjosa.
Ferric salts.
Gymnema sylvestre.
Moringa- pterygosperma.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Pongamia glabra.
Pothos officinalis.
Premna serratifolia.
Sanseviera zeylanica.
Sesbania aculeata.
Solanum indicum & xanthocarpum.
Terminalia arjuna: bellerica, &
chebula.
HAEMOSTATICS &
STYPTICS:(N. B. Asterisk marked drugs;
are st~tics.)
Acacia catechu.
Acorus calamus.
Aegle marmelos.
Asclepias curassavica.
Balsamodendron myrrha.
Bassia latifolia.
Berberis aristata.
Bombax malabaricum.
Borassus flabelliformis.':<
Cocos nucifera.*
Colocasia antiquorum. *
Crocus sativus. -<
Dalbergia ougeinensis.
Desmodium 'triflorum.
Diospyros glutinosa~
Eugenia jambos.
Eupatorium aY<:lpana.
Ficus indica; F. glomerata; F.
infectoria; & F. religiosa.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Gmelina arborea.
Hcilarrhena antidysenterica.,
APPENDICES , "H "'
Hopea odqrata. oj;

Jatropha curcas.
Jonesia ashok.
Mangifera indlca.
Mel.
Mesua ferrea.
Nymphae stellata.
Pentaptera arjuna
Plantago U;pagula.
Plumbago zeylani<;a.
Punica granatum.
Quercus infectoria.
Sodium chloride.
Solanum indicum & xanthocarpurq.

Stereospermum suaveolens.
Symplocos racemosa.
Terminalia chebula.
Uraria lagopoides.
. ,' INSECTICIDES & .

INSECTIFUGES:Acorus calamus.
Anamirta cocculus,-see
Cocculus, jndicus.
Azadil~a0ta jndica.
'Chrysanthemum cinerariafcilium, , (PY1::ethrum).
Citronella oil (from Andropogun genus etc.)
Sassafras officinale; S. variifolium.
IRRITANTS:-(See also
Counter~Irritants;
Rubefacients) .
Abrus precatorius.
Aconitum feI'ox.
Allium sativum.
Ammonium & its preparations:
Oleum amygdalre volatile puriHELl\UNTHICS:-See:Anthehnintics; etc;
ficatum.
Oleum anisi.
HYPNOTICS:-(See also:"Asclepias curassiania.
Sedatives, Anodynes; Narcotics; Baliospermum montana.
Soporifics; Somnifacients.)
Balsamum peruvianum (from
MyroxyIon pereirre).
Cannabis indica.
Balsamum
tolutanum (from
Hyoscyamus niger
Myroxylon
'toluiferum).
Lactuca scariola.
Bee-Venom.
Myristica fragrans &
"
Brassica alPa.
officinalis.
Buchu
folia (of Barosma
Papaver somniferum.
betulina).
'Picrotoxin' (glucoside, from
seed of Anamirta paniculata:). Oleum Cad'inum (oil of cade;
juniper tar-oil).
ij,auwolfia serpentina.
Oleum
cajuputi ('cajuput oil
Strychnos nux-vomica.
from Mela:leuca leucoden..
'dron) .'
INSECTICIDES::-:(Slel"
Cal,ot;ropis
gigantea.
"Anthelmintics"
Camphor oleum (Camphora
"ParasitiddeS")
officinarum ) .
Cantharidinum (fi'om CanthaDerris uliginosa.
ris' my lcibris) .
Pis.lict (stratiotes).
260
Capsicum (from Capsimum

minimum)
!
Oleum cari (from caraway).
Cineol-see: --:Eucalyptol
herebelow.
Cinnamomum zeylanicum.
Citrallus colocynthus.
Colophonium (colophony
resin) .
Copaiba (from species of copaifera).
Coryophyllum (from Eugenia
aromatica) .
Crinum asiaticum.
Croton tiglium.
Eletteria cardamomum.
Eucalyptol or Cineol (from
Eucalyptus oil).
Euphorbia antiquorum & E.
neriifolia.
Feruia foetida.
Foeniculam vulgare.
Gloriosa superba.
Jatropha curcus.
Oleum juniperi (from Juniperus communis).
Oleum lavandulae (from Lavandula officinalis).
Lagenaria vulgaris.
Limonix cortex (from Citrus
limonia).
Luffa amara; L. echinata.
Oleum
menthae
piperitae
(from Mentha piperata).
Menthol (peppermint
camphor).
Myristica fragrans.
Myrrh (from Commiphora
molmaI).
Nerium odorum.
Randia dumetorum.
Oleum Rosmarini (from Rosmarinus officinalis).
Oleum Santali (from Santalum
album).
Strychnos nux_'vomica. if
Styrax (from Liquidambar
orientaleis) .
Oleum Terebinthinae (oil of
turpentine) .
Thymol (from Thymus vulgaris).
Valeriana officinalis.
Zingiber officinale:
LACTAGOGUES:-See:"Gal~ctagogues" LACTIFUGES:-See:"Galaclafuges" .
LAXATIVES:-See:"Purgatives"; "Salines".
LITHONTRIPTICS:-
Asphaltum.
Barleria prionitis.
Butea frondosa.
Calotropis giganta.
Capparis trifoliata.
Coleus aromaticum.
Copper sulphate.
Crataeva religiosa.
Ernblica officinalis.
Euphorbia nerifolia.
Ferri sulphuretum.
Ferula asafoetida.
Herpestis monniera.
Nymphaea stellata.
Pentaptera arjuna.
Plectranthus scutellaroides.
Poa cynosuriodes.
Saccharum spontaneum.
Saxifraga ligulata.
Scindapsus officfnalis.
Sodium chloride, impura.
Terminalia arjuna, chebula &
balerica.
Vanda Roxburghii.
LUBRICANTS:-
Cera [lava.
Oleum ricini.
APPENDICES
Oleum
sesa~.
MYDRIATlCS:Datura alba (daturine).

Scopolia Iurida.
Solanum nigrum (solanine).
MYOTlCS:-Papaver
Somniferum.
NARCOTICS:-See a15o:Sedatives, Soporifics;
Anodynes; Somnifacients;
Hypnotics.
Aconitum ferox.
Artemesia absinthium.
Cannabis sativa, & C. indica.
Celsia coromandehana.
Cocculus indicus.
Datura alba, & D. fastuosa.
Hyoscyamus insanus.
Lactuca scariola.
Meconopsis aculeata, & M.
nipalensis.
'Melia azedarach.
Myristica malabarica.
Nicotiana tabacum.
. Papaver somniferum.
Santalum album.
Withania (Physalis) somnifera.
261
Dhatura alba;' D. fastuosa & D.

nigra.
Gymnema sylvestre.
Herpestis monnifera.
,Hyoscyamus aureus; H. niger;
H. reticularis, etc.
Nicotiana tabacum.
Papaver somniferum.
Rauwolfia serpentina
Sida cordifolia.
Solanum nigrum.
Strychnos ignatii, & S. nuxvomica.
Withania somnifera.
NUTRIENTS:-See also:Nutritives.
Glucosum liquidum (liquid
glucose).
Hordeum distichon. (Extract
of malt).
Laevillosum (laevulose, frutose).
Saccharum purificatum
(Sucrose).
NUTRITIVES:-See "Tonics"
& Nutrients; Analep,tics.
Asparagus racemosus .
Cocos nucifera.
Cybium commersonii.
Ghee.
Ipomoea digitata.
NAUSEANTS:Mel depuratum.
Ferula foetida, F. narthex, etc. Oleum sessami.
Valeriana officinalis, etc.
Punic a granatum.
Squalus carcharis.
NERVINES:-See:-Tonics.
Tinospora cardifolia.
Aconitum ferox, & A. hetero- Withania somnifera.
phyllum.
Canabis indica, C. orientaljs &
OXYTOCICS:-See:C. sativa.
Ecbolics, etc.
Canscora decussata.
Centipeda orbicularis.
PARASITICIDES:-See:Delphin:ium denudatum.
Antiparasitics.
THE INDIAN Mt\ TERIA MEDICA
Oil.
P ARTURIFACffiNTS:-.,
Rock
salt.
"Ecbolics"
etc.,
S ee:Sugar.
Aristolochia ?racteata.
PURGATIVES &
Cannabis sativa. ."
LAXATIVES:-( Cathartics,
Ch 'ca roxburghu.
Ho:d~um decorticatum c:sc,
Salines, Evacuants &
Oryza sativa (Er~ot from
Aperients). (Laxatives are
these two drugs).
. :with asterisks).
Ophioxy16n serpentinum.
Abrus precatorius.
PECTORALS:--
Acacia concinna. '. .
Aca1pha inCUca.
Achyranthes a~per~.
.
Achyranthes asptrra.
Andropogon cltratISj A. lwar- Aegle marmelos.*
ancusa; A. martini and A. Agati grandiflora.
muricatus.
Aleurites triloba.
Alhaqi maurQrum.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Aloes
barbedensis & A. indica~
Cassia fistula; C. lanceolata,.
(anthrac~ne purgative). Alee:
and C. sophora.
literalis; A. vera.
Clitoria ternata.
Anthericum tuberosum.
Argemone mexicana.
Embelia ribes.
Asclepias geminata.
Glycine labialis.
Baliosperm.um montanum.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Barihgtonia acutangula.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Berthelotia lanceolata.
Bignonia Suaveolens.
lPomrea digitata:
Boerhavia
diffusa;* B. procumMucuna pruri'ens.
bens.
Myrica sapida.
Ocimum sanctum, & O. hirsu- Bombax m.alabaricum.
Butea frondosa.
tam.
Cresalpinia bonquc.
Ricinis communis.
Ruta graveo1ens.
Cans cora decussata.
Sid a cordifolia, & S. spinosa.
Cardiosp~rn)um helicacabum.
Solanum indicum, S. xanthoCarthamus
tinctorius.
carpum & S. nigrum.
Cascara sagrada.
Strychnos nox-vomica.
Cassia absus (ckastic purga.:.
Tragia invo1ucrata.
tive). C. acutifolia; C. a1<;1ta;
C. fistula; C: angustifolia,
U raria lagopoides.
(anthracene pUl;gative); C.
Vitex negundo.
lanceolota; C. occidentalis
Vitis vinifera.
(drastic purgative); C. sophora
& C. tora.
> PRESERV ATIVES:Cissampelos hexandra.
.
Citrullus or Citrus colocynthls
Ghee.
(drastic purgative).
Honey.
APPENDICES
Cleome felina.
Clitoria ternatea.
Convolvulus turpethum.
Costus speciousus.
Croton oblongifolius; C. pavana; C. polyandrum & C. tig..:
Hum (drastic purgative).
Cucumis hardwickii & C. tri-'
gonus.
Cuscuta reft'exa (cholagogue
purgative) .
Eclipta alba, & E. erecta (cholagogue purgative).
Euonymus atropurpureus (cholagogue purgative).
Euphorbia nerifolia (drastic
purgative) .
Fer bovis, or F. bocinum.
Ficus carica. *
Fumaria officinalis & F. parvi..:,
flora (cholagogue
purgatives).
Garcinia indica; G. morella &
G. pictoria; G. purpuria & G.
xanthochymus.
Gardenia campanulata.
Geledium cartilagineum,* G.
corneum lamouroux.
. Glycyrrhiza gl<!bra.
Ginelina arbor ea.
Grewia asiatica.
Halicaca bum cardiospermum.
Helleborus niger (drastic purgative).
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hordeum hexactachon.
Indigofera tinctoria.
Ipomoea batatas; I. crerulea, 1.
cymosa, I. digitata, I. hederacere (drastic purgative).
I. pescaprre, 1. purga, 1. remiformis; & 1.
terpethum
(drastic purgative) .
.Jatropha curcus; J. montana.
Lagenaria vulgaris
( drastic
263
purgative) .
Luffa acutangula; L. aegyptica; L. amara, and L. echinata.
Lycopersicum esculentum.
Magnesium sulphate.
Mengifera indica.
Melia azedarach.
Mirabilis jalapa.
Momordica charantica.
Oleum ricini.*
Oleum sesami. *
Panicum frumentaceum.
Pavetta indica.
.
Pharbitis nil or semina.
Picrorrhiza kurrooa.*
Plantago ovata. '"
Plumbago zeylanica.
Phosphate of sodium.
Plumeria acutifolia.
Poa cynosuroides.
Podophyllum emodi, P. mdicum, P. peltatum (cholagogue purgative).
Prunus amygdalus,* p. communis,* P. domestica,* P.
institia.*
Punica granatum.
Pyrus malus.*
Rasakarpt~ra;* Rock~salt.
Rhanus purpureus, & purshianus (anthracene purgatives)_

Rheum emodi (anthracene purgative.
Rheum palmatum.
Ricinus communis.
Rosa damascena, & R. glandulifera.
Saccharum spontaneum.
Salvadora persica, S. wightiana.
Senna indica.
Sida cordifolia.
Sodium & Potassium tm-trates
& citrates.
264
Solanum xanthocarpum* &

S. indicum.
Sterospermum suaveolens.
Sulphates of Potassium, of
sodium,
Sulphur (& of magnesium;
carbonate (& oxide of ~nesium.
Tamarindus indica.*
Taraxacum officinale (cholagogue purgative).
Terminalia species.*
Trianthema monogyna.
Trichosanthes cucumerina; T.
.. cuspida; T. dioica; T. laciniosa; T. palmata (drasti~
purgative); T. nervifolia.
Uraria lagopoides.
Vitis venifera. *
Zizyphus jujuba; Z. laccifera
& Z. napeca.
PUSTULANT8:Aegle marmelos.
Andropogon species.
Bas~a latifolia.
Boswellia serrata~
Butea frondosa.
Calotropis giganta.
Cedrela toona.
Cinnamomum tamala.
Ciss~mpelos hexandra
& C.
hernandifolia
Croton tiglium.
Ficus Bengalensis; F. glomerata & F.' religiosa.
Gloriosa superba.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Mangifera indica.
Mimosa pudica; & M. sylvaticla.
Mimusops elangi.
Nauclea cadamba:.
..
Nerium odorum & N.
oleander.
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Pongamia glabra.
Ricinus communis.
Rubia cordifolia.
Spondias mangifera.
. Symplocos racemosa.
Terminalia arjuna.
Woodfordia fioribunda.
Zizyphus jujuba.
REFRIGERANTS:-See
also:-Diaphoretics, etc.,
Sudorifics.
Acorus calamus.
Adansonia digitata.
Aloe indica & A. litoralis.
Cicer arietinum.
Citrullus vulgaris.
Citrus bergamia.
Cocculus corrufolius.
Cocos nucifera.
Coriandrum sativum.
Cyperus rotundus & C. pertanuis.
Embelia ribes.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Nymphrea stellata; N. rubra;
N. alba; N. ottorata; & N.
cyanea.
.
Oldenlandia herbacea.
Pavonia odorata..
Piper longum.
Plumba,go zeylanica.
Potassium nitras.
Punica granatum.
Rosa damascena.
APPENDICES
santalum album.
Sugar.
Tamarindus indica.
Vitus vinifera.
RUBEFACIENTS &
COUNTERffiRITANTS:Anacardium occidentale.
Andropogon citratum.
Anisomeles inalabarica.
Argyreia speciosa.
Beliospermum (croton) montanum.

Capsicum fastigiatum.
Chavica betle; C. officinarum;
C. roxburghii.
Croton oblongifolius &
\.
pavana.
Euphorbia antiquorum, & E.
tirucaIli.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla.
Jatropha curcas & J. glandulifera.
Myrica sapida.
Myristica malabarica & M.
officinalis.
Piper nigrum.
Plumbago rosea, & P. zeylanica.
Salvadora wightiana.
Sinapis juncea.
Vateria indica.
RUBEFACIENTS &
IRRITANTS:-See also:Vesicants.
Allium sativum.
Argemone mexicana.
265
Cleome viscosa.
Ferula asaretida.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Nymphre lotus.
Pimpinella anisum.
Piper longum, & P. nigrum.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Plumeria acuminata.
Rubia cordifolia.
Rumex vesicarius.
Sinapis juncea.
SAUNES:-See Laxatives
Purgatives.
&
SAPONINS & SAPOTOXINS:

-These are contained in.:Acacia concinna.
Cratreva religiosa.
Randia dumetorum.
Sapindus trifoliatus.
SEDATIVES: (Cerebral &.

local):-(See also:-Hypnotics, Narcotics, and Anodynes).
Achyranthes aspera.
Amomum subulatum.
Berberis aristata.
Borax.
Cardiospermum helicacabum.
Clitoria ternatia, & C. marina.
Curcuma longa.
Datura alba, & D. fastuosa.
Embelia ribes.
Ferula fretida.
Hyoscyamus niger.
N ardostachys jatamansi.
Nigella sativa.
THE INDIAN M..'\TERIA MEDICA
Ocimum basilicum; O. sanctum; O. gratissimum and O.

villosum ..
Papaver somniferum.
Piper longum; P. nigrum; &
P. aurantiacum.
'
Rauwolfia serpintina.
Salvadora persica.
Sinapis alba, & S. nigra.
Sodium chloride, & S. impura.
Xanthoxylon alatum.
SEDATIVES:(Pulmonary) : Gostus speciosus.

Curcuma zerull1Qet.
Emblica officinal is.
Phyllanthus ni:J;uri.
Rhus succedania.
Solanum xanthocarpum, & S.
indicum.
Terminalia chebula.
Zizyphus jujuba.
Potassium nit1'as (also cerebrospinal).

Prunus padus.
Santalum album.
SEDATIVES:-Nervine:Commiphora molmol.
Ferula fretida.
Valeriana officinalis.
SEDATIVES:-Uterine;
& Astringents:- .
Berberis aristata.
Bombax malabarica.
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis.
Premna integrifolia.
Terminalia arjuna.
SIALAGOGUES;-
Anacyclus pyrethrum.
Aristolochia retit!ulata.
Ascelpiqs asthmatica, & A.
curas-savica.
Brassica
alba.
SEDATIVES:Chrysanthemum roxburghii.
(Vascular) .
Erythroxylon coca.
Gentiana lutea.
Aconitum ferox (also cardiac Glycyrrhiza glabra.
and cerebro-spinal).
Hydtargyrum.
Hyperanthera pterygosperma.
Brassia latifolia.
J ateorhiza palmata.
Cocculus cordifolia. .
Jatropha curcas.
Eucalyptus globulus (cerebro- Menespermum fenestra tum, &
spinal) .
M. hirsutam.
Myrica sapida. <0(
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Nicotina tabacum.
Gnielina arborea.
Piper species.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Plumbago rosea, & P. _Zeylalchoncarpus frutescens.
nica.
Lactuca scariola
(cerebroPyrethrum radix.
spinal).
Nicoilina tabacum (also cat- Sinapis juncea.
Solanum jacquini.
diac).
Swertia chirata.
Nymphrea stellata.
Zipgiber officinalis.
Pavonia odorata.
paz
APPENDICES
SOOTHING:Aplotaxis auticulata.
Bamboo-manna.
Bombax malabaricum.
Ghee.
Glycyrhiza glabra.
Mel depuratum.
Oleum sesami.
Plantago ovata.
Terminalia Balerica.
Ficus glomerata. '
Grewia asiatica.
Hordium hexactichon.
- Oriza sativa, ( variety of).
Phcenix ,sylvestris.
Punica granatum.
Sacharum officinarum.
Zizyphus jujuba.
(Va.scuLar).
SOPORIFICS:-See
"Hypnotics", etc.
STERNUTATORIES:-See
'
"ErrhinesH
STlMULANTS:-See also.
"Carminatives",
"Antisp~smodics"
& "Tonics".
(Respiratory):-
Anacardium occidentale.
Andropogon species.
Arrack (country-spirit).
Bassia latifblia, & B. longifolia.
Cannabis sativa.
Caryota urens.
Cocos nucifera.
Costus speciosum.
Curcuma zerumbet.
Ferula asafretida.
Ocimum sanctum.
Peganum harmala.
Phyllanthus niruri.
Rubia cardifolia.
Rumex vesicarius.
Salix caprrea.
Salvadora wightlana.
Vitex nigundo, & V. trifolia.
,
(Spinal).
Acorus calamus.
Aquilaria agallocha,
Capsicum annam
Cassia auriculata.
Cinnamomum {!amohora
Ferula asacetida (also cerebro-spinal) .
Myristica malabarica.
Piper longum.
Pre'mna serratifolia.
Ptychotis ajowan.
Solanum xanfhocarpum.
Tabernamonatacoronaria.
Thea assamica.
(Cerebra-spinal).
Allium satiVUin.
Cannabis indica.
Castoreum.
Erythroxylon coca.
lYIoschus moschiferus.
Papaver somniferum.
Saussurea auriculata.
Strychnos nox-vomica.
~ITIMULANTS
CARDIAC:Camphora officinarum.
Cane-sugar.
Digitalis lanata; D. purpurea.
Ephedra vulgaris.
Glucose.
STIMULANTSGENERAL:Allium cepa, & A. satjvum.
Alpinia galanga.
268
TIlE INDIAN l\1ATEruA MEDICA
Anacyclus pyreth~um.
Andrographis. pamculata.
Aplotaxis aUrIculata.
Caryophyll~s aromaticus.
Citrus medIca.
Clerodendron siphonanthus\
Coffea arabica.
Coriandrum sativum.
Crocus sativus.
Dryobalanops aromatica.
Gaultheria fragrantissima.
Melia azadirachta.
Myristica fragrans.
Piper nigrum, & P. longum.
Terminalia arjuna.
W oodfordia floribtmda.
STIMULANTSTEREBINTHINATE:Ailanthus malabarica.
Balsamodendron mukul, & B.
pubescens.
Boswellia floribunda.
Canarium commune, &
C.
strictum.
Dipterocarpus lrevis.
Dorenea aureum.
Pinus deodara, & P. longifolia.
Pictacia cabulica, & P. Khinjuk.
Shore a l'obusta.
Vateria indica.
STIMULANTS IN
RHEUMATISM, ETC.:-
STIMULANTSUTERINE:Allium sativum.
Alpinia galanga.
Anethurn sowa.
Balsamodendron mukul, &
B. myrrha.
Cinnamomum <;;amphora, & C.
zeylanicum.
Ruta graveolens.
Semecarpus a:q.acardium.
Sesamurn indiCurri.
STIMULANTS TO ULCERS,
ABSCESSES ETC.:
.
SPECIAL STIMULANT
Argemone Mexicaria.
APPLICATIONS IN
Azadirachta indica.
AFFECTIONS OF THE
EYE:Eupatorium ayapana.
Gardenia gummifera.
Argemone mexicana (juice).
Berberis lycium <extract}.
Mirabilis jalapa.
Cassia absus, & C. Auriculata Myristica malabarica.
(powdered seeds).
Vitex negundo, & V. trifolia.
See:-"Rubefacients"
STIMULANTS IN SKIN
DISEASES:Argemone mexicana.
Bignonia xylocarpa.
Cassia alata; & C. occidentalis;
C. Sophora; & C. Tora.
Ficus bengalensis.
Pinus deodara.
Pongamia glabra.
Rhinacanthus communis.
Santalum album.
Thespesia populnea.
Tiaridium indicum.
J'
STOMACHICS:-See:
"Bitters & Bitter Tonics,"
& "Carminatives".
Aconitum. heterophyllum.
APPENDICES
Acorus calamus.
Adansonia digitata.
Aegle marmelos.
Alstonia scholaris.
Anethum sowa.
Anthemis nobilis.
Artemisia maritima.
Asparagus adscendens.
Berberis aristata.
Brerrhavia diffusa.
Capparis trifolia.
Carica papaya.
Carum carui.
Cassia fistula.
Cedrus deodara.
Cinchona cortex.
Cissampelos hexandra.
Citrus indica.
Coptis teeta.
Cuminum cyminum.
Curcuma longa, & C. zedoaria.
Cyperus rotundus.
Eclipta alba, & E. verbesina.
Embelia ribes.
.Erythroxylon coca.
Ferula asafcetida.
Ficus glomerata.
Flacourtia cataphracta.
Fceniculum vulgare.
Gentiana kurroa.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Gmelina arborea.
Hibiscus abelmoschus; H. populnea; & H. rosa-sinensis.
Hyssopus officinali~.
Melia azadarach.
Mentha sylvestris.
Mesua ferrea.
Momordica
charantia'
M.
myxa; & M. dioica. '
269
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Pimpinella anisum.
Pinus webbiana.
Piper longum; P. chaba betle;
P. nigrum; & P. aurantiacum
Plumbago zeylanica.
Premna herbasea; P. integrifolia; & P. serratifolia.
Ptychotis ajowan.
Pyrus malus.
Quassia excelsa.
Rheum emodi.
Scindapsus officinalis.
Sida cordifolia.
Siegesbeckia orientalis.
Sinapis alba.
Strychnos nux-vomica, & S.
potatorum.
Swertia chirata.
Tamarindus indica.
Terminalia chebula.
Ti-igonella fcenum-grrecum.
Uraria lagopoides.
Zingiber officinalis, & Z. zerumbet.
STYPTICS: See:"Hcemostatics".
SUDORIFICS:-See
"Diaphoretics"; Refrigerants;
TANNIN-containing plants.
Acacia arabica, & A. catechu.
Aegle marmelos.
Areca catechu.
Bauhinia variegata.
Eugenia jambolana.
Mangifera indica.
Mesua ferrea.
Mimusops elengi.
Myrica sapida.
Punica granatum.
Quercus infectoria.
Saraca indica.
27Q
THE INDIAN MATERIA IViEDICA
Terminalia arjuna, &

mentosa.
Woodfordia floribunda.
Zizyphus vulgaris.
T. to-
Mesua fenea.
Michelia champaca.
Ophelia angustifolia; O. Chirata; O. densi.folia; & 0 ..
felegans .
. TISSUE BUILDERS:-S~ Ophiorrhiza mungos.
also "Tonics".
Ophioxylon serpentinum.
Papaver somniferum's nociEmblic myrobalan..
tine.
Bamboo manna.
Picrorrhiza kurrooa.
Tinospora cardifolia (satwam)
Rhazya stricta.
of.
Sida acuta, & S. cordifolia.
Withania somnifera.
Swertia chirata.
TONICS: Aromatic &
Thalidrum
foliolosum.
Bitter. .
Tinospora cordifolia, & T.
crisp a, (cardiac).
(See also:-Bitters & Bitter
Toddalia aculeata .
. Tonics).
Trichosanthes cordata, T. ner:Aconitum heterophyllUin.
vifolia; & -T. palmata.
Acorus calamus.
Ailanthus excelsa.
TONICS: ASTRINGENT.
Andrographis panicul~ta.
Antiaris saccidora.
(See also:-'-" Astringents'~;
"Nutritives" & "TissueArtemisia indica.
Builders.)
Berberis asiatica & species.
Alstonia scholaris.
Brucea (Nima) quassi6ides.
Arum campaimlatl.lm.
Ccesalpinia bonducella.
Azedirachta indica.
Cedrela toona.
Cicendia hyssopifolia.
Diospyros melanoxylon.
Flacourtia catapbracta ..
Clerodendron infortunatum.
Holarrhena antidysenterica, &
Cocculus villosus.
H. Pubescens;
Coptis teeta ..
Cordia latifolia, & C. myxa.
Mimusops elengi.
Corydalis govaniana. ....
N auclea ovalifolia.
Coscinium fenestratum.
Rhus succedan~.
Cratceva religiosa.
Cyperus pertenius, & C. rotun- Soymida febrifl,lga.
Terminalia chebula.
dus.
Xylocarpus granatum~
Erythrcea roxburghii.
Eupatorium ayapana.
.' .
TONICS:,-(See 'also
Exacum bicolor; E. peduncula"Nutritives"; Altemativ:es;
tum; & E. tetragonum.
& "Tissue -Builtters" &
Ficus oppositifolia.
Stimulants.
Gentiana kurroo.
"
Luffa amara.
Allium sativum.
APPENDICES
.Ambra grisea .
(See:
.Amygdalus dulcis
Prunus amygdalus) .
.Anthemis nobilis.
,Aquilaria agallocha.
Arsenious acid (nervine).
Arum campanulatum.
Asparagus racemosa
Asphaltum (nervine).
Auram, calcined.
Barleria prionitis.
Bassia latifolio ; longifolia;
& butyracea.
Bauhinia variegata.
Benincasa cerifera.
Berberis aristata.
Brassica campestris, & B. juncea (nervine).
Cresalpinia digyna.
Canscora decussata (nervine).
Casearia esculenta.
Cinnabar.
Clerodendron siphonanthus.
Convolvulus paniculatus.
Cordia latifolia, & C. myxa.
Coriandrum" sativum.
Curculigo orchioides.
Curcuma longa.
Eclipta erecta.
Embelia ribes.
Emblic myrobalam.
Erythroxylon coca.
Eugenia jambolana.
Ferri sulphas.
Ghee.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Gmelina arborea.
Gymnema balsamicum, & G.
lactiferum.
Gynoc~l'dia odorata.
271:
Hemidesmus indicus .
Herpestis monniera (nervine).
Hydnocarpus \vightiana.
Hygrophila spinosa.
Ipomcea dig'itata, & 1. batatas.
Lansonia alba.
Melia azadirachta.
Mimosa pudica'.
Mimisops elengi.
Mucuna pruriens.
Nardostachys jatamansi (nervine).
Nerium odorum.
Onosma species.
Pedalium murex.
Phaseolus trilobus.
Phcenix sylv'estris.
Pi stacia vera.
Prunus amygdalus
(See:-.
Amygdalus dulcis).
Pterocarpus sahtalinus.
Pyrethrum radix.
Rubia cordifolia.
Saccharum purificatum.
Saraca indica ..
Sesamum indicum.
Sida rhombifolia.
Smilax china or chinensis.
Stereospermum suaveolens.
Strychnos nux-vomica (nervine).
Sulphur sublimatum.
Symplocos racemosa.
Tacca aspera.
Terminalia belerica; T. chebula.
Tinospora cor<;lifolia; T. crispa.
"Triphala."
.
.
Uraria lagopoides.
Yanda roxburghii.
212
UTERINE STIMULANTS:See:-Stimulants.
Vitis vinifera.
Withania somnifera.
(CARDIAC):-
VERMICIDES:-See
"Antiparasitics", & Anthelmentics".
Acacia catechu.
Adhatoda vasica.
Apocynum cannabinum. '
Artocarpus lakoocha.
Carissa corundas.
Citrus medica.
Coccus lacca.
Digitalis purpurea,
&
D.
lanata.
Hydrargyrum.
Mangifera indica.
Mel depuratum.
Melia azadirachta.
Moringa pterygosperma (diuretic).
Prunus species.
Punica granatum.
Rumex vesicarius.
Spondiac mangifera.
Strophanthus gratus, & S.
combe.
Sulphate of Iron <haematinic}.
Tamarindus indica.
Terminalia arjuna.
Urginea scilla.
TRIDOSHAHARAM:-
VERMIFUGES:-See
"Anthelmintics" .
VESICANTS: See also:"Rubefacients", "Irritants", &
"Counter-irritants".
VESICANTS:Epicauta nipalensis.
Lytta assamensis; L. gigas; L.
violacea. ,
Melre trianthema.
,
Mylabris cichorii; lVI. punctum;
M. pustulata; & other species.
Plumbago rosea, & P. zeylanica.
Sinapis j uncea.
VOLATILE AND FIXED

OILS ARE DERIVED
FROM:-
Achyranthes aspera.
Acorus calamus.
Acquilaria agallocha.
Aleurites moluccana.
....
Allium cepa, A. ~ativum.
Alre vera.
UTERINE CONTRACTERS:- Alpinia galanga.
Andropogon citratis;, A:. laniSee "Ecbolics", or "Oxytocics"
.
ger; A. muricatus.
etc.,
.
Apium graveolens.
UTERINE SEDATIVES &. Arachis hypogea.
Argemone me'xicana.
ASTRINGENTS:-See:Bassia longifolia.
Bhimea balsamifera.
"Sedatives".
Emblic myrohalan.
Solanum xanthocarpum.
,_ -
APPENDICES
Brassica alba; B. juncea; & B.

nigra.
Canarium commune.
Capsicum nepalensis.
Carum copticum; C. caruL
Cassia auriculata.
Cinnamomum cassia; C:" camphora; & C. zeylanicum.
Citrus acida.
Cocos nucifera.
Coriandrum sativum.
Crocus sativum.
Croton tiglium.
Cuminum cyminum.
Curcuma aromaticus; C. longa;
& C. zedoaria.
Cymbopogon citratus; C. flaxuosus; & C. pachnodes.
Embelia ribes.
Erythroxylon monogynum.
Eugenia caryophyllata.
Ferula fcetida .
Fceniculum vulgare.
Garcinia morella.
Gaultheria fragrantissima.
Guizotia abyssynica.
Helianthus annus.
Hibiscus sabdariffa.
Jatropha curcas.
Juniperus communis; J. oxycedrus.:
Linum usitatissimum.
Liquidamber orientalis.
Melaleuca leucadendron.
Melia azadirachta.
Mentha arvensis.
273
Michelia champaca.
Myristica fragrans.
Nicotiana tabacum.
Ocimum sanctum.
Prederia fcetida.
Pandanus odoratissimum.
Papaver somniferum.
Pimpinella anisum.
Pinus deodara.
Piper be'tle; P. chaba; P. cubeba; P. longum; & P. nigrum.
Pongamia glabra.
Pseudanum graveolens.
Pterocarpus marsupium.
Ptychotis ajowan.
Raphanus sativus.
Ricinus communis.
Rosa damascena.
Rosemarinus officinalis.
Santalum album.
Sesamum indicum.
Sphceranthus indicus.
Styrax benzoin.
Terminalia catappa.
Valeriana jatamansi; ,V. wallichii.
Vitex negundo.
VULNERARIES:Bombax malabaricum.
Glycerrhiza glabra.
Grislea tomentosa.
Mimosa pudica.
Myrica sapida.
Stephania' hernandifolia.
Symplocos racemosa.
. Uraria lagopoides.
PUBLICATIONS REFERRED:(1) Guide to Indigenous Drugs (1949) by Dr. J. R. GoyaL

(2) "Halliya Vaidya~', (Canarese) (1945), by Vaidya Madhvacharya Burli.
18
274
Druary's Pharmacopreia of India, (old edition).

Pharmocology,
Materia Medica & Therapeutics (1949) ~
(4)
by Dr. B. N. Ghosh.
(5) 100 Useful Drugs, (1927), by Dr. A. Lakshmipathi.
(6) Practical Bazaar Medicines, (1920), by Col. G. T~
Birdwood.
Students'
Pharmacology & Materia Medica (1933), by
(7)
Dr V. G. Rele.
'
(8) Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1948), by Dr. M. A.
Kamath.
(9) Catalogue 1950 of the Homceo-Chemical & Pharmaceutical Works, Ltd., & Laboratory, 22, Gorachand Road,.
Entally, Calcutta.
(10) Domestic Duty (1905), by Manmathanath Dutt.
(11) Forest Trees of Mysore & COorg (1894), by John
Cameron.
(12) A 'rreatise on Tropical Therapeutics (1950), by Col.
R. N. Chopra.
(13) A Handbook of Ayurvedic Meteria Medica with principles of Pharmacology, & Therapeutics, Vol.1 (1950),.
by Dr. H. y. Savnur.
(14) Aphrodisiac Remedies (1925), by Practical Medicine,.
Delhi.
(3)
APPENDIX
n.
Drugs, Preparations and their specific and more important

uses in diseases.
Abelmoschus esculentus, in bronchitic cough, and in

diseases of the intestinal and genito-urinary organs.
. Abies webbiana, in cough and phthisis.
Abrak bhasma, in combination with other..d.rugs as a.
tonic in chronic diseases, such as diarrhoea, dysentery, fever,
diabetes, ancemia, jaundice, etc.
.
Abroma augusta,' in menstrual disorders, and -dysmenorrhcea.
Abrus precatorius, in nervous debility and locally leucoderma, alopecia, sciatica, stiff joints, paralysis and obstinate
cough.
Abutllon indicum, it\ diseases of the bladder and urethra ..
0
o_,
APPENDICES
275
Acacia arabica, in pulmonary and bronchial diseases;

diarrhrea, piles, prolapse of rectum, gonorrhrea, typhoid
fever, irritability of the genito-urinary organs, and leucorrhrea.
Acacia catechu, in diarrhrea, sore throat, mercurial sto":
matitis, and in ulcerations internally and externally.
Acacia concinna, in Asthma.
Acacia se'negal, in bleeding piles and other hremorrhages.
Acalypha ,indica, as an emetic.
Acampe pappilosa, in rheumatism, sciatica and neuralgia.
Achillea millefolium, for colds, promoting perspiration;
and fevers.
Achyranthes aspera, in cough, asthma, enlarged spleen
in malaria, painful menstruation and toothache, and occasionally in renal dropsies.
Acipenser huso, etc., (Fishes) in .chronic diarrhrea and
debility.
Aconitum ferox, in fever, diarrhrea of children, cough.
asthma, diabetes, nervous diseases, spermatorrhrea, and
locally in neuralgia, rheumatism and guinea" worms.
Aco'l1jitum heterophyllum, in dyspepsia and chronic
fevers.
Aconitum napellus, internally in inflammatory fevers
in early stages, and externally in neuralgia, sciatica, muscular rheumatism; and inflammatory joint affections .
. Acarus calamus, in gastric and respiratory diseases,
dyspepsia, dysentery, worms, to promote micturition and
labour pains, and in tetany, epilepsy, wounds, ulcers, vomitting, hysteria and spasmodic complaints.
Adansonia digitata, in dysentery, diarrhrea, dyspepsia,
acid eructations and externally painful joints, and syphilitic
ulcers.
Adeps, (Lard), in excoriations, burns and scalds.
Adhatoda vasica, in cough, asthma, bronchitis, pertussis,
tuberculosis of lungs, (respiratory spasmodic diseases) and
ague fever.
Adiantum capillus veneris, for coughs, hoarseness, and
colds.
.
Aegle marmelos, in chronic obstinate, mucous and catarrhal diarrhrea, dysentery, and scurvy, and early stage of
spru~ and consumption, and typhoid, chronic constipation,
and certain forms of dyspepsia.
276
Agati grandiflora, in .enteric fever.

Agrimonia euphatoria,1 in coughs, diarrhrea, relaxed.
bowels, kidney and liver derangements.
Agropyrum repens, in cystitis, nephritis, and bladder
complaints, generally; alsQ for gout and rheumatism.
AiLanthus excelsa, for aebility_
Alangium lamarckii, to produce temporary fall of blood
pressure, and to increase the tone and peristaltic moVement
of the intestine.
Aleurites moluccana, as an aphrodisiac.
Allium cepa, in bronchial complaints, piles, infantile,
epileptic and hysterical fits.
Allium sativum, in acid dyspepsia, hiccough, infantile
convulsions, tetany and nervous affections; oil externally
in paralysis.
Alocacia indica, in anasarca and dropsy.
Alee barbadensis, in eye affections and internally in piles,
coughs and colds, and as an external application to inflamed
and painful parts of the body.
Alee indica .01- A. litoralis, in internal and external in. flammations, constipation, bleeding piles, and dysentery,
hysterical fits, and flatulency.
Alee vera, in lymphatic glands_
Alpinia ofjicinarum, in "dyspepsia, preventing ferme.ntation and removing flatulence.
Alstonia scholaris and A. constricta, in catarrhal and
malarial fevers and chronic bowel complaints (diarrhrea,
dysentery) .
Altheea ofjiQinalis, for coughs, colds, bronchitis, ascites,
anasarca, asthma, gout, dysentery, kidney trouble, inflammation of lungs, intestines and bladder, and is invaluable for
poultices.
Alumen and its preparations, in hcemoptysis, epistaxis,
menorrhagia, chronic diarrhrea, and dysentery, diarrhrea of
phthisis and cholera, gastro-intestinal, renal,' <uterine and
genito-urinary catarrah and hcemorrhages, vaginitis, -leucorrhcea, bleeding piles, strj:rogury, gleet, vomitting, hiccough,
asthma, croup and whooping cough, narcotic poisoning, serpent bite, malaria, concussion of the brain and spinal cord
fractures, painful joints, lead colic, guinea~worm, enteric
fever, diabetes, album~uria, and externally in epistaxis,
gums, vagina, rectum, c~s, etc.,' ulcers, bed-sores, fissures,
.
:::~
APPEl'iprcES
27'1 .
sore-eyes, recent-ecchymoses, a:phthre, thrush, eczema,

sweating feet, etc., prolapsus of the anus, urethral discharge,
scorpion bites, etc.
Amm'antus spinosus as a diuretic.
I
Ambra grisea, in general and nervous debility, epilepsy,
spasms, high fevers with delirium and colhlPse.
Ammonium chloride, in hepatic congestion and dropsy,
<enlarged liver and spleen), colic, tetany, alkalosis, jaundice,
billiousness, laryngeal, bronchial, pulmonary, vesical, gastrointestinal, and genito-urinary catarrhs and inflammations,
intermittent fevers, neuralgias, and externally headache,
mania, and apoplexy, chronic rheumatism. inflamed erysipelas and hernial tumours, enlarged glands, abcesses, milk
abcesses, chronic skin diseaSl;s, bruises, and blows on the
eye, etc., cataract, scorpion bites etc.
Amomum subulatum, as a carminative.
Amorphophallus campanulatus. in hremorrhoicis and
piles.
.
Amorphophallus sylvaticus, in piles, dyspepsia, debility,
amenorrhrea, and locally boils and opthalmia.
Anacyclus pyrethrum.. in nerve affections, chroriic powel

affections, and seminal debility.
Anamirta cocculus, in pediculi.
Ananas sativus, in gastric irritability llnd
and as an anthelmintic.
billiousness,
Andrographis paniculata, in general debility, convalescence, dysentery, diarrhrea, dyspeptic conditions, kalazar,
children's torpidity of liver and constipatioIl.
Andropogan citratis, in colds, catarrhs, vomitting and
fevers, flatulent and spasmodic affections of the gastrointestinal tract and externally in lumbago, rheumatism and
neuralgia.
.
Anemone obtusiloba, externally as a blistering agent.
Animal flesh preparations,. in convalescence, hysteria,
paralysis, insanity, cephalalgia, and other nervous diseases,
. cough, phthj.sis, eye and ear diseases, and externally convulsions, paralysis and wastjng of limbs.
Anisomf!les Mltlab~rica, in catarrh, intermittent
and gastro-intestinal affections.
I
'Annona squamosa, in tumours.
f~vers
278
~l
Anthemis nobilis, (See also:-Matricaria chamomilla),

for hysteria and nervousness in women and as a tonic for
debility.
I
Antiaris toxicaria, in dysentery, and as an arrow-poison,
and by regulated doses for: cardiac failure.
Aqua stychetis, in acidity.
Arachis hypogece, IS a tonic and is used in piles.
Areca catechu, in worms, diarrhcea, tape-worm, watery
discharges from genito-urinary organs, and bleeding gums.
Argemone mexicana, for herpetic eruptions.
Argyreia speciosa, as tonic in dullness of intellect, emaciation, infirmity of old ag~, and externally in abstesses.
Aristolochia bracteata, for maggots in the nose, syphilis,
gonorrhcea and skin diseases.
Aristolochia. indica., in venemous insect bites and internally in intermittent fevers and bowel complaints .
Aristolochia serpentaria, very efficacious in feverish
conditions, antispasmodic tonic and nervine.
Arsenic (Bisulphuret of), in fevers, coughs, asthma, and
skin diseases, and locally fistulous sores and other skin diseases, cephalalgia, ozena (ozcena) and coma.
Arsenic (Trisulphuret of), in chronic fevers, skin diseases, incipient phthisis, coughs, asthma, paralysis, epilepsy,
dropsy, and externally warts, corns, leprous ulcers and as a
depilatory.
Arsenious acid, in chronic fevers, liver complaints, lienteric diarrhcea, neuralgias, chorea, enlarged lymphatic glands,
obesity, chronic coryza, and externally cancer, lupus, parasitic diseases, asthma, cough and impotence.
Artemisia absinthium, good for enfeebled digestion, anli
consequent debility, also expels worms in children.
Artemisia maritima, as a ~:tomachic, and in round worms.
Artemisia species, in dyspepsia, hysteria, @ilepsy, nervous irritability, depression and exhaustion, worms as stomachic, and externally. skin diseases, foul ulcers and as snuff
in headache.
Artemisia vulgaris, for' female irregularities, nervous
and spasmodic affections.
A;Paragus species, in boils, general debility, (to increase
manly vigour), leucorrhcea, epilepsy, hysteria, calculus affections, gastro-intestinal disorders,' colic, etc.
APPENDICES
,279
Asphaltum, in genito-urinary diseases, gallstone, renal

stone, anuria, jaundice, enlarged spleen and liver, fermentative-dyspepsia, round worms, piles, anasarca, obesity, nervous
,diseases, 1.lterine troubles, scrofula, tuberculosis, leprosy,
eczema, elephantiasis; anremia, anorexia, asthma of. gouty
people, phosphaturia -(contra-indicated in uric acid calculus),
ascites, uraemia, cholremia, chyluria, albuminuria, chronic
cystitis, diabetic amaurosis, and locally rheumatic arthriti~,
paralysis, contusions, sprains, and bruises.
Astercantha longifolia, in dropsy, rheumatism and urinary affections.
Atropa -belladonna, internally, in intestinal obstruction,
heart ailments, spasmodic affections, night-sweats of phthisis,
renal calculus and externally in sciatica, piles, female ailments, and eye complaints.
Aurum (prepared), in chrohic' fevers, consumption, in'Sanity, and other diseases of the nervous system and of the
urinary organs, hysteria, epilepsy, leprosy, asthma, dyspepsia, amenorrhrea, sterility, habitual abortion, chronic Bright's
disease, chronic fuetritis, chronic and obstinate dysentery,
syphilis, scrofula and impotence.
Averrhcea carambola, in scanty micturition.
Azadirachta indica; (extract), in periodic fever, (malaria), and suppuration, for foul ulcers and chronic skin diseases, round and thread worms.
Balsamodendron mukul, in abscesses, and rheumatic,
nervous, scrofulous, urinary and skin diseases,
Balsamodendron myrrh, in dyspepsia, stomatitis, chest
complaints, amenorrhrea, and other atonic uterine affections, and externally in thrush, guinea-worm, inflammations
and ulcers..
j
Balsamodendron opobalsamum, in genito-urinary diseases and locally indolent ulcers, cuts and bleeding wounds.
Bambusa arundinacea, in thread worms and internally
bronchial (cough and asthma). consumption, fevers, to promote micturition, spasm.odic affections.
Banga bhasma, is a general tonic and alterative used
in diabetes, anremia, and skin diseases.
Barringtonia acutangttla, etc., in small doses in colds,
catarrhs, headaches and, ophthalmia and to promote vomitting in children.
Basella S'pecies, in catarrhs of the bronchial and geniteurinary tracts a'nd externally ,in headaches, and insomnia.
280
THE INDIAN MATERIA l\fEI)ICA
Bassia latijolia, in. skin diseases, cepha~~lgia, and internally rheumatic affectI()n~ and general debIlity.
Bauhinia variegata, in worms, piles, diarrhcea, dysentery,
dyspepsia, flatulence,. coughs, scrofulous affections and skindiseases.
Beninkasa cerijera, in' internal hremorrhages, nervous
and spasmodic diseases, vegetable poisons, dyspepsia and
biliousness.
Berberis aristata, in malarial fevel~S, with biliousness,
jaundice, blood-pressure, liver and spleen diseases, piles,
and locally leucorrhrea, Delhi-boils, menorrhagia, and eye
affections.
Berberis asiatica, in leishmania" .cardiac complaints, and
oriental sores.
Berberis vulgaris, in jaundice and liver complaints, indigestion and constipation.
Betula alba, a bitter astringent, used for skin
and eczema,-can be used internally or externally.
diseases
Bezoar, in abortion, measles, typhoid, piles and

diseases.
.
s"kin
Bixa orellana, in dysentery, gonorrhrea, and fevers.

Blumea species, in cough.
Brerhavia dijJusa, in asthma, anremi~, inflammatory
and dropsical affections, hepatic disorders, rheumatic and
gouty complaints, kala-azar and chronic peritoneal .conditions, heart-diseases, and kidney ailments
Brerrhaavia 1'epens, in dropsy due either to cirrhosis of
the liver or when associated with kala-azar, and ascites due
to chronic peritoneal conditions.
Bombax. Malabaricu7n, in diarrhrea, dysentery, menorrhagia, gonorrhrea, calculi, renal and bladder inflammation
and ulcerations.
Bombyx mori, in profuse menstrual flow,'" leucorrhoea,
chronic diarrhrea, eye diseases, anc;l catarrh.
Barago offLcinalis" for fevers and chest trouble.
Boswellia glabra, etc., in rheumatic, scrofulo{is and
spyhilitic affections, piles, cough, influenza, enlarged scrotum
due t(.l injury, urinary, uterine, and pulmonary diseases.
BosweHia serrata, in bronchitis and chronic laryngitis.
Brassica alba, for hjp baths .in fevers, cerebral conges. tions, stimulant, cataplasx:; and sinapism, and internally in
.'.'~
...
II
APPENDICES
281
nervous . complaints, indigestion, flatulence, costiveness,

colic and dropsy.
Brassica campestris, used for culinary and . anointing
purpose.
Brassica funcea, in rheumatic and chest affections.
Brassica nigra, as digestive condiment, in gouty, rheumatic, inflammatory and febrile cases.
Brunella vulgaris, is used as a stimulant expectorant.
Bryonia epigcea, in diabetes, rheumatic and syphilitic
complaints.
Bryphyllum calcinum or B. pinnatnm in boils, wounds,
bruises an!l bites of insects.
Butea frondosa, and B. monosperma, in diarrhrea,'.dysentery, dyspepsia, and round and tape worms and externally
in skin diseases (ringworm) swellings and ulcerations.
Butter, in consumption and piles.
Ccesalpinia bonduc, in malarial fevers, debility, epileptic

fits, hysteria, as antidote against opium, aconite, arsenic, and
copper poisoning; gastric and hepatic disorders, and externally in inflammations and guinea-worms.
Calcium and its salts, in enlarged spleen, jaundice, urinary troubles, acid dyspepsia, heartburn, infantile diarrhceas,
scrofula, consumption, menorrhagia, and e'xternally fractures,
and painful swollen parts, headaches, gouty joints, bites of
rabid dogs, ringworm, Dhobie's itch, etc., warts, small-pox,
burns and scalds, sore and cracked nipples, chancres, scrofulous and other ulcers, leucorrhcea, and other vaginal discharges, prurites, ani, and pudendi erysipelas and other
skin affections, and as a depilatory.
Calcium oxide or Calx, to prevent curdling of milk,
heartburn, prosis, vomitting, pruritus valve and cracked nipples, & in gastric acidity.
Calendula ofjicinalis, internally for fevers, to promote
perspiration and to prevent suppuration.
Calophyllum inophyllum, in genito-urinary diseases.
Calotropis gigantea and C. procera, in constitutional and
syphilitic affections, ~isceral enlargements, leprosy, asthma,
"fevers with enlarged liver and cough, and skin diseases.
Camphora officinarum, in eruptive and other fevers,
spasmodic, chest, respiratory and cerebral affections, worms,
colic, and bed sores.
282
all
Cannabis sativa, in
diseases requiring a 'Stimulant,
exhilarant, aphrodisiac and an~yne action.
CapseUa bursa-pastdriS, for kidney complaints, dropsy,
and chronic diarrhcea.
Capsicum annum, in sta"mach-ache with acidity, and
cholera.
Capsicum frutescens, in pharyngeal and gastro-intestinal
diseases.
Capsicum minimum, in diarrhcea, constipation &
pepsia.
l'
dys-
Cardiospermum helicacabum, in urinary and nervous

diseases, rheumatism, piles, amenorrhcea, and locally earache, li"heumatism, and amenorrhcea.
Carica papaya, promotes menstruation and is used ,in
croup, diphtheria, dyspepsia, enlarged spleen and liver, chronic diarrhcea, amooic dysentery, and round worms and other
,intestinal disorders, and externany elephantoid growths, and
ringworm.
Carthamus tinctorius, for female irregularities, fevers
and eruptive skin diseases.
Cmoyota urens, in seminal weakness, and urinary disorders and externally in hemicrania.
Carum carui, D.r carvi, in flatulence and colic.
.
Carum copticum, (Aqua ptychotis) in aci~ity, colic, flatulent dyspepsia, and spasmodic affections.
CaryophylltLs aromatictLs, in flatulence and indigestion.
Cassia acutifoLia, to cleanse alimentary tract.
Cassia alata, etc., in poisonous insect bites and skin
affections.
Cassia angustifolia, &. C. lanceolata, in chronic constipation.
Cassia }istt~la, in ague, fever, gastric complaints, as constipation, flatulent colic, epistaxis, piles, scanty -ormicturition,
etc., and externally rheumatic and skin affections.
Cassia occidentalis, in dyspeptic symptoms, 'and externally in skin diseases and poisonous bites.
Cassia sophora, in bronchiar, spasmodic affections, rheumatic and inflammatory fevers, and externally in skin diseases.
Cassia tora, in obstinate skin diseases, as ringworm,
foul ulcers, etc.
"
APPENDICES
283
Castoreum, in nervous debility, hysteria, epilepsy,

asthma, muscular tremor., uterine colic and disorders.
Cedrus deodara:, in bilious fevers, rheumatism, and atonic inveterate diarrhrea.
Celastrus paniculatus, oil used externally in painful
joints, hemiplegia, ulcers, skin diseases and piles.
Centella asiatica, (See also~-Hydrocotyle asiatica), in
skin diseases and as a tonic.
Cephalandra indica, in skin diseases and diabetes.
Cera alba, etc., in ulcers, fistula in ano, etc.
Cerbera manghas, (See also:-Cerbera odollum), is purgative, emetic, used for criminal poisoning, and to raise
blood pressure.
I
Cervus dama, etc., and preparations, in painful affections of the joints and muscles, cardialgia, pleurisy, pleurodynia and other heart affections, cough, asthma, low fevers,
seminal debility, dysentery, and locally spraiiIs, contusions,
cracks, and fissures, chronic skin diseases, orchitis and other
enlarged glands.
Cetaceum, in alvine and urinary irritations and locally
blistered and excoriated surfaces and ulcers.
Chenopodium ambrosioides, in ascaris and
ankylostomum.
Chondrus crispus, in chest and bronchial affections, in
irritating diseases of bladder and kidneys.
Cichorium intybus, in liver and spleen disorders.
Cimisifuga, racemosa, for rheumatism, female complaints, and glandular swellings, in children for diarrhrea,
whooping cough and St. Vitus dance.
Cinchon; cortex, in intermittent fevers, spleen enlargements, and as general gastric tonic during convalescence,
etc.
Cinchona succirubra, a powerful tonic, ext~nsively used
in neuralgia, dyspepsia, and debility. Overdoses sometimes
cause headache and giddiness.
Cinnamomum camphora, in lumbago, sciatica, chordee,
spermatorrhrea, .pruritus, asthma, delirium, insomnia, diar- l~hrea, ptomaine poisoning, prickly heat, sloughing ulcer and
eczema of genitals.
Cinnamornum cassia, etc., as gastro-intestinal and uterine stimulant, and in influenza, and locally in rheumatic
pains, headache, and toothache.
284
THE INDIAN 'MA TER.IA MEDICA
Cinna11wmum iners, etc., in fevers, flatulence, dyspepsia, and coughs.

I
Cinnamomum Malabaricum., in diarrhrea, dysentery, and
coughs.
Cinnamomum zeylanictL1n, in flatulence, dyspepsia, diarrhrea, dysentery and fevers, and to stop nausea and vomiting.
Cessempelos Pereira, in dyspepsia, diarrhrea, mucous
discharges from the intestines and bladder, nephrites and
externally snake-bites, & scorpion stings.
Citrullus colocynth is, in hepatic, abdominal, visceral
(dropsy dysentery, etc.,) and cerebral congestions, neuralgic
affections, as a drastic purgative' in constipation, fever and
worms.
Citrus acida, in scurvy: as gargle for spongy gums, antidote to castor:,-oil and croton-oil poisoning, and locally for
mosquito bites.
Citrus aurantium, in bilious and gastric disorders,
scurvy, rickets, eczema, etc., and externally, in gout and
rheumatism.
Citrus bergamia, in cholera, scurvy, scorbutic affections,
internal hremorrhages, rheumatic, dyspeptic and diabetic
complaints, and externally in cutaneous irritations.
Citrus medica, in bilious fe\'ers, dyspepsia and inflammatory affections.
Cleistanthus coUinus, for foul ulcers.
Cleome visco sa, in worms, foul ulcers, maggots in the
nose, otorrhrea, and internally in infantile convulsions.
Cle1'odendron species, in fevers, scrofulous and venereal
diseases, worms, bronchial and pulmonary affections.
Critoria ternatia, in croup, visceral enlargements, cystic
and urethral irritations.
Cocculus' cordifolius, in fevers, gastric disorders, general
and seminal debility, liver and splenic enlargements, urinary
diseases, rheumatic and syphilitic affections.
Cocculus indicus, as an ointment in ob-stinate skin
diseases.
Cocculus suberos1I..s, etc., in epileptic and paralytic
affections, night sweats of phthisis and externally in parasitic skin diseases.
Cocculus villos1{s, in gonorrhrea, rheumatic and syphilitic cachexia, bilious dyspepsia arid skin diseases.
APPENDICES
285
,Coccus cacti, in whooping cough, neuralgia, etc.

Coccus lacca preparations, in chronic fever, remittent
fever, consumption, cough and dyspnrea, muscular rheumatism, epilepsy, hysteria, indolent, scrofulous and scorbutic
ulcers.
Cocos nuc:ifera, is good in hremoptysis, chronic broIlchitis, distention due to dyspepsia and promotes expulsion of
worms, cocoanut ghee is good in hemiplegia, burnt shel)
ashes mixed in oil are useful in leucoderma, shell oil is useful in skin diseases, Ghee of cocoanut is almost equal to
Cod-liver oil.
Coffea Arabica, in spasmodic and hysterical affections,
chronic diarrhrea, and cholera infantum.
Cola acuminata & C. vera, good tonic for nerves, and
safe and good for muscular weakness of heart. .
Commiphora myrrh a, decoction for sore and ulcerated
throats, thrush, etc., as gargle and mouth-wash.
Copper sulphate, in granular lids, exuberant ulcers, conjunctivitis, gleet, fleucorrhcea, chronic diarrhcea, d/iptherja,
bronchitis, prickly heat,' and opium poisoning.
Coptis teeta, as an application to sores, especially in the
eyes.
Corallium rub1"Um & its prepa1'ations, in boils, bronchopulmonary affections, low fever, genito-urinary diseases,
scrofulous affections, carbuncle, nervous troubles, dyspepsia,
biliousness, diabetes, impotence and general debility.
Corallocarpus epigeotts, is an alterative in syphilis.
Corchorus capsularis, etc. , in gastric catarrh, hepatic and
intestinal colic, worms, genito-urinary diseases, visceral obstructions.
Coriand,rum sativum, in flatulent colic, dyspepsia, bleeding piles, mucous diarrhrea, rheumatism, neuralgia, cephalalgia, and locally in eye affections.
Cratmva nurva1a, in calculus, syphilis, renal and urinary
complaints, scrofulous, grandular and internal inflammation,
and locally ozcena and flatulence.
.
Crocus sativus, in headache, spasmodic coughs and
catarrhs, and gastro-intestinal and uterine disorders, semi. nal debility, neuralgias, rheumatism and locally bruises and
sores.
Croton tiglium, in dropsy, lead poisoning, cerebral
hremorrhage or convulsions and congestions, apoplexy, intes-,
tinal obstructions, and externally gout, rheumatism, arthri-,
286
tis, lock jaw, mania, chronic laryngitis, bronchitis and to

increase manly vigour.
Cubeba ofjicinalis, in laryngeal, b:r;onchial, leucorrhrea,
genito-urinary, gonorrhre!l, gleet, and cystitis and renal
diseases.
Cuoumis species, ill inflammatory fevers, urinary irritation, and suppression and calculus affections.
Cucurbita species, in pulmonary hremorrhages, and
tape-worm.
Cuminum cyminum, in chronic diarrhrea, dyspepsia,
hiccough, worms, gonorrhrea and urinary. complaints.
Cupri sulphas, locally in exhuberant granulation, indolent ulcers, tinea-tersi, ringworm, and pseudo-membranous
croup.
C1Lprum and its salts, in chronic diarrhrea, and bacterial infections, sprye, typhoid fever, Tabes-mesenterica,
bronchitis, asthma, and externally foul ulcers, sinuses, fistuIre, ringworm, conjectivitis and ophthalmia, epistaxis, excessive and obstinate hremorrhages, leucorrhrea, burns from
phosphorus and prickly heat.
Curculigo orchioides, in gonorrhrea, leucorrhrea, menstrual derangements, asthma, jaundice, diarrhrea, colic, seminal weakness, and delibility of old 'age.
Curcuma amada, in skin diseases, enlarged glands, spleen
and liver.
Curcuma angustifolia, in gastro-intestinal inflammation,
and ulceration, and urethral irritation.
Curcuma aromatica, in sprains, bruises and skin diseases.
Curcuma longa, in worms, jaundice, inflammations,
wounds, bruises, insect bites, sore eyes, skin diseases, piles,
sprains and bruises, and internally gastric disorders, (flatulence & dyspepsia).
Curcuma zedoaria, in malarial fevers, vomiting, hiccough,

worms, flatulence, dyspepsia, pharyngeal and laryngeal
inflammations, and discharges from genital organ.s, and locally skin affections.
Cymbopogon citratus & C. ftexuosus, in lumbago, myalgia,
chronic rheumatism, etc. .
Cynodon dactylon, in vesical calculi, urinary irritation,
dropsies, internal hremorrhages, catarrh, ophthalmics, want
of vitality.
T
APPENDICES
287
Cyperus species, in remittent and chronic fevers, gastric

derangements, diarrhrea, worms, and locally scorpion stings,
and ulcers.
Cyprrea moneta, in dyspepsia, jaundice, enlarged spleen
and liver, asthma and cough, scalding in gonorrhrea, colic and
other intestinal pains.
Dalbergia spinosa, roots-powder in a tumblerfuI of water,
destroys effects of alcohol bordering on delirium tremens.
Datura alba, & D. fastuosa, etc., in asthma, spasmodic
lung-complaints, hydrophobia, dysmenorrhrea,
maniacal
affections, rheumatic pains, and locally painful and glandular
inflammations, lumbago, pleurodynia, and abscesses.
Datura stramonium, internally in bronchitis and asthma.
Daucus carota, for dropsy, retention and irregularities
of urine, gravel and other bladder affections.
Desrnodium species, in malarial fever.
Digitalis purpurea, in diseases of the h,eart.
Diosypros species, in internal inflammations and hremorrhages, and externally boils and tumours.
Dipterocarpus turbinatus, in bronchial and genitourinary diseases, (gonorrhrea, gleet), leprosy and other skin
diseases.
Dolichos species, in diarrhrea, leucorrhrea, hremorrhages from internal org<;ms, coughs, and calculus affections.
Draksharishta, in constipation and consumption.
Dryopteris felix, for expulsion of tape worms.
Echinops echinatus, in impotence, dyspepsia, hysteria,.
syphilis and scrofula.
Eclipta erecta, in hepatic disorders, asthma, hiccough,
splenic enlargements, cephalalgia, elephantiasis, poisonous
wounds, and internally uterine hremorrhages.
Elephas indicas, etc., in jaundice and sterility of women
and externally leucorrhrea and conjunctivItis.
Elettaria cardamomum, in stomach complaints, biliousness and vomiting.
Embelia ribes, etc., in intestinal worms, tape-worms, gastric disorders, piles and locally toothache, headache, indolent
ulcers, and other skin diseases and in lung inflammation.
Emblica ojJicinalis, in worms, acidity, inflammations of
the lungs, and eyes, ulcerations, gastro-intestinal disorders,
288
and discharges, painful micturition, and internal hremorrhages.

Entada purscetha, (Se~ also: -E. scandens) , used as an
emetic and in uterine disorders, and as poison to fish.
Ephedra pa'chuclada, (See:-Ephedra vulgaris), is an
excellent cardiac stimulan~ and relieves asthma.
.
Erigeron canadansis or canadense, in kidney diseases,
diarrh~a, gravel, and as tonic.
Eriodendron aneractuoStLm, in gonorrhrea, dysentery,
hremorrhoids, menorrhagia, impotence and diabetes.
Erythrina indica, in intestinal worms, dysentery, dysmenorrhrea, strangury, spyhilis, and locally in opthalmia,
toothache, rheumatism, etc.
Erythroxylon coca, in general debility, catarrh, cold,
asthma, etc., and as local anresthetic.
Eualyptus globulus, in respiratory affections, diphtheria,
fevers, purulent catarrhal affections of the bladder, urethra
and vagina, chronic bowel complaints, and locally wounds,
fretid ulcers, chronic skin diseases, and spongy bl~ding gums.
Engenia caryophyZZata, in flatulency and indigestion.
Eugenia jambolana, in leucorrhrea, cholera, enlarged
spleen, colic, acne, diabetes, chronic diarrhrea and dysentery.
Eupatorium ayapana, in ague, gastro-intestinal derangement, hrematuria, hremoptysis, and 10caUy to bleeding piles,
ulcers, and venomous bites.
Eupatorium perfoliatu1n, for fever, catarrh, asthma,
etc.
E-ttphorbia species, (Euphorbia antiquorum in rheumatism; E. neriifolia, in warts and earache), in dropsy, palsy,
syphilis, leprosy, enlarged liver and spleen, spasmodic respiratory complaints, and extemally to neuralgias, glandular
swellings, painful joints, rheumatism, whitlows, warts, earache, scrofulous and other inveterate ulcers, venomous bites,
and syphilitic nodes.
E11phorbia pilulifera, in bowel & lung complaints of
children, asthma, dysentery, gonorrhrea, spasmodic dyspnrea
and coryza.
Euphrasia officinalis, .useful for weak eyes, ophthalmia,

etc.
Fagonia Arabia, etc., in sore mouth, stomatitis, renal

colic, gravel, inflammation,s, intense scratching and skin
irritability.
I "
,
APPENDICES
289
FeZ Bovis Purificatum, in measles, small-pox, heat in

the body, whooping cough, diarrhcea, and other intestinal disorders, hysteria, convulsions, spasmodic diseases, jaundice,
deficient secretion of bile, abortion and externally skib diseases.
Feronia elephantum, i.n diarrhcea, dysentery, biliousness,
dyspepsia, scurvy, affections of ~he gums and throat.
Ferrum and its salts, in diabetes, anremia, chlorosis,
dropsy, hremorrhagic diseases, leucorrhcea, chronic dyspepsia, scrofula, tuberculosis, intestinal worms, and blood
parasites, erysipelas, carbuncles,
farunculosis, enlarged
spleen and liver, diabetes, and other urinary diseases, ascites,
anasarca, uterine troubles, chronic bowel complaints, general
and sexual debility, neuralgia, rheumatism, and externally
foul syphilitic ulcers, and various skin diseases, fistulae,
bleeding piles, ozoena, rectal prolapsus, and eye diseases,
alopecia, and grey hairs.
Ferrum preparations, in anaemia, debility, bleeding
piles, and prolapse of anus, and as laxative tonics.
FeruZa asafoetida, etc., in dyspepsia, flatulence, diarrhoea,
'Cholera, diabetes, colic, convulsions of weak children, nervousness, hysteria, spasmodic and obstinate coughs, worms,
1iver torpidity, uterine affections, habitual abortions, nervous
paralytic and rheumatic complaints.
Ficus Bengalensis, etc., in diabetes, hremoptysis, gonorThcea, spermatorrhcea, dysentery, diarrhoea, and locally
toothache, bruises, cracks, and rheumafic pains.
Ficus Benjamina, in cough, indigestion, dFopsy and in:somnia.
Ficus carica, in constipation, renal and vesical calculi,
vesceral obstructions, piles, gout, and externally ulcers, gum
boils,. cracks in the mouth, etc.
Ficus glomerata, in dysentery, menorrhagia, consumption, diabetes, bilious affections, and locally aphthre, ulcers
'even leprous, scrofulous, and cancerous.
Ficus indica, in cholera.
Ficus religiosa, in gonorrhcea, leucorrhcea, skin diseases,
'Cracked feet, and anal fistula, aphthous sores, and internally
-ilysentery and as nutricious cooling drink in heat of body.
Famiculam vulgare,' in headaches, flatulence, colic,
diarrhcea, dysenteny of children, indigestions, painful micturition,_ suppression in menSQs, and general heat of the body,
jaundice, hremoptysis and epistaxis.
19

Fraxinus excelsior, is laxative and purgative, in intermittent fevers, ague, etc~, ~d in gout and rheumatoid arthritis.
Fraxinus ornus, is a laxative; also a strengthening food;
wiry useful for sick chilqren.
Fucus vesicu[osus, is :most effective Jor obesity, and used
for kidney trouble.
Fumaria officinalis, for stomach, liver derangements, and
skin affections.
.
GaHum aparine is excellent for gravel and other urinary
disorders; also a tonic.
Gallus bankiva var domesticus, in invalid and anremic
conditions, convalescence, emaciation, general debility, and
locally buboes, boils, cancer, etc.
.
Garcmia mangostana, in chronic diarrhcea ang. dysentery,
leucorrhcea gonorrhcea, gleet, and locally tonsilitis, prolapsus.
ani and vaginre.
Garcinia pictoria, etc., in hepatic obstructions, gouty
arthritis, apoplexy and cerebral congestion and locally sprains,
bruises and swollen hands and feet.
Gm'cinia pttrpurea, in dysentery, mucou,s diarrhcea,
pulmonary phthisis and scorbutic diseases, and locally burns
and scalds, fissures and ulcerations.
Gardenia gummiferfl, in toothache, worms, malarial fevers,
skin diseases, colic, foul sores, and maggots in the nose.
Gasterpodfl and its preparations, in dysentery, gonorrhcea,
colic, dyspepsia, jaundice, tympanites, flatulence, catarrh,
cough, asthma, dis~harges from ears, nose, etc.
Gau~t,heria
fragnntissirna, in rheumatism, fibrostis,
lumbago, and sciatica.,
Gendarussa vulgar;is, in fevers coughs and colic of children, chronic indigestion and dysentery, and locally glandular
swellings and rheumatic joints.
Gentiana kurroo, in general dEFbility, convalescence after
fevers, dyspepsia, gout, torpid liver, spleen enlargement.
anremia, and worms.
Geum urbanum, is an excellent restorative III weakness~
debility, etc.
Ghee, in cancer.
Glycyrrhiza glabra, in sore throats, colds, hoarseness,
catarrhs, coughs, bronchial aff~ctions, bilious fevers, influenza, leucorrhcea, apd other. uterine complaints,
APPENDICES
291
GrneLia arborea, in fevers, indigestion, waterbrash,..

anasarca, and locally headache.
Gossypium indicum,in dysentery, piles, strangury, g~vel,
uterine disorders, and as antidote to datura poisQning and
externally to sores, 'boils, wounds and gouty joints.
Gratiola monniera, (see also:-Herpestl!s monniera,) as a
nervine tonic in insanity and epilepsy.
Gymnema sylvestre, ill snake bites, swollen glands, and
visceral enlargements, and internally in cough, diabetes and
fever.
Gynandropsis pentaphylla, in sprains, round worms, convulsive affections and locally otitis, otalgia; b.oils and other
external inflammations.
Gynocardia odorota, in leprosy, scrofula, and other skin
diseases, chronic rheumatism, gout and secondary syphilis.
Helicteres isora, in intestinal complaints, (colic, flatulence~
diarrhrea, and dysentery), diabetes and locally in otorrhrea.
Heliotropium indicum, in boils and scorpion stings.
Helleborus niger~ in chronic fever, 'apoplexy, dropsy,
mania" hiccough, jaundice, melancholia, and worms.
Hemidermtts indic1.ts, in chronic cough, syphilitic cachexia.
]eucorrhrea, gravel, strangury, dyspeptic and nutritional disorders, genito-urinary diseases, chronic rheumatism and
impurity of the blood, debility and skin affections.
Hermodactyl1.ts gol, in intermittent fever, bronchial
catarrh, and congestion, hysteria, dysentery, chroni.c gout,
torpid liver, dropsy and enlarged spleen.
Herpestis monn,iera, in insanity, hysteria, epilepsy, and
bilious disorders, anurea and obstinate costiveness, remittent
fever.
Hibiscus species, in fevers, hysteria, gonorrhrea, urethritis,
catarrhs of the bladd& and air passages, seminal weakness, and
externally bruises, sprains, insect bites, inflamed joints, and
skin diseases.
Hir1.tdo medicinalis, in acute inflammation of the glands
and ?f the serous.' membranes and of the skin or bones, (but
not .~ the .affectIOns of the scrotum or eye-lids), obstinate
vormtmg, VIOlent headache, severe pains in the chest or the
'abdomen, menstrual deficiency, acute dysentery and congestion of the liver.
.
Holarrhena antidysenterica in amrebic dysentery and
diarrhrea, piles, intestinal worms chronic chest affections
dyspepsia and externally rheumatism and toothache.
"
292
Hordeum vulga1'e etc., as a diluent drink in fevers, nutrifood for infants andl a demulcent in the irritation of the
bladder kidney, urethra, etc.
Humulus luplllus, is :a valuable tonic for stomach' and
nerves; also for in~igestion and worms.
Hydnocarpus specles, in leprosy, phthisis, abscesses,
sore-eyes, and wounds, scrofulous nodes, skin diseases,
syphilitic or otherwise, gonorrhcea, vaginal foetid discharges,
internally as wsll as externally.
Hydrargyrum and its preparations, in fevers, diarrhcea,
dysentery, anasarca, dyspepsia, hyperacidity, chronic gastritis,
worms, jaundice, dropsy, liver diseases, bronchial affections,
nervous diseases, diseases of the female and urinary organs,
mental and physical debility, uric acid diathesis, gravel,
syphilis, gonorrhcea, paralytic troubles, rheumatism, and
externally syphilitic eruptions, skin diseases, inflamation of
lymphatic glands, buboes, etc., tonsilitis, boils 'and ophthalmia.
Hydrastis canadensis, an excellent tonic and a splendid
specific for liver and digestive complaints.
Hydrocotyle asiatica, in leprous, scrofulous, syphilitic and
other skin affections, tetanus, tetanic convulsions, epilepsy,
chronic rheumatism, elephantiasis, dysenteric and other
bowel complaints, various sorts of fevers, including remittent;
insanity, and hypochondriasis, and as a nervine tonic.
Hygrophila spinosa,etc., in rheumatism, gravel, gonorrhcea
leucorrhcea, and other genito-urinary diseases, dropsy,
hepatic obstructions, impotence, and dianhcea.
HyoscycLmus niger, etc., in mental and nervous irritabili'ties, spasmodic and irritable affections of the lungs, bowels and
genito-urinary organs, (cystitis, prostatis, calculus,) gouty and
other inflammatory swellings.
tiou~
Hypericum perjoratum, in coughs, colds, bronchitis and

lUng diseases.
'
Hyssopus ofjicinalis, for coughs, colds and lung complaints.
. Ichnocarpus jrutescens, in chronic skin diseases, syphilis,
elephantiasis, and loss of sensation.
Indigofera species, in elephantiasis, leprosy, cancer,
secondary syphilis, calculus affections, nervous affections
enlarged liver and spleen, kidney complaints and -locally ir:.
aphthre, various skin affections, hremorrhoids, wounds ulcers
venomous bites, burns and scalds.
"
Tpomcea species, to promote the growth of the fcetus in
utero, and in spleen ar{cl.liver enlargements, gout, rheumatism,
APPENDICES
293
gono rrhrea , and dropsies, colic, constipation and to.rpidity of

bowels, emaciation and general debility, fe~ensh attack,
neuralgia, headache, melancholia, cutaneous dIseases, paralysis, and locally ulcers, rat, scorpion and snake bites.
Iris jlorentina, used in tooth pastes, powders, etc., for
fragrance.
Iris germanica, in skin diseases.
Iris pseudoco1'US, in scanty urine and anuria.
Ixora coccinea, etc., in diarrhrea, dysentery, gonorrhrea,
leucorrhrea, and locally ulcers, boils, headaches, and sore
throats.
Jasminum species, in insanity, hysteria, amenorrhrea.
bronchial obstructions and externally in obstinate skin diseases,
headaches, ear and nose diseases, ulcers in the mouth, mammary abscesses and eye complaints.
J ateorhi:::a calumba, in dyspepsia, weakness of stomach,
etc.
Jatropha species in enlargement of spleen and liver,
glandular swellings, constipation and flatulence, and externally
boils, itches, herpes, eczema, and abscesses, hremorrhages,
spongy' gums, obstinate skin diseases, rheumatic joints, sinuses
and paralysis.
Jonesia asoka, (See: -Saraca indica), in female diseases.
Juniperus communis, in scanty urine, chronic Bright's
disease, hepatic dropsy, pectoral affections, chronic gonorrhrea,
and leucorrhrea, and locally rheur::atic swellings, and certain
skin affections.
Justica adhatoda, See: -Adhatoda vasica.
Kaolinum, in cholera, 'dysentery, diarrhcea, gastritis,
gastric and duodenal ulcer and hyperacidity, and locally
diphtheria, burns, vaginal and uterine discharges, neurosis
of the heart, hysteria, gonorrhreal epididymitis and dandruff.
Kumyss, in diabetes, irritability
the stomach and.,
obstinate vomiting.
Lacerta agilis prepa.ration, III general debility and
impotence.
Lactus and its preparations, in gas.tric catarrh, ulcers and
cancer, gastrorrhagia, dyspncea, hectic cough, chronic
diarrhcea, and other intestinal disorders, flatulence, jpiles,
worms, albuminuria and urinary complaints, anorexia, ascites,
and anasarca, splenitis, stomatitis, acid 'stomach, heart-burn,
appendicitis, jaundice, insomnia, poisoning by corrosive
sublimates, copper sulphate and corrosive acids, enteric a:pd
of
294
other low fevers, eye-diseases, and externally syphilis,

acute iritis, heredit~ry eczema, colic, sores, burns, blistered
surfaces, wasting disease~, irrita"?ility o~ . the skin, cOl~yza,
nervous diseases, rheumatlc affectlOns of lOIDtS. eye'-affechonsi
burning of the body, han~s and feet, and chest pains.
Lauha, or Loha, or Mandm'a bhasrna, in nervous anaemia;

aiarrhrea, and dyspepsia, and as a blood purifier.
Lawsonia aLba, etc., in headache, diarrhrea, dysentery;
jaundice, hepatitis, splenitis, calculus affections, menorrhagia,
vaginal discharges, leprosy and other depraved conditions of
the body and locally bruises, sprains, inflammations, burns,
gonorrhrea, leuconhrea and small-pox.
Lens esculanta, in debility, mal-nutrition, and externally
small-pox and other foul ulcers.
Lepidiurn sa~ivum, in constitutional diseases like scrofula,
syphilis, rheumatism, diarrhrea, dysentery, hiccough, and skin
diseases, chronic enlargement of the spleen, etc., seminal debility, leucorrhrea, scurvy and externally in skin diseases,
sprains, bruises, dislocation and rheumatic pains.
Linum usitatissimmn, in bronchial affections, irritation of
the genital and urinary organs, spasmodic affections of the
bowels, piles, and externally as poultice in ulcerated and
inflamed surfaces, deep-seated inflammations, burns and
scalds.
Lobelia nicotianifolia, in asthma and bronchial affection!:?
LtjJa species, in ascites, enlarged spleen, infantile cirrhosis of the liver, piles, jaundice, worms, colic. dysentery,
dropsy, and externally in headache, jaundice, carbuncles, and
other foul ulcers, splenitis, haemorrhoids and leprosy.
Makaradhwaja in indigestion, fever, nervous debility, and
as an intestinal antiseptic.
Mctllotus philippinensis, in tape-worm and ringworm.
Malva sylvestris, -in coughs and colds ..
Mangifera indica, etc., in throat diseases, diarrhoea,
chronic dysentery, bleeding piles, round-wornas, leucorrhrea,
menorrhagia, acute gonorrhcea, scurvy, hrematemesis aphonia;
diabetes, and externally in parasitic skin diseases: bruises,
and cracks in the feet, etc.
Marrttbium vulgare r for colds, coughs and as a tonic.
, Matricaria chamomilla.-See:-Anthemis nobilis.
. Mel and its preparations, in bronchial affections, chronic
colds, pneumonia, heart-weakness, rickets, marasmus, scurvy;
infirmity of old age, mtmorrhagia, piles, diabetes and locally
APPENDICES
295
aphthre, thrush, sore nipples, h~adache, colic, bruises, sprains,

burns, scalds, ulcers, inflamed glands.
M elanleuca leucadendron, in flatulence, colic, diarrhrea,

hysteria, hiccup, dyspnrea, dysmenorrhrea, ne~ralgia, rheumatism, and low fevers, and externally rheumatic, muscular and
neuralgic pains, earaches, and skin affections.
Melia azadirachta, in intermittent fevers, (periodicague, malaria) convalescence, atonic dyspepsia, rheumatic
complaints, syphilis, intestinal worms, piles, urinary diseases,
uterine flux, jaundice, catarrhal affections,. and chronic skin
diseases, (leprosy) and externally in cases of small-pox.
rheumatism, foul ahd indolent ulcers, parasitic skin affections,
(erysipelas) scrofulous and glandular swellings, bruises, and
sprains.
Melia azadirach, in leprosy, scrofula, intestinal worms,
splenic enlargement, and locally nervous headaches and
eruptive skin diseases.
Mentha arvensis in diarrhrea and dyspepsia.
Mentha piperita, etc., in colic, vomiting, flatulence, and
other gastric disturbances, dysmenorrhrea, hiccup, palpitation
of the heart, as cordial for infants, and locally diphtheria, toothache, neuralgic and rheumatic pains.
Mentha viridis, as a stimulant to allay sickness and to'
relieve flatulency.
Menyanthes tnfoUata, is a good tonic, useful for liver
trouble, scurvy and other skin diseases.
Mesua fen'ea, etc., in bleeding piles, dyspepsia, dysentery,
and locally severe colds and skin affections.
Mica and its preparations, in anremia, chlorosis, jaundice,
biliousness, chronic diarrhrea, dyspepsia, dysentery, nervous
debility, impotence, chronic fever, hectic fev~, phthisis,
enlarged spleen, urinary diseases, anasarca, s<:urvy, cachectic
conditions, asthma, intestinal worms, chronic bronchitis, colic,
gonorrhrea, spermatorrhrea, rheumatism, piles, heart-diseases,
paralysis, leprosy, diabetes, and eye-diseases.
Miche~ia champaca, etc., in flatulence, dyspepsia, chronic
gastritis, colic, gonorrhrea, and renal diseases, and locally
abscesses, gout, rheumatism, cephalalgia, and fretid discharges
from the nostrils.
Mimosa species, in calculus complaints, piles and fistula,
diseases arising from eorrupt blood and bile, and externally
fistulous sores, hydrocele and glandular swellings, eye-inflammations, white leprosy, skin eruptions, boils and bums.
296
THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA.
M' usops eiangi, hexandlt'a, etc., to increase fertility in
wome~:nin painful mic~urition, stone in the bladder, and in
fevers, as nutr~tive tomc, ~nd. externally wounds and ulcers,

headache, obstmate constIpatIOn, loose teeth, spongy gums,
salivation, muCOUS dischctrge from the nose, bladder and
urethra.
111omordica species, in bilious affections, piles, jaundice,
worms, leprosy, dysmenorrhoea, and externally intractable.
ulcers, and other skin affections; burning in the feet, night
blindness, liver complaints of children; headache and inflammation caused by contact with the urine of the house-lizard.
Moringa oleifera, in intermittent fever, epilepsy, chronic
rheumatism, dropsy and dyspepsia.
Moringa pterygosperma, etc., in ascites, gout, calculi,
rheumatism, enlarged liver or spleen dropsy, intermittent
fevers, influenza I coughs, spasmodic affections of the throat,
bronchi and the bowels epileptic and hysterical fits, and
externally in fainting fits, comatose conditions, glandular
swellings, headache, earache, toothache, bites of rabid animals,
inflamed parts to relieve spasms and to expedite delivery.
Moschus Moschiferus and its preparations, in hoarseness,
chronic cough, typhoid conditions, low and adynamic fevers,
delirium tremens, coma, meningitis, brain affections, tetanus,
epilepsy, hysteria, colic, spasmodic affections, palpitation of the
heart, colliquative sweats, mental and bodily fatigue, insomnia,
metas~ic gout, lung affections, dyspepsia and t9 increase manly
vigour.
Mucuna pruriens, etc., in dropsy, dyspepsia, worms, colic,

leucorrhcea, spermatorrhcea, impotence, nervous diseases and
externally for elephantiasis and scorpion stings.
Musa sapientum, etc., in sprue, catarrhal and inflammatory
diarrhcea, dysentery, dropsy, piles, scanty micturition, scurvy,
acidity, healtburn, gastritis, flatulence, gonorrhcea, intoxication of drunkards, dysmenorrhcea, menorrhagia, strum.ous
affections and externally hremorrhages, and as eye-shade in
eye-diseases.
Syrup banana, in bronchitis.
Musscenda frondosa, in collapse, fainting, and enlarged
glands, ulcers, etc.
Myrica sapida, etc., in throat and lung affections, phthisical diarrhcea, chronic gonorrhcea, and gleet and externally
scrofulous and aphthous ulcers, earache, nasal catarrh, and
headache, toothache, arld, piles. '
...
'~
APPENDICES
297
Myristica jragmns, etc., in summer diarrhcea, cholera,

humeral asthma, colic, neuralgia, spasmodic cough, obstructions of the liver and spleen and' externally chronic rheuma,tism, sprains, paralysis and painful cramps in cholera.
'
Myristica malaba;ica, in nervous diseases and externally
chronic rheumatism, earache and indolent ulcers.
Myrtus caryophyllus, in dyspepsia, indigestion, asthma,
mucous diarrhcea, debility and externally rheumatic pains,
headaches, toothaches and coryza.
.
Myrtus communis, in affections of the respiratory organs
and the bladder, diarrhcea, dysentery and externally rheumatic affections, hremorrhages, fcetid ulcerations, deep sinuses,
skin diseases, leucorrhcea, prolapsus of the uterus, wounds
and baldness.
Ivlytilus margar.itiferus and preparations, in impotency,
cough, phthisis, asthma, heart-burn, ardor urinre, nervous
diseases, chronic headache, epilepsy and other convulsive
attacks, piles, gonorrhcea, gleet, leucorrhcea, spermatorrhoea,
heart disease, dyspepsia, jaundice, biliousness, diabetes,
general debility, urinary diseases, and to prevent abortion.
Nardostachys jatamansi, in typhoid symptoms, epilepsy,
hysteria, and other nervous, convulsive ailments; palpitation
of the heart, gastric disorders, general and semin91 debility.
N elumbium speciosum, in coughs, heart diseases, phthisis,
diarrhcea, menorrhagia, chronic fevers, bleeding piles and other
hremorrhagic affections, externally leprosy and other skin
affections, cephalalgia, and to cool the head and eyes.
Nerium odorum, etc., in menstrual and renal complaints,
and externally hremorrhoids, cancers, ulcerations, and other
skin complaints, snake and other venomous bites, and in
ophthalmia.
Nicotia'na tahacum, etc., for external use/in rheumatic
affections, spasmodic coughs, nervous irritability, chronic
giddiness, and fainting, colic and gripes, and to the spine in
tetanus.
Nigella sativa, etc., in intermittent fevers, diarrhcea, loss
of appetite, worms, dropsy, puerperal and uterine diseases,
locally in aphonia, skin diseases, swellings in hands and feet,
. and to preserve clothes from the ravages of insects.
Nyctanthes arbortristis, in chronic bilious, malarial and
intermittent fevers, colds,' rheumatism, sciatica, and externally
to cure scurvy and affections of the scalp, etc.
Nyrllphcea species, in heat of the body, diabetes, piles,
dyspepsia, diarrhcea, internal hremorrhages, and externally in
298
THE INDIAN lVIATERIA MEDICA.
ophthalmia, and as lotion for bad legs and ulcers, and in putrid
sore-throat as a gargle.
,
,()chrocarpus langifolius, in dysentery, irritability of the

stomach, excessive sweating and externally toothache.
Ocimm1L species, in colds, catarrhal fevers, respiratory
affections (asthma), dysentery, gastric, genito-urinary and
renal diseases, hepatic. affections and externally earache,'
rheumatism, nasal myosis, ozcena, swollen hands or feet and
skin diseases.
Oldenlandia herbacea, in malarial fevers:
Onosma echioides, for cutaneous eruptions, as cardiac
tonic in rheumatism and diseases of the heart.
Ophelia chirata, (See: -Swertia chirata) , in fevers a:nd
liver ailments.
Ophio1'rhiza nmngos, in bites of snakes and mad dogs.
Orchis mascula, in phthisis, diabetes; chronic diarrhcea,
and dysentery, impotency, hemiplegia, paralytic affections.
Origanum. vulgare, lor female complaints, colds, fevers
and to promote pel,"spiration.
Oryza sativa, in irritable and inflammatory state of the
stomach, bowels or kidneys, dyspepEia, gastric ~d duodenal
ulcers, eruptive fevers and externally inflammatory affections
.
of the skin; burns and scalds, wounds and ulcers.
Os sepie and its preparations, in itches, prickly heat and
other skin diseases, otorrhrea and conjunctivitis.
Osterea edulis and its preparations, in diarrhrea, dyspepsia,
and chronic intestinal disorders, phthisis, abdominal tumours,
enlarged liver and spleen, loss of appetite and seminal weakness.
Oxalis c01niculata. in dyspepsia, datura poisoning, dysentery, enteritis, prolapsus of the rectum, piles, difficult micturition, and externally in bilious headaches, and to remove corns
warts and other skin excrescences.
.,.'
Pmderia, fmHda, in colic, spasm, rheumatism, gout and
externally in rheumatism with contraction and sfiffness of the
joints, and in toothache;
Pceonia emodi, in colic, uterine disorders, epilepsy, bilious
obstructions, diarrhcea, an'd externally bruises, sprains, etc.
Pandanus odotatissimus, in sterility and threatened
abortion, and externally ,headaches, rheumatism, earache,
epilepsy, and throat affections.
APPENDICES
299
Papaver somniferum, in diarrhcea, dysentery, diabetes,

coughs, bronchitis, asthma, Writable heart and angina, rheumatism, tumours, cancer, carbuncle, abscesses and ulcers, insomnia, colic visceral obstructions, intestinal and genitourinary irritatipns and spasmodic inflammatory pains, nervous
weakness and exhaustion, neuralgia, mental excitement, violent
delirium, and externally sprains, contusions, spasms, uterine
affections, iITitable ulcers, toothache, earache, ophthalmia,
chronic rheumatism, enlarged and inflamed glands, painful
piles, and pains of various sorts.
Par'fl1elia perlata, in dysentery, diarrhcea, dyspepsia, spermatoIThcea, and amenorrhcea.
Pavetta indica, in ascites, renal dropsy, visceral obstruc:..
tions and externally painful piles.
Pavo'nia odorata, in internal hc:emorrhages and inflalllmamations.
Pedalium mnrex, in calculi, urinary irritations, impotency,
uterine and puerperal diseases, and locally ulcers.
Pegannm harmala, in asthma, coliG, jaundice, amenprrhcea,
tape wonus, intermittent and remittent fevers,_ including
ro.alaria, and locally palsy and lumbago.
Pericampylus inca nus, in snake bites.
Periploca aphylla, in cerebral fever.
Peteroselinum sativum, in uterine and rellal diseases,
epileptic fits, and externally sore eyes and breasts.
Peterospermum species, in uterine diseases, lepros)r, blood
diseases and externally nervous headache.
Peucedanwm sper;ies, in flatulency, gastric:: and intestinal
disorders, and externally rheumatic joints, boils and abscesses.
I
Phaseolus species, in gastro-intestinal catarrh, or inflammation, piles, paralysis, cystitis, rheumatism, liver and nervous
affections, leucorrhcea and seminal debility, and externally
aching bones and joints, abscesses, inflammations, ophthalmia,
and neuralgias.
Phoenix species, in general debility, ague, bronchial and
genito-urinary affections, and externally headaches, piles,
ophthalmia and corneal opacity.
Phyllanthus species, in jaundice, genito-urinary diseases,
dysentery, diabetes, and.t!xternally ulcers and inflammations,
spongy and bleeding gums, uvulitis and tonsilitis.
Physalis species, in ciiarrhcea, dysentery, an<emia, gout,.
rheumatism, nephritis and urinary diseases.
300
THE INDIAN l\L-\ TERIA MEDICA
Picron'hiza KU1"Toa, in intestinal obstructions, dyspepsia,

and neurosis of the stomach and bowels, worms, elephantoid,
bilious and malarial fevers.
Pimpinella anisttm, in bronchial and gastro-intestinal complaints and locally headache and flatulent colic.
Pinus spec,ies, in hronchial affections, chronic rheumatism,
skin diseases, flybites, sciatica, gout, cholera, dysentery, used
as an astringent injection in certain female complaints, leucorrhrea, gleet, urethritis, seminal debility, gleet and
gonorrhrea, externally indol~nt ulcers, abscesses, enlarged
liver, flatulency, colic spasm, convulsions, parasites, lice
tympanites, and painful chest.~
Piper cubeba, in leucorrhrea, bronchitis, and laryngitis.
Piper nigrum, in cough, stomach-ache, worms, malaria
and piles.
Piper species, in couh and catarrh, Inflammations of the
nose, throat, larynx and bronchi, constipation, worms, colic,
tympanites, dysPepsia, diarrhrea, gastritis, and renal diseases,
acute and chronic gonorrhrea, gleet, and cystitis, visceral
enlargements and externally boils, piles, paralysis, toothache,
earache and painful eye affections.
Pistacia species, (See also:-Rhus succedanea), in gonorrhrea, leucorrhrea, impotency, phthisis, sluggish liver, catarrhs
of the respiratory and urinary passages, and externally dental
caries, toothache, sore mouth and tongue. ,
Pla,ntago 'ispagula; P. ovata, etc., in irritable and inflammatory conditions of the respiratory, gastro-intestinal, and
genito-urinary organs, intestinal ulceration, (acute and chronic
dysentery), piles, and externally rheumatic and gouty affeciions, swellings and irritable surface of the skin.
Plantago majm', for insect bite,S, diarrhrea, piles, and in
blood
impurities.
I
Plantago ovata, in chronic dysentery, cystitis, gonorrhrea,
and functional derangements of the digestive system.
Plantago species, in secondary syphilis, skin diseases,
leprosy, piles, liver and spleen enlargements, gastric and
digestive complaints, ,abortion, post-partum haemorrhage,
(uterine ailments), rheumatic complaints, and externally in
skin qiseases, enlarged glands, rheumatic and paralytic
affections.
Plumbago zeylanica, increases digestive powers, useful in
dyspepsia, piles, anasarca , diarrhre:;t and skin diseases; applied
to abscesses.
~'-
APPENDICES
301
Plumbwn and its salts, in chronic diarrhrea, and discharges

from gastro-intestinal and genito-urinary organs, night sweats
of ,phthisis, epilepsy, aneurysm of the aorta, and hypertrophy
of the heart, and externally excoriations, contusions, sprains,
baldness, itching, skin diseases, small-pox, piles and eye complaints.
Podophyll-u,m emodi and P. hex(tndnLm, in torpid liver
bilious fevers.
Podophyllum peltatum, a powerful medicine, exercising
an influence on every part of the body. Small doses frequently
given are the best; excellent for scrofulous and dyspeptic
complaints.
Pogostemon patchaul'i, in scanty urine and in biliousness.
Polyporus officinalis, in night sweats, of phthisis, spasmodic
cough and extemany inflamed breasts and leech bites.
Pongamia glabra, P. pinnata, etc., in flatulency, dyspepsia,
diarrhrea, bleeding piles, gonorrhrea, urethritis, diabetes; bronchitis, whooping cough and externally skin diseases, (scabies,
herpes and foul ulcers, psoriasis and pityriasis), rheumatism,
lymphatic glands, fistula in ano, and leprosy.
bladder and bowels, scurvy and externally erysipelas, burns,
scalds and various skin diseases.
Portulaca species, in diseases of the lungs, liver, kidneys,
bladder and bowels, scurvy and externally erysipelas, burns,
scalds and various skin diseases.
Potassi nitras, in cough, externally on painful joints and
asthmatic fits.
Potassium carbonas impura, in dropsy, erythema of skin,
and typhoid fever.
Potassi1pn salts, in urinary diseases, gonorrhrea, uric acid
diathesis, uterine irritability, haemorrhages from internal
organs, enlarged lymphatic and secreting glands, enlarged
spleen, cirrhosis of the liver, with ascites, dropsy, asthma, and
bronchial affections, piles, dysentery, colic, intestinal worms,
dnd locally chrome skin diseases, gout and rheumatism,
eruptive fevers, bruises and abrasions, headache an? delirium.
Prunus amygdalus, etc., in bronchial diseases, earache,
painful urinary and kidney, affections, diabetes, torpid and
enlarged liver ~nd sple~n, piles, gonorrhCEa, and externally
neuralgias, irritaMe sores and skin eruptions.
Psidimn gti:yava, etc., in constipation, g,out,
prolapsus ani, SQUrvy and locally swollen gums.
diabetc~.
302
THE INDIAN l\1JA TERIA MEDICA
Psoralea coryUfolia, in leucoderma, leprosy and skin

diseases.
Pterocarpus -marsupium, in diarrhrea, pyrosis etc., and
locally toothache, boils, sOljes and other skin diseal?es.
Pterocarpus species, ui bleeding piles, hremorrhages,
chronic dysentery, leucorrhrea, gastralgia and locally inflammations, piles, headaches, and superficial excoriations .of the
genital organs and herpes zoster.
Ptychotis ajowan, etc.) in flatulence, indigestion, colic,
dyspepsia, diarrhrea, cholera, biliousness, hysteria, worms,
spasmodic affections, dipsomania and externally rheumatic
and neuralgic pains, cramps in the limbs, poisonous insect
bites and diseases of the ear and nose.
Punica granatum, in chronic diarrhrea, dysentery and
other chronic bowel complaints, tapeworms, chronic feverishness, consumption, splenic enlargement, piles and locally
relaxed. sore throat, vaginal and uterine discharges and
ulcers.
P'Lltranjiva Roxburghii, for sterility .in women.
Pyrethrum indicum, in rheumatism, gout, enlargement of
the liver and spleen, and worms.
Pyrus species, in dyspepsia, gonorrhoea, dysentery. and
other inflammations of the mucous membranes, calculi, gouty
and rheumatic complaints, sick headaches, chronic catarrh of
the mouth and throat.
Quassia excelsa, etc., in dyspepsia, anorexia, bilious fevers,
hysteria, worms, and locally thread worms.
Quercus infectoria, in diarrhoea, gonorrhoea, gleet,
leucorrhoea, and other vaginal discharges, (menorrhagia) and
internal haemorrhages, and locally prolapsus recti, relaxed
sore-throat, enlarged tonsils, haemorrhoids, etc.
Quinetum, in gastric disorders, intermittent fever, convalescence, and debility after fevers, enlarged spleen and neuralgias.
Quinine, in fevers, (intermittents and agues)., pneumonia,
and acute. rheumatism, pyaemia and all exhausting suppurative conditions.
'
Randia dumetorium, 41 diarIjhoea, dysentery, colic, rheu~
matism, asthma, bronchial and chest affections and locally
headaches, orchitis, acne, etc'.
Raphanus sativus, in gonorrhoea, piles, gastrodynia, and
other gastric affections l urinary diseases and scurvy .
'0
'oy
".'~
APPENDICES
303
,Raupya bhasma, in inflammation of mucous membrane.

neuritis, and neuralgia.
Rouwolfia, serpentina, in bites of poisonous reptiles, and
insects, corneal opacity, and internally colic, cholera and other'
painful bowel affections, insanity, to reduce high blood pressure, (i.e., in hyperpiesis), and insomnia.
Rhamnus wightii, in enlarged spleen.
Rheum emodi, in diarrhoea and that due to teething,
atonic dyspepsia, chronic dysentery, duodenal ~atarrh, and
jaundice; externally used on plague glands, but prohibited in
gout, rheumatism, epilepsy or any uric acid disease, owing to
the oxalic acid it contains.
Rheum palmatum, small dose will cure dip.rrhoea, large
dose is a safe aperient.
Rhinacanthus communis, in ringworm, and Dhobie's itch.
Rhus succedania, (See also:-Pistacia integerrima), etc.,
in cough, asthma, enlarged glands, catarrhal fever, and bronchial troubles, infantile diarrhoea, etc., due to teething and
externally obstinate skin diseases, bleeding gums, epistaxis,
gleet, leucorrha>a, and other mucous discharges.
Ribes nigrum, for hoarseness, sore throat, coughs, and
catarrh generally.
.
Ricinus communis, in inflammatory condition of the
bowels and urinary organs, jaundice and enlarged spleen, infantile diarrhoea, lying-in-state, piles, painful affections of the
rectum, any foreign and "irritant body in the stomach; nerYOllS and articular rheumatic affections, and locally gouty and
rheumatic swellings, deficient mammary secretion, sore nipples, conjunctivitis, foreign body in eyes and ears.
Rosa species, in sore throat, enlarged tonsils, night sweats
of phthisis, uterine and pulmonary haemorrllages, and locally
throat affections, aphthae, burning of. tl).e skin, and eye-diseases.
Rosebay, in gout, rheumatism, neuralgia, constipation,
chronic affections of the testes, and filariasis,
Rourea santaloides, in rheumatism, scurvy, syphilis, diabetes, pulmonary complaints, and externally ull;!ers, and other
skin diseases.
\.
Rubia cordifolia, etc., in dropsy, paralysis, jaundice. amenorrhoea, and visceral obstructions and ext~rm;!lly inflammations, burns, ulcers and other skin diseases.
Rumex a~etosci, 01' R. acetosella, in kidney complaints,
fevers, and a~ a cooling drink as well as a salad.
304
ex crispus, efc., in scurvy and other skin eruptions,

R
. h epatlc
. d'Isor d ers, r h euma t'1sm,
hTUin scrofula, d yspepsla,
f~/t~~~ubles, laryngeal cAtarrh, chronic dysentery, piles, and
, locally toothache, spongy gums and burns.
Ruta graveolims, in flatulent-colic, hysteria, female complaints, infantile convulsions, worms, bronchial and pulmonary
affections and externally paralysis.
Saccharum officinarum, etc., in disorders due to pitta and'
vata, lead colic, urinary diseases, dystenery, strangury, sperma-'
tordlOea, and in poisoning by copper, arsenic, or corrosive sublimate, and externally foul ulcers, carbuncles, boils, bums,
obstinate headache, poisonous insect bites, country sore eyes,
foreign bodies in the eye, mammary abscesses, night sweats
-of phthisis arid haematuria.
"
Saline substances, in colic, indigestion, flatulence, enlarged liver and spleen, dyspepsia, bowel complaints;' abdominal tumours, intestinal worms, dysentery, etc.
- SaUx alba, in fevers of l;heumatic origin, diarrhoea, and
dysentery.
Salix nigra, in ovarian disorders, and as a poultice.
Lalvadora species, in low fever, amenorrhcea, scurvy,
snake-bites and poisons of various sorts, enlarged spleen,
rheumatism, tumours and lithiasis, and externally to strengthen teeth and gums, and to paiful tumours, piles and rheumatic jonts. "
Salvia nworacroftiana, in bronchial affections and colds.
Sansevieria zeylanica (See:-S. Roxburghiana), as a purgative, tonic and cardiac stimulant.
Santalum album. in .gastric irritability, dysentery, gonorrhoea, gleet, urethral haemorrhage, pyelitis, chronic cystitis,
etc., bronchial c8tarrh, and externally scabies, and other skin
diseases, and eruptions, prickly heat, profuse sweating, pimples on the nose, headaches and fevers.
Santalum rubrnm, (decoction), in leucorrh!?,ea.
Sapindas trifoliatus, etc., in colic, worms, venombus bites,
hemicrania, hysteria, epilepsy, gout, rheumatism, paralysis,
and extsrnally poisonous insect bites, amenorrhoea, apd difficult and delayed labour.
Saraca indica, in uter,ine affections especially in menorrhagia, and haOO1orrhages, bleeding piles, and dysentery.
SaUSS'LLrea lappa, etc., in cough, bronchial asthma, dyspepsia, cholera, chronic rheumatism, and externally skin
, APPENDICES,
"
305,
-diseases, tumours, cephalalgia diseased jointsJ w~und~" and

ulcers.
<. '. : 0,:. !.~ ~
. 'Saxifraga ligUlata, in diarrhoea, cough, grave,l, and. ~n~'
in bladder, uric acid;diathesis, opium.poisonj.ng; and externally,
in teething' among chHdren; boils and eye~affections~ .' ; l ' I
Soilla Indica, in cough, strangul'S, dysuria and dropsy_ ;
j
"s.'
> .
. S~indapsus ofjici:nalis, 'j.p. diarrhoea, asthma and phlegrrtatic

affeHions.
:! .
.; ,
"
"',
. .:' S~:n'ecarpus anacardi1i:';~J \n scrqfulous affet:tions, :s~h1lis!
leprosY, palsy, paraplegia, epilepsy \ and other nervous diseil~es,
dsypepsia, asthma, bronchitis, anaemIa, som,~ '~vers, ',enla'rged
spleen, piles, acute arthritis, rheumatic and. gouty complaints,
chrpnie gastritis, neuritis;' chronic arsenical poisoning, dysmenorrhoea, amehorrho~'~, and externally scrofulous,' venera!
and leprous affections, enll!rged glands, warts and, piles,
'S~rpent poison pl:epara,~ions, in ~ol1apse stage of fever;
cholera, ascites, plague, low fevers With brain coinplication~
and.c~rdiac and resP4'atory weakness, chr,onic malarial fevers;
an~', ~xt~~ally le':lcodern'u~,
.
"
.
., S~sa:mum indicum etc.; iIi gonorrhoea, dysenteri~' bleed.:
ing piles,. amep.orrhrea, dysmenqrrhrea, and externally butri~;
scalds, wounds, ulcerS and other- 'skin' diseases and eye:'complaintsl; ..
". Sesbania sp'ecies, in diarrhoea, 'menorrhagia, enlarged
spleen, smallpox, eruptive fevers, worms, and externally in,.
flammatory rheumatic .swelli:ngs, hydrocele, boils, abscessesi
and cutaneous eruptions.
'
-Sevum preparatum,' in excoriations, cracks, fissures:. etc .
. ShHh;r,jaitt" or dShilajit" 'increases flow of digestiVe !;eere!
tion arid helps absorption, in diabetes. sexual wea:kness,
gonorrhoea and gleet, chronic bronchitis, 'phthisiS, asthma; ner.J.
vous diseases.
.,
,
Shore a 'robusta, in dysentery, diarrhoea, bleeding p'i1es~
gonorrhoea, and externally lumbago, chilblains, ulcers and
other skin diseases.
Sida acuta etc., in febrile affections, convalescence, dy~
pepsia, chronic bpwel complaints, intestinal worms, rheumatic
affections, gonorrhoea and externally boils and abscesses.
Sida cordifolia, as cardiac and ~ervine tonic, in bleeding
piles, colic, tenesmus, gop.orrhoea, haematuria, strangury,
spermatorrhoea, leucorrhoea, cystitis, chronic dysentery, nervous diseases, and externally elephantiasis, nervous and rheumatic affections, ophthalmia and boils.
20
'l'.EiE INDIAN'MA'i'ERlA MEDICA

S'da rhombifolia, etc., in rheumatism, calculus troubles~,
ono~hoea, gleet, and scalding urine.
g S'egesbeckia oriental'iS, etc., in ague; rheumatism, renal
r c t scrofulous and syphih'tic affections, diseases of the
~~:thra, and externally ringworm and other parasitic eruptions and gangrenous sqres.
Silicate of magnesia, ill diarrhoea and to heal wounds.
Siticium salts, in dysentery, ardor urinae, anuria, internal
haemorrhages, gonorrhoea, calculus affections, obstinate vomiting, diarrhoea, menstrual disorders, and locally bums and
scalds, syphilitic ulcers, chronic skin diseases, aphthae, epis.taxis and inflamed glands.
Sinapis juncea, in drunkenness, narcotic and other poisonings, and externally in apoplexy, convulsions, delirium, violent
headache, sleeplessness, cholera, colic, spasms of the bowels,
vomiting, retching coughs, difficult breathing, whooping cough,
toothache, faceache, and other neuralgic pains and chest affections.
Smilax china, chinensis, etc., in rheumatism. gout, epilepsy, scrofula, chronic nervous diseases, seminal weakness
and syphilitic cachexia.
Smilax ornata, as general purifier for the blood.
Soda carbonas impura, in distention of stomach and colic.
Sodii Biboras, or Sodium Biborate, in thrush, sore nipples, inflamed piles, pruritis of genitals, parasitic ulcers, 'irregular menses, uterine inertia, tedious labour, dyspepsia and
liver complaints.
.
Sodium chloridum, in cholera, chronic rheumatism, sciatica, joint diseases, liquifies sputum in children; externally to
wasp stings, to rdestroy lice in hair, jaundice, to black~n hair,
and to reduce inflanunation.
Sodium salts and preparations, in acidity of the stomach,
cholera, painful dyspepsia, diarrhoea, flatulence, anorexia,
congested liver, urinary diseases, uric acid gravel, anuria.
Bright's disease, typhoid fever, malarial fever, influenza,
rheumatism, gout, ascites, menstrual irregulafity, and puerperal convulsions, spasmodic and phlegmatic complaints, epilepsy, heart-disease, Qysteria, intestinal worms, and externally
in skin diseases and sloughing ulcers, sore nipples,- fissures,
inflamed piles, distressing irritation of the genital organs,
vaginal discharges, aphthae, thrush, sore throat, parasitic
stomatitis. urethritis. gonorrhrea, J?urulent ophthalmia, diphtheria, inflamed glands, influenza, chest diseases, thread worms,
neuralgic headaches, oz.oena, rh~umatic and muscular pains.'
i'
i APP}'1NDICES
'307
Sola1tunt dulcama1'a, in scrofula, syphilis, chronic rheumatIsm, skin diseases and catatrhal affections.
Solanum indicum, etc., in asthma, dry and spasmodic
cough, chest pains, chronic fevers, colic" flatulence, worms,
dysl,lria, dropsy enlarged liver and spleen, and externally toothache.
,Solanum jacquini, in cough, asthma, catarrh and pain in
'the chest.
Solanum nig1'um, etc., in anasarca, heart-disease, fevers,
coughs, enlarged liver and spleen, and externally rheumatic
',and gouty joints, skin diseases and painful swollen testicles.
Solanum tube1'osum, in scurvy, chronic cough, gout and
locally burns.
Solanum xanthocarpum, in kidney diseases.
Sonchus species, in ascites and hydrothorax.
Soymida jebrifuga, in dysentery, diarrhoea, intermittent
fevers, general debility, and externally rheumatic swellings. .
>.
Sphae1'anthus hirtus, etc., in bilious affections, goitre and

other tumours, worms, ble~ding piles, jaundice, glandular
swellings, impotence and skin diseases.
Spilanthus oleracea, etc., in toothache, irritation of the
gums, salivation, headache, paralysis of the tongue, stammering, and locally inflammation of the periosteum of the jaw.
Spinacia oleracea, etc., in headache, indigestion, applied

to head to promote hair growth, fevers, inflammation of the
lungs & bowels, urinary calculi, ankylostoma and locally sore
throat.
Spondias mangijera, etc., in bilious dyspepsia, scurvy,
dy~ntery, gonorrhoea, and leucorrhoea, wounds caused by
poisoned arrows, and locally earache.
Spongia ofjicinalis, in dysentery, diarrhrea, and other
bowel complaints, and externally for absorbing liquids, dilating cavities and suppurating prolapsed parts.
Squalus carcharius, preparations in cachexia, pulmo:p.ary
consumption, atrophy of body, scrofulous abscesses, suppuratiI,lg glands, affections of the joints and bones, ulcerations, dis,charges from the nose or ears, and skin diseases, stricture of
the rectum, chronic hydrpcephafus, spasmodic coughs and affections, chronic rheumatism, and neuralgia. '
Stannum preparations, in diseases of the blood, lungs and
genito-urinary organs, gonorrhoea, spermatorrhoea, diabetes,
'gleet, loss o.f me.mo~y. h~n:optysi7' .~al'aly,s~s, asthrnlitf impotency, dyspepsIa,. uaund1f,e, ,:constipatIOn, and ,skin, c;lis~~es.
Ste'rcuiUj.';acYj1tiin!ita;' hi physicaland 'netvouS fatigu~. and

.locallY wotihd~fJetc .. ,,'
t 1; ,:
,.. ~'.)
,
,'1
i " , "'.':.,'"
} Strychn6; ~o7.iib'rina, 'etc'.; ;in ; obstilia't~' )mala:rial fev.~fs,
cachexia and dyspepsia.
. l;' ,.;
St;yc'iinbs i~'itatiit, in' choiera, a'sthma, dropsy, pil~~, and.
externally swellings.
)
'1' :~,.'~~rydt1~okt'1~~,~vp'~ntc~J: 1in. 'b:on~hitis" di~betes, In~k~it''teIits, aysp(:lpSla,' chrome constIpatIOn, from atony of the bowels,
";chf1Jrit6 ay~elYierY;;ktbnic''drarrhoea, 'prolapsus of the re<iitiIh,
;"'goulYj rheumatic;. 'patalyti<:: and 'neuralgic a:ffection~, 'worms,
tobacco-amaurosis, insomnia from over-fatigue,' hydi_.o~hobi'a,
bronchitis, emp.hY$~ma, :phthisi.:,?, impoten.cy, spasmodj.c diseases, sperm.~~o:q.l:lO~a,j 1?;x~eSsive v~~erYI alcoholis!U,.: opium
and lead poisoning'; ~dch.irmil iiicontirience, retEm.tion
urine
arid externally headtich~~; sw61lep, glandS, bedema of the 'hands
fe~t lilid abdorrH~h, ra:t~ bifes" iirld 'ibites of' venbm'o'us\ reptiles,
r muscular and .chronic rhev.matism" palsy; and hypodermically
in narcotic poi's~ning,. Rllfonic alc'oholism and snake-bites.rl:'il
,.
>
or
>
Strychnos
potatotum, in' chronic') diarrhoea, diabites.

ir!(itatiol\ oflthe llrin.ary' organs, and ex~ernal
ly
iri lachrymatjon;
,ch~rnosis in _the
conjunctiva and to boils.
. _! .
. \ \.
t
l
gpn~rrhoea"Clnd
f ,
J'
~.
!.
.'_'li.\Styrax'benzbiJn, in 'jaundice, inc6rl:tine'nce"of rirlni:!, ~al~ul ~u~"J?i~orders, ~,istre~s~ng <;pughs, apd e){t~~tfanY, l?pr~geal,
t>ropchlal and spf1~modl$ t coughs, cuts anc! wouu;<ls, foul. Jnd:<>lent ulcers, and .irtitable~, ~kin .eruptions" and uterine ;dis'charges. .
' . , ; ,
Sudarshana ~hunta, ,in perioqic fever ..1
, . Sulphur and iM preparations,. in habitual con,stipatib-n,
piles, prolapsus, st!ictut'e, chronic dysentery, epilepsY"'IDld
nervous diseases, chronic skin diseases, coughs" phthisis,
chronic bronchitis with fever,' asthma, enlarged liver and
spleen acidity and dyspepsia, gout, chronic fevers, rheumatism,
worms and blood parasites, tympanites, colic, tiscites, mehingitis, and externally skin diseases, scrofulbusl rheumatic and
other painful joints.
Suvarna makshika, (See: -Aurum), as a biood pii.rifi~l:.

,swnrna bhaS1Jw., (See,: -Aurum), in nervousness, chronic
fevers, tuberculosis, neurasthenia, heart-disease, and anremia.
Swarna or Suvarna Vanga.
rhoea and spermatorrh6~a.
(See:-Aurum), in leucor-
APPENDICES
309
Swertia chirata, etc., (See: -Ophalia chirata):, in chronic

malarial fevers, anaemia, dyspepsia, catarrhs, enlarged .spleen
and. liver.
Swertlia decussata, (See also:-Aspha'ltum), 'as nervine
tonic.
'
Symplocos racemosa, etc., in bowel complaints', <lropsy,
liver affections, fevers, uterine complaints, acute dysentE;!ry.
chyluria, filariasis, and externally eye diseases, spongy and
bleeding gums relaxed ovula, boils and other malignant.'
growths.
Syzigium jambulanum, in diabetes.
Tabernamontana species, in diarrhoea, worms, and externally ophthalmia, toothache, abscesses, and' other skin' dis'i
eases.' '
':....
"
Tamarindus indica, in acidity, dyspepsia, constip~tion,

intoxication from datura and spirituous liquor,s, scu,rvy, biliousneSs, bleeding piles, dysentery, scalding' urine, colic 'and
externally inflammatory sw~Ilings, aphthce, whooping cough,
sore throats, and indolent :ulcer~.
'
,
I
'Tamarix ga.llica~ etc., in leucorrhoea, dysentery, diarinoea,
cOl:ighs'1 and chronic' discharges, and exterrially' sloughing
ulcers, and phagodenic bubces~
, ",
.' ,
,.,
Taraxacum officinale, in 'liver and kidney obstructions,
viscetal diseases, dyspepsia, jaundlce, dropsy, chronic skin
disecises and cachectic disorders.
:. Techoma
undulata,
in'spleen diseases.
! A., !
.
t
:'
-:.
'l'erminalia arjuna, etc., in haemorrhages, and other flux-e,s,
diar,rhoea, dysentery, sprue, heart-diseases,. spermatorJ;l;l.Oea,
goiior'rh~a,' fractures, C'Ontusions, and e::dernfllly' ulcers; acne,
and other skin diseases.
. , ," .' I' . : r::
,I;~ Term,i1wlia belerica, in cough, sore tbJ.:oat, night p61Jution,
wpRJS; qyspepsia, dysppcea, dropsy, piies;C and diarrhcea, and
e~illfnally to inflanied parts, rheumatism,' opHthalmIa', etc:
Terminalia. catappa, etc., in headache, colic and locally scabies, leprosy, and other skin' diseases.
, ':Terminalia chebula, in fevers, coughs, . asthma,' 'urinary
diSeases;7piles, eye affections, worms, muscular rheumatism,
atonic dyspepsia, chronic diarrhcea, vomiting; dysentery, flatulence'" colic, enlarged spleep and liver, and externally aphthae,
chronic' ulcerations . burns, . scalds ahd other skin, diseases,
bleeding piles, and some vaginal 9iscnarges.
. J' . i'
, Tehn:inaUa tomentosa, etc., in atonic diarrhcea, and'locally indol;!nt ulcers.
, ,~ .
.- .'. \ I 'll S 1 <'
~t
310~
Thymus vu10?-ris, as a tonic and antiseptic generally us~d

in combination wIth others.
Tinospora cordifolia, ip chronic malarial fevers, chronic
rheumatism, and dyspepsi? after fevers.
Toddalia aculeata, etc.~ in remittent and malarial fevers,
diarrhoea, constitutional debility, convalescence after fevers,
and other exhausting diseases and externally rheumatism and.
boils.
Tmpa bispinosa, etc., in bilious.affections, diarrhoea, nervous and general debility, leucorrhoea and menorrhagia.
Tribult~s torrest1'is, etc., in diseases of the genito-urinary
system, calculous affections, bloody urine, gleet, cystitis, gonorrhoeal rheumatism, gout, uterine disorders, impotence, Bright's
disease with dropsy; spermatorrhoea, and phosphaturia,
,
Trichosanthes species, in bilious fevers, worms, skirl dis:
eases, leprosy, and externally headaches, earaches, sores in the
ears and nostrils and other ulcers, epilepsy and mental
troubles, congested liver and alopecia.
. . '>
Trigonella foenumgraecum, in dyspepsia, colic, flatulence,
dysentery, puerperal diarrhrea, rheumatism, chronic coughs,
dropsy, enlarged liver and spleen, scrofula, rickets, anaemia,
and externally leucorrhoea, burns, and inflamed parts.
Triphala churna, in constipation.
Triticum sativum, in lumbago, painful joints, epistaxis,
menorrhagia, poisoning by salts of mercury, copper, zinc, silver,.
tin and iodine and externally inflamed surfaces as erysipelas,
burns, scalds, tetter, ringworm, hollow ulcers and other skin
lesions.
i'
Tussilago farfara, for cough and is used as a basis of herbal smoking mixture.
.
Tylophora asthmatica, in dysentery, diarrhrea, respiratory affections, (bronchitis, whooping cough, asthma), syphili~
tic
, . rheumatism, gout, impurity of blood and locally gouty,
pams.
...
Uncal'ia gambir, as ointment with ghee in cancer, alone
in diarrhcea, chronic ulcers, obesity and frequent mic.turftion.
Urginea Indica, etc., in bronchitis, emphysema, .spasmodij::
croup, cardiac and renal dropsy, chronic Bright's disease,:
rheumatism, calculous and paralytic affections, :leprosy and
skin. diseases, and externally inveterate corns, warts and
burning of the sole~ of feet.,
Urine (cow's) and preparatiorr,s, in enlarged abdominal
viscera, painful dyspepsia, ascites, anasarca;. ,jaundicel
'"""'!""
APPENDICES
311
leprosy, chronic prurigo and other obstinate skin diseases.

Urine (goat's) preparations, in epilepsy, as laxative
and diuretic.
Urine (horse's), in phlegm, ringworm and intestinal
worms.
Urine (Ox's), in jaundice, worms, redema, and diar]"hrea.
Unica dioica, in bronchial and uterine catarrh, and
hremorrhage, nettle rash, asthma, and as a blood purifier and
tonic <Pld locally burns.
Valeriana species, in hysteria, neuralgia, epilepsy, chorea,
and other nervous conditions.
V mula Roxburghii, in secondary syphilis, rheumatic and
nervous diseases.
.
Vateria Indica, etc., for external use in chronic rheumatism, and other painful affections, carbuncles and other
ulcerations.
Verbascum thapsus, in coughs, asthma, bronchial and
other pulmonary complaints and locally inflamed parts.
Verrwnia anthelmintica, etc., in round-worms, threadwroms, white leprosy, and other chronic skill diseases and
externally for the same and rheumatism.
Vernonia cinerea, etc., in malarial and other fevers,

dropsy, spasm of the bladder, strangury, worms, blood-shot
eyes, and externally leprosy, guinea-worm and chronic skin
diseases.
.
'Viburnum fretidum, in uterine diseases, post partum
hremorrhage, threatened abortion, dysmenorrhrea, and after
pains.
Vinegar, for sponging the body in fevers;
uterine
hremorrhage, and as an application to bruises, headache,
scorpion bites and pruritus.
Viola species, in bilious and liver affections, kidney
diseases, prolapse of the rectum and uterus, coughs and
tightness of the chest in children.
VisCttm alba, or V. album, etc., in splenic and hepatic .
-enlargements, menorrhagia, hremorrhages, hysteria, epilepsy,
St. Vitus dance (chorea), nervous complaints, palpitation of
the heart and locally abscesses.
Vitex n-egundo, etc., in catarrhal dengue, and puerperal
fevers, splenic enlargement, irritable bladder, / rheumatism,
dyspepsia, colic, worms, diarrhrea, liver diseases, hremoptysis,
312
TIlE INDIAN MA:TERIA MEDICA
intestinal hremorrhage and' externally acute rheumati~.,

arthritis, orchitis, gonorrllreal epididymi,tis, enlarged spleen,
catarrh and headache, fretid, gangrenous and scrofulous
sores, glandular swelling, sinuses? syphilitic skin diseases.
Vitex peduncularis, in malaria, kala-azar,

feyer, and. hremoglobinuric fever.
black-water
..
Vitex trifolia, .in intermittents, enlarged spleen, amenorrhrea,. and locally rheumatic pains and sprains.
i' 'Vitis quadrangularis, etc.,
in bowel complaints, indigestion, irregular menstruation, scurvy, asthma; and externally fractures of bones, otorrhrea, and epistaxis.
Vitis vinifera, in bilious fever, anre~ia,' wasting diseases:
Heart-diseases, Bright's diseases, gout,' acid dyspepsia,
genito-urinary diseases, coughs, catarrhs, jaundice, rheumatism, chronic diarrhrea, piles, stone in the bladd e1l',;and
orchitis.
Vive1'ra civetta, in hysteria and nervous exhaustion.
. Withq,nia somnifera, etc., in alcoholi~~, emphyse~atolls
dyspnrea, consumption, general and seminal debility, nervoUs
exhaustion, loss of memory, leucori-hrea', spermatbrrhrea,
sterility, . lumbago, scrofulous and oilier glandular swellings,
and externally skin diseases, obstinate' ulcer's, carbuncles and
rheumatic swellings:
"
;' 'Wpodfqrd~a flo;ibunda, in diarrh~a, 4ysen~~iy app, '0!4el:
bowel complamts, mternal' hremorrhages,' leucorrhcea,. ~en~
orrhagia, piles, liver disor<Jers, and externally foul' ~lcers'
a#d wounds.
' . .}" ..
:.~:
~'
Wrightea antidysenterica, in chronic dysentery.
. Wrightlia ti?tc~oria, in piles, fever, diarrhrea, round wc;>rms
and colic.
,
"""" '
Xanthium strumarium, etc., in malarial fever, urinary
and renal complaints, gleet, leucorrhrea, menorrhagia, cancer
and struma.
....
Xanthoxylum species, in fever, dyspepsia, . urinary
diseases, skin diseases; rheumatism and locally to~th~che.
Zea mays, in irritable bladder and lithiasis.
Zinc salts, and preparations, in syphilitic and scrofulous
affections, chronic fever, gonorrhrea,' leucorrhrea, epilepsy,'
hysteria, whooping cough, asthma, dipsomania and exter~ally eye-dise_ases, abra~iohs, infl~med skin, eczema, wQunds,
l?urns and other skin afie_;:tions .
!,'
:f
.'_'
.::
APPENDICES
313
Zingiber officinale, or officinalis, in dyspepsia, flatulence,

colic, stomach ache, indigestion,. biliousness, vomiting, spasms,
diarrhcea, colds, coughs, asthma, throat complaints, intermittents, general dropsy, (but not in that of Bright's disease,
chronic heart disease>, gout and chronic rheumatism, and
externally neuralgias, headaches, cramps, fainting, vaginismus
and in the collapse s.tage of cholera.
Zingiber zerumbet, in coughs', asthma, worms, leprosy, and
skin diseases.
Zizyphus jujuba, etc., in bilious affections, diarrh<Eli, delirium, pectoral complaints and externally boils) abs<;esses,
carbuncles and other 1Jlcers.
PUBLICATIONS RElfERRED
~,:!-,O:
.. 1. Art of Dispensing & Pharmacy Management (1935),

by Anant S. Oltikar, Bombay.
2. Catalogue 1950 of The Homeo Chemical and Phar.maceutical Works, Ltd.; & Laboratory, Calcutta.
3. Practical Bazaar Medicines, (1920), by Col. G. T:
Birdwood.
4. Pharmacology & Therapeutics, (194S), by D.r. M.A.
Kamath.
5. Compilrative Study of Ayurved, (1927), by Lt.-Col.
.: Chitale. ,.,
.6.. F?inous Book of Herbs, by Heath & Heather, Ltd., St.
.. ' :t. Albans.
.
7>'Pharrriacology, Materia Medica & Therapeutics,
(1949) by Dr. B.M. Ghosh.
8. Indigenous Drugs Inquiry: A review of the Work,
(July, 1939) by Bt. Col. R.N. Chopra.
9. Indian Crude Drugs, Minerals, Economic Produce,
Arts and Manufactures (Price-list 1924) -by S. N. De,
'. M.Sc., (Botany) B.Sc., (Geology).
APPENDIX III
Equivalents & Substitutes for Imported Foreign etc.; Drugs
Drugs obtainable in India
Abrus precatorius, .:root &

Extract respectively.
Substitute for
Foreign or other drugs includ
ing British Pharmacopoeial
Drugs
Liquorice root and extract
. ,respectively.
TIiE INDIAN MATERIA, MEDICA

A
.n.cacia arablca,
tion
bark-decocI
Oak bark-decoction..,.-A~acia,
Senegal.
'
, , .,~
Acacia catechu (Extrac~

. Uncaria gambier.
from wood~.
Gum Arabic; Acacia Senegal
Acacia farnes~ana, l?~'
,
Acalypha indlca, JUlce of
Senega, (root).
plant.
Aconitum napellus.
Aconitum chasmanthum.
Aconitum ferox & other
species (root).
Aconite or Monkshood.
Aconitum heterophyllum,
Cinchona & its alkaloids.,
(root).
Adansonia digitata, (bark).
Quinine.
Senega.
Adhatoda Vasika.
Ailanthus malabarica.
Calumba root and Quassia.
Linseed oil.
Aleurites triloba, (oil).
Aleurites triloba, (oil of
seeds).
Castor oil.
Alhagi maurorum
Manna.
(Saccharine exud).
Allium cepa & A. sativum.
Smelling salts.
Aloe barbadensis; A.
,
indica; & A. litoralis
Barbadoes & Secotrine
(inspissated juice).
aloes; Aloe species.
,
Alstonia ~holaris (bark).
Cinchona & its alkaloidS.
English marsh mallow.
Althaea officinalis.
Amomum aromaticum,
Amomum Xanthioides,
(fruit),
Cardamoms.
Andrographis paniculata,
entire plant, (stalk &
roots).
_
Himalayam chireHa; &
Andropogon citratus &
Quassia.
other species, (volatile
oil).
Cajuput oil, (oil of cajuput).
. '"
Anethum graveolens or
Anethum Sowa, (fruit).
Common Dill.
Arachis hypogrea (oil of
seeds).
.'. Olive oil.
Areca catechu, (extract
from fruit).
", Pale catechu.
Argemone mexicana, (oil
of seeds).
Castor oil.
Aristolochia bracteata ;
(juice).
Quassia.
F
_'
APPENDICES
Aristolochia indica
( alkaloid) .
Aristolochia indica, (stem
& root).
_Artemisia brevifolia.
Artemisia maritima.
Astragalus strobiliferus.
Atropa accuminata,
_Azadirachta indica (bark).
Beliospermum montanum
(oil of seeds).
Balsamodendron mukul &
B. pubescens, (gum-resin) .. ,
Banga Bhasma.
.
Bassia latifolia, & B.
10ngifolia, (spirit distilled
from flowers).
Berberis aristata, root.
Berberis aristata, (barkextract).
Berberis asiatica, & other
species, (root bal"k).
Bertheiotia lanceoiata,
(leaves) .
Borassus flabelliformls,
(saccharine juice submitted acetous fermentation)
Borassus flabelliformis, (spirit
obtained from sa(!charine
juice or toddy).
Borassus flabellifm'mis,
(toddy poultice) ,
Borassus flabellifOl'mis,
(Downy substanc::e from
the base of the fronds)
Brassia butyracea (Concrete oil)
Brucca (nima) Quassioi.des (Root)
315
Colchicine.
Texan Serpentary (Serpentaria root) i.e., Aristolochia
reticulata.
Santonin; (Artemisia Cina
Berg).
Astragalus gummifer.
Atropa belladonna.
Cinchona & its alkaloids.
Croton oil.
Myrrh.
Stannoxyl (patent).
Wine; Brandy; & Proof and
Rectified spirit.
Taxan (Serpentaria root,
Serpentary) .
Cinchona bark-extract &
Quinine.
Cinchona and its alkaloids.
Senna.
Vinegar.
Brandy; Wine: & Proof and
Rectified spirit.
Yeast poultice.
Matico leaves.
Theobroma oil.
Quassia.
- - - - - _ . - --
316
--
Bryonia epigoea.
Butea frondosa, seeds.
Butea frondosa, gum.

Caesalpinia bonducella.
(seeds).
Caesalpinia sappan, wood
& extract respectively,
Chiretta.
Santonin. (Santonica);
Wormseed.
Kino gum .
Cinchona & its
alka1oids~
. '.
Logwood, & Logwood extract, respectively.
Calotro'pis gigentea & C.

procera, (vegetable mercury) root-bark.
Ipecacuanha;
Sarsaparilla.
Canarium commune (kernels.

Canarium commune (oil).
Canarium strictum. (resin).
Cannabis sativa. (flowering tops).
Oarica papaya, (juice of
fruit).
Carum (Ptychotis) ajowan
& roxburghianum,
C.
copticum. (fruit & volatile- oil).
Sweet aImonds.
Almond oil.
Burgandy pitch. '
Ergot.
,4
Santonin; Santonica.
';
',~
~'.
Oils & lavender; Feppermint; dill; aniseed; & caraway; Thyme.
Caryophyllus aromaticus
(flower-buds) .
Caryota urens (spirit obtained
from saccharine juice or
toddy).
Pimento.
. \,-, . -n
.!
Wine, Brandy; & Proof and

Rectified Spirit.
. I .. ,
Cassia alata & other species

Senna.
(leaves).
., .. ,
8assia Alata (Extract from
Extract of ColocYnth.
leaves).
Cassia angustifolia; C.
Cassia acutifolia.
fistula.
Oak-bark.
Cassia auriculata, bark.
Cassia species (leaves exColocynth extract.
tract).
Cinchona.
Cedrela toona (bark).
Chavica officinarum, (fruit) .. .
Chavica roxburghii. (fruit)" .. . Black pepper.
Cephaelis ipecacuanha.
. . Cephaelis acuminata.
",I.''_'
&
Mercury;
:"
p
, ., '.r',
Chenopodium album.
j
':'1
.'f.,.
'AP..PEN1'>ICES,
317
Chenopodium '~Hlibrosioides.
Chenopodium anthelminti, 1
cum.
Theobroma oiL
Cera alba.
Chrysanthemum cinerarii- ,
. rolium. ,(Indian). :'
.. Pyr~thrq!ll (E'oreig:q).
:
.1.
.'~
~,
I.
)}
ChrYsanthemum roxburghii.
(flowers).
',,: i
Chamomile f).o,:vers.
(root).
.
Cicendia hyssopifolla.
(plant) .
Cinchona calisaya.
Cinchona ledgeriana.
Cinchona.
Cinchona officinalis.
Cinchona succirubra.
Cinnamomum gIanduliferum.
(root).
.) ,
Sassafras root.
Cinnamomum iners, & C.'
zeylanicum. ~(inner bark).
Cinnamon.
Cissampelos pareira. (root).
Pareir.a 1'oot;:!-:
," .1.4
}: r' j :)
Citrullus colocynthis,
(extract).
Colocynth extract.
Citrus bergamia. (juice of
fruit).
'., )
Lemon juice.
Citrus medica.
Citrus limon.
Clerodendron inerme.
Quicine.
Cleviceps purpurea' (grO\ving on Indian wheat). I
Ergot.
Calumba.
Cocculus decoction.
Icela1,ld-tp.oss. ,d,~coction.
Cocculus tincture.. r.,:
Tincture. {)f ,H9P.
Cocculus indicus, (alkaloid).
Strydhllia:
Cocculus villosus.
Sarsapal'illa.
Cochlospermum gossypium,
(gum).
Tragacanth.
Cocos nucifera (downy substance from the base of
the fronds).
Matico leaves.
Cocos nucifera (oleine).
Cod Liver Oil.
Cocosnucifera (saccharine
juice submitted to acetous
fermentation) .
Vinegar.
Cocos nucifera (spirit obtained from saccharine
1 _.
)}
--1
TIIE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
juice or toddy)'.
Colchicum luteum.
I
Combretum pilosum (found
in Assam).
Coptis tee~a. ~(tincture).
'
Cordia latifolia & C. myxa,
(dried fruit).
Cosciniwn fenestratum.
(stems).
Crinum asiaticum Var.
Toxicarium. (bulb &
root).
Crinum asiaticum Var.
Toxicarium (infusion).
Croton oblongifolius & C.
pavana. (oil of seeds).
Croton tiglium. (seed oil).
Cucumis hardwickii & C.
trigonus. (pulp of fruit).
Cuminum cyminum (fruit).
Cybium commersonii (Liver
oil).
Datura alba. & D. fastuosa.
(leaves & seeds).
Datura alba. D. astuosa.
(poultice) .
Datura astuosa. 'Oar. alba.
(leaves extract).
Datura astuosa. '00.1'. alba.
(seeds).
Digitalis lanata; D. purpurea.
Diospyros embryopteris
(extract).
Dipterocarpus laevis (Balsam exud).
'
Dipterocarpus turbinatus,
<Balsam exud.).
Dipterocarpus turbinatus,
(compound) .
Dipterocarpus turbinatusj
(tincture) .
,
.'_'
Wine; Brandy;' & Proof and

Rectified spirit.
,
Colchicum autumnale.
Santonin.
Tincture ~f Hop & CaJumha.
Prunes.
Calumba root.
Squill ,
Ipecacuanha infusion.
Croton oil.
Elaterium; Ipecacuanha'"
Tartar emetic).
'
Colocynth.
Coriander.
Cod Liver Oil.
Datura stramonium, &
Belladonna.
,
Conium poultice.
Belladonna leaves extract.
Stramonium seeds.
Digitalis.
Y'
Logwood extract; catechu.

Copaiba, (balsam)..o
Copaiba, (balsam).
Tincture of cubeba.
Tincture of cubeba.
.;
'.;"
APPENDICES
Dorema aureum (gumresin). ,'.-1 >!

Dryopteris blandforii.
Dryopteris marginata.
Dryopteris Odontoloma.
Echium, sp. of (Gouzaban,
Hindi).
Eclipta alba & E. prostata.
Ehrelia buxifolia. (rod).
Embelia ribes. (berries).
Ephedta gerardisna, including E. nebrodensis
Tineo & E. vulgaris.
319
Ammoniacum.
Dryopteris.
Dryopteris.
Dryopteris.
Sarsaparilla; Pereira brava"
Cissampelos pareira).
Taraxacum.
Elm bark.
Kousso & Male-fern
Ephedra equisetina.
Ephedra sinica.
EPicauta nipalensis. (dried

insect).
Eucalyptus resinifera.
(gum).
Euphatorium ayapana.
(infusion) .
Euphorbia neriifolia. (juice
of leaves).
Eurycoma longifolia.
Exacum bicolor; E. pedunculatum; :E. tetragonum.
(Roots).
Feronia eiephantum. (gum
of unripe 'fruits).
Ferula 'galbaniflua & F.
enarthex.
Foeniculum panonorium
(fruit); & F. vulgare.
Garcinia indica. (butter).
Garcinia morella, (gum
resin).
'
Garcinia pictoria. (gum
resin).
Garcinia purpurea (Concrete oil).
Cantherides.
Eucalyptus species.
Kino.
Serpentary infusion.
Lobelia.
Quinine.
Gentian Root.
Gum acacia; & Bael fruit;
i.e., Aegle marmelos.
Galbanum; FeruIa oetida;
F. rubricaulis.
Common fennel.
Vaseline; Spermaceti &
of Theobroma.
Officinal gamboge.
Siam gambose.
Theobroma oil.
on
Gentiana Kurroo & Picror~

hiza I):urroo a .
(root-bark) .
(decoction) .
(dried plant).
Gratiola 'nlohniera.
(alkaloid) .
Hemidesmus lridicus.
(root).
Gentianalutea root.
Ergot.
Iceland moss decoction.
Iceland moss.
Strychnine.
Sarsaparilla root; Dulca- ~;-j
mara.
,
Colchicum: ,
Digitalis.
English marshmallow-mot.
Hermodactylus gol.
Herpestis monniera.
Hebiscus rosa sinensis.
(bark), ;.
Cinchona bark, '
Hymenodictiyon 'excelsum,
(bark).
. ," , Cinchona bark.
Hyoscyamus muticus,
Hyoscyamus niger,
Hyperanthera pterygosperrna. (root).
Armoracia.
(root).
Ipomoea hedereceae & I.
nil. (extract), ,
Ipomoea hedereceae & I,
nil. (pill).
Ipomoea turpethum.
;.._-
'. ,,
'!
,')
SarsapaHlia.
;; ;'".
,~
..
Extract of. Jalap.
Iris germ ani ca.
Compound gamboge pill.

Jalap; qpomoea puq~a);, 1.
orizabensis,
.
Iris pallida; J. florep.tin~a.
J usticia adhatoda (inspissated juice).
Senega root.
Ledebouria hyacinthoides
(bulb).
Liquidambar altingia & L. '
orientalis. (balsam),.
L-obelia nicotianifolia.
Luffa amara. (kernel of
seed).
Lytta assamensis <dried
insect.).
"
i,
Squill.
Copaiba; Liquid Styrax or
Storax.
Lobelia inflata.
Ipecacuanha.
Cantharides.
APPENDICES
Lytta Gigas; L .. violacea

(dried insect.).
Ma1caradhwaja.
Mallotus phillipinensis.
Malva sylvestris.
Mangifera indica. (seeds).
Melia azadirachta. (leafpoultice).
Meloe trianthema (dried
insect).
Mentha arvensis.
Michelia champaka. (bark).
Micromeria capitellata
(plant).
Mirabilis jalappa.
Moringa oleifera. (1. Base
out of. 2. Bases from
bark).
(componnd) .
(infusion).
(root).
Musa sapientum. (young
leaf).
Mylabris cichorii, (cerate
and, plaster).
Mylabris cichorii, (dried
insect) .
Mylabris punctum; M. pustulata; & other species
(dried insect).
Myristlca malabarica:
(concrete oil).
(root).
21
.321
Cantharides.
Red Sulphide of Mercury.
1. Male fern. 2. Cusso or
Kousso (Brayera aRthelmintica) .
Marshmallow.
. .. ,Santonin; santonica.
Linseed poultice.
Can'tharides.
Mentha piperita; M. viridis.
Guaiacum & Cascarilla.
(bark).
Peppermint.
Jalap. .
Ephedrine.
Horse radish.
Infusion of Cusparia
Infusion of Cusparia.
Armoracia.
Guttapercha tissue.
Cantharides (Cerate &
Plaster).
Plaster).
Plaster).
Expressed oil of nutmeg.
Pimento.
Valerian (root); Russian
sambul (root).
THE
Naregamia alata.
Ocimum basilicum. (seed~).
Onosma bracte~tu~.
Ophelia a?gustlfolia, O. ,
densifoha; & O. elegan~
(plants)..
.
Ophelia chlrata. (dned
plant) ..
Oryza sativa. (decoction).
Oryza sativa. (seedsground & sifted) (riceflour).
Oryza sativa. (seed husked)
Ipecacuanha.
Plantago ovata (seeds)_
Sarsaparilla.
Chiretta.
Gentian root,
Barley decoction.
Wheaten flour.
Pearl Barley.
Papaver somniferum,
(Cryst Principle),
(Nicotine) .
Cinchona & its alkaloids_
Papaver somniferum. inspissated juice).
Smyrna or Turkey opium.
Pharbitis nil (seeds).
Jalap.
Phyllanthus emblica. (dried
fruit).
Oak galls.
Phyllanthus emblica. (extract from wood).
Catechu.
Picrasma quassioides.
Picrasma excelsa.
Illicium verum; T. religiosm.
Pimpinella anisum.
Pinus deodara; & P. longifolia. (products of distilTar & Turpentine.
lation).
Pinus longifolia. (oleoGalbanum; Pinus palustris;
resin).
P. taeda.
Ointment of Elemi.
Pinus longifolia (ointment).
Cinchona & its alkaloids.
Piper nigrum.
Oak galls.
Pistacia Khinjuk. (galls).
Pistacia Khinjuk. & P.
Mastiche.
Kabulica. (resin).
Plantago ispaghula. (de...-'
Barley decoction.
coction).
Linseed infusion or tea.
Plantago ovata. (seeds).
Cantharides.
Plumbago rosea.
Cantharides plaster.
Plumbago rosea. (plast~r) .
Plumbago rosea. & P.
Mezereon bark.
zeylanica. (root bark) ..
Podophyllum emodi (vegetable calomel).
Podophyllum hexandrJm .. . . I Calomel; Podopnyllum
...
APPENDICES
polygala chinensis; & P.

crotalarioides; & P. telephioides (plants).
psychotria ipecacuanha.
ptychotis ajowan.
punica granatum. (barkdecoction) .
punica granatum. (rind of
fruit).
punica granatum. (rootbark).
Randia dumetorium.
Rheum emodi; R. webbianum & other species
(root) .
Rhus succedanea. (galls).
Rumex maritimus; & R.
N epalensis.
Ruta angustifolia. (plant).
Salix fragilis.
Sam ad era indica. (wood &
bark).
Samudra phena.
Santalum album, (oilvolatile).
Scilla indica. (bulb).
Scopolia lurida. (leaves).
Sesamum indicum. (expressed oil from seeds).
Shorea robusta. (Resin).
Sid a cardifolia. (alkaloid) .
Sinapis juncea (powdered
seed).
Smilax chinensis. (syrup).
Smilax glabra; S. lanceaefolia; Smilax ova:Ilfolia;
S. sp' of (Tseinapho,
Burm.). (root).
peltatum.
Polygala senega.
Cephaelis ipecacuanha.
Oils of lavender; peppermint, thyme, dill, caraway,
coriander & anise.
Decoction of Oak
bark~
Decoction of Oak bark.

Male-fern (Felix mas).
Ipecacuanha.
Rheum palmatum, etc.
Chinese or Tibetan or Turkish (rhubarb).
Oak galls.
Rhubarb.
Rue.
Salix sp. & S. populus; S,
purpurea.
Quassia.
Calcium.
Copaiba; & Eucarya spicata.
(Squill), Scilla maritima;
Urgenia scilla or U. maritima.
Belladonna.
Olive oil.
Pine resin.
Epherdine.
JYIustard.
Sarsaparilla syrup.
Jamaica sarsaparilla.
-,
324
I
Soymida febrifuga, (bark

& decoction of bark).
I
Squalus car.charias (liver

oil & lard).
II
..
Stryclrnos nux-vomica. ,
. (seeds & alkaloid).
Styrax benzoin, (grown in
Govt. .gardens in Bangalore).
Tamarix gallica; Tamarix
orientalis. (galls).
Termanalia arjuna.
Terminalia catappa. (kernels).
Terminalia catappa. (oil).
Terminalia chebula. (dried
fruits).
Terminalia catappa. <fruitpowder).
Thevetia neriifolia; or T.
peruviana, (glucoside).
Tinospo'ra cordifolia, root &
stem.
Toddalia aculeata. (rootbark).
Oak bark &

Oak bark.
decoction
of
Cod Liver Oil & lard.

Cinchona and its alkaloids.
Styrax benzoin; S. paralleloneurus; S. tonkinensis.
.
Oak galls.
Digitalis & adrenalin.
Sweet almonds.
Almond oil.
Oak-galls.
Tannic acid.
Digitalis.
Calumba root; Sassafras.
Cusparia bar~ & qumme;
(cinchona & its alkaloIds).
Yeast poultice.
Barosma betulina; Uva Ursi.
Calumba root.
Toddy poultice.
Trichosanthes cordota.
Trichosanthes nervifolia,
(extract of fruit).
Triphala ointment.
Tyolophora asthmatica.
, (root & leaves).
Tyolophora indica.
(root & leaves).
Typha angustifolia.
Ipecacuanha and Sarsaparilla

Medicated c6tton ;wool.
U rginia indica. (bulb).
Urgihea maritinla 'or U.
'Valeriana leschenaultic var.

brunoniana: hardwi~kii; &:
wallichii; (root stalk).,
scilla (Squill).
'Vateria indica. (resil!-).;. ~
Elaterium.
Calamine cerate.
Ipecacuanha and Sarsaparilla
~
Valerian; Russian Sumbul'root. (Valeriana' officinalis).

Pine resins.
--;.:' '. _;,
ApPENDIcEs '~ ',/; " . .'
Vernonia anthelmentica.
(seeds).
Viola odorata.
Vitex pedicularis.
Withania coagulans.
Zingiber 'Cassumunar; Z. zerum bet. (Rhizome) .
SaIitoriin'; Sant.6nica.
Ipecacuanha.
Quinine.
Rennet.
Ginger .
lViISCEI~LANEOUS
Achyranthes aspera.
(plant).
Yields
on incineration a
large proportion of potash. '_
Aconitum ferox & other

species (root).
As a source of Aconitia.
Areca catechu (unexpanded petioles).
Form excellent splints.
stems).
for fractures etc.
Blumea grandis. (plant).
As a source of Camphor.
Calotropis gigantea, is regarded in some parts as "Vegetable

mercury".
Citrus bergamia (juice of
fruit).
Clitoria ternatea. (Syrup
of the flower).
Hibiscus rosa-sinensis,
(petals).
Musa sapientum. (leaves).
(wood).
Pterocarpus
(wood).
As a source of Citric acid.
As a co"louring agent.
Substitute for litmus as a
test.
Form excellent dressing for
blistered or excoriated surfaces; also as an impermeable covering, water-dressing, and shades for the eyes
in ophthalmia.
As a means of clearing muddy water.
santalinu~.
As a colouring agent
place of cochineaL
in
'!'llE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
326
,
'indica; S. bra
S a I!CornIa
ta
'
ch Ia & other speCIes.
(plant).
Squalus carcharias
(Stearine).
strychnos potatorum.
(seeds).
Yield on incineration large

quantities of Barilla.
Substitute for Lard in pharmacy.
As a means of clearing muddy water.
Reference:(Pages 429--430 of "Bengal Pharmacopoeia".
PubUcaticms refen'ed:(1) Druary's Pharmacopoeia of India or Bengal Pharmacopoeia (old edition) .
(2)
Indigenous drugs Inquiry: A review of the work by

Bt. Col. R. N. Chopra. (July 1939).
(3) Distribution of British Pharmacopoeia Drug. Plants

and -their Substitutes growing in India, (1951) by S.
L. Nayar & 1. C. Chopra.
(4) Indian Crude Drugs, Minerals, Economic Produce,
Arts & Manufactures (Price List 1924) by S. N. De,
M.Sc., (Botany), B.Sc., (Geology).
...
THERAPEUTIC INDEX OF DISEASES
&
AILMENTS
(with their Equivalents in Sanskrit) and their REMEDIES.
, N.B.-(l) Majority of Indian Preparations are in italics.
(2) Letters "p. H. T." herein, refer to "Practical

Homoeo Therapeutics" by Dr. J. B. Ghoshal.
(3) As all the drugs hereunder have been alphabetically treated in the main contents of this volume,
marking of Pages numbers against each was considered redundant.
1. ABORTION;
(Garbhapata) :(or Garbhasravam):Anona squamosa.
Artemisia vulgaris.
, Balsamodendron mnku].
Basella A.
Brassica olerecea (P.H.T.)
Cassia tora.
Datura fastuosa.
Desmodium T.
Hydnocarpus I.
Indigofera A.
f30rax.
Carum Carui.
Euphorbia R.
Fel bovinum purificatum.
Ferula A. & F.
Gymelina A.
J avarish-i-lulu.
Pandanus, O.
Plumbago species.
Viburnum F.
ABSCESSES:
(Vidradhi):Achyranthes aspera
Amaranthus Poly.
,Ananas sativus (P.H.T.)
Anona squamosa.
I
1]
f~
---
Jasminum P. & S
Papaver S.
Pinus species.
Peucedanum species.
Phaseolus species.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Saccharum O.
Sesbania species.
Sid a A.
Solanum xanthocarpum.
'2.
Squalus C. preparations.
Svalpa Masha Taila.
Tabernamontana species.
Viscum A. etc.
Zizyphus J. etc.
.-..
~
1s
ell
-f
S
ell
---
II~
I
ell
CIS
r, ~s
1---
ll-:8~
I 2
328
Ranunculus scleratus. (P.H~T.)_

ACIDITY (Amlapitta) or
Sinapus J. (chronic).
Vi dagdhajeeranam ):Strychnos N. (P.H.T.)
Aetua' 'ptYchotis.
also
intoxication from datura
Musa S.
Tamarindus 1.
Ph~rocarpus M. (pyrosis).
I
Sodium salts and preparations.) Withania S. etc.
9. ALOPECIA:
Sulphur and its preparations.
(Indraluptham) : Tamarindus indica.
Abrus precatorius.
4. ACNE: (Yavvanpedaka:
Aloe barbadensis.
Youvanpitka):Bhringaraj taila.
Citrus A.
Eclipta E.
Ferula G.
Hedychium S.
Randia D.
Strychnos nux-vomica (P.H.T.) Hibiscus Rosa S.
Terminalia A. etc.
) Myristica F.
Myrtus C.
5. AGALACTIA:Plumbum and its Salts.
Trichosanthes species.
Ricinus communis (P.H.T.)
Urtica urens (P.H.T.)
10. AMAUROSIS:
6. AGUE:(Sleshmavidagdhadristu) =Andrographis P.
Nicotiana tabacum.
Citrus L.
Strychnos N.
Euphatorium A.
11. AMENORRHOEA:
Fumaria O.
(Aarthavadhosha, KshiPhoenix species.
nartav~:Quinetum.
Aloe barbadensis.
Quinine.
Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Artemisia vulgaris.
1. ALBUMINURIA:
Balsamodendron My.
(Lalmoha' or Lalamcham): Brassica A.
See also Bright's disease:-- Butea frondosa.
Chandraprabha gutika.
Carum carui.
Gokshuradi guggula.
Crocus S.
Crotalaria J.
8. ALCOHOLISM:
Erythrina indica.
(Panathyaya);
(Parama- Euphorbia T.
...
dapana; Madatyaya):Foeniculam V.
Gossypium 1. & H.Avena sativa. (P.H.T.) ,
Helleborus N.
Citrus aurantium. (P.H.T.)
Hydrocotyle A.
Hyoscyamus. (P.H.T.).
Hyssopus O.
Musa S.
Papaver somniferum. (P.H.T.). Parmelia p.
Pegum H.
Ptychotis ajowan. (P.H.T.).
Rubia C.
Pyrus malus. (P.H.T.).
I
3.
l
I
--
- APPENDICES'
Salvadbra species.
Sapindas T.
Ser....ecarpus A.
Sesamum I.
Silicium salts.
Sodium salts and preparations.
Triantluema monogyna.
Vitis Q.
Vitex T.
12.
ANAEl\flA:
. ' (Panduroga):Abhra bhasma.
Adhatoda vasika.
Bisama-jarantak lauha.
Brahat-Sarva-Jvara-hara
Lauha.
Brihat Sudarshana Churna.

Cinnabar.
Coccus lacca.
Dhatri lauha or Leha.
Emblica O.
Ferri Sulphas.
Hyqrargyrum.
J akridari lauha.
Kalpam.
Kalyanaksharam.
Lauhabhasma ..
Lohasava.
N avayasa lauha.
Physalis species.
Puta-Pak-Bisama Jvarantaka
lauha.
Semecarpus A.
Svarna-makshika.
Trailokyac'hintamani Rasa.
Trigonella 'F.
Tryushanadi LauhiL.
Visarnajvarantaka Lauha.
Vitis.
13. ANASARCA:Achyranthes A.
Aegle marmelos.
Allium S . ../
Alocasia I.
Apis. (P.R.T.).
Apium G.
Boerhavia D.
Calotropis G.
Croton T.
Cynodon D.
:129.
"',
Dasamuli haritald.
Dugdhavati.
Gmelina A.
Gudashtaka.
Helleborus niger. (P.H.T.)
Hygrophila S .
Ichchavedi rasa.
Ichchavedi vatika.
Jatropha Mon.
Manmandu.
Patoladya churna.
Punarnavastaka.
Punarnava taila.
Rasa parpati.
Solanum & X.
Sulachanamritabhra.
Suvarna or Swa1'na
parpati.
Tartar Eniet (P.H.T.).
Tryushanadi Lauha.
Urine (cow's and preparations.
Urine (Ox's).
Varunadya guda.
Vijaya parpati.
14. ANOREXIA:
(Arochaka):-
Amlica pana.
Amritakalpa rasa.
Cervus dama.
CuminumC. ~
Drakshasava.
Elettaria C:
Emblica O.
Feronia E.
Gentiana K.
Jatiphaladya churna.
Kapithaastaka churna.
Pippali arista.
Piper longum.
Quassia E.
330
Ramabana rasa
18. APOPLEXY: (Sanna;
Sodium salts, and its preparaSannyasa):tions.
I Camphora O.
Vadavanal churna.
Croton T.
I Garcinia P.
15. ANURIA:
; Helleborus N.
(Mutraghatana); See also I Sinapis J.
"Diuretics":19. APPENDICITIS:
Allium sativum.
(Aristolochia bracteata):Ammonii Carbonas.
Piper Nigrum.
Andropogon Muricatm.
20. ARDOR URINAE:
Cyperus rotundus. .
(See also:-Strangury):Iris P.
Glycyrrhiza G.
Potassium salts. (Potasii
Gmelina A.
carbonas).
Hibiscus
Rosa S.
Silicium salts.
Sodium salts and preparations. Punarna.va Leha.
Silicium salts.
Strychnos N.
21. ARTHRITIS:
16. APHONIA: (Svarabhanga;
(Sandhivata):Mookatva
or
Vaksan- Acalypha 1. ..........
gam):Adityapaka guggula.
Herpestis M.
Anisomelos M.
Mangifera I.
Balsamodendron M.
Nigella S. '
Chitra Kathi.
(rheumatic)
17. APHTHAE: (Sarvasara"
Garcinia P.
mukharoga):Gossypium herblilccum.
Acacia arabica.
Solanum nigrum.
Berberis A.
'\
Thespesia populnea.
Cajanus I.
I
Embelia R.
~
K ubja prasarini taila.
Linum U.
Emblica O.
l~
Eucalyptus G.
Phaseolus species.
Ficus R.
J
Ricinus C.
Grahanikapata Rasa (Sprue).
Saussurea L.
Indigofera Tinc.
Semecarpus A. (acute).
J asminum grandilorum.
Spilanthus O
Lawsonia alba.
..-..
Myrica N.
1g
Myrtus C.
I~
~
- 1 a
Rosa species.
Squalus C. preparations. ' a
Silicium salts.
l- ~
Sodium salts and preparations, Vitex N. etc.
I .S
Svalpakhadiravatika.
'f ~
Tamarindus I.
Terminalia Cheb.
...
~:-
J:;
JlI
Ii
APPENDICES
331
22. . ASCARIDES~../ 24. ASTHMA: (Svasakasant);

Indigoera tinctoria. (P.R.T.)
Shwas (Tamaka); See also
"Expectorants'?) : a1o
23. ASCITES: (.1 dhara);
See:-Purgatives and Live!' Abhra bhasma.
tonics:Abies W.
Acalypba indica.
Acetic acid (P.R.T.).
Achyranthes aspera.
Achyranthes A. .
Acorus calamus.
Amrnonii Carbonus.
Adhatoda V.
Andropogo~ I.
Aegle marmelos.
Apang Kshar.
Ailanthus E.
Arsenic (P.R.T.).
Alhagi maurorum.
Boerhavia D. & It
Allae pauk.
Calotropis G.
Allium sativum.
Cedrus deodara.
Aloe B.
Citrullus C.
Alum (P.R.T.).
Clitoria T.
Althaea 0,
Crataeva N.
Andropogon C.
Croton T.
Aplotaxis aurieulata.
Dugdha-vati.
Arsenic, white.
Hygrophila S.
Bambusa A.
lchchha-vedi rasa.
Banga bhasma with copper.
I chchha-vedi -vatic(t.
Beninkasa C.
J alodarari Rasa.
Blatta Orientalis (P.R.T.).
Kalyanaksharam.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Lufl'a E.
Borax.
'
Mahanaracha Rasa.
Manmandu.
Camphora O.
Moringa p.
N\\.'\"(\Ch,\\. '\"\\.\',\\..
Patoladya Churnam.
Pavetta 1.
Piper longum.
Plumbago zeylanica & R.
Potassium salts.
Punarna-vastaka.
Rasayanamrita Leha.
Semecarpus A.
Serpent poison preparations.
Sodium salts! and preparations.
Sonchus species.
Suvarna parpati.
. Urine (cow's) and preparations.
Varunadya guda.
Visamajvarantaka Lauh'a.
Cu:u.m ~'0~i;.k1J..m. .
Cassia S.
Cervus dama.
Chaturmukha Rasa.
Cinnamomum tamala.
Coleus A.
Cowrie bhasma.
Crocus S.
Cubeba officinalis. (P.R.T.)
Daemia E.
Datura A. & F.
Diamond bhasma, with vasaka,
long pepper, and sugar.
Ephedra vulgaris.
Erythroxylon C.
Euphorbia N: P. & Tir.
Ferula A. F. & G.
Ficus R.
332
THE INDIAN'MATERIA MEDICA
Flacourtia C.
Galega E.
Glycyrhiza' glabra. Gorochanam, due to worms).
Grahani milt ira taila.
Hedyotis U.
Hedysarum A.
Hingvadi Dhum.
Hygrophila S. (Cough).Hyocyamus N.
Hyssopus O.
Indigofera Tinc.
Jatiphaladi churnam.
Justicia adhatoda.
Kalyanaksharam.
Kanakasava.
Khaphaketu rasa.
Katphaladi Churna.Khandakooshmanda.
K umariasava.
Lectuca S.
Lavangadi Churna.
Lycopersicum E.
Mahalakshmibilas.
Mahasvasari Lauha.
Mrityanjaya Rasa.
Mukta Bhasma.
Myrica N.
Myristica F.
Nicotina T.
Opuntia Lillenii.
Papaver S.
Peganum H.
Picrorrhiza Kurroa. \
Piper longum, & nigruIn, &
chaha.
Pippali, Arista. ,
Pippuladi Lauha.
Pistacia integerrima.
Polyporus O.
Potassii Nitrus.
Potassium salts.
Premna herbacea.
Randia D.
Rhus S.
Sassurea L.
Scindapsus O.
Semeearpus, A.
Sinhanada guggula.
\ Solanum I. & X.
I Stannum preparat~ons.
: Strychnos I. & S. Nux-vomica.
(P.H.T.).
Styrax B.
Suryavartha Rasa.
Suvarna Bhasma.
Swasabhairava Rasa
Swasa Chintamani.
Swasa Gajankusa.
Swasakasa Chudamani.
Swasa Kuthar Rasa.
Talisadya Churna.
Termanalia C.
Tylophora A.
Urtica D.
llgsakushmanda kanda.
Vasava Leha.
Verbascum T.
Vijaya llati.
Vitis Q. etc.
Zinc salts and preparations.
Zingiber O. & Z.
25. BALANITIS:Basella A.
26.
BALDNESS:
See "Alopecia".
27.
BARRENNESS:
See "sterility".
28. BED SORES:

,See "Sores".
29.
#
,/
BILIOUSNESS:'
(Pitthadhikyam) :-See
also Diseases of the
Liver:Adhatoda vasika.
Andropogon Muricatus.
Cassia fistula.
-Cinmfmomum camphora.
~l
--i
AfPENDICE;;
Cuminum cyminum.
Cyperus rotundus.
Eclipta Erecta.
Emblic myrobolum.
Feronia E.
Garcinia X.
Hibiscus A.
Ipomoea turpethum.
Lavendula S.
Lycopersicum E.
Santalum album.
Mentha S. (vomiting).
Mollugo cerviana.
Momordica C.
Nicotina T. (giddiness).
Piper longum.
Ptychotis A.
Sphaeranthus H. etc.
Tamarindus I.
Trapa B. etc.
Viola species.
Vitis vinifera.
Zingiber O.
ZiziphusJ. etc.
333
Cupri sulphas.
Curcuma L.
Cyperus R.
Dilute Acetic acid (P.R.T.)
Eclipta E.
Euphorbia Tir.
Ferula A.
Gloriosa S.
Mucuna P.
Nerium O.
Saturated solution of salt put
in eyes (P.R.T.)
Tamarindus indica (P.R.T.)
(Insect) :-Cassia a1ata.
Gloriosa superba.
Go1eus A.
BITES: (Daunsha or
Damsam):- (Scorpion
and Insects):Achyranthes aspera.
Allium C. & Sativum.
Argemone M.
Aristolochia I.
Camphora officinarum (P.H.T).
Feronia elephantum.
Helitropium I.
Ocimum basilicmr
(Scorpion) :Alum (P.R.T.)
Ammonii Carbona:".
Boerhavia diffusa.
Carica P.
Cissampelos P. '
Citric acid (P.H.T.)
Citrullus C.
30.
.,
Hibiscus P.
(Venomous reptiles);Acetic acid (P.R.T.)
Alum (P.H.T.)
Atrocarpus integrifolia leaves.
Butter milk (P.R.T.)
Earthworm (P. H. T. )
Eclipta alba.
Euphatorium A.
Fowls (P.H.T.)
Indigofera tinctoria.
Musa sepientum trees' juice.
Nictotiana tobacum (P.H.T.)
Piper longum & chaba.
Potash permanganate (P.H.T.)
Rauwolfia S.
Sapindas trifoliatus.
Strychnos N.
(Venomous insects):Feronia E.
Indigofera Tinct.
Kalanchoe L.
Ptychotis A.
Ranwolfia S.
Sacchrum O.
Sapindas T.
(Serpent) : -
334
THE INPIAN MATERIA MEDICA
Banga Bha-sma.
( Basella A.
Butea frondosa.
Curcuma. L.
Gynandropsis P.
Haridra kh~nda.
Heliotropium 1.
Khadirastaka.
Lippia N.
Melia azadirachta.
Mirabilis J.
Oxalis corniculata.
Peucedanum species.
31. BLADDER
Piper species.
COMPLAINTS: See
Praval bhasma.
"Cystitis" and "Urinary
Pterocarpus
M.
. complaints"
Saccharum O.
32. BLISTER:-See "Ulcers". Sapindas T.
Santalum .album.
33. BLOOD DISEASES:
(See also Leprosy, Scro- Saxifraga L.
Sesbania species ..
fula, Syphilis, Skin
diseases &c.):Sid a A. & C.
Strychnos P.
Stannum preparations.
(Parasites) : Symplocos R.
Tamarindus I.
(Impurity):Toddalia A. etc.
Anthocephalus C.
Trichosanthes
C.
Diospuros E.
Vitex N. & T.
Hemide~mus 1.
Mimosa P.
Zyzyphus J. etc.
Trichosanthes C.
Tylophora A.
35. BOWEL
COMPLAINTS:,34. ,BOILS: (Visphota; 'Vid
Anacyclus
P.
hradhi; Peetika; or
Andropogon
N.
Pitika):Eucalyptus G.
Acacia catechu.
Euphorbia T.
Allium cepa.
Grahanikapata
Rasa.
Anona squamosa.
t
,
_ Holarrhena A .
Aegle marmelos.
Aris!olochia indica.
Lavendula B.
LufIa -Am.
(Dog):Moringa P.
(Leech):Polyporous O.
(Venomous & Rabid
animals):(1) Alangium lamarckii.
(2) Cephalandra indica.
(3) Indigofera tinctoria.
(4) Sapindas T.
(5) X-anthium strumarium.
(Rat):Strychnos N.
.'~
.>
l
I
,1
APPENDICES
I
I
Oryza S.
..... Spongia O
......... (Pains):>-oj
>-oj
E:
(1)
I 0
>-oj
335
sura gaja kesari.

Vitis Q. etc.
Woodfordia F.
36. BRAIN AFFECTIONS:

(Cerebral Congestion):I' III
I S
Garcinia P.
I S~ Hedysarum G.
(Fag):I g Avena
Sativa (P.H.T.)
j ~
Herpestis M.
Chronic:Makaradvaja.
Akara-karabhadi chuma.
Musa sapientum (bananas)
Dadimastaka.
(P .H.T.)
Dugdhavati.
(Meningitis)
:Karu bhasma.
Panchavahtra Rasa.
Manmandu.
Ostrea E. and its preparations. Payaesam or ksheer. of
Achyranthes aspera.
Punica G.
(Loss of memory):Sida A.
Magzsudhi.
Suvarna Parpati.
Majoonai Kuvathiabah.
(Rectal prolapse):Stannum
preparations.
Oxalis C.
V rihat Pan.chamttla.
(Irritations) : Withania S. etc.
Papaver S.
Peucedanum species.
37. BRIGHT'S DISEASE:
(Catarrh) : (Chronic) : Phaseolus species.
J
uniperis
C.
(Obstructions) : U rginia I. etc.
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Pimpinella A. (
(With dropsy):Rubia C.
Shoathahar Loha.
(Tympanites) : Tribulus T.
Piper species.
Tryushanadi Lauha.
Plantago I.
Vitis V.
(Ulceration) : Plantago 1.
38. BRONCIDTIS:
Portulaca species.
(Kas-Cough) (Cough.
Ranwolfia S.
janya)
Pittajanyakasa):(Duodenal catarrh) :-See ("Expectorants" and also
Rheum E.
"Respiratory Diseases":Saline substances.
Abies W.
(Spasms):Acalypha indica.
Sinapis J.
Aconitum nepellus (P.H.T.)
(Inflammation) : Acorus
C.
.
Spinacea O.
Ricinus O.
~~
Adhatoda V.
Aegle marmelos.
AilanthusE. & M.
(Chronis) : Allium C.
Amb'X"it(u;b.atakovachana.
Asphaltum.
Borax.
Brihat Singarabhra.
Carum copticum.
Chandramrita rasa.
Cinnamomum campho ra .
Clitoria T.
Diamond bhasma with long
pepper and sugar.
Dipterocarpus T.
Euphorbia P.
Ferula G.
Sulphur and its jJreparations.
(Children's) : Aquilaria A.
Asclepias A.
Boswellia G.
Cephalandra 1.
Croton T.
Cubeba O.
Eladi churnam.
Eletteria C.
"Eucalyptus G.
Ferula A.
Flacourtia C.
Glycyrrhiza G
Herpestis M.
Hyssopus O.
Ipomoea D.
Lactuca S.
Lavangadi churnam.
Linum U.
Lycopersicum E.
Madanadi-vamana.
Majoonai Sual.
Musa paradisiaca.
Myristica M.
Papaver S.
Phoenix species.
Pimpinella A.
Pinus species.
Piper cubeba, & betel.
Potassium salts.
Rajamriganka Rasa.
Randia D.
Rhus S.
Ruta G.
Semecarpus A.
Solanum Xanthocarpum.
Strychnos N .
Styrax B.
Sulphur corrected with
tricatu-churna and ghee.
Terminalia chebula..
Urgina 1.
Vidarigandadigana Quath.
39. BUBOES: (Bada

Vamkshanagrandhi) : Amaranthus poly.
Arum C.
Ficus H.
40. BURNING OF PALMS
AND SOLES OF FEET:(Hastadaha; Padadaha):Hedyotis U.
\~\m \){ {~t)".Lagenaria V.
Mesua F.
Momordica C.
U rgina I. etc.
41. BURNING SENSATION:Andropogon muricatus.

Crataeva religiosa (in soles of
the feet).
'
Cyperus rotandus.
Ghee.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Mesua ferrea (in soles of the
feet).
Molfugo cerviana.
APPENDICES
Rose-water.
Citrus limonum.
.Coleous aronlaticus.
Crataeva R.
42. BURNS & SCALDS:
Dolicos Bif.
(Agnidagdha-vrana; Dagdha- Erigeron C.
vrana):Gokshuradi Guggula.
See also "Antiseptics"
Hygrophila S.
Indigofera G
Aloe barbadensis.
Basella A . .
Lawsonia A.
Moringa P.
Bicarbonate of Soda (P.H.T.)
Papaver S.
Cocos N.
Flour and lard applied in equal Pavetta I.
Pedalium M.
parts.
Potassium salts.
Ghee. (P.H.T.)
Pyrus specieS.
Gossypium I. & H.
Raphanus S.
lndigofera T.
Salvadora p. & O.
LawsoniaA.
(Uric acid):Lime Liniment (P .H.T.)
Saxifraga L.
Linum U.
Silicium salts.
Mangifera I.
Sida R.
Manjishtadya ghrita.
Solanum X~nthocarpum.
Mel depuratum.
I
(Urinary) :-Mentha 'pipe~ata oil (P.ll.T.)
Spinacea O. etc.
Oryza S.
"
Styrax .B.
Portulaca species.
Tribulus T.
Rubia C.
Vitex V.
Rumex C.
(Stone in the bladder):Saccharum O.
Trivikrama rasa.
Sesamum I.
Urgina I. etC.
Silicium salts.
See also "Diuretics" in
Solanum T.
AppendbC I.
Terminalia Cheb.
Trigonella F.
45. CANCIm (Mansarbhuda;
Triticum S.
Valmeekam):Urtica D.
Acacia catechu.
Citrus limonum (P.H.T.) 43. CACIIEXIA:Indigofera A.
Squalus C. preparation.
Kaempfer<l R.
Papaver S.
Strychnos C. etc.
Xanthium S. etc.
Taraxacum O. etc.
44. CALCULI: (Ashman

. Sikata):Acarus calamus.
Boerrhavia diffusa.
Bombax Malabaricum.
22
46. CARBUNCLE: (Calpu1i;

Vinata-pramehapitaka )See also "Boils".
Camphor spirits and lime water
equal parts (P.H.T.)
Curd.
Daemia E.
Kalagnirudra rasa.
Lauha bhasma.
Nitric acid (P.H.T.)
Papaver S.
Saccharum O.
Santalum album.
Vateria I.
Withania somnifera.
Zizyphus J. etc.
47. CATARACT:Colchicum (P.H.T.)
48. CATARRH: (Nasal):
(Prathisyayam) :See also "Antiphlogistics".
Aconitum ferox & nepellus.
Agati G.
Allium C.
Aristolochia I.
Mesua F.
Ocimum S.
Sesbania G.
(Fever):AL<;tonia S.
Andropogon C.
(chronic) : Balsamodendron O.
Baleria P.
Barringtcmia A.
Basella A.
Coriandrum S.
Curcuma L.
Eclipta E.
Erythroxylon C.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Hordeum V.
lthrphal.
Kapha ketu rasa..
Musa S.
Nigella sativa.
Piper species.
Ptychotis A.
(laryngeal) : Rumex C.
(bronchial) : Santalum A.
Solanum D. & X.
Swertia C. etc.
Utrica D.
Vitex N. etc.
Vitis V.
49. CEPHALALGIA:Asclepias A.
Bassia La.
Eclipta E.
Emblica O.
Michelia C.
Nelumbium S.
Saussurea L.
50. CHANCRE: (Dustavraru

Upadamsha; Mehavrana)
See "Sores"; "Syphilis" I
"Ulcers"
51. CmCKEN-POX:
(Kanjinya) :Curcuma L.
52. CHLOROSIS:
(Panduroga):Balsamodendron My.
Crocus S.
'T"
Gossypium 1.
53. CHOLERA: (Vishuchij
Vislloochika; Philtkee):See:-Vomiting, Diarrhoe
and Demulcents.
Achyranthes aspera.
Andropogon C., Mur., & N.
A:'plotaxis auriculata.
APPENDICES
57. COLDS: (Amadosham;

Brassica A.
Jalad(}sham).
Bryophyllum calyoinum.
See also "Catarrh".
Capsicum A.
Abies W ebbiana.
lVIucuna pruriens.
Allae pauk.
Sapindas triioliatus.
Allium sativum.
(infantum) : Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Camphora officinaru m (P.R.T.) Centipeda O.
Carum copticum.
Ceropegia B.
Citrus acida (P.R.T.)
Coffea A.
Citrus B.
Cyperus R.
Coriandrum sativum.
Euphatorium A.
Curcuma L.
Gorochanam.
Erythroxylon C.
Mentha 'Po
Ithraphal.
Moschus moschiferous.
(cramps):Piper higrum.
Cuprum acet (P.R.f.)
Hyoscyamus (P.R.T.)
Ptychotis A.
Kaolin (P.R.T.)
Zingiber O.
Papaver somniferu:rn.
58. COLIC: (Shula):_':'
Piper nigrum.
(flatulent):Podophyllum emodi (P.R.T.)
Potassii nitras.
Achyranthes aspera.
Ptychotis A.
A(':Jrus C.
Ranwolfia S.
Anthemis N.
Asphaltum (Silajit).
Sinapis J.
Strychnos 1.
Catbonat~ of Soda.
(collapse) : Caryophyllus aromaticus.
Verbena oiL
Cinnamomum tamala.
Zingiber O.
54. CHOREA:-'
Coriandrum S.
Hermodactylus G.
Crocus S.
N ardostachys J.
Ferula A. & F.
Valeriana species.
Fiscus Benja.
55. 'CHYLURIA:Pimpinella A.
(Pisthameha) :Ruta G.
Symplocos R.
(infant):56. CIRRHOSIS:
Alocasia 1.
(Yakraddalyudara; YakAloe B.
rith-vriddhi).
(Infantile).
Coleus A.
Luffa E.
Altingia K
Potassium salts.
340
Anisomeles M.
Apium G.
Asparagus R.
Barringtonia A.
Caesalpinia B.
THE INDIAN ;MATERIA MEDICA
Papaver S.
Peganum H.
Piper species.
Potassii carbonas and Salts
Ptychotis A.
Randia D.
Ranwolfia S.
Ricinus communit'!.
(lead):Saccharum O.
Saline substances.
Sapindas T.
Shanka bhasma.
Sida C.
(renal):Siegesbeckia O. etc.
Sinapis J.
Solanum 1.
S1da gaja kesari.
Sulphur and its preparation
Tamarindus 1.
Terminalia Cat. & Cheb.
Trigonella F.
Vitex N. etc.
Zingiber O.
(ChroniC) : Cannabis S.
Capparis A.
Carum copticum.
Cassia F.
Chat'lkrttshana churna.
Clerodendron Infor.
Clitoria T.
Coriandrum sativum.
Ferula foetida.
Foeniculam V.
Galega P.
Gandhakadi vatL
Gendarussa V.
Glorios S.
(due to worms):Grahini-mihira Taila.
(colitis) : Holarrhena A.
Hyoscyamus niger.
Hyssopus O. , .
Illicium V.
J atiphaladi ch'lkrnam.
Kalyanaksharam.
Lavendula S.
(painter's) ; Linum U.
Luffa E.
Madanadi Vamana.
Mahanaracha Rasa.
Melaleuca L.
(gastric) : Mentha P.
Mucuna P.
Myristica F.
N ardostacJ:,.ys J.
Nicotiana T.
Paederia F.
Paeonia E.
.....'"""
59.
COMA: (Salmyasa).
See "Fainting".
60. CONCEPTION:Abroma augusta (P.R.T.)
61.
CONJUNCTIVITIS:
(Abhishyanda}:__,.
Aloe L.
Alumen.
Berberis asiatica.
Bombax malabnricum.
Cassia auri.
Coleus A.
Coptis T.
(chro_nic) : Coriandrum S.
Emblica O.
Erythrina I.
:JVIemecylon F.
Osepie & its preparations.
APPENDICES
_ 341
Ricinus C.
(chemosis) ;Strychnos P.
Zincum.
Tamarindus I.
Taraxacum (P.R.T.),
Trivrit Leyham . .'
Tumburadya Churna..
S2.
63. CONSUMPTION:
(Kshyaya; Raj21yakshma).
See also "Ple1;lrisy" and
Expectorants) .
See also "Phthisis"
Tuberculosis.
-
CONSTIPATION;
(Anaha; l\lalabandham):-See also "Laxatives,
Purgatives" .
Acalypha 1.
Acorus calamus.
Alocacia I.
Aloe barbadensis.
Bertholletia E.
Beta V.
(habitual) ;Cassia absus & O. & F.
angustifolia.
Euonymus A.
Bezoar.
.
Fel bovis.
Clitoria T.
Emblica O.
Gandhakadi churna.
Gandhaka Kalka.
Gulkhand.
lchchavedivatica.
(chronic);Ithrphal.
Strychnos N.
Jatropha Mon.
Kalyana-ksharam.
Lens E.
Naracna churna.
N aracha Rasa.
Papaver somniferum, (P.H.T.)
Picrorrhiza kurroa.
Piper species.
Pranadi gutika.
Psiditim G.
Pyrus malus, (P.R.T.)
Rosebay.
(Obstinate) ;Rukkeshee Rasa.
Abies Webbiana~
Abhra Bhasma.
Adhatoda vasika.
Agasti-haritaki.
Allium sativum.
Bambusa arundinacea
(Bamboo m~a).
Beninkasa C.
Dhanvantri tailam.
Draksharista.
Emblic myrobalan.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Ipomoea digitata & I.
turpethum.
Kumari asava.
Lakshadi Taila.
Mel depuratum.
Myrtus communis (P.R.T.)
Narayana Taila.
Nal'ikelakhanda:
(pulmonaT1.J) ;....:_
Papaver somniferum.
Pinus deodara.
Piper longum.
Vitis V.
Withartia S. etc.
64.
CONTulIONS:(See:-Inflammaiions &
Antiphlogistics) .
Cera flava.
342
65. CONVALESCENCE:Quinetum.
Sida A.
Todda,lia A. etc.
66.
CONVULSIONS:
(Aakshepaka; Apasmaram):(Infantile) : Allium C. & S.
Cassia O.
Feruia foetida.
Ruta G.
(puerperal) : Gardenia F.
Gorochanam.
Gynandropsis P.
Masha Taila.
Nardostachys J.
Ovapana.
Sinapis J.
Svalparasv,na Pinda.
67.
CORNS: (Kadara;
Keelakam):Anacardium O.
Carica P.
Jasminum G.
Oxalis C.
(Inveterate) : Urgina I. etc.
CORPULENCE:
(Sthulata) :See also:-"Obesity".
Boswellia glabra (P.R.T.)
Crataeva N.
Dolichos Bif.
Gardenia G.
Mel depuratum.
Silajit.
Varunttdya Guda.
68.
CORYZA: (Pl'atishyaya; .
Jaladosham):Chaturushana Churnam.
Curcuma L.
~
69.
Eucalyptus G.
Euphorbia P.
Myristica M.
70.
COUGH: (Kasa):(See also: "Expectorants")
Abies W.
Abrus precatorius.
Acacia Arabica. V
Acorus calamus.
Adhatoda V.
Allae pauk.
Allium C.
Aloe barbadensis.
Alumen.
Anisochilus C.
Balsamodendron O.
Coleus A.
Myrica N.
Ovapana.
Solanum T.
Trigonella F.
Beninkasa C.
Cervus dama.
Chaturushana Churnam.
Cinnamomum C. I. M. & T.
Cochlospermum G.
Coriandrum sativum.
Cowrie bhasma.
Dhatrimodaka.
Draksharista.
Ferula foetida.
Galega p.
Gendurussa V.
Glycyrrhiza G.
Herpestis monnie1;;
Hibiscus Rosa S.
Hrasva panchamula.
(Spasmodic) : Hyoscyamus N.
Illicium verum.
Jati'phaladya Churna.
,
APPENDICES
Kapha ketu Rasa.

Nicotina T.
Polyporus O.
Solanum I. & X.
Styrax B.
Hyssopus O.
Indigofera Pul.
Kantakaryava Leha.
Katphaladi Churna.
Lavangadi Churnam.
Mukta Bhasma.
Myristica M.
Panchakola Churnam.
Papaver S.
Piper species.
Pippali Arista.
Rhus succedanea.
Saussurea L.
Scilla I.
(phlegmatic) : Scindapsus O.
Sesamtiin indicum.
Sinapis J.
Solanum N.
Sringyadi Chur'IUL.
Tylophora A.
(distressing) :Styrax B.
Talisadya Churna.
Tamarix G. etc.
Terminalia B. & Cheb.
Vasava Leha.
Verbascum T.
Viola species.
Vitis V.
Zingiber O. & Z.
71. CRACKS IN HANDS:Calendula Officinalis (P.H.T.)
72.
CROUP: (Svatagneekasa;
Swarabhangam;
Swaraghna).
Carica P.
Eucalyptus G.
Ocimum basilicum.
(Spasmodic) :Kaolin (P.H.T.)
Urgina 1.
CYSTITIS: (l\1utroukasada; Moothrakrichram):(See also: "Diuretics").
Abutilon 1.
Acacia A.
Aconitum nepellus (P.H.T.)
Cannabis sativa (P.H.T.)
Cantharis (P.H.T.)
73.
Cissampelos pareira.} .?
Corchorus C.
. ~o 0
.
Cyperus rotundus.
::::. II
Santalum A.
0
Erigeron C.
Eucalyptus G.
(Catarrh of bladder):Gmelina A.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hibiscus Rosa S.
Linum U.
Liquidambar O.
Mollugo cerviana.
Phaseolus species.
Sida C.
Tribulus T.
(spasm of bladder):Vernonia C. etc.
Zincum.
DANDRUFF:(Sirakandoo) :See: Tailors' cramp and Canal?is S. Or C. 1.

writers' cramp.
Citrus B.
71(a) CRAMPS:-
74.

Euphorbia T.
Indigofera A.
75. DEBILITY: (Asaktata;
Balakshyam; KshinaRoga).
See also "Tonics",
"Aphrodisiacs".
Aconitum H.
'Agnithundi vati.
Asvagandha ghrita.
Alstonia S.
Banga Bhasma.
Curculigo O. (for oM age).
Emblica O.
Evolvulus A(nervous):Hibiscus A. & S.
MakaTadhvaja.
Trapa B. etc.
(constitutional) : Chyava:nap-rasha.
Ipomoea digitata.
Kameshwar modale.
Kariyat.
Lepidium S.
.
Mahalakshmibilas Rasa.
Majoonai-kuvathiabah.
Mandura Loha.
Melia Azadi.
Myristica M.
Phoenix species.
Soymida F.
Toddalia A.
Trapa B.
Vasanta Kusumaka.ra Rasa.
Withania S. etc.
76.
DELIRIUM:
(Vibhrama):Agaricus (P.H.T.)
Camphora O.
Capsicum frutescens &
minimum.
Lagenaria V.
.'-'
Michelia C.
Myristica F.
(violent) : Papaver S.
Potassium salts.
Sinapis J ..
Zizyphus J. etc.
77.
DIABETES MELLITUJ
& INSIPIDUS:-
(Madhu-meha)
(U dak-meha).
Abroma augusta (P.H.T.)
Acacia A.
Aconitum F.
Alpinia G.
Bangeshwara Rasa.
Basanta Kusumakara Rasa.
Brihat Kasturi Bhairub.
Brihat Samanatha Rasa.
Cassia Auri.
Cassia F.
Cassia S.
Cephalandra indica
~
Citrus A.
Curcuma longa.
Cyperus Rotundus.
Emblica O.
.'
Emblic myrobalan.
Eriodendron A.
Erythrina I.
Eugenia J.
Ficus G. & B.
Ganganadhi Lauha.
Guazuma T.
Gymnema S.-a specific.
Helicteres I.
.
Ipomoea digitata.,..
Kadalyadi ghrita.
Lodoicea S.
Mengifera I.
Mel depuratum.
Momordica charantia (P.H
Musa Paradisica & Musa :
Nymphoea species.
- Orchis M.
'
~
Papaver S.
APPENDICES
Phyllanthus species.
Plumbum (P.H.T.)
pongamia G.
prunus Amygdalus.
psidium G.
Rourea S.
Rubia cordifolia.
Sattgilo or Palo.
Scilla indica (P.H.T.)
Soma1ULtha Rasa.
. Stannum preparations.
Strychnos N. & P.
Syzygium jambulanum
(P.H.T.)
Tarakeshvara Rasa.
Terminalia chebula.
TriphGla.
Valeriana for diabetes insipidis
(P.H.T.)
Vangeshvara Rasa.
Vasanta Kusumakara Rasa.
Vitis vinijera.
Vrihat Vangeshvara Rasa.
Yeast, extract of (P.H.T.)
78. DIARRHOEA:
(Atisara):Acacia A. C. & S.
Achyranthes aspera.
Acorus calamus
Agnikumara Rasa.
(chronic) : Aegle M.
Alstonia S.
Ananda Bhairava Rasa.
Arsenious acid.
Bhoonimbadi Chttrnam.
Bombax malabaricum.
Cannabis S.
Carica P.
Coffea A.
Cuminum cyminun1.
Cynodon D.
Eugenia J.
Ferri sulphas.
Galiga P.
Gangadhara Churna (laghu &
brihat).
Garcinia M.
Grahani kapata Rasa.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Mahagandhak.
Myristica fragrans.
Orchis M.
Papaver somniferum.
Plumbum and its salts.
Punica G.
Rasanjanadi churna.
Santalum album.
Strychnos P.
Swarna parpati.
Terminalia cheb.
Vitis .V.
(Ordinary) : Agaricus A. & O.
Amaranthus Poly.
Annona R. & S.
I
Areca C.
BaeZ marmalade.
Balachatu1'bhadraka.
Barringtonia A.
Bauhinia V.
Butea F.
Caesalpinia D. & S.
Cedrus D.
Changeri ghrita.
Cinnamomum C. M. T. &
Zeylanicum.
'Cylesta S.
Cyperut. P. & R.
Diospyros E.
Dugdhvati.
Elephantopus S.
Effiblica O.
Feronia F.
Flacourtia C.
(acute & chronic):(Pakwa-atisar ).
Holarrahena A.
Vajraka,pata Rasa.
346
Hriveradi.
Isaphgul-ka-chilka.
Ixora C.
J atiphaladi gutika.
,Jatropha C.
J awarish-a-kammon.
.Jirakadi Modaka.
Kalanchoe L.
Kalu Bhasma.
Kapithashtaka Chunut.
Karpura Rasa.
K utajarishta.
K utajashtaka.
Lepidium S.
Mangifera I.
Musa S.
(summer & choleraic):-Myristic a F.
Myrtus C.
Nigella S.
Nymphoea species.
Ostrea E. & its preparations.
Paederia foetida.
Poenia F.
Papaver S.
ParmeliaP.
Physalis species.
Plantago ispagula.
Pongamia G.
Pter.x:cwpu'S 1)[.
'Ptychotis A.
Quercus I.
Randia D.
(also teething):RheumE.
(infantile) :(Balaroga-atisar) .
Rhus S.
Ricinus C.
(with high fever):Sambunath Rasa.
Sindapsus O.
Sesbania species.
Shankhavati.
Shore a R.
Shulaharanayoga.
Silicium salts.
......
Sodium salts and preparation:

Soymida F.
Spongia O.
(atonic) : Strychnos N.
Terminalia B. C. & T .
Tamarix G. etc.
Terminalia A. & B.
Toddalia A. etc.
Trapa B. etc.
(puerperal) : Trigonella F.
Tylophora A.
Urine (Ox's).
Vitex N. etc.
W oodfordia F.
Zincum.
Zingiber O.
Zizyphus J. etc.
79.
DIPHTHERIA:
(Kantharohini):Capsicum A.
Citrus limonum (P.H.T.)
Eucalyptus G.
Mentha P.
Sodium salts and preparation!
DIPSOMANIA:
(Oonmada ):Capsicum A.
Coriandrum S.
Ptychotis A.
SO.
81.
DROPSY: (Sotham;
Shoafa Shwayathu;
Udaram-Sopftam) ;
(Sihotha);
(See also "Diuretics" &
'Liver affectionS" & 'Pur,
gatives' "Stomach complaints") (Shoparaga).
(Svayathu):Achyranthus A.
Adityapaka guggula .
APPENDICES
Aegle M.
Allium sativUIn.
Amrita guggula.
Argemone M.
Asparagus O.
Azina T.
BaIsqmodendron Muku1.
Bauhinia V.
Blatta Orientalis (P.H.T.)
Boerhavia diffusa (P.H.T.)
& repens.
'Cocculus G.
Croton T.
Euonymus.
Euphorbia N.
(hepatic) : 'Galega P.
Helleborus N.
Hermodactylus G.
Hygrophila S.
1ndigofera Tinct.
lpomoeah H. P. & T .
.Jalodarari Rasa.
.Juniperus C.
Kaisara guggula.
Kanchanara guggula.
Lokanatha Rasa.
MoringaP.
Mucuna P.
Nigella S.
(renal):Pavetta I.
Picrorhiza Kurrooa.
Piper nigrum.
Pu.narnavadi mandur.
Rubia C
Sadanga guggula.
Scilla I.
Urgina I.
(anaemia) : Shoathahar Loha.
Solanum Xanthocarpum &'
nigrum.
Sterospermum suaveolens.
Strychnos I.
347
Symplocos R. etc.
Taraxacum O. etc.
Terminalia B.
Tri~onella
F.
Triphala guggula.
(cardiac) : U rgina 1. etc.
Vahni Rasa.
Vatari Rasa
Vernonia C. etc.
Y ogaraja gu.ggula.
Zingiber Officinale.
82. DYSENTERY:
(Aamati-
sara; Athisara; AamansJta;

Aavartaka; Pravahika):(See also: "Demulcents"
& "Digestives"):Acacia A. & C.

Acorus calamus.
Adhatoda V.
(chronic) : Aegle M.
Agaricus O.
Ailanthus glandulosa (P.H.T.)
Ailanthus M.
Allium C.
Aloe L.
Alstonia S
Alumen.
Anona S.
Asclepias A. & C.
A&paragus A.
Bael marmalade.
Balsamodendron O.
Bambusa arundinacea
(Bamboo manna).
Bauhinia T. & V.
Bhoonimbadi Churnam.
Bilva Panchaka.
Bixa O.
Bombax malabaricum.
Butea F.
Caesalpinia S.
Cannabis S
348
Careya A.
Cinnamomum tamala &
zeylanicum.
Cuminum cyminum.
Cyperus rotundus.
Diospyros E.
Eucalyptus G.
Eugenia J.
Ferri sulphas.
Musa S.
Orchis M.
Pterocarpus species.
Rheum E.
Rumex C.
Shankavati.
Sida C.
Strychnos N.
(chronic, infantile):Cedrela T.
Cedrus D.
Ckangeri ghrita.
Citrus fr & M.
Coccus lacca.
Cochlospermum G.
(acute):Corchorus C.
Curcuma Ang.
Cylesta S.
Cynodon D.
Cyperus P. & R.
Diospyros M.
Elephantopus S.
Emblica O.
Eriodendron A.
Etrythrina I.
Euphorbia P.
Evovulus A.
Feronia E.
Ficus B. & C.
Flacourtia C
Flemingia T.
Gawgadhar Rasa.
Gangadhara Churna (Laghu &
Brihat).
Garcinia M. & Pur.
Geranium W.
Gossypium I., R. & H.

Gracilaria L.
Grahani-kapata Rasa.
Grewia P.
HermodactyIus G.
Hibiscus P.
Holarrhena A.
Hydrocotyle A.
I saphagal-ka-chilka.
Ixora C.
J atiphaladi gutika.
Kalanchoe L.
.
Kapithashtaka Churna.
Kutaja Leha.
Kutajarishta.
Kutajastaka.
Litsea S.
. Luffa Am.
Symplecos R.
(bleeding) : Mangifera I.
Mesua F.
Musa paradisiaca.
(typhoid) : Myrica N.
Myristica fragrans..
Myrtus C.
Nelumbium S.
Ochrocarpus L.
- Ocimum species.
Oleum Ricini.
Oxalis C. (P.H.T.)
Papaver S.
Parm,.elia P.
Patadya Churna.
Phyl1anthus species.
Physalis species.
Piper nigrum.
Plantago ispagula (seeds)
& ovata.
Potassium salts.
Prituka Churna.
Punica G.
Pyrus species.
Randia D.
Saccharum O.
Sallne substances..
APPENDICES
Santalum A.
Saraca I.
SesamumI.
$hankha B1iaS'l'n '.
Shorea R.
SiliciUm salts.
Soymida F.
SpondiaS M. etc.
SpongiaO.
Tamarindus I.
Tamarix G. etc.
Terminalia A. & B.
(mucous stools):~
Terminalia cheb.
Trigonella F.
Tylophora A.
Vajrakapata Rasa.
Woodfordia F.
Agnimukha Churna.
Ailanthus Ex. & M.
Allaepauk.
Alstonia scholaris.
Amorphophallus C.
(with loss of appetite):A mlica pana.
Amrita Haritaki.
Amrita Kalpa Rasa.
Amrita Vati.
Ananda-Bhairava Rasa.
Andropogon M.
Arsenicum white.
Bhoonimbadi Churnam.
Tankanadi Vati.
(Ordinary) : Anisomeles M.
Anthemis N.
83. DYSMENORltHOEA:
Artemesia 11,.
(Asrigdhara; ArthavaAsparagus R.
sooIam).
Astachurnam.
Balachaturbhadraka.
Abroma A.
Beninkasa C.
Borax (P.H.T.)
Bile.
Brassica A. & J.
Brihat Suran Madaka.
Cannabis S.
Catotropis gigantea.
Cocculus (P.H.T.)
Capsicum A., F. & M.
Crocus S.
Carbonate of Soda.
Batura A. & F.
Carica P.
Erythrina I.
Carum copticum.
Gossypium I. & H.,
Cassia fistula.
Jatiphaladi Churntl.m.
Cinchona C.
Melanleuca L.
Cinnamomum C. & 1.
Musa S.
(atonic):Myristica F.
Citrus Au. & M.
Semecarpus A.
Sesamum I.
Coptis T.
Elettaria C.
(and after paiJ;ls):Viburnam F.
Feronia elephantum.
Ferula foetida.
84. DYSPEPSIA:
Hibiscus A.
(Agniruandya; Amlapitta). Lycopersicum E.
(See also: "Flatulence" & RheumE.
"Indigestion") .
Terminalia cheb.
Abhra Bhasma.
(bilious) : Aconitu;m H.
Cocculus V.
Acorus C.
Gentiana K.
349
Spondias M. etc.
(Ordinary) : Coriandrum S.
Cosmostigma R.
Cowrie Bhasma.
Dhananidaia.
Dhatri arista.
Dhatri leha or lauha.
Dhatrimodaka.
Drakshasava.
Embelia R.
Emblica O.
Ferula foetida
Galega P.
Grangea M.
Guda or guda manduram.
Hedychium S.
Hemidesmus I.
Hibiscus S.
Ringavashtaka Churna.
Rriveradi.
Hyssopus O.
Jatropha C.
J awarish-ai-kammon.
Jirakadi Modaka.
(anorexia) : Kalpam kalyana-ksharam.
Kapardaka Bhasma.
Lactuca S .
Laghu Surana Madaka.
Laja.
Lauha Bhasma.
Mesua F
Methi Modaka.
Michelia C.
Mucuna P.
Myristica F. & M.
Nigella S.
Narasimha Churna.
N arikelakhanda.
N arikelakshara.
Nymphoea species.
Oryza S.
Ostrea E. and its preparations.
Oxalis C.
Panchakola Churnam.
Parmelia P.
Picrorrhiza Kurroa.
Piper species.
Pittantaka Rasa.
Plumbago Zeylanica & RPongamia G.
Prmtadi gutika.
Pravala Bhasma.
Ptychotis A.
Punica granatum (P.R.T.)'
Pyrus species.
Quassia E.
Rumex C.
Saline substances.
Samasarkara Churna.
Sambuka Bhasma.
Saubhagya Sunti.
Saussurea L.
Semecarpus A.
Shanka Bhasma.
Shilajit.
Sida A.
Sodii B.
(painful) : Bhaskara Lavanam.
Brishta tandula.
Shoolaharanayoga.
Sodium salts & preparations.
Urine (Cow's) & preparatioIlS._
Strychnos C. & N. (P.R.T.)
Sukti Bhasma.
Sulphur & its preparations.
Sulphur corrected with
Myrobalans churna.
Svalpa methi modaka.
Swertia C. etc.
Taraxacum O.
Terminalia B.
..,
Trigonella F.
Trivrit Leyham.
Tryushanadi Lauha.
(with flatulence):Tumlntradya Churna.
Vanga Bhasma.
Vitex N. etc.
(acid):0
APPENDICES,
EAR-ACHE: (Kamashoola:See also: "Antiseptics";

"Tympanitis") .
Acacia catechu.
85. DYSPNOEA:
Allium S.
(Hikka-Swasam).
Alstonia S.
Apamarga taila.
See:-HicCQugh.
Caesalpinia bonducella.
Aloe B.
Cardiospermum H.
Andropogon C.
Cleome V.
Eucalyptus G.
Conium maculatum (P.H.T.)
Kumari Asava.
Crinum D.
Melanleuca' L.
Datu~a A.
Sinapis J.
Erythrina I.
Terminalia B.
Euphorbia Tir.
(emphysema.tous) :Ferula foetida.
Withania S.
Grangea M.
Hirudo medicinalis.
86. DYSURIA:
(Mutrakra- Jasminum G.
chha; Mootrakrichram):- Moringa pterygosperma.
Musa paradisiaca.
See also: Strangury.
Myrica sapida.
See: Diuretics and AntiMyristica M.
spasmodics) .
Ocimum species.
Abelmoschus E.
Pandanus O.
Papaver S.
Bombax M.
Papaver nigrum (P.H.T.)
Cannabis S.
Piper species.
Ptychotis A.
Clitoria T.
Corchorus C.
Shankha Bhasma.
Curcuma Ang.
Spondias M. etc.
Cynodon dactylon.
(with discharges):Elephantopus S.
Erythrina I.
(tympanitis) : Glycyrrhiza G.
Sulphur & its preparations.,
Gmelina Asi.
(also with sores):GokShuradi guggula.
Hibiscus S.
88. ECLAMPSIA:-Cobra
Hygrophila S
poison (P.H.T.)
Ipomoea digitata.
Potassii Carbonas.
89. ECZEMA: (Kanda;
Scilla I.
Kitibha):Solanum 1. & Xanthacarpum.
Sweta parpati.
Adityapaka taila.
Tribulus territris.
Amaranthus Poly.
Vitis vinifera.
Arka taila.
VidyadhaTabhra.
Vitis V.
Xanthoxylum species.
87.
351
Arsenicum white.
Butea frondosa.
Calotropis G.
Cassia alata & tora.
Cera flava
Citrus Au.
Cocculus V.
Cucumis Melo.
Curcuma L.
Ghee.
Graphites (black lead)
(P.H.T.)
,
Gynocardia odorata.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hydrocotyle A.
Jatropha C.
Jirakadya taila.
Karaviradya taila.
Melaleuca S
Panchavalkadi tailum.
Piper nigrum.
Rubia cordifolia.
Santalum album.
\ Sinduradya taila.
(tetter):Triticum S.
Mucuna P.
Picrorrhiza kurro.a.
Piper nigrum.
Sida C.
Symplocos 'rasemosa.
91. EMPHYSEMA:Punarnavashtaka.
Strychnos N.
Urgina I. etc.
92. ENTERITIS:See: "Typhoid" fever.
93. ENURESIS:See: Anuria & Urinaey
complaints.
94. EPIDIDYMITIS:(Gonorrhoel) :Vitex N. etc.
95. EPILEPSY:
(Apasmara):Acorus C.
Adhatoda V.
Allium C.
Anacyclus P.
90. ELEPHANTIASIS:
Artemesia absinthium (P.H.T.)
(Sleepaada; Slipada):Asparagus racemosus.
See: "Filariasis":
Beninkasa C.
(See: Antiyretics; Blood- Borax (P.R.T.)
purifiers; Diuretics and
Brahmi ghrita.
Purgatives) .
Brassica A.
Allium sativum.
Camphora O.
Canscora D.
Curcuma longa.
Chaturmukha Rasa.
Datura fastuosa.
Clerodendron siphonanthus,
Eclipta E.
(nocturnal) :Guazuma T.
Cocculus S.
Hemidesmus I.
Cow's urine.
(for fever):Datura A.
Hubbai Sahfa.
Execaria A.
Hydrargyrum.
Flemingia S.
Hydrocotyle A.
Gossypium I.
Ichnocarpus F.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Indigofera A.
Hermodactylus C.
APPENDICES
Herpestis M.
Hyocyamus N.
Indigo tinctoria (P.R.T.)
Kumari Asava.
Kushmanda Ghrita.
Lycopodium C.
Moringa P.
(hystero) :Nardostachys J.
Ovapana.
Paeonia E.
Pandanus O.
Peteroselinum S.
Sapindas.. T.
Semecarpus A.
Siddhartha Ghrita.
Smilax C. etc.
Urine (Goat's) preparations.
Valeriana species.
(locally) :Vasachandanadi Taila.
96. EXPISTAXIS:(Nasaraktaj Raktapittaj

Urdhwagata) :See also:-Demulcents &
Diuretics. )
Acacia catechu.
Achyranthes aspera.
Allium cepa.
Alumen.
Alum water (P.H.T.)
Apamarga Taila.
Crotalaria J.
Cynodon D.
Dalbergia: Sis.
Emblica O.
Gossypium I.
Moschus moschiferous (P.HIT.)
Punica granatum.
Rhus S.
2.3
353
Silicium salts.
Triticum S.
Vitis Q. etc.
97. ERYSIPELAS:
(Visarpa):See alSo:-"Fevers".
Aconitum napellus (P.H.T.)
Berberis aristata.
Eucalyptus G.
Indigofera A.
Kalagnirudra Rasa.
Melia azadirachta.
Portulaca species.
Tribhuvankeerti Rasa.
Triticum S.
98. ERYTHEMA:Coriandrum S.
99.
EYE DISEASES:(Netraroga):See also:-"Antiseptics'~ &

"Anti-phlogistics".
Acacia S.
Agaricus (P.H.T.)
Boerhavia difIusa.
Borax.
Butea frondosa.
(Pacchakarpurum) .
Conium maculatum in
muscular weakness (P.R.T.)
Curcuma longa.
Datura fastuosa.
Digitalis purpurea in Blapharitis. (P.H.T.).
(Tinia tarsi):Erythrina I.
Ghee.
(sore):Heliotropium S.
Hydnocarpus inebrians.
Ipecac (P.H.T.).
Ipomoea turpethum.
Peteroselinum S.
(weak eyes):-
Jasmin G. & S.
Mel depuratum.
Musa S.
Oleum Ricini.
Papaver somniferum.
(painful ees):Piper speCles.
Plumbum and its species.
polygala senega (P.H.T.).
Rhododendron (P.H.T.).
Rosa species.
(country sore):Saccharum O.
Saxifraga L.
Sesamum L
Smilax China.
Strychnos nux-vomica in atrophy of retina (P.H.T.).
(Lachrymation) : Strychnos P.
Symplocos R.
.TerminaIia chebula.
(blood shot eyes):Vernonia C. etc.
Zinc salts and preprations.
100. FAINTING: (Moorchha;

Murchcha;
Bhramanidra):-See also Syncope
and "Coma".
Allium C. & S.
Anona S.
Moringa P.
Nicotina T.
Phaseolus nana. (P.H.T.).
Zingiber O.
101. FATIGUE: (from
journeys) : -
long
Coffea Arabica (P.H.T.).

(for mental fatigue):Anacardium (P.H.T.).
102. FELONS:-See
"WoUll'ds", etc.
Euphorbia A.
"Sores";
103. FEVERS: (Jvarak (800

also "Diaphoretics",;' Diuretics, & "Purg8tives'~).
Aconitum F. H. & N.
Acorus C.
Cinnamomum camphora_
Coriandrum sativum.
Cuminum cyminum.
Datura fastuosa.
Hydrargyri sulphidum .
rubrum.
Ipomoea turpethum.
Piper nigrum.
(eruptive) ; Agati Gr.
Bisamajaranthak Lauha_
Oryza S
Piper longum.
Potassium salts.
(Quartan fever):Achyranthes aspera.
(Catan-hal fevers):Aegle marmelos.
Ocimum sanctum.
Rhus succedanea.
(after effects):Alstonia S.
(intermittent & remittent);Ananda Bhairava Rasa.
Andrographis P.
Andropogon M.
Anisomeles M.
Clerodendron Inerme.
(Miasmatic fever):Berberis asiatica & B. aristat.a.
Coccus la.cca. ...Calotropis G.
(intermittent) :-'-__
(Vishama-jwara). ~
Aristolochia 1.
Boerhawa diffusa.
Calotropis G.
Hrahat Sudarshana Churn.a.
Carum carui.
Cassia fistula.
APPENDICES
Cinchona C.
Gentiana K.
Gmelina arborea.
Gossypium r.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Melia Azadirachta.
Mukta bhastna.
Nigella S.
Nyctanthes arbor-tristis.
Quinetum.
. Quihine.
Soymida F.
Strychnos N.
Taruna Jvarari.
Vitex T.
Zingiber O.
(with delirium
etc.):~
Ashtadasanga pachana.
(chronic fever with emaciation and anaeinia):Andrographis paniculata.
Berberis A.
Bixa O.
Caesalpinia B.
Camphora O.
Kiratadi Taila.
(rheumatic & infiammatory):CasSia S.
Cocculus C
(chronic) : Cyperus R.
Dasamula Kvatha.
Dichrosa F.
Eucalyptus G. (P.H.T.).
Gendarussa V.
J varabrahmastra.
Jvarasani Rasa.
Punica G.
Pyrethrum radix.
Sattgiw or Palo.
Sida cordfolia.
Solanum I.
,
Sri. Miit'yunjaya Rasa.
Sterospermum suaveolens.' ,
Sudarsana Churna.
Swasa Kutara Rasa.

Visamajvarantaka Lattha.
Zinc salts and pr:eparations.
Coffea Arabica for early stages
of typhoid fever. (P.R.T.).
(rheumatic) : Asparagus racemosus.
(bilious) : ; li!
Adhatoda Vasica.
Cyperus rotundus .
Glycyrrhiza G.
Mollugo cervi ana.
Podophyllum E.
Quassia E.
Solanum Xanthocarpum~
Trubhttvan-keerti Rasa.
Trichosanthes' species.
Vetala Rasa.
Vitis V.
Vrihat Panchaniula.
(remittent) : (Vishamajvam);
Jwara-Santata).
Chandesvara Rasa.
DartL'brahma Rasa.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Gmelina A.
Hedysarum G.
Hinguleshvara Rasa.
Melia azadirachta.
Panchabhadra.
Piper Nigrum.
Svasakuthara Rasa.
Toddalia A. etc.
(drink):,..
Andropogon muricatus ..
Hordeum V.
Vitis Vinifera.
(catarrhal) : Hrasva Panchamula.
Hydrocoty Ie A.
I:r:.dignfera E.
J ayama-nga,Za Rasa.
356
J waramurari Rasa.
Rhus S.
Vitex N. etc.
Kalingakadt kvatha.
Kapha Ketu Rasa.
(low):-
.,
(with liver. derangement):-
Balsamodendron Mukul.
Eclipta erecta.
Melanleuca L.
Nyctanthes A.
Ocimum species.
Panchavakt1'a Rasa.
Patoladi kvatha.
Picrorhiza kurrooa.
Piper longum.
Salvadora species.
(ague) : Quinine.
Ramabana-Rasa.
Santalum A.
Saubhagya Vati.
Semecarpus A.
Shadanga Paniya.
Sida cordifolia.
Solanum N.
Spinacea O.
Suchikavaran Rasa.
Svalpa Kasturi Bhairava.
Swachhchhanda Bhairava
Rasa.
SwalparKastttri Bhairava
Rasa.
Symplocos R.
Terminalia Cheb.
Udaka lVlanjari Rasa, for bilious remittent fever.
Urtica mrens. (P.H.T.).
Vernonia C. etc.
(puerperal) :-(Sutika-.
jwara):Vitex N. etc.
(Haemoglobinuric) : Vitex P.
104. FlLARIASIS:- See:Elephantiasis.

Hubbai Sahfa.
Rosebay.
Symplocos R.
105. FISSURES:-See
"lVounds" etc.
Garcinia P
(Cracki5 of feet):Mangifera I.
106. FISTULA:(Bhagandara) : (anal):Calotropis G.
Ficus R.
Hibiscus' p.
Mimosa P.
] 06. (a) :~FITS:- See:- Epilepsy; Convulsions;
107. FLATULENCE:-(See
also:-"Dyspepsia" & "Indigestion") : Acorus calamus.
Ajamodadi ChU1'1ta.
Allium S.
Andropogon N.
Apium G.
Carum copticum, & carui.
Caryophy lius aromaticus.
Chaturushana Churnam.
Cinnamomum C. & I.
Curcuma L. & C. & Z.
Cuscuta R.
Elatteria cardamO'inum.
Embelia R.
Ferula A.
(with colic):Ficus Benja.
Foeniculqm V.
Gudashatakd..
Hinguvashtaka Churna.
Hyssopus O.
APPENDICES
Illicium V.
Jatropha Mon.
Melanleuca L.
Nardotachys J.
Panch a-kola Churnam.
Piper nigrum.
pongamia G.
pranada gudika.
ptychotis . A.
Saline substances.
Shaddharana Yoga.
Solanum I, & X.
Terminalia cbeb.
Trigonella F.
Trivrit ley ham.
Tumburadya Churna.
Zingiber O.
351
Peucedanum species.
Pimpinella A.
Piper species.
Plantago 1.
Plumbago species.
Raphanus S.
Semecarpus A.
113. GASTRODYNIA:
(ANNADRAVASULA):Raphanus S.
115. GENITO-URINARY
DISEASES:Acacia A.
Cucumis U.
Hemidesmus I.
Hibiscus Rosa S.
Hygrophila S.
108. FOREIGN-BODY:Ocimum species.
(In stomach, eyes, and
Papaver S.
ears):Phonix species.
Ricinus C.
Plantago 1.
(in eyes):(discharges) : Saccharum O.
109. FRACTURES:(Superficial excoriations of ge(Asthibhagna) :nital organs):Terminalia A. etc.
(diStressive irritation of geniVitis Q. etc.
tal organs):110. GALL-STONE:-Sodium salts and preparations.
Berberis Vulgaris (P.H.'1'.).
(vaginal discharges):(For Gall-stone colic):Sodium salts and preparations.
Hydr.:>stis canadensis (P.H.T.). Stannum preparations.
Pure Olive Oil (P.H.T.}.
Tribulus T.
Vitis V.
111. GASTRALGIA:116. GLANDULAR
D I ~Bhaskara Lavanam.
EASES
AND
INFLAMBismuth (P.H.T.).
MATION:-( GrandhiPterocarpus species.
rogam).
112. GASTRITIS:Balsamodendron Mukul.
(Gulman):Cupri sulphas.
Moringa P.
(chronic) : Papaver S.
Bhaskara Lavanam.
Pinus deodara.
Michelia C.
358--"
THE INDIAN MATERIA", MEDICA
Silicium salts.
(lymphatic and secreting): 'Potassium salts.
I
Sodium salts, and preparations.
Sphacranthus H . '
Strychnos N.
Vitex N. etc.
Withania S. etc.
(suppurating) : - .
117
.
. GLEET: (S ee a Iso: - ystitis"; "Gonorrhoea" .& '
"D' . ti' ,,).
III e cs
.Aegle marmelos.
Asparagus A.
Balsamodendron Mukul & O.
Callarium C.
Cimicifuga racemosa (f. H .T .)
Cubeba O.
Cynodon D.
Dipterocarpus T.
Garcinia M.
Geranium W.
Myrica N.
Pinus species.
Piper nigrum.
Quercus 1.
Rhus S.
Santalum A.
Sida R.
Swarna, V((.ngam,
Tribulus T.
Vasantakusmnakara Rasa.
Xanthium S. etc.
Yogaraja guggula.
Laminaria S.
Sphaeranthus H.
120.
GONORRHO~:' (Sukra; ':
Pooyamcham;.' P~yame~:
ha): (Oupsargik-meha):" .
(See also:-"Gleet"):Abelmoschus E . "
".
Abhra Bhasma, with honey,;
powdered peepul &_tunneric. ".
Abutilon
Acacia A I.C F & S.
.,.,.
Alumen.
Aegle M.
Aloe Barbadensis.
Bombusa Arundinacea, ,
Calotropis gigantea;
Cannabis indica, (P.H.T.)
Cannabis Sativa (P.R.T.)
Cocculus c. & V.
Myrica N.
Prameha Mihira, Taila.
Agave A.
Althaea O.
Amaranthlis Poly.
Amrita guggula.
_4nanda Bhairava Rasa.
Averrhoea A.
Balsamodendron lVI. & O.
Basella A.
Bauhinia V.
Boerhavia D.
Bombax M.
Borassus F.
Boswellia G.
Brihat Bangeshw ..lr~ Rasa.
Caloti"opis G.
'
118. GLOTTIS, SPASM OF:- Canarium C.
.
Cannabis sativa.
Corallium rubrum.
Cephalandra 1.
Cuprum, (P.H.T.)
Chandraprabha gutika.
Moschus.
Cinnamomum camphora, &
119. GOITRE: (Galaganda):. ;;
C. tamala.
Egg shells (P.H.T.)
Citrullus V.
Gracilaria L.
Corchorus C.
"e .
APPENDICF.S
Cubeba O.
Cuctlrbita M.
Curculigo O.
Curcuma Ang. & Z.
Datura A.
Devdari kvatha.
Dillenia I.
Diospyros E.
Dipterocarpus T.
Emblica 0,
Enhydra F.
Eriodendron A.
Euphorbia T.
Ficus .B.
Galega P.
Garcinia M.
Geranium W.
Giloe-ka-sat (starch from
Til1ospora C.)
Gloriosa S.
Gmelina A. & Asi.
Gokshuradi gUflgula.
Grewia V.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hibiscus A. R. & S.
Holostemma R.
Hydnocarpus I.
Hydrocotyle A.
Ipomoea P.
Ixora C.
Juniperus C.
Justicia adhatoda.
Kaisara guggula.
Kanchanara guggula.
Lawsonia A.
Linum U.
Liquidambar 0.
Malva S.
Melia azadira.chta.
Memecylon E.
lVIichelia C.
Mimusops elengi.
Mimosa Am.
Molluga Cervilma.
lVIoschus moschiferus.
Mus:! S.
...
Ocimum gratissimum.
Pachanabheda Churna.
Pedalium murex.
Phyllanthus Emblica.
Piper cubeba, & lon~.
Pistacia species.
Plantago ispagula.
Plumbum .calcined.
Pongamia G.
Premna integrifolia
Prunus amygdalus.
Pyrus species.
Quercus I.
Raphamls S.
Sadanga guggula.
Salvarsan.
Santalum A.
Sesamum I.
Shankha BhaSin-a.
Shorea R.
Sida A.C. & R.
Silicium salts.
Solanum nigrum.
Sponruas M. etc.
Strychnos P.
Suvarna Vasanta Malti.
Swarna Bango" with the JUIce
of raw turmeric or juice of
leaves of yagna-dtlmbur.
Terminalia A. etc.
Triphala guggula.
Vatari Rasa.
_
,-~,
"
_,
121. GOUT: (Vatarakta;

Aamavatham) .
Aconitum.
Allium S ..
(chronic) : Aristolochia indica.
Asparagus O.
Brassica N.
360
Capparis .A& T.
Cassia, F.p
CelastrUs C. & B.
CitruS .Au.
,
cocculus C.
Colchicum L.
Datura A.
Devadari kvath from Cedrus
deodara.
Digitalis, (P.H.T.)
Dodonaea V.
Euphorbia A.
Ficus C.
Flacourtia S.
Gossypium 1.
Hermodactylus G.
Hyoscyamus N.
Ipomoea P. & T.
Litsaea S.
Lycopersicum F.
Michelia C.
Morinda C.
Moringa P.
Mullugo C.
(for uric acid diathesis):Paederia F.
Physallis species.
Pinus species.
Plantago I. & O.
Potassium salts.
Psidium G.
Pyrethrum I.
Pyrus species.
Rhododendron (P.R.T.)
Ricinus C.
Rosebay.
Sapindas C.
Sarveshvar Rasa.
Semecarpus A.
Smilax C. etc.
,
Solanum N. & T.
Strychnos N.
Tribulus T.
Tylophora A.
Utrica urens, (P.R.T.)

Vitis V.
Zingiber O.
122. GRAVEL:-(Sharkara;
Calculirenal) : Cedrus deodara.
Gossypium I.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hygrophila S.
MimosaP.
Saxifraga L.
(uric acid):.
Sodium salts and preparahons.
123. GUMS: Diseases of:-See
also "Antiseptics", &
"Astringents":-(Dantav~htharoga ):Acacia C. & S.
(bleeding) : Areca C.
Gossypium 1.
Kathlon.
Rhus S.
Symplocos R.
(spongy):Balsamodendron My.
Cajanus 1.
Eugenia J.
Kathbol.
Morinda C.
RumexC.
Symplocos R.
(spongy and bleeding);Eucalyptus G.
Phyl1anthus species,......
Svalpakhadiravatika~
(boils) : Heliotropium 1. & S.

Jatropha C.
(bleeding teeth):,_.
Barleria P.
(swelling) : Psidium G.
(irritation) : -
APPENDICES
Vasakushmanda kanda.
Vasava Leha.
Vitex N. etc.
IIydr~stis can~densis (P.R.T.)
127. HAEMORRHAGE:124. HAEMATEMESIS:
(Raktapitta; Raktasravam)
(Aamasayakshata; Raktapittam).
Abies webbiana.
Acacia A. & C.
Aconitum (P.H.T.)
Adhatoda Vasika.
Coccus lacca.
Amalakadya Lauha.
Dalbergia Sis.
Arum C.
Hamamelis (P.R.T.)
Ipecac (P.R.T.)
Bambusa
arundanacea.
Mangifera I.
Bombax malabaricum.
125. EUlE~11JRIA:
Cinchona (P.H.T.)
(Shonitameha; RaktaCoccus lacca.
pittam):Cucurbita M.
Abutilon I.
Emblica O.
Bauhinia V.
Erigeron C.
Cantharis (P.R.T.)
Ferri Sulphas.
Hamamelis (P.R.T.)
Friar's Balsam.
Saccharum O.
Geranium W.
Sida C.
Hamamelis, (P.R.T.)
126. HAEMOPTYSIS:Holarrhena antidysenterica
(Oorakshata; OordbwaIpecac, (P.R.T.)
gata; Raktapitta; Urak- Ipomoea turpethum.
satam).
Jatropha C.
Abies W.
Kandakadya Lauha.
Mangifera I.
Acacia catechu.
Acalypha indica (P.H.T.)
Nymphoea species.
Adhatoda V.
Pavonia O.
Bambusa A.
(Postpartum) : Banga Bhasma with turmeric. Plumbag6 species.
Benincasa C.
Viburnam F.
Carica papaya.
(rectal) : Cucurbita M.
Plumbum and its salt"
Cynodon dactylon in Haematu- (internal) : Potassium salts.
resis (P.RT.)
Quercus I.
Dalbergia Sis.
Erigeron C.
Santalum album.
Saraca indica.
Ficus G.
Silicium salts.
Hamamelis (P.ll.T.)
Khanda kooshma,nda.
Utphaladi. Sritam.
Musa paradisiaca.
W oodfordia F.
Talisadya Chttrna.
Punica granatum.
Spilanthus O.
(Scurvy):-
TflE INDIAN' lVIATERIA MEDICA
(ut erme
an d . pulmonary): Rosa species.
..
(urethral) : Santal um A.
SaraC8 1;.. '
sit,dhanidhi Rasa.
symplocos racemosa .
.Terminalia A. etc ..
Triphala.
Urtica D.
Viscum A. etc.'
(intestinal) : (Raktapitta -adhogat. )
Vitex N.
"Vitis Vinifera.
, Hyocyamus niger.
.
128. HAEl\,[ORRHOIDS:
(Arsas) See "Piles":128(a). HARD-BREATHING:
Cleradendron siphoenanthus; Hyoscyamus niger.
(See also:-"Antispasmodies"; "Asthma" & "Expectorants") .
129. HEADACHE:
(Shirashool) :Acalypha indica.
Agati G.
Allium S.
Aquilaria agallocha.
Barringtonia A.
Basella A.
Caryophyllus aromaticu:,.
Cedrus deodara.
Centipeda O.
Cinnamomum C. & T.
Coleus A.
Crocus S.
Cubeba O.
Embelia R.
(rheumatic) : Ficus Benja.
Gossypium 1.
Rerpestis M.
Ipomoea R.
Ixo1'3 C. _
JaSIPinum G.
Lavendula S.
Lu:t!a Am.
(nervous) : Melia Azedavach.
Myrica sapida.
Peterospermum species.
(congestive) : Mentha P.
Momordica D.
Moringa P.
Myrica N.
Myris'tica lVI.
N ardostachys J.
(bilious) : \
Oxalis C.
Pandanus 0.'
Phoenix species.
Pimpinella A.
Piper betle, & P. nigrum.
Potassium .salts.
Pterocarpus. species.,
Pyrus species.
Randia D.
(obstinate):Saccharum O.
Santalum A.
Shadabindu Taila.
, "".
Sinapis J.
(neuralgic) : Sodium salts and preparations;,
Spilanthus O.
"
Strychnos N.
Terminalia Cat. etc.
. Trichosanthes species.
Vitex N. etc.
Zingiber O.
130. HEART-DISEASE: .Pericarditis~ Aginapecto!,is: (Hridtoga; Hrad~
graha). .
Aegle Marmelos.
Allium S .
:
~
._"
APPENDICES
Arjunabh-ra.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Cassia fistnla.
Cedrus deodara.
(Heart-burn):- ..
Citrus B.
GlycyTrhiza glabra.
DavCL-ul-niulk.
Hridaya-rnava Rasa.
Majoonai Kuvath-iabcin..
(palpitation) : Mentha P.
Moschus moschif~l"us.
Mukta Bhasma: ~ .
N ardostachys J.
Vi~cum A. etc.
(irritable heart and angina): ~
Papaver S.
(aneurism of aorta and hypertrophy) : Piper longum.
Sida cordifolia.
Solanum N.
Swarna Bhasma.
Terminalia A. etc.
Vasakushmanda hmci(I..
Vitis V. .
Zingiber officinale"
(for faulty and dyspeptic
hearts) : Adonis aestivalis' (P.H.T.)
Lime-juice, for hysterical palpitation of heart and heartburn (P.H.T.)
131. HEMICRANIA:
(Axdhavabhedakam;
Arthasisa):.
Barringtonia R.
Carvota U
Cen"tipMa O.
-CHtoria. T.
Embelia R.
Ferula A.
Hedysarum A.
Lufl'a Am.
Sapindas T.
Vida.~ga
Ta1:ta.
132. HEMIPLEGIA:
(Ekangavatham; Pakshaghat-Pakshvadha):-
Ajmodadi Churna
Asparagus R.
Atalantia M.
Ichnocarpus F.
Illicium V.
Mashabaladi.
Mashabaladi Kvatha.
Narayana Taila.
Orchis M.
Svalparasuna Pinda.
, Vataraktantaka Rasa:
133. HEPATITlfl; (Yakratdalyudar: Yakrithrogam):See also: Enlargement of
the liver:and Hepatic de1angements:-
Aloe litoralis.
Berberis asiatica.
Croton Oblongifolius.
Hirudo medicinalis.
Picrorhiza Kun-ooa.
Viscum A. etc.
134. HERNIA: (Antravriddhi):Alpinia officinarum.
Oleum ricini.
135. HERPES: (Kaksha):Ammonia B.
Argemone -M.
Butea F.
Cassia alata.
Chaulmugra Ointment.
Cucumis T.
364
139. HOOK WORM:- (See_

also:-A11thelmintics) .
I
. Carum copticum.
Gynocardia O.
J asminum Ang.
Jatropha C.
(Herpes Zoster):Pterocarpus species.
(tetter):_,..
,
Triticum S.
136. mCCOUGH or
_ I
.~,. I
I
mccup:
(Hikka; Oochaku):See:-Dyspnoea.
Ananas S.
Cassia S.
Cuminum cyminum.
Feronia- elephantum.
HyoscyfUllus N
Lepidium Sativum.
Mentha P.
Menthus A.
Piper longum; & P. nigrum,
& P. chaba.
Santalum album.
Stereospermum Suaveolens.
Tincture of acetic acid
(P.R.T.); Vinegar (P.R.T.)
137. HIGH-BLOOD
SURE:-
140. HYDROCELE:
rl'ddhi) :~
PRES-
Ranwolfia Serpentina (P.R.T.).

138. HOARSENESS: (Svarabhanga; Svarabheda):See also:-"Aphonia".
Abies webbiana.
Abrus P.
Alpinia G.
Alumen.
Draksharishta.
Flacourtia C.
Glycyrrhiza G.
Herpestis Monniera.
Piper longum, & P. chaba.
Saccharum officinarum,
I
Terminalia B.
(Andav-
(See
~o:-Antiphlogistics):Alpinia officiparum.
Altingia E.
Datura fastuosa.
(Chronic affections):Oleum Ricini.
Rosebay.
Sesbania species.
(painful and swollen):Solanum N.
141. HYDROCEPHALUS:
(Chronic):Squalus C. preparations.
142. HYDROPHOBIA:(Alarkavisham;
Jalatrasa):Boerhavia diffusa.
Cerebera O.
Calcium oxide or Calx (P.R.T.)
Datura A. & fastuosa., & D.
Stramonium, (P.R.T.).
Euphorbia N.
Indigofera tinctoria (P.R.T.).
Ophiorrhiza M.
Stryc:!hnos N.
143. HYDROTHORAX:Sonchus species.
.,(
144. HYPERCHLOR'HYDRIA: (Amla~i~):Anacardium occidentale

(P.R.T.)
Capsicum, (P.R.,!,.).
145. HYPOCHONDRIASIS:Aegle marmelos.
Ferula A.
APPENDICES
Hydrocotyle A.
Hyos~yamus N.
(P.H.T.).
146. HYSTERIA:-(Apasmara;
Aptantrak):- (See:Epilepsy; Uterine disorders):Achyranthes aspera.
Acorus C.
Adamas.
Adhatoda V.
Allium C. & S.
Anona S. Aplotaxis auriculata.
Brahmighrita.
Brassica A.
Camphora O.
Carum copticum.
Castoreum, (PB.T.).
Citrus Au.
Curcuma L.
Echinops E.
Elaedendron G.
Feruia A. & G.
Gorochanam.
Grangea M.
.
Hermodactylus G.
Herpestis M.
Hibiscus A.
Hyoscyamus N.
. Hyssopus O.
Moringa P.
Moschus moschiferus. (P.R.T.)
N ardostachys J.
Ptychotis A
Quassia E.
Ruta G.
Sapindus T.
- Siddhartha Ghrita.
Valeriana species.
(locally) : Vasa Chandanadi Taila.
Vis cum A. etc.
Viverra C.
365

147. IMPETlGO:Cocculus V.
Karaviradya Taila.
148. IMPOTENCE:- (Dhwajabhagam)
Abhraka Bhasma & Kalka.
Adamas.
Akaradi Churna.
Akarakarabhadi Churna.
Albizzid lebbek.,
Amaranthus Poly.
A mritashtakapachana.
Asparagus A.
Banga Bhasma.
Bassia La.
Biborate of Sodium.
Bombax malabaricum.
Chandrodaya Makaradhvaja.
Crocus S.
Cycas C.
Datura fastuosa.
Dava-ul-mulk.
Dendrobium M.
Dryobalanops aromatica.
Echinops E.
Eriodendron A.
Erythrina indica.
Helianthus T.
Hermodactylus G
Hibiscus Rosa S. &. E.,
Hygrophila spinosa.
Ipomoea digitata.
J avarish-i-Iulu.
Java rusa ucla.
Lepidium S.
Lycopodium clavatum (P.H.T.)
Mahalakshmibilas Rasa.
Majoonai-Kuvathiabah.
Makaradhvaja.
Mashadi-Modaka.
Methi-ladu.
Mucuna P.
Myristica F.
TJlE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
Drakshasava.
Narasimha Churna.
N ardostachys J.
Orchis M.
Ostrea E. & its preparations.
Pedalium M . .
Gentiana K.
Hyoscyamus niger.
J awarish-ai-kammon.
(want of acidity):-
Phalaghrita.
lawarish-ai-Thrash.
Phaseolus species.
Pinus species.
Pistacia species.
Plumhum.
Madanadi Va1nana.
Myristica M.
(for causing emesis):(digestive disorders) :-.

Plumbago species.
Potassii carbonas.
Ptychotis A
Punica granatum.
Saline substances.
8emecarpus anacardium.
Terminalia chebula.
Ratnagiri Rasa.
Sarva1tgsuMari Rasa.
Sesarrium indicum.
Shalavari Gh'rita.
Smilax C. etc.
Spmacoce hispida.
Sphaeranthus H. etc.
Strychnos N.
Vaishnavanar Churnam.
Suverna-Vasanta Malti.
Svarna Bhanga (Bisulphurette
of tin).
Tra;ilokya Chintamani Rasa.
Tribulus T.
Trigonella F.
Uraria lagopoides.
Vitis Q. etc.
Zingiber O.
150. INFLAMMATION:
(8ee:- "Antiphlogistici>";
Anodynes;
tics"):-
&
"Antisep~
Aconitum F.
(Breasts) : Aloe L.
Ammonii carbonas.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Withania S.
Cinnamomum Camphora & Z.
Datura A. & F.
149. INDIGESTION:
Ghee.
'
(Apachana; Ajeerna). See: Gynandropsis p.
"Carminatives; Digestives" Hugonia M.
& also "Dyspepsia" & Hygrophila spinosa.
"Flatulence":Linum U.
-<
Melia Azadirachta.
Agniku1nara Rasa.
Papaver somniferum.
Allae pa1,fk.
Pavonia O.
Aloe litoralis.
Amrita Vati.
Polyporus O.
Aplotaxis aurict.liata.
Pterocarpus species;
Bhaskara Lavanam.
(gastro-intestinal) : Chatuhsama Vati.
Allium sativum.
Coriandrum sativum.
Andropogon muricatus. .
Dhana-ni-dala.
t
Vakeria ladu.
Vanari vatika.
Varunadya ghrita.
Vasantakusumakara Rasa.
Vrihat Asvagandha Ghrita.
"
.,....
'
APPENDICES
Borax.
Ipomoea turpethum.
Oleum ricini. . .'
PhaSeolus species.
(of mucous membranes):Acorus calamus.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
pyrus species.
Rubia C.
(rheumatic) :Sesbania species.
Soymida F.
Svalpa Masha Taila ..
Tamarindus 1. '
Trigonella F.
Vitis vinifera.
Withania S. etc. .
(erysipelatic) : Triticum S.
Vateria I. etc.
Sugar.
153. INSANITY: (Urunada):-See:-"Epilepsy";
"Uterine disorders" & "Vata'"
diseases) :Acorus C.
Aegle marIlf~los.
Benincasa C.
Canscora D.
Croton T.
Datura A. & F.
Herpestis M.
Hydro~otyle A.
(dementia) :Hyoscyamus N ..
Jasminum S.
Kushmanda Ghrlta.
Lactuca S.
Ranwolfia serpentina.
Swarna Bhasma.
..
~UENZA:
(Dushtapratishyaya) (Prathisyayi- 154. INSOMNIA (Aswapna-Nidranash):ka-jwaram):- See!(See:-"Hypnotics") :"Cough", "Fever" &
. pneumonia):;_
Allium cepa. (P.R.T.).
Avena sativa. (P.R.T.).
Brihat Sudarshana Churna.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Camphora officinarum,
151.
(P.R.T.).
Cinnamomum C. & Z.
Citrus B.
Eucalyptus globulus. (P.R.T.).
Glycyrrhiza G.
Hyssopus O.
Piper nigr~m.
.
Solanum Xanthflcarpum.
(P.R.T.).
Cannabis I & S.
Cimicifuga racemosa. (P.R.T.)~
Hot milk. (P.R.T.).
Hyoscyamus N .
Lactuca S.
Lagenaria V.
Myristica F.
Papaver S.
Piper longum.
152.IN.JURIES:-- (See:--=-:'An- Rasa-Raj-Rasa.
J.tiphlogistics" and - ("Anti- Sinapis
(from' over fatigue):septics")
.~
Strychnos N.
.
Valeriana indica. (P.R.T.).:
Ammonii carbonas.
Vitis vinifera.
Withania somnier_a.
155. INTESTINAL
DISEASES:-Soo:- "Bowel complaints"
156. INTOXICATION:
(See:-Diuretics; Emetics
& Purgatives)
Boerhavia diffusa.
157.ITCHES:- (Vicharchika)
(500:-" Antiseptics"):Adhatoda Vasika.
Adityapaka Taila.
Allium sativum.
Atalantia M.
Bassia Lon.
Carthamus T.
Cassia O.
(Dhobi):Cassia S.
Cephalandra I.
Cocculus S.
Curcuma L.
Emblica O.
Euphorbia N. & Tir.
Galega P.
Hemidesmus indicus.
Hibiscus A.
Jatropha C.
Liquidamber O.
Momordica C.
Oleum Ricini.
Os Sepie & its preparations.
Plumbum and Its salts.
Rhinacanthus C.
Santalum A.
Sulphur.
158. JAUNDICE: (Kamila;/
Kumbha-Kamla):- .
(See aIso:-"Liver deetions"):Aconite. (P.H.T.).
j
...
'~
Aegle M.
Allium C.
Aloe barbadensis.
Banga Bhasma. (Stannum).
Boerhavia D. & R.
Calotropis G.
. Carthamus T.
Citrullus C.
Cocculus C.
Cowrie Bhasma.
Curcuma L.
Cyperus Rotundus.
Daucus C.
Dhatri Arista.
Dhatri Leha or La'Uha.
Digitalis. (P.R.T.).
Eclipta E
Emblica O.
Ferri Sulphas.
Flacourtia R.
Fumaria O.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Gudashtaka.
Holarrhena A.
Hydrocotyle A.
Hygrophila S.
Ipomoea turpethum.
Jatropha Mon.
K rimidh'Ulijalaprabha Rasa.
Lawsonia A.
Luffa E.
Melia Azadi.
Mimosa pudica.
Momordica C.
N ardostachys J.
Patoladya Ch'Urp,am.
,P!,!ganum H.
Picrorrhiza Kurr(;oa.
Pittantaka Rasa.Podophyllum emodi (P.R.T.).
Punarnava Leha. ~
Punarnavasthaka.
Punarnava Taila.
Rheum E.
Rubia C.
Shankha Bhasma.
APPENDICES
Sphaerallthus H. etc.
Styrax B.
TaraxacUm O 'etc.
Urine (cow's) and
preparations.
Urine (Ox's).
Visamajva:ra:ntaka Lauha.
Vitis V.
YaJcridari Lauha.
369
163. LARYNGITIS: See Cold;

Hoarseness.
Cubeba O.
Genuine Amber beads.
(P.H.T.).
Styrax B.
164. LEPROSY:- (Mahakusta;

Kushtani; Kustaroga)
Abrus precatorius. (P.H.T.).
Acacia Catechu.
Aconitum erox.
15D. KALA-AZAR:Alangium D. & L.
Vitex P.
Alstonia S.
Anacardium orientale 6th,
160. KAPHA DISEASES:(P.H.T.).
(See also "Expectorants" Argemone M.
& "Tonics").
Arsenicum
Adhatoda vasika.
Banga Bhasma.
Bauhinia V.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Mel depuratum.
Caesalpinia B.
Piper longum.
Cassia tora.
161. KIDNEY DISEASES:Cedrus deodara.
(Vrikkaroga).
Cupri sulphas.
Curcuma longa.
Hemidesmus I.
Diospyros E.
(polyuria):Dipterocarpus T.
Laboobai Saghur.
Embelia ribes.
Michelia C.
Ficus glomerata. (P.H.T.).
Ocimum species.
Fumaria O.
Petroselinum S.
Galithkasturi Rasa
Piper species.
Gadhakadi ChurM.
Xanthium S.
Gandhakadi
Taila.
(irritable or inflammatory):
Gandhaka Ghrita.
Oryza S.
Gandhaka Rasayana.
(painful) : Gloriosa S.
Portulaca species.
Gynocardia, O.
Prunus Amyg.
Hemidesmus indicus.
(renal colic):Hiraka Bhasma.
Viola species.
Hydnocarpus I. V. &
162. LABOUR PAINS:Wightiana.
Hydrocotyle A.
Actaea, (P.H.T.).
Indigofera A.
Cimicifuga, (P.H.T.).
24.
370
Somarogam; Swethapradaram):See: "Gonorrhoea".

Acacia A.
Amaranthus Poly.
Asphaltum (Shilajit).
Balsamodendron O.
Berberis A.
Bombax malabricum.
Borax 2 x. (P.R.T.)
Cimicifuga (P.R.T.)
Cocculus C.
Cubeba O.
Curcuma Z.
Daedalacanthus R.
Dipterocarpus D.
Emblica O.
Ferrum (Lauha Bhasma).
Ficus R.
Flemingia T.
Garcinia M.
Geranium W.
Glycyrrhiza G.
Gracilaria L.
Hemidesmus I.
Hygrophila S ..
Ixora C.
J avaru-sa-uda.
Juniperus C.
Lawsonia A.
Lepidium S.
Liquidambar O.
Mangifera I.
Mashadi Modaka.
Melia Azadi.
IVlemocylon E.
165. LEUCODERMA:Mesua
ferrea. ""'
Abrus precatorius.
Mucuna P.
Aristolochia I.
Musalyadi Churnu.
Panchanimb'a Gutika. '
Myrtus C.
Psoralea C.
Pachanabheda Churna_
Realgar.
Phaseolus ~pecies.
Vernonia A.
166. LEUCORRHOEA:Pinus species.
(Pradaravata; Pradarswet; Piper cubeba .
Ipomoea T.
Lawsonia A.
Luffa A.
Magnesi1~m gynocardate.
Melia azadirachta.
Melia Azedarach.
Mimosa Am. & P.
Momordica C.
Myristica fragrans.
Nardostachys J.
Nelumbium S.
Nerium O.
Panchanimba Gutika.
Pancha Valkaladi Tailum.
Peterospermum species.
Pinus deodara.
Piper C. & L.
Plumbago speci~s.
Pongamia G.
Psoralia C.
Rubia cordifolia.
Semecarpus A.
Smilax China.
Sulphur.
Symplocos Racemosa.
(locally) : Tamra Bhasma.
Urginea I. etc.
Urine (cow's) and preparations.
Vernonia C. etc.
Vitex N. & T.
Zingiber Z.
---'-
...'---
--
.-
APPENDICES
Croton O.
Eclipta erecta.
Euphorbia N.
Ficus A.
Ficus carica (P.R.T.)
Gentiana K.
Gymnema S.
Hydrargyrum.
Hygrophila spinosa.
.j
Ipomoea D.
Jatropha G.
Lawsonia A.
Luffa E.
Melia Azadirachta.
Moringa P.
pstrea E. and preparationS'.
Panchalavanam.
Picrorrhiza Kurrooa.
Pinus species.
Prunus Amyg.
Pyrethrum I.
Rasakarpura.
Saline substances.
1~7. LITHIASIS:Sankadravalwm.
Kalanchoe L.
Solanum I. & N.
Salvadora species.
Zea M.
Swertia C. etc.
Terminalia cheb.
168. LIVER AFFECTIONS:
(Yakridroga):Trigonella F.
( See:-Carminatives;
Digestives and Purgatives; (torpor) : Ascites and Dyspepsia).
Cichorium I.
Cocculus C.
(infantile) : Cosmo stigma R.
Andrographis paniculata
Cyperus P.
(P.R.T.)
Euonymus.
(congestion) : Ferula A.
.4ghora Narasimha Rasa.
Hermodactylus G.
Ammonii carbon as.
Lycopersicum K
Amomum S.
Pistacia species.
Casearia E.
Sodium salts and preparations. Podophyllum E.
Prunus Amyg.
Citrullus C.
(enlargement) : Cowrie Bhasma.
Cuscuta R.
Eclipta E.
Canavalia E.
Pistacia species.
Pradararipoo. Rasa.
Quercus I.
Rhus S.
Santalum album.
Saraca indica.
Sida C.
Someshwara Rasa.
Spondias M. etc.
Swa;ma-banga (Bisulphurette
of tin).
Symplocos racemosa.
Tamarix G. etc.
Terminalia cheb.
Trapa B. etc.
Trigonella F.
Valkala Kashaya.
Vanari Vatika.
W oodfordia E.
Xanthuim S. e1c.
371
372
Datura A.
Euphorbia R.
Narayana Taila.
Peganum H.
Ricinus Communis.
Shore a R.
Trayodasanga guggula.
Triticum S.
Withania S.
Ficus Benj a.
(obstructions) : Ficus H.
Fumaria O.
Garcinia P.
Gentiana K.
(induration) : Hyssopus O.
Lactuca S.
Lokanatha Rasa.
Momordica C.
Myristica F.
Nelumbium species.
Ocimum species.
(bilious obstruction):Paeonia E.
Phaseolus species.
Portulaca species.
Rumex C.
Sodii B.
Symplocos R. etc.
(visceral) : Taraxacum O.
Viola species.
Vitex N. etc.
W oodfordia F.
169. LOCIllA:-(Suppression
after child birth):Cinnamomum tamala.
170. LOCK-JAW:See: "Tetanus".
171. LOCOMOTOR ATAXIA:
Digitalis (P.H.T.)
Zinc Phos. 12 (P.H.T.)
Zinc Sulphate (P.H.T.)
172. LUMBAGO: (Kateegraha;
Katgraha; Trikagraha):Areca C.
Balsamodendron M.
Cary~hyllus ro:omaticus.
Cervus dama.
Citrus B.C. & L.
...
'~
172(a). LUNACY:See:-Insanity.
/
173. LUNG COMPLAINTS:(S~e also:-"Asthma;"
"Consumption" and
"Expectorants") : (pectorals) : Abies Webbiana.
Adhatoda vasica.
Juniperus C ..
Liquidambar O.
Myrica N.
Papaver somniferum.
Portulaca species.
Rourea S.
Ruta G.
(inflammation) : Spinacea O.
"174. MAGGOTS:See:-"Ozaena','.
175. MALARIA: (Vishamajvara):(chronic) : Aghore Nr_isingh~.Rasa.
Amritashtakapachana.
Ananda Bhairavi:
Andropogon C.
Bindaal.
Chanadya Lauha.
Cocculus C.
Eurycoma L.
Sida A.
Shadanga Paniya.
--
APPENDICES
Strychnos C. etc.
Swertia C. etc.
(with enlarged spleen) : Dhatrimodaka.
Gentiana K.
Helianthus A.
Jwaramurari Pills.
Majoonai Saul.
Panchathiktaka panakam.
Panchathiktaka powder.
Toddalia A.
Vernonia C~ etc.
Vitex P.
'
Xanthium S. etc.
176. MAMMARY DISEASES:
(Sore breasts):-
373
179. MELANCHOLIA:Crocus S.
Ipomoea T.
(mental troubles):Trichosanthes species.
180. MENINGITIS:(Spinal) : Croton T.

Zincum metallicum (P.H.T.)
181. MENORRHAGIA:-
(Asrigdaram;
dara):-
Raktapra-
Amaranthus Poly.
Peteroselinum S.
Bauhinia V.
(deficient secretion.3 and sore Berberis asiatica.
nipples) :-Ricinus C.
Bombax malabaricum.
(Sore Iiipples):Cannabis S.
Sodium salts and preparations. Dalbergia Sis.
(breast inflammation):Eriodendron A.
Aloe L.
Ficus G.
Datura A.
Hibiscus Rosa S.
Polyporous O.
Holarrhena A.
J atiphaladi Churnam.
177. MANIA: (Unmada):Lawsonia
A.
See:-Insanity.
Mangifera I.
Acalypha I.
Memecylon E.
(acute) : Mucuna P.
Cannabis S.
Musa S.
Datura A. & F.
Myristica F.
Helleborus N.
Nelumbium S.
Hyoscyamus N.
(puerperal) : Pmdarari Lauha.
Michelia C.
Saraca indica.
Sesbania species.
178. MARASMUS:Symplocos racemosa.
Trapa
B. etc.
Indigofera E.
Triticum S.
Plumbum in the 3rd trit ..
Vanari Vatika.
(P.H.T.)
Viscum A. etc.
178(a). MEGRIM:W oodfordia floribunda.
See:-Migraine.
Xanthium S. etc.
274
182. MENS'l'RUAL DISORDERS:See:-"Uterine Diseases".

183. MERCURIAL
SALIVA-
TION:-
Acacia Catechu.
184. MIGRAINE:See:-Megrim (VathasirasooIam).
Caffein (P.H.T.)
185. MUMPS:-(Pashanagardhaba):Aconite (P.H.T.)
Conium maculatum (P.H.'l'.)
Datura A.
Kaempforia R.
186. MYOSIS:Ocimum species.

187. MYXOEDEMA:Arsenic.
Iron salts.
Strychnine.
188. NAUSEA:(See:-"Anorexia";
Hrittasam; Hrullas).
Cinnamomum C. &
Zeylanicum.
IVfichelia C.
189. NEPHRITIS:
(Vriklrasopha; Vrikka-shoath):Arsenite of copper (P.H.T.)
Cissampelos P.
Cycas C.
Physalis species.
Acorus calamus.
BaLa Taira.
Balsamodendron Muku!.
Chaturmukha Rasa.
ChhagaLadya Ghritha.
Chintamani Chaturmukha.
Corallium rubrum.
Cuminum cyminum.
FemIa A.
Hydrargyrum.
MashabaLadi.
Masha Taira.
Nardostachys J.
Narayana Taira.
(irritability) : Nicotina T.
(weakness & exhaustion):Papaver S.
Phaseolus species.
Ricinus C.
Samiragaja Kesari.
Semecarpus ,fl..
Sida C.
Strychnos Nux-vomica.
Viverra C.
Withania S. etc.
(chronic) : Smilax C. etc.
(nervous fatigue):Sterculia A.
Sulphur preparations.
Vanda R.
Vishnu Taila. <r"
Vitis vinifera ~
y ogendra Rasa~
Zingiber officinale. -
190. NERVOUS DISEASES & 191. NEURALGIA: ,(S'hoola;

Sula; Sirosoolam).
DISORDERS:
l.Vatavyadhi):Aconitum F. & N.
Achyranthes aspera .
Acorus C.
....
'~
APPENDICES
Adhatoda Vasica.
Allium Cepa and Allium S.
Amomum S.
Andropogon M.
Arsenicum (P.R.T.)
Berberis A.
Brassica juncea.
Cannabis S.
Capsicum F. & M.
Cinnamomum C. & Z.
Citrus B.
Crocus S.
Danawantri Tailum.
Datura A: & F.
Ferro-ferric oxide.
Hyoscyamus N.
Ipomoea R.
Jatiphaladi Churnam.
Lavendula S. .
Melanleuca L.
Mentha P.
Moringa P.
Myristica F.
Narasimha Churna.
Papaver S.
Phaseolus species.
.premna integrifolia ..
Prunus Amyg.
Ptychotis A.
Quinetum.
Rosebay.
Sinapis J.
Strychnos N.
Tribhuvana Keerti Rasa.
Valeriana species.
Zingiber O.
192. NEURASTHENIA:
(Thathwonmadam) :Herpestis M.
(excessive venery):Strychnos N.
(cramps) : Zingiber O.
375
193. NEURITIS:(See:-"Nervous
Diseases").
Piper nigrum.
Prabhanjana Vimardana.
Semecarpus A.
194. NIGHT BLINDNESS:
( Sleshmawidagdhadristu;
Nakthandhyam) : Achyranthes aspera.
Chandraprabha varti.
Leganaria V.
Momordica C.
195. NIGHT SWEATS:See:-"Phthlsis" .
196. OBESITY: (Medavriddhi;
Medo Rogam; Athistawelyam):See:-"Corpulence".
197. OEDEMA: (Udardam):~t~e:-"Anasarca" .
198. OPACITY OF THE
CORNEA:Achyranthes aspera.
Butea frondosa.
Hedysarum A.
Phoenix' species.
Rauwolfia S.
199. OPHTHALMIA:
(Catarrhal and purulent):Adhatoda vasica.
Aloe B. & Aloe L.
Alumen.
Andropogon C.
Barringtonia R.
Berberis A.
Cassia Absus & Cassia Auri.
374
Acarus calamus.
182. lVtENS'l'RUAL DISAlpinia officinarum.
ORDERS:See:-"Uterine Diseases". Aplotaxis auriculata.
Rala'Taila.
183. MERCURIAL SALlVA- Balsamodendron Mukul.
TION:Calotropis gigantea.
Chaturmukha Rasa.
Acacia Catechu.
Chhagaladya Ghritha.
184. MIGRAINE:Chintamani Chaturmukha.
See:-Megl'im (Vathasira- Corallium ruhrum.
soolam).
Cuminum cyminum.
Caffein (P.H.T.)
Feruia A.
Hydrargyrum.
185. MUMPS:-(PashanagarHydrocotyle asiatica.
dhaba):Mashabaladi.
Aconite (P.H.T.)
Masha Taila.
Conium maculatum (P.H.'1'.) Moschus moschiferus.
Datura A.
Nardostachys J.
Kaempforia R.
Narayana Taila.
(irritability) : 186. MYOSIS:Nicotina T.
Ocimum species.
(weakness & exhaustion);Papaver
S.
187. MYXOEDEMA:Phaseolus species.
Arsenic.
Ricinus C.
Iron salts.
Samiragaja Kesari.
Strychnine.
Semecarpus A.
Sida C.
188. NAUSEA:Strychnos Nux-vomica.
(See:-"Anorexia";
Viverra
C.
Hrittasam; HruIlas).
Withania S. etc.
Cinnamomum C. &
(chronic) :~
Zeylanicum.
Smilax C. etc.
IV[ichelia C.
(nervous fatigue):Zingiher officinale.
Sterculia A. <
189. NEPHRITIS:
(Vrikka- Sulphur preparations.
Vanda R.
sopha; Vrikka-shoath):Vishnu Taila.
Arsenite of copper (P.R.T.)
Vitis
vinifera
Cissampelos P.
Y
ogendra
Rasa.
Cycas C.
Zingiber officin-ale.
Physalis species.
190. NERVOUS DISEASES & 191. NEURALGIA: .(Ehoola;

Sula; Sirosoolam).
DISORDERS:
(Vatavyadhi) : Aconitum F. & N.
Achyrant~s aspera.
Acorus C .
APPENDICES
Adhatoda Vasica.
Allium Cepa and Allium S.
Amomum S.
Andropogon M.
Arsenicum (P.R.T.)
Berberis A.
Brassica juncea.
Cannabis S.
Capsicum F. & M.
Cinnamomum C. & Z.
Citrus B.
Crocus S.
Danawantri Tailum.
Datura A. & F.
Ferro-ferric oxide.
Hyoscyamus N.
Ipomoea R.
Jatiphaladi Churnam.
Lavendula S ..
Melanleuca L.
Mentha P.
Moringa P.
Myristica F.
Narasimha Churna.
Papaver S.
Phaseolus species.
Prunus Amyg.
Ptychotis A.
Quinetum.
Rosebay.
Sinapis J.
Strychnos N.
Valeriana species.
Zingiber O.
192. NEURASTHENIA:
(Thathwonmadam) :Herpestis M.
(excessive venery):Strychnos N.
(cramps) : ~ingiber
9.
373
193. NEURITIS:(See:-"Nervous
Diseases").
Piper nigrum.
Prabhanjana Vimardana.
Semecarpus A.
194. NIGHT BLINDNESS:
(Sleslunawidagdhadristu;
Nakthandhyam):Achyranthes aspera.
Chandmprabha varti.
Leganaria V.
Momordica C.
195. NIGHT SWEATS:See:-"Phthisis".

196. OBESITY: (Medavriddhi;
Medo Rogam; Athistawelyam):See:-"Corpulence".
197. OEDEMA: (Udardam):Etze:-"Anasarca".
198. OPACITY OF THE
CORNEA:Achyranthes aspera.
Butea frondosa.
Hedysarum A.
Phoenix' species.
Rauwolfia S.
199. OPHTHALMIA:
(Catarrhal and purulent):Adhatoda vasica.
Aloe B. & Aloe L.
Alumen.
Andropogon C.
Barringtonia R.
Berberis A.
Cassia Absus & Cassia Auri.
376
Curcuma L.
Cynodon D.
Emblica O.
Euphorbia N. & R.
Heliotropium I.
Holestemma R.
Michelia C.
Mimosa P.
Nerium O.
Nymphoea species.
Papaver S.
Phaseolus species.
Phoenix species.
Rasanjana.
Rasaut.
Rasaventi.
Ricinus communis.
Sida C.
(purulent) : Sodium salts and preparations.
Symplocos racemosa.
Terminalia B.
202. OTALGIA:Atropha belladonna (P.H.T.)

Gynandropsis P.
Illicium V.
(Noise in ear with headache):
Mashabaladi Kvatha.
Moringa P.
Plantago tincture (P.H.T.)
203. OTORRHOEA:
(Karnasrava) : Allium S.
Alocasia I.
Apamarga Taila.
Arun C.
Cleome V.
Curcuma L.
Gulal.
Helicteres I.
Os Sepie and its preparations.
Vitis Q. etc.
204. OZAENA:
(Peenash):-
Centipeda O.
Eucalyptus G.
Hydrocotyle A.
Avena sativa (P.H.T.)
Ocimum species.
Gambogia (Garcinia hanburii) Saccharum officinarum.
(P.H.T.)
201. ORCIDTIS: (Vriddhi):- (locally) : Tamra Bhasma.
Altingia E.
Bassia La.
205. PALSY: (Oorustambha):
Caesilpinia B.
See also:-"Paralysis".
Canabis S.
Gossypitim I. & H.
Capparis A.
<
Hamamelis virginiana or
Euphorbia R.
verginica (P.H.T.)
Ferula A.
(facial) : Holostemma R.
Mashabaladi.
Liquidambar O.
(for causing emesis):Mashabatadi Kva~ha.
Myristica F.
Madanadhi Vamana.
Randia D.
Peganum H.
Vitex N. etf.
Semecarpus A.
t
Strychnos N.
Vitis V.
200. OPIUM & MORPIDNE
HABITS:-
""
377
APPENDICFS .
2()6. PANNUS CORNEA:See aIso:-"Eye Diseases" ..
(for sexual):Phosphorus (P.R.T.)
Abrus P.
208. PARAPLEGIA:
(Ardhitavayu; Urustham
bha):-
207. PARALYSIS: (Pakshavata; Sarvangavatham;

Atatvabhinivesh) :(General and facial):S~ for 'facial'.
Aconitum ferox.
Allium cepa, for left-sided
facial (Pc,R.T.)
Allium S.
BaJa Taila.
Causticum 30 (P.R.T.)
Celastrus P.
Ch'hagaladya Rasa.
Danavantri Thailam.
Ekangaveera Rasa.
Ferula G.
(Agitans): - (Vepathoo).
Hyoscyamus N.
Ipomoea T.
Mashabaladi Kvatha.
Masha Taila.
Moringa P.
Mucuna P.
Myristica F.
Orchis M.
Phaseolus species.
Piper species.
Rhus species (P.R.T.)
Rubia C.
Ruta G.
Sapindas T.
(of tongue):Spilanthus O.
Strychnos N.
(facial) : - (Ardit;
Ardditham).
Svalparasuna pinda.
Urgina I. etc.
Vanar.i Vati1ca.
Vataraktantaka Rasa.
Astakatvara Taila.
Cocculus (P.H.T.)
Ekangaveera Rasa.
Lathyrus (P.H.T.)
Phosphorus (P.H.T.)
Semecarpus A.
Svalparasuna Pinda
Yogaraja guggula.
209. P ARASITES:See also:-"Worms".
(~dkuli or lice):Cocculus S.
(maggots in nose):Crataeva N.
(noxious insects):Crinum D.
210. P AROTITIS:See:-"Mumps.
211. PARTURITION:
tivayu):-
(Prasu-
(delayed) :~
Moringa P.
(lying-in): ~
Ricinus C.
(difficult and delayed labour):
Sapindas T.
Saubhagya Sunti.
Sodii B.
212. PERIOSTlTIS:Indigofera P.
213. PERTUSSIS: (SushkaKasam).
Lactuca S.
214. PIllMOSIS:Cannabis sativa (P.R.T.)
378
Hydnocarpus I.
Ja,tiphaladya Chuma.
Kanaka-Asava.
Orchis M.
(Dyspnoea) : Brihat.kanchanabhra.
,Kanchanaabhra Rasa.
21~. PHOTOPHOBIA:Khanda Kooshmanda.
Cannabis S.
(tubercular) : .217. PHTHISIS: (Kshaya;
Knysolgan.
M ukta Bhasma. (Mytilus m~r
Rajayakshama; Shoashgari tiferus) .
rajyakshma) :Plumbum.
(See:-Consumptioll
Praval BhaS1na (Corallium
T!-lberculosis).
'
rubrum).
Abhra Bhasma.
Sanocrysin.
A<lli<ltoda Vasica.
Sarvanagasundara Rasa.
Allium sativum.
Shilajatu.
Asphaltum.
Mriganka Rasa.
Banga Bhasma.
Mukta Bhasma.
Beninkasa C.
Ostrea F. & its preparations.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Pottali Hemagarbha Rasa.
Bombax malabaricum.
Rajamriganka Rasa.
Borassus F.
Ratnagarbha Pottali Rasa.
Butea frondosa.
Ratnagiri Rasa.
Caesalpinia D.
Sringarabhra or Brihat
'Calcarea arsenica i,e. Arsenite
Sringarabhra.
of Lime (P.R.T.)
Strychnos N.
Cannabis sativa IX (P.R.T.)
Chatttrmukha Rasa.
Suryavartha
Rasa.
Chavanaprasa.
Suvarna
or
Swarna
Bhasma.
Cowri Bhasma. Tamra
Parpati.
(night sweating):Trailokya Chintamani Rasa.
Adansonia D.
(locally) : Cocculus S.
Vasachandanadi
Taila.
Cuprum sulphas.
Vasakushmanda
Kanda.
Datura fastuosa.
Vasava
Leha.
Zincum (reduced). <
Polyporus O.
Rosa species.
218. PILES: (Arsas; Ar~ha;
Saccharum. O.
Raktarsba; Sushkarsas):Emblica O.
(bleeding) (non-bleeding)
Flacourtia C.
See also:-"_Indigestion"
Gandhaka Gh1ita.
and "Liver diseases".
GancJ.l.1,aka Rasayana.
Gynocardia O.
J
Acacia catechu and Acacia S.
Hedyotis U.
Achyranthes A.
215. PHOSPHATURIA:
(I{sharoncha; Ksharmeha):Chandraprabha Gutika.
Tribulus T.
APPENDICES
Ipomoea turpethum.
Acorus C.
Aegle M.
Kumari Asava.
Aesculus hippocastanum.
Linum U.
Ag71I~1nukha Lauha.
Lippia N .
Aleurites M.
LufI'a A.
Allium C.
Mana Suranndya Lauha.
Aloe B.
Mangifera I.
Amaranthes Pani.
M:elia Azadi.
Amorphophallus C.
Mesua F.
Am1-ita BhaLLataki.
,Anacardium orientale (P.H.T.) Mimosa Am. & P.
Momordica C. & D.
Andropogon C. ,
Mucuna urens (p.H.T.)
Asari Lauha.
Myrica
N. & Sapida.
(bleeding) : '"-- (Raktarsha) .
Myristica F.
Averrhoea C.
Nelumbium S.
Bauhinia V.
Nymphoea species.
Beninkasa C.
Pittala Bhasma:
Berberis A.
Plantago
ispagula.
'Bertholletia E. (Brazil nuts):
Plantago Major (P.H.T.)
Bombax malabaricum. ,.
Plumbago Zeylanica.
'Cannabis sativa.
Pongamia
G.
'Carica P.
Pranada
guti1ca.
'Carum carui.
'Casearia E.
Saraca I.
Changeri Ghrita.
Sesamum I.
Shore a R.
Cyodon D.
Sida
C.
Dalbergia Sis.
Sphaeranthus H.
Dasamulakada.
Tamarindus I.
Datura A. & fastuosa.
Terminalia Cheb.
TIillinea I.
(painful) : Dioscorea B.
Papaver
S.
'Eclipta E.
Pavetta
I.
'Embelia R.
Petroselinum (P.H.T.)
'Eriodendron A.
Phaseolus species.
Euphorbia N.
Phoenix species.
Ficus C.
Piper species.
<Galega P.
Pippali Arista.
Ga.ndhakadi Chw'7la.
Plantago I.
'Gloriosa S.
Plumbago
species.
Gossypium I.
Plumbum
and
its salts.
Hedysarum A.
Potassium salts;
Hibiscus P.
Pran.ada gutika.
H91arrhena A.
Prunus Amyg.
Hypericum P.
lndigofera Tinct.
Punica G.
379
380
Quercus I.
Raphanus S.
Cervus Dama.
Hirudo medicinalis.
Rasanjana.
223. PLEURODYNIA:Rasaut.
Cervus
Dama.
Rasavanti.
Cimicifuga
(Actaea racemosa)
Ricinus C.
(P.H.T.)
Salvadora species.
Citrus L.
Samasarkara Churna.
Ranunculus bulb (P.H.T.j
Semecarpus A.
Ricinus Communis.
Sesamilm I.
(inflamed) : 224. PNEUMONIA:
(Kaphasanthathajwaram;
(locally) : Raktasthivi-sannipat):Tamra Bhasma.
(See aIso:-"ExpectoTerminalia B. and Cheb.
rants").
Tinospora Cordifolia.
Aconite (P.H.T.)
Verbascum thapsus, (Mullein
Allium sativum.
leaves) (P.H.T.)
Aloe barbadensis.
Vitis V.
Cervus Dama.
Woodfordia F.
Embelia R.
Ferula A.
219. PIMPLES:Hirudo medicinalis.
(On nose):Linum U.
Santalum A.
220. PITYRIASIS: (Seithma;
Quinine.
Sidhma):Strychnos nux-vomica.
Bhringaraja Taila.
Cassia S.
225. POISONS & POISONEclipta E.
ING: (Stavarajangama
Mallotus P.
Visham):221. PLAGUE: (Maraka;
Acacia Arabica & A. catechu.
Agnirohini) : Rubia cordifolia.
(See:-"Fevers").
(Croton):Acorus C.
Ghee.
Ammonii. carbonas.<
Ignatia. (Strychnos Ignatii).
Boerhavia diffusa.
Cannabis sativa.
Tamarix G.
Trichosanthes_ dioica.
222. PLEURISY: (Puphusapa- (tobacco) : kijvaram) : Allium C.
See aIso:-"Pneumonia".
(morphine) : All~um sativa.
Cocculus S.
Boerrahavia D.
Copper Sulphate.
Cantharis (P.H.T.)
Datura F.
APPENDICES
Oxalis Corniculata.
(copper, arsenic-somala- visha, or corrosive sublimate):Saccharum O.
Triticum S.
(of various sorts):Salvadora species.
(opium):Saxifraga I.
Strychnos N.
(chronic -arsenical):Semecarpus A.
(narcotic) : Sinapis J.
Strychnos N.
Valeriana species.
(lead):Strychnos N.
(by salts of Mercury, Zinc,
Silver, Tin & Iodide).
Triticum S.
Withanea somnifera.
226. PREGNANCY:
Complaints of: (Garbhavyapath):Cereum Oxalate (P.R.T.) _

Hydrocotyle asiatica (P.H.T.)
227. PRICKLY-HEAT:Os sepie and its preparations.
Santalum A.
228. PROLAPSUS:
(Guda-
bhramsam):Garcinia M.
Hypericum P.
,. .Podophylhlm emodi (P.H.T.)
Psidium G. (for prolapse of
ani).
(recti):Changeri Ghrita.
Compound Ghrita,.
Quercus I.
Strychnos N.
Viola species.
381
(stricture) : Sulphur and its preparations.

(uterus):Viola sp,ecies.
229. PRURIGO: (Rakasa):Cocculus S.
Curcuma L.
Haridra Khanda.
Khadi-rastaka.
Somaraji Taila.
(chroni(') : Urine (cow's) & preparations.
230. PRURITUS: (Alasaka):Holarrhena A.

231. PSORIASIS:
(Vicharchika) :Canarium S.
Cassia S.
Cephalandra I.
Dipterocarpus T.
Hibiscus P.
Hydrocotyle A.
232. PTERYGWM:Butea F.
233. PUERPERAL DISEASES~ (Soothikajwaram):Pedalium M.

(Convulsions) : Gardenia F.
(diarrhoea) : Svalpa Methi Modaka.
(evers):Panchajirakapaka.
Vitex N. etc.
234. PYAEMIA:
Quinine:235. PYELITIS (Vrikkasodham) & PYELONEPHRITIS:Cantharis (P.R.T.)
382
China (Cinchona) (P.H.T.)

Eucalyptol for pyelo-nephritis.
also (P.H.T.)
Liquidambar O.
Santalum A.
Triticum repens. (P.RT.)
236. RESPIRATORY COM-
PLAINTS:Cocculus S.
Ephedra V.
Euonymus.
Ocimum species.
(painful) : Pinus species. Solanum I.
(nasal, throat, laryngeal and
bronchial) ; Piper species.'
(catarrhs) : Pi stacia species.
Plantago I.
Randia D.
Sinapis J.
(spasmodic and phlegmatic):Sodium salts and preparations.
Sambharsing Bhasma.
(locally) : Sambharsing paste.
(chest diseases):Sodium salts and preparations.
(spasmodic) : Ptychotis A.
Strychnos N.
Ty lophora A.
Zingiber O.
(Inflammatory) : Verbascum T.
(tightness of chest):Viola species.
237. RETCHING:Sinapis J.
238. RETENTION OF
URINE: (Mutraghata):See:-"Anuria".
"
239. RHAGADES:See:-"Eczema, Skin

diseases and the like).
240. RHEUMATISM:
(Sandhivata; Amavata;
Rakthavatham) : (See also:-"Fevers and:
Vata diseases").
Aconitum F. & N.
Acorus C.
Adityapaka guggula.
Ajamodadi Churna.
Alp~ia officinarum.
Boerhavia diffusa.
Carum copticum.
Oleum ricini.
(acute) :-(Amavatam).
Alangium D.
Allium cepa & A. sativum.
Alstonia scholaris.
Camphora O.
Cinchona C.
Prasarini Leha.
Quinine.
Vitex N. etc.
(chronic) : Andropogon I.
Cocculus V.
Devadari K vatha.
Gynocardia O.
Hemidesmus I. ...Hydrocotyle A.
Ipomoea turpethum.
Jatropha C.
'
Myristica F.
Papaver S.
Pinus deodara and species.
Saussurea L.
Solanum D.
APPENDICES
Strychnos N.
Vateria I. etc.
Zingiber O.
(for ordinary simple acute
rheumatism) .
Andropogon M.
Asparagus O. & R.
Balsamodendron M.
Brassica J.
Bryonia E.
Cadaba I.
Calophyllum A.
Cannabis S.
Cardiospermum H.
(muscular) : Carthamus T.
Chitra Kathi.
Strychnos N.
Terminalia cheb.
Cassia S.
Celastrus P.
Cinnamomum tamala.
Citrus Au. & B.
Cocculus C.
Colchicum L.
Crataeva N.
Crocus S.
Croton T.
Dasamulakada.
Datura A. & fastuosa.
Pelphinium D.
Dhanvant1'i Tailum.
Dodonaea V.
Ephedra V.
Erythrina I.
Euphorbia A. & Til".
Farsetia A.
Ferula G.
(headache) : Ficus Benja.
Flacourtia R. & S.
Gandhaka Lepa.
Gandhakadi Taila.
Gaultheria F.
Gendarussa V.
383
Gokshuradi guggula:
Gossypium I.
GrewiaA.
Guduchyadi Taila.
Guizotia A.
Her'rnodactylus G.
Herpestis M.
Hinguleshwara Rasa.
Holarrhena A.
Hyssopus O.
Illicium V.
Ipomoea P.R. & T.
Ithrphal.
Kubja Prasarini Taila.
Lavendula S.
Lepidium S.
Litsea S.
Lycopodium C.
(stiff neck):Mashabaladi Kvatha.
Mattricaria C.
Melanleuca L.
Mentha P.
Methi nwdaka.
Mica (reduced).
Michelia C.
Moringa P.
Mrityunjaya Rasa.
Mullugo C.
Myristica fragrans &
momordica.
Myrtus C.
Narayana Taila.
Nicotiana T.
Nyctanthes A.
Ocimum species.
Paederia F.
Pancha Valkaladi Tailttm.
Pandanus O.
Papaver S.
Petroleum (externally)
(P.H.T.)
Peucedanum species.
Phaseolus species.
Physalis species.
Piper 10l~gum.
Plantago I.
Plumbago species.
Pongamia G.
Potassium salts.
Ptychotis A.
Pyrethrum 1.
Pyrus species.
Radia D.
Ricinus communis.
Rosebay.
Rourea S.
Saindhavadya Taila.
Salvadora species.
Sapindas T.
Sarveshwara Rasa.
Semecarpus A.
Sesbania species.
Sida A.C. & R.
Sinhanada guggula.
Smilax Chinensis & S. glabra.
Sodium ~lts and preparations.
SIJlanum nigrum & S. Xanthocarpum (S. Jacquinii).
Soymida F.
Strychnos N.
Sunta Ghrita.
Svalpa M ethi M odaka.
Terminalia B.
Tionspora cordifolia.
Toddalia A. etc.
Trayodasang guggula.
(gonorrhoeal) :Tribulus T.
Trigonella F.
Triphala guggula.
(articular) : Triticum S.
(syphilitic) :Somala Bhasma.
Tylophora A.
Urgina 1. etc.
Vanda R.
Vata guduchyadi Taila.
. ''''
V atavaktantaka Rasa.
(pains):Vitex Nigundo & T. etc.

Vitis V.
Vrihat guduchyadi Taila.
(with swellings):Withania S. etc.
Yogaraja guggula.
241. RICKETS:Trigonella F.
242. RINGWORM: (Dadru):-
See also "Skin Diseases":Allium S.

Butea F.
Carica P.
Cassia alata. F. S. & T.
Cephalandra I.
Chakramardha.
Cinnabar.
Cocculus S.
Cocos N.
Curcuma L.
Embelia Ribes & E. robusta.
Euphorbia T.
Ferula A.
Hibiscus P.
J asminum Ang. & H.
Mallotus P.
Myristica F.
Nerium O.
Ocimum basilicum
Piper nigrum.
Rasa Karpura.
Rhinacanthus C. <.
Siegesbeckia O.
Somraja Ta,ila.
Triticum S.
Urine (Horse's).
243. SALIVATION:Acacia catechu.
Bauhinia variegata.
APPENDICES
Feronia elephantum.
Mimusops E.
Spilanthus O.
385
247. SCROFULA: (Gandamala-apachi) (See also:Consumption):-
Am~anthus Pani.
(also tumours}:..:_
Bauhinia T. & V.
Caesalpinia D.
.245. SCALDS:-See also:Clerodendron Inerme, & slpho"Burns", "Blisters".
nanthus.
Cocc1.llus
C.
Basella A.
Echinops F.
Gossypium I.
Eulophia V.
Mangifera 1.
(ulcers) : Oryza S.
Euphorbia A.
Portulaca species.
Evolvulus A.
Sesamum I.
Fumaria O.
Silicium salts.
Galega P.
Terminalia cheb.
Gandhaka Lepa.
Triticum S.
Gracilaria L.
Gynocardia O.
246. SCIATICA: (Gridhrasee): Hydnocarpus I. & W.
Hydrocotyle A.
.
Abrus precatorius.
Kanchanara
gU(1gula.
Allium S.
Melia Azadi and Azeda.
Ashtakatvara Taila.
Moringa P.
Bala Taila.
Myrica N.
Brassica N.
Rumex C.
..,
Semecarpus
A.
Cassia T.
Cervus dama.
Smilax
China.
Solanum D.
Citruc B. C. & L.
(abscesses) : Cucumis colocynthis (P.H.T.).
Squalus
C. preparations.
Datura A. & F.
Sulphur
and its preparations.
Euphorbia R.
Trigonella F.
Gaultheria F.
Tryushanadi Lauha.
Ithrphal
(sores) : Masha-baladi.
Vitex N. etc.
Myristica M.
Withania S. etc.
Nyctanthes A.
.
Xanthium S. etc.
Piper longum.
Prabhanjana Vimardhana.
Saindhavadya Taila.
248. SCURVY:-(Sosham).
Svatparasuna Pinda.
Allium cepa.
Viscum album. (P.H.T.).
Ambose.
244. SCABIS:-(PamaKatchhoo) See "Itches" &

"Skin Diseases".
25
386
Banga bhasllw.
Brihat Somaraji Taila.
Amchur.
Citrus Au. & B.
Feronia F.
Garcinia Pur.
Indigofera E.
lVIangifera I.
Nyctanthes A.
Musa S.
Portulaca species.
Psidium G.
Raphanus S.
Rourea S.
Rumex C.
Salvadora species.
Solanum T.
Spondias M. etc.
Tamarindus I.
(locally) : -
Cassia tora.
Cedrus deodara.
Cera lava.
Chakramardha.
Chaulmugra Ointment.
Vasachandanadi Taila.
Vitis Q. etc.
249. SEA-SICKNESS:
Cocculus indicus (P.H.T.).
250. SENILITY:Anacardium orientale & occidentale. (P.H.T.).
251~ SHOCK:-
Hypericum perforatum,
(P.H.T.).
252. SINUS:-(Nadivrana):Allium sativum.

Cupri sulphas.
Jatropha G.
Myrtus C.
Plumbago Zeylanica
Vitex N. etc..
j>
(Chilblains) : Cinnabar.
Citrus B.
Cocculus C.
Piper nigrum.
Shore a R.
(freckles) : Cocos N.
Cucumis Melo.
Gossypium I.
Mallotus P.
Curcuma Am. & Aro., L. &
Cuscuta R.
Embelia R.
(chronic) : Eucalyptus G.
Panchatikta Ghrita.
Silicium salts.
Taraxacum O. 'etc.
Urine (cow's) and preparations.
Vernonia A. & C. etc.
Ficus R.
Fumeria O.
Gandha Taila or Gandhakad-;

Taila.
Gandhaka Ghrita.
Gandhaka Rasayana.
Gloriosa S.
(measles).
253. SKIN DISEASES:Acacia C.

Alangium D.
Altingia E.
Andrographis paniculata
H a.ridralchanda.
of sulphur.
.-
Gorochanam.
Guazuma T.
Balsam
z..
Guduchyadi Taila.
Gynocardia O.
Hemidesmus I.
(scabies) : Hibiscus P.
APPENDICES

Hydnocarpus 1. & wightiana.
Hydrocotyle A.
Ichnocarpus F.
Indigofera A. & Tinc.
Ipomoea Cy.
Jasminum G.
Kanchanara guggula.
Karaviradya Taila.
Khadirarishta.
Khadirashtaka.
Lawsonia A.
Mallotus P.
Melia Azadi, and Azeda.
Mesua F.
Milk of Sulphur.
Nelumbium S.
Nerium O.
Nigella S.
Nirgundi Oil.
Nyctanthes A.
(excessive sweating):Ochrocarpus L.
Ocimum species.
(Inflammatory affections):Oryza S.
(excrescences):-Oxalis C.
(irritable surface):Plantago I.
Plumbago species.
Pongamia G.
(eruptions) : Lait virginal. (Tincture of
Benzoin).
Portulaca species.
Prithvisara Taila.
Prunus Amyg.
Rumex C.
Santalum A.
Sesbania species.
(eruptive) : Prithvisara Taila.
Styrax B.
Psoralia C.
381
Pterocarpus M. & Santalinus.

(obstinate): Ramaban Rasa.
Rhus S.
(burning of skin and body
heat) : Rosa species.
Rourea S.
Rubia C.
Santalum A.
Saussurea L.
Sesamum I.
(excoriations, cracks,_
fissures, etc.):Sevum preparatum.
Shore a R.
parasitic eruptions} :'_
Sinduradya Taila.
Solanum D. & N.
Somaraji Taila.
Sphaeranththus H. etc.
Stal1J!.um preparations.
Talakesari Rasa.
(loca1ly) : Tamra Bhasma.
Tamresvara.
Terminalia A. Cat. & cheb.
(tetter and lesions).
Triticum S.
Urginia I. etc.
Vtpaladi Sritam.
Vata guduchyadi Taila.
(Syphilitic) : Vitex N. etc.
Vrihat gudttchyadi Taila.
Withania S. etc.
Zinc salts and preparations..
Zingiber Z.
388
254. SLEEPLESSNESS:See "Insomnia".
255. SMALL POX:.

(Massoorika; Masunka).
Agati G.
Asparagus R.
Curcuma L.
Fagonia A.
Gorochanam.
Lens E.
Melia azadirachta.
Rhus-tox. (F.R.T.).
Trigonella-foenum-graecum.
. 256. SNAKE-BITES:Althanea O.
Amaranthus Poly.
Dodonaea V.
Eclipta E.
Euphorbia N. & T.
Flacourtia S.
Gardenia F.
Gloriosa S.
GYlnnema S.
Heliotropium E.
Hibiscus A.
Hugonia M.
(Phursa) : Nerium O.
Ophiorrhiza M.
Pericampylus 1.
Salvadora species.
Strychnos N.
257. OORE EYES:-See:"Eye Diseases".

258. SORES: (Bed sores and
sores on lips).
.
.Acacia arabica & catechu.
Acalypha indica.
Aconitum ferox & A. nepellus.
Areca C.
(Delhi) :---.,
Balsamodendron M.
'._
.'-
Beta V.
Bisulphuret of arsenic.
Borax.
Cassia O.
Cephalandra J.
Cleome V.
Crocus S.
Erythrina 1.
Feron:a elephantum.
Ficus glomerata.
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
HeliotropiuiU 1. & S.
Hibiscus P.
(phagedenic and foul):Hydnocarpus 1.
Ixora C .
Kaphaketu Rasa.
Mangifera S.
Mentha S.
Musa paradisiaca.
(irritable) : Prunus Amyg.
Pterocarpus M.
(gangrenous) : Siegesbeckia 0., etc.
Smilax glabra:
Talisadya Churna.
Tamarindus indica.
Terminalia balerica &
T. chebula.
Vitex N. etc.
(in ears and nostrils):Trichosanthes species.
(foetid and scrofulous) : Vitex N. etc.
259. SORE THROAT:. (See also: "Cough").

Acacia A. & C.
'Allium C.
Alstonia S.
Alumin~ (P.H.T.)
Balsamodendron My.
APPENDICES,
Borax.
Brassica oleracea (P.H.T.)
Capsicum A.
Caryophullus aronlaticus.
Coriandrum S.
Curcuma longa.
Elettaria cardamonmm.
Eugenia J.
Feronia E.
Glycyrrhiza G.
Ixora C.
Piper cubeba & Piper nigrum.
Pyrethrum radix.
(sore mouth and tongue):Pistacia species.
(relaxed) : Punica G.
Quercus I.
(chronic) : Pyrus species.
Rosa species.
Spinac;ea O.
Talisadya Churna.
Tamarindus I.
Terminalia B. & C.
260. SPASMS:Cajuputum.
(Melaleuca leucadendron).
(P.R.T.)
261. SPERMATORRHOEA:
(Indriyaskalanam ;
(Sukrameha) : Aconitum ferox.
Adamas.
Aegle marmelos.
Albizzia lebbek.
Banga Bhasma.
Cassia Auri.
Cinnamomum camphora,
Digitalis 3 X. (P.R.T.)
Ficus B.
Holostemma R.
Ipomoea, digitata.
Lactuca S.
389
Lawsonia A.
Makaradhvaja.
Mucuna P.
Parmelia P.
Pedalium M.
Plumbum reduced.
Saccharum O.
Sida C.
Strychnos N.
Swarna banga.
Terminalia A. etc.
Tribulus T.
Withania S. etc.
262. SPLEEN COMPLAINTS:
(Enlargement; Plihodar;
Pleehavriddhi) :Abhaya Lavana.
Abhra Bhasma.
Abies W.
Allium C.
Berberis asiatica.
Bombax malabaricum.
Capsicum (P.H.T.)
Chi corium I.
Cimicifuga (P.H.T.)
Cinchona C.
Citrus B.
Co'wrie Bhasma.
Eclipta A ..
Eugenia J.
Euphorbia N.
Ficus A.
Flacourtia R.
Gardenia G.
Gentiana K.
Gymnema S.
Hermodactylus G.
Ipomoea D.
Jatropha G.
Lawsonia A.
Luffa A. & E.
Melia Azeda.
Moringa P.
290
THE INDIAN MATERIA MElJICA
()strea E. and its preparations.

Panchakola Churnam.
Piper Chaba & P. longum.
Potassium salts.
Prunus Amyg.
Punica G.
Pyrethrum I.
Quinetum.
Saline substances.
Salvadora species.
Semecarpus A.
Sesbania species.
Solanum I. & N.
Sulphur and preparations.
Swertia C. etc.
Terminalia cheb.
Trigonella F.
Viscum species.
Vitex N. & T.
Aloe L.
Cocculus C.
(induration) : Hyssopus O.
Jvarasani Rasa.
Kapardaka Bhasma.
Rohitaka Lauha.
Sambuka Bhasma.
Shanka Bhasma.
Sukti Bh'asma.
Yakridari Lauha.
(torpid) : Prunus Amyg.
263. SPLENITIS:See: "Spleen Complaints".
Myristica F.
Paeonia E.
Papaver S.
Vitex T.
265. SPRUE: (Grahani):Aegle marmelos.

Butter-milk.
Citrus aurantium.
Holerrhena A.
Musa S.
Oleum ricini.
Punica granatum.
Terminalia A.
266. STAMMERING:Spilanthus O.
267. STERILITY:Asparagus R.
Ficus R.
Mimusops E.
Pandanus O.
Phalaghrita.
Putranjiva R.
Withania S. etc.
268. STIFF-NECK:
(Manyastambha) :Asparagus' R.
Mashabaladi Kvatha.
269. STINGS:See: "Bites" .
264. SPRAINS:270. STOMACH orCOM(See also~ Anti-phlogistics).

PLAINTS: (U~ara-'J'Ioga):- .
See also: "Dropsy".
Cicer A.
Kalyanakshram.
Croton O .
(gastrodynia): . Curcuma Aro. & Curcuma
Ipomoea turpethum.
longa.
N ardostachys J.
Garcenia P.
(gripes) : Gynandropsis P.
Nicofiana T.
Hibiscus P.
APPENDICES
(irritability): Ochrocarpus L.
Ocimum species.
Santalum A.
(Inflammatory) : Oryza S.
(ache):Cuscuta R.
Zingiber O.
(catarrh) : Phaseolus species.
(disorders) : Quinetum.
271. STOMATITIS:
(Mukhapaka; Mukharoga; Asyapakam):Balsamodendnm My.
Diospyros E.
Emblica O.
/
(parasitic) : Sodium, salts and preparations.
Svalpa Khadira vatika.
272. STONE IN THE BLADDER:See: "Calculi".
391
Punarnava Leha.
Saccharum o.
Scilla I.
Sida C.
Vernonia C. etc.
274. SUNSTROKE: (Suryabhigatajanya moorcha):Cucumis S.

175. SWEATING:(excessive) : Ochrocarpus L.
-
(profuse):~
Santalum A.
276. SWELLINGS:Kaemferia R.
(hands and feet):Nigella S.
Ocimum species.
Plantago 1.
277. SYNCOPE: (MurcchaBhrama):See: "Fainting", "Coma".
278. SYNOVITIS: (KroshiruksOOsh; Itroshtuka-seer273. STRANGURY: (Muthrasham):kricbchra; Mutrakrachha):

(See also: "Rheumatism")_
See, also: "Ardor Urinae",
Dysuria.
279. SYPHILIS: (Firangaroga; Pbirangi-rogam):Abutilon 1.
Allium C.
Acacia catechu.
Amaranthus PanL
Acalypha I.
Boerhavia D.
Adansonia D.
Bombax M.
Agave A.
Citrullus V.
Alangium D.
Clitoria T.
Amrvta guggula.
Cucumis S.
Erythrina I.
Argemone M.
Gossypium 1.
Argyreia speciosa.
Hemidesmus 1.
Arsenious acid.
Hibiscus Rosa S. & Sab.
Balsamodendron M.
Linum U.
Berberis asiCltica.
Oxalis C.
Bryonia E.
392
THE INDIAN MA TERIA IV[EDICA
Vasanta Malti.
Triphala guggula.
(syphilitic rheumatism):Tylophora A.
Vafari guggula.
Vitex N. etc.
Calotropis G.
Cassia tora.
Chandrodaya Rasa.
Clerodendron inerme.
(secondary) : Cocculus C.
Devadari-kvatha.
Gynocardia O.
Plumbago species.
Vanda/R.
(cachexia) : Cocculus V.
DavakusumacU Rasa.
Delphinium D.
Dioscorea B.
Echinops E.
Eclipta E.
Ephedra V.
Erythrina F.
Evolvulus A.
Ficus glomerata.
Fumaria O.
Hemidesmus I.
Hydrocoytle A.
Ichnocarpus F.
Indigofera A.
Kaisara guggula.
Kanchanara guggula.
Melia Azadi.
Narasimha Churna.
Smilax C. etc.
(eruptions) : _
Nirgundi Oil.
Rasa-karpur.
Rourea S.
Rumex C.
Salvarsan.
Saptasali Vati.
Semecarpus A.
Silicium salts.
Smilax glabra.
Solanum D.
Somala Bhasma.
Suvarna.
280. TAENIA:Beninkasa C.
Gisekia P.
Gynocardia O.
Mallotus P.
281. TAILOR'S CRAMPS:Anagallis arvensis (P.H.T.)
282. TENESMUS:Gossypium I.
Sida C.
283. TETANUS: (Akshepakavatham; Dhanustambha):(See: Paralysis & Rheumatism).
Datura fastuosa.
Eclipta E.
Hypericum per~oratum
(P.H.T.)
Narayana Taila.
Nicotiana T.
284, THIRST: (Trashna;
Trishna):(in fevers):Andropogon Muricatus.
Coriandrum sativum.
Cyperus rotundus.
Glycyrrhiza glabra:
Kyllingia T.
Mollugo cerviana.' ~
Pterocarpus santalinus. Punica granatum.
285. THROAT AFFECTIONS:
(Kantharoga):See also: "Sore Throat".
Altingia E.
...
'~
APPENDICES
393
Paederia E.
Papaver S.
Pistacia species.
(ache) : Arsenic (P.H.T.)
Pistacia species.
Piper species.
(toothache): 286. THRUSH:Plantago (P.H.T.)
Sodium salts and preparations. Pterocarpus M.
Rumex C.
287. TOBACCO CRAVING:Sinapis J.
Plantago Major (P.H T.)
Solanum 1.
Spilanthus O.
288. TONSILLITIS: (Galagraha; Kanthashalooka):- Tabernamontana species.
(acute) : (Cleansing of teeth):Cinchona C.
Salt-water (P.H.T.)
Garcinia M.
(to strengthen teeth and
gums) : Piper betle.
Salvadora species.
(enlarged tonsils):(teething among children):Quercus I.
(Dantodbheda) .
Rosa species.
Saxifraga L.
289. TOOTH COMPLAINTS:
(Dantaroga):290. TRACHOMA:Argemone M.
Abrus precator}ius
(infusion
for instillation).
291. TUBERCULOSIS:
Cinilamomum C.
Datura A.
(Rajayakshma) :Delphinium D.
See: "Phthisis"; consumpEmbelia R.
tion, etc.)
Erythrina 1.
292. TUMOURS: (Gulma):Euphorbia A. & Tir.
(maligllant): Ferula A.
Anona S.
Ficus B. & G.
(scrofulous) : Gardenia G.
Bauhinia T. & V.
Holarrhena A.
Carbonate of Potash.
(loose teeth) : (cheloid) : Mimusops E.
Cassia T.
(caries) : Fagonia A.
Moringa P.
Ipomoea turpethum.
Myrica sapida.
(abdominal) : Myristica M.
Ostrea E. and its preparations.
Ochrocarpus L.
Feronia E.
Hordeum V.
Pandanus O.
Rosa species.
Zingiber O.
(pectoral complaints):Zizyphus J. etc.
~94
TFI INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA .
Bombax n1alabaricum.
Borassus 'f.
Boswellia G.
Calotropis G.
Capparis A.
Careya A.
Carthamus T.
Cassia O.
(foul) : Cassia T.
Cera lava.
293. TYMPANITI5:
(Adhmanam; Anaham):- Cocculus S.
(See also: "Ear-ache").
Cuprum slliphas.
Carpum copticum.
Eucalyptus G.
Euphatoritlm A.
294. TYPHOID FEVER:
Gardenia G.
( Sannipatha-jwaram;
Glycyrrhiza glabra.
Pralapak):Holarrhena A.
Melia Azadi.
See also: "Fevers".
Pongamia G.
(for Diarrhoea) : Saccharum O.
Alumina (P.H.T.)
Styrax B.
Anandabhairava Rasa.
W oodfordia F.
Artemesia absenthium
Cedrus D.
(P.H.T.)
Curcuma L.
Cyperus R.
Coffea Arabica (P.H.T.)
Diospyros M.
Ferula asafoetida.
Dipterocarpus T.
Oxalis C.
Eucalyptus G.
Sodium salts and preparations. (scrofulous) : SvaLpa-kasturi-bhairabi Rasa.
Euphorbia A. & N.
295. TYPHUS FEVER:Execaria A.
Gynandropsis P,
Geranium maculatum (P.H.T.)
(indolent) : 296. ULCERS: (Vrina;
Ferri sulphas.'
Vranam):Ferula O.
See also: "Antiseptics";
Ghee.
<f'
"Sores"; "Wounds".
Lens E.
Lippia N.
Acacia Arabica & A. catechu.
Mel depuratum.
Allium sativum.
(gastric) : Andrographis paniculata.
(Sulam; Parinama Sulam).
Balsamodendron M. and O.
Olive Oil (P.H.T.)
Bambusa A.
Styrax B.
Bisulphurate of arsenic .
Tam.arindus I.
Plumbago Zeylanica.
Saline substances.
Papaver S.
5alvadora species.
Saraca indica.
Sarjikadya Churna.
Saussurea L.
Sphaeranthus H. & I.
Symplocos racemosa.
'_'
APPENDICES
Terminalia T.
Ficus R.
Galega P.
Garcinia Pur.
Gossypium I.
Hemidesmus I.
( chronic) : _:_
Jatropha G.
Terminalia cheb.
(small-pox) : Lens E.
Mangifera S.
(from burns):Manjishtadya Ghrita.
Myrica sapida.
Myristica M.
Myrtus C.
(gastric and duodenal):(Parinama Sulam).
Oryza S . .
(plain and irritable):Papaver S.
Pedalium M.
Phosphorus (P.R.T.)
Pinus species.
Piper betle.
Plantago ispagula.
Plumbago zeylanica.
Plumbum reduced.
Pongamia glabra.
Pr,ithvisara Taila.
Punica G.
Rourea S.
Rubia C.
Santalum album.
Sauss~ea L.
Sesamum I.
Shankhrt Bhasma.
Shorea R.
(syphilitic) : Adansonia D.
\
Nerium O.
Silicium salts.
(sloughing) : Sodium salts and preparations.
395
Symplocos racemosa.
Tamarix G.
Terminalia A. & C. etc.
Trichosanthes species;
(hollow) : Triphala.
T1iphala guggula.
Triticum S.
Vateria I. etc.
(obstinate) : Vitex Negundo.
Withania S. etc.
Zizyphus J. etc.
297. URETHRAL DIS'EASIES:

Cordia myxa.
Elephantopus S.
Hibiscus P.
(urethritis) : Pinus species.
Pongamia G.
Prameha Mihira Taila.
SoJium salts and preparations.
298. URIC ACID DIATHESIS:
(Sikatameha):See "Gout".
299. URINARY COMPLAINTS: (Prameham;
Prameha Pitakas):See also: "Anuria;
Enuresis; Diabetes, Dropsy;
Nephritis; Gonorrhoea; etc.
Althaea O. Jor irritability).
(dribbling of urine in old
men):Benzoic Acid (P.R.T.)
Changeri Ghita.
Potassium salts;
Prameha Mihira Taita.
Ricinis C.
Strychnos P.
Vitex N. etc.
396
Zea M. etc.
Cissampelos P.
Cocculus C.
Cocos N.
(genital) : Coriandrum S.
Cucumis Melo ~ S.
Cucurbita M.
GochtLradi (or GochtLrathi)
Churnam.
Gokshuradyava Leha.
Grewia W.
Hedysarum A.
Hemidesmus I.
Herpestis M.
(catcrrh) : Hordeum V.
Hyoscyamus N.
Malva S.
Pistacia species.
(polyuria) : Laboobai Saghur.
Mehamudgara Rasa.
Melia Azadi.
Mimosa P.
Pedalium M.
Physalis species.
Portulacca species.
(painful) : Prurus Amyg.
Raphanus S.
Rhus aromatica for anuria &
enuresis (P.H.T.)
Senna for oxaluria (P.H.T.)
Saccharum O.
(scalding 'urine);Sida R.
Tamarindus I.
( calculi) ; Spinacea O.
(retention) : (Mutraghatary) :
Strychnos N.
(incontinence) ; (Mootrasangam).
Aconitum ferox.
Majoonai Kuvathiabah.
Pedalium murex.
Strychnos N.
Styrax B.
Sulachanamritabhra.
Terminalia cheb.
(bloody urine):Tribulus T.
300. URTICARIA:
(Seetapitta; Shithapitha):Apis (P.H.T.)
~4 rdraka-khanda.
Curcuma L.
H aridrakhanda.
Ptychotis ajowan.
301. UTERINE DISEASES:(See: "Menstrual disorders"; Menorrhagia; Dysmenorrhoea; Amenorrhoea
and "Abortifacients"):Andropogon Muricatus.
Asoka Ghrita.
Aurum muriaticum natronatunl.
(P.H.T.)
Bombax malabaricum.
Coccus lacca. '
Crocus S.
Cuminum cyminum.
(menstrual derangement):Curculigo O.
Dolichos Bif.
(haemorrh~ges);-
Eclipta E.
.(during gestation);Utpaladi Sritam . ..(catarrh) ; Ferula foetida & F. & G.
Urtica D.
~
(discharges) ; Glycyrlhiza G.
Gossypium L
Grangea M.
Holerrhena A.
Punica G.
A,PPENDICES
397
Styrax B.
305. VENEREAL DISEASES:
(prolapsus) : See also "Syphilis".
Hypericum P.
Incligofera E.
Myrtus C.
Semecarpus A.
Nigella S.
Paeonia E.
306. VERTIGO: (Nandavayu;
Papflver S.
Murccha-Bhrama) : Pedalium ::vi.
PeterosalUrrum S.
Ambra grisea (Ambergris)
(irritability) : (P.H.T.)
Potassium salts.
Corigndrum S.
Punica G.
Nux vomica (P.H.T.)
(painful affections of uteru1;): Ruta (P.H.T.)
Pessaries ,of saffron (P.R.T.)
<;;araca I.
307. VOICE: (To hold & to help
Symplocos R.
singers):Tribulus T.
Mentha piperita (P.H.T.)
Viburnam F.
302. UVULA:
(Elongatioll):-
Allium S.
(uvulitis) : Phyllanthus species.
(relaxed) : Acacia catechu.
Symplocos R.
303. V AGINI5:MUS:Zingiber O.
304.
"vATA"
DISEASES:-,
Allium sativum.
Ferula foetida.
Hydrargyrum.
Piper longum & its root.
Sida cotdifolia.
Triphala.
Vitex negundo.
308. VOMITING: (Chardi;

Chhardhi) : See also: Indigestion.
Abies Webbiana.
Acorus calamus.
Bergera K.
Brassica A.
Cinnamomum C. & F.
Citrus B. & L.
Cyperus R.
Hemidesmus I.
Mentha P.
(bilious) : Mentha S.
Mollugo cerviana.
Myristica fragrans.
Tamarindus indica.
(obstinate) : Silicium salts.
Sin;>,pis J.
Terminalia Cheb.
Zingiber O.
398
309. WARTS: (Masaka;

Mashak):See also: Corns.
Achyranthes- aspera.
~acardium O.
Carica P.
Euphorbia A.
Jasminum G.
Mangifera indica.
Oxalis C.
Semeca~us A.
Urginia I. etc.
White cabbage (P.R.T.)
313. WOMB DISEASES:See: "Uterine Diseases".

314 WORMS: (Krimi):-
Aca.1ypha I.
Acorus. C.
Aleurites M.
Alocasia I.
Aloe B.
Alstonia S.
Andropogon C.
Aristolochia B.
Artemesia A.
Bauhinia V.
Blumea B.
310. WHITE ANTS:Boerhavia diffusa.
Melia Azadi.
Butea frondosa.
Dillenia I.
311. WHITLOWS:Embelia R.
Potassium salts.
Apis (P.R.T.)
(round & tape):Crinum D.
Areca C.
Dioscorea (P.R.T.)
(tape) : Euphorbia A.
Ammonium embelate.
Nitric acid (P.R.T.)
Argemone M.
Ordinary lemon (P.R.T.)
Cocos N.
Sulphur 200 (P.R.T.)
. Cucurbita M.
Garcinia P.
312. WHOOPING COUGH:Kamala powder.
Mallotus P.
Allium cepa.
Punica G.
Alum (P.R.T.)
(thread) : Cannabis S.
Bambusa A.
Ephedra vulg.aris.
Gisekia P.
Eucalyptus G.
Quassia E,
Euphorbia N. & Tir.
Sodium salts and preparati:Jns._
Ferula A.
(round):....
Gorochanam.
Allium S.
Indigofera T.
Bhoonimbadi Chtlrnam.
Justice adhatoda.
Carica P.
Opuntia dillenii.
Cleome V.
Lemonade (P.R.T.)
Colycopterus F.
Pongamia G.
Cyperus P.
Sinapis J.
Ferula asafoetida (P.R.T.)
Sulphur fumes.
Tylophora A.
Gardenia G.
Gyhandropsis P.
Zinc salts and preparations~
399
APPENDICES
Hyssopus O.
Mangifera I.
Mucuna P.
Vernonia A.
(ankylostoma) : Ceropegia B.
Citrus A.
Cyperus R.
Daemia E.
Spinacea O.
(guinea) : Anona squamosa.
Carica pap~ya.
Datura A.
Vernonia C. etc.
Eclipta, E.
Emblica O.
Etrythrina I.
Eulophia V.
Gloriosa S.
Holarrhena A.
Melia Azadi.
Saline substances.
Sid a A.
Urine (horse's).
Euphorbia T.
Ferula A.
Helleborus N.
(round and thread):Embelia ribes.
Holarrhena A.
Kitamarda Rasa.
Krimighatlini gutika.
Krimimudgara Rasa.
Luffa E.
,lVIallotus P.
Melia azadirachta.
Moringa P.
Nigella S.
Picrorrhiza kurrooa.
Piper species.
Ptychotis A.
Pyrethrum I.
Quassia E.
Ruta G.
Sapindas T.
Sesbania species.
Solanum I.
Spaeranthus H.
Stannum (P.R.T.)
Strychnos N.
Terminalia cheb.
Trichosanthus species.
Urine (Ox's).
Vernonia C. etc.
(haematinic) : Vidanga Lauha.
Vitex N. etc.
Zingiber Z.
(Hook 'worms):Thymol (P.R.T.)
(all kinds of worms, trichinosis,
tapeworms) : Cuprum oxydatum nigrum ;.x
(P.H.'r.)
(Seat worms)
Urtica Urens (P.H.T.)
315. WOUNDS:
Sadyovrana) .
(Salbovrana~
Acacia catechu.
Acalpha indica.
Acorus calamus.'
Agave Americana (P.H.T.)
Arum C.
Balsamodendron O.
Bombax malabaricum.
Borax.
Calotropis gigantea & C.
pro cera.
Cupri sulphas.
Cynodon dactylon.
Cyperus rotundus.
Lactuca Scariola (P.H.T)
Mel depuratum.
Sida co,:,difolia.
40Q
(contusions and bruises):Coscinum F.

Crocus S.
Curcuma Aro. & Z.
Ferula foet~da.
Papaver S.
Symplocos racemosa.
Terminalia A. etc.
Desmodium T.
Fagonia A.
Friar's Balsam.
Ghee.
(bruises) : Garcinia P.
"'\
Hibiscus P.
Mentha S.
Paeonia E.
Potassium salts.
(maggots) : -
JIydnocarpus I.
Kaempferia R.
Oryza S.
(abrasions) : ; Potassium salts.
. Saussurea L.
Sesamum 1.
(caused by poisoned arrows);
Spondias M. etc.
Sterculia A.
(cuts) : Styrax B.
Woodfordia F.
316. WRITER'S CRAMPS:Ambra grisea (Ambergris).

(P.H.T.)
Publications referred:(1) Clinical Application of Ayuryedic Remedies, (1924)

by Zandu Pharmaceutical Works, Ltd., Bombay.
(2) Fund~mental Principles of Ayurvedic Medicine, by
Government of Madras, Madras.
(3) One Hundred Useful Drugs (1927), by Dr. A. Lakshmipathi.
(4) Pharmacopoeia Indica (1932), by Dr. K. C. Bose.
(5) Practical
Ghoshal.
Homoeo
Therapeutics (1950), by
Dr.
(6) Prospectus of the Government Ayurvedic and Un ani

College, (1937), Mysore.
....
(7) Vegetable Drugs of India (1924), by Dr. D.J ... Sanyul.
APPENDICES
401
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U
'M
!:-~
~O
00
..
.~
C'J
~
M
et:,....;N6~
'-'
cci
.S.
O')J..C':)!:-"";
~
"<t'
,....;,....;o~o....:.
0')
.0
.~
,...;
TIIE JNDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
,412
Infonnative poin ts: -
(1) Total nutritive value or percentage of total nutriment

in dried fruits is more than in fresh raw fruits. (2) An
excess of cereal foods has a bad effect on the teeth.
Cocoanut oil; gingelly oil; '\ linseed oil; ground nut oil;
olive oil; cotton-seed oil; mustard oil; cocogem; etc., have
almost the same percentage of fats and calories per lb. as the
cod liver oil and fish liver oil.
Cholesterol contents of food-stuffs:___,

Animal Foods
Egg
Yolk of egg ..
Cheese
Bacon
Pork
Butter
1.85
2
0.8
0.4
0.24
0.1
Vegetable Foods
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
Onions
Carrots
Bread
Semolina (suji)
Potatoes
Chocolates
..
0.05
0.03
0.025
0.02
0.015
0.07
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
%.
N.B.-Animal food-stuffs contain much more cholesterol

than do vegetable ones.
E. & O. E.
The amount of food required by the average individual
to enable him to do moderately hard work has been
scientifically worked out in what are termed calories, each
article of diet having a certain caloric value. These calories
are obtained from the proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats, salts and
water.
The term calorie (large*) means the amount of heat
that is required to raise one pound of water 4 F., or raise
the temperature of one kilogramme (2.2 pounds) of water1 Centigrade; an amount of energy equal to that required
for raising a weight much greater than our own bodi~s several
feet off the ground. The Calorie is a standard which is as
applicable in estimating the energy value of foods as the
gramme or pound is in calculating weight.
* In measuring the heat value of foods the large calorie,
which is 1,000 times greater than the one used, in PhYSics, is
used. The gramme is also used as the unit of weight for foods,
one Gramme
15 grains; 1. ounce = 28.35 grammes.
APPENDICES
413
Caloric Value of Food COllstituents:One (gr. or grm.) gramme of either pure protein or carbobydrate (sugar or starch) yields or furnishes respectively,
on combustion 4.1 calories of heat; 1 gramme of fat yields
on an average 9.3 calories; and 1 gramme of alcohol y'ields
7.0 calories of heat to the body.
The method of applying the Calorie standard to a food
or any portion of diet, is very simple; in the case of protein
and carbo-hydrates, the percentage contained in the food or
diet is multiplied by 4.1 and in the case of fat by 9.3; the
sum of these products is the total Calories yielded by 100
grammes of the food or diet. (1 lb. = 453.592 grms.)
O'Meara.
"Scientists have provE:!d by experiment that the foods we
eat are oxidised in the body giving off carbon-di-oxide and
water and releasing heat by which the warmth of the body
.is maintained and energy for work provided. Scientists have
also been able to determine the amount of heat with which
each feed will furnish the body and th~y indicate this quantity
in term of Calories. In other words, the caloric value of any
food is the measure of energy which is given out by the
complete oxidation or burning up of substance in the body.
A man doing moderately hard work requires food yielding
from 2,500 to. 3;500 Calories a day!' (Scottish Manhood, Octr.
1926) .
"The length of time" required for stomach digestion varies
with different food substances; (vide this Table) and also
depends upon the condition under which the food is eaten.
Healthy stomach digestion requires at least 5 hours for its
completion, and the stomach should have an hour for rest
before another meal. If fresh food is taken before that which
preceded it is digested, the portion of food remaining in the
stomach is likely to undergo fermentation, thus rendering
the whole mass of food unfit for the nutrition of the body,
besides fostering various disturbances of digestion. It has
been shown by recent observations that t~e length of time
required for food to pass through the entire digestive process,
to which it is subjected in the mouth, stomach and small
intestines, is from 12 to 14 hours.-("Science in the Kitchen",
Mrs. E. E. Kellogg, A.M.,-Library of Health, Vol. V.)
br
. "The most complete foods from the nutritional standpoint

are the leafy vegetables,"-"Kidneys is better from the
nutritional standpoint than Beefsteak"; "Whole wheat flour
contains only about 95% of the whole wheat kernel, while
414
TfI INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
graham flour contains the whole kernel, and more of the

lninerals _ (Magnesium, Calcium, Potassium and the Phosphates) ,,'_ (New Pocket Quiz Book, (1945) by Slider and
Crittenden) .
The undermentioned Tabies taken from an article by
Drs. Samsum Blatherwick and, Smith, in the Journal of the
American Medical Association, (Vol. 81, No. 11, Page 883),
give the principal foods, which are predominantly Acid and
Alkali producing respectively:Table 1. Acidity of certain
foods. Per 100 Grammes.
2.7.
Bread, white.
3.0.
Bread, wh~le wheat
.95
Corn, sweet, dried,
7.81.
Crackers,
Cranberries,
*
11.10
Eggs,
5.24.
Egg white,
26.69.
Egg yolk,
16.07.
Fish haddock,
11.81.
Fish, pike,
13.91.
Meat, beef lean,
17.01.
Meat, chicken,
10.36.
Meat, frog,
Meat, pork lean,
11.87.
Meat, rabbit,
14.80.
13.52.
Meat, veal,
30.00.
Oysters,
Oat meal,
12.93.
3.9.
Pea nuts,
Prunes, plums,
*
Rice,
8.1.
Additional Acid-producing
foods:(1) Bacon.
(2) Fish; Salmon; Sardines,
Table 2. Alkali producing

Foods. Per 100 Grammes.
Almonds,
12.38.
Apples,
3.76.**
Asparagus,
.81.
Bananas,
5.56.**
BearJ,s, dried,
23.87.
Beans, Lima, dried
41.65.
Beets,
10.86.
Cabbage,
4.34.
Carrots,
10.82.
Cauliflower,
5.33.
Celery,
7.78.
Chestnuts,
7.42.
Currants, dried.
5.97.
Lemons,
5.45.
Lettuce,
7.37.
Milk Cow's,
2.37.
Muskmelon,
7.47. **
Oranges,
-<5.61.
**
,
Peaches,
5.04.
Peas, dried,
='1.07.
7~19;'I'-*
Potatoes,
'Radishes,
2.87.
Raisins,
'..
23.68.
Turnips,
2.68.
Additipnal Alkali-producing.
~
......
APPENDICES
Table 1. Acidity of certain

foods. Per 100 Grammes.
(3) Mutton.
(4) Walnuts.
415
Table 2. Alkali producing

Foods. Per 100 Granimes.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
foods:Beans, ~tring.
Cocoanuts.
Cucumbers.
Molasses.
Mushrooms.
Onions.
Pears.
Peas, green.
E. & O.E ..
It will be observed from these that in the main, eggs, fish,

meats and oysters are the greatest acid-producing foods which
enter into the dietary, most commonly used.
* The ash of these foods is alkaline, but because of contained: substances which form hippuric acid in the body, they
increase the acidity 'of the urine.
** These foods have been found experimentally to be
very efficient in reducing the acidity of the body.
I
(From "Obesity: Its Types and Treatment", booklet
published by Battle and, Co.'s Chemists' Corporation, St.
Louis, ;Me.)
APPENDIX V
Vitamins in Foods And Dietetic Articles
Vitamin constitutes an unknown substance or a small vital
element, "Accessory Food Factor", or "a constant constituent
of living tissues"-also a body builder, discovered by Funk.
existing in several of our important dietetics in very minute
quantities, and found from careful investigation and experiments to be the most essential one for normal development
of the young and maintenance of health, in addition to the
five well-known elements, viz., proteins, carbo-hydrates, fats,
salts and water.
"The number of vitamins thought to exist is increasing.
Some, put not all of the newly discovered ones, have been
shown to be necessary to human beings. The chemical com-
,416
position of vitamins, A, B l , C, D 2 , D;}, E, K, riboflavin, nicotinic

acid, pyridoxine and pantoth~nic acid is known, and some of
them have been synthesised. On the other hand, "Vitamin"
B 5 , and Factor "Y" are now thought to be identical with
pyridoxine. Fresh evidence of the existence of the "Case in
:Fact-or" has. come from America".- (For more exhaustive
details, reo Vitamins, read Chapters on Vitamins in "The
Extra Pharmacopoeia" (1943), by Martindale, and "Treatise
on Tropical Therapeutics", (1950), by Sir R. N. Chopra, etc.)
0
Surgeon-General Cumming of the United States Public

Health Service, says: -"Let me emphasize this fact: 1,-Ve
,should obtain our vitamins from our food supplies and not
from drug stores or from nostrum vendors; we need select
only the proper foods to eat, and we will get an abundant
.supply of these precious substances".- ("Drugless Road to
Perfect Health", by Joseph H. Greer, M. D . ) .
.
Vitamins exist in most of the natural foods, both animal
,and vegetable, particularly in glandular organs and products,
(e.g. milk, eggs, and liver, and in green grasses, vegetables
and fruits, and in the Embrayo and Hilla of Cereals and
Yeast). Vitamins are produced more in plants, from which
they pass directly with vegetable foods and indirectly with
,animal foods into the human system"; and it is from such
sources that milk-human or animal-obtains the high percentage of vitamins that is so valuable to infants and young
.animals.
It is found that food free from vitamins is apt to cause
diseases, generally known as deficiency diseases,-such as
scurvy beri-beri, rickets, eye,-diseases like Xerophthalmia or
Kerato-malacia, pellagra, osteomalacia, etc. and absence of
vitamins may even cause death. It is even said that without
VItamins, we slowly perish, physically and mentally. Vitamins
themselves do not contribute to the energy supply of the body,
but facilitate utilization by it of proteins, fats, carbo-hydrates,
and ,salts of food and vice-versa, i.e., they are complementary
-to each other.
..."The best and only certain source of all the. vitamins is
a well balanced diet; .therefore, a person in health with
proper nutrition does not require vitamin supplements. - Yet
'many persons, even in good economic circumstances, eat less
vitamin containing foods than, are necessary fOJ; optimal health.
No controlled evidence exists to show that vitamins exert a
'''tonic'' effect. There is probably much indiscriminate use of
the vitamin supplements. In illness.there may be considerable
variation in the body req_uirements depending upon age,
...-
..
APPENDICES
417
activity, diet, metabolic rate, and other factors affecting the

absorption, utilization and excretion of the vitamins. Vitamin
cleficiencies are usually multiple, particularly of fat soluble or
B complex vitamins as a group. Early signs of vitamin deficiency are usually non-specific, vague, mild, easily misinterpreted or missed entirely. The crude sources of the vitamins
are often more efficacious in therapy than the pure or
.synthetic. Only during the more severe phases of the
cleficiencies is it usually necessary to resort to the use of
"pure" vitamins. Treatment of vitamin deficiencies requires
an adequate, balanced, high protein, high vitamin diet, in
addition to necessary vitamin supplements. In general, it is
wise to use vitamins therapeutically in 5-10 times the amount
required for daily maintenance."-"Handbook of Medical
Management." (1951).
"Vitamins", ;>ays Dr. Hector Munro, a Harley Street
Specialist, "are nothing more nor less than stored sun-light.
The rays of light most valuable to health are those to the
right of the spectrum, and when these rays are excluded from
an area iri which a plant has been placed, the plant dies.
These rays are caught and held by the fruits of the earth and
are the vitamins of which so much has been heard, lately.
Oranges and lemons contain a higher percentage of stored
sun-light than any other fruits in the world."
"As regards the question of the vitamins i~ general, I am
of opinion that their importance is being over-estimated by
the public at the present time, or perhaps it would be better
to say, that the importance of making special provision for
them is over-estimated. If the diet is right in other respects,
and especially, if it contains a reasonable amount of milk,
animal fat, and green vegetables, then the Vitamins may be
left to look after themselves. Should you, however, fear that
the diet may be deficient in the most important of the Vitamins
~the fat-soluble---'I should advise you to supply them in a
natural form, such as fish-oil, rather than as one of the many
artificial preparations with which the market is now flooded."
(Dr. Robert Hutchison in "British Medical Journal",
10-3-1934) .
Isolation of a number of Vitamins in crystalline form,
recognition of various clinical pictures due to deficiency of
these vitamins, and standardisation of dosage in treating
these conditions, constitute an
important
advance
in
medicine during the past decade.
The subject of vitamin
deficiency,- however, has resulted in widespread exploitation
of the public and claims that are obviously extravagant are

27
418
constantly being made. The recognition and treatment of early

deficiency-states present many difficulties. Cayer has recently
brought the material together I in a compact form. He found
that single deficiencies rarely qccurred in men. For this reason, the clinical picture may pe exceedingly complex. It is
unwise to make a diagnosis 071, the basis of symptoms alone.
In patients who have an actual deficiency, satisfactory
response to oral therapy may be anticipated within 1 to 3
weeks. The physician should be familiar with the particular
product that he is prescribing and should compare the dosage
listed on the label with the therapeutic requirements given in
the following Table that was prepared by the Food and
Nutrition Board of the National Research Council:Daily Dietary Allowance of V'itamins for Adults
For
For
men women
weight weight Mini150 lbs. 120 lbs. mum.
Vito A. International Units. 5000.
5000.
4000.
1.5.,
1.
Thiamin, mg.
1.8.
Riboflavin, mg.
2.7.
2.2
2.
Niacin, mg.
15.
10.
18.
Ascorbic acid, mg.
75.
70.
30.
Vitamin D. Int. Units.
400.
Therapeutic Dose.
25,000.
10 to 20.
5 to 15.
100 to 150.
100 to 300.
("Pharmacology & Therapeutics", (1948) by Dr. M. A.

Kamath)
"Diets, deficient in one vitamin, are often deficient in
others. Test administration of one of the B. Group of Vitamins
gives more accurate information for diagnosis purposes than
giving of foodstuffs rich in all members of this group. If
deficiency of one member of this group is demonstrated, it
may be assumed that deficiency of the others either exist or
is near at hand, and the proper treatment would be;o provide
all the Vitamins in abundance. Not all the Vitamins are equally
important to ordinary rp.an, who is chiefly conce'r,ned with
A.B.C. and :p." All vitamins appear to function ~'epzyroes
or co-enzymes in important metabollic processes.
"Vitamins are non-amino acid organic compounds
supplying active groups in hormones, respiratory enzymes and
other substance's controlling the activities of the Body", that
lust be supplied to the org~ism roIl}- exogenous sources. "If
APPENDICES
419
a person with depleted body reserves of one of .the watersoluble Vitamins is given daily a dose representIng several
times the daily requirements of that Vitamin, most of it win
be retained in the body until the body reserves have been
built up, after which, the greater part of eac~ dose. will b~
excreted in the urine. Thus, by testing the urIne daily until
there is a sudde9 marked increase in its conten~ of ~he particular Vitamin, we can find.how much of the VItamIn had to
be given to saturate the body reserves, and thus obtain
a measure of the degree of deficiency. Such urine saturation
tests have been widely employed in nutritional surveys to
discover whether the diet has been supplying the deficiency
of a given vitamin."-(Pharmaceutical Pocket Book, 1944"
Page, 296).
"The body needs a wide variety of substances for repairs;
some of these it can manufacture, but other$ it has to obtain
ready-made. The latter fall into two groups, viz., those which
are stable, and those which are easily destroyed. Metallic
salts like those of iron are stable ones. The unstable group
of substances are present in fresh food, vegetables or fruits,
but are easily destroyed by processes used in food preservation,
and these are Vitamins. Both of these groups enter into the
composition of blood through the food stuffs, that animals eat.
But as VitaInins are produced only in plants, they pass directly
with vegetable food, but indirectly with animal foods, into
the human system. It has been observed that a total deprivation of these Vitamins in the case of rapidly growing animals,
(human beings also) lead to diseases, now known as 'deficiency
diseases',-the most common being, Scurvy, Beri-beri, Rickets
and Pellagra. Recent investigations have led to the discovery
of minimum human needs of the various VitaInins. It is
important to remember that the minimum requirement is not
the SaIne as the optimum supply. The aim of nutrition is
not to discover the deficient diets on which human beings
can manage to survive, but the diets optimum for the maintenance of full health and activity. The effects provided by
complete Vitamin-lack are much easier to recognise than
are the effects of partial deficiency; and these latter are more
important in the investigation of disease.
Vitamin deficiency may arise from three causes:
(1)
Deficiency of VitaInins in food; (2) Failure to absorb Vitamins
from food; (e.g.-Chronic gastritis may prevent the absorption
of water soluble Vitamins; obstrusive jaundice prevents the
absorption of Vitamin K.. leading to a tendency of bleeding
which is noticed in Cirrhosis of the liver). (3) Conditions in
which Vitamin needs are increas~d.
420
Though people are becoming more and more "VitaminConscious" these days, .it is advisable that they try, to obtain
them from a mixed diet rathet than from synthetic products
and Government will confer a boon on the people if it should
see that rationing is skilfully devised to ensure the distribution
of Vitamins.
'
N.H.-For details of sources of varied Vitamins, refer to
the Table at the end of this Appendix.
Vitamins have been classified as either Fat-soluble or
,Water-soluble:.
Fat-soluble Vitamins. .
Water-soluble Vitamins.
A: -Axerophthol.
B or BI (F) or Thiamin.
E.
EO! (G) or Riboflavin; Panthothenic acid.
K.
Btl (H) or Adermin; Pyridoxine.

B7 Nicotinic acid or Acidum
Nicotinicum or Niacin.
C 1 or Ascorbic acid.
Para-Amino-Benzoic A c i d;
Folic Acid; Biotin; Inositol;
Choline; or Hesperidin.
Table for Vitamin Measurements:1 Microgram = one millionth of a gram, or

1 Milligram = 320 International Units.
N.B.-Progressive research (scientific and medical) has
been fast changing the old conceptions about
Vitamins.
Vitamins are called fat-soluble, because they are
found in fats or oils of animals or plant tisSue. They
exist in that small portion of the fats wl;ich is not
saponifiable, i.e., they are not themselves fat.
Vitamins A. C. and D. and Calcium and Phosphorus
most directly influence tooth structure. Vitamins
A. C. and D. are all necessary for tht; proper building of the mineral salts into the living tissues of
the body. The Vitamins that a pregnant woman
needs are vitamiqs A. B .C. and D;
.. 1-" -
APPENDICES
421
The sooner the vegetables are cooked and eaten after they
are brought from the garden or market, the better. It must
be noted that prolonged cooking', canning or drying destroys
the Vitamins (except Vitamin "D") , even though all the rest
of the nutrition of the foods remains. Moderate cooking does
not kill all of them, though it weakens their action. Vegetables
are best cooked with a little moisture and fat.
A large
number of common ailments can be cured by improved
methods of cooking and dieting, and a higher standard of public
health and general fitness can be secured. But, remember
that the maximum amount of good is obtained from vitamins
present in food in the raw state. That is why Salads should
always be preferred to cooked foods.
Col. MacCarrison, the great Food and Nutrition Expert
has summarised the functions of Vitamins thus:-
1. Vitamins are constant constituents of living tissues.

Although present in very small amounts, maintenance of health
is dependent on. their action.
2. Vitamins themselves do not contribute to the energy
supply of the body, but facilitate utilisation by it of proteins,
fats, carbo-hydrates and salts of food.
3. Proteins, fats and carbo-hydrates and salts cannot
support life without Vitamins, nor Vitamins without these
proximate principles; they are complementary to each other;
without Vitamins, the body starves.
4. A distinct relationship exists between the amounts of
Vitamins required and the balance of food in protein, fats,
carbo-hydrates and salts, the efficiency of Vitamin depending
on the composition of the food mixture.
5. A distinct relation exists between the amount of
Vitamin required and the rate of metabolic processes.
6. Each Vitamin plays a specific part of nutrition.
7. It appears that Vitamin A. is associated with the
metabolism of lipoids and calcium, . as well as the chemical
re-actions requisite for growth and maintenance.
8. Vitamin B. appears to be associated with the metabolism of carbo-hydrates and with the chemical re-actions
and functional perfection of all cells, particularly nerve-cells.
9. Vitamin C. appe&rs to be associated with the metabolism of Calcium and with the chemical re-action of growing
tissues.
I
10. All Vitamins are concerned in the maintenance of
422
orderly balance between destructive and constructive cellular

processes.
11. One Vitamin cannot replace another, although its
function may be interfered With by the absence of another.
12. The final result of their deficiency is the same whatever be the degree of deprivatIon; the greater the deprivation,
the more rapid is the onset of symptoms due to it; the lesser
the deprivation, the slower is the onset of the symptoms due
to it.
.13. Each Vitamin exercises a specific influence on the

adrenal glands; the effect of their deprivation on these organs
is one of the most outstanding features of deficiency diseases.
14. Vitamins influence markedly the production of
hormones and all external secretions.
15. There is reason to believe that the capacity of any
given cell for work is impaired in proportion to the degree
of Vitamin starvation.
16. Vitamins aid the tissues in resisting Infection.
17. Vitamins, especially Vitamin B. induce in the human
and animal body a desire for food.
18. Vitamins are one link in the chain of essential
substances requisite for .harmonious regulation of chemical
processes of healthy cellular action. If the link be broken,
harmony ceases or becomes discord, as it may cease or become
discord, if any other link be broken.
19. The place of Vitamins in human economy must be
considered in connection with the metabolism as a whole, in
connection with their relation to other essential food requisites, with their relation to organs of digestion and assimilation and with their relation to endocrine regulators on
metabolic processes.
The Vitamins have special influences on the adrenal
glan~s. According to Dr. George. W. Orile, "The adrenal
gland is to the autonomic system, approximately 'l"what brain
is to the cerebro-spinal system. It forces the kinetic drive.
There are 35 nerve~ going through the adrenal." (<'Health and
Happiness", November, 1935, Pages 268 and 269), ~
VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF MAN

The following are the authoritative, summarised minimum
amounts considered necessary by the League of Nations'
Health Organisation and the optinial amounts suggested by-
APPENDICES
the National Nutrition
423
Conference for
Defence, U.S.A.
(1941):For a man of 70 Vit A. Vito B. Vito C. Vito D.

l{jlos.
LU.
I.U.
Mg.
I.U.
(Thia- (Ascor- Mg.
min) .
bic
acid) .
Ribo- Nicotiflavin nic acid.

(B 2 )
Mg.
Mg.
"Minimum requirements.
Optimal requirements.
3000.
5000.
300.
30.
700.
600.
500.
* 75.
3.3.
27.
{ 2:2.
f 23.18. *
*-
15.
"According to heavy, medium or light work.
VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS
The Food and Nutrition Board of the National Research
'Council (England), has recommended the following daily
allowances for the three best known members of the Vitamin B
Complex.
Thiamine.
(B 1 )
Mg.
Ribofla- Nicotinic
vin. (B2)' Acid.
Mg.
Mg.
-.-~----
Man (70 Kg.)

Moderatively active,
Very active,
Sedentary,
Woman (56 Kg.)
Moderatively active,
Very active,
Sedentary,
1.8.
2.3.
2.7.
3.3.
2.2.
18.
23.
1.8.
1.2.
2.2.
2.7.
1.8.
18.
Pregnancy ( Latter half,)
1.8.
2.5.
18.
Lactation,
2.3.
3.0.
23.
0.4.
0.6.
4.
0.6.
0.9.
1.2.
1.5.
6.
8.
10.
1.8.
12.
Children up to 12 years.
Under 1 year, .
1 - 3 years,
4 - 6 years,
7 - 9 years,
10 -12 years,
1.5.
1.5.
0.8.
1.0.
1.2.
15.
15.
12.
424
Children over 12 years (Girls) .

13 -15 years,
16 -20 years,
1.4.
1.2.
Boys.
13 -15 years,
16 -20 years,
1.6.
2.0.
--'1
-2.0.
1.8.
14.
12.
2.4.
3.0.
16.
20.
Mg. thiamine equals 333 International' Units.
Daily allowances of other Vitamins as recommended by. the National Research Council in 1948:Vitamin A. 5,000-8,000 I.U. P-P Niacin
HI Thiamin
1.2-1.8 mg. C. Ascorbic acid
H2 Riboflavin
1.8-3.0 mg. D.
10-20 mg.
70-150 mg.
400 units ..
There is no evidence of harmful effects from overdosageof any of the Vitamins except perhaps Vitamin D. and then
only when the diet contains excessive amounts of Calcium.
Even then the ill-effects can be counteracted by taking largeamounts of salads and green vegetables.
The best way to ensure adequate intake of Vitamins
(both known and unknown) is to eat "Whole'" foods or foods:
which have been processed as little as possible. If .a food is..
"refined" in some way, a valuable part of it may be removed,
and this part will almost certainly contain not only known
substances, but unknown substances, some of which may be
essential for perfect nutrition. Vitamin concentrates should
only be resorted to, when serious deficiency' is suspected, for
even the best of them can only make up certain deficiencies,
not all.
It should be realised that different samples vary greatlyin their Vitamin content. Moreover, in assessing the Vitamin
content of a diet, it should be remembered, (a) that Vitamin
A. is affected very little by cooking, but that Vitamins HI
and C, may be partly dissolved out in the cooking water,
(abc;mt one-quarter), and partly destroyed by heat ""(about 1
quarter); hence the Vitamin B I and C. contents' of foods;
may be reduced to one half size by ordinary processes of
cooking; and (b) it is not certain that man can maKe full
use of the carotene in vegetables and therefore the. Vitamin A ..
value of a vegetable to man is probably only about a half
or one-third of that indicated by a chemical determination of
its carotene content", (pages 767-768 of Martindale's Extra
Pharmacopoeia, Vol. II, 1943)1.
APPE~DICES
425
Prof. V. H. Mottram, the great European authority on

Nutrifion, who has done very valuable work on Vitamins
concludes: ,
On one occasion, he cooked butter for sixteen 'hours
at a temperature above the boiling point of butt~r. At
the end he found the Vitamin A. content was Just as
high as before. He found that Vitamin D. can stand
distillation qt comparatively high temperatures, and that
Vitamin B 1 . can also withstand boiling. His great conclusions have been that reasonable yooking destrc;>ys none
of the Vitamins except C., which is destroyed by prolonged
heat. Potatoes lose their Vitamin C. if cooked for 20
minutes, and then put in a hay 1?ox for six hours!"
The effect of canning on Vitamin contents has been shown
to be much less drastic than supposed. Canning or cooking
fruits may destroy up to 50% of their Vitamin content, in
sorlie cases much less. But an ordinary helping of canned
grape fruit still contains enough to provide a day's ration of
Vitamin C.
Great progress has been made in the production of
synthetic Vitamins and Vitamin Extracts, extremely valuable
for "fortifying" foods and for treatment of cases of Vitamin
deficiency. The isolation of Vitamin A. from liver oil should
result in less waste and greater use being made of, for instance,
fish livers.
Vitamin C. has been shown to be an important factor in
the healing of wounds and setting of bones. During the war,
there were many opportunities of discovering the effects and
deciding on the best ways to use the Vitamin for this purpose.
Every British soldier was provided with a box of 100 synthetic
Vitamin C. tablets, which ensured freedom from deficiency of
this Vitamin, when active service conditions enforced a diet
that might be lacking in fresh vegetables and other natural
sources .. Many chemical plants in Britain are engaged on the
large scale manufacture of the synthetic Vitamin, which
appears to be the same in every way, as the natural product.
It is important to distinguish between Vitamin "Extracts"

and synthetic Vitamins. Extracts are made from natural
products, rich in the Vitamin, the essential chemical being
concentrated. The synthetic Vitamin is made by following
an analysis of the structure of the chemical and it mav be
built up from the atoms in raw materials far removed from
the natural foods, which are rich in the Vitamin. The great
advantage is the enormous quantities that can be made,
426
quantities far greater than could be economically produced

from natural sources. Syntheti<r Vitamins will be. particularly
important in restoring health to liberated territories of the
World War II.
Man does not live by Vitaplins alone, but it has been
shown that these mysterious c4emicals play a vital part in
enabling him to make proper use of foods essential to health.
Ordinary man taking a varied diet is likely to get all the
Vitamins he needs without giving the matter a thought and
this, of course, is the ideal method.
There is still much to be discovered in this comparatively
new branch of dietetics. It is a fascinating study and is
remarkable for the minute quantities which can make all the
difference between good health and serious illness. (From
"Six Scientific Years"- (1946), by Prof. A. M. Low).
N.B.-For still more detailed information reo Vitamins,
readers are requested to read authoritative publications (Books as well as Journals) on Western
Materia Medica, Pharmacology, and Therapeutics,
and also the following publications, though small,
will be very useful: .
1. Booklet titled "Vitamin Products for Prescription
Use" published every; year by Messrs Eli Lilly
& Co., Manufacturing Chemists, Indianapolis 6,
Indiana (U.S .A.)
2. "V. D . H. Vitamin Products", booklet published
by British Drug Houses, Ltd., London.
.
3. "Vitapan:-New Combination of Vitamins",booklet published by Cipla, Bombay 8.
APPENDIX V.
VITAMINS &C., IN FRUITS AND DIETETIC ARTICLES
Articles.
'A'
'B'
'C'
'D'
'E'
'F'
Iodine
'"
contents
'G' per kilogramm~.
Alfalfa grass (dried) .

Almonds,
1.
Amaranth leaves,
Apples, (fresh)
3.
1.
2.
2.
L.
3.
1. ~3V.
..H....,....
Cont.ains
iodine.
427
APPENDICES
Articles.
'A' 'B' 'C'
Apricots,
Artichoke,
Asparagus,
(white, green),
"'Atta" see:-wheat
flour, whole
Bananas (raw)
(green)
.Barley, pearled,
Barley, whole
grain.
Beans cooked,
(string) ,
.
Beans dried,
Beans French, ..
Beans green, snap,
Beans kidney,
(dried)
Beans Lima,
Beans Navy,
Beans Soy, or
Soya,
Beans Soy, see:Soy beans
Beans String
(fresh),
Beans Sprouted,
Beef, lean,
Beef, fat, (suet),
Beet leaves,
(greens),
3.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
3.
3.
2.
3.
1.
2.
1.
2.
N.
2.
1,
1.
3.
2.
1.
2.
3.
L.
1.
1.
3.
2.
3.
~.
N.
3.
3.
....'>
* I.-Contains
'D'
2.
2.
1.
N.
2.
2.
'F'
Iodine
'G' contents
031.
1.
2.
3.
Contains
iodine.
0.32.
1.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
2.
1.
1.
3.
'E'
2.
2.
1.
N.
1.
3.
1.
the Vitamin~ 2.-Good source of the

Vitamin. 3.-Excellent source of the Vitamin. N.No appreciable amount of the Vitamin. D.-Doubt
as to presence or relative amount. L.-Evidence
lacking or insufficient. V.-Variable.
N.B.-If you desire to see a Table of Vitamins according
to the basis of International Units, and Micrograms,
Mi1ligrammes, etc., please refer to the Annual
Diaries published by the Teddington Chemical
Factory, Ltd., P.O. Box 229, G.P.O., Bombay, 1.
428
'A'
'B'
'C'I
Beets, (Beetroot) , N.
Beets, stems, .
1.
Beets, tops,
Blackberries, .
1.
Brains (Animal),
Bran of rice
(fresh)
2.
Bread, brown,
Bread, white
D.
(water) ,
Bread, white
1.
(milk) ,
Bread, whole, meal, 3.
Bread, whole wheat
1.
(water),
Bread, whole wheat
2.
(milk) ,
Brinjal,
3.
Brussels sprouts,
3.
Butter,
Butter, fats,
Butter-milk, or
1.
Sour milk,
Cabbage, cooked,
1.
(head) ,
Cabbage, fresh Raw,
3
whit~ & green,
2.
Carrots, cooked,
Carrots, fresh, raw, 3.
1.
Cauliflower,
Celery & celery
1.
root,
Celery bleached &
1.
stems,
Celery bleached
3.
leaves,
Celery green leaves, 2.
Cereals, whole grain
(unmilled) , .
3.
Chappati,
2.
Cheese, full milk,
(fresh) ,
3.
/ ..
2.
1.
1.
3.
Articles.
Iodine
'D' 'E' 'F' 'G' contents
2.
1.
1.
2.
ID.
1.
2.
2.
3.
1.
2.
1.
N.
1.
3.
D.
2.
D.
2.
2.
1.
D.
1.
N.
1.
3.
2.
1.
3.
2.
IV. 1.
2.
1.
3.
2.
3.
1.
3.
3.
3.
2.
2.
4.
2.
L.
L.
1.
3.
2.
3 (Bl).
2.
L.
1.
1..
..
:_
..."
1.
3.
3.
2.
0.21.
3.
2.
1..
2.
,<
1.
2.
APPENDICES
429
Iodine
Articles.
Cheese, cottage,
Chestnut,
Chillies, green,
Chicken,
Chocolate,
..
Citrus fruits,
Cocoa,
'A'
1.
L.
1.
1.
'B' 'C' 'D' 'E' 'F' 'G'Contains
L. L.
1. L.
....
oj
2.
1.
1.
1.
O.
1.
3.
1.
Cont::tins
iodine.
Cocoanut, dried &

fresh, resptly.
Cocoanut, milk,
Cocoanut, oil,
Codliver oil,
1.
1.
3.
2.
1.
L.
1.
3.
1.
Has vitamins in a small amount.

Coffee,
Coriander & its
leaves,
3.
3.
Corn, cobs,
2.
Corn, dried,
1.
1.
1.
Corn, meal,
1. 1. 1.
Corn, sweet,
1.
1. 1.
Corn yellow,
3. 2. 1.
Corn, maize,
(white) ,
1. 2. L.
Corn, maize,
(yellow) ,
2. L.
1.
Crab,
Cream,
3. 2. IV. 1.
Cresso,
L. L. 1. 1.
Cucumber,
1.
1.
2.
Curds,-See Dadhi.
Currants, black,
3.
Dadhi, (dahi) ,
i.e., Curds, . .
1. 1.
2.
Dandelion, Greens, 3. 2.
2.
Dates, (Persian),
3. 1. 1.
Dhal,
1. 3. 3.
Drumstick,
3.
Duck,
1. J.
Egg plant, dried,
2. 1.
1.
Eggs,
3. 2 (B 1 ) 1. 3. 1.
Contains
iodine.
1.82.
Contains
iodine.
430
'A'
Articles.
'E' 'C' 'D' 'E'
3. 2. iD.
Eggs, yolk,
Endive
3. 12. 2.
(Escarole) ,
' 3.
Fats, animal,
:<'igs, dried & fresh
respectively,
1. 1.
Fish, fat,
3. 1. L.
Fish, fresh, e.g.,
Hilsa,
3. 2.
Fish, Lean,
N. .1. L.
Fish, Liver oils,
Fish, Oils,
2.
Fish, Roe & fish liver
& oils,
2. 2. ID.
Flour, white,
L.
1. L.
Flour, whole
wheat,
N to 1.
2.
Fresh vegetables, green
& leafy,
3.
3.
Fruits, fresh &
juices,
3.
2. 2.
Garlic,
1.
1. 2.
Germ of rice, .
1. 2.
Gourd, bitter, ..
3.
Grams,
1. 2.
Grams, germinating, 3.
2. 3.
Gram, Bengal,
3.
3.
Ghee pure or butter
(clarified) ,
2.
Grape fruit,
1. 2. 3.
Grape juice, fresh, 1. 1. 3.
Grape juice &
grapes,
1. 1.
Greens,
3.
Green leaves,
3. 2. 2.
Groundnut,
2.
Guava,
1: 3.
Gurh or Indian
brown sugar,
1.
Halibut,
Halibut, liver oil,
3.
Heart (Animal)
1. 2. I
3.
'_
'G' Iodine
Contents
2.
2.
2.
3.
3.
3.
1.
1.
1.
2.
1.
iodine.
Contains
0.020.
2.
Contains
iodine.
.'-.'
'F'
3.
1.
3.
APPENDICES
431
"
'.A'
Articles.
Herrings,
Hickory nuts,
Honey,
Horse radish,
Husks of certain
seeds,
Jack fruit,
Kidney, (animal)
Kohlrabi,
Ladies' fingers,
Leafy vegetables,
Leeks,
Legumes, sprouted,
Lemon juice, fresh,
3.
L.
1.
3.
3.
2.
1.
3.
1.
L.
2.
'B'
'C'
2.
1.
L.
1.
1.
3.
1.
\ 2.
3.
1.
2.
2.
3. 3.
Lentils, dried, ..
Lettuce leaves, fresh 3. 3.
1.
Lichee,
L. 1.
Limes,
2. 2.
Linseed,
Liver (animal:s) &
liver extract,
~3. 3 (B 1 )
Liver-oils,
3.
Lobster,
Mackerel,
1.
Maize, (yellow) &
2. 3.
maize oil,
3. 1.
Mango, ripe,
Marmite (yeast
extract)
2.
Meat, goats',
1.
Meat, lean, . N to 1. 2.
Meat, underdone,
2.
Milk (Sheep's),
Buffalo's,
3: 1.
Milk, condensed,
3. 2.
Milk, Cow's,
3. 3.
Milk, dried (whole) 3.
2.
Milk, fresh, raw/
unboiled,
3. '3.
Milk, goats' &
sheeps',
'3.
1.
..
'D'
'E'
'F'
'G'Iodine.
Contents
1.
ID.
3.
1.
2.
2.
3.
?
w.
3.
2.
3.
2.
Contains
Iodine
-do-
1.
2.
3.
3.
1.78.
3.
Contains
iodine.
3.
1.
1D.
1.
2.
2.
1.
1.
3.
3.
1V.
2.
2.
2.
1.
3.
1.
-do-
432
Articles:
'A'
'B'
'C'
'D'
3. 2. ~.
M ilk,' 'scalded', .,
Milk skinuned ,
l.
2. 1;V. 1.
(c~w'S dried),
Milk, whole, raw,
2. 1. 1.
(dried) ,
3. 2.
Millet, (Ragi),
2. 1.
Molasses,
Mother's milk,
(human),
3. 1. 1.
Mushroom,
1. 2.
Muskmelons,
1. 1. 2.
2. 1. N.
Mutton Fat,
N.
Mutton, lean,
1. N. 1.
Nolkole.
1. 1. 1.
Nuts, (Ground),
2.
Oatmeal,
1. 2.
Oats, rolled, whole I.
3. N.
Oleomargarine,
Olive oil,
. Olives, ripe & dried,
respectively,
Onions, raw, N. to
Onions, cooked,
Orange juice, fresh,
Orange peel,
Oysters, (raw),
I.
I.
N.
1.
3.
2.
2.
1.
3.
I.
'F'
'G' Iodine
Contains
I.
0.009.
Contains
iodine.
1.
2.
N.
I.
1.
1.
2.
1.
3.
2.
I.
2.
Palm oil,
1.
Papaya ripe,
3.
Parsley,
3.
Parsnips,
ND.
Peaches, fresh
(raw) ,
1.
Peanut or Arachis
oil,
2.
Peanuts, (raw) ,
3.
Pears,
Peas, dried,
I.
Peas, green, fresh
& sprouted, . .
3.
Peppers, fresh,
'E'
1.
1.
1.
1.
1.
2.
Contains
iodine.
.1.
2.
2.
3.
3.
2.
I.
2.
2. L.
2: L.
1.
1.
2. L.
2.
3.
~
....
~~
0.017.
.<
C,pntains
iodine.
I.
1.
0.80 .
APPENDICES
Articles.
'A'
'B'
'C'
'D'
433
'E'
'F'
3.
2.
green,
1.
1.
Pigeon,
2. N. N.
Pig, kidney, fat,
Pineapple (fresh, raw),
OJ
2.
oJ.
2.
juice, etc.,
1.
1. L.
Pine nuts,
1. 1.
Plums,
see
rice polishings below.
Polishings of rice:
1. 1.
Pomegranates,
3.
Pomels,
2.
Porridge,
Potatoes (boiled
2. 2.
1.
10 min.),
Potatoes (white,
raw),
N to 1.
2.
2.
Potatoes, fresh,
. 1. '1.
1.
Potatoes, (boiled
2. 1D.
L.
1 hour,)
2. 1.
Potatoes, Sweet,
oJ.
Potatoes, white,
baked,
1.
2. 1.
Prunes, fresh & dried,
respectively,
3.
3, N.D.
Pumpkins,
3.
1.
1.
Radishes,
L.
2.
3.
Raisins,
L.
1.
1.
Raspberries, (fresh
or canned) ..
L. L.
3.
Rice-bran (See Bran of rice).
Rice-germ (See germ of rice) .
Rice-natural, brown
& red, whole,
3.
2.
2.
Rice-polishings, (See polishings of rice above).
Rice (unmilled or
I
unpolished), N to 1.
3. D.l.
3.
Rice (whole grain), 3.
2.
Roots, fleshy, ..
~.
1.
Root vegetables,
3.
Rutabaga,
N.D.
2.
3.D.
Rye, whole,
1.
3. L.
28 Ij
'G' Iodine
Contents
0.010.
')
Contains
iodine.
0.17.
434
Articles.
THE INDIAN: MATERIA MEDICA
'A'
'B'
'C'
'D'
'E.'
'F'
Contains
iodine.
1.
Sago,
3.
3.
Salads,
Seeds, (germinating),
3.
3.
(for sprouts),
2.
Shrimps,
Shrimps, Grey,
3.
Skim milk powder
1.
3.
Soji or semolina,
Sorrel,
Sour-milk, See Butter-milk.
2.
Spinach, cooked,
2. L.
3.
Spinach, dried,
Spinach, fresh,
3.
3.
(raw) ,
"J. 3. 3.
1.
Sugar, white, ..
Squash, (Hubbard,
yellow),
3.
1.
1.
1.
Sugarcane,
1.
Sweet breads,
1.
1. L.
Sweet potatoes,
3.
2. #2.
Tamarind, dried),
1.
1.
Tapioca,
1.
Tea leaves,
Contains vitamins in model:ation.
Tomatoes, (raw or
canned),
3.
3.
3.
Tomatoes, (cooked), 2.
3.
3.
Turnips, green,
(tops) ,
3.
3.
3.
Turnips, tops, ..
3.
3.
2.
1.
Turnips (yellow),
1.
2.
Turnips, (cooked)
2.
Veal,
L. 1. L.
Vegetables, green,
cooked,
2.
Vegetables, green & raw, '
fresh & leafy,
3.
2.
3.
2.
Vegetables, yellow, 3.
Vegetables, oils, N to 1.
1.
3.
Walnuts,
L.
3. L.
Water-cress,
'G' Iodine
Contents
3.
2."
3~
5.91.
0.12_
2.
1.
0.23_
2.
.,,-,
Contains
Iodine
APPENDICES
'B'
'c'
1.
1.
W ater-melons,
Wheat bran, &
2.
1.
embryo,
Wheat flour, whole
1.
3.
(Atta) ,
Wheat germs (germinated
J.
wheat) & their oil, 2
1.
'A'
Articles.
Wheat, whole grain,

Whey, cow's milk, 1.
Wine,
Yams,
Yeast & yeast
extracts,
YeHow corn,
3.
Yolk of eggs,
3.
'D'
2.
1.
'F'
'E'
'G' Iodine,
Contents
L.
')
1.
435
1.
3.
0.007.
3.
Contains
Iodine
3.
1.
1.
1.
)1'1iI'
'J
oJ.
3.
2
2.
Iodine containing Foods & Dietetics articles, other than those

listed in this Table.
(1)
Green. corn.
(2)
Green lentils.
(3)
Chestnuts.
436
I" THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
ui
S
cti
D
..-0
o
o
.......
,.Q
'.
U
ui
'1j
;....
Ctl
_Cll
.......
o ""'"
Ctl
U~
ui
'B
oS
......
o
APPENDICES
.,
Sl
437
As these are times of Food Shortage in India, and cries

()f "Eat More Fruit", "Drink More Milk," and "Eat More Fish"
are rampant, hereunder is given a 'Fish Food Value Chart',
for the attention of non-vegetarians to enable them choose the
'hest::
FISH FOOD VALUE CHART
Commodities.
1. Carp,
Vitamins. Protein.
A.B.
A.B.
2. Cat fish,
3. Crabs,
A.B.G.
- 4. Herrings
(Indian)
AB.D.
5. Jew fish,
6. Lobsters, ..
A.B.
7. Mackerel,
A.B.
8. Mussel
(Blue) ,
9. Oysters,
A.B.D.G.
1.0. Pomfret,
11. Prawns,
12. Ribbon fish,
13. Salmon,
A.B.D.G.
14. Sardine,
15. Shark,
16. Shrimps,
A.B.D.
17. Seer,
18. Trout,
A.B.
Fat.
19~~
1',;'
14'/<
21,/;
2'i;
17/~
Mineral
Nutrients.
Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper,
Sulphur,
Iodine.
-do~
-do~
-do19'~
11~1c
-do~
18.76;; 0.21 j1
16)!,
2,/<
19~{'
7%
9.~J7<
6 0l
Ie
20.30':1,
1.97J{
1 ?/,
2.60'/'
20.76~;;
O.fi9j!,
-do~
-do~
-do~
C.I.C.P.S.
18.11 'ft 3.24?1r

13'f,
22~1c
20.84'7j 1.93 'A
22.93';;' O.691,X
1'1;
25;;
22.45j1, :t06J~
10'l~
187<
(Hind Fisherman, Octr. 10th, 1951, Vol. 1, No.1, Madras.)

."..
Vitamin A:-This is anti-infective, and Fat-soluble,

existing in great proportions. in Cod-liver Oil and Shark-'iver
Oil,-is a stable non-nitrogenous substance which promotes
growth and prevents rickets in children and young animals.
Vitamin A. in the diet of infants, newly-born and growing,
strengthens and preserves the epithelial membranes, thereby
increasing their resistance to infective organisms, an.d when
sufficiently supplied to the P)'egnant 1)10ther, prevents only int
APPENDICES
439
Iection from developing in the mother. Therefore, this Vitamin is absolutely essential to the pregnant mother and the
growing child. Adults, however, need only a small quantity.
"Persons who are on normal dietary are not benefitted by
Vitamin A, even if it is administered in large doses". (Dr. H_
Y. Savnur). "It has got special action on the skin and mucous
membranes, which line the inside of the eyelids, the nose, the
air passages, the stomach, the bowels and the bladder; Le., it is
essential for maintaining the integrity of the epithelial linings
throughout the body and the proper structure and function of
the nervous system. "The healthy skin or mucous membrane
offers resistance to the entry of deceased germs into the.body."
The main sources of the active parts of this Vitamin are:Certain fats of animals,-except lard and vegetable fats-and
to a lesser extent from red fruits and vegetables. Cereals and
nuts are, in general, poor in Vitamin A. "'While vegetable
foods do not contain Vitamtn A. the yellow pigment (of plants)
. carotene, which is not easily affected by heat, but is said to be
destroyed by ultra-violet light; (whose character is proVitamin A., or the precursor or mother-substance of Vitamin
A."), which is pre"ent in many such foods, especially in the
yell9w of fruits,-m the Carrot from which the name of the
pigment is derived,-and in the vegetables, appears able to fulfil the physiological functions of Vitamin A. in the body.
"Vitamin A. is formed in the liver of the animal body from
the carotenoid plant pigments and crypto-xanthin, which occur
in green vegetables and cereals; but animals concentrate this
Vitamin in their fatty-tissues, Kupffer cells, in increasing
amounts, with increasing age upto adulthood. Chlorophyll in
green vegetables is an indirect source of Vitamin A. There
are four types of carotene, viz., a, Band y, and Crypto-xanthin,
of which a and B. carotenes are the most important. The carotenes are hydro-carbons, belonging to the class of terpenes."
In Cod-liver Oil Vitamins A. and D. are so proportioned
that no further supplementing of Vitamin D. is needed. In
the case of Shark-liver Oil, Vitamin A. is very predominant,
so that further supplementing of Vitamin D. will be needed to
render it more balanced. Fortunately concentrated Vitamin
D. preparations like Calciferol are easily available to do the
needful satisfactorily. Vitamin.A. requirements can be covered by the consumption of a suitable well-balanced vegetable
diet. Vitamin A. and D. tablets} prepared scientifically in
.Haffkine Institute, Parel, Bombay, are recommendable.
In western countries, a large proportion of the total Vita-
440
'THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
min A. activity of the diet is usually derived from Vitamin A.

contained in animal foods, which are comparatively expensive,
and there, pure Vitamin A. ha$ been sy.ntheti~ally prepared as
a crystalline substance, from the fish-lIver 011, notably of the
Shark and Halibut, the properties of which are identical to the
properties of natural Vitamiii A. :It is called Axerophthol.
Vitamin A. crystals are regarded as having 3 million International Units per 100 grams. While one millionth gram of
pure carotene is regarded as the International Unit of Vitamin
A. The International Unit (I.U.) , is the "Reference Cod-liver
Oil" of the U.S.P., which contains 3000 I.U. per Gm. The
International Standard Unit is one U, (0.001 mgm). "Some
Nutritionists regard that the daily intake of Vitamin should be
4000 International Units, while for optimal dose, 50% more
should be provided for healthy adults". "Over-dosing with
Vitamin A. or supply more of it at a time than can be utilised
or stored in a system, causes no toxic effects. The unassimilated portion is simply excreted out. . When oral administration
of Vitamin A. is not possible, it may be introduced parenterally
or subcutaneously". "Larger doses may be given without undesirable effects and are often advisable in the early treatment
of deficiencies. When relief of deficiency ~ymptoms has been
obtained, considerably smaller doses may be continued for long
periods". But, if Vitamin A intake is massive (e.g., 500,0001,000,000 J.U. daily), it may cause alopecia, itching, pone pain
from new growth of periosteal bone."
"Before World War II, we (Indians) depended for"
supply of Vitamins A & D. on Cod-liver Oil imported
mainly from Norway and later on from England. Codliver Oil was known from a very long time for its
growth-promoting and ricket-preventing properties.
During the early stages of Vitamin research, Cod-liver
Oil was thought to be a very rich source of Vitamin A.
& D. As there was no other method but the costly and
time-consuming biological method of testing and assaying Vitamins A. and D., other sources of these Vitamins
were slow to be found. But easier and quic~r chemical and physico-chemical methods were soon c;leveloped
for determining Vitamin A., and soon richer sources of
Vitamin A. were discovered. Cod-liver Oil on an average contains about 1000. International Units of Vit~in
A. per gram; never exceed 3000 generally. Halibut Liver
'Oil, on an average, 50,000 International Units per gram
and sometimes tops 300,000 Units. Indian Shark-liver
Oil averages about 10,~00 to 15,000 and at times reaches
.''''''
APPENDICES
441
200000 Units. To-day, therefore, Cod Liver Oil is consid~red, comparatively, a poor source of Vitamins A,
and D."
(U. Sunder Kini, B.Sc. (Hons) ,-In Souvenir of the V
South Indian Provincial Medical Conference, October 13th to
15th, 1950, pages 31, Mangalore).
Carotene (C' 40 H.ij6) is found in animals, in all greel)leaves, Carrots, Tomatoes, and many Red Fruits, and in plants ..
Carotene in crystalline form, when fed to animals, is converted
to Vitamin A. The conversion of Carotene into Vitamin A.
may be made in vitro by adding Liver-Extract. It is assumed,
therefore, that liver tissue contains an enzyme, carotenase,
which causes this distranformation. When oxygen is excluded, Vitamin A. is heat-stable, but it can readily be destroyed at
room temperatures when exposed to air So far as fruits and
vegetables are concerned, there is no serious injury to the Vitamin content from cooking or canning. But in the animal foods
high temperature in the presence of O. or oxidising agents des-'
troy it. "Carotene is useless to the body unless converted to
Vitamin A.; its estimation in the blood is, therefore, of little
clinical value. "Vitamin A. is readily stored up in the animal
body and the contents of yarious tissues and of milk, depends
to a considerable extent on the richness of food in this factor ..
This storage is only for some time. This Vitamin cannot be
found directly in the animal body. It is produced primarily
in the plant'.'.-"Health and Happiness", Novr. 1935, Calcutta.
Daily requirements of Vitamin A:-Though our knowledge'
of Vitamin A. requirements is at present, limited) a wellbalanced human diet should contain a daily minimum of 3,200'
to 5,000 International Units (1.8 mg.) or 4,000 to 8,000 units,
which equal 1-2 milligrams of the pure substance, or about
twice that weight of carotene (or 3 mg. of B.-carotene) for'
adults; 6,000 to 8,000 International Units for children and 5,000
to 6000 for pregnant women, and during lactation 8,000 I.U ..
"The Vitamin A. requirements of children appear to be as high
as those of adults, and since young children eat much less food
than adults, this food should be richer in Vitamin A. or carotene". Therapeutic dose is about ten times the above.
"For cure of keratomalacia or night-blindness, taking of
fresh milk, or Cod Liver Oil or fish-liver oil, or a large slice of
animal liver-raw or cooked-has been found useful". Clinical and experimental ev.idence indicates that Vitamin A. is
essential for normal function of the retina, and its use is
helpful in myopia, retinal and choroidal diseaSes". (Dr. R. S,.
Agarwal's "Mind and Vision". 1944-3rd Edition.)
-442
"Vitamin A. is synLl,.etised by many sea-fishes, which live

"on algae and their livers contain very rich stores of Vitamin A".
'''Pan or betel leaves (which are green) chewed after meals.
ensures the intake of Vitamin A. In the East, the easiest and
cheapest way of ensuring a sufficiency of Vitamin A. units is
to increase the intake of green vegetables the
greener the better, and the fresher the bette r ,-which contain greater proportion of Carotene." "Vitamin A. deficiency is common in India, and care must be
taken to ensure that diets supply a sufficiency of this Vitamin".
Diet, rich in Vitamins, especially Vitamin A. should be given
in all stages of pulmonary tuberculosis; because, the deficiency
.of Vitamin A. retards growth and lowers resistance to bacterial
infection".- (Dr. Priyo Gopal Mukerjee, L.M.F., Saranga P.O.,
(Burdwan Dt.)-Bengal), in "Medical Digest", March, 1937,
page 47, Annua! Special T. B. Number.
Vitamin A~:-has been isolated from the liver and other

.organs of fresh water fishes. This is not identical with Vitamin A., but is believed to have the same function of Vitamin A.
and occasionally in contra-distinction Vitamin A., is written
as Vitamin At.
Fats and oils of vegetable origin derived from oil-seeds
.etc., are in general devoid of carotene and Vitamin A. But,
Red Palm Oil, which is obtained from the fruit of the Palm,
Elasis guineens is grown in West Africa, Malaya and Burma,
is very rich in Vitamin A.
Vitamin A. occurs in pale yellow needle-like crystals melting at 5.5 to 6 degrees C. to an almost colorless viscous oil,
(also an unsaturated alcohol); volatile in super-heated steam.
-or in a very high vacuum. It is stable in oil al1;d fat solvents
and also fairlv soluble in water. It is less stable than Vitamin
D., being de~troyed by oxidation, when heated at ordinary
pressure. By passing oxygen th1'ough heated Cod Liver Oil,
Vitamin. A. is c01npleteLy dest1'Oyed. In butter, this Vitamin is
confined to the portion of the fat with low melting point and
is not destroyed by steam. Vitamin A. has been c0r:Rentrated
into a fraction of the unsaponifiable lipoides of Cod Liver Oil.
It is believed that it is a labile oxidation product of o)Sycholesterol."
.
The two substances, carotene and Vitamin A., generally
but not necessarily, occur in the same food-stuffs. Carotene
can be easily obtained, and puri'fied and has now been accepted as an International Standard for comparison of the Vitamin
,A. content of foods.
APPENDICES
443
Animals can obtain Vitamin A. from its precursors, or

"provitamines', the carotenes, (Q. V.). Carotene produces
,complete protection in animals on a Vitamin A. deficient diet.
Stability of Vitamin A:--Vitamin A. survives the high

temperature of distillation of concentrates, 137 under 0.00001
mm. pressure, and it is not destroyed by 01'dina1'y cooking processes, e.g., Milk does not lose" this Vitamin by boiling or pasteurising, but when evaporated by vacuum or aeration method,
it is destroyed, i.e., it is destroyed by drying or prolonged heating or cooking in contact with] ai1' or oxygen, e.g., prolonged
heating of ghee in an open pan at the frying temperature of
200C. may cause destruction of Vitamin A. The purest concentrates <;Ire also highly" resistant to aerial exidation at high
Lemperatures. Both canned and frozen foods retain their
Vitamin A. content for long periods, but rancid fats have a
catalytic effect on their decomposition. "Further evidence has
been obtained that the ordiriary process of boiling vegetables
does not decrease their Vitamin A. content. (Annual Report
for 1941, of Research Departments of College of Pharmaceutical Society. London and Cardiff).
Chemical Characters:-Vitamin A. is stable to heat, but
readily destroyed by acids, oxidizing agents (when impure) or
ultraviolet light. It can be got without Vitamin D. from concentrates of mammalian liver oil, and when pure, it is a pale
yellow viscous oit
There are three methods,-biological, physical, and colorimetric or chemical-available for the estimation of Vitamin A.
potency of fish liver oil. The last two offer advantages of speed
and reproductability, while the biological method is fundamentally more accurate and reliable".- (U. Sunder Kini, B.Sc.,
(Hons.) in Souvenir of the Vth South Indian Provincial Medical Conference, October 13th to 15th, 1950, (Page, 33), Manga lore.
. _
Standard of Vitamin A:-The International Unit is the

specific activity contained in O. 6 microgram (1 millionth of a
gram) of the standard preparation of pure B. Carotene. Pure
Vitamin A. has all activity of 3,00,000 units per gramme.,
Shortage of Vitamin A. causes:-Retardation or cessation
of growth and development, or wasting; reduced resistance to
diseases, (bacterial infections) especially, throat, lung. or
gland infections, bowel djsorders, (atrophy of the cells of the
salivary glands, the mucous glands of the intestinal villi), ear
and eye diseases (two typ~s of change of vision; xerosis or
xerophthalmia and keratomalacia exhibited by virulent con-
444
\ THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
junctivitis with corneal thickening and ulceration; cessation of

regeneration of the visual purp'le and so production of nightblindness in children), hyper-keratosis of the skin, i.e., "Toadskin" or dryness of the ski,p, an!lliability to popular eruptions;
drying up of glands and mucqus membranes; failure iIi the
development of bone and teeth; certain forms of diseases of the
spinal cord from degeneration of myelin sheath; anaemia; susceptibility to cold, catarrh, influenza, respiratory diseases; and
even pneumonia, (degenerative changes of keratinisation of the
epithelium in the mucous membrane, of the nose, trachea and
bronchi), tuberculosis, imperfect development of the periodontal tissues, kidney and bladder affection, paralysis of various types from demyelination of the- spinal cord; decrease in
number of blood-platelets; proliferation of cancellous at the
expense of compact tissue; development of phosphatic calculi.
Animals deprived of Vitamin A. become more susceptible to
bacterial infections owing to the degenerative changes in the
epithelial protective membranes of the body.
Vitamin A. contents of certain foods:-Milk 1 pint, Butter,
1 Oz., Carrots, (fresh or boiled) ! lb. Cabbage, (fresh or
boiled) ! Ib.=2000 units; one egg of 20 grams.=600 units; Cod
Liver Oil, per dram=200 to 13,000 units; Halibut Liver OiL
per drop (20 mg.) =600 to 1200 units.
VITAMIN B--is anti-neutrotic and anti Beri-beri or watersoluble, but not soluble in fat, is Nature's natural tonic health
Vitamin, that nourishes the nerves and muscles; that creates.
sound appetite; that off-sets constipation and its resultant ills;
prevents occurrence of Beri-beri in human beings, and ana10gous polyneuritis etc., diseases in animals; in short, this Vitamin
is necessary for the maintenance of life and health at all ages.
Vitamin D., which is isolated as its chloride-hydrochloride, is
essential for the proper metabolism of carbo-hydrate (of
especial importance to brain and nerve-tissue), its pyrophos-
phate ester forming the co-enzyme of the carbo-oxylase. "Vita. min B. is not destroyed by the ordinary process of cooking
though soluble in water. Therefore, the fluids from~e cook .
ed rice or vegetables should not be thrown off, fori' then the
Vitamin B. will go with them." In other words, if dce is subjected to several washings before consumption, a great proportion of Vitamin Bl it contains may be lost and there
also be a loss of mineral maHer. Vitamin B. is not a .simple.
one; it has been split up and synthetised. It consists of several factors,-ali of which are present in yeast extract,-which
have been designated as B. I , .B z,\ B.3 B. 4 , B. 5 , B.o, B. 7 , and
B. 12 It is found to some c!xtent in all natural food-stuffs,
will
II
APPENDICES
445
-especially ,in the seeds of plants, beans, nuts, fruits, etc., also in
.cereals and grains, not too thoroughly milled or fine. The jineT
the flour, the less are the Vitamins. Ce~'eals are good sour~es
,of B. Vitamins, which are concentrated m the embryo. MIlk,
,cheese, and' potatoes yield less anti-neutritic Vitamins; and it
is noteworthy that milk, which is a good source of most of the
important food ractors, is not rich in Vitamin B. l ; all whole
grain foods are rich in Vitamin B. I , while milled grains are
largely deprived of this Vitamin. An exception is parboiled
milled, rice, which retains Vitamin, B 1 , a/tel' milling. While
yeast retains large quantities of Vitamin, which will rapidly
cure experimental polyneuritis. This Vitamin is also washed
away fro~ vegetables cooked in an excess of water. Internal
organs of -animals fed on green foods, but not of fowls, contain Vitamins B. & C.
Vitamins B, and E'l factors are richly available in the
germs and outer layers of whole grain cereals and legumens,
beans, yeast and, pea-nuts, but are also present in green
vegetables, fruits (tomatoes, etc.), egg-yolk, liver,. meat
and milk, (especially, lean pork, liver and kidney). They are
absent in white oread bt~t present in wholemeal bread. No
natural tissue is a rich SotLrce.
Vitamin B. complex group is water soluble, contains a
large variety of different substances, especially of two factors,
one thermolabile and the other thermostable-all of which are
present in yeast extracts, rice polishings and liver, It contains
a number of distinct principles-the important ones being B!,
B2 and B2 complex, whiGh comprises Riboflaviil, or Lactoflavin; Nicotonic Acid, or Niacin, or Amide of Nicotinic Acid;
Pyridoxine (B1); Adermin; Vitamin H., or Biotin; Choline
Adenylic Acid, (a complex of adenin, ribose, and Phosphoric
Acid); Pantothenic Acid; Pamino-benzoic Acid; Inocitol and
Folic Acid. This group is a respiratory mediator concerned
with oxidation-reduction mechanism in body cells;
\
Vitamin B l ., or Aneurin or Thiamin Hydrochloride of
U.S.P. or Hydrochloride of RP.-It was held at one time that
the water-soluble Vitamin B. possesses both Anti-neuritic, or
Anti-neurotic and growth-promoting properties. But it soon
became evident that yeast behaved peculiarly under the influence of heat. When heated under pressure, yeast was found
to lose its Anti-neurotic properties, although it retained its
growth-promoting propert,ies. Steaming or ~xposure to moist
heat reduces the thiamin content of foods. From 1928 this
<:ame to be definitely recognised and the Anti-neurotic suh,stance b~gan to be caUed Vitamin B. or B 1 , and the growth-
446
,THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
promotino heat-resisting, water-soluble substance began to be

called Vit~min B!!, or G. Vitamin, B. or Bb latel" on came to
be known as Thiamin (Thiamine-Chloride), and amongst
pharmacists and pharmacologists, Vitamin B. or B l , is more
current as Thiamin. Small quantities of the crystalline substance representing Thiamin were obtained from very large
quantities of rice-polishings. This crystalline substance allowed of further examination and ultimately in 1936, a substance
could be built artificially in the laboratory step by step, which
was identical in every respect with the natural product. This
is Thiamin. So, B l , is also manufactured synthetically.
"Aneurine Hydrochloride: contains in 1 gram 320,001) units
of Vitamin B\, which is obtainable in tablets and in "sterile ac-'
queous solution in ampoules. The hypodermic route should
be used for administration in cases where the deficiency is due
to defective absorption as in pyloric stenosus or chronic diarrhoeas. Where there is loss of appetite and defecti\'e tone of
the gastro-intestinal tract, the parenteral route is also advisable. In other cases, it can be given by the oral route. No
evidence has been brought forward to show that over-dosage
produces any ill-effects".
"Though wheat-germ has been recommended as the richest
natural' source of Vitamin B l , recent research has shown that
this Vitamin is much more concentrated in the scutellum".
Vitamin B l ., or Thiamin deficiency causes.-Peripheral
neuritis; intestinal stasis; wasting (loss of tone) of the bowels;
retention of the putrid food residue and absorption of products
of putrefaction and auto-intoxication. Minor degree of deficiency in children causes retardation of growth, poor appetite,
constipation, neuritic ,pains and tenderness in the muscles;
Beri-beri characterised by anorexia, loss of flesh and strength,
poly-neuritis, oedema and bradycardia, neuritis of pregnancy
and the same ailments, which are due to want of Vitamin B.
Thiamine-is said to benefit various typ(es of neuritis, such

as those caused by alcohol, lead and a"rsenic. It promotes
peristalsis and maintains the normal nutritioif' of the gut;
Neurasthenia, neuralgia, peptic and varicose ulcers, atonic
constipation, pyelitis, vomitting of pregnancy, lack' of appetite,
chronic fatigue, eczema and cardiac weakness.
Yeast is a good source of Thiamin, next best to sprouted
'Mung', (green-gram) a familiar article of food in India. The
hydrochloride of Thiamin is taken as the standard and 3 micrograms are taken as corresponding
to 1 International Unit.
J
,
In deficiency of Thia:rg.in, a daily dose of 1 tablet, contain.. l,f_"'-
APPENDICES
447
ing 3 milligrams of 960 units, which is regarded as the normal

requirement of a man is administered, when the requisite
qtwntity cannot be easily obtained from available food sources.
Otherwise the daily requirement of adults is 300 to 500 units.
In pregnancy and childhood, it is greater. Still it varies greatly with different people, and in the same person at different
times; is greater when carbo-hydrates in the diet are increased,
and in alcoholics. As the body does not store this Vitamin,
but is rapidly excreted in the urine; so.it should be given
daily. Therapeutic dose is 3 to 20 times the above.
Chemistry of Vitamin Br.:-Vitamin Bh is isolated and
synthesised as a white crystalline powder and its chloride"
hydrochlOl~ide, and may be extracted from sources, in which it
occurs naturally, such as rice polishings, and yeast, or it may
be obtained synthetically. Crystalline compounds with hydrochloric, Nitric and Sulphuric Acids have been prepared. "It
is the thiazol derivative of 2-mythyl-6 amino-pyrimidine and
is a sulphur containing Vitamin. It is colourless, freely
soluble in water and may be obtained in a pure state by extraction from natural sources or by synthesis. In dry condition it
is stable at 100C. Destruction in cooking is not great unless
Sodium-bicarbonate is added to vegetable, but pressure cooking causes rapid destruction" .
. Character of Vitamin, Br.:-It is amino-peptide hydrochloride containing Cl. N. and S, and is a white crystalline
powder. It is readily soluble in water. Its odour and taste
are bran-like. It should be protected ,jrom light during
storage. It withstands bolling in acid medium, is more stable
than Vitamin C., but less so than other Vitamins. It is easily
destroyed by Oxygen in alkaline solution. "It is readily absorbed from the intestine and readily excreted by the kidneys
with limited storage in muscles, liver, kidney, heart and brain."
"Thiamine Chlodde--(Aneurin-Vitamin Br) is essential
for the normal intermediate metabolism of carbo-hydrate; i.e.,
it regulates the use of carbo-hydrate in the body. In its absence the splitting of carbo-hydrates stops with the formation
of Pyruvic Acid, a substance having a toxic effect on nerve
tissue. This would explain the frequent occurrence of multiple neuritis in alcoholic, who aside from their common dietary
deficiency obtain a large part of their caloric intake in the form
of carbo-hydrates or alcohol. Moreover, carbo-hydrate consumption creates the need for more than the average quota
of Thiamine. It has been shown that the multiple neuritis of
alcoholics is relieved by adequate amounts of Thiamine Chloride without abstinence from alcohol. Carol & Johnson have
.448
THE JNDlAN MATERIA MEDICA
shown that the toxic amblyopia of alcoholics behaves in every

respect like multiple neuritis yiEjlding to ~dequate amo~nts of
Thiamine Chloride even when the preVIOUS consumption of
alcohol is continued. Restoration of normal vision was rapid
in early cases, while in later case~ it occurred more sloW;ly and
was often incomplete. After satllrating the patients with Thiamine by oral doses or by intra-muscular injection fairly large
doses were continued for long periods. Since it seemed possible that often fractions of the Vitamin B. (Complex), might
be of value in protection or restoration of damaged nervous
tissue they advocated the use of Vitamin B. (Complex), in
addition to crystalline Thiamine Chloride. Vitamin Bl is to
be found inter alia in whole cereals, pulses, nuts and yeast.
The very definite results in toxic amblyopia have stimulated the use of Thiamine Chloride in other forms of optic neuritis of both the typical and retro balbar fonus. This treatment is given in addition to any other treatment indicated by
the supposed cause of the disease. While the evidence in these
forms of optic neuritis is by no means so concluSive, as in '
cases of toxic amblyopia, due to the tendency of optic neuritis
to improve spontaneously, there seems to be no contra-indication to employing Thiamine Chloride in all cases, since a deficiency may be a factor in certain cases and an extra supply of the
Vitamin may be of value in restoration of nerve tissue when
damaged by various agents. There is even some evidence that
the lesions of multiple sclerosis recover more quickly with less
likelihood of recurrence when large doses of Thiainine Chloride are provided." ,
"In the conditions mentioned above, 20 to 50 milligrams
(6,000 to 15,000 I.U.) is adv.ised to be given daily by intramuscular or intra-venous injection during the first week, when the
dose may be cut to 10 Mg. a day by injection, or considerably
larger doses by the mouth as absorption by this route is incomplete. Oral dosage should be continued for long periods
in amounts of 10 to 15 Mg. per day".
("Pharmacology & Therapeutics), (1948) by Di-. M. A.
Kamath).
,
"The daily' average requirements for an adult is ~bout
1.2-1.8 Mgm.; infants require about i of this amount, ana the
requirements in pregnancy and lactation ,are 5 times the
normal adult average. In pregnancy large amounts of Aneurine are required and it is believed that the poly-neuritis of
pregnancy is a result of aneurine deficiency. Increased physical work, pregnancy an!. hyper-thyroidisffi necessitates in-
APPENDICES
\
r
449
creased intake, as the, utilisation of anuerine is directly related

to that of carbo-hydrates."
Standard and Dosc:-"The International Unit is defined as
the anti-neuritic activity or potency of 10 Mg. of the absorbate
of Vitamin Bt, or of 3 grams of pure B I , i.e., 300 I.U., equals
1 Mgm; or pure crystalline Vitamin Bl has an activity of 500
I.U. per Mg. The minimum daily requirements for an adult
of 17 kilo weight (U stones) on 3000 calories a day is approximately 300 I.U., or 1 Mgm., but 500 to 700 LU. is desirable.
Infants need 50-60 LU. (0.2 Gm.)".
Vitamin BI may be administered by the mouth in the form
of solution or tablets, or may be administered by subcutaneous, intra-muscular or intra-venous injection. Parenteral
Therapy is suitable to cases where gastric secretion of hydro<:hloric acid is effective.
Doses:-Prophylactic, daily 100 to 200 units; Imperial
,1/200 to 1/100 grains; or 2 to 10 Mg. (1 Mg. is equal to 500
Units.) In deficiency state 2 to 4 Mgm. are usually required
to secure rapid improvement. However, in doubtful cases,
large doses, 10 to 20 Mgm. may be given for a week before the
t.aerapeutic test is held to be negative. Aneurine should be
given to all cases of alcoholic peripheral neuritis and heartfailure. It should also be tried in all cases of peripheral neuritis and myocardial weaknesses of obscure origin".
Vitamin 8 2 , or Riboflavin, or originally identified as Lactoflavin or Vitamin G.:-The heat destructible or labile active
constituent of autoflaved yeast has been named B l , or Thiamine. The heat stable proportion came to be known as B 2
But, later on, it was observed that this B2 was not a single
Vitamin. Still further researches established the existence of
a water-soluble Vitamin G., which was later on found to be
the same as B 2 It was for some time only that B2 or G
Vitan1.in were held to be identical. Afterwards B2 was found
to have something more in addition to Vitamin G. and Vitamin
B2 was found to be complex substance containing several Vitamins, and also an important food factor. The name "B2
Complex" could not continue for long, because, out of these
(!omplex Vitamins more and more Vitamins began to be identified. At present the name Vitamin "B2 Complex", is used for
several Vitamins (at least 9 or 10 chemical compounds) and
the name B2 is reserved for (old Vitamin B.), a pure substance
now named 'Riboflavin'. Therefore, Vitamin B 2 , Vitamin G.,
Lacto-flavin, and Riboflavin are synonyms of the same substance. The name Riboflavin has become more common, just
29
450
THE INDIAN M.(I.. TERIA MEDICA
as Thiamine is now current in place of Vitamin B J The substance belono"s to a group of cOlnpounds known as Flavins. It
was named Lactoflavin, or Ovpfiavin according to its source,
milk or egg.
"Riboflavin functions primarily in tissue respiration enzyme systems concerned with 'oxygen transport. It is readily
absorbed from the intestine, has limited storage in the body,
and is excreted in the urine. No toxicity has been reported."
Vitamin B~:-All cereal foods, roots, tubers, fruits and
grains are poor sources of Vitamin B~, milled rice being the
poorest; because, it is a substance in rice-polishings, i.e., the
outer, coating of rice and wheat. Yet, Vitamin B~, or Riboflavin is widely distributed in plants and animals, and is needed for growth. Similarly as the coatings of all cereals, contain Vitamin B., care should be taken to see that nothing of the
coating of the cereals is removed during husking. The more
the coating is retained, the better the food value it has. But
B:J occurs in eggs, milk, yeast, kidney liver and yellow pigment of tubercle bacillus. Richest sources of Riboflavin are
dairy produce, (milk), meat, eggs, liver, fish, tomatoes, peas,
" cabbage, and spinach and green' leafy vegetables. Yeast is
usually not as good a source of Riboflavin as wheat germ, but
'can be made so by being cultivated under certain conditions.
"Plants manufacture Vitamin B. Men and animals derive
it from plants. But unlike Vitamin A., plants do not have it
in leaves so much as in the seeds, confined in their coatings OJ:
outer coverings. It is, hm'lever, present in leaves also. The
more important an organ is, the more Vitamin B is utilised
and therefore stored by it. It is! more plentiful in the brain
than in the heart, liver, kidneys and other organs of the animals. Organs containing Vitamin B., if used as food supply
Vitamin B. Though hand-pounded rice contains Vitamin B. to
a sa~!sfacto1"!J extent, if it is also subjected to some degree of
polishing, it is no better than milled rice.
Human system cannot store up a reserve of Vitamin B. It
must be replenished daily. That is why doctors m-ge the eating of some food every day, which contains Vitamin B. Daily
requirement is believed to be 1 to 3 Mg.
Chemistry of Vitamin B~:-"It crystallises in yellowish
b~own needles with no sharp melting point; its solubility is
slIght, (2.5 part per 1,000 at 25C). It. is soluble in fat solvents and is stable in strongly acid solution "and unstable in
alkalies, when exposed to light or irradiation with ultra-violet
light. It should, therefore; be-- stored in amber coloured am-
APPENDICES
451
poules." For~ula of Vitamin, Bz is 6-7 dimethyl 9 (Bl ribitil),

isoalloxazine. The Bourquin-Sherman unit is equivalent to
2-2.5 micrograms of Riboflavin. B2 has for some time been
recognised as consisting of at least three parts:- (1) Riboflavin,
~for which the synonyinn Vitamin BO! may be retained.
(2)
Nicotinic Acid, previously known RS the PP factor. (3) Pyridoxine, previously known as Vitamin, B(;. It is also a watersoluble pigment giving a yellow solution and having a yellow
green fluorescence.
Daily requiremellt:-The general requirement of Riboflavin is g times that of Thiamin or nearly 4i milligrams per
day for adults; 450 units (0.9 to 1.2 Mgm.) daily by boys and
girls under 6 and 7 years; 7 to 10 years require 540 units
(1.08 to 1.32 Mgm.); and adults require 600 units or 1.2 to
2.5 Mgm. up to 5 milligrams even.
Therapeutic Dose:-Up to 10 times the above.
Synthetic Vitamin B~.:-Riboflavin-5-phosphate, the form
in which the body uses Vitamin, B 2 ,' can now be synthesized
on a large sCale. The new process is reported by two chemists
of the Hoffman-La-Roche Pharmaceutical Co., at Nutley, New
Jersey, In the body phosphorus is added, maKing Riboflavin
more soluble without interfering with its biological activity.
It is this soluble compound that the new chemical process
produces. lJiboflavin-5-Phosphorus will be put to greater use
in medical research, since the soluble material can be injected
into the blood stream in large quantities than possible before.
It also can be administered in liquid drops to babies providing
them with an adequate supply of this vitamin.
Riboflavin
itself is synthesized in large quantities in the United States to
enrich bread and other foods.
Synthetic Riboflavin-5Phosphate also has been prepared before, but only in small
quantities, and only recently in a pure State." ("India International", January, 1952, page 47).
I
r
Shortage of Vitamin, B., B~., and B. Complex caltses:Ariboflavinosis; Mal-nutrition; lack of body resistance; taste
for unhealthy things; complete deprivation causes Beri-beii or
poly-neuritis; while partial lack results in peripherial neurotis
and cardiac vascular depression etc., abnorn'lalities; nerve
complaints; loss of appetite or depraved appetite (anorexia);
dysphagia (with gastric discomfort and malaise) or ~astro
intestinal derangement, (diarrhoea, indigestion, constipation
pellagra, mucous collitis imd worms); failure of growth, los~
of weight, weakness of heart and lack of vigour or lowered
vitality; nerve complaints; headache, anaemia and unhealthy
452
skin; Edema weakness of eye-sight; conjunctivitis with

photophobia, ~ccommodation defects, etc., "Soreness" of the
angles of the mouth (Cheilosis) and th,:, tongue; a syndrome
characterised by thickening and cracking of the lips and by
corneal and by lesions; it occurs most commonly in those
whose diet consists largely of milled 17ice. Rapid cure follows.
the daily consumption of half tp 1 oz. of' dried yeast, half to
one pint of good milk, or 2 to 3 eggs.
Deficiency of Vitamin B. in a child's diet makes it indifferent, lazy, and predisposed to infection, e.g., tuberculosis
and common colds. "Lack of Vitamin B. along with insufftciency of iron in the food .of pregnant woman and the mother,
has s.omething to do in the production of pregnancy and
pnerperal (after-delivery) anaemias. Therefore, the food of
mothers must be rich in Vitamin R, so that they may pass
on more of it to the infants they suckle. Shortage of Vitamin
B. is disastrous to children.
Shortage of Vitamin B:.!. causes:-Rosacea Keratiti&; angular stomatitis; seborrhoea; dermatitis; purple glossitis;
fatiguability; lack of growth in children. Administration is
said to benefit pernicious anaemia and sprue.
Vitamin B. Complex are all water-soluble.
Vitamin B 2 Complex is a group including:-(a) RiboHavin: ("Lactoflavin or Lactoflavine, Vitamin G., yitamin ~.)
a water-soluble yellow crystalline substance (pigment)
responsible for growth-promoting properties, first isolated from
milk (lactoflavin). It is also found in yeast, milk-whey and
lIver extract. When its phosphate is conjugated with protein, it forms the "respiratory enzyme" of the tissues, which is
essential for the oxidation of carbohydrates, aldehydes,
lactic-acid and amino-acids. The alkaline solution of Riboflavin deteriorates if exposed to light. Dose: -Imperial 1/60
to 1/6 grain; Metric 0.001 to 0.01 grm. Riboflavin's phosphoric
acid, ester or niacin, or nicotinic acid, or wiacinamide, or
nicoti1J.amide, or nicotinic acidamide ["Pellagra-preventing
factor- (P. P. factor) ,] pyridine-m-carboxylic acid, also consists of white crystals or crystalline powder with a feebly acid
taste (for more details. refer Vitamin B,. also). It. is soluble
in 75 parts of water a't I5C., and readily soiuble in boiling
water and alcohol (95%.)
~
Dose of Nicotillamide:-l\'letric 0.02 to 0.1. ,grm. Imperial
1/3 to H Gr. (B.P.) form an essential part of the active group
of various oxidizing enzymes. Niacin or Nicotinic Acid in doses
of 25-20{) mg. or more givep. orally or I.V. improves, within
APPENDICES
a few days, Dermititis, Stomatitis, Vincent's Angina, POl"phyri nuria, Diarrhoea and nervous symptoms of Pellagra. If initial
doses cause cutaneous vasodilatation, itching of the erythematous areas, facial flushing, burning, faintness, sensation of
warmth, administration is withheld for 2 days. It prevents
porphyrinuria caused by sulphanilamide treatment. Nicoti1Ulmide or Niacinamide which is used to prevent and treat
Pellagra, does not cause vaso~ilation and itching of the skin,
as nicotinic acid may do, and so it is preferable to the latter,
'01' hypodermic administration."-(Dr. R. V. Savanur.}
The
richest sources of Nicotinic Acid are: -yeast, lean meat offals,
especially livers; meat, fish, wheat-germ, soyabeans, whole
grain cereals, peanuts, potatoes, dried separated milk, fruit
juices, dried eggs, rice, bran and whole wheat. White bread
contains smalley quantities than whole meal.
"
"Niacin and Niacinamide (P-P Factor) vitamin functions
primarily in the eRG metabolism enzyme systems concerned
with hydrogen transport and glycolysis. It is a component of
respiratory coenzymes I and 11."
Mass Prc'duction of Niacin:--"Niacin is also an important
member of the Vitamin B. Group and is used in enriched
bread, in Pharmaceuticals etc.; Until now, it has been made
from quinoline 01' pyridine, which are derived from coal during
eoke production. The output is rather small. A new raw
material from which Niacin can be produced is two-methyl
five ethyl pyridine made by the reaction of acetaldehyde and
ammonia. Both chemicals are obtained in tremend0us "quantities from petroleum and natural gas. The entire demand
for niacin could be met from less than a tenth of one per cent
of the total supply of these basic chemicals." (Page 19 of
April, 1952, "India International", Bombay, 14).
(b) Pantoyltaurine: is a substance experimentally
found to act on sulphonamide-resistant strains of streptococcus, and on B. Diphtheriae, etc.
(c) Inositol:-This factor is essential to mice and like
choline is a "lipotropic Vitamin B. Complex Fador" or
"Alopecia Vitamin", which prevents or cures fatty infiltration
of the liver. It is a normal constituent of all plant and animal
tissues. The precise indications of this in animal physiology
have not as yet been determined, though it has been suggested
that it may be essential, with pantothenic acid, for Honnal
gastro-intestinal functions.' "A variety of -pathologieal conditions have been suggested to be due to lack of this Vitnmin,
the administration of which effects cure or improvement in
such conditions. These are alopecia, and 'Spl~"Ctacle eye' in
454
rats as well as pruritus, and atrophic gastritis in man. :~ is

also said to inhibit tumour growth and to prevent deposltlon
of fat in liver and other organs in man. Owing to almost
universal occurrence of this Vitamin in animal and plant
tissues, the deficiency of this Vitamin, is not commonl?! m~t
with in man." "It is believed that deficiency of Ino:-ntol m
animals results in falling of hair, and is a factor for growth
and health and for fat metabolism." But, Drs. M. Chatton,
S. Margen and Hr. D. Brainerd opine that inositol's role in
human nutrition and its use in liver disease are still entirely
unclear.
(d) Para-amino-Benzoic Acid:-is widely distributed
over the entire plant and animal kingdoms. It is necessary for
growth and normal oigmentation of animals. As a possible
member of the Vitamin B. (complex), it has been studied
because of the discovery of its specific neutralising power on
the bacteriostatic effects of sulohonamides. After it was
isolated from yeast, its essential ne~d for cell-life became more
probable. It is recognised as an effective anti-ricketsia agent.
Therapeutically the greatest use of Para-Amino-Benzoic

Acid has been made in the treatment of louse-borne Typhus
in Egypt and Rocky Mountain spotted-fever in children. It
was found that the course of the disease could be favourably
modified provided the drug was given within the first week
of the illness. Large doses, 24 to 48 grammes daily in fOUl:
divided doses, every two hours, were found necessary to give
a blood concentration between 10 and 20 Mg. per 100 cc.
Toxic reactions were not seen. Average daily dose is
about 30 grammes in solution with Soda-bicarb, given in foul'
doses every two hours. In children 2 or 3 grms.
On more or Jess emoeric grounds DRY and others
administered simultaneously Para-Amino-Benzoic Acid and
Sodium Salicylate to cases of rheumatic fever, which had noc
respoIl:ded to a liberal intake of Salicylate alone. The clinic(itl
response was dramatic and complete. It has been found that
P-A-Benzoic Acid modifies the formation of melanin< the hair
pigment and that it darkens the hair of grey-haired persons
when given in 100 Mg. doses, twice a day for 6 to 8 months.
(e) Folic Acid: (Pteroylglutamic Acid}:-Once known
by the name Vitamin M. or Vitamin BC. or 'L. Casei Factor,
strictly, is a bright orange-yellow crystal1i:b.e substance.
isolated from spinach, and found to be growth factor for
Streptococcus lactis R. (S . .Faecalis) and for Lactobacillus
casei. Folic At!id exists nat~.~ally in conjugate form in yeast,'
.''''-
APPENDICES
455
liver, kidney, milk, grasses, mushrooms and green leaves.

"Folic Acid compounds have been studied under severa]
names and the following are now known to be Folic Acid
variants:-Vitamin M; Vitamin BC; Vitamin B lO ; and
Blh "eluate factor" (from liver), and the "L. Casei Factor",
"Recently a compound which is identified with "L. Casei
Factor", isolated from liver has been synthesized. Experimental studies indicate that there are at least three or more
compounds occurring in natural materials with Folic Acid
activity in different species.
Folic Acid is also supposed to be pteroyl glutamic acid,

having glutamic acid joined by a peptide linkage to the
carboxyl of pteroic acid, which in pteridine and P-aminoBenzoic Acid (a compound of Pteridine and Glutomic Acid).
It has been synthesized and isolated from liver and yeast, as
Vitamin BC. Though active in causing red cell formation, it
is not the true 'anti-pernicious anaemia factor' of liver, and
it does not prevent the nerve degeneration, which often accompanies pernicious anaemia, Pteroyl diglutamyl glutamic acid
(from fermentation residues of certain bacteria), and pteroyl
hexaglutamyl glutamic acid (Vitamin BC conjugate from
yeast) are also known. It has been suggested that sulphonamides act by preventing bacteria from synthesizing Folic Acid,
which is essential for their growth."- (Pages 973 and 974 of
Cham bel" s Technical Dictionary, 1949).
In man so far no instance of natural Folic Acid deficiency
has been described. In the experimental animals, the outstanding feature of Folic Acid deficiency is leucopaenia.
Folic Acid seems essential for the metabolism of bone
marrow cells of all series. It is used for the treatment of
anaemias, which can be grouped under Addisonian pernicious
anaemia and some other nutritive marcocytic anaemia (e.g.,
sprue) accompanying sprue and pellagra, and anaemia secondary to cirrhosis of the liver. It has been found useful in
nutritional diarrhoea and coeliac disease. Non-megaloblastic,
macrocytic anaemias do not respond to liver extract, and
therefore Folic Acid will not replace liver-therapy in all
cases. Folic Acid is of no value in iron-deficiency anaemia,
in anaemia due to hypoplasia or aplasis of bone-marrow, in
leucaemia and certain other megaloblastic anaemias.
"The need of Folic Acid in human nutrition has not been
established. Indications are that it plays a fundamental role
in blood formation. The synthetic compound has been
reported to have anti-pernicious anaemia activity when administered in large doses; but there is no evidence that it is
456
identical with the anti-pernicious anaemia factor in liver extracts. It has also been effective experimentally in other
macrocytic anaemias, nutritional anaemia and anaemia of
pergnancy and sprue". (Moor 1 1945; Sharp, 1943).
10 to' 20 Mgm. of Folic Ad~d by mouth daily causes the
following effects in pernicious anaemia; prompt reticulocytosis
within 5--10 days, change of megaloblastic bone-marrow into
normoblastic one and improvement in all clinical symptoms
. except those of the C.N.S. The peak response in reticulocytosis is rather weaker than that with patent liver extract
and though the regeneration of Rb. and R.B.C., at the start
is as good as with a patent liver extract, the maintenance is
not so good as with liver extract. Neurological symptoms do
not improve and may actually arise during Folic Acid Therapy. 'Folic Acid should, therefm'e, be never used by it.self
in pernicious anaemia.
Folic Acid is also useful in nutritional macrocytic anaemia,
macrocytic anaemia refractory to liver therapy and in, sprue
and idiopathic steatorrhoea. In the last two, there is clinical improvement without any effect on fat absorption and
without any definite haematological response.
10 Mgm. of Folic Acid by mouth is eqivalent to 6-23 Mgm.
of Vitamin Bl~, intramuscularly. (Dr. V. N. Ashtaputre,
M.S., in Magazine of 'Miraj Christian Medical School', March,
1951, p. 24).
Hamilton Fairley in "Practitioner", October, 1947, reports
the efficiency of Folic Acid in tropical sprue and anaemia,
and Black and Stanbury report in "Lancet", dated 14-6-1947,
two cases of agranulotosis said to have been cured by Folic
Acid. Further clinical research reo these diseases bv Folic
Acid treatment is needed to arrive at final conclusion~.
N. B.:-A comprehensive review of the development of
Knowledge about Folic Acid has been published by Drs.
Berry and Spies and ariother, appears in UNRRA Bulletin.
(f) "Choline occurs in nature as a constituent of phospholipids, is a methyl donor, and is related to the me"iabolism
and distribution of fats. It has been termed a 'lipotropic'
growth factor, being concerned in the prevention ana restoration to normal of livers, affected by fatty infiltration. -leis
essential for the metabolism of-natural fat and cholesterol. It
has a lipotropic action and helps the liver in the transport and
utilisation of fatty acids. It maintains normal kidney structure. It protects the liver from the action of toxins and
APPENDICES
451
poisons; and its deficiency plays some role in the causation of

cirrhosis of the liver.
. In ordinary mixed diet of man its deficiency is unlikely
to occur owing to wide distribution of this factor in animal and
vegetable foods, yeast egg-yolk, nerve tissues; liver and wheat
germ, which are rich s.ources of these Vitamins, though. it ~s
also present in green and leguminous vegetables; mIlk IS
however not a rich source and the suggestion that a diet of
cow's milk and a B. coli infection may be responsible for infantile cirrhosis of liver, merits consideration".
"Choline is essential for certain other functions in animals such as, normal nutrition of the chick and for egg production, for the prevention of perosis or slipped tendon in the
birds and for the lactation and normal nutrition of rat. In
addition,. Choline is utilised in the animal organism for the
formation of acetyl-choline. Choline requirement of dog is
about 35 mg. per kg. of body weight daily; that of chick is
75 mg. daily. Generally speaking, the young growing animal
needs more of it than the adult. Dogs made artificially diabetic have also been found to require Choline",-("Treatise
on Tropical Therapeutics", 1950). Large doses of Vitamin B.
(Complex) along with protein diet were used by Patak and
others in the treatment of cirrhosis of the liver and good results
have bE;en claimed with this treatment. The diet given contained proteins 139 grm., fat 175 grm., and carbo-hydrate 365
grm.; total caloric value 3600. Yeast is given in doses of 25
gnn. daily. Vitamin B. is injected daily in doses of 5 mg. and'
a crude concentrated liver extract. (5 cc.) is injected twice
weekly. Choline has proved useful in two cases of Icterus
gravis neonatorum. It was given in doses of 5 grm. daily.
Choline is changed into Acetyl Choline in the body.
D. S. Balasundaram of Madras reports in "Indian Medi,
cal Gazette", December 1947, the good results occurred in
cirrhosis of the liver, both of the adult and infantile type, by
treatment with a standard patent Choline preparation.
Therapeutic doses of Choline have been administered
orally and intravenously in the form of Choline-chloride, 0.33
grm. to infants daily, and from 1 to 8 grm. to adults. Since
Choline is known to be a circulatory depressant its parenta1al administration is not without danger. Orally too,-it
should not be given on a fasting stomach.
The latest advance in the treatinent of cirrhosis of the
liver in the adults cons4;tS in the administration of MethioninE'
2 grms. daily, and Choline-chloride 2 gnus. daily. SpeciaI
liver extracts enriched with Vitamin B. (Complex}-patent
458
preparations manufactured by reliable Firms, may also be

_given, strictly according to instructions therewith, for cure.
N. B.:-The question hks been raised whether Choline should be considered a Vitamin and a member of
B.-Complex. It may later qe classed as an independent
nutritional factor in its own right. (Dr. H. V. Savnur).
(g) Biotin, see Vitamin H:-This is the latest member
of the Vitamin B-(Complex) group to be synthetised. The
deficiency of this factor brings about a synirome characterised
by a scaly dermatitis, achengrey pallor, tongue lesions. paras
hesiae, nausea and changes in the blood picture. A.vidin, a
protein contained in raw white of egg, produces a complex
with the biotin present in diet and prevents its absorption,
thus bringing about its deficiency. Good improvement in a
case in which dermatitis largely disappeared and the serum
biotin return ins to normal, has been reported under a liberal
diet and injectio.1s of methylester of biotin.
Good sources of biotin are yeast, cereals, peas, groundnuts~ meat, liver and eggs. Biotin increases in cereals during
germination. An ordinary diet supplies about 30 to 110 mg.
(If biotin daily. "Yeast forms one of the best sources of all
the B. Vitamins. ! to 1 oz. of an average yeast shoulcl supply the daily adult requirements (about 500 LU. or 1.5 mg.)
of Vitamin B 1 . It is possible to obtain yeast specially rich
in Vitamin Bl so that the daily requirement is provided by as
little as 2 grammes". N.B.:-All the above are water-soluble Vitamins
originally distinguished from B], by their greater heatstability.
Vitamin B, (Pantothenic Acid or bios IIA.)-has been
identified as the "chick anti-dermatitis factor" or the "Liverfiltrate factor".
Sources are:-Yeast, eggs, whole wheat, peanuts and
-liver. ~solated from raw liver. Also made synthetically.
Daily requirement and Therapeutic dose:-5 to .J mg.
This was found to cause a decrease in the capacity of liver
tissues to oxidise pyruvate l and possibly is a component of
enzyme systems active in connection with pyruvate metabolism, with P-Amino-Benzoic Acid and biottn: its importance
as an anti-grey hair factor has been mentioned.
Pantothenic Acid has been found efficacious :in peripheral
neuritis unrelieved by other B. Vitamins, and is necessary
for growth in rates, but its role in man is not known. In
_.
APPENDICES
459
Beriberi its blood level is 20 to 50 per cent below normal.

"Pantothenic Acid apparently closely allied with the cumulative effect of Vitamin B-Complex and has been shown to
have a synergistic effect in the human system in association
with Riboflavin."
Pantothenates are essential for the metaboJism of microorganisms, and efforts have been directed to synthetise substances very similar to Pantothenate, which will starve microorganisms of a substance essential for growth. Has been of
thera~utic value in the treatment of certain anaemias.
"Though Pantothenates have been employed in men, their
lJrecise indications have not been determined".
Chemistry of Vitamin BR:-Little is known of this factor beyond the fact that something occurring in dried yeast
and wheat embrayo is necessary to prevent loss of weight in
pigeons fed on a diet of polished rice supplemented with liberal
amounts of Vitamin B.
'
Stability of Vitamin B,::-This factor is thermolabile.
R.esults of shortage:-Possibly contributes to pellagra;
rats develop a dry scabby skin and thinning of the hair, (leads
to atrophy of Suprarendle in rats); chicks develop dermatitis
and degeneration of the spinal cord. Though detailed effects
on man are not yet known, the substance is said to be'necessary for health.
Chemistry of Vitamin B.:-This factor is found in bakers'
yeast and can be separated from the watery extracts of Vita..
min B], by absorption on Norite Charcoal at P.H.l,O. It is
a base and forms a crystalline hydrochloride of the composition e4H4N4, HCL, iH~O. It is precipitated by phosphotungstic acid (p. H~O to 4.0), mercuric sulphate, picric acid,
picrolonic acid and gold chloride. Pauly and nitroprusside
tests are negative.-(Page 749 of Martindale's Extra Pharmacopoeia, Va. II).
Symptoms of Vitamin Rl deficiencv in rats are different
from the symptoms of BJ deficiency. Vitamin BJ has not yet
been shown t9 be necessary for human beings. "A specific
type of paralysis in rats and chicks results from the lack of
this Vitamin, the existence of which, however, is doubtfttL
This may be identical with other known factors. Recent work
identifies it with the aminoacids arginine and cystine". (Page
112 of Treatise on Tropical Therapeutics" (1950).
Stability of Vitamin R-which is thermolabile is most
stable in 20%, acetone-wate; solution at P.H.3.0.
'
460
THE INDIAN MAT.ERIA MEDICA
Vitamille B~:-This alkali-he at-stable, water-soluble factor is necessary for the growth, (weight-maintenance), and
weU-being of pigeons, is also noW thought to be the same substance as Vitamin Bo, or Pyridoxine.
Vitamin Eo: (Pyridoxine or Pyridoxin; Pyridoxine hydrochloride; Adermin; Bitamin B z, is also a pyridine derivative
and forms one of the new (fraction of the) factors of the originally known as Vitarain B-Complex, or Vitamin B2 Com~lex.
Pyridoxin or Pyridoxine is a white, odourless, crystalline powder with a bitter taste, melting at 157 0 to HiQ'C. with
decomposition; solublf! in water and alcohol, stable to heat
and alkalies, but destroyed by light. Pyridoxine may be concerned in oxidations and possibly in haemoglobin formation.
This Vitamin before its isolation in 1938 was given a variety
of names by different workers including "factor Y" or "factor
1", or "Vitamin H" and the "rat anti-dermatitis Vitamin" 01factor or adermin.
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride-also occurs as a white odourles& crystalline powder with a saline taste, and a melting
point of 206 to 208. It is soluble 22 to 100 of water, 1.1 in
100 of alcohol (95%) and slightly soluble in other solvents;
stable to light and air.
Pyridoxine or Pyridoxin-occurs naturally in cereals~
seeds, yeast, rice-bran and rice-husk; peanuts; egg-yolk;
liver etc., and may be prepared synthetically as 2-inythyl-3 ..
hydroxyl-4: 5 dihydroxy-methyl-pyridine.
Uses:-Vitamin BI} is known to be required for growth
of certain micro-organisms and said to be needed to maintain
muscle tone in certain parts of the digestive tract. In human
nutrition, Vitamin BG has been found to relieve symptoms
(characterised by extreme nervousness, tremors, insomnia,
irritability, rigidity, abdominal pain, weakness and difficulty in
walking) in patients whose typically pdlagrous and neuritic
condition had been cured by Nicotinic Acid and Vita~n B J ,
or where Niacin had failed, but whose diet had remained unchanged and whose unhealthy condition had obviously been
due to a lack of several factors", and "useful in skin dIse~se,
cheilosis, anaemia, muscular distrophy and Parkinsonism,
arsenical peripheral neuritis and chorea, angular stomatitis
and migrane of pregnancy.
Vitamin B6 probably assists in the metabolisrn of Ul1f;aturatedi fatty acids. Recent evidence has indicated that
when equal doses of pyridoxine hydrochloride and thiamine
APPENDICES
_ 461
hydro-chloride are administered in subst~ntial ~herapeuti(~

dosage by mouth, many cases of hyperemesIs gravldarum are
relieved of their excessive nausea and vomitting". Oral doses
have varied from 50 to 250 Mg. daily; injection from 50 to 100
Mg. daily, or every other day. No definite range seems yet
to have been determined.
Dose:-50 to 100 Mg. daily. Vitamin Bo is required in
increased amounts during pregnancy.
Pyridoxine Hydrochloride: is stated to improve muesthenia gravis, muscular dystrophy and paralysis agitans.
Results of shortage and ahsence:-The skin manifestation
(characteristic dermatitis) of pellagra are at any rate partly
due to Vitamin Bo shortage, which has also caused epileptiform convulsions in rats; "rat-acrodynia" characterised by
dermatitis of the paws, nose and ears; defective growth in
chicks; pigeons develop digestive disturbances; hypochromic
anaemia in dogs.
Vitamin Br:-has the same functions of the popularly
known Nocotinic Acid or as some put it as Niacin to distingUish it from Nicotine of tobacco. It is prepared by the oxidation, of Nicotine or by laboratory synthesis. Nicotinic acid
is present in most forms of animal and vegetable life. (See
also:-Vitamin B~ Complex).
Nicotinic Acid (Niacin) is B-pyridine B-carboxylic Acid
and its amide-nicotamide is a compound of complex systems
of enzymes.
Nicotinic Acid is a white crystalline solid melting at 228229C.; it is soluble in hot water and alcohol. It is one of the
most stable of Vitamins ana. is not destroyed by exposure to
air, cooking, light or alkalies. It can be sterilized by autodavmg. Being an acid it forms salts.
Daily requirement of B 7 :-In man about 30 to 60 milligrams; minimum requirement to prevent pellagra is 8 to 16.5
mgm. (0.12 mgm per kilo) daily.
Therap~utic Do~e:-Up to 1000 milligrams daily; but
effects must be watched; toxic effects are flushing, dizziness,
headache and nausea.
Shortage of Vitamin B 7 :-(a-niacinosis) causes:-Pel ..
lagra (other Vitamins,also lacking); mental confusion; glossitis.
Administration henefits:-Vincent's angina, delirium
tremens (500 mg. dosage), angina pectoris, coronary sclerosis;
bronchial asthma; Nicotinamide has lately been tried on dia-
462
betes with good results, which according to Gordon (B.M.J.

14-6-47) depend upon the amo\lnt of functioning pancreatic
tissues. In the treatment of pellagra the effective oral dose
is about 500 mgm. daily. In Ol:der to avoid unpleasant side
effects, it is recommended that this dose be divided into 10
fimaller doses of 50 mgm. each.
intravenous administration
is necessary, the total daily dose may be reduced to 80 mgm.
\hen marked improvement occurs, the dose may be reduced
to 100 mgm. daily by mouth. Besides pellagra, nicotinic acid
is used in stomatoglossitis, sprue and allied conditions, lenko
plakia, pruritis, lupus erythematosis, eczema, psychosis, due
to defective nutrition, meniere's disease and sulphonamide intolerance in doses of 150 mgm.
:I
Vitamin Bs:-(Adenylic Acid)-Adenylic Acid or Adenosine Monophosphate, a complex of Adenyne, Ribose and
Phosphoric Acid, is widely distributed in nature, in cereals,
glandular tissues and yeast, from which it can be extracted.
It is said to be essential for the phosphorylation of glucose,
Adenelic Acid being first converted into Adenosine Triphosphate, which transfers its labile phosphate to glucose. That
the energy of muscular contraction is derived from the breakdown of Adenosine Triphosphate is supported by evidence,
this reaction being catalised by Calcium ions. Ruskin reported success with iron Adenylat~ in the treatment of agranulocytosis following chemotherapy. It is stated that Adenylic
Acid enhances the effect of Vitamin Bl, in cases refractory to
treatment with the latter alone. Adenylic Acid inhibits
bacterial growth. Spies and collaborators reported that Adenylic Acid has a powerful pharmacological action. Rapid
clinical improvement has also been reported by these observers in patients suffering from malnutrition, pellag'ra, and
peripheral neuritis with Adenylic Aeid; these patients failed
to respond adequately to yeast, and large doses of Vitamin B 1 ,
and P. P. Factor. However the evidence for its status as a
Vitamin in human nutrition is lacking.
Vitamin BIO and B l l : -These two Folic Acid variants
chemically unidentified water-soluble members of .the Vitamin B Complex, are stated to be necessary for growth and
proper feather devel6pmel1t in the chick. These factors may
be identical with Vitamin Be.
Vitamin B 12:-(LactobaciUus lactis Dorner factor) is a
red crystalline substance isolated from liver and other natural
sources, believed to be the substance, absence of which causes
pernicious anaemia. Minute doses prevent both the blood
and nerve changes characteristic of the disease. "It is a phos-
APPENDICES
463-
phorus and cobalt containing material isolated from purified

liver extract. "Vitamin B12 given orally produces height and
weight gains, increased physical vigour, alertness, better
general behaviour, definite increase in appetite, and the
vanishing of severe allergic bronchitis in physically retarded
children". ("Science", 110-651, 1949 of New York).
Modern research has led to the discovery of this important fraction in liver, which is so powerful that 1 mgm. of this
is equivalent to 1 U.S.P. unit injectable liver, which is on an
average the daily amount of liver extract needed for satisfactory response in pernicious anaemia. The crystals of Vitamin
BJ2 contain 4% cobalt and the red colour is probably due to
them. The exact significance of this on erythropoiesis is not
yet definite. The preparation of this Vitamin is extremely
difficult, since 4 tons of liver yield only 1 gramme of Vitamin
Bj~. In this connection, it is most interesting to note that
streptomyces grisens, which produces Streptomycin also produces Vitamin B12 and this fact has been taken ad'vantage or
commercially. Liver extracts of high potency containing 10
mgm. per cc. of this Vitamin or more give satisfactory results,
but not those containing lesser percentages.
\
Administration of Vitamin Bl:! in pernicious anaemia
leads to a characteristic response clinically and haemotologically. The drug has the same beneficial effects on neurological symptoms as liver extracts, and is safe as far as any allergic manifestations are concerned. It may be the extrinsic
factor is identical with Vitamin B 12 Oral administration of
Vitamin B12 is more effective, if coupled with normal gastric
juice, but even then this is less effective than the Vitamin
administered by injection.
Vitamin B12 is also of good use in nutritional and tropical
macrocytic anaemia and in sprue.
40-80 mgm. weekly for the first three months and then
30 mgm. every week afterwards is a good regime. Patients
with neurological symptoms should receive larger doses. (Dr.
V. N. Ashtaputre M.S., in "Miraj Christian Medical School
Magazine, March, 1951, pages 24 and 25).
Vitamin ffc:-(See Folic Acid):-Vitamin Bc i~ a Folic
Acid variant, also known as the chick anti-anaemic factor, because, deficiency of this Vitamin causes a nutritional anaemia
in chicks; cures a condition of dietary deficiency in pigeons,
in which these refuse to -grow and develop an anaemia, characterised by a decrease in the percentage of haemoglobin and .
red cell volume; this condition is also curable by liver extracts.
This has been isolated in crystalline form from liver and yeast.
464
"i'HE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA
Given orally it protects rats against the hypochromic anaemia

induced by sulphone drugs, e.g., promine, prominzole, diasone,
etc. Recent work identifies this Vitamin with Folic Acid. AU
the different Vitamins of this B. Group appear to be closely
related to metabolic processes in the body. Broadly speaking,
the more work we do, the more o~ the B-Vitamins we require".
N. B.:-"The role of Pantothenic acid, Adenylic acid,
Para-aminobenzoic acid, Biotin, and Vihmun V, in
humans, is at present undetermined and !"lone have as yet
beeI\ proven to be of therapeutic value."-:-(Hand-Book
of Medical Management).
Vitamin C: The Antiscorbutic, or (Lexuronic Acid),
Scurvy (infantile and adult) preventing Vitamin or watersoluble Vitamin C, Ascorbic Acid of B.P., or Cevitamic Acid
is one of the most sensitive of all the Vitamins. It is obtained from the ripe fruit of Capsicum annum (paprika.) and
other vegetable sources, or by synthesis. It is a valuable
substance in the forming of the blood and also acts on the skin.
Copper utensils, air-contact, alkalinity, drying by moderate degrees of heat, cooking, or ageing, all reduce or destroy
Vitamin C content of foods. Ascorbic Acid is a white crystalline substance; very easily oxidised in solution, especially in
neutral or alkaline solution; the oxidation is greatly accelerated by traces of copper, and is probably concerned in oxidationreduction reactions in the living organism. Hence, dry or
stale vegetables lose their Vitamin C. Pasteurisation of milk
(150F.) and quick boiling of milk or vegetables entail a loss
of about 20 to 40% in. the Vitamin C. content of milk or veg~
tables. As Vitamin C. is so easily destroyed, artificially fed
infants should be given orange juice or tomato juice from the
third month onward. Older children and adults should take
some fresh fruits, (fruit juices), and green vegetables, preferably raw, along with their usual diet. On account of the
danger of transmission of dysentery through raw vegetables,
it is necessary to wash them thurolJghly in boiling water.
When the supply of green leaves, vegetables or fruits is deficient, sprouted peas and germinated wheat, grams or mung,
should be taken raw, in addition to the usual diet. These
sprouted grains may be added to vegetable curry just two
minutes before it is removed. from the fire. Fresh lemonade
has more C., if the lemon juice is added last, when the liquid
is cold. Milk and meat possess a definite but low anti-scor. butic value. The anti-scorbutic Vitamin differs from the antineuritic one in its distribution and properties, as well as in
the nature of its influence (0 nutrition. This Vitamin is less
APPENDICES
465
wide-spread than the anti-nutritic Vitamin and is more sensitive to heat and drying than the anti-neuritic one; prolonged
cooking or to cook vegetables twice is a fatal mistake, while
the addition of soda renders them useless from the Vitamin
standpOjint. Tinned fruits, which have been raised to a temperature of 120 0 C. lose their anti-scorbutic properties; so also
the bottled and dried fruits. In short, Vitamin C. disappears
rapidly from foods, when these are preserved and stored.
'This Vitamin is more sensitive to heat than A. or B. It has
also been shown that although pulses and cereal grains in the
ordinary stage contain no 'Vitamin C., and dried pulses and
grains contain no anti-scorbutic principle while still dry; but,
Vitamin C. develops in 48 hours, if they are moistened and
allowed to germinate or sprout". The sprouted grains should
be eaten raw, or ground into paste and water extracted or
after cooking for not more than 10 minutes. In all dry and
stale foodstuffs and preserved vegetables, most of the Vitamin
C originally present gets destroyed. The tissues of fresh
vegetables dried at low temperature or their expressed juices
preserved in the cold rapidly lose their anti-scorbutic property.
When fresh vegetables and fruits are not easily obtained.
sprouted grains may be used as a cheap and easily available
source of Vitamin C. Sprouted pulses may contain 10 to 15
milligrammes of Vitamin C. per 100 Grammes. A well
balanced diet for school-children and adults, should contain
some 30 to 50 mgs. of Vitamin C per day. Any loss of Vitamin C caused by the prolonged cooking or cooking twice may
be made up a little, by inclusion of a few ounces of fresh
fruits, and leafy and other vegetables in the diet. Scurvy is
common enough among children fed on tinned foods. In the
case of infants fed on mother's or cow' s mi~k, boiled fresh milk
or reconstituted dried milk, special attention to Vitamin C.
requirements is necessary. These can be supplemented by
giving orange or tomato or lemon fruit juices. in small quantities. "Like Vitamins A. and B., Vitamin C., which is an
auxiliary to Vitamins A. and B. also is stored by the liver. So
carnivorous animals obtain their supply of these three Vitamins from the liver and blood of their prey. The white inside
of the peel of the oranges is particularly rich in Vitamin C.
Regarded as a source of Vitamin C. animal food is no good.
Eggs have no anti-scorbutic property; liver has but very little
of it. The quantitative presence of Vitamin C in milk depends upon the green fodder, which the cow cons~es."
Vitamin C. is necessary in abundant quantity to keep the
blood pure, teeth, bones, gums and generally the whole of the
body in health.
30
Shortage or deficiency of Vitamin C. causes:-Scurvy,

(reddish skin eruptions); sallowness, malnutrition, loss of
appetite, vigour, weight, fleeting pains in the limbs and joints,
in adults; growing pain in infants and children, which make
them cry whenever they are hjmdled; lowered resistance to
infection; difficult healing of cuts and abrasions; anaemia;
lassitude; fretful temper; pOQr digestion; bleeding from
mucous membranes or haemorrhages from any part of the
body; pyorrhoea; (spongy bleeding gums, loosening of the
teeth); ulceration of stomach and bowels (even peptic ulcer);
enlargement of heart; and degeneration of sex organs and
capillary walls; some forms of infantile cataract; impairs cellular oxidation, reduction and formation of red-blood-cells.
Newer scientific knowledge of Vitamin C:-"It was discovered sometime ago that a hexuronic acid obtained from
suprarenal glands was identical with the substance made out
of lemon juice as Vitamin C. This synthetic substance is called ascorbic acid. As this has got reducing property, real lime
juice can be easily distinguished from the artificial product
which has no ascorbic acid and, therefore, no reducing property. The availability of the pure chemical substance as
ascorbic acid has made the determination of Vitamin C. content of food materials in terms of the pure product possible.
"The requirement for health in adults has been put at 40
milligrams of ascorbic acid, and the minimum requirement to
prevent scurvy is one ounce of lemon juice or 20 milligrams
of ascorbic acid. If more than the requirement is ingested;
the quantity in excess of the saturation comes out in the urine.
Later researches have shown that the effect of ascorbic acid
deficiency is observable in many directions even before scurvy
may appear. It is now known that Vitamin C exerts a great
influence on the structure of tissues, regulates intra-cellular
cement substance of capillaries, promotes the growth and
ripening of the white and red blood cells, and its want causes
widespread degenerative changes in the body. Therefore, the
system should be kept always satl,lrated with Vitamin C. bv
the intake of juices of raw leaves or fruit-juices in sufficier{t
quantities". "Most people think of orange juice a$ the one
provider of Vitamin C., but a double order of tomato juice
is of equal value".
,
~
"The amou~ts of ascorbic acid in milligrammes "per-l00
grammes are as under: --!...
Orange and lemon juices-60; apples, 3; banana, 15;
grapes, 3: cabbage, 100; potato, 20; lettuce, 5; Human
milk, 6; Cows' milk, 2."
!
"
APPENDICES
467
"Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) is also made synthetically."

Vitamin C. condenses with aldehydes, acetone and othel'
ketones in the form of minute colourless crystals with acid
taste, readily soluble in water, melting at 192 0 C. When dry
and protected from light, it is stable even in tropics. Autoclaving at 120 0 C. for 20 minutes in oxygen at pH 8 results
in loss of 49%; solutions of Vitamin C. can be stabilised by
addition of small amounts of fruit acid, such as tartaric or
citric acid. Vitamin C. is I-ascorbic acid; dehydro-ascorbic
acid is as potent an anti-ascorbutic as ascorbic acid. The I.U.
is 0.05 mgm. of pure I-ascorbic acid and 1.0 mgm. of Vitamin
C.-20 I.D., but this standard is not now used.
,
Dose:-Prophylactic (daily) 500 to 1000 Units, Imperial
2/5 to 4/5 Gr. Therapeutic (daily), 2000 to 5000 Dnik; Imperial, H to 4 Gr.
It is a colourless compound, soluble in water and possesses
marked reducing properties. It is easily oxidised and can be
converted back into ascorbic acid by reducing agents. It
probably plays an important part in transport of hydrogen in
cell metabolism. Deficiency of this substance causes scurvy.
Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) occurs in all growing vegetable
tissues, germinated grains, green leafy vegetables and fresh
fruits (especially in cashew, limes, lemons, oranges and other
citrus fruits, black and red currants, grape fruits, strawberries, apples, cabbage, carrots, tomatoes, yellow turnips,
potatoes, bell-peppers, spinach, onions, paprita, etc.); contain
large quantities of this Vitamin and smaller quantities are contained in fresh meat, green vegetables, potatoes and milk.
Unripe seeds, e.g. green peas, contain ascorbic acid, which
disappears when they ripn and dry, but reappear when they
germinate. Lemon, grape-fruit and orange juice contain 300
to 350 I.U. per ounce. Cashew fruit contains nearly 6 to S
times the amount of Vitamin C., as is contained in oranges.
'Paprika', a variety of cayenne pepper also contains 4 times
Vitamin C., as is contained in lemons. A pint of average
commercial milk contains about 5 Mg.; raw fresh milk contains about 14 Mg. of Vitamin C. Fresh orange juice contains 50 Mgs. per 100 Mils (3et ozs.).
"Emblica officinalis: (Indian gooseberries; Amla): is perhaps the richest natural source of Vitamin C. Its fresh juice
contains nearly 20 times as much Vitamin C. as orange juice,
and a single fruit is equiv:alent in Vitamin C. content to one
or two oranges. Though heating and drying of fresh fruits
or vegetables usually leads to the destruction of most or all
the Vitamin C. originally present, Amla or Neelikai is an.
468
THE INDIAN MATBRIA MEDicA
exception among fruits, because of its high vital Vitamin C.

content, and because it contains substances, which practically
protect the Vitamin from destriJction by heating or drying, as
its juice is strongly acid, and acidity has a protective action
on Vitamin C. Hence it is possible to preserve Amla without
losing much of the Vitamin. !Fresh Amla was found to be
most effective cure for scurvy ~hen an outbreak of the disease
occurred in 1940 in the Hissar Famine Area. Tablets made
from Amla powder contain Vitamin C. in concentrated form,
which is a convenient method of preserving the fruit for
,future use".
It is present in many fruits juices and vegetables, but the
-amount rapidly decreases on storage, due to the. presence of
an oxydose enzyme in the plant juices. Human milk contains
4 to 8 mgm. per 100 cem; cow's milk 1 to 26 mgm. and pasteurised milk under 1 mgm. The body can store ascorbic
acid. and depends for its supply on fresh vegetables. 'This
Vitamin has been definitely proved to be a protective against
scurvy.
"Ascorbic acid participates information and maintenance
of intercellular (cement) substance of all connective tissue
(deutins cartilage, matrix of bone, collagen of fibrous tissue).
It also transports hydrogen in cellular metabollsm and is an
fictive reducing agent. It is readily absorbed and excreted in
the urine. Hi is apparently concerned with formation of adrenal cortical hormones. No toxicity has occurred in oral
doses of 6 Gm. daily."
Ascorbic acid is very unstable and is destroyed on heafing, cooking or drying. It is however, fairly stable, e'oen on
cooking, in the rind of citrus fruits and in tomato juice. Ordinary cooking destroys most of it in vegetables and the duration of the heating is more important than the temperature to
which they are raised. Cabbage loses about 80 per cent of its
ascorbic acid content by heating to 100 0 C. for 20 minutes or
by heating to, 60 C. for an hour.
In scurvy 9steoblast and odontoblast activity is normal.
and failure of connecti.ve tissue cells to form ,~upporting
tissues leads to thinning of bones and teeth. It is said that
within 24 hours of administration of ascorbic acidkJmprovement begins to take place. It is claimed that utilisation of
ascorbic acid is higher than pormal during infective processes
and that it may be of significance in resistance to bacterial
infections. In scurvy with severe mlaemia, reticulocyte
crises ensue soon after administration of ascorbic acid, sug:'
gesting that it may be an# essential
factor in haemopoesis.
,.
'
APPENDICES
469
Anaemia is frequently associated with scurvy and reacts well

to ascorbic acid as do other forms of nutr\tional anaemias. It
is also essential for wound repair and is present in young
granulation tissue and adjoining skin.
In mild cases of infantile and adult scurvey, oral dosage
is suffic;ient, and usually given in the form of lemon, orange,
or tomato juices. But, in severe cases, intravenous or intramuscular injections, daily of 50 to 100 Mgs. dissolved in 5 CC
of Normal Saline solution are given; it is always desirable
to neutralise the acid before use, by adding to the solution
half these weights of Sodium Bicarbonate.
There is some evidence that Vitamin C. has an effect on
the produ~tion of anti-bodies against bacterial infection. It
also possesses bactericidal and bacteriostatic properties and
inactivates certain toxins such as B. dysenteriae, C1., tetani,
and Cl. oedematiens. It is also concerned with complement
activity of serum.
It is suggested that Vitamin C. is a component of re~
versible oxidation-reduction system acting as a hydrogen
tr.ansporter of respiratory catalyst. This Vitamin is especially
abundant in the corpus luteum, the adrenals, the pituitary
gland and other glandular tissue. It is said to stabilise the
hormones and in scurvy symptoms resemble adrenal deficiency. It may antagonise thyrotoxin.
Administration by mouth has no effect on the blood
sugar, but intravenous injections lower it in normal persons.
Vitamin C. is essential for synthetic processes within the
cell. It is absorbed by the intestines, and if this is interfered
with, the diseased condition results. This Vitamin is stored
in organs and tissues with high metabolic activity (adrenals
are richest). Its blood range is 0.6 to 2.5 Mgm.
The bulk of Vitamin C. is excreted by the urine, small
quantities in sweat and faeces. When the tissues are saturated
with large doses, the urinary excretion rises. Daily excretion
of 13 Mgm. is borderline between deficient and adequate intake.
.
The indispensable minimum is 25 to 30 mgm. per day (0.4
to 0.5 Mgm. per kilo); 26 mg. of ascorbic acid or 520 LU. is
considered a normal maintenance ration and this is supplied
by about 2 ounces of lemon, or grapefruit or orange-juice;
the optimum is 50 to 75 Mgm. daily but even larger quantities
are needed during pregnancy and in acute infections. It
should therefore, be regularly supplied, otherwise there is deficiency. Boys up to 15 years require 90 Mgm. daily and adults:
30-100 Mgm.
470
Some authors state the daily requirement to be about 75

milligrams (15000 units); at least 15 Mg., and the therapeutic dose about 1000 milligrams daily; 50 to 100 in infants.
Pure ascorbic acid is supplid in 25 and 50 Mg. tablets
When treating patients in whom deficiency is suspected, it is
well to give 100 Mg. a day fpr several days, and 50 Mg.
a day for longer periods. Ampoules are available for injection, but absorption by mouth is usually satisfactory".
Uses:-In scurvy and diphtheria it is specially useful. It
has also been used in febrile conditions of pneumonia, paroxysmal haemoglobinuria, whooping cough and other fevers, tuberculosis, rheumatism, typhoid, malaria, dental and oral conditions, dermatitis, arsenical dermatitis, psoriasis, haemorrhagic
diseases (capillary, haemorrhages) pernicious anaemia, during pregnancy and lactation, congestive heart failure, gastroduodenal ulcer, and eye conditions, including cataract; peptic
ulcer and ulcerative collitis; extreme debility and to hasten
the healing of operation wounds or wounds of any kind; sulphonilamide poisoning.
Most of the dietaries of the tropics are quite wellsupplied with anti-scorbutic substances and therefore, scurvy
is seldom found in India.
The susceptibility to scurvy varies widely for different
kinds of animals. Guinea pigs develop typical scurvy after
3 weeks without green food;
human beings take a much
longer time to develop the disease. Rats, mice, cattle and
fowl appear quite unsusceptible; apparently they are able to
manufacture the Vitamin (in their liver).
In infancy and pregnancy, ascorbic acid deficiency may
be corrected by giving ascorbic acid tablets. The richest
palatable source is fresh orange juice which contains 10 Mgm.
per 100 cern; tomatoes contain 13 to 39 Mgm. per 100 Cern.;
apples contain little, but cabbages, cauliflower and fresh
potatoes are good sources.
Probably less than 25 Mgm. of ascorbic acid per day is
inadequate even for infants and an intake of at lea~t 50 Mgn1.
should be aimed at in adults. In the presence of bacterial
infections 100 to 200 Mgm. and' during pregnancy ~100 Mgm.
is probably the minimum. The adrenal cortex liver. - 'and
kidneys store reserves of as(,lorbic acid, excess of which is excreted in the urine at an average rate of 10 to 25 Mg. daily.
The liver of infants at birth is rich in ascorbic acid, which
becomes depleted if the child is breast-fed, more rapidly if
fed on cow's milk, and ve\-'y rapidJy if heated or preserved
.'
APPENDICES
471
milk is given. AU active tissues contain ascorbic acid. Actively growing tumours are rich in it, and its high utilisatioI'l:
may possibly be the cause of purpura in these conditions.
Plasma should contain 1 to 2 Mgm. per 100 cem. and in
scurvy, the value falls to 0.7 mgm. or lower. The urine contains at least 25 mgm. in a 24 hour specimen; if less is excreted, its store is badly depleted. Ascorbic acid has been isolated in the pure form from fruit juice, and has also been
synthetically prepared. Most animals can manufacture this
compound, and hence are independent of any supply in the
form of food. Guinea-pig, man and monkey cannot manufacture adequate quantities of ascorbic acid, become diseased,
and die unless they obtain a supply in their food.
N. B.:-Apparent Vitamin C. can be distinguished
from true Vitamin C. by its different reaction with formaldehyde.
Vitamin D:-This Vitamin. prevents and cures Rickets,

Ostomalacia; Caries of .the teeth, and other forms of mineral
mal-nutrition; is known as Dr. McCollum's fat soluble cal~ifying anti-rachitic 'Sunshine Vitamin'. Vitamin D has two
important actions. It increases the intestinal absorption of
calcium and increases the urinary excretion of phosphorus.
Vitamin D. in the diet of infants, increases the utilisation
of the injected calcium and promotes the development of the
straight bones and sound teeth.-(Dr. T. V. Muthuswami
Chettiar, L.M.P., in charge of Muthuswami Chettiar's Hospital,
Tirupur P.O. S. I. Ry.) in his article 'Infant Feeding' in February, 1936, of 'Medical Digest', Bombay).
Vita71ljin D per se is found only in animals; pLant sterols

are merely precursors.
"Bourdillon (1930) -first isolated Vitamin D. in crystallin form and called it Calciferol. But as the natural Vitamin
. D. is never crystalline, it is difficult to say, this is exactly
Calciferol". Vitamin D. probably acts by regulating the absorption of Calcium and Phosphate from the intestines; i.e.,
this Vitamin D. is one of the most important factors in the
proper development of the bones and teeth and assimilation
and storing of Calcium and Phosphorus contained in the food.
Attention must be given to Calcium intake also. Cereals
antagonise the action of the Vitamin D., and tend to produce
badly formed teeth when'this Vitamin is deficient. It is found
from experiments that Vitamin D., which is present in milk, is
still increased when the milk is exposed to ultra-violet light,
'e~ther from the Sun or some artificial source. On the other
472
THE INDIAN MATERIA M.I!:DICA
hand, Vitamin A. which is also an ingredient of fresh milk, is

destroyed by the same process, From experiments made, it
was also found that one set of chicks fed with milk that had
been exposed to ultra-violet lig}:J.t, developed the usual condition resulting from the absence pf Vitamin A . while a second
group fed with untreated milk,. aeveloped normally. Vitamin
D. is present in all food-stuffs, which are exposed to Sun's rays
in the process of preparation. Vitamin D. occurs mostly with
Vitamin A. and is found in abundance in Cod Liver Oil,
Halibut Oil and other fish oils (e.g., Salmon, herrings in
Western countries, hilsa, King-fish, etc., in India). It is also
present .in milk, cream, cheese, meat, butter, Clnd yolk of eggs.
In the human and animal body, it is formed by the action of
ultra-violet rays, carbon-arc, or mercury-vapour, quartz lamp,
or direct Sun light on the skin. Similarly, now-a-days Vitamin D. is produced artificially in the Laboratory by such irradiation or exposure of the isolated ergosterol, which is a
constituent occurring in minute traces in vegetable oils, milk,
yeast, and other foods and oils, which contaill ergosterol to a
special wave band of ultra-violet rays or light.
Vitamin D. is stored in the liver skin and brain. More
Vitamin D. is necessary in the absence of ultra-violet light
which irradiates the sterol precursors in the skin.
"Vitamin D. is produced in plants, in food materials and
also in animals, whenever ergosterol is prese1~t and is subjected to ultra-violet rays. Ergosterol is a crystallin~ compound
with a structural formula similar to Cholesterol. When ultraviolet light acts on Ergosterol, a yellow resin is produced.
This irradiated Ergosterol is a mixture of Vitamin D. and other
non-active products. Continued irradiation destroys the
Vitamin. When the bare skin pf the body is exposed to the
Sun's rays (Sun bath) and ultra-violet spectral rays from a
Quartz Mercury Vapour Generator, Vitamin D. is synthesiz~d from Ergosterol in the superficial layers of the skin, i.e.,
absorbed by the skin and subsequently absorbed 'by the blood,
in the. circulation. Also food exposed to such rays absorb
and retain Vitamin D. In high latitudes, in winter, <this Vitamin has to be obtained from the food. Hence, we can realise
the scientific value of exposing infants to the rays ot-the Sun,
after anointing their skin with mustard or cocoanut oiL -When
oil is exposed to Sun light, V,itamin D. is also formed ana is
absorbed in the body. Henc.e Rickets is particularly apt to
occur in infants kept in dark houses, while osteomalacia in
India is often found among women who keep pardah". Vitamin D. is not destmyed by any of the processes of cookinq
and preservation. But, as ~Yitamin D. is only obtainable
,.
APPENDICES
413
naturally from animal fats, vegetarians should take plenty of
milk, ghee and sun-dried food-stuffs, and expose their bare

bodies to health-giving rays of the sun. Infants, young child-
ren, pregnant and lactating mothers should be given some

additional Vitamin D. in the form of irradiated Ergostrol, if
there is reason to suspect shortage of Vitamin D. in their diet.
The animal sterol (cholesterol) and the vegetable sterol
(ohytesterol). subjected to ultra-violet radiation produced
Vitamin D. It has now been found that this property is not
of cholesterol itself, but of an impurity in it called "Ergosterol". Ergosterol was so named as it was originally isolate<f
from Ergot.
A similar sterol or one closely allied to it has been obtained from a wide range of lower plants, especially from
yeast. In fact, the Vitamin D. contents of a large number of
food-stuffs and oils may be considerably augmented by ultraviolet irradiation. In other words, it was shown that the
active principle or the pro-Vitamin D. was indeed a sterol of
an unsaturated and labile type, of which ergosterol is the only
known representative. The sterol found in Ergot was one of
the most efficient substances and irradiated Ergot sterol or
Ergosterol was found to have 200,000 to 700,000 times the'
Vitamin D. activity of Cod Liver Oil. From Ergosterol
minute quantities of the active substance in white needle-like
crystals called "Calciferol" or Vitamin D. has been separated.
The crystals are .insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol and in:
50 to 100 parts of vegetable oils. "Calciferol" has become a
cheap commercial product, and is being largely used medicinally as the curative factor, Vitamin D. is obtained in this
in a concentrated and standardised form. Over-dose has to be
avoided. Calciferol raises the calcium phosphorus content of
blood. The advantages of Calciferol is that in a small bulk
in a readily assimilable form, a bigger dose (but never an
over-dose) of the Vitamin may be administered, which is not
possible either with the usual food-stuff or Cod Liver Oil.
Calciferol can be given intra-muscularly also. Calciferol _is
stable at room temperature, but loses its antirachitic properties
at 18C.; it completely dissolves in oil at. 80 a C. Biological
essay is the only method of its estimation. "Calciferol" occurs
in all tissues, especially in the nervous system, skin and
adrenals. It was originally produced from Ergot, and therefore
called "Ergosterol", but is now prepared almost exclusively
from yeast".
Standard of Vitamin D:-The . International Unit of

Vitamin D. is the activity of .025 mg.
Calciferol,
i.e., 1 milligram of Calciferol contains 40,000 units of
474
THE INDIAN lVIA TERIA MEDICi\.
Vitamin D. In other words, Vitamin D. Unit "adopted by the International Conference is the biological
activity of a milligram of the international solution of
irradiated Ergosterol, which ha:s been found to be equivalent
to that of ..025 microgl'am of' crystalline Vitamin D. The
minimum daily need is about 1.0.0 units a day and the optimum
supply is probably about 1.0.0.0 units a day or .0 ..025 Mgm.
"There is unfortunately no sure chemical method of
estimation of Vitamin D.; it has been essayed biologically.
There are two or three methods of carrying out the biological
assay" . (Dr. U. S. Kini, B.Sc. (Hons.), Oil Chemist,
Government Oil Factory, Kozhikode, in "Sotlvenir of the 5th
South Indian Medical Conference, Mangalore, held from 13th
to 15th October, 195.0, page 34).
Natural Vitamin D.:-We are now able. to trace the vital

processes whereby Vitamin D. is produced in milk and nature,
and to follow its transition through many charmels to the foods
in which it ultimate1y fmds a home for the nutrition of the
human race: -The ultra-violet spectral rays of sunshine are
chiefly responsible f(lr the origin of Vitamin D. "The radiant
energy of these rays actuates the fat particles of plant-tissues
and from the sterol radicles produces Vitamin D. This
elaboration takes place during the sunlight hours in grass
and mthe southern -seas, a similar action occurs in the teeming
millions of minute plant organisms, which inhabit the Upper
Sunlit zone. In the former case, part of the Vitamin D. in
the grass is stored, after consumption, in the fatty tissues
of the animal to form the Vitamin content of butcher's meat,
or in milch cows to appear in, the fat of the milk. In the
latter case, the Vitamin D. content of the marine plant
organism is the source of the Vitamin fat of fish and fish liver
oil. This natural Vitamin D. initials the normal fixation of
Ca1ciUl11i and Phosphorus salts in the skeletal and dental
systems, and its presence in optimum proportions in the diet
is necessary for the prevention of rickets.-(Dr. John Campbell, Ph. D. Scientific Adviser to the New Healtlt Society,
London, in "Natural Vitamin D. in Infant Feeding", in
"Medical Digest" February, 1936,-Pediatrics Numb~r.)
Shortage of Vitamin n. causes:-Anaell1i.a, nervousness,
irritability or fretfulness, loss of power to retain caldum,
sweating (mal~ise accompanied by hypocalcael].1ia); rickets;
osteomalacia; osteoporosis; delayed dentition and dental
carries; irregular and abnormal tooth and bone development;
laryngismus; stribulus; insufficient sleep; belilted standing and
walking habits; constipatiori ..and bu1ging of belly in Jronti
APPENDICES
475
knock-knee or bow-legs; flat foot; curvature of the spine:

convulsions; enlarged tonsils; adenoids, etc., in infants and
children. With adults the symptoms of these are of acid
auto-intoxication frequently terminating in rheumatism;
osteomalacia usually occurring in women and complicated by
tetany and chronic diarrhoea; neuritis; diabetes; bronchitis
and Bright's disease; hypocalcaemia of parathyroid tetany.
Newer scientific knowledge of Vitamin D.:-"There are
probably several varieties (about 10 pro-Vitamins) of this
Vitamin, but all have the same effect and a similar composition; the original Vitamin D. is a mixture of Db D~., and
Dil" "Vitamin D .. from plant sources differs chemica.lly and to
a certain' extent physiologically from the Vitamin D., occurrin9
in animaL fats.
Plant Vitamin D. is now termed D 2 ., and
animal Vitamin D. is termed Ds. Vitamin D~. or Calciferol:
is manufactured artificially by 'activating' ergosterol or from
irradiated ergosterol and does not occur naturally. Vitamin
D 3 or lumisterol, from sterol-7-dehydrocholesterol or irradiated 7-dehydro cholesterol; two very interesting points about
Vitamin D g ., are that it is the form in which the Vitamin is
found in Nature; is formed in the skin by the action of the
Sun; and its present substance 7-dehydrocholesterol has now
been synthesized. Ergosterol is best irradiated in solution,
but if alcohol is used, there is liability of its being overirradiated forming toxisterol. The only foods containing preformed Vitan1in D. are animal in origin; whole milk, eggs,
fish liver oils, (tunny etc.), animal fats, butter, eggs. milk
and liver fats.
Daily requirements:-Probably between 500 and 2000 units
out varies with the amount of exposure to sunlight. 1 milligram of Calciferol contains 40,000 units. Dose of Calciferol
for an infant is 1/2400 to 1/1200 gr. daily. The maintenance
dose for an infant is about 700 units; for curing rickets, a
bigger dose is necessary, but not exceeding 500 units. Doses
of Vitamin D. over 10,000-20,000 1. U ./Kg. of body wt.
per day may lead to metastatic calcification with nephrocalcinosis. Because, administered in big do~es or if continuued
fairly long even in a moderate dose, it causes overcalcification in various organs of the body (especially the kidneys)
and at the growing ends of bones; an excessive dose may
so raise the blood level that some calcium may be deposited
in the kidneys as calc'ium-phosphate stone. In children the
first symptom of overdose is loss of appetite, followed by
di&rrhoea, which indicates that the dose should be reduced.
But, such an event is not likely with ingestion of Vitamin
476
THE INDIAN MATERIA IVIEDICA
D.-containing food ,but may result from concentrated

medicinal products.
!
One egg is supposed to provide the whole of the daily
requirements of Vitamin D.; btLt all kinds of eggs are not
equally rich in Vitamin D.
Further, symptoms of over~dosage or huge doses cause
a marked increase in the calcium content of serum and
deposition of calcium in the blood vessels (aorta, coronaries)
kidneys and lungs; produces profuse sweating, polyuria, loss
of weight, vomitting, headache and extreme lassitude. On the
other hand, there is a pos.sibility that the adverse symptoms
were due to toxisterol, a substance which appears in calciferol,
if the ergosterol is over-irradiated. Calculi may form in the
bladder, atrophy of the spleen and thymus may also occur.
There is no reason to fear such effects from ordinary doses.
Mild symptoms of intoxication due to excess of irradiated
ergosterol have been reported in children; the first effect
produced is loss of appetite.
Cereals, if they form a high proportion of the diet, have
a deleterious influence on the calcification of teeth, but Vitamin
D. counteracts this defect. Recent work has shown that 1 large
dose (250,000 units) will cure rickets, and 150,000 Units given
daily for two months will cure lupus vulgaris; further experiments are awaited, but the expected adverse effects have
not occurred, and perhaps there is a hope that this massive
dosage may cure other forms of tuberculosis.
Vitamin D. is useful in all diseases listed under the
paragraph "Shortage of Vita1l1jin D. Causes", and improves
'infantile tetany, hay fever, arthritis and psoriasis; heals
fractures. "As Vitamin D. is essential for the format.ion of
strong bones and teeth in the growing child, and as its distribution. in food is very limited and uncertain, it is advisable,
in many cases of pregnancy, to give daily two teaspoonfuls of
Cod Liver Oil or its equivalent in Halibut or Shark Oil,"('For Ante-Natal Care' by a Lady Doctor in "Kanan
Saraswath", Diwali Number, Oetr.-Nov. 1942, joint issue,
pages 260-263).
0'(
Often the cheapest and easiest way of supplying' Yitamin
D. is by the exposure of the body to Sunlight." A gOQd supply
of Vitamin D. during pregnap.cy benefits the mother and
helps to ensure the satisfactory future developJilent of the
child. The growing child, the pregnant woman and the nursing
mother require an adequate supply of Vitamin D. If this
is deficient, the bones of the child are badly formed, resulting
in rickets and dental carries, ~d in a pregnant woman osteo-
..
..."
APPENDICES
477
malacia and its consequences, viz., deformity of the limbs,

the spine, the chest and the pelvis. Administration of Vitamin
D. has both preventive and curative effects.
"Mustard oil, gingelly oil, linseed oil ~d olive .oil do
not originally contain Vitamin D.; but, If these. oIls are
exposed in shalow vessels to Sun~hine, V:itamin~. is produ~ed
in the oils. All foodstuffs, whlCh durmg their preparatIOn
are dried in direct Sun's rays also contain Vitamin D. If
oxygen is passed through heated Cod Liver Oil, the Vita~in
A. content of it is destroyed and loses the growth-promotmg
property, but continues to be antirachitic. This antirachitic
.1'Ubstal1ce of Cod Liver Oil was designated Vitamin D. It
was subsequently found that other vegetable oils when subjected t6 irradiation, develop antirachitic properties. These
oill substances contained 'sterol' bodies in minute quantities.
THe sterol of vegetable fats is known as phytosterol and that
of animal fats is cholesterol. It is these sterol bodies that on
irradiation, or on exposure to ultra-violet rays develop
Vitamin D. The unit of Vitamin D. is 1 milligram of Olive Oil
containing 0.025 micrograms of calciferol. The Vitamin D.
contents of 100 grams of substances are:-Cod Liver Oil, 12700;
Halibut Liver Oil 257,000; butter 100 to 200; Milk 10 to 100;
Egg-yolk 150 to 400 units. An adult's daily requirements
is from 150 to 400 units. A teaspoonful of Cod Liver Oil
gives 300 units. The daily requirement of the growing child
and of the pregnant or lactating woman is believed to be
500 1. Units {=12.5 microgram of calciferol)".
Some 10 antirachitic Substances have been obtained
by ultra-violet irradiation of sterol precursors, but only two
have been isolated from natural sources. Of these, Calciferol
(D2') is usually prepared artificially from ergosterol; the
other D 3 ., appears to be the commonest natural Vitamin. They
are white crystalline substances.
Vitamin E.:-Another Vitamin which is responsible for
animal and human fecundity, i.e., a nourisher of the reproductive system, has been christened, anti-sterility or antidestrophic, oil-soluble and fat-soluble E. (aloha-beta or
Gamma Tocopherol) by its discoverers, Profs. Herbert Evans
and George Burr. When other- Vitamins are vitally important
for the growth and welfare of animal organism, Vitamin E.
is solely responsible for the very existence of the organism
itself. The animal-male or female, from whose dietary it is
lacking or altogether absent, appears to be absolutely ;terile,
or unable to reproduce, causing premature death of the foetus
in the mother's womb and being resorbed. In the males of
478
the same species, complete deprivation of the Vitamin E.

ultimately produces d,egenerative changes and permanent
sterility or the offspring is wealt, when there is a 1;:lCk of this
Vitamin, there is failure on the part of the body to utilise
iron, and anaemia results. Go:od results have been claimed
from the therapeutic use of this Vitamin (Tocopherol), in '
cases' of habitual abortion. Three closely related tocopherols
are known; the most active of these, ~s a-tocopherol). '
Source and Character:-Vitamin E. can be extracted by
fat-solvents, like light petroleum, ether, absolute alcohol,
benzine etc. It withstands heat to a remarkable extent and
in that respect resembles Vitamin A. But under certain
conditions it is susceptible to qxidation. It is found in
abundance in the organs of certain plants, embryos of seeds,_,
rice-germs, and green leaves of vegetables, chiefly lettuce,
seeds, cotton-seeds and cotton-seed oils, cereals, maize peas,
oats, corns, wheat-germs (germinated whea.t), and wheatgerm oil. It has been isolated in a crystalline form under the,
name of Tocopherol, having the formula of C 29 Hr,o O 2 It
is a complex alcohol having a benzine ring. (Dr. H. V.
Savanur's "A Handbook or Ayurvedic Materia Medica, etc.,
Vol. I.). Vitamin E. is relatively non-toxic.
If offsprings are to be bom to perpetuate the race, the
aid of this Vitamin must be invoked. An animal rendered
sterile for an indefinite period by a special diet free from
Vitamin E. may have fertility re~tored, when fed with this
Vitamin either in regular food-stuffs that contain it or as an
extract. Fortunately, for the perpetuation of human-beings,
the anti-sterility Vitamin is widely distributed among animals
and vegetable food-stuffs, and it is seldom that there is shortage
of this Vitamin in the diet. It is of interest to note, however,
that its distribution is quite different from that of the "Growth
Vitamin", known as Fat-soluble A. Milk-fat, e.g. though rich
in Vitamin A., is poor in Vitamin E. Though Cod Liver Oil
is high in Vitamins A. and D., Vitamin E. is notably lacking
or is NOT present in Cod Liver OiL Throughout the life of
animals, 9% by weight of the ration may be con~~tuted by
Cod Liver Oil, a single drop of which daily, is ad~quate for
A. requirements, and yet ster~lity results.
Chemistry of Vitamin E.:-"In animal tissues in general

(but not in Cod Liver Oil), the Vitamin is present, but never
highly concentrated. When the 'non-seponifiable fraction of
wheat-germ oil is removed, there remains a fraction having
the characteristic physiological action of Vitamin E. From
this fraction, a-tocopherol,. a compound having marked
APPENDICES
47~
Vitamin E. activity, has been isolated. Beta-tocopherol and

Gamma-tocopherol have also biological activity of Vitamin E.,
but in lesser degree."
Heat or drying or al1,y 1Y(ocesses of cooking, of the leaves,

does not impair the activity of this Vitam,in. Moreover "In
the cases of both wheat-germ and lettuce leaf, (which are very
rich sources), ether extraction of the desiccated substances
remove E. quantitatively and secures for us oils which are
efficacious in daily single drop (25 Mg.) administration. E.
is probably present in most commercial oils, so that when the
latter constitute a high proportion of the diet, fertility results.
Such results have been secured with Wesson Oil, Coconut Oil
and Olive Oil." Oils in their natural state have a less concentrated -E. content than wheat-germ, but aicoholic extracts
of a hydrogenated product of cotton-seed oil may be fairly
rich in the Vitamin. Exceedingly concentrated extracts may
be made from wheat-germs, a single dose of 5 milligrams1/5 (one-fifth) of a drop either with the food or administered
hypodermically sufficing to restore fertility."- (Popular
Science Siftings). Vitamin E., is now available either in the
form of concentrates from wheat-germ oil, or as a synthetic
product. Vitamin E. has been synthesized and is known as
a-tocopherol. "It is still doubted whether Vitamin E. has real
influence over the reproductive capacity of human-beings,
particularly males."
Daily l'equirements:-A suitable daily human dose is an
amount equivalent in biological activity to 13 Mgm. of tocopherol is Acetas (B.P. C.) but sufficient is supplied in a
normal diet und~r ordinary circumstances.
Therapeutic dose to be added to the normal diet:-In
normal pregnancy, 3 milligrams daily. When there is history
of abortion, 12 to 24 milligrams daily.
Shortage of Vitamin
Toxaemia of pregnancy.
E.
Causes:-Abortion,
steriliy,
Administration is said to "have benefited cases of dysmenorrhoea; premature labour; certain cases of toxaemia of,
pregnancy; sterility in either sex; deficient lactation; muscular
dystrophy if given for long periods, but many of these cases
have spontaneous remissions";
neuro-muscular diseases;
amystrophic lateral sclerosis; bulbar paralysis and tabes
dorealis. Wheat.,germ oil; which is rich in Vitamin E. has
been found to cure some cases of habitual miscarriage in
women.
480
Vitamin F. aids growth and is found in liver and lettuce;

It is the same as Vitamin B l ., and is comprised of highly
unsaturated fatty acids (comBination of linolic or arachibonic,
linoleic, and linolenic), which are essential for the growth of
yeast cells, and is required in! small amounts, possibly to aid
in the absorption of ordinarY fatty acids. "It is not clear
whether it is a pure compound or a mixture of compounds
illcluding thiamin, biotin, etc., which also have this property.
Linoleic and linolenic acids are present in large quantities
in vegetable and seed fats though not in margarine, but the
presence of arachidonic acid is doubtful. This Vitamin is
said to be included in the preparations of face creams, etc."
"'Deficiencies of Vitamin F. produce 'fat-deficiency disease' due
to deficiency of the essential unsaturated fatty acids characterised by retarded and ultimately arrested growth accompanied by a raised metabolic rate, altered fat and water
metabolism, changes in the skin and hair, renal degeneration
and impairment of the sexual functions."-(A Treatise on
Tropical Therapeutics,-1950).
Vitamin G.:-also called B 2 ) was also applied to niadn
amide, but now it is synonymous with Riboflavin, contained
in fresh milk, liver, meat, green vegetables, bananas and
yeast; prevents skin disease called pellagra.
Vitamin H.:-or co-enzyme R, is biotin, bios II B., is
water-soluble; is shown "to be a cyclic urea compound containing sulphur with carboxyl group. It occurs in high
concentration in tumours.
Biotin is found in food-stuffs containing other members
of the Vitamin B. Complex, particularly yeast, liver, kidney,
light chicken-meat, eggs, and peas, cocoa and cereals.
"Biotin is necessary for the growth of many bacterias
and moulds e.g., staphylococcus, strains of clostridium, yeast
and fungi. It is also a growth hormone for higher plants and
a growth factor for the rat and most animals. If rats are
given purified diets containing sulphaquinidine or succinyl
sulphateniazol, which are bacteriostatic, signs and symptoms
of biotin deficiency are produced, the effect bein~ presumably
due to interference with the bacterial synthesis of biotin in
the intestines."
.
,
"Deficiency of Biotin in man is characterised by exfoliative dermatitis, greyish p~lor of the s~in, atrophy -of the
lingual papillae, disturbed erythropoiesis and spasticity.
Essential for normal growth of yeast, and protecting rats or
chicks against a nutritional injury caused by eating excess
of raw egg-white.
t
~
APPENDICES
481
Vitamin K. 01' Phylloquinone or coagulation Vitamin K.(Because it enables the blood to clot) : -This is a fat-soluble
yellow oil first found in the liver-oil,-a thermostable substance abundant in animal liver-fat, putrefying extracts of
fish-meal, egg-yolk, vegetable fat, rice-bran or casein;
tomatoes, and green leaves and leaf vegetables, especially
spinach, cauliflower, cabbage, lettuce, orange peel, strawberry, soya:-beans, alfalfa-grass and germinating (sprouting)
oats, probably formed also in intestinal canal of man by natural
bacterial flora. "Naturally occurring Vitamin K. is non-toxic,
but menadione in doses of 180 mg. is reported to cause vomiting
porphyrinuria and transient albuminuria."
"Normally,
Vitamin K. is present in the ordinary articles of diet in
sufficient quantities to ensure that every adult carries a normal
amount. But in the new born baby it may be absent or
deficient and this would be dangerous to life. To overcome
this potential cause of infant mortality, two therapeutic
equivalents of Vitamin K. have been discovered. One is ethylI>hytylnapthaquinone and other nepthaquinone derivatives,
which can be synthesized to replace it. But, chief medicinal
supply is synthetic. K. takes its name from coagulation of
blood. It is probably an essential group in the prothrombin
molecule for the formation of prothrombin, by the liver.
Bacterial synthesis of Vitamin K. occurs in the intestine.
"Goodman and Gilman have described the blood-clotting
phenomenon as the summation of interaction between prothrombin, Thromboplastin and Calcium produdng Thrombin; this
together with fibrinogen produces fibrin. Deficiency in one or
more of these factors produces an abnormality in blood-clotting.
It is noteworthy that human blood may be severely deficient
in prothrombin and still exhibit a normal or only slightly
subnormal clotting time. Severe deficiencies of prothrombin,
of' course, produce great prolongation of the clotting time. It
has been found that the haemorrhagic diathesis in jaundice
is almost always associated with lowered blood prothrombin."
- ("Pharmacology and Therapeutics" by Dr. M. A. Kamath).
This Vitamin is associated with the normal functioning of
liver and also with normal clotting of blood, and is essential
for the normal synthesis of prothrombin in the body. Vitamin
K. raises the prothrombin content to normal within 2'! to 48
hours. If given orally, in cases of jaunckice, 5 grains of bilesalts should also be given; otherwise this fat-soluble factor
is not absorbed. To secure prompt action, it should be given
by intramuscular injection in doses of 5 to 10 Mg., in 0.5%
solution of arachis oil. It has also been found useful for
minimising post-operative bleeding in cases of jaundice, and
31
482
for preventing and treating haemorrhagic diseases of the

I
new-born.
Acito-menaphthonum is a: preparation, which is given
orally in tablets to expectant rnothers during a week before
labour. This dose is 1/6 to 1 grain.
Vitamin K.:-is not stored in any appreciable quantities
in the body. What little is stored is held in the liver. Injury
to liver may cause deficiency of Vitamin K. and reduce the.
clotting quality of blood.
In haemophilia, prothrombin
content is normal although the clotting time is greatly
prolonged, and Vitamin K. is of no value in haemophilia,
purpura, and intrinsic diseases of the blood-forming organs
or as a non-specific haemostatic. Obstructive jaundice lowers
the prothrombin of blood and patients undergoing surgical
operation may die of haemorrhage. In such cases, the use
of Vitamin K. does good. Infants disposed to haemorrhage
show improved quality of blood on treatment with Vitamin.
K. Two active substances have been isolated.
Vitamin Kt.:-generally used under the name Menaphthonum (Kapilon), (alpha-phylloquinone) is 3-phyty 1-2
methyl-lA-naphthoquinone, found most abundantly in the
green leaves of plants and alfalfa grass,
a light yellow oil
which crystallises on cooling in acetone or alcohol solution. It
is probably the most active, though there are several varieties,
all with similar action. But, methyl-naphthoquinone a
synthetic equivalent with a slightly different formula, is easier
to make, so is the one chiefly used. "It has been synthesised
also as a derivative of nephthaquinone". Vitamin K. is not
absorbed from the intestines, in the absence of bile-acids.
Therefore, when given orally, it is desirable to give bile-salts
along with this Vitamin. Curiously enough a similar and
almost equally effective variety occurs in the bodies of
tubercle bacilli; it has also been synthesized as menaphthonum.
Menap"bthonum is insoluble in water, but slightly soluble
in alcohol. It is destroyed by exposure to light.,.,. It is given
in doses of 1/12 to 1/6 grain (5 to 10 ,Mg.) The synthetic
product 2-Methyl-1 : 4~naphthoquinone is generally used in
practice and is given intra muscularly..
~_
Daily dietary requirenients:-Unknown.
TherapeuticDose: -Adults 100 to 200 millidrams daily'
babies 5 to 10 mg.
""
Vitamin K 2 .:-is a 3:;difarnesyl-2-methyl-l.4 nephthaquinone, formed by putrefactiye..bactetia in putrefied fish-meal a
,
."...,.-
is
,.
APPENDICES
483
light yellow crystalline solid. Active analogues - all derivatives of 2-methy-1.4-nephthoquinone, - (some water-soluble)
have been synthesized and used therapeutically in various
conditions involving delayed blood clotting.
Menaphthone B. P. (Menadione, Vitamin K. analoglle)~
it is methyl-nephthaquinone derivative. It is a yellow powder
and is sold under the proprietary name of kapilon and

prokyavit in anlpoules containing 5 mgm. dissolved in 1 cern.
of oil. It should be given intramuscularly to ensure absorption;
oral administration is unreliable, btLt if given orally, it sho'ltld
be combined with 2 to 3 gm. of bile salt. The absorption of
5 mgm. produces a prolongation of clotting time.
It is ~seful in h~morrhagic states of the new-born. In
surgical operations and cases of the obstructionaljaundice of
long duration, where there is tendency to bleeding, one injection before operation maY.raise the clotting time to normal.
In haemophilia, it is of no value but the administration of
oestrogen, natural or synthetic, may check the bleeding.
Haemorrhagic disease of infants may be prevented by giving
Vitamin K. to mother just before delivery in doses of 1 mgm.
daily.
Deficiency of Vitamin Ii. causes:-Delay in the clotting

time of blood and subcutaneous and intramuscular haemorrhage. Synthesis of prothrombin not properly carried
out by liver, so there is a tendency to haemorrhage in the
new-born and in cases of jaundice.
"Vitamin K. deficiency, 'which is detected by 'a lowering
of the blood prothrombin level (hypoprothrombinaemia) may
occur in any of the following circumstances: - (1) Inadequate
supply of Vitamin K.: - (a) Nutritional deficiencies of Vitamin
K.; (b) Conditioned deficiency of Vitamin K. as produced by
sulphaguanidine, succinyl sulphathiazole, etc.; (c) Idiopathic
hypoprothrombinaemia; (2) Inadequate intestinal absorption
due to lack of bile in the intestine as in jaundice and intestinal obstruction, pancreatic insufficiency, etc.; (3) Injury to
the lung; (4) Infection particularly of the respiratm''Y tract;
(5) Haemorrhage.
Indic'ations for the therapeutic use of Vitamin K. are:-(a) Neonatal haemorrhage in which Vitamin K. substances
are administered to the mother prior to delivery. The administration of compounds possessing Vitamin K. activity will
exert no effect on haemonhage occurring at the time of
delivery, but they appear definitely to decrease the amount
of haemorrhage that may occur secondarily following delivery.
THE INDIAN MATERIA IVIEDICA
In other words administration 'Of Vitamin K. daily to mothers

for a week, before labour increflses the prothrombin content
in the blood of the new-born infants, which may also receive
2 mg. soon after birth as a prophylactic against haemorrhagic
disease of the new-born. (b) Obstructive jaundice.-the
bleeding tendency that develops in this condition, usually prior
to surgery of biliary structures is an indication for Vitamin
K. therapy; i.e., haemorrhage associated with obstructive
jaundice; (c) HaemoLThagic states associated with ulcerative
- colitis, sprue and coeliac disease are affected specifically by
Vitamin K.; (d) Cirrhosis of the liver, hepatic atrophy, and
ascites, are nonsurgical forms of hepatic diseases, which are
accompanied by hypoprothrombinaemia; (e) Pulmonary
tuberculosis-as an aid in preventing haemorrhage."-(A
Treatise on Tropical Therapeutics).
"
Vitamin L 1 and L 2 .:--Factors L j and L~. claimed to be
essential for the lactation in young rats, are stated to be
present in beef-liver extract and yeast respectively. It has
been suggested that these factors may be identical with the
liver filtrate factor of Morgan and Simms or some other factor.
present in the "filtrate factor". The existence of these factors
has not been confirmed.
Vitamin M. (Folic Acid):-This Vitamin is identical with
Folic Acid, and is present in yeast and crude liver extract.
Deficiency of this causes a pellagrous syndrome of anaemia,
leuco-cytopoenia, diarrhoea and mouth lesions in. monkeys,
on account of lowered resistance of intestinal mucotis to
infection by B. dysenteriae.
N.B.: ("Vitamin M. is different from the well-known
members of the Vitamin B. (complex) such as
pantothenic acid, choline, para-amino benzoic acid,
pyridoxine and, inositol)". "These, monkeys also
responded to highly-purified lacto-bacillu5 casei
factor."
"F,actor U.":-A water-soluble growth factor of chicks;
it occurs in yeast, wheat-bran, and corn. Tbis may be identical
with Vitamin Be.
<"'(
Rice Polish Factor: -A factor, recently discovered, is
essential for the growth and maintenance of animals receiving
all other known Vitamins, or factors. It is pl'esent ifi-l'icepolishing and has been suggested to be complimentary to
Vitamin B G in preventing rat dermatitis. This. .really may be
a complex, as it can be replaced by a mixture of glycine and
glycuronic acid or certain pentoses.
Vitanlin P. (Rutin, H~9P_eridin.; Methyl Chalcone) or,
APPENDICES
485'
citrin occurring naturally in lemon JUIce, is water-solublE':

always found in association with and dosely related to
Vitamin C.; possibly related to the (yellow) flavanone,
hesperidin, chalcone, an unstable body, which can be stabilised
and made water-soluble by methylation; and believed to be
concerned in controlling the number of haemorrhages,'
occurring in the course of certain conditions by the resistance
of the capillary walls to the application of pressure. Citrin
was later found to consist of mixed crystals of two different
flavone glucosides: one hesperidin (m.p. 261) forming the
major part, and the other an eriodictol or eriodictyol glucoside
to which the activity of citrin was attributed. Recently
R. H. Higby investigated- crude preparations of the flavanone
constituents- of citrus peel, including orange hesperidin, lemon
citrin and lemon eriodictin, all of which were found to
contain, in varying proportions, both the blood pressure
reducing factor and the capillary permeability factor. Hesperidin has been administered to patients whose capillary
tonus was decreased in vascular haemorrhagic diseases as a
result of trauma, pressure, avitaminosis, bacterial invasion,
chemical injury or lymphatic infiltration. A large measure of
success was attained where the purpura was allergic, infective,
or nutritional, but not whe1'e it was mechanical. (1. N. Kugelmass, J. Amer., lVIed. Ass. i/1940. 519).
Experiments suggest that it prevents or controls capillary
fragility and controls or maintains normal permeability; so
is active against scurvy and' purpura; a further property of
great importance, if it is confirmed, is that it appears to :'educe
blood pressure. A deficiency of Vitamin P. may exist in
man even when. he has been taking large doses of ascorbic
acid for long periods. Its clinical manifestations include pains
in the legs on exertion and pains across the shoulders.
weakness, lassitude and -easy fatigue, with a reduced capillary
resistance, characterised by the development of spontaneous'
petechial haemorrhages in areas of skin subject to pressure.
It responds to treatment with Vitamin P. Purpura haemorrhagia after arsenic therapy was ~uccessfully treated with
Vitamin P: The erythema and dermatitis occurring 83 toxic
manifestations of anti-syphilitic therapy are shown to be
associated with a low capillary resistance and clinical
improvement follows the use of Vitamin P.
Vitamin P., like Vitamin C., appears to be readily destroyed by oxidising agents and is unstable in alkaline Sohltion.
Vitamin P. is present in paprika (a variety of Capsicum
annuum grown all over Europe), chillies, pimentos, oranges.
486
lemon peel.and juice (citrus fruits), black cunants, tomatoes,

green vegetables, in extracts I. of Hungarian red-pepper,
grapes, plums, prunes, and a' purry made of rose-hips:
'Paprika' contains about 4 or
times as much Vitamin C.
as lemon.
s:
A water-soluble concentrate prepared from black-currants

was 100 times as active as re-crystallised Hesperidin.
Exact requirements and therapentic dosage are said to be

Yet, "Hesperidin in daily doses of 1/4 to 1
gram orally, or 10 to 1:5 mg. intramuscularly is at present on
trial in the treatment of purpuras, particularly those of
anaphylactoid, dietatic and arsenical types." "Recently
considerable question has been raised as to whether or 'not
Vitamin P. has any physiological or pharmacological effect in
humans. Considerable data suggests it has none."
1mlcnown so far.
For
BOOKS AND PERIODICALS CONSULTED FOR
AppenAPPENDICES IV & V.
dices.
IV
v
IV
IV&V
IV
,
IV
IV
IV
1. Home & Village Doctor

Chandra Das Gupta.
(1945)
2. Extra Pharmacopoeia (1943) Vol. II by

Martind~le.
3. Nutritive Value of Indian Foods & the Planning of Satisfactory Diets. (Health Bulletin
No. 23 (1937) by W. R. AyKroyd., of Government of India).
4. O'Meara's Medical Guide and Book of Prescriptions (1924).
4 (a) O'Meara's Medical Guide and Book of
Prescriptions for India & the Tropics (1947).
5. Pocket Book of V~getable Gardening, (1942)
by C. H. Nissley.
6. Famous Book of Herbs by Heath :& Heather,
Ltd., London.
,
7. Pharmaceutical Pocket Book (_1944f = _
8. New Pocket. Quiz Book, (1945) by Slifer &
Crittenden.
9. "Hind Fisherman", October 1951, Page 12.
10. Library of Health, Vol. V-Science in the
Kitchen, bY- M~s. E. 'E. Kellogg.
I
IV&V
IV
by Satish
APPENDICES
IV
,
IV
IV
IV
V
V'
IV&V
V
#
487
11. Better Homes, (1947) by M. A. ~eedham &

A. G. Strong.
12. Teddington Chemical Factory Ltd., Bombay,
-Diary for 1951.
13 .. Kaufmann on Disease (booklet) pub.-A. P.
Ordway & Co., Manufacturing Chemists, New
York, N.Y.
14. Home Science (1930) by Wyskoff & Marshall.
15. Three Ways to Health (1941) by H. C.
Menkel.
16. Chambers' Technical Dictionary (194}J).
.17. "Health & Happiness" monthly of Calcutta:February 1933, page 26 (V); May 1933 page
117 (V) ; June 1933, page 140 (IV); Oct. 1933
page 218 (V); April 1934, page 89 (V); October
1934, page 238 (IV); December 1934, pages
282 to 287 (V); November 1935, pages .268 to
269 (V); December 1938, pages 298 to 299
(IV & V) ; January 1939, page 21 (IV & V);
July 1939, page 154 (IV) .
18. Hana Book of Medical Management, . (1951)
by M. Chatton & others.
APPENDIX VI.
Principal Forms of Ayurvedic Medication and Methods of

their Preparation and uses in brief:"Ayurvedic Vegetable Materia Medica includes not only
crude drugs proper, but also a large number of preparations
made from them: -e.g., as given in this Appendix."
"As different parts or plants contain different properties,
only those parts which contain efficient properties are used in
the below-mentioned forms of preparation. Whole plants are
used in the case of herbs which are very small and possess
one uniform Rasa ( ~ ) in all their parts. Each variety
of preparation has its own value in therapeutics. The
Churnas are rather bulky preparations and on account of
their complex nature take more time to act. It is, therefore,
desirable that only those drugs whose principles are easily
soluble or separable should be chosen in the preparation of
Churnas. Sugar, common salt, rock salt, etc., are generally
mixed with these powders in order to make them more active
and palatable. Water, milk, honey and ghee are some of the

488
fruits like the

on vehicles. In some cases, the juices of"
corom
d~ W h'Ieh
lemon or pomegranate are us ed ,as t h e organIC"
aCI
they contain, facilitate the a,::tion of the Churnas. Before
using the powders of the whole drugs, it is therefore necessary
to ascertain which drugs are water-soluble and which are not.
In modern Pharmacopoeia, fllcohol, ether and the like are
used as solvents to help the easy solution of the constituents,
which are insoluble in water. (Tinctures are instances of
such processes). This is because modern Pharmacologists
are in favour of availing themselves of the important constituents only and not all the parts of the drugs. Ayurvedists,
on the other hand, have attached more importance to the
clinical findings and have based the pharmacological value
of the whole drugs on the results of experience. In the place
of tinctures, they have used, decoctions and infusions. They
. have again used extracts occasionally, evidently for the
purpose of portability and adaptability and also for the facility
of concentration, which they afford. Similarly methods of
maceration, percolation and precipitation have been used to
separate the soluble from the insoluble constituents of the
drugs. Satvas ( Bt'l ) are instances of such preparations.
Whole drugs were used by the Ayurvedists of the olden
times for reasons not only pharmacological and economical ..
but also social i.e. relatihg to the tastes, habits, customs and
social conditions, obtaining then in the country.
It
must be admitted that strides of civilisation have always something to do with the turn of mind of particular generations:
yet we cannot ignore the fact that the system had grOWll
in India on account of both extraneous circumstances and
intrinsic virtues. . So far as the scientific methods are
concerned, it may be said that the ( qt;=.r lTfu'fi ) Panchabhautika character of dravya.s ( ~e<!l"l ) prominently occupied
the minds of the Ayurvedists; ~nd not the analytic and
synthetic methods of the West, as the latter, though practical
could not satisfy the basic: theories of the Orientals. "It is the
character of the \Vestern intelligence to analyse, separate and
combine," but this process is sometimes too elabora and the
results obtained are sometimes time-serving. TherE: is also a
tendency to artificialise, which makes the subject more and
more complex. The motto of the West is to find out.~drugs
or remedies, which have a specific property capable of a sure
and rapid action. These tendencies, though useful in serving
one purpose, are not free from thel faults of commission and
omission." (Dr. H. V. Savnur's-HA Hp.ndbook of Aynrvedie:
Materia Medica, etc." (1950).)
#
APPENDICES
489
1. Anjans are remedies intended to be used in eyes for

their local or general effects. To relieve pain especially in
the head, An-jans are commonly resorted to in Ayurveda.
2. Araks or A1kas or Arkams are distilled essences or
liquors, made by soaking drugs in water for 24 to 48 hours.
and then extracting...their essence by distillation; the essence
or liquors thus obtained are Arkas. Arab are usually
equivalent to aquae or 'waters' of the British Pharmacopoeia,
and they are prepared in the same way. They are used in
fevers, dyspepsia ~d externally as cooling lotions.
3. Aristas (See also Asavas) , are weak alcoholic preparations ~'epared by making a decoction of the drugs and
then allov;i'ing them to undergo fermentation by the help of
raw sugar or honeys. Fermentation is allowed to go on for
a period of 7-10 days in hot weather, for 15 to 30 days in
cold weather.
4. Asavas or Asavam & Aristas 01' A1'istams (Asav~
arishtas) are medicated spirituous liquors. They are prepared with honey and treacle and various medicinal substances,
such as roots, leaves, barks, etc., of plants cut into pieces
and steeped in water and laid aside in air-tight earthen jars
for vinous "fermentation 01' at least six months. The proportion of the different ingredients, is generally as follows:Water 32 seers (or 1024 tolas), treacle or jaggery 12~ seers,
(or 400 tolas), and honey 6:} seers, (or 200 tolas), medicinal
substances 1! seers, (or 40 to1as), in powder or decoction.
-When raw vegetable juices are used for fermentation, the
resulting fluid or liquid is called Asava.
In other words,
Asavas are weak alcoholic preparations prepared by infusing
the drugs, in cold water and Rllowing to undergo fermentation
with the help of raw s_ugar or honey." The above difference
in Arishtas and AS(Lvas is not t'rti:e in all cases. Some Asavas
are prepared by decoction and some A1'ishtas from infusion."Dr. J . R. Goyal. When the decoction of drugs only is used for
fermentation, the fermented product is called Arishta. These
preparations combine the virtues or properties of spirituous
drinks and those of the drugs used in preparing them. Many
of these are stomachics, stimulants, tonics, astringents.
alteratives, febrifuges, etc.
5. AV(Llehas are Lehas, linctuses or confections or thickened extracts. Thes'e are equivalent to confections, electuaries
or conserves of the B. P . To prepare them, decoction, after
being strained, is again boiled down to a thick soft consistencv
with sugar or honey. If sugar is to be used in this prepat'atio~,
490
its quantity should be four times that of the drugs, and in

the case of jaggery, it should "\Je doub,le that of the drugs.. If
water or milk or cow's urine is to be added, the quantIty
to be ~dded sho'uld be four tim~s that of the drugs used. These
extracts or confections, when \properly made, should sink in
water, do not readily dissolve in water, can be drawn out into
-threads or wires, an~ if made thicker, will receive impressions
of coins on their surface. They should show a good colour and
emit sweet smell. Extracts are generally administered with
the addition of milk, sugarcane juice, sugar or any other infusions or decoctions or powders, in 4 tolas desirable under
1he circumstances. A valehas are used for digestive troubles,
respiratory affections and for general tonic effect on the body.
5 (a). Ba~i: """':::There are pills or tablets.
6. Bhasmas or Bhasms: (Se~: -Sinduras).
These are
called alkaline ashes and are prepared from vegetable and
mineral substances. Vegetable ;lshes: -In the case of Vegetable, the drugs containing more or less alkalies are at first
made into a coarse powder or pieces, and then burnt till they
are completely reduced to ashes.
Mineral ashes: -In
preparing these, metals are first subjected to a process of
purification. The purified mass is then oxidised. The
oxidised product is then subjected to a process of roasting.
Finally, the roasted mass is reduced to a fine powder, when
it is fit for use. Ashes are also prepared from various animal
products, such as, hart's horn, pearls, cowries, etc.
6(a). Bhasms or Bhasmas (Ashes)-are also usually
oxides of metals (reduced metals) intended for internal use. In
Ayurveda great emphasis is laid on the way a Bho.srn. i'i
prepared. An oxide prepared in slightly different way, though
chemically identical, is said to possess different properties.
'Crude metals, such as gold, silver, copper, etc., al'e first
purified in vegetable oils and juices of different plants. They
are then roasted, oxidised and finally reduced to such a degree.
that these reduced particles actually float on the water, and
this is the usual test in Ayurveda to see that the Bhamnas
become Varitara ("floating on water").
This te'tt, though
seems very ordinary, has very great importance. from the
medication point of view. Bhasrnas of such test ID'e easily
assimilated in the general system and they directly mcrease
the metabolism and have a definite action upon the endocrine
glands. This is the observation of Mis. D.K~. Sandu Bros.'
Phar~aceutical Works, Chembur, Bombay,' in their own
practIce. They add that the chemical analysis of the Bhasrnas,
manufactured by them, does not give'very satisfactory results
APPENDICES
491
and that will help them to standardise their preparations from

the therapeutical point of view; in spite of the fact, they say,
that they cannot ignore the marvellous results, obtained, a."ld
hence they are strictly following the process laid down by the
Slw.stras.
N. B.:-"As fresh or preserved medicinal plants . or their juices or
their liquid extracts, could not be had ready at hand at all times and
in all places, Bhasmas, furnish a permanent and equally (or even more)
effective medicament, ready-made and available everywhere. Scondly,
the process involves physico-chemical action of various medicinal herbs
on different metals or other inorganic substances, thus transferring the
properties of the former to those substances, and making them more
easily assimilable. In this way, a particular metal is not only rendered
innocuous, but it can be easily absorbed in the human system, consequently hnving optimum effect with minimum dosage. The various
Bhasmas are either Satwas ,i.e., activated principles, or Salts. i.e. organic
chemical compounds. Praval mauktik, etc., belong to the first group;
while Tamra, Jasad, Nag, etc., comprise the second variety. There is
another method, which involves interaction of inorganic substan(~es, viz.,
Nag and Mallsheel, Vanga and Hartal, etc. Though this method is more
economical as regards time and' money, and Bhasmas prepared
accordingly are more powerful in action, yet they are less tolerable to
the human system and may show toxic symptoms. Thus, the main object
underlying this process, viz., to activate inorganic substances, is bettel'
achieved by the first method, i.e., physico-chemical action of different
medicinal herbs. In spite of the fact that it is more elaborate, laborious
and expensive, it is the only method of choice on reasonable and
scientific grounds, as it combines therqpeutic properties of both the
groups and provides us with preparations easily assimilabie and
heightened in their therapeutic standard.
A few points of practical importance require special mention as
regards the preparation of this category1. No preparation of this group is regarded fit for intenlal atlministration unless it is Niruttha i.e., it forms a stable compound with the
herb-products used as reagents; otherwise its molet?ules may dissociate
to reform the original metal and thus may show untoward symptoms.
It is therefore, of paramount importance to see that the preparations
must be genuine and stand the rigid scientific tests; and then they
'must come only from reliable manufacturers.
2. All preparations of metals, i.e., Bhasmas, have a common earthy
taste (though not metallic on any account), but they vary in colour
according to the method of choice.
3. As a general rule, the older the preparation the more efficacious
and innocuous it becomes.
4. These preparations should always be stored in glass-stoppered
bottles.
5. One Bhasma given in combination with different vehicles and
under different pathological aspects shows minor shade:: of variation in
its therapeutic action.
6. Some preparations of this group are very strong in nature
and as such they should be used with due caution. Haratal Bhasma
is the strongest, and Talma, Loha, lUandoor, Makshika, Abllrak, Praval,
etc., follow in descending order.
492
THE U'U)IAN MATERIA MEDICA
7. Bhavana is a process in which powders are soaked

in various fluids, such as the expressed juice of herbs,
decoctions etc., and then dried.~ For this purpose the quantity
of juice added to the powder should be sufficient to cover it.
The mixture is then allowed tb dry in a shaded place. This
process is repeated twice, thl;ice or as many times, as is
necessary.
8. Choornas or Churnas or Chlo'narns are powdermixtures prepared by pounding dry mineral, animal or vegetable substances in a mortar with a pestle and passing the
powder through cloth or linen, or fine sieve. "If jaggery is
to be mixed with the powder, it should be equal to the
Churn a and in the case of sugar, it should be double the
Churna. If asafoetida is to be mi~ed, it should always be
baked over fire to prevent nausea. Usually l)owders'are taken
with milk or hot water, or cow's urine, etc., and are often
used four times in quantity. Sometimes with ghee, oil, honey
or sugar, their proportion is just sufficient to mix the dose,
or even double the Churna in quantity. 'Where no directions
are given, hot water is the only 'Annpctn' or vehicle. C/W1'1w.,
prepared without the ~id of machinen-J are considered '1nme
effective. Choornas (Powders) are particularly useful in
later stages of severe maladies after the well-known Bhas1nns
and Rasayanas, are used smd the morbid process has been
brought to the minimum. These are required to be gi \Ten in
bulk, and their action, though quick, is only temporary. These
are the least toxic and dangerous, arid theil' efficacy depends
on timing their administration in relation it) the disease and
the hour of the day, meals, etc.
9. Dhun.i or fumigations are local appHcations consisting
of various incenses and of pungent veg~table, animal or
mineral substances. They are capable of being volatilised by
heat, and the vapour which escapes, may be directed towards
a limited part, such as the head, face or anus, or widely
diffused over the skin of the whole body.
10. Dhupana is a process used for f)atients; it is as
follows: -The patient is made to lie on his hack in...,a sleeping
posture, in a cane chair, or on a couch, all his clothes having
been previously removed. He is then covered over with a
blanket. Incenses or other drugs are sprinkled over hurning
coals kept in an iron or copper plate. The fire (with bur'ninO'
drugs) is put under the chail' or couch, and the ftimes di"ected
to the naked body.
11. Dravakas or Dmvakams or Dravas Or distilled mineral
aoids,-several formulae are/given in,diffel'ellt works for their'
APPENDICES.
493
preparation. A number of mineral substances or salts are

heated in a retort and the distilled fluid collected in a glass
receiver. The acids are tested and- regarded as well-made
by their property of dissolving a cowrie or shell thrown into
them. There are two varieties of DJ'avalca, called SwalpaDravaka and Shan1ca-Dravaka.
12. Faanta (See: Plwntas), is infusion prepared in hot
water by steeping (for 12 hours) in an earthen vessel, pounded
drugs 1 part, in 4 or 8 parts of fresh boiled water, till it
becomes cold. The fluid decanted from this vessel after the
stated period is called "phanta". It should be used in the.
same way as decoction. The dose is 8 t01as.
13.
Gandha~pakas: -
(See: --Tailapaka paragraph).
14. Ghritas or Ghrithams or Ghritapakas, are preparations of medicated ghees (Ghritas) or clarified butter. The
Ghrita or clarified butter is first of all heated on a fire so as
to deprive it of any water that may be mixed with it. A little
turmeric juice is then added to purify it. Ghrita thus purified
is placed on a fire in an earthen, copper or iron pan and melted
with a, gentle heat. Then the medicinal paste (lcarlca) and
fluids to be used, are added, and the whole boiled together
till the watery portion is all evaporated and the ghrita is free
from the froth. It is then strained through cloth and preserved
for use. Gh'rit(~ thus prepared should be imbued with the
colour, taste and odour of the medicines with which it has
been boiled.
The preparation of ghrita by boiling is not
completed in one day; the medicines are allowed to remain
in contact with the butter for sometime, so that their active
'principles may be thoroughly extracted. The usual proportion
of the ingredients is this: -Vegetable drugs in paste, is 1 part
to 4 parts of clarified butter, or ghee, and 16 parts of water.
When liquids thicker than water, such as decoctions or
,expressed juices are used, the proportion of the solids or the
paste is 1/6 or even 1/8 of the clarified butter. The boiling
process is carried on t9 three degrees, called respectively,
rnrid%t or mild, madhyama or the intermediate, and kham
meaning hard or overdone.
the first, the boiled paste is
soft; is suitable for use as snuff; in the second, it is just
soft enough to be made into pills with the finger. In the
third form, it is turned hard and dry. The intermediate form
is prefened for internal administration and injection into' the
rectum, while the over-boiled form is used for external
application. The under-boiled form is said to be suitable fot
-use as enhin~s.
..
In
494
Ghritas are also prepared by mixing the powdered drugS'

in ghee (preferably cow's) which should be at least of 1 year
old; sometimes the mixture 'is boiled with water or milk, or
the decoctions of the expressed juices, of vegetable drugs or
powder, for some time, so that the active ingredients of the
drugs go in solution in ghee ahd then it is filtered hot through
a piece of muslin. 'The filter~d ghee is used both internally
or externally as required. Though ghee in itself has very
useful properties, ghritapakas, i.e., ghees impregnated with
efficacious and active herbs, are usefully prescribed to
emaciated and run-down patients, with very low appetite and
digestion, dry skin, constipated bowels, mentally worried and
tired of drugging. Ghritas are to be taken only with meals
and hence satisfy a worried patient, that he is not uD...'1ecessarily
drugged. Ghritas should be preserved in glass-stoppered
bottles to protect them from deteriorating.
15. Gudikas or Gulikas (Pills) : - (See also VatikasTablets), are large pills or boluses. The method of preparation
is just the same as in the case of 'Vatikas' or 'Vataka'. These
are intended to be swallowed whole by chewing or without.
These including Guggulu, are very much milder than the
Bhasrnas and Rasaya'Y!-as, with a very few exceptions. These
are, as a general rule, less durable and deteriorate on exposure
to the atmosphere, and hence require to be kept well-protected.
These are useful to the run-down and weak patients suffering
from chronic complaints and sensitive to any medicament hot
in nature. Similarly these are required to be continued for
days together, as action on the systematic tissues is very slow
and mild in nature. But they have one very great advantage,
viz., they can be administered to children and the aged, and
during pregnancy, where Bhasmas and Rasayanas cannot be
tolerated.
16. Himams are cold infusions prepared by steeping for
one whole night 1. part of powdered drugs in 6 parts of cold
water. The dose and the method of preparation are the same
as in the case of 'phanta' or 'Faanta'.
17. Kalkas (pounded mass) is paste prepared b$' griI}ding
dry or fresh whole vegetable substances, moistened with water,
if necessary, on a flat stone or slab with a muller~into thin
paste, ball, or a vicious lump. When honey, ghee or oil is
to be added to the mass, it ~hould be douple the quantity of
the drug. But in the event of the addition of sugar or jaggery,
the proportion should be equal, and when liquids are to be
added, they should be four times the mass.
17 (a) Kalpas: -See "Jlanaushqdhi Kalpas".
/
_.
APPENDICES
495-
18. Kanjika is a sour liquid produced from the acetous

fermentation of powdered paddy and other grains. Two
seers of powdered paddy (grown in rainy season) are steeped
in 8 seers of water and laid aside in a covered earthen pot
for 15 days and upwards, so that it may undergo acetous fer-mentation. The resulting fluid is called Kanjika or Dhanyamla, that is, the acid produced from paddy. Kanjika is a
clear transparent fluid with an acid taste and vinous smelL
It is cooling, refrigerant, and useful as a drink in fever, burn-ing of the body, etc. Other grains besides paddy are sometimes used for acetous fermentation. If mustard or the seeds
of Raphanus sativus are used instead of paddy, the resulting
fluid is called Sintaki. If the husked grains of barley are
boiled and steeped in water, the resulting acid liquor is called
Sattvira. When the husks of fried seeds of Phaseolus roxburghii and barley are boiled together for acetous fermentation, the acid is called Tushamvu. Arnala is a soul gruel made
froIJl fermentation of boiled rice.
19. Khandapaka-means Confections. These are made
by adding to syrup, medicines in fine powder and gently stirring them over a slow fire till intimately mixed and reduced
to proper consistence, i.e., that of an extract. Honey is usually subsequently added to confections.
20. Ksharams or Ksharas (Alkalies) :-Medicinal plants

or herbs, or specified parts of them, are wholly or completely
burnt, and their ashes allowed to dissolve or mix in watel:
allowed to stand, and which after filtration, is evaporated.
The residue thus left is a white fine powder, which is called
Kshar, is a very useful preparation, effectively acting on thecomplaints of liver and spleen. As a rule, Ksharas are very
active, costic and corrosive, and hence should be used with
discretion and caution. These are stimulating to digestive
secretion, anti-fermentative, and useful in cases of ascites and
abdominal tumours. An overdose or indiscriminate use leadsto decay and falling of teeth, stomatitis and destruction of
body tissues. In cases of pregnant women, tuberculous
patients, the aged and young child1en, ksharas should be prescribed very judJiciottSly.
21. Kshirapaka is decoction in milk. One part of medicine or drug is boiled in 8 parts of milk and thirty-two of
water, till the water is evaporated and the milk alone remains;
the decoction is then strained .
22. Kvaths (or Quat7~s) or Kadhas, or decoctions are
generally prepared by boiling 1 part (! to 2 tolas) of vegetable
substances or drugs, (roots, woods, barks and leaves of fresh
496
plants), previously pounded into coarse powder or cut .or

sliced into small pieces, and, then boiled over a slow fire wIth
8 or 16 parts of water, till the whole is reduced to one-fourt~,
or 1/8, or 1/16 of the total water is' left. The decoction IS
then strained through cloth., When decoctions are prepared
with dry substances, 8 parts of water are used. Quaths or
decoctions are administered with (anupans) vehicles like
salt, honey, sugar, treacle, alkalies, (alkaline ashes) ghee, oil,
or some medicinal powders, as the case may require. The
principal drug should be taken or mixed with the quaths.
Every day, the decoction should be prepared fresh, in several
doses for the whole day, for administration; it should under
no CirctLmstances be kept overnight. Always prepare fresh
Quaths. Decoctions are of different strengths, as under:--
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
"Paachan"-is a decoction in which the splution is

reduced to one-half of the total quantity. It
digests the "Aamadosha".
"Deepan"-is a decoction in which the solution is
reduced to one-tenth. It stimulates excretion.
"Shodhana" is that type of decoction in which the
solutIon is reduced to one-twelfth of the total
quantity. It eliminates excretion.
"Shamana" is a decoction in which the solution is
reduced to one-eighth. It modifies the severity
of the disease.
"l'arpana" is a decoction in which the solution is boiled
till it reaches the bOiling-point. In nourishes
the Dhatu8, (tissues).
"Kledana" is a decoction in which the solution is reduced to one-fourth. It causes disquietudedistress to the heart .
"Vishoshee" is also a decoction in which the solution is
reduced to one-sixteenth. It causes thirst.
..
7.
General instructions regarding the preparation of decoctions:'i(.
A decoction should not be allowed to evaporate after the

proper strength is reached, nor should it be. boiled again after
being on~e taken off the fire and placed ,on the ground:
A decoction should be rejected when .(a) it assumes a
dark? b~ue or red colour; (b) it becomes thick, slimy or weak;
(c) It IS over-boiled; & (d) it emits a raw or rotten fleshy
smell.
t
APPENDICES
497
The odour of the decoction should be of the nature of the

drugs used, and its appearance pure or lustrous.- (A HandBook of Ayurvedic Materia Medica, etc., (1950.
"Famous Ayurvedic Ltd., concerns are preparing Quaths
in concentrated liquor form, wherein all the properties of the
crude Quaths have been fully preserved. These liquid Quuths,
although free from alcohol remain well-preserved for a long
time. Though rather slow in action, these have penetrating
properties and are very useful in chronic cases.
23. Lepums or Lepus are plasters prepared by mixing

various resinous substances together. Lepa.<; from proprietary
preparations come in the form of globules, which should be
rubbed, preferably with hot water (unless otherwise stated).
The mode of application varies. Some put resinous substances
into any hot spirit, till a kind of paste is formed. When cold,
it is applied, after washing the affected parts quite clean, to
the ~ected part, which is then covered with cotton-wool and
the Lep is allowed to remain over the skin for 4, 5, or 7 days.
Some Lepas are prepared by mixing powders with water,
lemon juice, ghee or egg, and applied to the parts affected.
Another mode of application is to mix a drug or drugs; in hot
or cold water, and spread it on a piece of brown paper, or
muslin, is known as mustard plaster or lep. The previous
applications should be washed away with hot water and the
part dried before a fresh one is applied. It shoHld never be
sc'raped dry, as it irritates the skin and causes inflammation
A subsequent application is only made after washing the pre. vious one; and the part is, under no circumstances, to be
fomented after the application. It should be likewise covered
with cotton-wool to prevent cracking.
24. Malamas (Ointments): -These are semi-solid or soft
preparations acting chiefly as local anodynes and sedatives,
for local application for various lesions, containing active
drugs mixed with ghee, vaseline, bees-wax, cocoanut or cocum
oil, etc., either alone or in combination form, the bases of all
ointments. Strict precaution should be taken to protect the
eyes from these ointmewts as they cause irritation. Similarly
contamination of the ointment with dirty and soiled fingers
should be avoided during application. The lesion where one
particular ointment is intended to be applied should first be
cleaned with an antiseptic lotion or soap and the part dried
with clean and sterilized linen. Ointment just sufficient for
one application should be taken separately and/ carefully applied to the part. Strict cleanliness is in itself the first essential measure towards recovery.
32
49.8,
THE INDIAN
MATE~IA
MEDICA
25. Manda. (decoction) is prepared in 14 parts at water

and. one part of the cereal,-'-usually rice or <LaY. Manda
when ready, is completely fn!e _from the grain (rice).
25 (a).' Mantha is also: a variety of cold infusion: an
emulsion prepared in ~ earthen vessel; of one part of dru~s
in fine powde,r with, four pa!ts of cold water. The dose IS
8,tolas.
26. Matras: -S~e RC;tSayanas.
27. Modakas are boluses, larger than gutikas, prepared
by adding powders of medicinal substances to cold syrup and
stirring them together till uniformly mixed. No boiling is required in thi$ preparation. Syrups should be made with sugar
a~d water, or with sugar and decoction of the prescribed drugs.
28. Murambas (Confections) are liquid preparations of
drugs or fruits- m,ade. by soaking them in syrup or honey.
29. N asya: -These are sternutatory preparations used
in the ltreC!tm_ent 9f cold, headaches or nervous diseases.
30. Pakas are of two kinds, liquids and solids, jelly-like
s9ft' preparations of drugs for internal use, made into a paste
or solid mass, with, sugar, milk, or honey, to give them an
agreeable, pleasant taste as well as to preserve them, The
thin paste is also called Avaleha (linctus), and the semi-solid
mass is called Paka.
31. . Panakams or Panakas, are Syrups.
32. Panchakashayas are the extracts of some of the proximate .p~inciples of drugs in varying proportions.
39' Pan,~yas are weak forms of decoctions prepared hy
boiling one part of medicinal substances in 32 or 64 parts oE
water till the water is red,uced to half the quantity. This
preparation is strained and given to patients to appease
t4ir:st; and can also be given during meals.
34. Parpatee Kalpa preparations contain mercury sulphide as their essential constituent and are prepared in the
forms of flakes with the aid of'heat as the physical agent.
~ence each of them is called a "Parpatee". Th~se are particularly inqicated when a certain Bhasma requires to be adl1!inistered in minim'al ,dosage and tnat it should 'be dissociated
into its compounds in the intestinal tract, and'thus be absorbed ,in t.~e system. An~< medicam:;nt ca9, in this way,- be prepared m the form of a Parpatee' by this process of chemical
astian of mercury sulphide. These preparations possess in
c9mmon one important quality of disinfecting- the elementary
canal and thereby detoX;icating o~e of the greatest. sources of
APPENDICES
499
morbid processes. In addition they act as tonics and alteratives and are milder than pre~arations of "Sind oar Kalpas".
These should generally be prescribed mixed with sugar and
swallowed with milk or buttermilk.
35. Peya or Yoosha decoction is prepared in 14 parts of
water and 1 part of the cereal and the preparation is allowed
'.
fa boil, till the consistency gets
thIcker than t h at a f 'M an d'
a.
Peya is a little mixed with the grain. Y oosha is a bit thicker
than Peya.
36. Phanta: See Faanta.
37. Praleps:-These are preparations for e5cternal use applied as paint or poultice.
38 .. Pmmathya: -1 part of the drug is first ground into
h plup, and the pulp, so formed, is boiled in 8 parts of water,
till the liquid is reduced to a fourth of its measure. The dose
is 8 tolas.
/ 39. P1.ttnpakn means roasting, or roast~d mass within u
closed cover. In this process, vegetable drugs are reduced
to a paste which is wrapped up in the leaves of either Eugenia
jambolana or Ficus Bengalensis, or Gmelina arborea, firmly
tied with thread, string or fibres of some sort, preferably
vegetable, covered with a layer of clay from half to one inch
in thickness and roasted in or over a fire made of dried cowdung-cakes. When the layer of clay assumes a brick-red
colour on the surface, roasting is known to be complete, the
ball should be withdrawn from the fire and broken-open, and
the juice of the roasted drug expresslrd. This juice is administered, with the addition of honey, sugar or such other
adjuncts, as may be directed. Sometimes the roasted drug
itself is given in the form of a powder or pills. Thus,
'Putapakas' contain some more principles of the drugs than
'Svarasas', owing to the action of fire. The dose is 1 to 4 tolas,
and is generally recommended to be taken with milk.
40. Quaths: See: -Kvaths.
41. Rasas or Rasa-Oushadhams, are preparations of
inetals, containing mercury in any form.. As most of these
preparations contain various kinds of poisons, they are made
mto pills and tablets, so as to fix the proportion of dose. Rasas
are generally taken 'With Kvath, milk or water sometimes
honey, ghee, or both are used as anupans, which h~lp in swallowing the medicines with ease. As most. of the 'Rasas' contain aconite, though it is purified according to Ayurvedic prooesses, yet it is safer that old pe1'sons or those who suffer from
cardiac weakness and resPliratory disorders, sho1.tld very carefully be treated with 'Raso-s' containing aconite.
500
42. Rasayanas (Khalvee) are major mercurial preparatbions which form in Ayurved thfi chief part of the- most important preparations. Every Rasayan contains mercury and
sulphur in combination called "Kq;jjaW', (or mercury in different forms, e.g., metallic, sulphipe, subsulphide, black sulphate,' oxide, etc.). But, a few are exceptions, as they contain no mercury, and yet they have got action similar to mercury-containing Rasayanas. Rasayanas should be stored in
glass bottles to keep them active and free from atmospheric
contamination. Some Rasayanas are also known as Matras.
Both the constituents are first purified by qn elaborate process, and also are required to be imbibed with the properties
of fresh juices of different indigenous plants, whereby the'
preparations become more potent. Different Bhasinas, which
form the constituents of Rasayanas are first carefully prepared
fully in accordance with the- formulae and process of Ayurvedic
Science. These preparations retail) the therapeut.ic properties
and potency for any length of time. A skilful and experienced
practitioner may find various different marvellous results
when used through different Anupanas or Vehicles.
Rasayanas promote different secretary organs and endocrine
glands, and build up all body tissues, and for fulfilling these
objects, Rasayanas require to be thoroughly triturated. Trituration is a process by itself, which allows effective combination of different constituents of a particular preparation and
divides it into finest particles, thus increasing its assimilative
power and therapeutic effect.
Kupistha Rasayanas or (Sindura KaLpa Rasayanas) differ
from simple Rasayanas, only in one respect, viz., that they are
required in addition to trituration to be heated with other
suitable minerals, in hard glass, in a red hot furnace, from 24
to 72 hours_ These being stronger than simple Rasayanas, are
more effective and useful in prolonging the life of the patient
in the last stage, even when injectiions faiL to have the desired
effect! But, being very active and powerful, they demand it
judicious and timely usage in medical practice. These a.re
meant for momentary application and are contra-indicated for
a prolonged usage. They should be always prescribeafin combinatwn with adjuncts and correctors, and greatest precaution
shotl;ld be taken to ascertain that they are genuine ru~d prepared scientifically and correctly, so that mercury is well-combined with other ingredients. -Otherwise there is a great risk
of mercurial poisoning.
43. Satvas or Satwams:-The fresh herb is crushed into
a coarse mass and allowed to remain in a basin of water for
about 12 hours_ The whole "i}ling is 6hurned vigorously and
APPENDICES
501
strained through muslin. The strained fluid is allowed to

stand for some hours, during which time, the active ingre-'
dients settle at the bottom. The upper column of the clear
water is siphoned off and the sediment is dried into a fine
powder, which contains all the properties of the respective
medicinal herb in an altered form and taste. All such essences are cool in action and very handy for administration.
44. Seedhu is a process by which wines are produced by

fermentation of raw or boiled juices of plants, or their parts.
45. Seka or fomentations, are direct applications either
of dry heat or hot medicated steam. Dry heat may be applied
with a piece of flannel heated over a fire, or by a calico con
taining heated salts and brick, tile, or hot ashes prepared from
various vegetables. A bag made of thin flannel and filled
"Nith hot bran, Ajamoda, Cannabis Sativa. or Anthemis nobilis
flowers, is often used for this purpose. Hot medicated steam,
-Flannel, wrung out of boiling water, to which poppy heads
are added. is a common mode of using moist fomentation.
The skin should be carefully dried after their use, 'and a dry
flannel' should replace them. Varalians is a common term
among ~ndians for applying heat to painful parts.
46. Sinduras: -See: -Bhasmas.
47. Sitakashaya is cold infusion prepared by steeping one
part of the powdered drug in 6 of cold water for the night and
strmning the fluid in the morning.
48. Sneha is prepared with either water or some such
fluid as decoction, expressed juice, milk, butter-milk, etc., the
proportions being as under:
(Kalka)-Pasty mass. Medicated oil or ghee
(Fluid;
1
4
16. Water
1
6
24. Decoction
1
8
32. Meat juice
32. Milk, Curds etc.,
1
8
N. B. In the case of the last two. additional water to the
extent of four times the (S11eha) may be added, if necessary.
When: more than one variety of fluids are required, then
up to four such sorts the usual proportion of four parts or
fluid to one of Sneha should be taken, and the varieties should
be boiled separately. But when the number of fluids required
exceeds four, each of the fluids should be equal in quantity to
the Sneha, and .all should be mixed and boiled together.
When the Sneha is intended to be prepared in decoction
only, the pounded mass, left after the decoction is strained,
502
may also be added to the mixture b_efore it 1S boiled. But

when it is expressly desired ~hat the remains (Kalka) of decoction are not wanted, they should be discarded.
When flowers are to be: used in the preparation of the
Sneha the proportion of flowers, oil and water should be 1: 8: 4:
49. Sura; Suramanda; Kadambari; Jagal; Medak; Surabeej:-These comprise medicines that are the products of
fermentation. The following are the different forms of wines
that are mentioned in the Ayurvedic liter?ture: -Va.runi;
Sooktha or Shuktha; Chu1cra; Gudasooktha; Ikshttsooktha;
kanjika; Thushambu; S01Vweera; Au-ranala; Dhaynamla;
Mandaki; or Shundaka.
50. Surus are preparations similar to wines and tinctures. The ingredients are dissolved in strong alcohol (spirits) and filtered or decanted. The clear liquid is used.
51. Svarasas are fresh expressed juices (Succus) prepared by pounding green fresh medicinal plants in a mortar
and expr~ssed and strained through a clean cloth or linen.
One should see beforehand that the plant is not infested with
worms and/or injured by inclemencies of weather. The
Svarasas contain only those prniciples, which are dissolved in
the sap. (When fresh drugs are not available, and in the cases
of plants like "Guduchi", whose juice cannot be extracted,
water should be added to the pounded drug in the proportion
of 2: 1, and kept for a day and night; the mixture should then
be strained and the solution used).
52. TCllilams or Tailas, (Medicated Oils) :-These aTe prepaTed in the same way as Ghritas, substituting oil for ghee.
These preparations aTe mostly used externally; are also prepared by boiling drugs in water, milk, or other liquid substances, mixed with oil and heated until the water is evapoTated. The oils thus prepared are very useful and are gen~rally
meant for local application; a fe1J) preparations of this class are
taken internally.
53. Tailapaka are medicated oils. In preparing these,
sesamum oil is used unless otherwise specified. ~esamum oil
before being boiled with medicinal substances i~ first of all
heated to deprive it of ilny water by evaporating.= It is then
purified by steeping in it the following substances fo1'-24 hours,
viz., madder 1/16, or 1/6 part in weight. of the oil, turmeric;
wood of Symplocos racemosa, tubers of Cyperus rotundus, a
bark called nalika, the three myrobalarts, root of Pavonia odorata and the tender shoots of Pandanus odoratissimus, each
one-sixtyfourth part in w.eight of ,the oil. These ingredients
in fine powder should be ~2aked in the oil, with the .addition
.0_
APPENDICES
503
of an equal quantity of water for a day. The mixture should

then be boiled till the water .is evaporated, and finaily strained
through clean cloth. To the oil thus pr.epared, medicinal substances in the form of paste, (~alka), decoction, (Kashaya)
etc., are added, if necessary in the same proportions ~s for the
preparation of ghritapaka. They are then boiled together till
the watery parts, are all evaporated. As in the case of ghritn,
the vessel should be one of .earth, copper or iron. When cobl,
the oil is strained through cloth so as to separate the solid
particles, and kept for use.' Some medicinal oils, and especially
those used in the treatme:q.t of nervous dh:;eases, rheumatism
etc., are subjected to a third process of boiling with various
aromatic_and fragrant substances. This is called GandhcL-paka
or boiling for rendering the oil fragrant. To render thE) oil
fragrant, the following substances a,re used: -Elettaria eardamomum; Eugenia caryophyllata; Cin~amomum tarnal; Aloe'
vera; Curcuma zedoaria; Piper cubeba; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Crocus sativus; Santalum alba; Valerian a jatamansi;
Cyperus rotundus; Boswellia serrata; Storax officinalis; Piper
longum-root; Andropogon muricatus; Unguis odoratus; Civet
eat's pouch; Anisochilus cm:nosus; Preputial dried secretion
of musk animal; Parmelia perlata; Saussurea lappa; Hibiscus
abelmoschus. For 4 seers of oil, (one seer according to' the
South Indian Physicians is equal to 80 tolas; but Bengal Physicians take 64 tolas for a se~r), one tola of each of such fragrant
ingredient should be taken, excepting camphor, which should
be 4 tolas. These ingredients, with the exceptions noticed
below, are reduced to a. paste with water and added to the
oil, which is then boiled with"an equal quantity of water, till
the latter is evaporated and lastly strained. Canlphor, musk,
storax, and the. substa~ce called nakhi should be added after
the process of Gandhapaka boiling is finished and the oil is
strained. Oils for rheumatis,m 'and nervous diseases, are
sometimes rendered fragrant" by the addition of camphor
alone.
Medicated oils can be roughly classed as: - (1) powerful
stimulants and counter-irritants; (2) Cooling and sedative.
They are quick in action, have a nourishing and stimulant
effect on the organism and produce sensation of heat. Their
massage reduces local congestion and infiamation, loosens stiff
muscles and ligaments, and to.nes up the ciroulation in' the
affected pari. The massage should only be carried out along
the direction of the hair 'on that part, and should preferably
be followed by fomentation, or by being wrapped up in a warin
.piece of clothing. Internal administration of oils should be
carried out under medical advice and supervision.
504
Castor oil and mustard oil are sometimes used in the preparation of medicated oils. The proportions of oil, medicinal,
substances and fluids are the same as with the sesamum oil,
but the ~ethods of purifying them are different. Mustard
oil is purified by being boiled with the following ingredients,
viz., Emblica officinalis, or E. phyllanthus; Curcuma longa:
tubers of Cyperus rotundus; root or root-bark of Aegle marmelos; bark of Punica granatum; flowers of Mesua ferrea;
Nigella sativa seeds; Andropogon muricatus; root of Pavonia
odorata; the bark called nalika; and belle ric myrobalan, two
tolas each; and Rubia cordifolia, 16 tolas for 4 seers of oil.
These should be boiled together with 16 seers of water, till
the latter is all evaporated, and the oil should then be strained.
It is now fit for being boiled with medicinal substances, the
process for which is the same as for sesamum oil above described.
For purifying ca~tor 'oil, the following ingredients are
used: -viz., Rubia cordifolia; tubers of Cyperus rotundus;
Coriandrum sativum, the three myrobalans; leaves of Sesbania
aculeata; Pavonia odorata; wild dates; tender red buds of
Ficus Bengalensis; Curcuma long a; wood of Berberia aristata,
or B. Asiatika; the bark called namka, (Onosma echioides);
Ginger; and the shoots of Pandanus odoratissimus, each half
a tola for 4 seers of oil. Castor oil should be boiled with equal
parts of whey and kanjika, (plain conjee or fermented paddy
water) along with the above ingredients.
General Instructions l'egardillg the preparation of Medicinal
oils and Medicinal Ghritas (Ghees):These are, in a way, decoctions of vegetable drugs made
with the addition of oil or ghee, and form a prominent feature
or Ayurvedic practice. Many varieties of them are prepared
and these are used both internally and externally. The ghees
are' chiefly used internally and the oils gerierally externally.
Preparations:-The menstruum in which these medicinal
ghees or oils are prepared may consist of water alone or of
decoction or of expressed juice of vegetable drugs. As a
general rule, the proportion of the different ing~edients used
is as follows: -Medicinal substances well-pounded with the
addition of water so as to form a pasty mass, one part; ghee
or' oil, four parts; and water, expressed juice, or decoction,
sixteen parts. These are 'boiled till the whole of the watery
portion is evaporated and nothing but oil remains.
When d~coctions are to be used as menstruum the proportion of drugs to water, in ordinary cases, should be one to four:
.'''-
APPENDICES
505
~d the mixture should be boiled till it is reduced to onefourth of its measure. But when the drugs are hard, woody,
or difficult to be easily dissolved, additional quantities of water
have to be taken to prepare the decoction. So, in the case of
soft, medium, and hard drugs the proportions of water should
be four, eight, and sixteen respectively to one, of the drug.
When decoctions used for menstruums are required on :J..
larger scale, the proportion of water taken to prepare those
decoctions goes on decreasing. The proportions are as follows:-
Quantity of Decoction (ready)

1 to 4 tolas
4 to '16 tolas
16 to 16384 to1as
Proportion of water
16 times.
8 time~.
4 times.
[Page 247 of Dr. Savnur's Hand-Book of Ayurvedic Materia Medica (1950)].

54. Thandulajala, (Rice-water) is prepared by thoroughly mixing with the hand 1 part of rice with (washings) 8 parts
of water.
55. Vanaushadhi Kctlpas:-The Deccan Ayurvedashram
Pharmacy, Ltd., Hyderabad, (South India), state that, in
these days, when it is very hard to procure genuine and fresh
medicinal herbs, they, in order to overcome this practical
difficulty, have prepared different Kalpas from genuine and
fretSh herbs, which keep weLL for a long time with011t any
deterioration as to their therapeutic value; they are said to
have been manufactured under expert supervision with
scientific technique, and are guaranteed against adulteration
or impurity. The great advantage of these Kalpas is the small
dosage in which these can be therapeuticaLLy administeted.
56. Vataka or Vatika: (See also:-Gutikas), are pills
usually prepared by reducing a decoction of vegetable substances to a' thick consistency and then adding some powders,
or drugs or articles such as, water, treacle, raw sugar, honey,
gum, guggul, as the case may be, for making a pill maSS. Water
or honey are usually the only anupans for administering pills.
where none else are mentioned. See also Gudika.
57. Vatikas:-See:-Gudikas or Gutikas.
58. Vesavar is a type of medicinal spices containirig aromatic drugs.
.
59. Vilepee decoction is prepared by putting 1 part of the
cereal, in 4 parts of water, and the thick mixture is boiled
till it become.s viscous.
.
506
60. Yavagoo or Yawagoo decoction, is prepared by putting 1 part of the cereal, ip 6 parts of water, and the whole
mixture is. boiled till it gains the consistency of gruel; and becomes so thick that the liguid portion is scarcely left in it.
Rice, Phaseolus radiata; Phaseolus mungo and Sesamum are
used in this preparation.
61. Y oosha: See Peya.
N. B.: - "Kashayas, Kvathas, Asavarishtas, Avalehas,
Ghritas, Tailas, are regular preparations of crude drugs containing varying quantities of the proximate principles according to the process through which the drugs are made to 'pass'.
(Dr. H. V. Savnur).
Publications consulted.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Indian Therapeutics (1928) by Dr. D. V. Sandu.

List,of Raw Drugs & Medicinal Preparations (1926),
published by Government of Madras.
Guide to Indigenous Drugs (19~9) by J. R. Goyal.
Fundamental Principles of Ayurvedic, Medicines,
published by the Government of Madras.
A Hand Book of Ayurvedic Materia Medica with 'principles of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Vol. I (1950)
by Dr. Savanur.
Clinical Application of Ayurvedic Medicines etc.,
(1924), by Zandu Pharmaceutical Works, Ltd., Bombay, 13.
Index Book and Therapeutic Guide (1928 Edn. &
1943 Edn.) published by the Deccan Ayurvedashram
Pharmacy, Ltd., Hyderabad. (Deccan).
APPENDIX VII
Therapeutic Agents, with their Definitions, brief ex planatibns and a few examples.
.
1. Abortifacient: -Inducing expulsion of 'he foetus.
2. Abortive: - (Pataneeya) (Hind: -AUlion Ke Kapre
jari Karnewali) .-See Abortifacient; aborticide.~
3. Absorbents: -Dr,ugs or medicines' that de~troy acidity
in the stomach and bowels and produce absorption or exuda~
tion of di:seased tissue. Absorbents stimulate those blood
vessels and glands, which work together in absorption, and
poisonous or irritant substances are carried off by them. Absorbents are used in diahhpea ~I vomiting. Ant~Cids (Q. V.)
... ,.....,...
APPENDICES
501
and Cathartics (Q. V.) Delong to this class. When ~ases or

substances in solution get fixed on the surface ~f a sol~d! they
are said to be absorbed. Absorbents are used m medICme to
remove undesirable substances like toxins or poisonous ga~es
in the intestine, i.e., they are drugs used to cause absorption
of irritating secretions on the surface of the body, or of gaseous
products from the gastro-intestinal tract, e.g., Magnesia; Prepared Chalk; and Wood Charcoal.
4. Absorptives: - (See also: -Resolvents; Counter-irritants). Cause the absorption of products of inflammation.
5. AQids: -These are salts of hydrogen, which give acid
reaction with blue litmus paper or neutralise alkalinity. They
are mineral and organic; e.g., Hydrochloric, Acetic, Nitric,
Sulphuric, Phosphoric, Nitro-hydrochloric, and Citric acids.
6. Acrid: -Producing irritation, as of the tongue, etc'.
7. Adipogenous: -An agent that produces fat.
7 (a). Adsorbents: -Solid substances, such as charcoal,
which adsorb a vapour in contact with them.-See also:Absorbents.
8. Alexipharmic: -A medicine neutralising a poison.
9. Alkalies: -See: -Antacids.
10. Alkaloids: -Natural organic bases found in plants;
characterised by their specific physiological action. Alkaloids may be related 116 various organic bases, the most important ones being pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrrole,
and other more complicated derivatives. Most alkaloids are
crystalline solids, others are volatile liquids, and some are
gums. They contain Nitrogen as part of a ring and have the
general properties of amines.
11. Altemtives: - (Parivartakas) ;
(Hindi: -Badal-dene-wali) ;-See also: -Resolvents and Discutients. Medicines
that "alter" the morbid or unhealthy processes' of nutrition and
excretion, restoring in some unknown way, (perhaps by promoting embolism and metabolism), the normal functions of an
organ or of the system without producing any sensible effect,
or obvious impression on any of the organs of the body, Their
action is inexplicable e.g., Mercury; Potass-iodide; Gold salts;
Sarsaparilla; Sulphur; Colchicum; Arsenic; Iodine. Emetics
and tonics belong to this class.
12. Anaesthetic.~: - (Angamardashamana): (Hindi: -Besurat Karnewali; Sunnkardenewali) : -Drugs or substances.

that produce temporary loss of sensation, or local insensibility;
and consciousness from its effects upon the brain, or nerve-
508
fibres, and spinal centres; Le., taken. internally cause general

unconsciousness.
13. Anaesthetics:-(Gener~l):-Comprising of certain volatile SJ,lbstances, which, when inhaled in sufficient quantities, produce loss of
sensation and consciousness from their action on the brain and the
Spinal centre:-e.g., Chloroform; Ether; Nitrous Oxide Gas; Bromoform.
14. Anaesthetics (Local) :...,...Which act by affecting the
sensory
nerves of the skin or the mucous membrane, when the drug comes in
contact with them, until their power of receiving or conducting sensations is lost; e.g., Cocaine; Carbolic Acid; Ice; Veratrine; Ether in the
form of spray.
15. Anaesthetics (Spinal):-acting, (when injected into the spinal
fluid) through the sensory roots of the spinal cord. Hence they produce
anaesthesia of the lower part of the body.
16. Analeptic: -Any agent restoring strength after illness, i.e., during convalescence e.g., Gentian bark; Nourishing foods and tonics.
17. Analgesic :-See:-Anodyne :-(Vadanashamana);
(Hincli:-Sakornewali) :-A remedy or drug taken internally,
that relieves actual pain either by depressant action on the
nerve centres, or by impairing the conductivity of nerve
fibres, (brain). These do not produce loss of consciousness.
E.g., Opium; Aspirin; Antipyrine; Indian Hemp; BelladQnna;
Aconite; Chloroform; & Antifebrin.
17. (a) N. B.:-Analgesics and Anodynes act by depressing the sensory centre or by reducing the activity of the sensory nerves. E.g., Datura fastuosa;' Papaver somniferum.
18. Anaphrodisiac: - See: - Antaphrodisiac): - (Vityanashanct): - (Hind: -Namctrctd-Karnewali). That which allays or diminishes or weakens the sexual passion, power and
feeling; e.g., Bromides of Ammonium and Potassium; Tobacco;
Hemlock; Camphor; Iodides of Sodium & Potassium. These
act by limiting the supply of blood to the generative organs
and by lowering the excitability of the peripheral nerves or
the nerve centres.
19. Anaphylaxis: -This term was originally used to explain a condition opposite to immunity, but it is now used to
designate all artificiallly induced conditions of ,~ersensitive
ness in man and lower animals.
20. Anhidrotics:- (Svedaghna): (Hindi: -=;Pasina rokne
wah). Agents that check or diminish profuse sweating,
(general or local); e.g., Belladonna; Hyoscyamus; Atropine;
Stramonium; Muscarine; Quinine; Zinc-alts; Vegetable and
Mineral Astringents; Picrotoxin in small doses. These act- by
depressing the function Qf the sweat-glands, by limiting the
circulation, or depressing the nerve-centres.
APPENDICES
21.
Anodynes: - (Sulaprasamana);
509
(Hind: -Sakor'1l;e-
wali) : -Drugs which give local relie~ froI? in-defined pam,
and general discomfort, mostly by thelr action on the sensory

nerves; e.g.,. Belladonna;. Sali-~ylates; ~amphor. A"?odynes
are divided mto three kmds, V1Z., SedatlVes, Hypnotics, and
Narcotics.
.
22. Antacids:-(Pittaghna) :-(Hindi :-Pitmarnewali):
-See: -Alkalies: -Substances counteracting or neutralising
activity in the stomach; e.g., caustic soda and Potash with their
carbonates, Bicarbonates, Acetates; Citrates; Oxides; Ammonia and Magnesia with their preparations; Chalk; of this class
these are thos'e, which act directly, as Soda does upon the
gastric membrane, and those which also act indirectly, through
the blood. E.g., Carbonates of Potassa.
23. Antagonists: - (Physiological) ~are drugs having

opposite effect. E.g., Chloral and Strychnine; Belladonna and
Opium; Atropine and Muscarine; Atropine and Hydrocyanic
. Acid; Atropine and Physiostigmine; Atropine and Pilocarpine;
Digitalis and Saponine; Alcohol and Strychnine.
24. Antalkaline: (Hindi: Balgham ko kam karnewali):
-Those drugs which neutralize an alkaline state of the system;
e.g., Citric Acid; Lemon-juice; Tartaric Acid.
25. Antaphrodisiac-See: -Anaphrodiasiac: -An agent
that lessens the venereal impulse, i.e., sexual passion and
power.
26. Antemetic: - See: -Antiemetic: - (Hindi: -Qui ya
ubkai roknewali).
27. Anthelmints or Anthelmintics: - (l(rimighna:(Hind : -Kiremarnewali) : -See : -"Teniacides";
"Vermicides"'; "Ve:rrnifuges"; Antiscolics: -Agents which either
directly or indirectly kill Or render powerless and expel intestinal parasites or worms in the alimentary canal (round, tape,
broad and thread): e.g., Santonin; Thymol; Pelletierine; Turpentine; internally;-Salt water and Quassia by enema;-Mallotus philippinensis; Embelia ribes; Cowhage; Scammony;
Male fern root; Calomel; Gamboge; Chenopodium.
28. Antiarth1 iJtic: -A remedy against gout, rheumatism.
or affections of the joints. Antacids and tonics belong to this
class.
29. Anti~~liary or Antibilious, are medicines which are
useful in bilious affections; e.g., Galomel. ,
30. Antibodies are specific protective substances produced by the ~issue cells of the host in response to an antigen.
o
510
31. Antibiotics: -are antibacterial agents.

32. Anticoagulant: -Any substance which causes drawn
blood to remain liquid instead of coagulating.
32. (a) Anti-convulsives check convulsive disorders due
to blood deterioration, and: nervous debility; included in tonics
and anodynes.
'
33. Antidiabetic: -Medicine preventing or overcoming
diabetes.
34. Antidotal: -See: -Antidote; Antipharmic.
35. Antidote:- (Vishagh,na);
(Hindi :-Zahron-kimarq); Counteracting the action or effect of poisons. E.g.:Potass permanganos, in opium poisoning; Lime for sulphuric
acid. Antidotes are Chemical; Physiological or VitaL
36. Antidysenteric:-A medicine serviceable. against dysentery.
37. Anti-elnetic: - (Chherdinashana)-Relieving nausea,
and preventing emesis or vomiting. Included among stimulants and anodynes.
38. Antifebrile: -An agent reducing a fever.
39. Antifermentative: -An agent that prevents ferll1entation.
40. Antigalactic or Ant,igalactagogue: -A drug that lessens the secretion of milk.
41. Antigen is a substance, which when. used parenterally
is capable of causing the development of specific antibodies in
animals. Any foreign protein may act as an antigen.
42. Antihydrotics: -Lessens the secretion of sweat;
drug which diminishes perspiration.
43. Antilithics: - (Mutrasangrahaniya); (Hindi: -PeshaL
kam lanewali); See also: -Lithontriptics. Agents preventing
or dissolving the deposit Of renal, vesical or biliary calculi or
sediment; medicines used for the relief of calculous affections;
e.g., Saxifraga ligulata; acids for phosphatic; alkalies for uric
acid calculi, cast~le soap and salicylate of Soda,.tor gall-stones.
44. Antine1~ralgic: -Overcoming neuralgia.
45. Antiparasitics: (See: "Parasiticides,f,"':'Antiseptics").
Destroying or preventing increase of parasites,. ~infecting the
surface of the body. These are antisE::!ptics also; e.g., Sulphurous and Carbolic acids; Iodide of Sulphur; various mercurial
salts.
.
46. Antiperiodics:- (Jwarahara); (Hindi: Bukhar ko
dur karne wa roknewali): -Remedies which antagonise the
q
APPENDICES
511
poison of periodic disorders, l~ke ague, (:nalaria), nem"algia,

etc.' medicines used for the rehef of malarial fevers. Included
am~ng tonics also. e.g. Quinine; Arsenic; Iodide.
47. Antipharmic: - (Hindi: ZahTOn ki nwraq); See:Alexipharmic; Antidote; Antidotal.
48. Antiphlogistics: -These are .. external application3
employed to reduce inflammations, whether internal or external. Emetics; cathartics; purgatives; diaphoretics; diuretics; and refrigerants are also included in this class; e.g.,
Iodine; Mercury; Aconite; Veratrum viride; Antimony:
49. Antipruritic: (Kandttghna) : -Relieving the sensation of itching.
50. A,ntipyic means checking or restraining suppuration.
(Jvan.Lbhan51. Antipyretic: - See: - "FebTifuge": jeeya) (Hindi: Hararat ko kam karnetvali): -Reducing the
temperature of the body in pyrexia, i.e., fever and diseased
conditions.
These act (1) by lessening heat production
through the heat centres, (Quinine); (2) by neutralismg or
destroying the toxine of the fever (Quinine); (3) increasing
loss of heat by diaphoresis, (salicylates; alcohol); and (4) by
heat abstraction (cold baths, diaphoretics, sudorifics).
52. Antirheumatic: -An agent relieving or curing
rheumatism; e.g., Colchicum; Iodide of Potash.
53. Antisco~ics: - See: - Anthelmintics;
Vermifuges;
Vermicides:
54. Antiscorbutic: -A remedy for or preventive of
scurvy, to check blood derangements. These are also embraced in tonics, e.g., Citric Acid.
55. Antiseptic: (Shodhaneeya); (Hindi: Dhone'wali 1M
ankur lanetvali): -See: --"'::Bacteriostatics. A remedy that
arrests or prevents putrefaction, or, what is the same thing,
the bacteria upon which putrefaction depends. Antisept.ics or
Bacteriostatics are substances which prevent or retard the
growth of micro-organisms as long as they remain in contact
with them but do not destroy them; e.g., Borax; Boracic
Acid; Camphor; Charcoal; Vinegar; Creqsote; Carbolic Acid.
These should not be compounded with disinfectants like hot
air, which destroy the germs causing disease, or with Deodo~
rants like Chlorine or Charcoal, which destroy fetid smells and
emanations.
'56. Anti.~alagogues:'-See: -Antisialics: -Drug~ which
decrease or check the secretion of saliva; e.g., Atropine and
physostigma in large doses.
512
57. Antisialic or Antisialagogue:-Checking the secretion of saliva, causing dryness of the mouth; e.g., Atropine.
58. An~ispasmodics: - (Svasahara) (Hindi: Badan lei
ainthan wa maror ko dur wa Ikam karnewali) : -Agents which
relieve, prevent or control *lorbid spasms of voluntary or
involuntary muscles (nervou~ irritability), relieve convulsions, and paip.s unattended by inflammation, in any part of
the body. These include drugs which paralyse motor centres;
e.g:, Chloroform; (2) Drugs depressing the motor centres;
e.g., Bromides; (3) Medicines causing the expulsion of gas
from the intestines and relieving colic;
e.g., asafoetida,
Cajuput, castor, Valerian, Carminatives and Aromatics; (4)
Medicine overcoming the spasm of the bronchial tubes; e.g.,
Datura; Adrenalin; Lobelia; Stramonium; Belladonna;
Ryosciamus; Anmlonia; Asafoetida; Galbanum; Valerian;
Ether; Camphor; Opium; Chloroform; Oxide of Zinc;
Calomel.
59. Antisyphilic or Antisyphilitic: -A remedy directed
against, or used for the relief of Syphilis. Usually an alterative.
60. Antitoxin,-is a serum, or a preparation from serum
containing the antitoxic globulins or their derivatives which
have the specific power of neutralising the toxins formed by
a micro-organism.
61. Antizymotics: -Agents preventing the process of
fermentation, either by destroying or rendering. inactive, the
causative ferments; an antiferment.
62. Aperient: (Bhedaneeya); (Hindis-Dast KhoL ka'(
e.g. Rhubarb;
lanewali) : -A mild purgative or laxative.
Manna; Grey powder.
63. Aph1'odisiac (Vajeekarana); (Hindi: -Namardi-kidawn). Stimulating or increasing the sexual appetite, passion
and virile power. E.g., Strychnine; Damiana; Cannabis indica.
They act on the genital centre of the cord and brain. They
may. also act indirectly by irritating the bladder and urethra
as Cantherides.
' >1}
64. Appetizer: -A remedy or dose, taken to stimulate
the appetite .
. 65: Aromatics: -S~e: -Fragrant:
(Sugandhitlidravya)
(H.1,ndt: -Khttsh-buen).
Substances c}1a;t:acterised by' \ .a
fragr:mt , .cordial, spicy taste, and/or odour, and containing
volatile OIls and stimulants to the gastro-intestinal mucous
membrane. E.g., Cardamoms; Cinnamon; Orange-peel; Nutmegs; Cloves; CUbebs; Feqrrel seed~; Peppermint.
APPENDICES
513
66. Astringents: - (Sankeshaneeya); (Hindis Bandhejkarnewati) . Agent producing condensation or contraction of

organic tissues, muscular living fibres, or arresting haemorrhages; or lessening secretions of the mucous membranes, such
as those of the stomach and of the intestines, etc., by precipitating albumin and gelatin. E.g., Tannic and Gallic acids;
Alum; Lead Acetate; etc., act in this way; l\1ineral acids and
most metallic salts, creosote. Their action may-.be !9,.cal, constitutional or remote.
Astringents are divided into vegetable and mineral. Astringents are applicable in arresting,_
unhealthy discharges depending upon weakness of the blood
vessels, or when the discharge is kept up by habit when the
exciting causes are removed, or when the discharges are very
profuse.
67. Attenuant: -An agent increasing the fluidity or
thinness of the blood or other secretion; e.g., Ammoniated iron.
68. Bactericide: -See: -"Disinfectants" & -"Germicides"
-An agent that destroys bacteria.
69. Bacteriophages are lytic agents, which are ultramicroscopic vira according to some workers, and are said to
be non-living substances of the nature of enzyme according
to a few other research workers.
70. Bacteriostatics: -See: -Antiseptics .
71. Balsamics are medicines of a soothing kind. E.g.,
Tolu; Peruvian balsam.
72. Biliary l.ithontriptics are drugs used to dissolve gallstones.
73. Bitters: Medicines characterised by a bitter taste.
Bitters are of three kinds: - (1) Bitters aromatic; medicines
that unite the properties of aromatics with those of simple
bitters; (2) Bitters simple; medicines that stimulate the gastrointestinal tract, MTithout influencing the general system; and
(3) Bitters styptic; medicines that add styptic and astringent
properties to those of bitterness.
74. Cardiac:-Pertaining to the heart.
75. Cardiac Sqimulants are drugs which maintain an
efficient circulation, when the heart fails to perform its
function, by improving its activity.
76. Cardiant: -A remedy that affects the heart.
77. Carminatives (Deepaneeyci.); (Hindi: -Bao Haran;
Aphra dUT kaTnewali) (See: under Antispasmodics). Calming or soothing medicines, that act by relieving pain in the
stomach and bowels and expel flatulence and gas from the
33
514
stomach or intestines (alimentary canal), by increa~ing or

regulating peristalsis. Their action on the stomach depends
on their power of relaxing ~he muscular fibres or the gastric
orifices.
78. Cathartics: - (Bhedana); (Hindi: Km~ julab) See:
Aperients; Evacuants; Purgatives. These are divided into:(1) Laxatives: -Figs; Prunes; Sulphur; Olive Oil; (2)
Simple purgatives, "\vhich act by stimulating the glands:Senna, Castor Oil; Aloes; (3) Drastics: -rather acting intensely by irritating the mucous membrane of the intestines:Jalap; Colocynth; (4t Hydrogogues:-which produce fluid
motions: -Croton Oil; Colocynth; Epsom and Glauber's Salts;
(5) Cholagogue-pwgatives, which act by stimulating the
Hver: -Rhubarb, Calomel, Aloes.
78(a). Vegetable Cathartics are classified by Cushny on a chemical
basis as follows:-(l) Anthracene purgatives containing principles, which
flre derivatives of anthraquinone; Rhubarb; AloEs; Cascara and Senna.
(2) Purgative Oils:-Croton Oil; Castor Oil. (3) The Jalap group,
which are all resinous substances:-Jalap; Scammony; Podophylline~
and Colocynth.
78(b). Mineral Cathariics:-Sulphur; Carbonate of Magnesia;
Sulphate of Soda; Sulphate of Magnesia; Sulphate of Potassa; Bitartrate
of Potassa; Tartrate of Potassa; Tartrate of Potassa and Soda; Phosphate
of Soda; Calomel.
79. Cilim'y Excitants: -are medicines, which when

sucked in the mouth, promote expectoration of bronchial
mucus by reflex action; e.g., Chloride of Ammonium; Chlorate
of Potassium; Gum Acacia; native Chloride of Sodium.
80. Caustic: - (See: -Escharotics). (Kttstagna); (Hindi:
Katnewali; Dagnewali; Khajkarnewali). Substances that destroy or disorganise living tissue, by destroying the vitality of
the part on which it is applied. It causes sloughing and inflammation of the surrounding area where applied. These are
substances, which, when placed in contact with the living body,
destroy the tissues, decompose the animal fluids and give rise
to the formation of slough or eschar.
80 (a). Cautery: -Primarily, the term was applied to
caustics, but more frequently now to the platinum wire heated
by an elect::ic current, or, the term 'Actual Cautery' is applied
to the hot Iron, for counter-irrit.ation, removal <!I tissu~s, etc.
81. Ce~'ebro-Spinants:-Medicines which influence the
bra~n an~ spinal cord. They may be paralysers, stupefacients
or mtoxlCants. (Great care should be exercised in using
these).
82. Chemotherapeutics>-Drugs used in cases of diseases
caused by micro-organisl11s or oth.er parasites, in the specific
_.
APPENDICES
515
treatment of infection,. e.g., treatment of syphilis by organic

arsenic preparations; of amoebic dysentery by emetine, and
of malaria by quinine.
83.
Cholagogues: - (Mridubhedana);
(Hindi: -Halko,
Julab); See also: -Cathartics. Remedy which .stimul~tes the
action of liver, empties the gall bladder, promotmg or mcreasiug the secretion or excretion of bile, and produce.s free pu:"gation at the same time. Also included.in Cathartics; h~patic
stimulants; e.g., Sodium Salicylate; Soda salts: F~l Bo~mum;
Chloride of Ammonium; dilute Nitro-HydrochlorIc ACid.
(
84. Choleretics: -Drugs which increase secretion of bile.
85. Coagulants: -Drugs that hasten blood coagulation in
haemorrhage.
86. Convulsions: -Medicines that cause convulsions.
87. Cordial:-Pertaining to -heart; exhilarant or stimulant; e.g., Aromatic confections..
88. Corroborants: -Are medicines and foods which increase the strength; e.g., Iron; Gentian; Meat; Wine.
89. Con'osive: -'-A substance that destroys organic tissue
either by direct chemic means or by causing inflamma~ion and
suppuration.
90.
Counter-I1'ritants: - (H i n d i: -Uparnewali) : -An
agent that produces superficial and artificial inflammation, in
order tQ exercise a good effect upon some adjacent or deepseated. morbid process. Counter-irritants include or are
divided into: - (1) Rubef~cients; (2) Epispastics or Vesicants;
(3) Absorptives; (4) Caustics or Escharotics; (5) Revulsives
and Derivatives. Counter-irritants are also stimulants. E.g.,
Mustard plasters 91' blisters; Mustard baths. These are agents
used with the object of diminishing, counteracting, or removing
some remote irritation or inflammation existing in the body.
92. Deli1'iants: -Agents that act on the brain, so as to
disorder the mental faculties and produce ('on fusion vf willpower; medicines tending to have a sedative influence over
the heart and circulation, included in cerebro-spinants, causing delirium; e.g., Datura; Cannabis indica.
93. D.elir#acients are drugs which produce delirium,

followed afterwards by stupor; e.g., Cannabis; Belladonna;
Hyoscyamus; Coca.
94.
Demulcents: - (Mrid1Lkara); (Hindi: -Tarkanwu:ali); See also: -Emollients.-Substances of a viscid character, soothing or protecting mucous membranes, and the parts
to which they are applied, froni irritation; unirritating sub.
516
stances which fonn with water a viscid solution. E.g.: "-Gum

arabic; Tragacanth; Flaxseed; Liquorice-root; Sago; Tapioca;
Arrowroot; Barley; Marshmallow; Mallow; Isinglass; Suet,
Wax; Linseed; Olive and Almond oilsi Starch; Glycerin. These
also soothe and protect the ,tir passage from the cold air in colds
or obstinate coughs; protect the coating of stomach from the
evil effect of corrosive or irritating acids, poison, etc., also used
to protect the mucus membrane of the urinary organs from
acid action of the water in kidneys or bladder troubles; used
by the mouth or by injection; in short, are oleaginous and
mucilagenous substances forming a soothing protective viscid
coating.
95. Dentifrices: -These are powders or paste used for the
purpose of cleaning the teeth and the gums.
96. Deobstruent: -A medicine that removes functional
obstructions of the body; e.g., Iodide of Potash.
97. Deodorants: -See Disj_nfectants; Antiseptics; Deodorisers, etc.;- (Durgandhanashaka);
(Hindi: Sarand ku
sokhjanewali) -Those which destroy, remove, or correct, or
hide offensive or disagreeable, or fetid odours and emanations.'
These are volatile or non-volatile. These mayor may not be
antiseptics or disinfectants.
98. Deodorisers: -Substances that destroy offensive
odours.
99. Depilatory: -A substance used to remove or destroy
the hair.
100. Depressant: -See: -Sedative: -A medicine that retards or depresses the physiologic action of an organ, i.e.,
lowers functional activity.
101. Depurant or Depurative: -A medicine that purifies

or cleanses the animal economy.
102. Derivatives or Revulsives: -Are remedies which
are supposed to remove, divest or draw a morbid process or
the diseased action from its seat of mischief to the place of
th.eir application; e.g., Cantharides; Turpe~tine; Ammonia;
Camphor; Mustard; most volatile oils; Mezere~n; Capsicum;
Croton Oil, etc.
103. Desiccant: - (Vranaropaneeya) ; (Hind: ~Ghaosu
khanewali) : -Drying medicines or applications, wllich when
applied to open wounds 9r injured parts, form with- the discharged matter a scab and thereby protect them from external
influences.
"
104. Detergent: -A drug purifying and cleansing wounds,
etc., cleaning the surfacr over w~ich it passes; e.g., Soap.
. ,-.'
APPENDICES
517
105.
DiaphoretJics: -See: -Sudorifics: - (Svedaneeya);
(Hind:-Pasina lanewali)-A drug which increases the action
of the skin and promotes the secretion of perspiration or sweat,
which they do either by stimulating the terminal nerves in the
cells of the sweat glanqs, such as Jaborandi (pilocarpine), or
by causing dilatation of the superficial capillaries, as Ipecac,
Opium, Alcohol, or by stimulating the sweat centres in the
spinal cord, as the spirit of nitrous ether. Diaphoretics are
milder in action, while Sudorifics cause excessive perspiration;
e.g., Acetate of ammonia; Calomel; Antimony; Opium: Camphos; Sarsaparilla; Ipecacuanha.
Diaphoretics are of tlu'ce classes:-(1) Nauseating diaphoretics; e.g.,
Ipecacuanha; Tartrate of Antimony & Pot as sa.
(2) Refrigerant diaphoretics:-Citrate of Potassa; Acetata of Ammonia; Nitrate of Potassa.
(3) Alterative Diaphoretics:-Sassafras; Sarsaparilla.
106. Digestants: -See: -Digestives.

107. Diges~ives are agents used to assist the stomach and
intestines in their normal functions of promoting digestion of
foods; e.g., Pepsin; Malt Extract; Papain; Trypsin; Takadiastase.
108. Diluents: -Agents that dilute the secretions of an
organ or that increase the fluidity of secretions; preparations
used to quench thirst and which dilute and thin the thickened
blood and cool the fever system. Diluents are chiefly watery
compounds and also remedies like water and weak fluid foods,
which, when taken in qUaI1tity, on being eliminated, carry out
some solids with them by the kidneys, lungs, or skin; e.g. weak
tea; water; thin broth; gruel; weak infusions of balm, horehound, pennyroyal, ground-ivy, mint, sage.
109. Discutient: -See also: -Resolvents; Alteratives:A medicine supposed to have the power of repelling or
resolving or scattering a swelling, tumours, etc., e.g., Galhanum; Mercury; Iodine.
110.
Disinfectant: -See: -Deodorants; Antiseptics:(Agttntaka-roganashaka); (Hind: -Urkm' lagnewali; bimariyon ko 1'okne aUT dur karnewali). An agent that actually
destroys disease-germs and noxious properties of fermentation or putrefaction. pisinfectants, bactericides or germicides
destroy pathogenic microbes, i.e., those which cause communic"ble diseases. All disinfectants are in a way antiseptics, but
all antiseptics a1'e not di&infectants.
111. Diuretics: - (Mtttrav'irochaneeya); (Hindi: -Peshabjnri karnewali): -Medicines that increase the flow of secre-
518
tion of urine either by stimulating the renal cells or increasing

the flow of blood through them. These also increase the
quantity of urine by stimulating the heart and thus acting
upon the general circulatioil. E.g., Nitre; Acetate of potassa;
Squills; Juniper; Oil of Turpentine.
Diuretics al'e as ullder:-(I) Stimulating diuretics act by stimulating the kidneys during their elimination, e.g., Copaiba, Cubebs; Tur_,
pentine; Pepper; Gin; Alcoholic liquors; Buchu; Cantherides; Juniper etc.
(2) Hydragogue diuretics, act by raising the blood pressure in the
glomeruli; e.g., Digit~lis; Squill; Casca; Broom; Caffeine, etc.
(3) Refrigerant diuretics, act by washing out the kidneys e.g.,
Large doses of diluents like water, and solutions of the various potash
salts.
112. Drastic:-(Hind:-Kara julab) :-A powerful and

irritating purgative; e.g., Gamboge.
113.
Ecbolics 01' Oxytocics: - (Garbhasayashodhana)
(Hind: Aurton ke kapre jari karn!!wali) : - (See also: --Oxytocics). Those which produce abortion or facilitate parturition; drugs which cause ,expulsion of the contents of the
uterus by contracting the uterine muscle, or muscular fibre;
they may be direct or indirect. E.g. Ergot; Borax; Savin;
Quinine. Ecbolics in smaller doses are emmenagogues.
114.
Emetics: - (Vamakat'eeya); (Hindi: -Qai lanewali) : -Agents that induce or cause or produce vomiting by
local action on the nerves of the stomach, mucous membrane,
such as common salt, Zinc salts.
Emetics are divided into:-(l) Central Emetics act through the
vomiting centre of the brain. E g. Apomorphine; Ipecacuanha; Camomile; Antimony; Copper; Zinc.
(2) Local Emetics, as Zinc, and Copper Sulphates: Mustard; Carbonate of Ammonia; warm Chamomile infusion; solution of Common
Salt, Alum, etc., which act locally by irritating directly the nerves distributed to the gastric mucous membrane.
(3) General Emetics, which act through the blood upon the vomiting centre as Tartar emetic; Ipecacuanha; Senega; Squill; Apomorphine
etc. Most of these latter drugs are eliminated by the gastric mucous
membrane, after absorption, and then. also act partly as local emetics.
Apomorphine may, however, be regarded as a pure general emetic.
Emetics are vegetable and mineral.
''\'
115. Emmenagogttes: - (Rajasthapaneeya)~ _ are medicines, which by their stimulating action on, the uterine fibre
(1) directly; assist in incr~asing or restorillg disordered menstruation, when deficient or absent as Ergot; Savine; and most
Ecbolics; or (2) by removing the cause of the suppression,
anow the discharge to return, as iron, aloes, strychnine, etc.
Further examples are: Castor, Asafoetida; Galbanum; Mercury; Black-hellebore; Jyn~pel': Pennyroyal.
r
APPENDICES
519
116. Emollients (Snehopaga); (See also: -Demulcents) :

<Hindi:-Jalan aur so,zish ko dtLt karnewali) :-Oily or .fatty
protective substances, (external demulcents or protechves)
which by external application soften or relax the skin or
internally soothe an irritated or inflamed surface, diminishing
the pain helping suppuration. _ E.g., Oils, Honey, Starch,
, poultices of bread, bran, linseed-meal, carrots and turnips;'
Spermaceti Cerates; Ointments, hot fomentations, chalk, lard.
117. Enemata are medicines in a fluid state injected into,
the rectum to facilitate the action of other medicines, or to
operate upon the bowels, when the stomach is too irritated
to allow of their being introduced into the system through it.
The composition of the common enemata is (1) salt; (2)
Molasses; (~) Lard or Olive Oil; (4) Warm water; (5)
Oleum Ricini. The oil-of turpentine, asafoetida have also been
used as ingredients.
118. Epispastic; (01" Vesicant): -See also Co'unterirritants; Rubefacients: - (Doshaghnalepa); (Hindi: -Uparnewali); (See: -Dane paida karnewali): -A vesicatory or substance, which applied locally to the skin, produces a blister,
causing redness of the surface; E.g. Cantharides; Ammonia;
Burgandy pitch; Mustard.
'
119. Errhines: - (Shirovirochaneeya);

(Hindi: -Chink
lanewali ya nazla ba,hadenewali) : -See also: -Sternutatory: Medicines that, applied to the mucous membrane of the nose,
increase nasal secretion without causing sneezing, as the
vapour of Ammonia, Acetic Acid, etc. There are others, which
act reflexly, through the Trigeminal nerve causing sneezing,
and are called "Sternutatories", e.g. Tobacco.
120.
Escharotic:-S e e :-Caustic:-(Chhadaneeya);
(Hindi: Katnewali; Dagnewali; Khaj kamewali). See also-:
Ca1LS1{ics: a substance, when applied to the skin produces an
ulcer or applied to any part of the body, destroys the vitality
of the pa:it or destroys the tissues, to which it is applied, and
causes sloughing and inflammation of the surrounding area;
caustic drugs that eat off fungoid growth or excessive granulations; e.g., Blue-stone; Ulnar Caustic; Solution of Chloride
of Zinc; Strong Mineral Acids; Soda; Potash; Sulphate of
Potassa, Chloride and Peroxide or Potassium' Peroxide of
1ron, Lime, etc., Arsenious acid.
.
,
121. Evacttant: -See: -Pm'gatives; Cathartics; Aperients; Laxatives.
122. Excitant: -A remedy that stimulates the activity of
an organ.
520
123. Exhilarant: -An agent to enliven and cheer the

mind.
124.
Expectorants: - (Shvasakhasahm'a);
(Hind:Khansi aur dame ko dur kdrnewaLi) : -Remedies acting upon
the pulmonary membranes Ithat promote or alter expectoration; drugs which stimulate and expel the bronchial mucus or
secretions, (of the organs of respiration) and help their expulsion. Actions of these are manifold and complicated:either reflex, local, or central. E.g., Antimony; Ipecacuanha;
Squills; Ammoniacum; Tolu; Garlic; Lenega. They act:(1) By relieving spasm of the bronchial tubes, as Lobelia, Opium;
Stramonium; Tobacco, etc.
(2) By mechanically dislodging it in the act of vomiting, at the
same time, thinning the secretion, as all Emetics in large doses, notably
Antimony; Hippo; etc.
(3) By increasing the flow from the inflamed membrane, through
their effects upon its gland-cells, as all the emetic class in small dosesNauseating or depressant expectorants, as Apomorphine; Pilocarpine;
Emetine and Tartar Emetic.
(4) By stimulating the membrane in the act of their elimination,
they so alter the secretion, that expectoration is rendered easy, as
Ammonia, Senega, Ammoniacum, ,rnd a host of volatile substances,
notably the Onion, Tar, Turpentine, Balsams, Asafoetida, etc. StimuJating Expectorants:-Iodine of Potassium by liquefying the secretion,
is a valuable expectorant.
(5) By soothing the irritable respiratory centre. Morphine and
Chloral may act as expectorants, and render the expulsion painless.
(6) By acting through the impression produced on the nerves of
the mouth, many substances aid expectoration. (See:-Ciliary excitants) .
(7) By stimulating the respiratory centre, and strengthening the
muscles of the expulsive mechanism; Strychnine and Atropine may act
as true expectorants.
125.
Febrifuge:-See: -Antipyretic"; Antiperiodic";
"Antiseptic"; (Jvarankusa); (Hindi:-Bukhar ko dur karne-wa-roknewal1i) . An, agent that lessens fever. (Included
among diaphoretics and diuretics); E.g., Antimonials; Quinine;
Mineral Acids; Arsenic.
126. Fragrants: -Medicines having fragran( odour.

,127. Galactafttge: -See: -Lactifuge.
128. Gala.ctagogue or Lactagogue or Lactiferou~. ($tanyajanana); (Hind: -Dudh Barhanewali): -An agent- that increases the secretion of mllk in the breast (lacteal secretion);
some of them are applied locally, while others are given
internally; e.g., Chlorate of Potassium; Fennel, etc.
129. Germicide :-See :-"Disinfectant"; "Bactericide":That which destroys germs .and {vorms; a microbicide.
1
t
!'
APPENDICES
130. Germifuge: -See: -Germicide.

pels germs.
521
An agent that ex-
131. Glucosides: -Crystalline substances, which on

hydrolysis, yield glucose and another substance which is
usually an aromatic body ..
132.
Haemat-ics: -See: -Haematinics.
133.
Haematinics: -Or Hae1lwtics: - (Raktashodha1ca);
(Hind:-Khun saf karnewali), are also termed "Blood
tonics." Are blood tonics, which either directly or indirectly
improve the quantity and quality of red blood corpuscles and
haemoglobin in it; e.g., Iron and its preparations; Manganese;
Cod Liver Oil; Free Phosphorus; Lime Phosphates; Potassium
in small doses.
134. Haenwstat:ics: -See: -Styptics: - (Shonitasthapana;
Raktapittahara; (Hind: -Khun band karnewali): See also: -"
Styptics. Medicines taken internally that arrest or restrain
bleeding, or haemorrhage by contracting the blood vessels.
(Included in Astringents); e.g., Calcium Salts; Serum.
Adrenalin the active principle of supra-renal gland-Gelatin,
an<;l chloride of Calcium, are the best examples.
Ergot,
Turpentine and lead Salts were supposed to act in the same
way. Haemostatics act when given internally; whilst Styptics
act locally.
135. Helminthic; See: -Anthelmintic.

136. Hydragogue: -See: -Purgatives; Aperients, etc. A
medicine, which causes" free secretion (fluid of dropsy, etc.),
from the intestinal glands and removes much serum from the
blood-vessels, producing fluid of watery motions or evacuations. E.g., Gamboge; Calomel.
137. Hypnotic; See: -Soporifics; (Nidrakari); (Hind: ~
Nind lanewali) (included in cerebro-spinants) :-Drugs or
measures that cause or maintain sleep without causing preliminary cerebral excitement. E.g., Hops; Henbane; Morphia;"
Poppy; Sulphonal; Chloral; Paraldehyde; Urethene etc,
(See:-Narcotic; Soporific; Somnifacient).
138. Insecticide: -A substance destructive to insects.
139. Insectifuge: -See: -Insecticide.
140. h-ritant:-That which induces irritation or inflam....
mation.
141. In'itant and Counter-irritants are certain substances,

drugs 01' measures E:'mployed to produce irritation. artificially
:522
THE INDIAN. MATERIA MEDICA
in some part of the body with the view of diminishing, counteractino'

or removing irritation
or inflammation in some
b
I
neighbouring part.
142. Lactagogue: -Se~: -"Galactagogue"; Lactiferous.
(Hind:-Dudh Barhanewali).
.
143. Lactifuge: -That Which lessens the secretion of milk.
144. Laxative: - (SvaLpabhedana); (Hindi: -Dast Klwt
karnewali) : -An agent that loosens the bowels; mild purgative. -E.g., Manna; Tamarinds; Castor Oil; Sulphur; Petroleum; Magnesia.
145. Lithonlytic: -See: -Lithonthryptic.
146. Lithonth1'yptic or Lithontriptic: -See: -Antilithic:A medicine supposed to possess the power of dissolving various
concretions in the body, i.e., in the urinary tract, as the acids
for phosphatic and the alkalies for uric acid calculi.
147. L1Lbricants:-Substances capable of reducing friction between bearing surfaces in the relative motion, either by
virtue of separating them by a viscous fluid film (oil) or by
an unctuous solid (graphite), or by providing an absorbed
layer of polarised oil molecules at the metallic surfaces.
148. Masticatory:-An -agent, which when chewed increases the flow of saliva.
149. Mic1'Obicide:-See:-GeTmicide.
150. Mydriatics: - (Netravisteenayoga); (Hind: -Ankh
ki putli ko phailanewali): -Medicines that cause dilatation
.of the pupil and paralysis of the ciliary muscle, and temporary
loss of accommodation; e.g., Atropine; Duboisine; Belladonna;
Hematropine; Daturine; etc., are generally used for their local
action.
151. lVIyotic:-(Net1'ukashitayoga); (Hind:-Ankh ki
putli ko Sakornewali) :-Medicines causing contraction of the
pupil and dimunition of ocular tension; e.g., Eserine; Calabal'
bean; pilocarpine, etc .
. 152.
Narcotics: - (Nidrakari);
(Hind: -Nind lanewali) : -poisonous substances that chiefly influenc~ the brain;
drugs that produce unconsciousness or narcosis or stupor or
induce sleep by its action on the cerebrum.
~ _
Narcotics are also medicines which stupefy and diminish the activity
oof the nervous system. Given in small doses; they generally act as
-stimulants, but an increased dose produces a sedati~e' effect. Narcotics
are to be distinguished by their initial or preliminary exciting stage
from pure Hypnotics like Chloral and Bromide of Potassium, etc.;
amongst them are Opium; Morphine; Chloroform; Indian Hemp; Alco~hol, Camphor ari~cl- Ether.
.''''-
523
~\'pPENDlCES
See:-Hypnotics; Soporifics; Anod;ynes;

.and cerebral Stimulants.
Sedatives;
Somnifacient"
153. Nauseant:-Any agent that produces nausea.

154. Nervines:-(Hind:-Rag-o-reshon men bal karnewali) :-Remedies that calm nervous excitement or act favour.ably on nervous diseases and nervous system. The term
includes Narcotics; Anaesthetics; Hypnotics; Excito-motors;
etc.
155. Nutritives 01' Nutrients: -Not~1ishing (Hindi:.Ghi.za pahun chanawali) medicines included in tonics and
stimulants. E.g.:-Sago; Sugar.
156. , Oxytocics: -See: -Ecbolics: -Drugs that hasten
cl1ild birth by stimulating uterine contractions; e.g., Ergot;
Hydrastics; Quinine.
157. Parasiticide: -See: -"Antiparasitic": - (Krimighna)
(Hind: -Bahar ke kiromarnewali): -Destructive
of parasites,-animal as well as vegetable, which infest the human
hody. See also Germicides.
158. Parasitot1'opics are ideal disinfectants, which exert
a maximum action on the micro-organisms, and a minimum
actiQrl on the body tissues; these will be soluble in water
or wil1 form a uniform emulsion in all proportions, rapid in
action and non-corrosive to metals.
Paregorics: -See: -Sedatives: -are
medicines
159.
which actually assuage pain; e.g., Compound tincture of
Camphor; Henbane; Hops; Opium.
160. Partnrifacients: -See: -"EcboHcs": -Medicines or
Agents that induce parturition, i.e., giving birth to young.
161. Pectoral: - (Kasahara) : -A medicine useful in
diseases of the respiratory tract.
162. Pleservatives: -Substances added to foodstuffs to
inhibit decay.
163. Prophylactics are remedies employed to prevent the
attack of any particular disease; e.g., Quinine.
164. Ptyalagogue or Ptysmagogue:-See:-Sialogor.me:- A medicine which causes salivation.
165.
Purga:tive: - (Virechaneeya);
(Hind: --Kara
julab) : -A medicine producing, or increasing or hastening,
intestinal (from the bowels) evacuations. See: -Cathartics;
Evacuants; Aperients_ 'E.g., Senna; Rhubarb, .Jalap; Colocynth; Buckthorn; Aloes; Cream of tartar; Scammony; Calomel; Epsom sals; (Glauber's) salts; Sulphate of Potash;
Venice Turpentine.
524
166. pustulant: - (Mahalepa);

(Hind: -Phapoke dal
denewali) : -An irritant substance, which does not affect the
whole skin alike, but especially irritates isolated portions and
gives rise to the formation of pustules.
167. Refrigerants: -S~e also: -Antipyretics : - (Dahanasha.ka) (Hind: -Pias h;ujhanewali): -Medicine!- having
cooling properties on the surface of the body, or lowering
bodily temperature, and which quench thirst, and medicines
which suppress an unnatural heat of the body. These are
thus local or internal. E.g., Seville Oranges; Lemons; Tamarinds; Nitre; Cream of Tartar; Vegetable acids; Some Mineral
acids (much diluted), and I?any Diaphoretics.
168. Resolvents: - (See: -Absorptives; Discutients) : These which cause the absorption of inflammatory or other
swellings. These appear to act by stimulating the lymphatics,
as Iodine, Ammoniacum, etc.
169. Restoratives: -Medicines, cordials, or foods, which

exist already in the healthy blood or tissues, and are given in
diseases, where the system is supposed to be deficient in them,
and would be efficacious in restoring one to health and vigour;
E.g., Iron, Potash; Phosphorus, Chloride of Sodium etc. These
are identical with Haematinics, (which see).
170. Revulsive: -An agent designed to withdraw the'
blood from or counteract the tendencies toward a morbid focus
or process.
. 171. Rubefacient: - (Bareeyalepana);
Hind: - Lct!
chakatte dal-denewali): ~See: -Counter-h-ritants. A remedy
when externally applied, by irritation of the ends of the nerves~
of the skin, causes distension of the capillaries, inflammation
and reddening of the skin, and increases the blood flow of the
part; E.g., Mustard; Cayenne Pepper; Oil of Turpentipe:
Liquor Ammonia.
172. Salicylates: -Any salts of Salicylic acid: E.g., Salicylates of Ammonium; Atropin; 'Bismuth; Caffein; Cinchodin;
Lithium; Methyl; Physostigmin; Quinin; and ..sodium etc.~
have been employed in medicine, especially in rhe{xmatic affections.
173. Salines: -See: -Laxatives; Purgatives.
174. Saponins: -These are a variety of glucosides which
form froth when shaken with water, and ~hich are used to
emulsify oils and resins. Some are very poisonous and are
termed Sapotoxins.
175. Saporijic:-An a~ent giving a taste.
APPENDICES
525
176. Sal)otoxins: - (See: -Saponins). Active proplasmic

poisons obtained from Saponins. They are glucosides.
177. Sclerosing agents are drugs used for producing inflammation of the endothilial lining of the varices and are
therefore largely used in the injection treatment of varicose
veins.
178. Sedatives :-(See:-Depressants ) :-(Slvulahara);
(Hind: -Sulaur jalan dur karnewali): -Agents, that exert a
soothing effect by lowering functional activity; drugs which
quiet the nervous system without actually producing sleep;
E.g., Bromides; Aconite. See: -Cerebro-spinants.
Sedatives or Depressllnts are medicines which depress action of the
(1) nervous system, as tobacco; lobelia; Bromide of Potassium; Aconite,
etc. (2) the circulatory system, as aconite, veratrum; Prussic Acid, etc.
(3) the spinal cord, as Calabar bean, etc,
Sedatives are classified as under:(1) Arterial or General, (2) Cardiac. (3) Nervine. (4) Pulmonary ,or Respiratory. (5) Gastric. (6) Urinary. (7) Uterine.
Cardiac Sedative: (Hind:-Hirde ke dard ke clur karnewali).
Local Sedativ~:-(Hindi:-Sul clur kamewala lep).
Respiratory Sedative:-(Hincli:-Phepre wa sans ki na liyon ki so
zish clui karnewali).
Nervine Sedative:-(Hincl:-Bai ke tez darclon ko dur karnewali).
Gastric Sedative:-Hind:-Khatti dakar wa mede ke dard dur karnewall).
.
Arterial Sedatives are medicines which reduce the vital action of the
heart and arteries.
179. Sialagogue
or
Ptyalagogue: - (Lalavardhaka) ;
(Hind:-Ral-barhanewaLi wa thuk barhanewaIi):-Producing
or increasing a flow or secretion of spittle or saliva, by exciting
the salivary glands, either by a local irritation of the mouth,
causing reflex activity of the glands; E.g., P~llitory; Mezereon;
Tobacco; Mustard; Capsicum, etc., or by exciting the glands
during their elimination, as Pilocarpine; Muscarine; all the
preparations of Mercury; Iodide of Potassium etc. These are
either local or general.
180. Somnifacient: A medicine producing sleep; See:Hypnotic; Narcotic; Soporific.
,181. Soporific: (Hind:-Nind lanewali): :-An agent
that mduces sleep. E.g., Hops.
182. Sorbefacient; "":"An agent that induces absorption.
183. Spasmodic: -Pertaining to convulsions or spasms.
184. Stereoptenes: -Solid volatile oils.
THE INDIAN M:ATERIA MEDICA
526
185. Sternutatory:- (Chhikkakari): (Hind:- Chhin1cc lanewali' ya nazla bahadenewali): -See: -Errhine. A drug
or cOJIlP~und that causes sn~ezing by the local irritating action
on the nasal mucous membrane; E.g., Tobacco; Hellabore;
Ginger; Capsicum; and Ipec~cuanha, in powder.
186. Stimulants: - (Agnisthapaneeya); (Hind: -Uksanewali) : -See also: Counter~irritants. Agents exciting even
briefly the normal activity or depressed functions or organic
action of any part of the system, or some process of the economy; substances that increase vital energy and the force of
the action of heart and circulatory system.
1
J
The term "Stimulant" is frequently erroneously used as a synonym.

for alcohol and its preparations, which are true narcotics. Under this
head, may be included a great number of remedial agents. The subdivisions are vague and misleading; thus there are medicines which excite the spinal cord, as Strychnine, Phosphorus, etc., such are called
spinal stimulants; others exalt the functions of the liver, as Cholagogues;
others, the intestines, as Calomel, Epsom Salt, etc.; others the circulatory
sysem, as Digitalis, Belladonna etc.; others, the stomach as carminatives
and spices etc.; others, the skin. These latter are called external stimulants, and include all the counter-irritants.
,(1) Arterial stimUlants; e.g., Cayenne Pepper; Oil of Turpentine;
PhOS(P2h)orCus; Cbarblosn~te 1 AmmOl1,ia..
I h I O'
ere ra
hmu ants 0)' NTarcotIcs; e.g., A co 0; plUm; Morphia; Camphor; Stramonium, (leaves, roots, and seeds).
(3) Nervine or nervous stimulants:-(Hind:-Nariyon ka - bal
barhanewali) :-exciting nervous system; E.g., Musk; Castoreum; Assafoetida; Caffeine; Strychnine.
(4) Stomachic Stimulants:-(Hind:-Mede ke kam ko barhanewali).
See:-Aromatics.
(5) Circulatory Stimulani:-(Hind:-Khun ki Saliyon men achhi
tarah khun bahanewali); E.g. Adrenaline.
(9) 'Local StimuIants:-(Hindi:-Indriyon ke taqat denewali) :-Comprise of Laxatives, Emetics; Purgatives: Diuretics; Diaphoretics; Rubefacients; Expectorants; Sialagogue!"; Epispastics.
(10) Genel'aI Stimulants are sub-divided into two classes:(a) Diffusible and (b) Permanent. The first comprising Narcotics
and Antispasmodics, and the second T.onics and Astringents.
.
187. Stomach.ic :-(Kshudhavardhaneeeya) < (Hind : Bhuk barhanewali). A stimulant increasing or exciting the
secretion of gastric juice, functional activity of th~ stomach, by
improving the tone of stomach to promote appetite and digestion.. (Included in Stimulants and tonics); E.g., Bitters; Carminatives like Gentian. These are both direct and indirect.
188.
Styptics:-(Rakthasthambana).
See:-Haemosta-
tics; (Hind: -Khu11- band karnewali). Medicines that cause
vascular contraction of t~e blood yessels or coagulatjng the
..
I'
.-
APPENDICES
521'
albuminous tissues of the blood, and checks haemorrhage; E.g.,

Adrenaline; Alum; Iron salts; (perchloride of Iron); Kino;
Friar's balsam; Extract of Lead; Ice; Tannic Acid; Chloride of
Zinc; Creosote.
189. Sudorifics :-See :-"Diaphoretics" (Ug1'asveda~
neeya); (Hind: -Bahtlt zor se pasina lanewali) . Inducing
profuse sweating; medicine that moistens the skin; are mild
Diaphoretics; E.g., Ipecacuanha; Antimony; Jame's powder;
Ammonia:
190. Taeniacide or Teniacide, is a drug that destroys tape~
worms. See: -Anthelmintic.
191. Terebinthinate: -Comprising of gums and resins.
192. 'Tonics: - (Hindi: - Taqat Denetvali): -are strictly'
speaking medicines, which permanently increase the tone of
the part upon which they act, as well as improve the entire
general tone of the system, jointly and severally, by stimulating the nutrition. The term is too vague to convey any special
meaning. Their operation, in all cases, is general; e.g.,
Quassia; Gentian; Camomile; Wormwood; Angostura bark.
Tonics are classified as: -Of animal origin; pure bitters;, bitterspeculiar in properties; aromatics and mineral tonics. Thus it
may be on the stomach, as the pure vegetable bitters and aU
stomachics; or, on the cord, as Strychnine; or on the heart, as
Digitalis; or on the nervous system, as quinine and the valerianates; or on the muscular tissues, as Tannic acid; or on the'
circulating fluid, as Iron.
Stomachic tonic: (Hind:-Khub bhttk laganewali);
Intestinal tonic: (Hind: -Ant antariyon ko pttsht kart>.e~
waH) ;
Cardiac tonic: (Hind: ...,,-Dilko taqat denewali);;

Blood tonic: (Hind: -Khun barhanewali).
193. Tridoshaharam:-Annihilator of 'Tridosha' (Vata,.
Pitta, and Kapha).
194. Vacc,ines are sterilised suspensions of organismsr
living or dead in normal saline, which, when injected into a
man, or animal, provokes formation of immunity or antibody,
which directly or indirectly, either destroy the infecting organisms, or neutralise the toxin produced by these organisms.
195. Vasoconstrictors: -These are agents, which increase
the contraction of the smaller vessels by acting uon their muscular fibres, raising thereby the blood-pressure and lessening
circulation; they are used to check haemorrhage and reduce
inflammation.
.528
THE INDIAN'MATERIA MEDICA
196. Vaso-dilators:-Drugs, which produce dilatation of

the peripheral vessels, and the arterioles, lower the bloodpressure, and thus relieve ,the heart, increase circulation and
equalise blood-pressure; they are therefore used to relieve
internal congestion and alsO to relieve the embarrassed condition of the heart.
197. Vermicide. (Hind:-Kiremarnewali); See also:-'Anthelmintics:-That which kills intestinal worms.
198. Vermifuge: - (Hind: -Kiremarnewali); See also:Anthelmintics:-That which expels intestinal worms, though it
may not have power to cause their death.
.
199. Vesicant or Vesicatory; (Teekshnalevana); (Hind:
-Dane paida karnewali) .-A blistering agent or application;
E.g. Strong liquid Ammonia.-See: -Epispastics; Counterirritants.
200. Vesicatory:-See:-Vesicant; Epispastic.
201. Vulnerary: A remedy useful in healing wounds.
!r
INDEX-LIST OF PLANTS IN THIS BOOK

ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR
NATURAL ORDERS:N.B.:-Typical Exa.mples of each Natural Order appea.r with
Asterisk Marks
1. ACANTHACEAE:1. *Acanthus
ilicifolius,
18.
Linn. See:-Dilivaria ilicifolia, Juss.

*Adhatoda Vasica, N ees.
Andrographis echiodes,
Nees.
*Andrographis paniculata,
Nees.
*Asteracantha longifolia,
Nees. See:- IIygrophila
spinosa, T. Anders.
Asystasia
coromandeliana, Nees. See:- A.
gangetica.
Bar 1 e ria courtallica,
Nees.
*Barleria cristata, Linn.
See:- B. dichotoma.
Barleria
dichotoma.
Roxb. See:- Barleria
cristata.
Barleria longilora, Linn.
See:- Hygrop~a spinosa.
Barleria noctiflora, Linn.
*Barleria prionitis, Linn.
Barleria strigosa, Willd.
Blepharis edulis, Pers .
Blepharis molluginifolia,
Pers.
.
Daedalacanthus roseus,
T. Anders.
Dicliptera roxburghiana,
Nees.
19.
2.
'3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
:So
'9.
10.
iii
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
34
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
Dilivaria ilicifolia, Juss.

See:- Acanthus ilicifolius.
Ecbolium elaterium, A.
Rich.
Ecbolium
linneanum,
Kurz. See:- Justlcia
ecbolium.
Gendarussa
vulgaris,
Nees. See:- Justicia
gendarussa, Linn.
\.
Graptophyllum hortense,
Nees.
See:- Graptophyllum pictum; Justicia
picta.
Graptophyllum pictum,
L. Griff. 8ee::-Graptophyllum hortense; Justicia picta.
Gymnostachyum ebrifugum, Benth. See:- G.
alatum.
Haplall'thus tentaculatus,
Nees.
.
Haplanthus verticillaris,
Nees.
Hygrophila obo'vata.
Hygrophila ringens.
*Hygrophila spinosa, T.
Anders. H. longifolia,
See:- Astercantha 10ngifolia; Rubia longifolia.
Justicia adhatoda, See:_:_
Adhatoda vasica, Adha-
31.
32.
toda bivalvis; Justicia

bivalvis.
Justicia bivaivis, See:Adhatoda vasica.
Justice ecbolium, See:Ecbolium
linneamiID,
Kurz.
33. :l:J u s tic i a gendarussa,
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
4b.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
530
Burnt,
Nees,
Linn.
See:- Gendarussa vulgaris.
Justicia nasulla, See:Rhinacanthus
commumunis.
Justicia paniculata, See:
-Andrographis ,paniculata.
Justicia picta, Linn. &
Roxb. See: -Adhatoda
vasica;
Graptophyllum
pictum & G. hortense.
Justicia
procumbens,
Linn.
Justicia repens, Se:Rumgia repens.
Justicia Tranquebariensis.
J usticia zeylonsesium.
*Lepidag~tlUs
cristata,
Willd & Wight.
Neuracanthus
lawii,
Wight. See: -Neuracanthus sphaerostachyus.
Neuracanthus Sphaerostachyus, Dalz. See: -N.
lawiL
Peristrophe bicalycula-"
ta, Nees.
Phlogacanthus
thyrsiflorus, Nees.
Rhinacanthus communis,
Nees.
See:-Justicia
nasulla, R. nasuta.
*Ruellia prostrata, var:
-dejecta.
Rue II i a sufiruticosa,
Roxb.
V
. ''''-
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Rungia parviflora, N ees.

See: -R. pectinata.
*Rungia repens, Nees &
Wight. See: - Justicia
repens.
Strobilanthes auriculatus, Nees.
Strobilanthes Callosus,
Nees. See:-S. grahamianus, Wight.
Strobilanthes
ciliatus,
Nees. See:-S. callosus.
2. AIZOACEAE.
1.
Mollugo lotoides, O. kze.
3. ALANGIACEAE.
1.
Alangium
aites.
lamarkii, Thw-
4. ALGAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Chlondrus crispus, Lyngbye.

Fucus distichus, Linn.
Fucus nodosus, Linn..
Fucus vesiculosus, Linn.
same as F .. distichus.
Gelidium
cartilagineum,
Gaill. See: -Gracila~ia lichenoidesj ,Ficus or Fucus
vesiculosusj! Luminaria digilara.
*G rae ilaria ~ lichenoides,
Grev. See: -Gelidium cartilagineumj Luminaria digilara"
L u min a ria saccharina.
Lam, & L. Digitata & L.
potatorium .
lNDE..,{
531
Amaranthus viridis, Linn.

*Celosia
argentea, Linn.
1. Sag itt a ria sagittifolia, 18.
See:-C.
cristata,
Linn. or
Linn. & WiZld.
Haines .
distata, Linn.
6. AMARANTHACEAE 19 Celosia
See:-Amaranthus polyor AMARANTACEAE.
gamus.
1. '" Achyranthes aspera,
Linn.
2. '" Aerva lanata, Juss. See: 7. AMARYLLIDACEAE.
-A. fioribunda.
3. '" Alternanthera
echinata, 1. *Agave Americana, Linn.
2. Agave cantala, Roxb.
4. '" Altemanthera sessilis, R.
Br. or Linn. See:-A. 3. Agave. veracruz, Mill.
4. Agave vivipara, Lin.n &
triandra.
anardana,
Wight. See:-A. angustj5. Amaranthus
Hamilt.
folia.
6. Amaranthus blitum,
wightii, PTnin.
5. Agave
Linn..
See:-A. angustifolia.
canda:tus,
7. Amaranthus
zeylanicum,
6. Amaryllis
Linn.
See:-Crinum asiaticum.
8. Amaranthus farinaceus,
7. *Crinum asiaticum; Linn.
Roxb.
See:-C. toxicarium.
frumenta- 8. C r in u m braceteatum,
9. Amaranthus
ceus, Ham. See: -A. paSee:-Crinum asiaticum.
niculatus.
9. *Crinum defiexum, Ker.
10. Amaranthus gangeticus,
or, C. Asiaticum; C. bracLinn. See: -A. oleraceus;
teatum; C. toxicarium, or
A melancholicus.
Amaryllis zeylanicum.
11. Amaranthus hypochond- 10. *Crinum latifolium, LinQl.
riacus, Linn.
See:-C. zeylanicum.
12. Amaranthus
mangosta- 11. Crinum toxicarium, Roxb.
nus, Linn.
See:-C. Asiaticum.
13. Amaranthus
oleraceus, 1
Crinum, zeylanicum, Linn.
Linn. & Willd. ~:-A. 2. Similar _ to C. asiaticum.
Gangticus; var. oleracea,
See:-C. latifolium.
Hook.
v
Cur c u ligo orchioides,
Amaranthus
paniculatus,
13.
14.
Gaertn. & C. uncifolia.
Miq., & Linn. See:-A.
See:-Hypoxis brevifolia
frumentaceus, or A. ana& H. orchioides, 01' C.
caroan or A. farinaceus.
malabarica.
15. Amaranthus polygamus,
Willd. or A. hypochon- 14. Curculigo uncifolia. See:
-Hypoxis brevifolia and
driacus. See:-A. tristis.
H. orchioides.
16. Amaranthus trist"is, Linn.
& Willd. See:-A. poly- 15. Hypoxis brevifolia. See:gamus.
Curculigo 0 r chi 0 ide s,
S. ALISMACEAE.
17.
532
~ertn. Hypoxis orchioi- 15.

des.
Hypoxis orchioides, Kurz. 16.

See:-Hypoxis brevif<:>lia,
Kurz. Curculigo orchioides.
17.
17. Narcissus tazetta, Linn.
18. *Polianthes tuberosa, Linn.
16.
8. ANACARDIACEAE.
18.
*Anacardium
1.
occidentale,
Linn.
2. Buchanania Uugustifolia,
Roxb.
3. Buchanania lancifolia.
4. Buchanania
1a n zan,
Spreng. See:-B. latifolia.
5. Buchanania lot i f 0 1 i a,
Roxb. See:-B. lanzan;
Spondias elliptica.
5a. Cassuvium
pomiferum,
Lam.
5b. Chironji sapida.
6. HoI i gar n a arnottiana,
Hook. See:-H. longifolia.
7. Holigarna longifolia, W.
& A., & Roxb. See:-H.
arnottiana.
8. Holigarna nigra, Bourd.
9. Mangifera
domestica.
See:-Mangifera indica;
Mangifera montana.
10. *Mangifera indica, Linn.
M. montana; M. domestica.
11. Mangifera montana See:Mangifera indica; M anglfera domestica.
fera domestica.
12. Mangifera sylvatica.,
13. Melanorrhoea
usitata,
Wall.
14. Nothopegia
colebroo. kiana, Bl. See:-N., hey, neara, Gamble.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
<
",'J...".
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
N othopegia
h~yneara,
Gamble.
*Odina woodier, Roxb.
See:-Rhus odina; Lannea grandis.
Pistacia cabulica, See:Pi stacia khinjuk; Pistacia
mutica; Pistacia terebinthus.
Pistacia integerrima, Stewart. See:-P. kinjuk;
Rhus succedania; Rhus
kakra singee.
Pistacia khinjuk, Stocks.
See:-Pistacia cabulica;
Pistacia mutica; Pistacia
terebinthus; Pistacia integerrima. Rhus kukra
singee; R. succedania.
Pistacia lentiscus, Linn.
Pistacia mutica, See;Pistacia terebinthus, Linn.
Pistacia cabulica. Pistacia
khinjuk.
Pistacia terebinthus, Linn.
See:-Pistacia mutica; P.
cabulica; P. khinjuk.
Pistacia' vera, Linn.
Rhus coriaria, Linn.
Rhus insignis, Hook.
Rhus kakrasingi or kakrasingee Royle. See:Pistacia integerrima.
Rhus odina, See:-Odina
woodier; Lannea grandis.
Rhus parvi1ora, Roxb.
Rhus semi-alata, Morr.
Rhus suc&d,anea, Linn.
Similar to' Pistacea integerrima; R:- acuminata.
Rhus -wallichli, _- Hook.
*Semecarpus anacardium,
Linn.Spondias acuminata.
Spondias ekminut; See:Spondias mangifera.
INDEX
35.
Spondias elliptica, See:Buchanania

latifolia
Roxb.
'
36. *S p 0 n d i a s mangifera
Willd. See:-'-S. ekminut:
S. pinnata. '
37. Spondias pinnata, KurJ:.
See:-S. mangifera
&
lVIangifera pinnata. S.
ekminut.
9. ANNONACEAE.
5.
6.
7.
8.
or
ANO~ACEAE.
1. Annona cherimolia, Mill.

2. *Annona muricata, Linn.
3. *Annona reticulata, Linn.
4. :)0 Annona squamosa, Linn.
5. *Artabotrys
suaveolens,
Blume.
6. Bocagea dalzellii, HK. &
Thoms.
See:-Sageraea
laurifolia.
7. *Polyalthia
longifolia,
Benth & Hook.
8. *Unona narum, Dun. See:Uvaria narum, Wall.
9. Uvaria luvido, See:Uvaria narum,
Wall.
Unona narum, Dun.
10. Uvaria narum, Wall. or
Bl. See:-Uvaria luvido'
Unona narum, Dun.
'
11. Uvaria odoratissima, See:
-Artabotrys odoratissimus & Unona narum, Dun.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
10. APOCYNACEAE.
Aganosma calycina, A.
DC.
2. Aganosma caryophyllata, 18.
G. Don. See:-A. dichotoma.
19.
3. *Allamanda
cathartica,
Linn.
20.
4. *Alstonia sC,holaris, R. Br.
1.
53::1
Alstonia spectabilis, R.
Br.
Alstonia venenatus, R.
Br.
Alyxia stellata, Rom- &
Apocymene
frutescens,
See:-Ichnocarpus
fruSch.
tescens; Echites frutes-_
cens; Asclepias pseudosarsa;
val'.
latifolia;
Smilax chinensis or china.
Capparis corundas, See:Carissa carandas; Echites
spinosa.
*Carissa carandas, Linn.
See:-Capparis corundas.
Cerbera manghas, See:Cerbera odollam.
*Cerbera odollam, Gaertn.
See:-C. manghas; C.
Quarternifolia.
Cerbera
quarternifolia,
See:-Cerbera odollam.
*Cerbera thevetia, Linn.
& Don. See:-;-Thevetia
neriifolia, J USS.
Chenomorha antidysenterica. See:-Holarrhena
antidysenterica & pubescens; Echites antidysenterica.
Chenemorpha mac r 0phylla, G. D01~. I
Echites antidysenterica,
See:-Holarrhena
antidysenterica. Holarrhena
pubescens.
Chenomara
antidysenterica.
Echites dichotoma, Roxb.
See:-Vallaris heynei.
Echites frutescens, See:Ichnocarpus frutescens.
Echites spinosa, See:Capparis corundas.
534
21. *Holarrhena antidysenterica, Walt. See:-H. pubescens; Chonomorha anti-'

dysenterica; Echites antidysenterica.
pubescens,
22. Holarrhena
See:-Hollarrhena antidysentirica. Chenomorha
antidysentirica.
corym:bosa,
23. Hunteria
Roxb.
24. Ichnocarpus frutescens,
R. Br. Similar to Hemidesmus indica. See:Apocymene
frutescens;
Echites, frutescensj Asclepias pseudosa1'sa val'.
latifolia; Smilax chinen. sis or China.
25. Kopsia fIavida, Blttmfe
26. Leuconotis
eugeni 0 1ia,
D c.
monogynus,
27. Melodinus
Roxb.
28. Nerium antidysentericam
or cum.
29. Nerium
devaricatum.
See:- Tabernamontana
corona1'ia, Bt. T. heyneana.
30. *Nerium odorum, Soland.
See:-N. oleander; Thevetia nerifolia.
31. Nerium psidium, See:--Ne1'ium odo1'um; Thevetia nerifolia; Ce1'ebel'a
thevetia.
.
.
tmctorlUtn,
32. N e r i u m
See:-Wrighti tinctoria.
tom,entosul11,
33. N e r i u m
Roxb.
34. Ophioxylon serpentinUlU,
L i 7~ n. See:-Rauwolfia
serpentina.
35. Parsonsia spiralis, WaH.
See:-Heligrne rheedei~
. ,,~~
E
36~
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49
50.
51.
52.
53.
Plumeria
acuminata.
See:-P. alba & P. acutifolia.
~;Plumeria acutifolia, Poir,
See:-Plumeria
acuminata.
Plumeria alba, Linn.
*Rauwolfia
serpentina,
Benth. See:-Ophioxylon
serpentinum, Linn.
Rhazya stricta, DC.
Strophanthus
dichotomus, DC.
Tabernaemontana COl'Onaria, Br. & Willa. See:Nerium devaricatum; T.
heyneana; Ervatamia co1'ona1'ia, Stapf.
Tabernamontana crispa.
Tabernamontana dichotoma, Roxb. See:--Ervatamia dichotoma, Roxb.
Tabernamontana
heyneana, Wall. Use similar
to T. coronaria, Willd.
See:-E1'vatamia
heyneana, T. cooke.
Tabernaemontana sphaerocarpa, Bh~me.
Tabernaemontana wall ichiana, Steud.
*Thevetia neriifolia, Juss.
See:-Cerbera thevatia,
Don. Nerium odorum, Soland.
fraTrachelosper~um
grans, Hook.
Vallaris heyrtel, Spteng.
See:-Echites (li~hojoma;
V. solanacea.
Valla1'is per guIana, Bunn.
Vinca pusilla,
Murt..
See:-~chnera pusilla.
*Vinca rosea, Linn. See:Lochnera rosea.
,.
1,
moEX
535
14.
Colocasia indica, See:Alocasia indica.

Colocasia
macrorrhiza.
Schott.
Colocasia virosa, Kuntlt.
Homalomena aromatica,
Schott. S1:!e:-Asclepias
annularis.
Lagenandra
toxical'ia,
DaZz. See: -L. ovata.
!..asia spinosa, Thwaites.
Plesmonium
margaritiferum, Schott.
See:Arum margaritifera.
Pothos officinalis, See:Scindapsus
officinaiis,
Schott. Piper chaba.
*Pothos scandens, Linn.
Ramusatia
vi v i para,
Schott. See:-Arum viviparum.
Rhaphidophora pertusa,
Schott. See:-Pothos pel'tusa & Scindapsus pertusus.
gutta tum
ISauromatum.
Schott.
pedatum,
Sauromatum
Schott.
Scindapsus
officinalis,
Schott. See:-Pathos offi.cinalis;
Piper
chuba.
Piper officina,rum.
Sr,inantherias sylvatica,
Schott. See:-Arum sylvaticum.
Typhonium
trilobatum,
Linn & Schott.
See:-T. orixenze.
Wrightia antidysenterica,
Grah. See:-Holarrhena
antidysenterica, WaU.
55. *Wrightia tinctoria, R. Br.
See:-Nerium tinctorium;
W~ rothii.
56. *W rig htia
tomentosa,
Roem & Schult, See:Nerium tomentosa.
54.
11. ARACEAE, also

known as AROIDACEAE
1. *Acorus calamus, Linn. Ot'
A. odoratus. See:-Calamus aromaticus asiaticus.
2. Alocasia indica, Schott.
See:-A. montana; Arum
indicum.
3. Alocasia
macrorrhiza,
Schott. See:-A. odorum.
4. '-'Ainorphophallus camp anulatus, Roxb. or Blume.
or A. sylvaticus.
curvatum.,
5. AHsaema
Kunth. See:-A. tortuosum.
6. Arisaema
leschenaultii,
Blume.
7. Arisaema murray, (Graham). Hook.
8. Arisaema
speciosum,
Mart.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
\2.8 ..
Arisaema
tortuosum,
Schott, See:-A. curva- 29.
tum; Arum tortuosum.
A rum
campanulatus.
See:- Amorphophallus
campanulatus.
12. ARAUACEAE.
Arum colocasia.
Arum indicum, Roxb. 1. Aralia
pseudo-ginseng,
See:-Alocasia indica.
Benth. See:-Panax pseudo-ginseng.
*Colocasia
.antiquorum,
Schott, See:-C. escu- 2. Arthrophyllum blumealenta; Arum colocasia.
num, Zollo & Mm'.
536
3.
8. *Calotropis gigantea, R. Br.

and, C. procera, R. B1.
See:-Asclepias gigantea.
9. Calotropis procera, R. Br.
i10. Ceropegia bulbosa, Roxb.
C. acuminata, C. tuberosa.
13. ARISTOLOCHIACEAE \
11. :r.Ceropegia tube rosa, Roxb
1 :~ Aristolochia
bracteata, 12. Cosmostigma racemosum.
Retz.
Wight.
2. *Aristolochia indica, Linn. 13. *Cryptostegia grandiflora.
3. Aristolochia longa, Linu.
R. Br..
4. Aristolochia
rotunda, 14. Cyrtanthum or CynanLi11ht.
chum ipecacuanha, or
5. Aristolochia roxburghiana
C. vomitorum, See:-AsKlotz.
clepias asthmatica.
See:-A. Tagala.
15. Cynanthum or Cynan;.
6. Aristolochia serpentaria,
chum vomitorum. See:Linn.
Cynanchum ipecacuanha.
7. Asarum europoeum, Linn.
Cynanchum
Asclepias
S. Bragantia
tomentosa,
asthmatica.
Blume.
16. *Daemia extensa, R. Br.
9. Bragantia wallichii, R.
See:-Pergularia extensa
Br.
or Asclepias echinata.
17 Dregea volubilis, Benth.
See:-Marsdenia volubi14. AROIDEAE.
lis.
1. Dracontfum polyphyllum, 18. Gymnema arn:antiacum.
Linn.
19. Gymnema
balsamicum,
See:-Pluchea
indica,
15. ASCLEPIADACEAE.
Less.
Gymnema lactiferum.
1. Asclepias
annularis, 20. Gymnema
. latifolium,
:h.
See:-H 0 los t e m m a
Wall.
rheedii, Wall.
22. Gymnema spartum. See:2. Asclepias asthmatica.
leptadenia spartum.
3. Asclepias
curassavica,
Gymnema Sylvestre. R.
23.
Liwn.
Br.
or Asclepias gemi4. Asclepias echinata, See:-
nata.
,-,:
Daemia extensa.
*Hemidesmus
iIJdicus,
R
24.
4a. Asclepias gigentia, Willd.
Br.
or
Asclepias--pseudo5. Asclepias
pseudosarasa
sarsa, var. latifolia, S~e:
var., latifolia. See:-HeSmilax chlnenensis o:r
midesmus indicus.
Smilax china.
6. Boucerosia auchoriana,
25. *Holostemma rheedii, Wall.
Dcne.
See:-Asc1epias annula7. Boucerosia umbellata, W.
& A.
I
r~s.
4.
Hedera helix. Linn.

Panax fruticosum. Linn.
See:-Nothopanax fruti
cosy.m, Miq.
INDEX
531
26. *Hoya viridiflora, Roxb. 16. ASCOMYCETES.

See:-Dregea v:olubilis,
1. Cerevisiae fermentum.
Benth.
27. *Leptadenia reticulata, W.
&
A. See:-Asclepias 17\' BALSAMINACEAE.
tuberosa;
Gym, n em a 1. Impatiens
balsamina,
. aurantiacum.
Linn.
28. *Leptadenia
spartum,
Impatiens chinensis, Linn.
See:-Gymnema
spar- 3. Impatiens roylei, Walp.
tum.
29. Marsdenia royleii, Wight. 18. BEGONIACEAE, or
30. Marsdenia tinctoria, R.
BEGOMACEAE
Br.
1.
*Begonia
or Begoina rex,
'31. Oxystelma esculentum,
Putzeys.
R. Br. See:-Asclepias
rosea.
.32. Pentatropis microphylla, 19. BERBERIDACEAE.
W. and A.
1. *Berberis aristata, DC.
33. Pentatropis s p ira lis,
val'. floribunda or B.
Dcne. See:-P. chynanasiatica, Roxb. or B.
choides.
lycium, B. coriaria.
34. Periploca aphylla, Dcne.
2. Berberis asiatica, Roxb.
35. Periploca indica, See:- 3. Berberis lycium, Royle.
Hemidesmus indicus,
See:-B. parkeriana.
sylvestria; . 4. Bel' bel' i s nepalensis,
36. Periploc,a
See:-Gymnema
sylSpreng.
vestre.
5. Berberis vulgaris. Linn
37. *Sarcostemma brevistigma
OJ' Hook? See:-B. petioW. & A. See:-Asclepias
laris.
acida.
em od i,
6. Podophyllum
interme38. *Sarcostemma
Wall.
dium, Dcne. (Use sam.e
as S. brevistigma).
20. BETULACEAE.
stocksii,
39. *Sarcostemma
Hoole. See:-Sarcostemma 1. Alnus nepalensis, D. Don ..
brevistigma.
S arc 0 s- 2. Alnus nitida, Endl.
temma intermedium. As21. BIGNONIACEAE.
clepias acida.
40. Secamone emetica, R. Bl.
1. Amphicome emodi, Lindt
41. *Tylophora asthmatica, W.
2. Big non i a suaveolens,
&A.
cheloSee :-Bignonia
Tylophora
fasciculata,
42.
Heterophragma
noides.
Ham.
,
chelonoides.
Heteroph43. Tylophora tenuis, Blume.
ragma suaveolens. Ste-
reospermum suaveolens,
44. Tylopbora tenuissima, lr.
DC.
&A.
rt
538
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Bignonia xylocarpa 01'

xylocarpum.
See: Radermachera xylocarpa.\
Stereospermum xylocaL'~
pum, Benth, Wight, &, ,
Hook.
Crescentia cujete, Kinn.
*Dolichandrone
falcata~
Seem.
Dolichandrone stipulata,
Benth
Heterophragma
chelonoides, See:-Heterophragma suaveolens, Bignonia suaveolens. Bignonia chelonoides. Stereospermum suaveolens.
*Heterophragma
r 0 xburghii. DC. See:-Bignonia quadrilocularis.
Heterophragma suaveolens, Heterophragma chelonoides. See:-Bignonia
suaveolens, Bignonia chelonoides, Stereospermum
sttaveolens, DC.
Heylandia latebrosa, DC.
*Oroxylon or Oroxylum
iI}dicum,
Vent. See:Colosanthes indica, or
Bignonia indica.
*Stereospermum
chelono ides, C. B. Clarke.
See:-S. tetragO)lum.
* Stereospermum suaveolens.
See:-Stereosnermum chelonoides. Heterophragma
suaveolens,
Heterophragma chelonoides, or Bignonia suaveolens or Bignonia chelonoides.
Stereospermum xylocarpum, Benth, Hook &
Wight. See: - Radermachera xylocarpal, Bign6-
15.
nia xylocarpal or Bigno-'

nia xylocarpum.
Tecoma undulata. G. Don.
See:-Tecomella
undulata, Seem.
22. BIXACEAE.
1. *Bixa orellana, .Linn.
23
BIXINEAE.
1. Asteriastigma
pa, Bedd.
macrocal'-
24. BOMBACACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Adansonia digitata, Linn.

See:-Baobabus digitata.
Bombax heptaphylla, See:
-Bombax malabarica.
*&mbax
malabaricum,
DC. See:-Bombax heptaphylla, Bombax ceiba.
Bombax pentadrum, Linn.
See:-Ceiba pantandra;
Eriodendron fradu<>sum.
*Eriodendron anfractuo~
sum, DC . . See:-1. Cei}la
pentamra; 2. Bombax
ceiba. 3. Bombax pentandrum.
25.
BORAGINACEAE or
BORAGINEAE..
1.
Borago officinalis, Linn.'

or Borrago officinalis.
Caccinia glaue:s; Savio
Cissus
quadrangularis,
See:-Cissus edulis. Lycopodium - imbrica1:um.
Heliotropium
indicum,
Linn.
*Coldenia
procumbens,
Linn.
Cordia angustifolia, Don.
2.
3c
4.
5.
I
t.
INDE..,{ .
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
Cordia latifolia, Roxb.

See:-Cordia obliqua.
('Cordia macleodii, Hoole. t
&Th.
Cordia monoica, Roxb.
*Cordia myxa, Roxb &
Linn, or Cordia domesCordia' obliqua,
tica,
Willa.. or Cordia latifolia.
Cordia obliqua, Wight. &
WiZld. See:-Var wallichi, C. B. Clarke. C. latifolia; C. myxa.
*Cordia rothii, Rom &
Schult ..
Cordia vestita, Hook.
Ehretia buxifolia, Roxb.
See:-Ehretia m i c r 0phylla.
E h ret i a obtusifolia,
HfJChst. See:-E. aspera.
Heliotropium cordi folium,
See:-Heliotropium indicum, Linn.
Heliotropium eichwaldi,
S t e u d,
Heliotropium
europaeum.
Heliotropium europaeum,
Linn. See:-Heliotropium
eichwaldi, Steud.
*Heliotropium
indicum,
Linn.
See:-Tiagidium
indicum.
Heliotropium ophioglossum. Stocks. Similar to
other species of Heliotropium.
*Heliotropium ovalifolium,
Forsk.
21.
22.
Heliotropium strigosum,
WiUd. Heliotropium brevifolium.
Heliotropium undulatum,
Vah!. See:-Heliotropium
tuberculosum.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
Lithospermum officinale,
LinT!-.
Lycopodium imbricatum
See:-Cissus edulis, C~
sus quadrangularis. Lycopodium imbricatum. Heliotropium indicurn, Linn.
Macrotomia
benthami,
D.C.
Macrotomia
perennis,
Boiss.
Macrotomia s pee i 0 s a,
Aitch et Hemsh.
*Onosma bracteatum, Wall.
Onosma echioides, Linn.
Onosma hookeri, Clarke.
Rhabdia lycioides, Mart.
See:-Rotula
aquatica,
Lour.
Solenenthus sp. Hk. t &
T.
33.
Trichodesma africanum,
R. Br.
34. *Trichodesma indicum, R.
Hr. See:-Borago indicum.
35 Trichodesma zeylanicum,
R. Br.
25. BROMELIACEAE.
~
1.
Ananas sativus, Schult. f.

Syst., Linn.
27. BURSERACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
A IIlj y r i s commiphora,
Roxb. See:-Balsamodendron roxburghii; Anl.
Commiphora agallocha.
Balsamaria or Balsmaria
inophyllum, See:-Calophyllum apetalum.
Balsamodendron mukul,
Hook.
See:-Commiphora mukul; B. agallo-
chao
540
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
28.
1.
THE INDIAN IliA TERIA MEDIC;:A
Balsamodendron myrrha,
Nees.
Balsamodendron opobaIsamum, Kunth.
pIayBalsamodendron
fairii, Hook.
Balsamodendron pubescens, Stocks. See:-B.
m u k u 1;
Commiphora
stocksiana.
Balsamodendron
roxburgh ii, Stocks. See:Commiphora mukul.
Balsamodendron zeylaniSee:-Canarium
cum,
commune.
Boswellia glabra, Roxb.
Boswellia thurifera, Boswellia
serrata,
Roxb.
See:-Olibanus thurifera.
Boswellia serrata, Roxb.
Boswellia thurifera or
thuriferia? Cole.
Canarium
bengalense,
Roxb.
Canarium
commune,
Linn. or (Amyridaceae or
Simarubaceae.)
See:Balsamodendron zey lanicum.
Canarium pimeta, Koen.
Canarium strictum, Roxb.
Commiphora
m u k u 1,
Eng!.
or Commiphora
africana See:-Balsamodendron muku!. Balsamodendron roxburghii.
Commiphora my r r h a,
Seer.- Balsampdendron
myrrha.
' .
Garuga pinnata, Roxb.
2.
Opuntia dillenii, Haw.

See:-cactus indicus.
,29. CAESALPINEAE or
CAESALPINIACEAE
or CAESALPINIOI
DEAE.
1.
Bauhinia macrostachya,
Wall. See :-Bauhinia
scandens.
2. *Bauhinia pLtrpurea, Linn.
....') Bauhinia purpurosa, See:
-Bauhinia variegata
4. *Bauhinia racemosa, Lam.
See:-Bauhinia variegata.
4a. Bauhinia retusa, Ham &
Roxb.
5. Bauhinia tomentosa, Linn.
6. Bauhinia vahlii, W. & A.
7. *Bauhinia variegata, Linn.
See:-Phanera variegata.
8. Caesalpinia bonduc, Roxb.
or Baker? See:-C. jayaboo
9. *Caesalpinia bonducella,
FZ~ming.
See:-Guilandina bonduceIla, C. crista.
10. *Caesalpinia cor i a ria,
Willd.
11. Caesalpinia digyna, Rottl.
or C. oleosperma. .
12. Caesalpinia nuga, Ait.
13. *Caesalpinia pulcherrima,
Swartz.
14. Caesalpinia sappan, Linn.
15. Cassia absus, ~inn.
16. Cassia acutifolia, or Cassia angustifolia, See:Cassia lanceolata.~ 17. Cassia alata, Linn, or
C. hefpetica; Cassia bracteata, See:-Senna alata.
CACTACEAE.
18. Cassia angustifolia, Vahl.
Cactus indicus, See:See:-Cassia lanceolata,
opuntia dillenii, Haw. I r
tinn. Senna officinalis.
~
.0""/-
INDEX
19. *Cassia auriculata, Linn.

See:-Senna auriculata.
20. Cassia burmannii, Wight.
See:-Cassia obovata.
21. Cassia
coromendeliana,
See:--Cassia so p her a,
Linn.
22. *Cassia fistula, qnn. See:
-Cassia rhombifolia.
23. Cassia glauca, Lam.
24. Cassia lanceolata, Wall, or
Linn.. See:--Cassia angustifolia,
Var:-Cassia
elongata, and Senna auriculata.
25. Cassia mimosoides, Linn.
26. Cassia obovata, Linn, or
Cassia senna. See:Senna obovata, C. obtusa,
C~ burmanni.
27. Cassia obtusifolia, Linn.
See:-Cassia toroides.
28. *Cassia occidentalis, Linn.
See:-Senna occidentalis
29. *Cassia Siamea, Lam.
30. Cassia sophera, Linn. or
Cassia
coromendeliana.
See:-Senna sophera.
31. *Cassia tora, Linn. See:Cassia toroides. Cassia
foetida. Cassia obtusifolia Cassia tagara.
32. Ceratonia siliqua, Linn.
33. Cynometra ram i flora,
Linn. Var. Mimosoides.
See:-C. mimosoides.
34.' *Haematoxylon cam p ~
chianum, Linn.
35. Hardwickia pin nat a,
Roxb.
36. Humboldtia v a h 1 iana,
Wight.
37. *Saraca indica, Linn. See:

--Jonesia asoka, Jonesia
pinnata.
\
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
541
Senna alata, See:-Cassia
alata.
Senna auriculata, Roxb.
See:-Cassia auriculata.
Senna indica, See:-Cassia lanceolata.
Senna obtusa, See:--Cassia obovata.
Senna occidentalis, Roxb.
See:-Cassia occidentalis.
Senna sophera, Roxb.
See:-Cassia sophera.
Senna tora, See:-Cassia
tora.
*Tamarindus indica, Linn.
Wagatea spicata, Dalz.
30. CAMPANULACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
Codonopsis ovata, Benth.

Cyananthus $p. Hook. f.
& T.
Lobelia
nicotianaefolia,
Heyne.
31. CAPPARIDACEAE.
Cadaba farinosa, Forsk.
See:-C., indica; Straemia
tetrandra.
la Cadaba indica Lamk. or
C. farinosa (& C. trifolia-
1.
tao
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Capparis a cum i nata,

Roxb.
Capparis aphylla, Roth,
or Capparis spinasa. See:
-Capparis decidua.
Capparis diffusa,
Capparis heyneana, Wall.
Capparis horrida, Linn.
See:-Capparis zeylani.
"'Capparis sepiar!a, Linn .
See:-Capparis incanescens.
Capparis trifoliata.
542
9. *Capparis z~ylanica, Linn. .34.

See:-Capparis horrida.
10. Cleome chelidonii, Linn. I
1.
11. Cleome dodecandra,
12. Cleome felina, Linn. See: l 2.
Polanisia felina.
I
13. Cleome pentaphylla, Linn.' 3.
See:-Gynandropsis gy- 4.
nandra.
14. *Cleome viscosa, Linn. ar 5;
Cleome icosandraj See:Polanisia viscasa, D.C.
Polanisia icasandra.
15. Crataeva marmelos, See:
-Aegle marm.elos.
35.
16. *Crataeva nurvala, Ham.
or Crataeva religiosa.
1.
17. *Crataeva religiosa, Hook
& Forst. See:-Crataeva
nurralaj Crataeva rox- 36.
1.
bUrghii.
b
S
18. C rataeva rox urghii. ee:
-Crataeva religiosa.
2.
19. *Gynandropsis pen t a phylla, DC. See:-Gynandropsis 'gynandra.
3.
20. Maerua arenaria, Hoole.
Seeb:-hMaerua bovaliffollia, 4.
0 longi 0 ia,
Nie u ria
Royle; & Capparis heteroclita.
21. Po1anlisia icosandra, See: 5.
-C eome viscosa.
-22. ~~~neCsila viscosa, DC. 6.
~:- eome viscosa.
32. CAPRIFOLIACEAE.
1. Lonicera glauca, Ilk. f &
T.
2.
3.
4.
Sambucus ebulus, Linn.

Sambulus nigra, Linn.
Viburnam foetidum, Wall.
33. CARlCACEAE.
1.
Carica papaya, Linn.
I'
CARYOPHLLACEAE
Cerastium glomeratum.
Cerastium in d i cum,
Thuill.
Drynaria cordata, Willd.
*Polycarpoea corymbosa,
Lamk.
Saponaria vaccaria, Linn,
See:-Gypsophila vaccaria & Saponaria perfoliata.
CASUARINACEAE.
Casuarina
Forst.
equisetifolia,
CELASTRACEAE.
Celastrus montana. See:

- ....:celastrus paniculata.
Celastrus multiflora, See:
-Celastrus
paniculata,
Wald.
Celastrus nutans, See:Celastrus paniculatus.
Celastrus pan 1 culata,
WiUd. See:- Celastrus
montana; Celastrus multiflora; & Celastrus nutans.
Celas-trus
Senegalensis,
Lam.
Celastrus spinosa, Royle,
See:-Gypnosporia royleana,
7. Elaeodendron
glaucum,
Pets.
See:~ Elaeodendron roxburghii; Elaeodendron panticulatum?
8. Elaeodenaron Pariiculatum. See:-Elaeodendron
glaucum, PeTS.
9. Elaeodendron roxburghii,
W. & A. See:-Elaeoden,dron glaucum.
I
f
I
J
IND~
10
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
Euonymus
american us,
See:-Euonymus atropurpureus.
Euonymus atropurpureus,
B. P.; Euonymus europaeus; Euonymus amaricanus; & Euonymus theophrasti.
Euonymus europoeus.
Euonymus hamiltonianus.
Euonymus pen dulus,
Wall.
Eilonymus
theophrasti,
Wall.
Euonymus tingens, Wall.
Gymnosporia
montana,
(Roth) Benth.
See:Gymnosporia spinosa.
Gymnosporia s p i nosa,
Forsk. or Hk. F. See:-G.
montana; Catha spinosa.
Celastrus senegalensis.
Hippocratea indica, Willd.
Kokoona z e y 1 ani c a,
Thwaites.
Salacia oblonga, Wall.
Salacia reticulata, Wight.
37. CELASTRINEAE.
1.
Lophopetalum
Kun.
38.
CHENOPODIA~
CEA.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
wallichii,
543
7. Beta bengalensis, Roxb.

. 8. Beta maritima, Linn.
9. *Beta vulgaris, Linn.
10. Chenopodium alb u m,
Linn.
11. Chenopodium
ambrosioides, Linn.
12. Chenopodium bot r y s,
Linn.
13. Haloxylon multiflorum,
. Bunge.
14. Kochia indica, Wight.
15. Salsola foetida, Delz. See:
-Salsola spinescens.
16. iialsola kali, Linn.
17. Spinacia glabra, See:Spinacia inermis.
18. Spinacia inermis, See:Spinacia glabra.
19. *Spinacia oleracea, Linn.
See:-Spinacia setrandra;
& Spinacia spinosa.
20. Spinacia setrandra. See:
-Spinacia oleracea; &
Spinacia spinosa.
21. Spinacia spinosa. See:. Spinacia oleracea; Spinacia setrandra.
22. Suaeda fruticosa, Forsk.
39. CHLORANTHA-
CEAE.
1.
Chloranthus inconspicuus,
Linn.
Arthroenemum indicum, 40. COCHLOSPERMACEAE.

Moq.
:I< Atriplex hortensis, Linn.
1. Cochlospermum
gossy-.
*Basella alba, Linn. See:pium, DC. See:-Bombax
B. tubra; B. lucida, B.
gossypium.
cordifolia.
Basella cordifolia.
41. COLCHICACEAE.
Basella lucida.
1. *Hermodactylus gol, See:
*Basella rubra, Linn. See:
-Colchicum variegatum;
-Basella alba.
544
Colchicum luteum; &

Colchicum a u tumnal
Iris tuberosa.
r;
42. COMBRETACEAE. ~
13.
14.
1. *Anogeissus latifolia, Wall.

2.
3.
4.
See:-Conocarpus latifo- 15.

lius.
Calycopteris floribunda,
Lamk.
See:- Combre- 16.
tum extensum.
Combretum
extensum, 17.
See:-Colycopterus fioribtroda.
Combretum p i los u m,
Roxb.
5.
6.
7.
8
9.
10.
11.
12.
Conocarpus latifolia, or
latifolius? Roxb. See:Anogeisus- hitifolia.
Pentaptera angustifolia,
See:-Terminalia arjuna,
W. &A.
Pentaptera glabra, See:Terminalia arjuna, W. &
A.
*Quisqualis indica, Linn.
See:-Quisqualis villosa.
Quisqualis villosa, See:Quisqualis indica, Linn.
Syzygium .j~bOlanum;
DC. See:-Eugenia;< jambolana; Psidium guyava,
Linn. J ambosa . vulgaris,
Pyrus communis, Linn.
Psidium pyriferum; &
Psidium pomiferum.
Terminalia alata, See:Terminalia crenu 1 a t a;
Terminalia glabra; Terminalia tomentosa, B,edd.
Pentaptera tomen t 0 s a;
Terminalia typica; & Terminalia ceriacea.
*Terminalia arjuna, }V. &
A. See:-Pentaptera :::.gla... j,}_";
18.
19.
20.
21.
bra; Pentaptera angustifolia, & Pentaptera arjuna.

*Terminalia belerica, Roxb
Perminalia catappa, Linn.
See:-Perminalia myrobalans.
*Terminalia ehebula, Retz.
& Roxb. See:-Terminalia reticulata.
Terminalia eitrina, Roxb.
& Fleming.
Terminalia
erenulata,
See:-Terminalia tomentosa; Terminalia glabra;
Terminalia alata; & Pentaptera tomentosa
Terminalia glabra, See:Terminalia
tomentosa,
Bedd. Terminalia crenulata; Pentaptera tomentosa; Terminalia typica;
& Terminalia coriacea.
Terminalia alata.
*Terminalia
paniculata,
Roth. Sae:-Pentaptera
Paniculata.
Terminalia
reticulata,
See:-Terminalia
chebula, Retz. Roxb.
*Terminalia tomentosa, W.
& A. & Var:-Typica;
coriacea (Bedd.) See:T. crehulata.; T. glabra,
T. alata; Pentaptera toment()sa.
l>''
43. COMMELINACEAE.
.~-'
1.
Aneilema
R.R
.-
-l1 udiflorum,
2.
Aneilema
3.
4.
,
Aneilema spira tum, R. Br.

Commelina benghalensis,
Linn. See:-Commelina
scapifiorum,
Wight~
INDEX
nudiflora, Linn. Comme~

lina obliqua, Ham.
Commelina n u d i flo r a,
Linn.
Commelina obliqua, Ham. 12.
Commelina
salicifolia,
Roxb.
Commelina sufiruticosa,
Bl.
13."
Cyanotis axillaris, Schultes. r See:-Tradescantia
axillaris, Linn.
14.
C y a not i s cucullata, 15.
Kunth.
Cyanotis tuberosa, Schul- 16.
tes.
Tradescautia or Prades- 17.
cantia
axillaris, Linn.
See:-Cyanotis axillaris,
18.
Schultes.
545
Linn. or Artemisia vulgaris, or Artemisia indica;

5.
Artemisia paniculata; Absinthium vulgare.
6.
Artemisia maderaspatana,
7.
See:-:-arangea adansonia;
&
Grangea maderas8.
patana.
Art e m i s i a rnaritiri:la,
9.
Linn. or Artemisia brevifolia, Wall.
Artemisia parsica, Bows.
10.
Art e m i s i a sacrorum,
Ledeb.
11.
A rt em iiS i a
scoparia,
Waldst.
12.
Artemisia
siversiana,
WiUd.
Artemisia
~gdalinay,
Dene. Artemisia campbelli, Hk. f. Artemisia
44. COMPOSITAE.
caruifolia, Ham. Artemi1. Absinthium officinalis, or
sia desertorum, -Sprong.
Absinthium
vulgaris.
ATtemiisia Idracuticulus,
See-Artemesia a b s i nLinn. Artemisia macrocethium.
phala, J acq. Artemisia
2. Acanthospermum hispiminor, Jacq. Artemisia
dum, DC.
mollissima, D. Don. Arte3. Achilliea millefolium,
m i sda
moorcraftiana,
Linn.
Wall. Artemisia parvi4. *Ageratum
conyzoides,
flora, Roxb. Artemisia
Linn.
. roxburghiana, Bess. Arte5. Anacyclus
pyrethrum;
misia royleana, DC; ArteDC. See:';_Pyrethri radix.
miSia saIsdlides, WiUd.
'6. Anaphalis neelgerriana,
Artemisia stracheyi, Hk.
DC.
f.
Artemisia
stricta,
7. Anthemis nobilis, Linn.
Edgew. Artemisia tourne8. Aplotaxis auriculata, DC.
fortiana, Rehb. Artemisia
See:-Saussuria auricu~
vestita, Wall.
lata.
19. *Artemisia vulgaris, Linn.
9. Aplotaxis or Heplotaxis
auricula?
20. Ascaradia indica. See:Vernonia anthelmintica.
Aplotaxis or Heplotaxis
Willd. Conyza ascaradia.
lappa?
Serratula anthelmintica.
10. Arnica montana, Linn.
11. Artemisia
absinthium, 21. Aster trinervius, Roxb.
35
546
Bidens trifida, Buch. Big- 47.

nonia grandiflora, W md.
Biophytum sensitivum,'
48.
DC.
23 Blumea amplectens, DC
49.
24. Blumea balsamifera, DC
& Blumea densiflora.
50.
25. Blumea bifoliata, DC. &
Blumea densiflora.
51.
26. Blumea densifiora, DC.
52.'
27. Blumea eriantha, DC.
28. Blumea lacera, DC. &
Blumea aurita.
29. *Blumea wightiana, DC.
30 f 'CalallduJa
officinaJ.is, 53.
Linn.
'
31. Carduus nutans, Linn.
32. ''-'Carthamus
tinctorius, 54.
Linn.
33. Centaurea behen, Linn.
55.
34. Centaurea cyanus, Linn.
56.
35. Centipeda
orbicularis, Lour.
See:-Artemisia 57.
sternutatoria;
Dicroce58.
phala. or A. ptarmica.
36. Chrysanthemum coronarium, Linn.
37. '~Chrysanthemum illdicum, 59.
Linn. See:-Pyrethrum
indicum, DC.
38. *Cichorium endivia, Linn. 60.
39. *Cichorium intybus, Linn.
40. Cirsium arvens~, Scop.
61.
41. Conyza cinerea, See:Conyza purpurea. Vernonia cinerea, Less.
.
42. Conyza purpurea, See:Conyza cLinerea. Vernonia 62.
cinerea, ess.
43. Cotuia anthemoides, Linn. 63.
44. *Cynara scolymus, See:Asclepias asthmatica.
45. Dicoma tomentosa, Casso 64.
46 Dolomaea macroc,ephala,
DC.
22.
Doronicum
hookeri,
Clarke.
Doronicum pardilianches,
Linn.
Doronicum roylei, DC.
See:-D. hooked.
*Echinops echinatus, DC.
& Roxb.
*Eclipta alba, Hasek.
See: -Eclipta erecta.
':'Eclipta
erecta,
Linn.
See:-Eclipta alba. Eclipta
prostata.
See:-Verbesina calendulacea.
Eclipta prostrata, Roxb.
See:-Verbesina calendulacea.
"Elephantopus
scaber,
Linn.
*Emilia sonchifolia, DC.
Enhydra fiuctuans, Lom.
'See:-Hingtsha repens.
E rig e ron asteroides,
Roxb.
E r. i g e ron canadensis,
Linn.. Se:-Erigeron viscosum.
Erigeron
vis cos u m,
See:-Erigeron canadensis.
Eupatorium aromaticus.
See:-Eupatorium
ayapana.
Eupatorium ~apana, DC.
See;~-Eupatorium
triplmerve; Eupatorium perfoliatum; & Eupatorium
aromaticl1S.
Eupatorium canmibinum.
Linn.
Eupatorium - penoliatum,
See:-Eupatorium ayapana.
Eupatorium triplinerve,
Vaht See:-Eupatorium
ayapana.
,
I
i
INDEX
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
F 1ave ria ciustralasica,
Hook.
'
Francoeria crispa, Casso
Glossocardia
bosvallia,
See:-Glossocardia linearifolia.
Glossocardia linearifolia,
Casso See:-Glossocardia
bosvallia.
Glossogyne
pinnatifida,
DC.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
Gnaphalium luteo-album,
Linn.
G ran g e a
adansonia,
See:-Grangea maderaspatana; Artemisia maderaspatana.
Grangea maderaspatana,
Poir.
See:-Artemisia
maderaspatana; Grangea
adansonia.
*Guizotia abyssynica, Casso
See:-Verbasina sativa,
or G. oleifera.
*Helianthus annuus, Linn.
*Helianthus tuberosus, or
Cynara scolymus. See:Heliaphyllum indicum.
Inula helenium, Linn.
'Inula ,racemosa, Hook.
same as I helenium.
lnula royleana, DC.
Jurinea macrocephala,
Benth.
Lactuca capitata, See:Lactuca scariola. Lactuca
sativa; Lactuca virosa.
Lactuca heyneana, DC.
See:-Lactuca runcinata.
*Lactuca rem.otiflora, DC.
Lactuca I'uncinata, DC.
See-Laduca heyneana,
DC.
84. *Lactuca sativa,

Linn.
See:-Lactuca
scariola.
547
Lactuca capitata. Lactuca

virosa.
85. Laduca scariola, Linn.
See:-Lactuca
sativa;
Lactuca capitata; Laduca
virosa.
86. Lactuca
virosa, Linn.
See:-Lactuca sQariola,
Lactuca sativa,
Linn.
Linn. Lactuca capitata.
87. Lagasca mollis, Cov.
88. Lagasca
spinosissima,
Cav.
89. Lamprachaenium microcephalum, Benth. See:-
Lansium
domesticum
Jack. (N.O. Meliaceae).
90. Launaea
aspleniifolia,
Hook.
91. Launaea nudicaulis, Hook
92. *Laun,aea
pinnatifida,
Ca.ss.
93. Matricaria
chamomilla,
Linn. or Matricaria sua..:.
veolens.
94. Microrhynchus nudicaulis, Less.
95. Myriogyne minuta, Less.
See:-Centipeda orbicu
laris, Lour. Artemisia
ptarmica; Artemisia sternutatoria.
96. *Notonhi grandiflora, DC.
97. Pluchea indica,
Less.
See:-Gymneme
balsamicum.
98. Pluchea lanceolata, C.B.
Clarke & Olivo
99. Pulicaria crispa, Benth
& Sch.
100. 'Pyrethrum indicum, DC.
S$I:- Chrysanthemum
indicum, Linn.
101. Pyrethrum radix, See:-Anacyclus pyrethrum.
.,
548
, 102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112,
113.
114.
115.
116.
117.
118.
119
pyrethrum umbelli.ferum, Boiss.

Rhynchospermum verticillatum, Rein.
Saussurea
candicans;
Clarke.
.
Saussurea
hypoleuca;
Spreng. See:-Saussurea lappa, Clarke &
Haploraxis auricula.
Saussurea lappa, Clarke.
See:-Saussurea
auriculata,
or Aplotaxis
lappa, or Aplotaxis auriculata; A u c k I and i a
costs; & Haplotaxis auricula.
Saussurea
obvallata,
WaH.
Senecio
densiflorus,
Wall.
Senecio jacobpea, Don.
Senecio jacquemontianus, Benth.
Senecio laciniosus, Wall.
Senecio quinquelobus,
Hook.
Sen e c i 0 tenuifolius,
Burm. See:-Doronicum
tenufolium.
Senecio vulgaris, Linn.
Serratula anthelmintica,
Roxb.
See:-Vernonia
anthelmintica. Ascardia
indica. Conyza ascaradia.
Siegesbeckia brachiata,
Roxb. See:-Siegesbeckia orientalis, Linn.
Siegesbeckia orientalis,
Linn.
Silybum
marianum,
Linn. & Gaertn.
Solidago
virga-;sureaj
Linn.
..
Sonchus arvensis, Linn.

See:-Sonchus orixensis,
& S. wightianus.
121. *Sonchus oleraceus, Linn.
122. Sonchus orixensis, See:Sonchus arvens~.
123. Sphaeranthus amaranthoides, Burm.
124. Sphaeranthus
hirtus,
See:-Sphaeranthus indicus;
Sphaeranthus
molls.
inilieus,
125. *Sphaeranthus
Linn. See:-Sphaeranthus hirtus.
126. Sphaeranthus microcephalus,
See:-Sphaeranthus laevigatus.
suaveo127. Sphaeranthus
lens.
128. Spilanthes
a c m e 11 a,
Murr. 0')' Linn. Var:oleracea, C,. B. Clarke.
129. Spilanthes calva or salva.
ole- See:-Spilanthus
racea; Spilanthus panicuI a t a;
Spilanthus
aemellas.
130. Spilanthes oleraeea, C.B.
Clarke & Jacq. See:Spilanthes
salva
or
calva;
Spilanthes acmella; Spilanthes paniculata.
131. Spilanthes
paniculata;
.
See: -Spilanthes 01 eracea; SpiJrnthes calva
or salva?' .
132. Tagetes erecta, Linn.
133. 'J'araxacum. densleonis,
Linn.. See:':"':"Taraxacum
officinale.
134. *Taraxacum
officinale.
Weber in Wigg. See:Taraxacum densleonis,
120.
Linn.
135.
136.
137.
138.
INDEX
549
Tragopogan porrifolius. 7.
Tragopogan
pratense,
8.
Linn.
Tricholepsis glaberrima,
DC.
9.
Tricholepsis
montana, 10.
Cupressus sempervirens,
Linn..
J u n ipe r u s communis,
Linn.
Juniperus excelsa, Bieb.
Juniperus
macropoda,
Boiss, same as Juniperus
communis.
Juniperus recurva, Ham.
Pinus
deodara,. Roxb.
See:-Cedrus deodara.
Pinus echinata,
Pinus excelsa, Wall.
Pinus gerardiana, Wall.
Pinus heterophylla.
Pinus khasya, Royle.
*Pinus longifolia, Roxb.
Pinus Il\aritima, Lam &
Poiret.
Pinus merkussi, Jungh.
Pinus palustris.
Pinus pinea, See:-Pinus
sylvestris.
Pinus serotina.
Pinus sylvestris, See:Pinus pinea.
Pinus toeda.
Pinus webbiana, Wall.
See:-Abies webbiana.
Taxus baccata, Linn.
DaZz.
Tricholepsis pro c u mbens, Wight.

140. Tridax procumbens, Linn.
141. Tussilago farfara, Linn.
142.. Verbesina calendulacea,
See:-Eclipta alba; Wedelia calendulacea, Less.
143. *Vernonia anthelminitica,
Willd. or Ascaradia ....... indica or Conyza ascaradia; Serratula anthelmintica. See:-Centratherum anthelminticum,
O. Ktze.
144. *Vetnonia cinerea, Less.
See: -Conyza cinerea;
Co~za purpurea.
145. Volutarella divaricata,
C.B. Clarke & Benth.
See:-Corduus ramosus.
calendulacea,
146. :~Wedelia
Less.
147. Xanthium indicum, DC.
See:-Xanthium
strumarium.
148. Xanthium strumarium,
Linn. See:-Xanthium
indicum.
139.
11.
12~
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
46. CONNARACEAE.
1.
2.
45. CONIFERAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Abies excelsa, DC.

Abies. webbiana Lindl.
Callitris i n 0 p h y 11 u m,
Linn.
Callitris
quadrivalvis,
Vent.
5. *Cedrus deodara, Loudon.
See:-Pinus deodara.
6. Cidrus llbani, Barrel.
Connarus
monocarpus,
Linn.
Rourea santaloides, W. &
A.
47. CONVOLVULACEAE.
1.
A r g y rei a malabarica,
Chois.
2. *Argyreia speciosa, Sweet.
See:-Lettsomia nervosa,
Rrb.
3. Bat a t a s
paniculata
See:-Ipomoea digitata.
550
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
Convolvulus
argentens,
& Convolvulus nervosu;;,
or Convolvulus speciosa.
See:-Argyreia speciosa.
Convolvulus
arvensi~,
Linn.
Convolvulus paniculata,
See:-Ipomoea digitata.
Convolvulus scammonia.
Cressa cretica, Linn
Cuscuta chenensis, Lamk
1.'Cuscuta reflexa, Roxb.
Erycibe paniculata, Roxb.
'~Evolvulus
alsinoides,
Wall. & Linn.
E vol v u 1 us hirsutus,
See:-Evolvulus alsinoides, Wall &.Linn.
*Ipomoea acquatica, Forex.
See:-Ipomoea reptans.
"'Ipomoea batatas, Poir &
Lamk.
See:-Ipomoea
edulis.
';'Ipomoea biloba Forsk.
See:-Ipomoea ~ pescaprae Convolvulus pescaprae.
Ipomoea bona-nox Linn.
See:-Calonyction bonanox. Bajer.
I p 0 moe a brasiliensis,
See:-Ipomoea
biloba;
Convolvulus prescapre.
Ipomoea -caerulea.
Ipomoea
campanulata,
Linn.
Ipomoea cymosa, Roem.
I p 0 moe a dasysperma,
Jacq.
Ipomoea digitata, Linn.
See:-Ipomoea
paniculata.
Ipomoea dissecta, Wi lid.
See:-Ipomoea erio<;,arpa,
Br. Ipomoea fastigata,
J~
25:
26,
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
Sweet. Ipom-oea hederacea, Jacq.

Ipomoea edulis. See:Ipomoea batatas.
Ipomoea eriocarpa, R. Br.
See:-Ipomoea hispida.
Ipomoea fastigata.
Ipomoea hederacea, Jacq.
Ipomoea nil. or Pharbitis
nil. Convolvul<us nil.
Ipomoea muricata, Jacq.
See:-Ipomoea
purga.
Calonyction muricatum.
Ipomoea nil. See:-Ipomoea hederacea. Ipomoea
nil.
Convolvulus nil.
'Pharbitis nil.
paniculata.
I p 0 moe a
See:-Ipomoea digitata,
Linn.
IpoD1 oea pescaprae, SW.
See:-Ipomoea
biloba;
Ipomoea
brasibensis;
C()nvolvulus pescaprae.
I p 0 moe a pes-tigrides,
Linn.
Ipomoea quamoclit, Linn.
See:-Quamoclit vulgaris; Quamoclit pinnata.
I po moe a
reniformis,
Cihois. S,ee:-Merremia
emarginata.
Ipomoea sepiaria, Koen.
Ipomoea sinuata, art.
Ipomoea tridentate, Roth.
See:-Merremia tridentata.
"'\.
*Ipomoea turpenthum, R.
BT. See:-Operculina tUl'pethum, Silva.~
Ipom,oea uniflora, Roern.
Ipomoea
vitifolia, Sw.
See:-lVIerremia vitifolia.
Lettsomia
mysorensis,
Clarke. See:-Lettsomia
aggregata.
l
INDEX
551
2.
Brassica alba, or Brassica

campestris. See:-Sinapis alba.
Bassica botrytis.
*Brassica campesh-is, Linn.
See:-Variety: B. rapa.
Brassica napus; Crucifera
rapa; & Brassica colza.
Brassica caulocarpa.
*Brassica juncea, H.K.f. &
T. See:-Brassica cernua;
Brassica integrifolia; &
allied plants.
Brassica nigra, Linn &
Koch See:-Sinapis nigra'
Sinapis erysimoides.
'
-"Brassica oleracea, Linn.
Val' chinensis. or B.
sativa & B. botrytis or
B. florida.
*Brassica
rapa,
Linn.
See:-Brassica campestris; Crucifera-rapa; B.
See: -Brassica com,pestris; Crucifera-rapa, B.
Colza.
Bullata gemmifera.
Capselia bursa pastor is,
N edik & M oe:nch.
Cheiranthus cheiri, Linn.
Eruca sativa, Gars.
Far set i a aegyptiaca,
Lettsomia nervosa, Roxb.

See: -Argyreia speciosa.
nil,
thois.
44. Pharbitis
See:-Ipomoea hederacea. Ipomoea nil. Convolvulus nil.
vulgaris,
45. *Q u am 0 eli t
Chois1j.
See:-Ipomoea
quomoclit. Linn.
46. Rivea ornata, Chois.
43.
4.
5,
6.
48. CORNACEAE.
1.
Marlea tomentosa, EndL
49. CRASSULACEAE.
1. *Bryophyllum calycinum,
Salish- See:~Kalanchoe
lanciniata;
KalanchO
pinnata.
lanciniata,
2. Cotyledon
See:-KalanchO
lanciniata.
rhizaphylla,
3. Cotyledon
7.
8.
9,
See:~Bryophyllum caly~
cacinum.
4. *Kalanchoe laciniata. SC.
See:-Kalanchoe pinnata;
Bryophyllum calycinum,
Salisb.
5. Kalanchoe pinnata, PeTs.
See:-Bryophyllum calycinum & Bryophyllum
pinnatum. & 'Kalanchoe
laciniata.
6. *Kalanchoe spathulata or
spathulatum, DC.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
Turra Farset.
15.
16.
17.
50. CRCYHULARI~EAE.
.
18.
1.
2.
Euphrasia 0 d onhtes, Linn. 19.

Euphrasip.
officinalis,
Linn.
20.
51. CRUCIFERAE.
1.
Anastatica
Linn-
hierochuntia,
21.
22.
Farsetia
hamiltonii,
R01Jle.
Farsetia jacquemontii,
Hk. t & T.
Lepidium draba, Linn.
Lepidium iberis, Linn.
Lepidium
latifolium,
Linn.
"'Lepidium sativum, Linn.
Matthiola incana, R. Br*Nasturtium officinale, R.
Br.
See:-Nasturtium
font anum, Aschers.
552
THE INDIAN IlIA TERIA MEDiCA
23. Raphanus caudatus, Alef.

24. "'Raphanus sativus, Lin1l.
25. Sinapis alba. See:-Bras-
1. *Benincasa cerifera, Savio

See:-Benincasa hispida.
2. Blastania garcini, Cogn.
See:-Ctenolepis garcini.
3. Bryonia callosa, Rottl.
4. Bryonia epigoea, Wight
& Rottla See:-Corallocarpus epigeous.
5. *Bryonia laciniosa, Linn.
See:-Bryonopsis lacinlosa, Linn.
6. Bryonia pilosa, Roxb.
7. Bryonia rostrata, Rattle.
8. Bryonia seabra,
9. Bryonia scabrilla, See:Mukia scabrilla Arn. Melothria
maderaspatana,
Linn..
10. *Cephalandra
in d i c a,
Naud. See:-Coccinia indica.
colocynthis,
11. Citrullus
Schwd.
12 *Citrullus vulgaris, Schwd.
.
Var. Citrullus fistulosus.
See:-Cucurbita citrulIus.
13. *Coccinia indica, W. & A.
See:-Momordica monadelpha, Roxb. Cephalandria indica.
14. Corallocarpus epigaea or
epieous, RattI. & Willd.
Sisymbrium irio or IrIS,.
See:-Bryonia epigaea.
Linn. See:-Sisymbrium
15.
Cucumis''j acutangulus,
zinno Sisymbrium sophor.
See:-Luffa acutangula.
Sisymbrium nasturtium. 16. Cucumis agrestis,' Nand.
Sisymbrium sophia, Linn. 17. Cucumis anguinus.
See:-Sisymbrium illio or 18. Cucumis colocynthis.
IrIS.
Sisymbrium zinno 19. *CUCUmlS melo, Linn. Var.
Descurainia sophia.
Momordica Duthie. Utilissimus duthie
Sisymbrium zinno See:Sisymbrium iris, or irio 20. Cue u m i s momordica,
Roxb. or Linn.
Sisymbrium soph~.~":-- .
sica alba.
26. Sinapis cuneifolia, See:'Sinapis juncea; Sinapis
nigra; Sinapis ramosa; &
Sinapis rugosa.
27. Sinapis dichotoma, Roxb.
See:-Sinapis
glauca;
Brassica napus.
28. Sinapis glauca, See:Sinapis dichotoma; Brassica napus.
29. Sinapis juncea. See:Brassica juncea. Sinapis
nigra; Sinapis ramosa;
Sinapis
cuneifolia;
&
Sinapis rugosa.
30. Sinapis
nigra,
Linn.
See:-Sinapis
juncea;
Sinapis ramosa; Sinapis
cuneifolia; Sinapis rugosa. Brassica integrifolia
& allied plants.
31. Sinapis ramosa, See:*Sinapis juncea; Sinapis
nigra; Sinapis cuneifolia;
Sinapis rugosa.
32. Sinapis rugosa, Roxb.
See:-Sinapis nigra; Sinapis
juncea;
Sinapis
ramosa; Sinapis cuneifolia. Brassica cernua.
I
33.
34.
35.
36.
52. CUCURBITACEAE.
INDEX
21.
22.
23
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Cucumis pseudo-coloeynRoyle:
See:-C.
this,
trigonus.
Cue u m is
pubeseens,
'Roxb. See:-Cueumis trigonus.
*Cucumis sativus, Linn.
Cucumis trigonus, Roxb.
See:-C. pseudo-colocynthis.
C u <.\u;mi s uti{l.isimus,
Roxb. & Lhm. or C. melo.
Cucurbita alba
Cueurbita eereera, &
C. pepo. See:-Beninkasa
eerefera.
Cueurbita eitrullus, Linn.
See:-Citrullus vulgaris.
Cucurbita
lagenaria,
Lhl,n.
See:-Lagenaria
vulgaris.
*Cueurbita maxima,
Duchesne.
mosehata,
*Cueurbita
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
Duc1~S1te.
32. *Cueurbita pepo, IJ1inn &

DC. See:-Pepo vu garis;
Lagenaria vulgaris.
leueantha,
33. Lagenaria
Rus by. See:-Lagen1aria
vu1garis; Cueurb ita agenaria; Cueurbita pepo.
34. *Lagenaria vulgaris, bSeringe.
See:-Cucur ita
lagenaria. Cue u r bit a
pepo.
35. *Luffa acutangula, Roxb.
Var:-L. amara, Clarke.
See:-Cucumis . acutangulus.
36. *Luffa aegyptiaca, Mil~
See:-Luffa
pentandra;
Luffa cylindrica; Luffa
patola Luffa riscada.
37. Luffa amara, Roxb. same
as Luffa
acutangula.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
553
See:-Luffa plucketisna
or pueketiana. or Luffa
foetida.
Luffa bindal. See: -Luffa
eehinata.
Luffa cylindrica, See:Luffa aegyptiaca; Luffa
Luffa riseada;
patola;
Luea pentandra.
Luffa echinata, Roxb.
See:-Luffa bindaal.
Luffa oetida, See:-Luffa
amara. Luffa pluketiana;
Luffa aeutangula.
Luffa graveolens, Roxb.
Luffa patola, See-Luffa
aegyptiaea. Luffa eylindriea; Luffa pentandra.
Luffa riscada.
Luffa pentandra, Roxb.
See:-Luffa aegyptiaca;
Luffa cylindrica; Luffa
patola; Luffa riscada.
Luffa pluketiana, See:Luffa amara; Luffa foeti-
da.
Luffa riseada.
See:Luffa aegyptiaea. Luffa
eylindrica. Luffa paiola.
Luffa pentandra.
Luffa tuberosa, RGxb.
See:-Momordica tuberosa
Melothria maderaspatana,
Linn.' See:-Mukia seabreHa, Arn. Bryonia seabrilla.
balsamina,
Momordica
Linn. See:-Momordica
charantia.
*Momordica
charantia.
. Linn. Momordica muricata; Momordica balsamina.
Momordica cochinchinensis, Spreng.
554
52.
53.
54.
55.
56,
57.
58.
.59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
'65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
11.
THE INDIAN MATERIA l'ttEDICA

Momordi~
cymbalaria,
F-enzL See:-Luffa tuberosa; Momordica tubclrosa.
Momordica dioica, RoxQ.
Momordica mixta.
Momordica m'onodelpha:,
monadelpha?'
R 0 x b.
See:""-coccinia
indica;
Cephalandra indica.
Momordica
muricata,
See:-Momordica charantia, Linn.
Momordica
umbellata,
Roxb.
See: - Zehneria
umbellata.
Mukia scabrella, ATn.
See:-Melothria maderaspatana, Linn. Or Bryonia
scabrilla.
Muricia
cochin.-chinensis.
Rhynchocarpa
foetida,
C. B. Clarke & Schrad?
See:-Kedrostis rostrata.
*Trichosanthes
anguina,
Linn.
Trichosanthes
cordata,
Roxb.
Trichosanthes
cucumerina, Linn.
Trichosanthes cuspida.
Trichosanthes
dioica,
Roxb.
See:-Trichosanthes nervifolia.
Trichosanthes incisa.
Trichosanthes laciniosa.
Trichosanthes nervifclia,
Linn. Use same as T.
dioica, Roxb.
Trichosanthes, palmata,
Roxb.
Zanonia indica, Linn.
,Zehneria
hookeriana,
Am. See:-Melothriq perpusilla.,
72.
Zehneria umbellata, Thw.

See:-Momordica umbellata, Roxb. Melothria
heterophylla, Cogn.
53. CUPULIFERAE
1.
2.
ry
'-'.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Betula alba, Linn.

Betula alnoides, Ha:l'n.
Betula bhojapatra, ltfall.
& Don. Same as B. utilis,
Don. D.
Betula utilis, D. Don.
Corylus avellana, Linn.
Corylus colurna, Linn.
Quercus incana, Roxb.
Quercus in.fectoria, -Oliv.
See:-Quercus til'lctoria,
Olivo
Quercus lamellosa, Srrtith.
Quercus
pachyphylla,
Kurz.
Quercus tinctoria, Olivo
See:-Quercus infectoria,
Olivo
54. CYCADACEAE.
1. *Cycas circinalis, Roxb &
Linn. Cycas inermes; C.
rumphii.
2. Cycas inermes, See:-,~
Cycas circinalis.
3. *Cycas revoluta, Thttmt,.
& Willa.
4, ~'Cycas
rumphii,
Miq.
See:-Cycas circinalis.
55. CYPERACEAE.
1.
2.
d.
"
4.
Cyperus bulbosus.
CypeJ:us canesceus.
Cyperus distachyos.
inundatus,
C y p e.r u s
Roxb.
5. . Cyperus i1'ia, Linn.
~.
C y per u s
juncifolius,
Klein.
555
INDEX
'7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
Cyperus pertenuis, Se:Cyperus scariosus; Cyperus hexastachyus.

*Cyperus rotundus, Linn.
Cyperus scariosus, B,.
Cyperus tegetum, See:Cyperus esculentus.
Fimbristylis junciformis,
Kunth.
*Fimbristylis miliacea, L.
& Vahl.
Kyllinga
monocephala,
Rotth. & Roxh. Sec:Kyllinga triceps, Rotto.
Kyllinga triceps, Rottb.
Used same as Ky llinga
mpnocephala, Roxb.
Scirpus arti culatus, Linn.
Scirpus grossus, Linn.
Use same as Scirpus
kysoor, Roxb.
*Scirpus kysoor, Roxb.
See:-Scirpus
grossus,
Linn.
Scirpus tuberosus.
56. DATISCACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
Dillenia
indica, Linn.
See:-Dillenia speciosa.
Thunb.
Dillenia pentagyna.
Dillenia speciosa, Thumb.
See.:-Dil1enia indica.
58. DIOSCORIACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
59. DIPSACEAE.
1.
Dinerba arabica, Jacq.

Dioscorea aculeata, Linn.
Dioscorea alata, Linn.
See:-Dioscorea globosa;
Dioscorea rubella.
Dioscorea bulbifera, Linn.
Dioscorea globosa, Roxh.
Morina persica, Lin11.
so. DIPTERACEAE
or
DIPTEROCARPACEAE
or DIPTEROCARPEAE
Datisca cannabina, Linn.
57. DILLENIACEAE.
1.
6.
See:-Dioscorea
a1ata;
D i 0 s cor e a
hirsuta;
Dennst. Dioscorea oppositHolia; Linn.
Dioscorea hirsuta,
Dennst.
Dioscorea
oppositifolia,
Linn.
Dioscorea
pentaphylla,
Linn.
See:-Dioscorea
purpurea, Roxb. Dioscorea sativa, Linn.
Dioscorea
purpu!"ea,
Roxb.
Dioscorea rubella, Linn.
See:-Dioscorea alata.
Dioscorea sativa, Linn.
See:-Dioscorea
bulbifera.
Dioscorea triphylla,
Amoen & Linn.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Dipterocarpus a 1 a t u 5,
Roxb. See:-Diptel'ocarpus incanus; Dipterocarpus g<o>nopterus.
Dipterocarpus camphora,
See:-Camphora officinarum; Dryobalanops camphor or camphora.
Dipterocarpus
incanus,
Roxb. See: -Dipterocarpus alatus, Dipterocarpus
turbinatus; Dipterocarpus
laevis.
Dipterocarpus
indicus,
Bedd.
Dipterocarpus 1 a e vis,
Ham. See:-Diptel'ocar-
556
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
pus turbinatus; Diptero- 3.

carpus alatus; DipterocaIipus incanus.
. 62.
Dipterocarpus tuoorcU'.
latus, Roxb. See:-Dipte~ 1.
rocarpus
grandifolius'
Dipterocarpus cordatus. !
'>:IDipterocarpus ''turbina,tus, Gaertn. See:-Dip- 2.
terocarpus incanus; Roxb.
Dipterocarpus I a e vis;
3.
Ham. Dipterocarpus alatus, Roxb.. Dipterocarpus
jourdainii.
DryobahplOps aromatica, 4.
Gaertn.
Dryobalanops
camphora. (or dipterocarpaceae?)
Dryobalanops
camphor
or
camphora,
Coleb.
,See:-Dryobalanops aro- 5.
matica or CamiPhora officinarum;
Dipterocarpus
6.
camphora.
7.
Hopea
odorata, Roxb.
See:-Hopea decandra.
Hopea racemosa. See:8.
Styrax benzoin.
9.
Shorea lard.
Shorea robusta, Gaerin.
S h 0 rea
tumbuggaia, 10.
Roxb. W. & A. See:Vatica tumbuggaia.
Vateria indica,
Lhm. 11.
See:-Vateria malabarica.
& Chloroxylon dupada. .
Vateria malabarica. See:Vateria
indica,
Linn. 63.
Chloroxylon dupada.
1.
61. DROSERACEAE.
1.
2.
Drosera lunata. See:-:Drosera peltata.

Drosera peltata,
Sm.
See:-Drosera
IUl1ata;
Drosera rotundifolia. .. .
,
Drosera rotundifolia.
EBENACEAE.
Diospyros
candolleana,
Wight.' See:-Diospyros
canarica;
D. ebenum,
Koenig.
D i 0 spy r 0 s cordifolia.
See:-Diospyros embryopteris, Pers.
Diospyros ebenum, Koening.
See: - Diospyros
asimilis.
Pers.
See:-Diospyros
peregrina; Diospyros glutinosa; Diospyros cordifolia; Diospyros urginiana.
Diospyros glutinosa. See:Diospyros embryopteris,
Pers.
Diospyros malabarica.
Diospyros melanoxylon,
Roxb.
See:-Diospyros
tomentosa.
DiospYros montana, Roxb.
D i 0 spy r 0 S paniculata,
Dalz.
D i 0 spy r 0 s tomentosa,
Roxb.
See,-Diospyros
melanoxylon.
Diospyros
urgImana.
See:-Diospyros embryopteris, Pers.
ELAEAGNACEAE.
Elaeagnus hortensis, M.
bieZ. See:-Elaeagnus angustifolia. "
.
2. *Elaeagnus latHolia, Linn.
3. Elaeagrius
umbellata,
4.
Th1mb.
Hippophae
Linn. ,
rhamnoides,
5.
INDEX
557
2.
Erythroxylon
lucidum.
JVloon.
Erythroxylon
monogynum, Roxb. See:-Erythroxylon indicum; Sethi a
indica.
Erythroxylon
retu~;um,
Bauer.
Hippophae salicifolia, D.
Don.
64. EQUISETACEAE.
3.
1. *Eqisetum debile, Roxb.
65. ERICACEAE.
4.
1.
"
Arctostaphylos Uva Ursi,

Spreng.
2. Gaultheria fragrantissima,
Wall. Gaultheria procumbens; Gaultheria leschnaultii; or Andromeda
leschnaultii.
3. Gaultheria procumbens.
See:-Gaultheria'
fragGaultheria
rantissima;
leschnaultii; Andromeda
leschnaultii.
4. RhododiendroIlj
anthopogon, D. Don. See:Rhododendron lepidotum,
Wall.
5. Rhododendron arboreum,
Sm.
6. Rhododendron barbatum,
Wall.
7. Rhododendron campanulatum, D. Don.
& Rhododendron cinnabarinum, Hook.
9. Rhododendron falconeri,
Hook.
10. Rhododendron lepidoium,
Wall.
See:-Rhododendron anthopogon, D. Don.
Rhododendron setosum,
lOa. Rhododendron ponticum,
Linn.
11. Rhodod~ndron setosum,
D. Don. See:-Rhododendron anthopogon, D. Don.
67. EUPHOBBIACEAE.
1.
A cal y p h a
fruticosa,
FOTsk.
2. Acalypha hispida, Burm.
3. *Acalypha indica, Linn.
or Acalypha spicata, or
Acalypha
canescana.
Acalypha ciliata. Acalypha paniculata.
4. Adelia neriifolia, Roth.
See:-Homonoia riparia,
Lour.
5. Al e uri if; e s moluccana,
Wind. or A. triloba.
6. And l' a c h n e cordifolia,
Mull.
7. Aporosa lindleyana, BaUl.
See:-Scepe lindleyana.
8. Averrhoea acida.
9. Ba]iospermum
axillare,
Blume. See:-Baliospermum montanum; Jatropha montanum or J. montana?
10. Baliospermum
montanum, Muell. See:-Baliospermum axillare; Baliospermum polyandrumj J atropha montana.
11. Bridelia montana, WiUd.
12. *Bridelia retusa, Spreng.
13. B u x u s
sempervirenS,
Linn.
Catarus speciflorus, Linn.
66. ERYTHROXYLACEAE. 1134a.. Chrozophora
plicata, A.
1. Erythroxylon, coca" Linn.
J uss. Variety Chrozoor Ham.
phora gonuina, Muell.
558
14a.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
THE INDIAN MATERIA MED!CA
See:-Chrozophora pros- 33. :~E u p h 0 r b i a neriifolia,

Linn.
See:-Euphorbia
trata.
ligularia; Euphorbia nivuChrozophora
rottleri.
lia.
See:-Chrozophora tincr
34. Euphorbia nivulia, Ham.
toria.
similar
to Euphorbia
Chrozophora tinctoria, A.
Juss & Hook. See:-neriifolia.
Chrozophora rottleri.
35. Euphorbia
parviflora.
Cleistanthus
eollinus,
See:-Euphorbia piluliBenth. See:-Claytia colfera.
lina.
36. :~Euphorbia
pilulifera,
Croton aromaticus, Linn.
Linn.
See:-Euphorbia
Croton caudatus, Geisel.
hirta; Euphorbia parviCroton joufra, Roxb.
flora; Euphorbia resin iSee:-Croton malabarifera, Berg.
eus, Bedd.
37
resiniiera,
Euphorbia
C rot 0 n
malabmoicus,
. Berg.
Bedd.
royleana,
38. Euphorbia
oblongifolius,
*Croton
Boiss.
See:-Euphorhia
Roxb.
pentagona.
Croton polyandrum or 39. Euphorbia thomsoniana,
Polyandrus? Roxb. Same
Boiss.
as C. tiglium. See:-Jat- 40. EU'phorbiia \ thymirolia,
Linn & Burnt .
ropha montana.
41. ;. Euphorbia tirucalli, }:'inn_
*Croton reticulatus,
42. Excoecaria acerifolia, F.
Heyne.
didrichs.
Croton tiglium, Linn.
43. '~Excoecaria
agallocha,
'~E m b lie a
officinalis,
Lin,n.
or
Excoecariu
Gctertn.
See:-Phyllancamettia, or Arbor exethus emblica.
cans.
camettia,
*Euphorbia
antiquorum, 46. Excoecaria'
See:-Exco:ecaria agalloLinn.
chao
Euphorbia
dracunculeucopyrus,
47. '~Flueggea
Ioides, Lam.
Willa & Wight. See:Euphorbia
helioscopia,
Seeurinega ,..leucopyrus.
Lin1t.
*
Flu:eggea . microcarpa,
48.
*Euphorbia hirta, L11111.
BLU1ne. Sel:-Flueggea
See:-Euphorbia piluiivirosa.
fera.
Euphorbia hypericiqJia, "(!9~ *Glochidion z"ey lal1icum,
A. J'ttSS.
Linn..
50..
Homonoia
riparia, J.. our.
Euphorbia- lathyris, Lilin.
See:-Adelia neriifolia.
E u p h 0 r b i a lingularia,
Roxb. &e:-:-Euphorbia 51. Hura crepitans, Linn.
52: '~Jatropha curcas, Linn.
neriifolia.
.,. ,
INDEX
53. *Jatropha
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
'1
67.
68.
glandulifera,
Roxb.
*Jatropha
gossypiIolia,
Jatropha manihot, Linn.
Linn.
See:-Manihot utilissima,
Pohl.
Jatropha montana, See:Baliospermum montanum
or & BaIiospermum axillare.
*Jatropha muItifida, Linn
J a1tropha nana, Dalz &
Gibs.
IV[acaranga peltata. See:-Macaranga
roxburghii,
Wight.
Macaranga
roxbul'ghii,
Wight. See:-Macaranga
peitata.
*Mallotus philippinensis,
MueU Arg. or Croton
philippinensis or Croton
punctatus, or Croton coccine us, or Croton coccineum. See:-Glandulae
roWerae.
*Manihot utilissima, Pohl.
See:-Jatropha manihoi,
Linn.
P h y 11 ant h u s acidus,
Skeels.
*Phyllanthus
distidms.
MueU. See:-Phyllanthus
longifolius.
Cicca distichao
~'Phyllanthus
em b 1 j c a,
Linn. See:-Emblica offi-
559
69. *Phyllanthus niruri, Li1l.1t.

See:-Phyllanthus urinaria.
_.
oblongifo70. Phyllanthus
lius.
71. Phyllallthus peduncula-tus.
72. Phyllanthus restusus.
73. Phyllanthus reticulatus,
Poi?'.
See:-Anisonema
multiflora, Wight.
74. Phyllanthus rhamnoides,
Roxb.
See:-Sauropus
quadrangularis.
75. Phyllanthus
simplex,
Retz.
76. ,Phyllanthus subaumifolius.
77. Phyllanthus
urinaria,
Linn. See:-Phyllanthus
Ieprocarpus.
Phyllanthus niruri.
78. '~Putranjiva
roxbul'ghii,
WaU. See:-Nigeid putranjiva.
79. *Ricinus communis, Linn.
80. Ricinus dicoccus. See:Ricinus communis, Li'nn.
80a. Rottlera aurantiaca, etc.,
etc.
81. Sapium indicum. Willd.
See:-Excoecaria indica.
82. *Sapium insigne, Trhn &
Benth. See:-Falconeria
mala barica.
83. Sapium sebiferum, Roxb.
84. SaUl"OpUS quadrangularis,
Muel1. See:-Phyllanthus
cinalis~
rhamnoides, Roxb.
Phyl1anthus longifoIius,
chamaelea,
See:-Phyllanthus disti- 85. Seb~stiania
MueU.
chus.
leucopyrus,
maderas- 86. Securinega
*Phyllanthus
Mttell. & DC. See:patensis, Linn.
Plueggea
leucopyrus,
*Phyllanthus multiflorus,
lI'Iuell. & DC, Wight.
Willd.
560
Obcordata;
Trianthema
Tragia cannabina. See:pentandra, Linn. TrianTragia involucrata, Linn.
thema
portulacastrum,
88. *Tragia involucrata, Li1lP~.
Linn.
See:-Tragia cannabina.
obcordata,
89. Trewia
tnacrophylla. 10. Trianthema
See:-Tnanthema penSee:-T. nudiflora; Rott
tandra, Linn. Trianthema
lera
indica;
Rottlera
monogyna, Linn.
hooper'iana.
pentandra,
9&. '~Trewia nudiflora, Linn. 11. *Trianthema
Linn. See:-Trianthema
See:-T r e wi a macrophylla. Rottlera indica.
obcordata.
Rottlera hooperiana.
12. Trianthema portulacastrum, Linn. See:-Trianthema monogyna, Linn
68. FAGACEAE.
87.
1.
69.
Castanea sattiva, Mill.

See:-Castanea vulgaris,
Lam.
FICOIDACEAE, or
FICOIDAE
(AIZOACEAE).
70. FLACOURTIACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
1. *Giesekia
pharnacoides, 4.
Linn.
5.
2. Glinus lotoides.
3. Mollugo cerviana, Seringe, See:.::....M 0 11 u g 0
6.
stricta; Linn. Mollugo triphylla.
4. Mollugo hirta, Thumb.
See:-Pharnaceum pentagonum, Roxb.
. 5. M 0 11 u go pentaphylla,
7.
Linn. See:-M 0 11 u g 0
stricta.
8.
6. Mollugo spergula, Linn.
See:-Mollugo oppositi- 9.
folia, Linn.
7. Mollugo stricta, ' Linn. 10.
See:-Mollugo
pentaphylla.
8. Trian<thema
decandra, 11.
Linn.
9. *Trianthema
monogyna,
Linn. See:-Trianthema
Flacourtia
catapbracta,
Roxb.
F 1 a c 0 u r t i a obcordata.
See:-Flacourtia sepiaria.
FlacoUltia ramontchi, L.
Rent.
See:-Flacourtia
.sapida.
Flacourtia sapida, Roxb.
Flacourtia sepiaria, Roxb.
See:-Flacourtia 'obcordata.
Gynocardia odorata, R.
Br. or Gynocardia hydnocarpus and TaraktOgenos
kurzii, Chaulmoogra odorata, Chilmqria do'decandra.
. .
Hydnocarpus
alp ina,
Wight.
Hydnocarpus anthelmintica, Pierre.
Hydnocarpus
castanea,
Rk. f. & T.
Hynocarpu~ heterophylIus, KUTZ. SeEf:__"..Taraktogenos Kurzii.
Hydn9carpus inebrians,
Wa!! or Vahl. See:Hydnocarpus wigbtiana,
Blume.
I'
....... '
INDEX'
12: 'Hydnocarpus K u r z i i,
Warbg.
See:-:-Taraktogenos kurzii.
13. Hydnocarpus
octandra,
Thiv.
14., ' Hydnocarpus
odorata,
Lind.
15. Hydnocarpus venenata,
Gaertn. See:-Hydnocarpus inebrians.
16. Hydnocarpus wightiana,
13ltqne. ,See:-Hyqnocarpus inebrians.
1'7.. ' Taraktogenos
k u r z 1 i,
King. See:-Gynocardia
odorata; Gynocardia hydnocarpus;
Hydnocarpus
heterophyllus Hydnocar. pus kurzii.
71: FLORIDEAE.
1.
J?orphyra vulgaris, Linn.
72. FRANKENIACEAE. ...

1. Frankmia '. pulverulent a,
Linn.
73. FUMERIACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
govaniana,
Corydalis
Wall.
Fumaria officinalis, Linn.
See:-Fumaria
parviflora.
Fum a ria
parviflora,
Lamk. Sub sp. Vaillantii,
Hook. & 'Var:-Persica,
Pugsley. Same as F. officinalis, See:-F. indica.
Fumaria vaillantii, See:F. Indica, Ha1.Lssk.
14. FUNGI.
1. AgariG!ls albus..
36'
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
$1
Agaricus (Psalliota) campestris, Linn.

Agaricus igniarius.
*Agaricus (Pleurotus) or
Agaricus ostreatus, Jacq.
Agaricus palmalus.
Boletus crocatus, Batsclr.
See:-Agaricus ostr~atus.
*Polyporus
officinalis,
Fries.
7.
8.
Torula cerevisae, See:Torula saccharomyces.

Torula
saccharomyc~s,
See:-Torula cerevisae.
75. GENTIANACEAE.
1.
Can s cor a
decussata,
Roem. et. Schult. See:Pladera decussata.
2. Canscora diffusa, 'R. Br.
See:-Canscora lawii.
3. Enicostemali t:t 0 r a I e,
Blume.
See:-Adenema
hyssopifolium.
,
4. Erythraea roxburgnii, G.
Don.
5. Exacum bicolor, Roxb.
6. Exacum lawii, Clarke.
7. Ex?cum pedunculatum,
Linn.
8. E x a cum tetragonum,
Roxb.
9. Gentiana chirata, Roxb.
See:-Gentiana kurroo:
10. Gentiaria dahurica, Fisch.
See:-Gentiana olivieri.
11. Gentiana
decumbens,
Linn.
12! Gentiana kurroo, Royle.
Gentiana chirata, Royle.
13, Gentiana olivieri, Griseb.
See:~Gentiana dahurica.
1( Gentiana tenellil, ,Fries. '
15. Limnanthemum
cristatum, .Griseb.
562
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
Limnanthemum
nym- 27. Swertia cor y m b 0 s a,
Wight.
phaeoides, Link. See:Menyan the s nymphaeoi1 28. . Swertia
decussalta.
Nimmo.
See:-Ophelia
des, Linn.
trifoliatal
alba.
Menyanthes
29. Swertia paniculata, Wall.
Linn.
a p h eli a angustifolia; 30. Swertia parensis, Linn.
Don. See:-Swertia an:'
or Swertia perennis, Linn.
gustifolia; Swertia chi- 31. Swertia
purpurascens,.
retta; Gentiana kUIToa.
Wall.
Ophelia
chiretta,
or
chirata DC. See:-Swer- 76. GERANIACEAE.
tia chiretta or chirata.
Gentiana kurroa or kur- 1. G era n i u m nenalense,.
Sweet. See:-Geranium
roo.
affine; G. ocellalum; G ..
Ophelia eligans or elegans
l'U bertianum.
or eligam? Wight. See:ocellatum~
OpheHa chiretta; Ophelia 2. Geranium
Camb.
Var:-Geranium
angustifolia; Ophelia mulhimalaicum, R. Kunth.
tiflora; See:-Swertia an3. Geranium robertianum,.
gustifolia.
Linn.
Ophelia multiflora, DaZz.
4. Geranium wallichianum,
See:-Swertia decussata;
Swertia chiretta; & GenSweet.
tiana kurroa.
Pladera decussata, See:- 77. GNETAcEAE.
Can s cor a
decussata,
1. Ephedra alata, See:Schutt;
Ephedra peduncularis.
Swertia affinis, C. B.
Ephedra
alte.
See:2.
Clarke.
See:-Swertia
Ephedra peduncularis.
angustifolia, Ham.
3. Ephedra distachya, Linn ..
Swertia
alata,
Royle.
See:-Ephedra vulgaris.
See:-Ophelia
a 1 a t a.
4. Ephedra
gerardiana,.
G-riseb.
Wall. See:-Ephedra vulSwertia
angustifolia,
garis. Var:-saxatilis, sikHam. See:-Swertia affikimensis & wallichii.
nis; Swertia pulchella.
5. Ephedra. ..".' intermedia.
Var:-Pulchella, Burkill;
Schrenk & May. See:See:-S. affinis, Opelia
Ephedra vuJgaris; Ephe,:,
elegans.
dra pachyclada, _ Boiss.
Swertia chirata, Ham.
Var:-Glauca & Tibetica.
See:-Ophelia
chirata,
6. Ephedr~
monostachya.
DC.
Swertia
affinis; ,
. See:-Ephedra vulgaris,.
Swertia paniculata; SwerE. intermedia.
tia purpurascens; S~ver7. Ephedra
pachyclada.
tia angustifolia.
.,.
Boiss. See:-Epbedra in-
,
S.
9.
10.
INDEX
563
termedia; Ephedra buI- 8.

garis.
Ephedra
peduncularis, 9.
Boiss.
Ephedra tibetica. See:Ephedra vulgaris.
Ephedra vulgaris, Rich. 10.
& Hook. See:-Ephedra
gerardiana,
E. pachy- 11.
dada.
Andropogon Iawsoni, Hk.
78. GOODEMACEAE or
GOODENIACEAE.
1. *Scaevola or Scaveola koenigii, VahZ. See:-Scaevola frutescens.
12.
79.
1.
GRAMINACEAE
Apluda varia Hack. See:- 13.
Apluda aristdia,' Linn.
so. GRAMINEAE,
or
GRAMINACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Agropyron
repens,
Beauv.
See:-Triticum
tepens, Linn.
Andropogon
annulatus,
Forsk.
*Andropogon citratus or
DC. citratum? or Andropogon shoenanthus. See:Cymbopogon citratus.
Andropogon
contortus,
Linn. See:-Heteropogon.
Andropogon halepensis,
Brot.*
Andropogon warancusa,
Jones & Roxh. or Andropogon
laniger. See:'Cymbopogon warancusha,
or jaWran,cusha?
Andropogon laniger, Desf.
See:-Cymbopogon shoenanthus.
14.
15.
16._
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
f.
Andropogon martini or
Andropogon calamus; Andropogon aromaticus, or
Andropogon pochmodes.
Andropogon monticola,
Schult.
Andropogon lY',:.lricatus,
Retz
or
Andropogon
squarsus. See:-Phalaris
zizanoides or Agrostis
verticulata or Anatherum
muricatum;
Vertiveria
odorata; Vertiveria zizanioides.
And r 0 p 0 g 0 n nardus,
Linn.
See:-Cymbopogon narclusl
Andropogon
odoratus,
Lisboa. See:-Amphilophis odorata.
Andropogon
pertusus,
Willd.
And r 0 p ogon pumi]us,
Roxb.
Andropogon
purpureosericeus, Hockst.
Andropogon schoenanthus,
Linn. See:-AndropogO)'~
citratis;
Cymbopogon
shoenanthus.
Arundo brunbos, Linn.
'See:-Bambusa arundinaceae.
Avena fatua, Linn.
*Avena sativa, Linn, 01'
Avena orientalis? Variety
orientalis hook.
*Brunbu sa arundinacea,
Retz. & Willd. See:~
Brunbusa apous & Bambusa orientalis & Bambusa spinosa.
Cat a b r 0 s a aquatica,
Beauv.
564
Cenchrus biJloris, Roxb.

Chloris barbata, Sw.
25., Coix lachryma, J obi,
, . Linn.
26~
Cymbopogon
caesius,
. ", Staph.
I
27,. ':'Cymbopogon :: 'citratus,
Stap. & Cymbopogon
flexuosus, or Cymbopo.. gon shoenanthus. See:Andropogon citratus.
28. Cymbopogon flexuosus,
Stapf. See:-Cymbopogon
citratus; Andropogon citratus; Cymbopogon shoenanthus.
~9.., Cymbopogon
schoen an" thus, Spreng. See:-Andropogon shoenanthus; A.
': laniger.
30.. *Cynodon dactylon, Pers.
31. Cynodon lipearis.
32. *Dendrocalamus strictus,
Nees.
33.. *Eleusine ae.gyptiaca, Desf.
S e e:- Dactyloctenium
aegyptium. ,
*See:-Sorghum
hiilepense.
34.; c*E~~ u sin'e
coracana,
,'. ,.... Gaertn. Eleusine aegyptiaca, & Eleusine indica.
g~'.'
Eleusine indica. Gaertn.
"'.' See:-Eleusine coracana.
.3Q. Eragrostis abyssinica.
37. ,Eragrostis cynesuroides,
" " Hea'u:v. See:~Desh1ostachya. )bipinnata. Poa-
23.
24.
r ' cynosu!oide~,
39.
40.
41.
42 .
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
R/Ztz.
'37 a, " Grandiflorus,. plenissimus.

38.. Hordeum vulgare, syno:- 56.
.. ,. fHordeum sativum, Linn.
Hordeum decorticatum;
.. ; Ho,rde~m .distichoJl.; Hor- ,57.
deum hexpsticho.n .::.. .
Iseilema anthephoroides,
Hack.
Iseilema wightii, Anders,
Lamarkia aurea, Moench.
Lolium
temulentum,
Linn.
Manisuris granulariS, Sm.
& Linn.
Melica ciliata, Duf/lrie.
Mol i Th i a
coerulea,
Moench.
'*.Oryza sativa, Liil:n..
.
Paqicum antidotale, :Retz.
Pallicum cruscorui, Linn.
See:-Echinochloa crusgalli, P. Beauv.
Panicum crusgal1i, Linn.
See:-Panicum frumentaceumj.' Pani~um italicum; See:-Echinochloa
crusgalli, P. Beauv.
Panicum dactylum, or
Panicum dactylon, Limt.
See:-..,-Cynodon dactylon,
Persoon ..
Panicum frumenta,ceum,
Roxb.
See:-Panicum
crusgalll, Linn. Panicum
italicum;
Echinochloa
colona; Echinochioa fru.mentacea;
Echin9chloa
c;rusgalli.
Panicum isachne, Roth.
*Panicum italicum, Linn.
See:-Panicum frumentaceum"
Roxo. See:_:_
SetaJia italica, Beauv . .
*Panicum 1~lVanicUln, Poir.
Panicum
jumen~orom.
See:-Panicum
maximum, Ja:cq. - ,
Panicum maximurit: Jacq.
See;-,-Panicum
jumentorom.
'
milia.ceum,
PaniCurr.,
Linn.
1
J
r
I
INDEX
58~' ;Panicum miliare, Lam.k.

59. Panicum pilosum.
60. Panicum ramosum.
61. Panicum tumentorum.
62. Paspalum ciliare. See:'Paspalum
sanguinale,
Lamk.
63. ,Paspalum
sanguinale,
Lamk.
See:-Paspalum
ciliare.
64. Paspalum scorbiculatum,
. Linn.
65. Pennisetum cenchroides
Rich.
66. Pennise'tum
glau~um.
See:-Pennisetum typhoi.deum.
67. Penl1isetum purpureum,
or purpurem?
68. ~Pennisetum typhoides or
typhojdeum, Rich. See:.-Pennisetum
spicatum.
. Pennisetum glaucum, R.
Br.
69. Phalaris c.a n a r i ens i s,
Linn.
'lQ.;~:-;h'arat1s'~
:Zfzanoldes,
76.
77..
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
fOl~
Agrostis verticulata, or
Anatherum' muricatum.
See:-Andropogon muricatus.
.
71. *Poa-cynosuroides,
Retz .
Se~:,..",...,Eragrostis cynosu... A~. roides'j BeatLY. . i.
c
72,. Saccharum.
arundina t~eum, R,etz. 'See:-Saccharum sara. Saccharum
ciliare.
73. Saccpal'um :'Giliare, A"7:ders.
'See:-:'_Sacchqrurn
.munja.
74. Saccharum
officinarum,
I . Linn.. '.
75. Saccharum procerum.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
'93.
5\15'
Saccharum sara. ,See:___';"

Saccharum
arundinaceum; Saccharum ciliare.
Saccharum spontaneum,
Linn.
Setaria gla1Jca, Beauv.
See:-Agati grandiflora,
Desv. Sesbania grandiflora, Pers.
"Setaria italica, Beauv.
See:-Panicum frumentaceum; Panicum italicum
Sorghum halepense, Pers.
See:-Sorghum vulgare,
Andropogon sorghum.
Sorghum
saccharatum,
Pers.
.,
*Sorghum vulgare,. Pefs.
See:-Andropogon
so1'ghum.
Stipa tortilis, Linn.
;.
Thysanolaena acarifera,
Nees. See:-Thysanolaena
.procera, Nlez.
TritIcum ses~ivum) Lin?l.
See:-Triticiun
hybernum; 'rriticum sativum.
Triticum hybernum. See:Triticum aestivum.
Triticum pilo5um, Da1i
& Gibs.
Triticum sativum,' Lam .
See:-Tritifum . aestivu~;
Triticum. spelta, ,Linn .
*Triticum vulgare.
Vetiveria odora!a, See:-;-:
Andr9pog0l1 mrtricatus. .
*Vetiveria . ' ,:z;izapioides,
Stapf. See:-:A,ndrqpogon
muricatllS, & Androp.o:gon .squarrosus.
*Zea mays, Linn.
566
17.
81. GUTTIFERAE.
1.
Calophyllum
decifient. '
See: -Calophyllum wig'htianum.
"
2. *Calophyllum inophyllUD,l. 18.
Linn.
See:-Balsamaria
inophyllum.
3. Calophyllum wightianum,
Wall. or Calophyllum decment.
See:-Calophyl- 19.
lum apetalum.
3 (a) :-Calysaccion longifoliurn, Wight.--See: Mesua
ferrea. .
'4. Garcinia cambodia, Desr. 20.
5. Garcinia handburii, B.P.
21.
See: -Garcina pictoria,
&. Garcinia heterandra, Wall.
'7. *Garcinia indica, Chois.
See:-Garcinia purpura;
Brindonia indica.
8. *Garciuia
11langostana,
22.
Linn.
, ,!). Garcinia
mot'ella, Desr.
See:-Garci:nia
gutta;
Garcinia pictoria.
10. Garcinia
pedunculata,
Roxb.
11. Garcinia pictoria, Roxb. 82.
Garcinia morella; Gar- 1:
~iGnia ~~burii, B.P.
2.
12.
,arClma
purpurea,
Roxb. See: -Garcina in .
dica.
13. Garcinia wightii.
83
14. *Garcinia xanthochymus.
Hook. See:- Garcini:a 1.
tinctoria; xanthochymus
2.
tinctorius.
15. Longifolium ochrocarpus,
Hk. f. & T. See:-Ochro- 84
carpos longifolius, Bent1t.
1.
& Hook.
coromandeliana,
16. Mesua
Wight. See:-1\lesup fer- ?
rea, etc.
. '/' I.
lYlesua
ferrea,
i..inn.
See:- Mesua roxburghii;
Mesua coromandeliana'
Mesua speciosa; Mesu~
pedunculata.
M e sua pedunculata,
Wight. See:-Mesua fer, rea;
Mesua
co romandeliana; Mesua roxburghii; Mesua speciosa.
Mesua roxburghii. 'See:Mesua
fenea.
Mesua
<;oromandeliana;
Mesua
speciosa; M~sua pedunculata.
Mesua speciosa, Chois.
See: -Mesua ferrea.
*Ochrocarpos longifolia or
longifolius. Benth & Hook.
See: -Longifolium 'Dchrocarpns, Hk. f. & T.
Mesua ferrea.
SChtLlt. See:-Sanseviera
Xanthochymus pictorius,_
Roxb.
See:-Garcinia'
Xanthochymus, Hk. Garcinia tinctoria,' . Dunn.
Garcinia pictoria, Roxb.
HAEMODORACEAE.
Sansevieria roxburghiana,
Sansevieria zeylanica,
W illd. See: -Sansevieria
roxburghiana. Schult.
HAM
'
AMELIDACEAE.
Al~ingia excelsa, Noronha.
Liquidambar
Miller.
orientalis,
'
i
HELICTEREAE.
Peterospermum aserifoliurn.
Peterospermum heyneanum.
..
3.
Peterospermum
folium
INiJEX.
suheri-
B5. HERNANDIACEAE,
4.
5.
6.
1.
Hernandia p~ltata, Meissn.

See:-Hernandi.a ,sonora.
;86. HYDROCHARITACEAE.
-.
1.
~v allisneria spiralis,
Linn.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
56'1
Crocus sativus, Linn, or

Crocus saffron.
Iris ensata, Thunb.
Iris fiorentina, Li1}n. Iris
germanica; & Iris pallida.
Iris foetidissima, Linn.
Iris
germanica,
Linn.
See:-Iris fiorentina.
Iris kumaonensis, .Wall.
Iris nepalensis, Don,
Iris pallida, See:-Irls
fiorentina, Linn,
. Iris pseudocorus.
:87. HYDROPHYLLACEAE. 92. IRIDE1\E.

1.
Hydrolea zeylanica,
Vahl.
0'
;88. HYPERICACEAE.
0
1.
.2.
....
-9
Hypericum oblongifolium,
Wall.
See:-HyPericum
patulum.
Hypericum
patulum,
Thumb. See:-Hypericum
oblongifolium.
Hypericum perforatum',
Linn.
a9. ICACINACEAE.
1.
Sarcostigma kleinii. W. &
A.
90. ILICINEAE.
1.
2.
flex. aquifo.lium, Linn ..

Hex paraguayensis, St.
Hilaire.
:91 . IRIDACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
Belamcanda
chinensis,
Leman.
Crocus indicus;. See:Carthamus tinctorius.
Crocus saffron, See:Crocus sativus.
..
1.
Pardanthus
Ker.
chinensis,.
93. JUGLANDACEAE.
1.
J uglaris regia, Linn.
94. JUNCACEAE.
1.
Luzula campestris, DC.
95. LABIATAE.
Ajuga bracteosa, Wall.
*Anisochilus . c~rnosus.
Wall. See:-Plectranthus
strobiliteros.
3. Anisomeles malabarica,
R. Br. Q'i' Anisomeles
ovata; or Anisomeles disticha,
or
Arusomeles
frutiosa.
4. .Anisomeles ovata, R. Br.'
See:-Anisomeles indica.
5. Ballata or Ballota limbata, Benth.
6. Basili,cum citratum, SeeOcimum basilicum; Ocicum anisatum .
7. .Brumella vulgaris,. Linn.
8. Calamintha clinopodium,
1.
2.
Benth .
THE 'INDIAN MATERIA II~ICA
9.
Cole brooke a oppositifolia.

Sm.
See:-Colebrookea
ternifolia.
10. Coleus amboinicus,' Lour.
See:-Coleus aromaticus.
11. *Coleus
arQmaticus,
Benth. See:-Coleus amboinicus; C. carnosus;
Phectranthus aromaticus.
'12. Coleus barbatus, Bent1t.
13. Coleus carnbsus, See:Selaginella 'iiIibricata.
14. Coleus malabaricus.
15. Coleus scutellarioides.
16. Coleus spicatus, See:Anisochilus carnosus.
17:' Dracocephalum moldavicum, Linn.
18. ,Draco<;!ephal!Jm. r_oylea.;;,
. Dum, Royle.
19. Erempstachys
vicaryi,
Benth.
20. Geniosporum'pro'stratuhi,
Benth.' ~ - - <
.-
21. 'Hyssopus offioinalis, Linn.
22. HyssopuS parviflora,
r
BenJth;.:' '/ " , i ,~
23., Lallemantia
royleana,
Benth.
.I
24: . "Lavandula - oipinriata, O.
. Ktze.
See~'-Uvandula
burmanni Bentn: !',
25.' I Da\rap-dul~ - '_: bur';nan~i,
. Benth. See:-Lav;mdula
.i> <bipil1nata.
' "I ::,
2ii: Lavandula carnosa 'See:, . .An,iscofhilu~, : .. c~rnosus,
t
21.
*L e 'l.i cas . - ceph'aleteg

Spreng. Se:_:_Leucas aspera, & Le~cas liflifolia.
32., ;fLeucas linifolia, SP1reng
See:-Leucas cepha otes;
'Leucas aspera.
33.' -l!.eucas stelligera, WaU.
34. Leucas zeylanica, R. Br.
35. !ty~~pus ~ur~paeus, Linri.
36. Majorana hortensis, Mo-'
ench.
See:-Origanum
rr:tljorana, Linn.
Origanum vulgare, Linn.
37. Marrubium germanicum,
. r See: .. :Marrtibium hama:lalium; Marrubium vulgare ..
38. Marrubium hamalalium~
See:":""Marrubium
Vllf-gare; Marrubium germa-niculll;. .
.
39. Marrubium v.ulgare, Linn.
or Marrubium hamalium;
Marrubium ger.manicum.
40. Melissa parviflora, Benth.
4,1. Ment4a acql,latica, Lim!.
See:_:'Mentha ..piperita.
Linn. Mentha officinalis;
31.
~~th-a- y-J~aris; ~entp~:
incana; Mentha hlrsuta;

.;Meniha ,Canadensis or
canadense?
42. Mentha arvensis, _ Linn .
Se:-Menfha canaden~s;
M~ntha piper~sc~n~:
43 .. '. Mentha canadenSIS; (Japa<,
neset Se~~ . Me:h~ha ar-
VVall.
, I'
v~nSlS, Lt~n.
. . "
. _ 44. Mentha .PJpera~cen_s, (J~):..av~n9ula stoec~s, Lmn.
panese)}.. T:See:.-Mentha
See.-Romero sant~..
arverisis, Linn., - Mentha
28: ~*Leonitis nepeta'efolia, 'N.

. .. ' di{'adensis, (japanese).
Br. ~ee':-Phlomi~ nepe- 45. *Mentha. pip~r:itCl<' Linn.
!aeolIa, Roxb. " . " . .. See::'_Menth_a " . incana;
29:' Leonu1:us ~lbiricl.iS~~ ~init.
. Ment1:la~ hirsut~; Mentha
-30. _. *L'eh~as ~~'peta," Spreng.
camidensis _?r'. c,:nadense;
See:-Phlomis 'est!tiTenta.
Mentlia .. <aquabca;
~.
.
-.;...,.
_.
I
I
i
rnDEx '
. sativa; Mentha officinalis;
M. vulgaris.
46. *Mentba sativa,
Linn.
See:-Mentha canadensis
or eanadense; Mentha
hirsuta; Me_ntha ineana;
Mentha offieinalis; Mentha
vulgaris; Mentha aquatiea.
47. 'Mentha sylvestris, Linn.
See;-Ment:Qa
viridis,
Linn.
Mentha
erispa.
Menyanthes
trifoliata,
Linn.
48. *Mentha viridis,
Linn.
See:-Mentha
crispa;
Mentha sylvestriS.
49. Meriandra
benglalensis,
Benth.
50. .Meriandra . strobilifera,
Bentil.
51. Mi~omeria
capitel1ata,
. ,B'1tth. See:- Mentha
piperata.
52. Nepeta ciliaris, Benth.
53. N~p~tc!- elliptiea, Royle.
54. N e pet a glomerillosa,
Boiss.
54<t. l'{epeta malabarie~, Linn.
See:-:-Anisomeles ,mala'~an.Ca. ' See:-Ajuga fruti,cosa; Stachys mauritiana.
55. Nepeta ;ruderalis, Ram.
& Hook
56. Oeimum album.
57'.' Ocimum anisatum, See:Ocimtun basilicum, Linn.
Basilicufn citra tum. : ' .
58.' *OcimiLin basilicum" Linn.
See:---':Ocimum anisatum
'. or Basilicum citI'atum.
~Ocimum indicuhi;' Oci-:,
mum pilosum.
' .
59. 'Oclmum" canum, . Sims.
- Seel-Ocimum album.
60.. . Ociintun 'caryopbyliatum,.
.. Rox-b.
. ,.
569
Ocimum
ftutescens,
See:-Ocimum
gratissimum, Linn. Citratum
zeylanicum.
62. Ocimum
grandiflorum f
See:-Qcimum
long&florum or longifolium Or...
thosiphon stamineus.
gratissimum,
63. Ocimum
Linn. See: -Ocimum frutescens; Citratum zeylanicum.
64. Ocimum hirsutam, See:_,.
Ocimum
tomentosum;
Ocimum viride; Ocimum
sanctum.
65. Ocimum hispidum, See:~
Ocimum pilosum, Willd.
Ocimum basilicum; Oci;'
mum indicum.
66. Ocimum indicum. See:Ocimum pilosum; Oci.;
inum hispidum; Ocimum
basilicum.
longiflorum,.
67. Oaimum
Haml. See:-:or Ocimurrt
longifolium?
OCimum
grandiflorum;
Orlhosiphon stamineus, Benth. ;
68. Ocimum minimum.
69. Qcimum pilosum, Willd.,
See:-Ocimum basnicum;
'Ocimum. hispidum; or<
'Ba:silicum indicum.
70. 'l'Ocimum sanctum, Linn,,
See:-Ocimum hirsutam;
Ocimum
tomentosum;
OciJ.:num viride.
tomentosum.
71. Ocimum
See:-Ocimum hirsutam;
, .Ocimum sanctum; Oci--:
mum virid~.
72. Ocimum' vir.ide. See:Ocimum . hirsutam'; Oci. _ .. mum. sanctum, Linn. Ocimum tomentosum... ,
61.
570
*Origanum
1,llajorana" 87. . Pogostemon purpuricalis.
Linn.
See:-Origanum
See:-Pogostemon parvivulgar~;
Majora~ . hOlL
florus; Pogostemon purpurascens, DaZz. Pogostetensis, Moench.
mon plectranthoides, Desf.
74 . Origanum vulgare, Lin.n.
stam:ineus, 88. Prunella vulgaris, Linn.
75. Orthosiphon
See:Benth.
See :-Ocimum, 88a. Romero santa"
Lavandula stoeches, Linn.
grandiflorum;
Ocimum
offict.nalis,
longifolium or longiflo- 89. Rosmar~us
Linn.
'
rum?
76. Otostegia limbata, Benth. 90. Roylea eleganus, Wall.
& Hook.
91. Salvia aegyptiaca, Linn.
Val': -Salvia pumilla.
'
77. Perovskia abrotanoides,
92. Salvia
haematodes
or
Kal'eL
haemotodes? Wall.
atriplicifolia.
78. Perovskia
93. Salvia
moorcroftiana,
Benth.
Wall.
'79. Phlomis oephalotoes, See:
-Leucas cephalotes.
94. *Salvia officinalis, Linn.
.80. Phlomis
nepetafoIia, 94a . Salvia plebeia, R. Br.
See:......;Salvia brachiata;'
Roxb. See: -Leonitis neSalvia pumila.
petaefolia.
.~L Phlomis zeylanica, See:- 95 . Salvia pumila, Benth. or
pumilla? Use same as
Leucas.
Salvia plebeia.
81a. Plectranthus aromaticus,
See: Colens aromaticus.
96. Salvia .spinosa, Linn.
:82. Piedranthus strobiliteros, 97. Scutellaria' ga1ericulata,
Linn.
See:-Anisochilus carnosus, Wall.
'
98. Scutellaria indica, Linn.
,83. Pogostemon parviflorus,' 99. Stachys parviflora, Benth.
Ben1!Jt.
See:-PogQstechamaedrys,
mon purpura..<;cens, Pogos- 100. Teucrium
Linn. '
I
tern on
plectranthoi!ies; . 101 Teucrium polium, Linn.
Pogosterr:.on purpuricalis.
.
patcpouli, 10,2. Teucrium scordium, Linn,
'84. *Pogostemon
Pellet.
103. Thymus gracilis. See:-:plectran:85. Pogostemon
Thymus vulgaris, Linn.
thoides, Desf. Pogostemon
Thymus zygis, Linn.
purpur~cens;
Pogoste- 104. Thymus serwllum, Linn.
mon t)urpuricalis. Same
Thymus vulgaris, Linn.
as Pogostemon parvi- 105. Thymus vUlgaris, Linn.
florus, Benth.
See:-ThY1UUS serpyllum,
Linn.
:86. Pogostemon purpurasceps,
zygis,
Linn.
Dab:. Same as - Pogoste- ] 06. Thymus
See:-Thymus vulgaris,
mon parviflorus. See: _:_
Linn. Thymus gracilis.
Pogostemon purpul'icalis;
Pogostemon
plect~an- 107. Zataria multiflora, B,oiss,.
ios: Ziziphora tenuior, Linn.
thoides.
~
73,
/'
INDEX
:95.
1.
2.
:3.
4.
:5.
<.6.
7.
;8.
:9.
10.
11.
12.
571
13. . Cinnanlomum mitlabathrum.

*Actiuodaphne hookeri, 14. Cinnamomuffi nitidum,
NIeissn.
See:-Actino13l'l.1mf;.
See:-Cinnamo
daphne angustifolia.
mum inel's.
Camphora
officinarum, 15. Oinnamomum bbtusifoliBauh.
See:-CinnamQ~
urn, Nees.
mum canyphora, N ees. 16. Cinnamomum
partheDryobalanops aromatica.
noxylon, Meissn. See:Dryobalanops camphora.
Sassafras parthenoxylon.
*Cassytha filiform is, Linn. 17. Cinnamomum saigonicum,
See:-Cinnamomum casCinnarnomum
aromati:sia.
cum, Nees. See:-Ci~n~momum cassia.
18. Cinnamomum tamala, Fr.
Nees.
See:---CinnamoCinnamomum camphora,
mum iners; Cinnamorrlum
F. Nees. See:-Camphora
albiflorum.
officinarum and other
19. *Cinnamomum zeylanicamphor bearing plants.
cum, Breyn. and alUed
*CinnamontuID
cassia,
varieties; See:--C. Cassia.
B 1 u m e, Cinnamomum
See: 'zeylimicum;
Cinnamo- 20. Laurus cassia.
Laurus
cPmamomum;
mum saigonicum; See:Cinnamomum cassia.
Cinnamomum
aromaticinnamomuffi,
cum; & Cilmamomum 21. LqUl:US
See:-Laurus cassia.
lauru's.
See: - Laurus
cassia or Laurus cinna- 22. Laurus nobilis, Linn.
momuin.
23. Lindera neesiana, Benth.
Cinnamomum
eucalyp- 24. *Litsea citrata, Bt.
toides, See:--Cfnnamo- 25. Lits~a polyantha. Jus!:.
sebifel'a,
Pers.
mum lners, etc. etc.
-26. Li'tsea
See:-Litsea
chinensis;
Cinnamomum glanduliSebifera proper. See:foru,m, Meisen.
Tetranthera ape tala.
Cinnamomum i n e l' S,
*Litsea stocksii, Hook.
)R.e!ndwo
c~innamomum~: *Machilus
macrantha,
mtI urn;
innalrlJmum
Nees.
eucalyptoides; Cinnamo.- 29 Tetranthel'a apetala, Wall.
mUlll tamala.
. See:-Tetranthera
roxCinnamomum
laurus,
burghii, DaZz. Gibbs. TelSee:,-Cinna~nomum casranthera
laurifloria,
sia.
Roxb. Nees. Litsaea chiCinnamomum lignea, 01'
nensis, Sebifera proper;
Cassia lignea, See:-CinLitsaea Tomentosa; Litnamomum tillnala.. Cin- saea sebifera, Pf?rs.
namomulll nitidium.; Cinnamomum eucalyptoides.
Cinnamomum
loureiri, 9Sa. LAUBINEAE..
1. Actinodaphne dichotoma,
Nees.
LAURACEAE.
..
572
2,
Forsk.
18.
Sassafras officinale, N ees.!
19.
91. LEGUMINOSAE or:

LEGUMINOSEAE.
1. *Acacia scadens, or scan- 98.
2.
'3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
dens? See:-Entada scandens.

*Aeschynomene grandiflora, Linn. See:-Agati
gl'andiflora.
*Agati grandifiora, or
grandifolia? Desv. See:Aeschynomena
grandiflora; Sesbania grandiflora.
Andira araroba.
Atylosia barbata, Baker.
Coronelia
grandiflora,
See:-,Agati grandiflora.
Cytisus
carano
See:Cajanys indicus.
Hedysarum alhagi, Linn.
'See:-Alhagi maurorulT1.
Hedysarum gangeticum,
Li1'l,1i.
See:-De'smodi4m
gangeticum.
HedysarUni purpureUm,
Roxb. See:-Desmodium
polycarpum.
. .
Hedysarum
. trifiorum,
Linn.' See:-DeSIn:odiul11
triflorum, or DeslJlodium
heterophy Hum.
Hedysarum
. tuberosa,
r..iiui:' & Roxb. See:Pueraria tuberosa.
Jonesici' asoka,
Roxb.
See:-Jonesia
p,innata.
Saraca indica,' 'Linn'.
JonesiCl. 'pinnata, 'Roxb. &
See:-Johesia
asoka.
Saraca. 'indica, Linn.
wtus" cflrni9u_1at_u~, Lim?
Lupirius 'albus, 'ti~1'i.' ;
.Medicago s'ativa.
1
10
.,
11:
12.
.,
13.
14.
15.
16.
,17."
,_, :...
"
Mezoneurum
-sumatra-,
num, W.A.
Pachyrhizus angviatus,
Rich. See:-Dolichos bulbosus.
LENTIBULARI~
ACEA,E.
1.
Urticularia bifida, Linn.
99. LICHENES.
1.
Lichin ,odoriferous, See:-'

Parmelia perlata.
2. Parmelia "kamstschadalis,
Ach. See:-Parmella perlata. Pal{tl1elia perforata.
Parmelia parietina. Lichin
odoriferous.
3. Parmelia parietina. See:-'Parmelia perlata. Parmelia
pe,rforata.
Parmella karatschadalis. Lichin odoriferous.
4. Parmelia pt;rforata. See:
-Parmelia perlata. Parmelia
parietilla.
Parmelia kamstchadalis, Ach.
'Licllin, odoriferous .
5. Parmelia perlata, _4ch.
See:-Parrrielia
karatschadalis. Parmelia parjetina. Parmelia perfora'ta.
Lichin gdorlferous.
100. LILIACEAE:
1.
,:
' AHiuni
ampeloprasum,
Linn. See:-Allium porrum.
asca]onicum,
2.' *Allium
Linn. .
3. *AUium ,cepa, Linn. or
Alllum porrum, or Allium
ascalonicum.
'
4. Allium -- ,leptophyllu111.
Wall.
\
I
INDEX
573
Allium' Nac\ean~~ Baker. 34. Scilla

coromandeliana,
See:~Oichis mascula.
Roxb.
.6. *Allium pon'um, Linn, 35. Scilla hohenackeri, Fish
See:-Allium ampelopraet May. See:-Scilla insum.
dica. Urginea scilla. Ur'7. *Allium sativl~m, Linn.
ginea ma:riti~a. Urginea
8. Aloe abyssinica, Lam.
indica.
9. Aloe barbadensis.
36. Scilla hyacinthina.
10. Aloe indica, Royle.
37. . "'Scilla indica, Bak~r.
11. Aloe litoralis, Koening.
See:-Ledebouria h~acin
12. Aloe perryi, Baker.
thoides; Ledebouria ma13, *Aloe vera, Linn.
cula; Ledebouria hyacinadscendens,
14. Asparagus
thma. See:-Urginea inRoxb.
dica, Kunth.
15 .. Asparagus filicinus, Ham. 38. Smilax
aspera,
Linn.
l?}onoclados,
16. Asparagus
See:-Hemidesmus indiBaRer, " '
cu~:-:k. 13~,'
.,
officinalis, 39. Smilax
17. *Asparagus
china,
Linn.
Linn.
See:-Smilax
pseudo-18, *Asparagus'
racemosus,
china..
Willd.
40. Smilax glabra, Roxb.
19. Asparagus sarmento sus,
or Asparagus gonoclados. 41., Smilax lanceaefolia Roxb.
-20. Asphodelus
fistulosus, 42., *Smilax
macrophylla,
LinnL.:; , J
'
Roxb. See:- Smilax zeylanica, Linn.
tenuifolius J
21. Asphodelus
43. Smilax officinalis.
Cavan.
"'22. Chlorophytum
arundi- 44. Smilax ornata.
naceum, Baker.
attenua- 45. Smilax ovalifolia, Roxb.
23. Chlorophytum
See:-Smilax
zeylanica,
tum, Baker.
Li,11Jn.
brevis'24. Chlorophytum
46. Smilax
pseudo-china,
,capum, Dalz.. .
Willd.
25. Chlorophytum tubeiosum,
See:-Smilax China.
Baker.
:26. Colchicum illyrium, See:- 47. *Smilax zeylanlca, Linrt.
See:-Smilax macrophyl'i
. Marmadactylus gal.
lao See:-Smilax ovali'27. Colchicum luitetim, Baker.
folia.
(Substitute for' C. autu48. Urginea indica, Kunth.
nmale).
See:-Urginea maritima,
'28. *Dracaena cinnabari, Brilf.
Linn. Scilla hohenackerL
imperialis,
29. Ftitillaria
Ledebouria
hyacinthoides
"
Linn.
or,
hyacinthina.
"30.. *Gloriosa superbaj, Linn.
31. Iphigenia indica, A.' Gray. 49. Urginea maritima, Linn.
S.ee:-:-Urginea
indica,
.32., Lilium gigahteum, -Wall.
Kunth. Urginea 'scilla,
.33, . Lilium
neilgherrense,
Steinh.
Linn.
5.
574
50.
51.
Urginea scilla, Steinh.

See:""':'Urginea indica; Urginea maritima.
.
Yucca gloriosa, Linn.
103. LORANTHACEAE.
1.
2.
101. UNACEAE.
Hugenia mystax, Linn.
Linum
usitatissimum,
Linn.
3. Modera canni, See:-Hugonia mystax, Linn.
4. Reinwardtia
trigyna,
Planch. See:-Reinwardtia tetragyna, Planch.
1.
3.
,2.
102. LOGANIACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
",
5.
6.
7.
elasticus,.
Des}-.
Loranthus falcatus, Linn.
See:-Loranthus longiflorus.
Loranthus
longiflorus.
DesT. See:- Loranthus.
falcatus.
Viscum album, Linn.
Viscum a r t i culai1\m,.
Btu,tn.
*Viscum monoicum, Raxb ..
Vis cum orientale, WiHd.
104. LYCOPODIACEAE.
*Fagraea fragrans, Roxb.

See:-Cyrtophyllum peregrinum.
Fagraea imperialis 1I1iq.
Fflgraea racemosa, Jack.
Strychnos axillaris, Caleb,
Strychnos blanda.
Strychnos hourdilloni, Sp.
N ova Brandis.
Strychnos
cinn,\momifolia, Thu. See:-S. bourdilloni; S. colubrina.
Strychnos colubrina, Wall.
& Linn. See:-S. nux
vomica; Lignum colubrinum; & S. cinnal1).omifoha.
Strychnos gaultheriana,
Pie'r.
Strychnos ignatii, Berg.
Strychnos
maingayi,
Clarke.
Strychnos minor.
"'Strychnos nux vomica,
Linn.
Strychnos
potatorum,
Linn.
Strychnos rheedei, Clarke.
Strychnos
wallichiaqa,
Benth.
-""'"
4.
*Loranthus
1.
2.
*Lycopodium clavatum.
Linn. See:-Lycopodium
spores.
Lycopodium spores, See;
-Lycopodium cavatum.
105. LYTHBACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Ammannia
baccifera.
Linn.
See:-Ammannia
vesicatoria. .
Ammannia octandra.
Ammannia senegalensis,
Lam.. & DC. See:-Ammannia auriculata.
Grislea tomentosa, Raxb:
See:-Woodordia floribunda.
*Lagerstroemia
ros-reginae, .Retz.
*Lagerstroem~~lapceolata,
Wall.
7. *Lagerstroemia parir-fiosh,
or parviflora, Roxb ..
8. Lawsonia alba, Lam. &
Lawsonia spinosa; & Lawsonia inermis.
9. Lawsonia inermis, Linn.
See:-Lawsonia
alba;
Lawsonia spinosa.
575
INDEX
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Lythrum
fruticosum,
Linn. See:-Woodfordia
frutic<lsa;
W oodfordia
floribunda.
Rotala 1 e p top eta I a,
Koehne.
*Rotala verticillaris, Linm.
*Sonneratia acida, Linn.
See:-Sonneratia caseolaris.
*Woodfordia
floribu,nda,
Salisb. See:-Woodfordia
fruticosa; Grislea tom entosa,
Roxb.
Lythrum
fruticosum, Linn.
W oodfordia
fruticosa,
Kurz. See:-Woodfordia
floribunda; & Lythrum
fruticosum.
106. MAGNOLIACEAE.
1.
Illicium griffithii,
Hk. f.
&T,
Illicium religiosum, S. &
L.
3.. Illicium verum, Hook.
3a. Mic1;lelia cathcartii. See:-'
lVIichelia champaca.
4. Michelia champaca, Linn.
See:-Michelia
murantiaca.
5. Michelia excelsa. See:-!
Michelia champaka.
6. Michelia kisopa. See:Michelia champaka.
7. Michelia
murantiaca.
See:-Michelia champaka,
Linn.
8. Michelia nilagirica., Zellk.
See:-Michelia pulneyensis, Wight.
9. lVIichelia
pulneyensis,
Wight.
See:-Michelia
nilagirica.
10. Michelia rheedi, See:Michelia champaka.
2.
107.
MALPIGHIACEAE.
1:
Hiptago
mad a b lot a,
GClertn.
See:-Hiptago,
benghalensis.
108. MALVACEAE.
1. *Abelmoschus esculentus"
W' & ..A. or Linn. See:Hibisc\ls
esculentus,
Linn. Hibiscus longifolia.
2. Abelmoschus moschatus,
Medik or Moench. See:Hibiscus
abelmoschus,
Linn.
3. Abutilon asiaticum, G.
D011,.
4.
Abutilon
avicennae,
Gaert11.
See:-Abutilon
. theophrasti.
5. Abutilon graveolens, W.
& A. See:-Abutilon hirtum.
mdicum, G.
S. *Abutilon
Don. Sw. or Abutilon
asiatic\lm. See:-Sida indica.
7. Althaea officinalis, Linn.
8. Althaea rosea, Cav. or
Linn? (Same as A. offici
nalis).
9. Gossypium acuminatum.
arboreum,
10. *G<lssypium
Linn.
11. *Gossypium barbadense,
Linn.
See:-Gossypium
cernuum.
12. Gossypium cernuum, Tod.
See:-Gossypium barbadense.
13. *Gossypium
herbaceum,
Linn.
See:-Gossypium
mdicwn.
14. Gossypium
hirsutum,
Linn.
Var :-religiosa,
Watts.
.576
15.
16.
17.
}8.
.19.
,20.
:21.
22,
23.
;24.
25.
26.
27.
28 ..
~9.

~'Gossypiuh1
indicum. See:'Gossypium herbaceum. ' .

I
*Gossypium
neglectum;
Tod.
See:-Gossypium
vera or Vera rosea?
'
Gossy.pium obtusifolium,
Roxb. . .
'
Gossypium
'religiosum,
Watt.
'.
Hibiscus
ahelmoschus,
Linn. or Hibiscus moschatus, or Bamia moschatus
or Abelmoschus moschatus.
cannabin us,
*Hibiscus
Linn.
See:-Corchorus
capsularis, Linn. Hibiscus
cannabiscus.
Hibiscus
cannabiscus,
See:-Hibiscus
Cannabinus, Linn. Corchorus
capsularis, Linn.
':'Hibiscus esculentus, Linn.
Var:-cancellatus or H.
longifolia.
See:-Abelmoschus esculentus.'
Hibiscus fmcatus, Willd.
See:-Hibiscus aculeatus,
Roxb.
Hibi!icUS lampas, Cav.
See:-Thespesia lampas,
Thespesia
macrophylla,
Detz.
Hibiscus
micranthus,
Linn.
Hibiscus moschatus. See:Bamia mosch~tus &, Abelmoschus
moschatus,
Hibiscus abelmoschus.
Hibiscus populneus, or
Linn. Hibiscus populI).ea?
See:-Thespesia
pop~l
nea.
*Hibiscus
Rosa-sinensis,
Linn.
g
Hibiscus sabdariffa, Linn.
7
."~
30. *Hibiscus tilia~eus; Lhfn.

See:-Hibiscus tortuosus;
Paritium
tiliaceum;
Kydia calycina, Roxb.
31. Hibiscus vulglris.
32. Kydia calycina, Roxb.
See:-Hibiscus tiliaceus.
Kydia
roxburghiana;
Kydia fraterna.
"33. Kydia fraterna, Roxb.
See:-Kydia calycina.
34. Kydia l' 0 x bur ghiana,
Wi.ght. See:-Kydia calycina.
35. Malachra capitata, Linn.
See:-Hibiscus tiliaceus.
36. Malva parviflora, Linn.
37. Malva :roundifolia, Linn.
38. Malva sylvestris, Linn.
See:-Mruva vulgaris. '
39. Malva vulgaris, Fries.
See:-Malva sylvestris.
40. Pavonia odorata, Willd.
41. *Pavonia
procumbens,
Boiss.
42. Pavonia zeylanica; Cav.
See:-Pavonia odorata.
43. Sida acuta, Burm. See:Sida carpinifolia; Sida
lanceolata.
.44. Sida alba, See:-Sida spinosa; Sida alinifolia.
45. Sida alinifolia, See:-Sida
alba; Sida spinosa, Linn.
46. Sida altheifolia. See:Sid a cordifQ.lia; Sida herbacea; Sida. r rotundifolia.
47. *Sida carpinifolia, Linn.
See:-;Sida ~a<;.uta;, Sida
lanceolata.
cordifolia~ Linn.
48. Sida
See:-Sida
althaeifolia;
Sida herbacea; Sida rotundifolia; Sida rhombiI
folia; Sida rhomboidea;
I,
INDEX
49.
50.
51.
53.
54.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
5i1
Slda retusa; Sida orientaSee:-Urena speciosa.

lis.
63. Urena
sinuata,
Linn.
Sida herbacea, See:See:-Urena lobata, Linn.
Sida cordifolia;
Sida 64. Urena speciosa, Wall.
althaeifolia; Sida rotundiSee:-Urena repandn.
foha.
Sida humilis, Willd. See:- 109. MARSILIACEAE.
Sida veronicifolia.
1. Marsilia grandifolia, Linn.
Sida indica, Linn. See:Abutilon indicum,
G. 110. MELASTOMACEAE.
Don.
malabathriSida lanceolata. See:- 1. Melastoma
cum, Linn.
Sida acuta; Sida carpini2. Memecylon amplexicaule,
folia.
Roxb. See:-Memecylon
Sida orienta lis, See:microstomum.
Sid a rhombifolia, Linn.
Sloa rhomboidea. Sida 3. Memecylon angustifolium
Wight.
retusa; Sid a cordifolia.
4. Memocylon edule, Roxb.
Sid a retusa, See:-Sida
See:-Memocylon umbelrhombifolia, Linn. Sida
latum, Burm. & Memocyrhomboidea; Sida O1'ienIon tinctorium.
talis;
Sida cordifolia,
5. l'vIemecylon
tirictorium,
Linn.
Koen. See:-Memecylon
::'Sida rhombifolia, Linn.
edule; Memecylon umbelVar:-Sida rhomboidea;
latum.
or Sida orientalis; or
6. Osbeckia cupularis, Don.
Sida retusa; Sida cordifolia.
Sid a rhomboidea. See:- Ill. MELIACEAE.
Sida retusa; Sid a cordi1. Aglaia
roxburghiana,
folia, Linn. Sid8. orientaHiern.
lis;
Sida rhombifolia,
Hiern. See:-Aglaia odoLinn.
ratissima.
Sida spinosa, Linn. See:2. Amoora rohituka, W. &
Sida alba; Sida alnifolia.
A.
See:-Aphanamixis
Sida veronicCl,ffolia, Lam.
polystachya.
See:-Sida humilis.
3. *Azadirachta indica, A.
Thespesia lampas, Dalz
Juss. See:-Melia azadir& Gibs. See:-Hibiscus
achta; Melia indica.
lampas, Cav.
4. Cadreia toona.
populnea,
:::Thespesia
5. Carapa moluccensis, Lam.
Cor?'. See:-Hibiscus poSee:-Xylocarpus granapulnea.
tum.
::'Urena lobata, Linn. See:--' 6. Chloroxylon
swietenia,
Urena sinuata, Linn.
DC. See:-Swietenia chloUrena repanda, Roxb.
roxylon.
37
f
!
578
7.
mum cocculus; Minispermum heteroclitum; Minispermum

monadelphum; Anamirta paniculata; Anamirla toxifera;
Cocculus flavescens.
paniculata.
2. Anamirta
Caleb.
See:-Anamirta
cocculus; Anamirta toxifera. Cocculus suberosus.
3. Cissampelos herrtandifolia,
See:-Cissampelos
hexandra.
hexandra,
4. Cissampelos
Roxb. or Cissampelos
hernandifolia,
See:Stephania hernandifolia.
5. ':'Cissampelos pareira, Linn.
See:- Cis sam p e 10 S
caapeba;
Cissampelos
convolvu'lacea; Cissampelos
triandra;
Batta
valle.
6. ':'Cocculus cordifolia, or
Cocculus
cordifolius?
See:-Tinospora cordifo-
lia, Miers. Menispermum
cordifolium;
Tinospora
malabarica.
7. Cocculus indicus. See:Cocculus suberosus.
leaeba,
DC.
8. Cocculus
See:-Similar to Tinospara cordifolia.
Cocculus suberosus or
Cocculus indicus.
10. Cocculus %illosus, DC.
Se~:~Cocculus hirsutus.
11. Coscinium ~fenestratum,
Colebr:' See:"':":Menispermum
fen est rat u m,
Gaertn.MENISPERMACEAE. 12. Fibraurea tinctoria, Louj',
J ate r 0 h i z a calumba,
Anamirta cocculus, '\fight 13
i
Miers.
& Arn. See:-Minj~Rer-
Chukrasia tabularis, Adr.

Juss.
Dysoxylum malabaricum'
Bedd.
H(;ynea sumatrana, Mig. :
~<Heynea
trijuga, Roxb. ,
See:-Walsura trijuga.
Melia azadirachta, Linn.
See:-Azadirachta indica,
Juss.
*Melia azedrach, Linn.
See:-Melia
sem11ervirens.
Melia dubia, Hiern or
Cav. See:-Melia composita.
Melia robusta,
Roxb.
See:-Melia superba. Melia compositae.
Melia sempervirens, Sw.
See:-Melia azedarach.
Melia superba, See:Melia dubia; Melia robusta.
Naregamia alata, W. &
A.
Sandoricum
indicum,
Cav. See:-Melia koetjape.
'~Soymida febrifuga, Adr.
& Juss. See:-Swietenia
febrifuga; Soymida or
Swietenia rubra.
Swietenia
febrifuga,
Roxb.
See:-Swietenia
rubra; Soymida febrifuga.
Swietenia rubra, See:Swietenia
febrifuga,
Rvxb. Soymida febrifuga,
Adr. Juss.
Turraea villosa, Renn.
Walsura piscidia, Roxb.
I
8.
9.
1G.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
112.
1.
INDEX
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Menispermum
cordifolium, Willd. See:-Cocculus cordifolia, Miers.
Tinospera cordifolia.
lVIenispermum fenestratum, Gaertn. See:-Coscinium fenestratum.
Menispermum hirsutum,
Linn. See:-Cocculus villosus; Cocculus hirsutus.
Pachygone ovata, Poir.
See:-Cocculus
plukeneW, Kokoona or CoccuIus zeylanica.
Pericampylus
incanus,
Miers. See:-PericampyIus glaucus.
Stephania hernandifolia,
Willd. & Walp. See:Cissampelos hernandifolia; Clypes hernandifolia;
C,issampelos hexandra.
Stephania rotunda, Hook
& Lour. See:-Stephania
glabra.
Sues same as
Stephania hernandifolia.
Til i a cor a
racemosa,
Colebr.
See:-Tiliacora
acuminata, (Lam) Miers.
Tin 0 s p 0 r a cordifolia,
Miers.
See:-Menispermum
cordifolium. Coculus cordifolia, Miers.
Tinospora crispa, Miers.
See:-Cocculus villosus,
& Menispermum verrucosum.
Tinospora
malabarica,
Lam. See:-Cocculus cordifolia, & T. tomentosa;
Pee-amerdu.
Tinospora
tomentosa,
Miers or Caleb? See:-T.
cordifolia & T. malabarica.
579
113. MIMOSACEAE, or
MIMOSEAE or
MIMOSOIDEAE
1. Acacia arabica, Willd. or
Acacia ferruginea.
2. Acacia catechu, Willd. or
W. & A. or Acacia wallichiana; Acacia suma; &
Acacia polyacantha.
3. "'Acacia concinna, DC. or
See:-Acacia rugata.
4. ':'Acacia farnesiana, WilZd.
5. Acacia ferruginea, DC.
6. Acacia intsia, Willd. &
W. & A. See:-Acacia
cassia.
7. Acacia
jacquemontii,
B~nth.
8. *A c a cia
leucophloea,
Willd. or Acacia loeucoph lea ? 'Villd.
9. Acacia modesta, WalL
10. Acacia pennata, Willd.
11. A c a cia
polyacantha,
Bfnth.
12. Acacia senegal, Willd.
13. Acacia speciosa, See:Abbizzia lebbeck.
14,. Acacia wallichiana.
15. *Adenanthera pavonina.
15a. Adenanthera
vascica,
Sce:-Adhatoda vasica.
16. Albizzia amara, Boivin.
See:-Mimosa amara.
17. Albizzia j li 1i b r iss i n,
Ditrazz.
18. *Albizzia lebbeck, Benth.
See :-Acacia speciosa.
19. ':'Albizzia
odoratissima.
Benth.
.
20. ':'Albizzia procera, Betnh.
21. Albizzia s,tipulata, Boivin.
Dichrostachys
cinerea,
22~
W. & A. See:-Mimosa
cinerea.
580
23.
24.
25.
26.
,27.
t
,-
29.
~O.
~l.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
~7.
38.
39.
40.
41.
4~
43..
Entada scandens, Benth.

See:-E~tada
pusaetha'l
or AcacIa scandens' or
scaderis?
Entada pusaetha, See:---" :
Entada scandens, Benth.
Mimosa amara, Roxb. I
See:-Albizzia
amara,
Boivin & Roxb.
Mimosa arabica, See:Acacia arabica.
Mimosa catechu, Linn.
See:-Acacia
catechu,
44.
Pithecellobium lobatum,
Benth.
45. *Pithecellobium samano
46. Prosopis spicigera, Linn.
47. Xylia dol a b r if ormis,
Benth.
114. MORINGACEAE.
1.
2.
Willd.
lVlimosa cinerea, See:..,
Dichrostachys cinerea, W.
& A.
Mimosa entade, See:Entada scandens.
Mimosa farnesiana, See:-Acacia farnesiana.
Mimosa kalkora, or Albizzia julibrissin, Durazz.
Mimosa lucida, Roxb.
Mimosa mutabilis, See:Mimosa rubicaulis.
Mimosa paniculata.
':'Mimosa pudica. Linn.
Mimosa rubricaulis, Lam.
See:-Mimosa mutabilis.
Mimosa s~ponaria, See:Acacia concinna, DC.
Mimosa SlrISSa, See:_:_
Acacia speciosa.
Mimosa
suma,
Roxb.
'See:-Acacia suma.
Neptunia oleracea, Lour.
See:-Mimosa natans.
Pithecellobium
bigeminum, Mart & Benth.
See:-Mimosa
lucida,
Roxb.
*PHhecellobium
dulce,
Benth. See:-Inga dulcis.
Pithecellobium
fasc;iculatum, Benth.
,
3.
Moringa
concanensis,
Nimmo.
Moringa oleifera, Lam.
See:-Moringa pterygosperma; Guilandina moringa; Hyperanthera moringa.
M6ringa pterygosperma,
Gaerb~.
Guilandia moringa; Hyperanthera rnoringa; Moringa oleifera.
115. MYRICACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Myrica cerifera, See:Myrica

nagi; Myrica
sapida.
Myrica integrifolia, Roxb.
See:-Myrica nagi.
Myrica
nagi, Thunb.
See:-Myrica sapida; Myrica integtifolia; Myrica
cerifera.
Myrica sapida, Thunb,
See:-Myrica nagi; Myrica sapida; Myrica cerifera.
116. MYRISTIeACEAE.
1.
2.
Myristica
~ aromatica,
See:-Myristica. fragrans,
H01ftt. Myristica officinaris,
Linn. Myristica
moschata, Thunb.
Myristica fragrans, Hout.
See:-Myristica officinalis, Linn. Myristica mos-
INDEX
3.
4.
5.
6.
Myristica
arochata;
matica.
M y r i s tic a laurifolia,
Hook.
malabarica,
'~lVIyristica
Lamk.
Myristica
m 0 s c hat a,
Thttnb.
See:~Myristica
fragrans; Myristica officinalis; Myristica aromatica.
Myristica officinalis, Linn.
See:-Myristica fragrans;
Myristica moschata; Myristica aromatica.
117. MYRSINACEAE,
or MYRSINEAE.
1.
2.
')
.J.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Ardisia colorata, Roxb.

Ardisia humilis, Vahl.
Einbelia basaal, See:Embelia ribes.
Embelia
glandulifera,
See:-Embelia
indica;
Embelia ribes.
Embelia indica, See:Embelia ribes.
*Embelia ribes, Burm_
l!::mbelia indica; Embelia
glandulifera; _
Embelia
robusta, Roxb.
Embelia robusta, Roxb.
& Clarke. Embelia ribes,
see:-Embelia
tsjeriam,
Cottam.
Embelia tsjeriam, Cottam.
See:-Embelia robusta.
Maesa indica, Wall.
Myrsine africana, Linn.
us.
3.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
MYRTACEAE.
18.
1. *Barringtonia acutangula,
Gaertn.
See:-Eugenia
acutangula.
19.
581
Barringrtonia :racemosa,
Roxb. & Blume.
*Barringtonia
speciosa,
Linn. & Frost. See:Mammea asiatica.
Bertholletia excelsa.
*Careya arborea, Roxb.
Caryophyilus aromat.icus,
Linn. See:-Myrtus caryophyllus.
Eucalyptus dumosa, See:Eucalyptus globulus.
*E u cal y p t u s globulu~,
Labill.
Eugenia acutangula, See:Barringtonia acutangula.
':'Eugenia
caryophyllata,
Willd. See:-Myrtus cary~
ophyllus. Eugenia cary_ophyllifolia.
Eugenia caryophylliiolia,
Lam.
See:-Eugenia
caryophyllata;
Eugenia
jambolana.
Eugenia fruticosa, See:-:Eugenia jambolana; Syzygium jambolanum.
Eugenia
hemispherica,
Wight.
Eugenia jambolana, Lam.
See:-Eugenia caryophyl;lifolia. Eugenia fruticosa.
Syzygium jambolanae, or
Syzygium jambolanum.
Eugenia jambos,. Linn.
See:-Jambosa vulgaris.
Eugenia 0 per cuI a t a_,
Roxb.
See:-Eugenia
cerasoides.
Eugenia racemosa, See:Barringtonia racemosa.
Jambosa vulgaris, DC.
See:-Eugenia jambos.
Melaleuca cajuputi, See:-Melaleuca leucadendron,
Lnm. Melaleuca minor ..
582
20. "'Melaleuca leucadendron,

Linn. or Melaleuca cajur
puti; Melaleuca minor.
21. Melaleuca minor. See:-t
Melaleuca cajuputi; Mel~
aleuca
leucadendron,
Linn.
22. Myrtus
caryophyllus,
See:-Sizygium
caryophyllum;
Caryophyllus
aromaticus; Eugenia caryophyllata.
23. *Myrtus communis, Linn.
24. "'Psidium guy ava, Linn.
Var:-Psidium
pyriferum; (White); Psidium
pomiferum (red); See:Syzygium j ambolan urn;
Eugenia jambolana.
25. Psidium p 0 m i e rum,
(Red); Psidium pyriferum (white); See:-Syzygium jambolanum; Eugenia jambolana; J anlbosa
vulgaris; Ficus carica.
26. Psidium p y r if e rum,
(,,\'hite), See:-Psidium
guyava; Psidium pomiferum; Syzygium iambolanum; Eugenia jambolana;
J ambosa vulgaris.
27. Syzygium caryophylIum,
See:-Myrtus caryophyllum, or Myrtus caryophyllus?
Caryophyllus
aromaticus; Eugenia caryophyllata.
28. ':'Syzygium
jambolanum.
See:-Eugenia
jambolana, Lam.
119. NAIADACEAE.
1.
2.
T rig 1 0 chi n maritima,

Linn..
t
Triglochin palustri~,mn.
120. NYCTAGINACEAE.
1. *Boerhaavia diffusa, See:, Boerhaavia erecta; Boerh a a.v i a
procumbens;
Boerhaavia repens.
2. Boerhavia erecta.
3. Boerhavia procumbens.
Roxb. Boerhavia diffusa.
4. Boerhavia repens.
5. *Mirabilis jalapa, Linn;.
6. Pisonia aculeata, Linn.
7. Pisonia alba,
Spanog.
See:-Pisonia morindaefolia, R. Br.
8. Pisonia morindaefolia, R.
Br. See:-Pisonia alba.
121.
1.
2.
3.
NYMPHAEACEAE..
Castalia
alba,
See:Nymphaea alba; Nymphaea
cachemeriana;
Nymphaea odorata; Nymphaea versicolor.
Castalia lotus.
Euryale ferox, Salish.
See:-Nymphae stellata
Annesled spinosa.
"'Nelumbium spec~sum,
L.
& Willd.
See:N e 1u m b 0
nucifera,
Gaertn.
N el u m b 0
nucifera,
Gaertn.
See:-Nelumbium speciosum.
Nymphaea. alba, Linn.
See:-Nym~haea
versicolor; Nymphaea odorata; Castalia- alba. Nymphaea cachemeriana.
Nymphaea cachemeriana,
Cambess.
See:-Nymphaea alba; Nymphaea
odorata; Nymphaea vetslcolor. Castalia alba.
Nymphaea cyanea.
4,
5.
6.
7.
,
8.
I
\
INDEX
583
Nymphaea edulis, See:lutum; Jasminum peninNymphaea esculenta.

sulare.
10. Nymphaea
esculenta.
8. Jasminum
chrysantheSee:-N:ymphaea edulis.
mum, Roxb. See:-Jas11. t.'Nymphaea lotus, Linn.
minum humile.
or Hook. See:"":""Nym- 9. J asminum flexile, Vaht.
phaea rubra; Nymphaea 10. J asminuD) grandiflorum,
Linn.
stellata, Willd.
11. Jasminum
12. Nymphaea malabarica.
hirsutum,
13. Nymphaea nelumbo,
Willd.
See:-Jasminum
See:-Nelumbium
spepubescens, Willd.
ciosum, Willd.
12. Jasminum humile, Linn.
14. ':'Nymphaea
pubescens,
See:-J asminum
chrysWilld. See:-Nymphaea
anthemum, Roxb. Jasmilotus-pubescens;
Casta, num bignoniaceum, Wall.
lia pubescens.
13. J asminum officinale, Linn.
15. Nymphaea rubra, Roxb. 14. Jasminum
pubescens,
See:-Nymphae
lotus;
Willd.
See:-Jasminum
Nymphaea stellata ..
hil'sutum, WiUd.
16. ':'Nymphaea stellata, Wind. 15. Jasminum
revolutum,
Similar to N ymphaea
Sims. Var:-Peninsulare,
lotus; Nymphaea rubra.
DC. See:-Jasminum big8e:-Euryale :ferox, &
noniaceum.
Castalia stellata.
16. Jasminum
ritchiei,
Clarke.
17, ' J asminum ' rottlerianum,
122. OCHNACEAE.
Wall.
angustifolia, 18. Jasminum sambac, Ait.
1. ':'Gomphia
VaiL!. See:-Ouratea an- 19. J asmihum undulatum.
gustifolia.
20. Ligustrum
robustum,
Blume.
.
123. OLEACEAE.
21., lWyr~pyrum
similiacUfolium, Blume.
1. Fraxinus excelsior, Linn.
22.
':'Nyctanthes
arbor~Tristis
floribunda,
2. Fraxinus
IAnn.
..,;). Wall.
23. Nyctantht!s sambac, See:-Fraxinus ornus, Linn. .
Jasminum sambac, Ait.
4. ';'Jasminum angustifolium,
24. Olax hana, Wall.
Vahl.
arborescens, 25. Olax scandens, Roxb.
5. Jasminum
See:-J asminum 26. 'Olea cuspidata, Wall.
Roxb.
latifolium.
27. Olea dioica, Roxb.
~.
Jasminum auricu~atum,
28. Olea europaea, Linn.
Vahl.
7. Jasminum bignoniaceum, 29. Schrebera swietenioides,
Roxb.
Wall.
See:-J asminum
humile; Jasminum revo- 30. Syringa emodi, WalL
'9.
584

I
31,
32.
124.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Syringa persica, Linn.

See:-Syzygium
caryophyllata.
!
Ximenia americana, Linn[
or Willd.
Epilobrium
fruticosum,
See:-Jussieua suffruticosa.
Jussieua
suffruticosa,
Vinn.
See:-Jussieua
villosa.
Jussieua villosa, See:Jussieua suffruticosa. Epilobrium fruticosum.
Trapa bicornis, See:Trapa bispinosa, Roxb.
Tribulus aquaticus.
Trapa bispinosa, Roxb.
See:-Trapa bicornis; &
Trapa natans.
Trapa natans, Linn. See:-Trapa bispinosa, Roxb.
Trapa bicornis; Tribulus
aquaticus.
Tribulus
aquaticus,
See:-Trapa
bispinosa,
Roxb. Trapa natans, Linn.
Tl'apa bicornis.
Helminthostachys
zeylanica, Hook. & Linn.
126. ORCHIDEAE. Also

known as
ORCHIDACEAE.
1.. Calanthe.
2. Cattleya.
3.
5.
ONAGRACEAE.
125. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE.
1. *Botrychium lunaria, S'w.
2.
4.
bendrobium
tum, Sw.
crumena~'
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Dendrobium macraei, or
macrael? Lindl. See:Desmotrichum
fimbriatum.
':'Eulophia
campestris,
See:-Eulophia
Wall.
vera; Eulophia virens.
Eulophia nuda, Lindl.
Eulophia- vera.
':'Eulophia virens, BroW1.
Liparis 'parviflora, Lind!.
Luisia
brachystachys,
Blume.
Orchis latifolia,
Linn.
See:~Orchis
laxiflora,
Lam.
Orchis laxiflora, Lam.
See:-Orchis
mascula,
Linn. Orchis latifolia,
Allium macleani.
Linn.
13. Orchis mascula,
Similar to Orchis Iaxiflora; Orchis
latifolia;
Allium macleani.
14. Phalaenopsis
amabilis,
Lindl.
15. '-'Saccolabium papillosum,
Lindl. See:-Saccolabium
praemorsum, Hook. Saccolabium
wightianum,
Hook.
praemor16. Saccolabium
sum,
Hook. See:-S.
papillosum. Hook.
17. Saccolabium wightianum,
Hook. See:-S. papillo-.
sum; Acam~e wightiana;
S~ccolabium '
praemorsum, Hook.
18. Vanda caerulea.
19. *Vanda roxburghii, -R. Br.
See:-Vanda spathulata,
Spreng. Vanda tessellata.
20. Vanda spathulata, Spreng.
See:--V.roxburghii.
21,.- Vanilla planifolla, Andr.
12.
INDEX
.5SS:
Zeuxin'e sulcata, LindL 14. ';'Phoenix dactylifera, Linn.

See:-Phoenix excelsa.
See:-Zeuxine
robusta,
Wight. Zeuxine strateu- 15. Phoenix excelsa, See:Phoenix dactylifera, Linn ..
matica, Schlechter.
Phoenix farinifera, Roxb.
127. OROBANCHACEAE. 16. See:-Phoeni::s: pU&illa.
calotropides, 17. Phoenix peludosa.
1. Phelipaea
Wall.
18. ':'Phoenix sylvestris, Roxb ..
19. Saguerus rumphii, Roxb ..
128. OXALIDACEAE.
See:-Aronga saccharifeL'a.
1. Averrhoea acida.
2. Averrhoea billimba or. 20. S"gus laevis, see:-Metroxylon rumphii.
billimbi? Linn.
3. Averrhoea
carambola,
Linn.
130. PANDANACEAE.
4. Biophytum candolleanum,
1. Pandanus odoratissimus,.
Wt.
Linn.
See:-Pandanus'
5. Biophytum intermedium,
sativa; or 1\.nthrodactylis:
Wt.
spinosa; Pandanus tecto-'
6. Biophytum
sensitivum,
rius.
Linn.
2. Pandanus sativa, See:-'
7. Oxalis corniculata, Linn.
Pandanus odoratissimus,
Anthrodacty lis:
Willd.
129. PALMAE. or
spinosa.
P~LMACEAE. or
22.
PALMEAE.
131. PAPAVERACEAE.
1. '::Arec~ catechu, Linn.

2 ,~ Borassus flabellifer, Linn.
aromaticus,.
3. Calamus
Calamus asiaticus, See:Acorus calamus.
4. Calamus draco, Willd.
5. Calamus extensus.
6. '~Calamus rotang, Linn.
7. Calamus travancoricus.'
8. *Caryota urens, Linn.
9. Chamaerops ritchieana,
G1iff.
10. '~Cocos nucifera, Linn.

11. ::'Corypha umbraculifera,
Linn.
12. Lodoicea
seycheUai'um,
Labill.
13. Nannorhops ritt:!hieana,
H. Wendl.
1. ':'Argemone m e x i cana,.
Linn.
2. Hypecoum procumbens,.
Linn.
3. Meconopsis a cui eat a,
R:>yle. See:-Meconopsis'
nepalensis.
4. lVfeconopsis
nepalensis,
DC. See:- Meconopsis'
aculeata.
5. Meconopsis robusta, HK ..
f. & T.
6. Meconopsis simplicifolia,.
HK. f. & T.
7. Meconopsis wall i chii,
Hook. Var:-Fusco purpurea, Hook. See:-M ..
napaulensis.
8.
9.
10.
ll.
l2.
13.
J4.
15.
Papaver argemone, Linn.

See:- Argemone mexican a, Linn.
l
Papaver dubium, Li1m.
See:-P. rhoeas.
Papaver glabrum. See!:Papaver s 0 m n i fenim,
Limt. Papaver setigerum.
Papaver hybridum, Linn.
Papaver nudicaule, Linn.
Papaver orientale, Linn.
Papaver rhoeas, Linn.
*Papaver s 0 m, niferum,
Linn. See:-Papaver glabrum; Papaver setigerum.
.132. PAPILIONACEAE.
1. ~"Abrus precatorius, Linn.
2.
3.
4.
5.
/'
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
or Abrus minor, or Abrus

pauciflorus, Linn.
Aeschynomene s e s .ban,
Sce:-Sesbania aegyptiaca.
Alhagi camelorum, Fisch.
See:-Alhagi maurorum.
Alhagi maurorum, Desv.
or Baker. See:-A. camelorum.
Alysicarpus
longifolius,
W.&A.
Alysicarpus m 0 ~ i lifer,
DC.
Alysicarpus
pu_bescens,
Law.
Alysicarpus vaginalis, DC.
*Arachis hypogaea, Linn.
Astragalus ham 0 sus,
Linn.
Astragalus m u 1 t i ceps,
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25,
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
--33.
34.
35.
36.
WaLl.
12.
13.
14.
Astragalus s a r cocolla,
Dymock.
Astragalus strobiliferus,
Royle.
Astragalus t r i buloides,
#
Dclile.
/'
37.
38.
I
Astragalus virus, Oliver,

Butea frondosa, Koen &
Roxb. See:-Butea monosperma, Erythrina monosperma.
Butea parviflora.
Butea superba, Roxb.
Cajanus bichlor.
Cajanus flavus.
>~Cajanus indicus, Spreng.
& Cajanus bichlor. Cajanus flavus.
Canavalia ensiformis, DC.
Var:-Virosa, Bake?' in
Hook. See:- Canavalia
virosa .
Ccmavalia virosa. W & A.
See:-Canavalia ensiformis.
*Cicer arietinum, Linn.
Cicer lens, See':-Ervum
lens. Lens escul,enta.
Clitoria marina.
*Clitoria tern~tea, Linn. or
Clitoria spectabilis.
Colutea arb 0 rescens,
Linn. See:-Colutea nepalensis,
Cl'otalaria albida, Heyne.
or Crotalaria montana,
Crotolaria angulosa, or
Crotolaria verrucosa.
Crotalaria ben galensis.
See:-Crotalaria juncea.
Crotolaria biflora, Linn.
CJ'Otolaris burhia, HamiLt.
Crotolaria Jenestrata.
Crotolaria fenninfolia.
*Crotolaria' j_!lncea, Linn.
or Crotolarili bengalensis,
or Crotolaria fenestrata,
oriCrotolaria fenninfolia.
Cl'otolaria
medicaginea,
Lamk.
C1'otolaria pro strata,
Roxb. or Rattt?
INDEX
'~Crotolaria
retusa; Linn.
Crotolaria sericea, Retz.
Cl'otalaria striata, DC.
Crotolaria v err u cosa,
Linn.
43. Cyamopsis
psoralioides,
DC. See:-Cyamopsis tetragonoloba.
44. Cyamopsis tetragonoloba,
Taub. See:- Cyamopsis
psoralioides.
45. Cylista scariosa, Roxb.
46. D alb e rgia emarginata.
Roxt. See:- Dalbergia
laiifolia; Dalbergia junghuhnii, Benth.
47. Dalbergia frondosa, See:
-Dalbergia lanceolaria.
48. Dalbergia I a n ceolaria,
Linn. or Dalbergia frondosa.
49. Dalbergia oogeinensis, or
Dalbergia oojunsis, or
Dalbergia 0 u g einensis.
&e:-Queinia d a I bergioides, Benth.
50. Dulbergia sissoo, Roxb,.
51. Dalbergia spinosa, Roxb.
See:-Drepanocarpus spin,)sus.
52. Dalbergia sympathetica,
Nimmo. See:-Dalbergia
multiflora.
53. Dalbergia volubilis, Roxb.
54. Derris elliptic a, Benth.
See:-Pongamia ellipta.
55. Derris scandens, Benth.
See:-Dalbergia s c a ndens.
56. Derris uliginosa, Benth.
57. Desmodium ganget.icum,
DC. See:- Desmodium
collinum; & Hedysarum
gangeti<;!um.
58. Desmodium gyrans.
.39.
40.
41.
42.
59 .
60.
61.
62.
587
Desmodium 1 a tifolium,
Wi.ght. See:-Desmodium
lasiocarpum.
Desmodium polycarpum,
DC.
&e:- Hedysarum
purpureum.
Desmodium pulchellum,
Benth. See:- Dicerma
pulchellum.
Desmodium tiliaefolium,
G. Don.
63. *Desmodium t r i fl 0 rum,
DC.
64. *Dolichos biflorus, Linn.
See:-Var:-D 0 1 i chos
unifloris, Lamk. or Doli'chos uniflorus.
65. Dolichos bulbosus, See:Pachyrhizus angulatus.
66. Dolichos catiang, See:Vigna, catiang.
67. Dolichos cylindric us, or
Dolichos sinensis.
68. Dolichos falcatus, Klein.
69. Dolichos fabaeformis.
70. ';'Dolichos lablab, Linn.
See:-Phosphocarpus tetragonolobus.
71. Dolichos lignosus.
72. Dolichos minim us.
73. Dolichos pruriens. See:Mucuna pruriens.
74. Dolichos sinensis. See:Dolichos cylindricus.
75. Dolichos sesban. See:Sesbania aegyptica.
76. Dolichos sinensis.
77. Dolichos soja, Linn. See:
-Glycine soja.
78. Dolichos tranquebariclls.
79. Dolichos trilobatlls.
80. Dolichos uniRorus. See;Dolichos biflorus.
81. E-.:vum lens, Linn. See:Lens esculanta; C ice r
lens.
588
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
Erythrina corallodendron,
Linn.
I
'~Erythrina indica,
Lam.
Ecythrina stricta; Roxb.
Erythrina corallodendroh,
Linn.
Erythrina monosperma,
See:-Butea frondosa.
Erythrina stricta, Roxb.
Flemingia congesta, Roxb.
See:-Flemingia nana.
Flemingia grahamana, W'.
&A.
Flemingia nana, Roxb. or
Flemingia procumbiana;
or Flemingia congesta.
FJemingia procumbiana?
See:-Flemingia nana.
Flemingia strobolifera, R.
Br.
Flemingia tuberosa, Dalz.
Galedupa indica, See:Pongamia glabra, Vent.
Galega purpurea, Linn.
See:-Tephrosia purpurea.
Glycine hispida, Maxim.
Glycine labialis, Linn.
See:-Teramnus labialis,
Spreng.
Glycine max, Mel'r.
Glycine soja. Sieb &
ZLLCe. & Glycine hispida,
See:-Dolichos s 0 j a,
Linn.
101. Indigofera anil, See:-Indigofera tinctoria; Indigofera indica; Indigofera sumatrana; Indigofera arrecta.
102. Indigofera argentea, Linn.
See:-Indigofera articulata.
103. Indigofera arrecta, See:Indigofera indica; Indigofera anil; Indigofera sumatrana; Indigofera tjnc~
taria.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
113.
114.
98. Glycyrrhiza glabra, Linn.

Var:-Glycyrrhiza glandulifera, Reg. et- Hor.
115.
Linn.
99. Glycyrrhiza glandulifdra, 116.
See:-Glycyrrhiza glabra.
100. Hedysarum tub e rosa,
Linn. See:-Pueraria~ tu- 117f
berosa, DC.
Inciigof~ra
art i culata.
Gouen. See:-Indigofera
al'gentea.
Indigofera aspalathoides,
Vuhl. See:- Lespedoza
juncea.
Indigofera cae r u lea.
Roxb.
Indigofera cardifolia,
Indigofera
enneaphylla r
Vnn. See:- Indigofera
semitrijuga.
Indigofera frutescens.
Indigofera galegoides, DC.
Indigofera glabra, Linn.
See:- Indigofera pentaphylla.
Indigofera g I a n dulosa,
Wmcl.
Indigofera hirsuta.
Indigofera indica. See:-,.
Indigofera tj,pctoria; Indigofera anil; rndigofera sumatrana; InQigofera arrecta.
Indigofei'a linifolil1, Retz.
I11digofera p a u cifolia,
Delile. See:-;- Indigofera
oblongifolia.
Indigofera p u 1 ch ella ,
Ruxb.
INDEX
,
\
118. Indigoera s u matrana,

Gaertn. See:.,-Indigofera
tinctoria; Indigofera indica; Indigofera anil; Indigofera arrecta.
119. '~Indigofera tinctoria, Linn.
See:-Indigofera indica;
Indigofera ani!; Indigofera sumatrana; Indigofera arrecta.
120. Indigofera, t r i f 0 hata,
Linn.
121. Indigofera trita, Linn.
122. Lathyrus altaicus, Led.
123. Lathyrus aphaca, Linn.
124. Lathyrus
inconspicuus,
Linn.
125. Lathyrus luteus, Baker.
126. Lathyrus pratensis, Linn.
127. '::Lathyrus sativus, Linn.
128. "'Lens esculenta, Moench.
See:-Cicer lens; Ervum
lens.
129. Melilotus alba, Desr in.
~ Lam. See:-Melilotus indica.
130. Melilotu~ officinalis, Lam.
or ,\-Villd. See:-Trifolium
officinalis.
131. Melilotus parvifiora, Desi.
See:--Trifolium indicum,
Linn.
132. Millettia
atropurpurea,
Benth. See:-Adinobotrys
atropurpureus, Dun n.
Millettia pachy car p a,
. Bent-h.
133. Mlll~ttia pachy car p a,
Benth. same as Millettia
atropurpurea. & Adinobot r y s atropurpureus,
Dunn.
134. Mucana capitata, DC:
135. Mucana gigantea, DC.
See:-Carpopogon giganteum.
589
136. Mucana monosperma, DC.

or Carpopogon monospermum.
137. Mucana pruriens, Bak-in
Hook. See:-M. prurita,
or Carpopogon pruriens,
or Dolichos pruriens.
138. Mucuna prurita, Hook.
See:-Mucuna pruriens;
Carpopogon pruriens; Dolichos pruriens.
139. Ormocarpum sennoides,
DC.
dal~ergioides,
140. *Ougeinia
Benth. See:- Dalbergia
oojeinensis. 0 u g e i n i a
oojeinensis.
141. ~'Phaseolus
aconitifolius,
Jacq.
142. Phaseolus
adenanthus,
Meyer. See:- Phaseolus
rostratus.
143. Phaseolus glabra.
144. ':'Phaseolus lunatus, Linn.
145. Phaseolus multifiorus.
146. *Phaseolus mungo, Linn ..
Var:-Roxburghii, Prain.
147. Phaseolus nanus.
148. Phaseolus p a u cifiorus,
See:-Phaseolus mungo.
149. ::'Phaseolus radiatus, Linn.
See:-Phaseolus roxburghii; Phaseolus mungo.
150. Ph'aseolus l' 0 x burghii,
Prain. See:- Phaseolus
radiatus, Linn .
151. Phaseolus trilobus, Ait.
See:-Phaseolus roxburghii.
152. *Phaseolus vulgaris, Linn.
153. *Pisum arvense.
154. *Pisum sativum, Linn.
155. *Pongamia glabra, Vent,
or Galedupa indica.
156. Pseudarthria viscida, W.
&A.
157. Psophocarpus tetrago~o

lobus, See:-Dolichos lablab, Linn.
I
158. Psoralea cor~lifolia, Li~n.
See:-Trifolium
uniflorum.
159. Pterocarpus i n die u's,
Willd.
160. Pterocarpus marsupium,
Roxb. See:-Pterocarpus
indicus, Willd.
161. Pterocarpus
santalinus,
Linn. See:-Pterocarpus
lignum; Santalum rubrum.
162. Pueraria tuberosa, DC.
See:-Hedysarum tuberosa.
163. Rhynchosia minima, DC.
164, Sesbania aculeata, Pers.
165. Sesbania aegyptiaca, Pair.
or
Pers.
Var:-Picta.
See:-A esc h ynomena
sesban.
.
166. *S e s ban i a grandiflora,
Pers. See:-Agati grandiflora or olia.
gemminiflora,
167. Smithia
Roth. See:-Smithia conferta.
168. Soja hispida, Moench.
Sce:-Glycine soja, Sieb.
& z.ncc.
169. Sophora tomentosa, Linn.
170. Spatholobus roxburghii,
Benth.
171. Taverniera nummularia.
DC:- or Baker. See:Taverniera cuncifolia.
172. Tephrosia hirta, Ha"Y!.
173. *Tephrosia purpurea, Pers.
See:-Galega purpurea,
Linn. (Sub-family).
174. Tephrosia villosa, PI?~S~
I
..
175. T era m nus

labialis,
Spreng.
See:-Glycine
Iabialis Linn.
176. Trachylobium hornemannianum, Heyne.
177. Trifolium indicum, Linn.
See:-Melilotus
parviflora, Des!.
178. Trifolium
officinalis,
Willd.
See:-Melilotus
officina lis Willd.
179. T r i f 0 1i u m
pratense,
Linn.
180. Trifolium repens, Linn.
181. Trifolium
uniflorum,
See:--Psoralea corylifolia.
182. Trigonella foenum-graecum, Linn.
183. Trigonella occulta, Delile.
184. Trigonella uncata, Boiss.
185. Uraria Iagopoides, DC.
See:-Doodia lagopoides
or U raria picta.
186. Uraria picta, Desv. See:-Doodia picta.
187. Vicia hirsuta, Koch.
187a. Vicia sativa, Linn. $ee:Vicia angustifolia or V.
angustifolia.
188. VIgna catiang, Endl. &
Walp.
See:-Dolichos
catiang.
189. Zornia diphylla, Pen.
133. PASSIFLORACEAE.
1.
Modecca palmata, Lam.

See:-Adetlia
palmata,
Modecca \yightiana, Wall.
2. Modecca ";vlghtiana, Wall.
See:-:-=.Modecc.a _palmata,
Lam. Adenia palmata.
3. *Passif1ora foetida, Linn.
134. PEDALIACEAE.
,1.
Martynia diandra, Glox.

See:-Martynia annua .
1I
F
INDEX
2. *Pedalium murex, Linn &

W'ight.
3. Sesssmum indicum, Li1l1t.
DC.
See:-Sessamum
orientale; Sessamum trifoliatum;
S e s sam u m
luteum.
4. Sessamum luteum. See:Sessamum indicum; Sessamum orientale;
Sessamum trifoliatum.
5. Sessamum orientale, Linn.
See:-Sessamum
indicum, DC.
6. Sessa mum
trifoliatum,
See:-Sessamum
indicum; Sessamum orientale;
Sessamum luteum.
591
Piper
cubeba,
Linn.
See:-Cubeba officinalis,.
Miq.
10. ':'Piper
longum,
Linn.
Chavica roxburghii.
11. "'Piper
nigrum,
Linn.
See:-Piper
trioicum,.
9,
Roxb.
Piper sylvaticum, Roxb ..
Chavica sylvatica, Miq.
Piper trioicum, Roxb.
S e e:- Piper nigrumr
12.
13.
Linn.
138. PITTOSPORACEAE.
1.
135. PHYTOLACCACEAE.
1.
Phytolacca acinosa, Roxb.
2.
136. PINACEAE.
1.
Gallitris
tomentosum,
Wight. See:-alsb Coniferae.
137. PIPERACEAE.
1.
2.
4.
139. PLANTAGINACEAE.
Chavica betle, Miq. See:-Piper betle.

Chavica r 0 x bur g h i i,
See:--Piper longum.
Cubeba officinalis, Miq.
See:-Piper cubeba.
Peperomia pellucida, H.
1.
B.&K.
4.
5.
5. Piper album.
6. Piper aurantiacum, Wall.
7. *Piper betle, Linn. See:Chavica betle.
Hto;ter,
8. Piper Chaba,
See:--Piper officinarum;
Pothos officinalis, Scindapsus officinalis.
Pittosporum ceylonicum,
See :-Pittosporum flori-
bundum, W, & A. Pittos- .
porum napaulense. Cel~
astrus verticillata. Senacia napaulensis.
Pittosporum floribundum,
W. & A. Pittosporum
nepaulense; Pittosporum
ceyloniicum; or Celastrus.
verticillata.
2.
3.
6.
7.
8.
Plantago amplexicaulia,.
Cat), See:-P. ovata.
Plantago asiatica, See:Plan~ago major.
Plantago
brachyphylla,.
Edgew, or Plantago bra-
chyphylaa.?
::'Plantago ciliata, Des!.
*Plantago ispagula, See:Plantago ovata.
Plantago lanceolata, Linn.
Plantago major, Linn. or
Plantago psyllium, or
Plantago asiatica.
Plantago ovata, Forsk.
See:-Plantago ispagula..
592
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Plantago psyllium, Linn.

See:-Povata.
I
Plantago pumila, Will(l.
Plantago stocksii, Bois:s.
Plantago tibetica. HK.I &
T.
Plantago orientalis, Linn.
140. PLUMBAGINACEAE.
Plumbago rosea, Linn.
2. Plumbago zeylanica, Linn.
See:-P. ovata.
3. ';'Statice aegyptica, DeHle.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
:141. POLYGALACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
,5.
.6.
11.
12.
Polygala chinensis, Linn.

Polygala
crotalarioides, 13.
Ham. See:-Polygala telephioides.
14.
Polygala elongata, K~ein.
Polygala erioptera, DC.
Var:-Vahliana.
'
Polygala
telephioides, 15.
WiLld. See:-Polygala crotalarioides, Ham.
16.
Pol y gal a
vulgaris,
Thumb.
17.
142. POL YGONACEAE.

1.
2.
3.
4.
.5.
Calligonum polygonoides,
Linn.
Fagopyrum esculentum,
Gaertn. or Moench?
Polygonum alatum, Ham.
See:-Polygonum punctatum.
Polygonum
aviculare,
Linn. See:-Polygohum
bistoria, & Polygonum
viviparum.
'
Polygonum
barbatum,
Linn. See:-P. aviculare
or l'ivulare.
.0 .... ::...
"18.
19.
20.
Polygonum bistorta, Linn.

Polygonum
cymosum,
Roxb. See,-Fagopyrum
cymosuin, Meissn.
Pol y g 0 n u m glabrum,
W'lliu. See:-Polygonum'
persicaria.
Polygonum hydropiper,
Linn.
Polygonum
flaccidum,
Rox. Trevi1'an.
See:Fagopyrum
cymosum,
1v!elssn.
Polygonum molle, Don.
'&- Brod.
Polygonum
persicaria,
Linn. See:-Polygonum
glabrum, Willd.
Polygonum plebejum, R.
Br.
Polygonum rivulare or
Polygonum
aviculare?
See:-Polygonum barba:tum, Linn.
Polygonum
viviparum,
Linn.
Rheum acuminatum, HK.
f. & T. Same as R. emodi .
Rheum
emodi, Wall.
See:-Rheum
acuminatum; Rheum speciforme;
R h e u m webbianum;
Rheum moorcroftianum;
& Rheum australe.
Rheum 'moorcroftianum,
Royle. .~:
Rheum nobile, Hk. f. &
T. See:-Rh~um emodi.
Rheum officill'ale, Bail-1011-.
21.
22.
23.
Rheum. 'palmatum , Linn.

R h e u m webbianum,
Royle. See:-R h e u m
emodi.
Rumex acetosella, Lin'n.
INDEX
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
Rumex acutus, See:- 16.

Rumex maritimus, Linn.
~'Rumex
crispus, See:Rumex vesicarius, Linn.
';'Rumex dentatus, Linn.
17.
Rumex maritimus, Linn.
Rumex n:epalle,nsi s, 18.
Spreng.
29. Rumex scutatus, Linn.

30. i'Rumex vesicarius, Li~n.
'See:-Rumex
, crispus,
Linn.
143. POLYPODIACEAE.
Actinopteris dichotoma,
Bedd.
2. *Adiantum capillus-veneris, Linn.
3. Adiantum cauda tum,
Linn.
4. Adiantum lunula tum,
1.
2.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
Willd.
Asplenium rutamuraria,
Linn,
Asplenium trichomanes,
Linn.
*Davallia tenuifolia, WaLl.
& Hook. See:-Stenoloma chinensis.
Drynaria querci f 0 I i a,
Linn. See:-Polypodium
quercifolium.
Dryopteris felix, Mas.
Pleopeltis lanceo 1 a t a,
Linn. See:-Polypodium
lepidota.
38
Eichhornia c r ass i pes,

Sohns.
Monochoria
hastaefolia,
PresZ.
145. PORTULACACEAE.
1.
2.
BUTm.
Adiantum pedatum, Linn.

Adiantum venus tum,
Don.
7. '~Asplenium adiantum-nigrum, Linn.
S. Asplenium f a 1 catum,
Willd & Lam.
'9. Asplenium parasiticum,
Polyp odium quercifolium,

Linn. See:-D r y n aria
quercifolia, J. S. M. Domtenia. indic~, Wall.
Polypodium v u 1 gar e,
Lmn.
.
Pteris aqulina, Linn. &
Bedd'.
144. PONTEDERIACEAE.
1.
, 5.
6.
593
3.
4.
5.
Portulaca mer i diana,

Linn.
See:- Portulaca
quadrifida, Linn..
*Portulaca oleracea, Linn.
See:-Portulaca quaddfida, Linn.
*Portulaca qua d r if ida,
Linn.
See:- Portulaca
oleracea, Linn. or Portulaca meridiana ..
Por~ulaca sativa, Linn.
Portulaca tuberosa, Roxb.
.146. PRIMULACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cyclamen per s i cum,

Miller.
Dionysia diapensiaefolia,
Boiss.
Primula reticulata, Wall.
Primula verticillata. See:
-Primula capitata; Primula mollis; Primula japonica.
1460. PUNICACEAE.
1.
Punica granatum, Linn.
594
147. RANUNCULACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Aconitum balfourii, Stapf.

See:--Aconitum e r 0 x
Varieties.
Aconitum chasmanthun1,
Stapf. Se~:- Aconitum
napellus; Aconitum dissectum; Aconitum hians;
Aconitum spicatum.'
Aconitum deinorrhizum,
Stapf. See:- Aconitu:q1
ferox; Aconitum atrox:
Aconitum bruhlii; Aconi~
tum laciniatum. '
Aconitum falconer!, Stapf.
. S~e.:-Aconitum ferox; &
Aconitum dissectum.
Aconitum ferox, Hook,
~lall or Clegh? Var: laciniatum & Atrox. Watt.
See:-A. p a I mat u m,
Bruhl; A. deinorrhizum;
A. polyschiza; ex. goris;
.. A. balfourii; A. falconeri.
Aconitum hetemphyllum,
Wall.
See:- Aconitum
cOl'datum, R.oyle; Aconitum, atees, Royle; Aconi-.
tum ova tum.
Aconitum cor d a tum,
Royle, See:- Aconitum
heterophylluIl1.
Aconitum hians, Watt.
See:- Aconitum chasmanthum.
Aconitum laciniata, Bruhl.
See- Aconitum lacinia
tum, Stanf.
Aconitum
fercx.
Aconitum luridum, Hook.
Aconitum lycocto n U ,m,
Linn.
Aconitum napellus, Linn.
& Stawart'; Clegh? Varieties:-A. multifidum; ; A.
rigidum (partim); A. dis-
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
2.4.
10.
~1.
12.
,.
.'_"
25.
sectum-Duthie. A. spicatum, Duthie. A. hian:-:,

Goris & Watt. See:-A.
chasmanthum; A. ferox.
*Aconitum palmatum, D.
Don. & Hook. See:-Aconitum ferox; Aconitum
lethale; Caltha bisma;
Nirbisia bisma.
Aconitum s pic a tum,
Stapf.
See:- Aconitum
ferox, etc. etc.; Aconitum
variegatum, Hook; .Aconitum urteinatum, Hook.
ActClea racemosa.
Actaea spicata, Linn. See:
-Actaea acuminata.
Adonis oestivalis, Linn.
':'Anemone obtusiloba/ D.,
Don. See:-Anemone discolor.
Caltha palustris, Linn.
See:-Caltha himalensis;
Caltha alba .
Clmieifuga foetida, Linn.
See:-Cirriicifuga frigida;
Royle, or Actaea cimicifuga, Linn.
Cimicifuga race m 0 s a,
Linn.
Clematis gouriana, Roxb.
Clematis napaulensis, DC.
See:--Clematis montana)
D Don.
Clematis smilaci f 0 1 i a,
Wall.
See:- Clematis
munroana. "'i
Clematis triloba, Heyne.
Clemati~ wighticma~
26.
27. Coptis teeta, Wall.
28. ::'Delphinium ajacis, Royle.,
29. Delphinium brunonianum,
Royle. See:-Delphinium
; jacquemontianum;
Delphinium moschatum.
'j
!
I
INDEX
30.
31.
32.'
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45'.
46.
47.
Delphinium caeruleum,
facq.
Delphinium denudatum,
Wall. See:-l)elphillium
pauciflorum.
Delphinium elatum, Linn.
See:-Delphinium intermedium; Delphinium ranunculifolium; Del phinium pyramidale; Delphinium hoffmeisteri; Delphinium speciosum.
.
Delphinium pauciflorum,
Royle. See:-Delphinium
denudatum.
Delphinium renunculifoliam, Wall. See:-Delphinium elatum. .
Delphinium
spe,eiosum,
J'.lnka. See:-Delphinium
elatum.
Delphinium za1il Aitch ,et
Hemsl.
Helleborus niger; Linn.
See:-Helleborus officinalis; Helleborus viridis.
Helleborus 0 ffi c i nalis,
See:-Helleborus niger;
Hellehorus viridis.
Helleborus viridis, Linn.
Hydrastis can a densis,
Linn.
Isopyrum
thalictroides,
Linn.
*Naravelia zeylanica, DC.
Nigella indica, Roxb-. See:
-Nigella sativa.
Nigella sativa, Linn. See:
-Nigella indica; Carum
carui; Carum bulbocastanum;' Cuminum nigrum.
Paeonia emodi, Wall..
Paeonia officinalis, Linn.
*Ranunculus a rye n sis,
Li1m. See:-Ranunculus
tuberculatus, DC.
595
48.
Ranunculus
sceleratus,
Linn. See:-Ranunculus
indicus, Roxb.
49. '~Thalictrum dalzeIli, Hook..
SQ. Thalictrum foliolo s u 'm,
DC.
51. Thalictrum javanic.us 01:
javanicum.
148. RHAMNACEAE, or
RHAMNEAE.
1.
Gouania I e p tostachya,
DC.
Rhamnus dahuricus, pun

or Lawson. See:-Rham-,
nus virgatus.
3. Rha1nnus jujuba, See:Zizyphus juj:uba.
4. Rhamnus purpu r e u s,
Edgew.
5. Rhamnus triqueter, Lawson. See:-R. wightii.
6. Rhamnus wightii, W. & A.
See:-Rhamnus triqueter,
Lawson.
7. ';'Ventilago madraspatana,
Gae1tn. See:-Funis vi-'
minalis, & V. maderaspatana.
8. Zizyphus anoplia, See:--=Zizyphus jujuba; & Zizyphus laccifera.
9. Zizyphus glabrata, HeY1ie.
See:-Zizyphus trinervia.
0
*Zizyphus
jujuba, Lamk.
1 .
See:-Zizyphus.laccifera;
Zizyphus anoplia; Rhamnus jujuba.
11. Zizyphus laccifera, See:
-Zizyphus jujuba.
12. Zizyphus m i c rophy Ha,
Roxb.
See:- Zizyphus
nummularia.
13. Zizyphus napica.
2.
596
14.
15.
16.
1T.
18.
19.
20.
Zizyphus nununularia, W.
& A. See:-Zizyphus m\cTophylla.
Zizyphus oenoplia, Mill.
See:-Rhamnus oenopli~.
Zizyphus rugosa, Lam1;c.
See:-Zizyphus glabra.
Zizyphus sororia.
Zizyphus trinervia, Roxb.
See:-Zizyphus glabrata.
Zizyphus vulgaris, Lamk
See:-Zizyphus sativa.
~'Zi2.:'phus
xylopy ~ u s,
Willd.
21.
Zjzyphus zylopra, Willd.

or Zizyphus xylopyrus,
Willd.
2.
3.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
1&.
19.
20.
149. RHIZOPHORACEAE.
1.
9.
Carallia lucida, Rox~.

Ceriops candollcana, Arn.
Khandalia rheedii, W. &
21.
22.
23.
A.
4. Rhizophora mangle, Linn.
5. ';'Rhizophora
mucronata,
Larn. & Lamk.
24.
'150. ROSACEAE.
1.
2.
"3.
4.
-'5:
6.
Agrimonia e u p a toria,
Linn.
*Amygdalus com munis,
Linn. See:-P r u .n u s.
amygdalus.
Brayera, anthelmentica,
Kunth.
Cerasus caproniana.
Cotoneaster b u i folia,
Wall.
Cotoneaster microphylla,
Wan
'j';
8.
Cotoneaster nummularia,
Fisch. & Mey.
:"
Crataegus oxycantha.::._
.0-.'
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
'~Cydonia
vulgaris, Pers,
See:-Pyrus cydonia.
*Eriobotrya j a p 0 nica,
Lindl.
Gerish elatum.
Gerish urbanum.
Geum alatum, Wall.
Geum urbanum, Linn.
Hagenia abyssynica, Lam.
Potentilla fruticosa, Linn.
Potentilla kleiniana, W. &
A.
Potentilla leschenaultiana.
Potentilla n epa lensis,
Hook.
PotentilJa reptans, Linn.
See:-Potentilla nepalensis.
Potentilla supina, Lin.n.
Prinsepia utilis, Royle.
Prunus amara, DC. See:
--Prunus amyg d a 1 u s,
Baillon. Amygdalus communis, Lin1l.. Prunus dulcis, DC.
*Prunus amygdalus, BaillO'lt.
Var:-l. Amara;
2. Dulcis. . See:-Amygdalus communis, Linn.
*Prunus armeniaca, Linn.
See:-A m y g d a 1 a or
Amygdalus vulgaris.
Prunus avium, Linn.
*Prunus cerasus, Linn.
Prunus cOll,llIlunis, Huds.
See:-Prunus ins tit i a,
Linn.
*Prunus- domestica, Linn.
Var:-Prunus juliana.
Prunus
dulcis,
DC.
See:-":'Prunus amygdalus,
Baillon. Prunus am,ara; DC. Amygdalus conununisJ Linn.
1
I
INDEX
597
Prunus insititia, Schneid 52. Rosa gallica, Linn. See:&

Linn. See:-Prunus
Rosa damascena, Mill.
communis; Prunus do-' 53. Rosa glandulifera, See:-:mestica; subsp. insititia.
Rosa
moschata,
Mill.
Rosa pubescens.
32. Prunus mahaleb, Linn.
. 54. Rosa indica, Linn. See:33. Prunus malus, Linn.
Rosa
chinensis;
Rosa
34. Prunus padum. See:, Pronus sylvatica; Ceraalba.
sus puddum.
moschata,
Mill.
55. ::'Rosa
pad us,
Linn.
See:-Rosa
pubescers;
35. Prunus
See;-,--Cerasus
corunta;
Rosa glandulifera.
or Prunus corunta.
56. Rosa pubescens, See:Rosa
moschata;
Rosa
36. Prunus persica, Benth &
Stokes.
See:Hook.
glandulifera.
Amygdalus persica, Linn. 57. Rubus I a s i 0 car pus,
Pygeum persica.
Sntith.
37. Pl'unus puddum, Roxb. 58. Rubus moluccanus, Linn.
See:-Prunus sylvatica, 59. Rubus wallichii.
or Cerasus pudduII}, or
59a. Semen cydonia. See:Prunus cerasoides.
Pyrus cydonia; Cydonia
'38. Prullus serotina, Ehrhart.
vulgaris, Pers.
39. Prunus undulata, Ham.
Spiraea aruncus, Linn.
60.
40. Pygeum gardneri, Hook.
61. Spiraea lindleyana, Wall.
f
41. Pygeum persica, See:- 62. Stranvaesia glaucescens;i
Lindl.
Amygdalus persica; Pru31.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
nus persica; Benth &

Hook.
Pygeum wightianum Bl.
Pyrus aucuparia, Gaertn.
Pyrus chinensis, Roxb.
:~Pyrus communis, Linn.
See:-Psidium
guyava,
Linn.
Pyrus
cydonia, Linn.
See:-Cydonia vulgaris;
Semen cydonia.
:~Pyrus malus,
Linn. &
Willct.
Pyrus tomentosa, Roxb.
Rosa alba, Linn. See:Rosa indica.
50. *Rosa centifolia, Linn.
51. *Rosa damascena, Mill.
See:-R. gallica.
48.
49.
151. RUBIACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
*Adina
cordifolia, Bendt
& Hook. See:-Nauclea
cordifolia.
Anthocephalus cadamba,
Mia. See:--Nauclea cadamba, Sarcocephalus cadarnba.
Borreria hispida, K. Sch.
See:-Spermacoce
hispida.
Canthium
did y mum,
Gae1(n. & Roxb. See:Plectronia didyma.
Canthium
parviflorum,
L(tmk. See:_':'_Plectronia
parv iflora.
Cephaelis ipecacunha, A.
Rich.
See:-Psychotria
598-.
inecacunha Linn. N.are- 26. Ceophila reniformis, Don.

Similar to Ipecacuanha.
g'an~ia- alata, W. & A.
:;'Cin(.'k~ma calisaya, Wed27. *Hla d y 0 tli s 'RU!ricu;Iaria,
ddt.
See:-Cinchona
Linn. See:-Hedyotis hisledgeriana.
~
piela; Oldenlandia auriCinchona
condarriin~a,
cularia.
Ur,n. See:-Cinchona offi- 28. Hedyotis hispida, Ret.z.
cinalis.
See :-Hedyotis
auricuCinchona cortex.
laria.
':'Cinchona officinale, or 28a. Hedydtis indica, S.ee:":__*Cinchona
officinalis,
Hedyotis umbellata; HedLinn. & Hook. See:-Cinyotis hispida.
chona condeminea.
29. Hedyotis u m bell a t a,
Cinchona robusta, How.
Lamk. See:-Oldenlandia
'Cinchona
succirubra,
umbellata Linn. Hedyotis
) Paven.
See:-Cinchona
hispida; Hedyotis indica.
pubescens.
30. Hymenodictyon
excel':'Coffea arabica, Linn.
sum, Wall. See:-Hym~
Coffea bengalensis, Roxb.
el1odictyon obovatum.
Diplospora sphaerocarpa, 31. Ixora alba, ~ee:-Ixora
Hooh.
parviflora, Vahl.
Galium aparine, Linn.
32. Ixora bandhuca, Roxb.~~
Galium mullugo, Linn.
See:-Ixora
coccinea;
Galium verum, Linn.
Ixora grandiflora.
Gardenia
campanulata, 33. '*Ixora
coccinea,
Linn.
Raxl.
See:-Gardenia
See:-Ixora grandiflora;
gllmmi<era.
Gardenia
Ixora bandhuca.
florida.
hora parvifiora, Vahl.
Gardenia
floribunada,
or Ixora alba .
. Roxb.
pavetta,
Roxh.
35. Ixora
Gardenia flqrida, Linn.
See:-Pavetta indica.
See:--Gardenia gummi- 36. Meynia spinosa, See:-,
fera:; Gardenia campanuVanguerla spinosa Roxb.
lata.
37. Morinda bracteata, See:-'~Gardenia
gqmmifel'a,
Morinda citrifolia, Linn.
Lim.. Gardenia arboria
,Morinda tinctoria, -Roxb.
01
arborica? Gardcni.a 38. ';'Morinda cilrifolia, Bedd.
campanulata; . Gardenia
& Linn. See:-Morinda
florida;' Gardenia resinitinctoria, . -or
Morlnda
ferae.
,.
bracteata.
~:Gardenia lucida, Roxb. 39.
lViorinda
. concanensis,
See:-Gardenia gummiNimnw.
fera.
40. Morinda scandens, See:Gardenia turgida, Roxb.
Morinda 11mbellata.
:;'Morinda tinctoria, Roxb.
Gardenia uliginosa, ~et.z.
See:--Morinda citrifolia.
See:'-'-Randia uliginol?s.~ I
7.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
iK
19.
20~
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
~....,..,
II
INDEX
42.
43.
.,14.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51 ..
52.
53.
"54.
55.
Morinda umbellata, Linn.

or Morinda scandens.
lVlussaenda
flavescens,
See:-Mussaenda
frondosa: Mussaenda glabrata.
'~l\ilussaenda
frondosa,
Hook & Linn. See:-Mus:'
saenda
flavescens;
&
Mus5aenda glabrata.
Mus s a end a glabrata,
Hutch. See:-Mussaenda
frondosa;
Mussaenda
flnvescens.
Nauclea cadamba, Roxb.
or Hort. See:-Anlthocephaius cadamba, Miq.
Nauclea cordifolia, Roxb.
Nauclea ovalifolia, Roxb.
Adina cordifolia.
Nauclea ovalifolia, Roxb.
'See :-Nauclea cordifolia.
01denlandia biflora, Linn.
& Roxb. See:-Olden:
landia corymbosa; Oldenlandia paniculata; Hedyotis racemosa,
Oldenlandla corymbosa,
Li.nn. See:-Oldehlandia
biflora; OIdeniandia her~
bucea,
& Oldenlandia
ramosa.
Old e n 1 a 1). d i a diffusa,
Roxb. See:-Oldenl.andia
ramosa.
Oldenlandia glandulifera,
Wall.
Oldenlanrua
herbacea,
Roxb. See:-Oldenlandia
corymbosa; Oldenlandia
biflora.
Oldenlandia heynai, or
heynei, Hk. f.
"Oldenlandia
umbellata,
Li~n. See:-Hedyotis umbeHata.
599
56.
Ophiorrhiza
mungos,
Linn.
57. Paederia' foetida,
Linn.
See:-Convolvulus foetidus, or Apocyanum foetidus & SperIT).acosa 01'
Spermacoce stricta .
58. Pavetta
indica,
Linn.
See:-Ixora p ave t t a,
59.
60.
61.
62.
62a.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
'. . .
69.
Roxb.
Plectronia
parviflora,
Bedd.
See:-Canthium.
Posoque
parviflorum,
Lamk. uligonosa, Roxb.
See:-Randia uligonosa.
Psychotria
curviflora.
Th~'!.v.
Psychotria ipecacualma,
Linn..
See:- Cephaelis
ip~cacuanha, N aregamia
31ata, W. & A.
Quinetum
(of British
Pharmacopoel Cod ex).
See:-Cinchona cortex or
officinale). (b) Quinin.eSee:-Cinchona cortex.
';'Randia dume tor u m,
Lamk.
Randia longifolia.
Randia terasperma, Benth
& Hook.
Randia uliginosa, DC.
See:-Gardenia uliginosa;
Posoqueria uliginosa.
Rubia cordifolia, Linn.
See:-Rubia manjishta;
Rubia tinctbria; Rubia
secunda.
Rubia longifolia, See:Asteracantha longifolia;
Hygrophila longifolia; Hygrophila spinosa.
Rubia munjista, Roxb.
See:- Rubia cordifolia,
Linn. Rubia secunda.
600
THE INDIAN MA 'fERIA MEDICA
6. *Citrus acida, See:-Citrus

medica, Linn. Citrus bergania.
7. *Citrus aurantium, Linn.
71.
Var:-Citrus aurantium,
72.
proper; Citrus bigaradia,
& Citrus bergamia. See:Citrus vulgaris.
Roxb.
. ,
8. Citrus bergamia, See:73. Sarcocephalus horsfeldii
Citrus acida.
~iq.
'
74. Sarcocephalus missionis,
9. Citrus bigaradia, Duha:m.
See:-Citrus aUrahtium.
WaU & Haviland.
75. *Spermacoce hispida, Linn. 10. ~'Citrus decumana, Murr.
& Linn. See:-C i t r u s
See:-Borreria
hispida,
maxima;
Citrus acida.
K. Sch. & Spermacoce
. scabra.
11. *Citrus: limetta, W. & A.
76. Spermacosae stricta, See: 12. *Citrus limonum. See:Citrus lemonum, & Citrus
-Paederia foetida; Conacida.
volvulus foetidus; Apocynum foetidum.
13. *Citrus medica, Linn. Var:
-Citrus limonis; Citrus'
77. Stephegyne parvi fl 0 r a,.
medica proper; Citrus
Korth. See:-Mytragyna
limonum; Acida limetta.
parvifolia, Korth.
See:-Citrus acida.
78. U:ncaria gambier, or gam- .
Risso.
See:-Nau- 14. Citrus vulgaris,
-bIr, Roxb.
See:-Citrus aurantium.
clea gambier.
79. *Vanguet'ia spinosa, Roxb.. 15. Crataeva vallangai,. See:
-Feronia elephantum.
80. Webera tetrandra, Wall.
16. Dictamnus, albus, Linn.
17. Evodia meliaefolia, Benth.
-152. RUTACEAE.
or mellaefolia?
Evodia r 0 x b urghiana,
18.
1. Acronychia lauri 0 1 i a"
Benth. See:-Evodia luBlume. See:- Cyminosnurankenda.
ma pedunculata.
19. Evodia rutaecarpa, HK. f
2. *Aegle marmelos, Corr.
& Th.
3. 01< Atalantia
monophylla, 20. *Feronia e~l e' phantum,
DC. or Carr? See:-AtaCorrea. or' Anisiphalnis
lantia fIoribunda.
rumphii, or" Qrataeva vallangai. ,
4. Bergera konigii, or 'koenigii? Linn. See:-Murr?ya 21. Glycosmis COChlIl-chinensis, Pierre. See:--Glycoskoenigii.
mis peIiiaphylla.
5. Chesia or Chalcas . pani...,
pentaphylla,
culata?
See:-Murraya 22. *Glycosmis
Correa. See:-Glycosmis
exotica, Linn. Murraya
cochinchinensis.
paniculata.
..
70.
Rubia secunda. See:Rubia cordifolia; Rubia

munjista; Rubia tinctorfa.
Rubia tinctorum, Linn ..
Sarcocephalus cadam b~,
See:-Anthocephalus cac;Iamba; Nauclea cadamba
INDEX
23.
24-.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
3.3.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
Limonia acidisSima, Linn.

See:-Limonia crenulata.
Limonia crenulata, Roxb.
See:-Limonia acidissima.
Limonia m6fiophilla, or
monophylla? Hk. See:Limonia crenulata; Limonia acidissima.
Luvunga scandens, Ham.
See:-Limonia scandens.
*Murraya exotica, Linn.
See:-Murraya
paniculata; or Chesia paniculata.
*Murraya koenigii, Spreng.
Musa paradisiaca, Linn.
See:-Bergera koenigii.
Murraya paniculata, Jack.
See:-Murraya exotica,
Linn. Chesia paniculata.
Paramignya
longispina,
Hook.
Paramignya monophylla,
Wright.
Peganum harmala, Linn.
*Ruta angustifolia, Hook.
See:-Ruta
graveolens,
Linn.
Ruta graveolens, Linn.
Var:-Ruta angustifolia,
Hook.
Scopolia aculeata, See:Toddalia, aculeata, Lamk.
Skimmia laureola, H oak,
Sieb. Zuce, See:-Limonia
laureola.
*Toddalia aculeata, Pers &
Lamk.
See:-Toddalia
asiatica; Toddalia rubicaulis; Toddalia nitida; &
Scopolia aculeata.
Toddalia asiatica, Pe1's &
Lamk. See:-Toddalia' rubicaulis; Toddalia nitida;
S~opolia aculeata. PacIinia asiatica.
601
Tod<[alia bilocularis, W.
&A.
40. Toddalia nitida, See:Toddalia aculeata, Lamk.
& Pers. Toddalia asiatica, Pers. Toddalia rubicaulis; Scopolia aculeata;
Paclinia asiatica.
41. Toddalia rubicaillis, See:
-Toddalia aculeata; Toddalia asiatica; Toddalia
nitida; Scopolia aculeata,
Paclinia asiatica.
42. Zanthoxylum acanthopodium, DC. Use same as
Z. alatuIl1, See:-Z. hamiltonianuIl1; Z. oxyphyllum.
43. Zanthoxylum a 1 a tum,
Roxb.
44. Zanthoxylum budrunga,
Wall. See:-Zanthoxylum
rhetsa; Fagura budrunga,
Roxb.
45. .Zanthoxylum, hamiltonianum, Wall. Zanthoxylum
acanthopodium, DC. Use'
same as Z. alatum.
46. Zanthoxylum ovalifolium,
Wight. . Use same as Z.
alatum.
oxyphyl47. Zanthoxylum
lum, E9,gw. Use same as'
Zanthoxylum alatum.
39.
48. *Zanthoxylum rhetsa, DC.

See:-Z.imthoxylum triphyllatum; Zanthoxylum
budrunga.
49. ZadthoxylIu:m tr;.phy 11tum Juss & Wight. See:-Evodl.a
lunar-ankenda,
Men'. Use same as Z.
rhetsa.
60;:'
153. SACCHAROMYCES.
')
'-'.
1. "'Yeast (Latin:-Cerevis;ae
fermentum) .
2. Yeast beer.
3. Yeast toddy.
l54. SALICACEAE.
Populus ciliata, Wall.
1.
2. ':'Populus euphratica, Olivo
Populus nigra, Linn.

Salix acmophylla, Boiss.
See:-Salix alba; Linn.
Salix babylonica, Linn.
Salix alba, Linn.
Salix babylonica, Linn.
Salix caprea, Linn. See:Salix tetrasperma.
'Salix daphnoides, Vill.
':'Salix tetrasperma, Roxb.
See:-Salix caprea, Linn.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
1155. SALVADORACEAE.
1.
Azima tetracantha, Lam.

Monita barberioides, See:
-,-Azima tetracantha.
3. Salvadora indica, Royle.
4. ':'Salvadora oleoides, Dcne.
5. '~Salvadora persica, Lihn.
See:-Salvadora indica, &
2.
156. SAMYDACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
Casearia esculenta, Roxb.

Casearia graveolens, Dab:.
Casearia tomentosa, Roxb.
See:-Casearia elliptica.
157. SANTALACEAK
1. "'Osyris arboreC!-, Wall.
See:-Osyris wigqtiana.
2. ~'Santalum album, LiJ-m.
..r.....,...
Santalum rubrum. See:

-P tero carpus
santalinus.
158. SAPlNDACEAE.
Acer pictum, Thtmb.
Aesculus hippocastanum, .f
Linn.
3. Aesculus indica, Hiern.
& ColelYr. See:-Pravia
indica.
4. Allophyllus serra t u s,
. Radlk. See:-AllophylIus cobbe.
5. ':'Cardiospermum halicacabum, Linn.
o. Dodonaea viscosa, Jacq.
See :-Dodonaea angustifolia; Pte lea viscosa.
7. Litchi chinensis, Sonner,
See:-Nephelium litchi,
Camb.
8. Nephelium
lappaceum,
Linn.
9. Nephelium litchi, Camb.
See:-Litchi chinensis.
10. Nephelium Ion g a n a,
Camb. See:-Euphorbia
or Euphoria longana.
11. Sapindus d e t e' r gens,
Roxb.
See:- Sapindus
emarginatus;
Sapindus
laurifolia; Sapindus rubiginosus; Sapindus trifoliata; Sap indus mukorossi.
1
emarginatus.
12. Sapindus'
See:-Saplndus trifoliata;
Sapindu~ laurifolia; Sapindus rubigmos\ls; Sa"
pin~us mukorossi; Sapindus detergens.
13. Sapindus laurifolia, Vahl.
See:-Sapindus trifoliata;
Sap indus
~marginatus;
1.
2.
r
,
INDEX
14.
15.
16.
17.
Sapindus rubiginosus; Sapindl.ls IT).ukorossi; Sapin,dus dete:r;gens.

Sapindus mukor 0 s s i,
Gaert1t. See:-Sapindus
emarginatus;
Sapindus
laurifQlia; SapiIidus rubiginosus; Sapindus trifoliata; Sapindus detergens.
Sapindus rubigino s u 5,
See:-Sapindus de t e rgens; Sapindus emarginatus; Sapin,d_us laurifolia;
Sapindus mukorossi; Sapindu:; trifoliata.
Sapindus trifoliata, Linn.
See:-Sapindus emarginatus; Sapiridu.s laurHolia;
Sapindus rnbjginosus; Sapindus mukorossi; Sapindus detergens.
Schleichera, trijuga, Willd.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
'7.
8.
9.
10.
'>
Dichroa febrifuga, LOUT.

See:-Adamia cyanea.
Hydrangea aspera, BlCh.
Ribes grossularia, Linn.
Ribes nigrum, Linn.

Ribes orientale, Poir. &
Desi.
Ribes rubrum, Linn.
Saxifraga ligulata, Wall.
See:-Bergenia ligulata,
Wall.
161. SCITAMINACEAE,
or SCITAMINEAE.
,1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
3-.
7.
Achras sapota, Li7i~.

Bassia butyracea, Roxb.
~'Bassia latifolia, Roxb.
';'Bassia longifolia, Linn.
7.
Bassia malaba,rica,. Bedd.
Chrysophyll\lm roxbur8.
ghii, Don.
';'lVlimusops elengi, Linn.
9.
'~'Mimusops-' hex a n dra,
Roxb.. S,ee:-Mim,usops 10.
indica.
Mimusops indlca, Roxb.
See:-Mimusqps hexan- 11.
dra.
Mimusops kauki, Linn.
12.
lsn. SAXIFRAGACEA.E.
1.
6.
5.
159 .. SAPOTACEAE.-'
1.
,1.
5.
003
Alpinia chinen sis. See:Alpinia khulanjan.

";'Alpinia galanga, Willd. &
Swartz. See :-Alpinia
rheedii.
Alpinia khulanjan, 111.
Sheriff. (pr Alpinia chinensis) .
Alpinia nutans, Roscoe.
See:-Alpinia speciosa.
':'Alpinia a ffi c 1 n a rum,
Hance.
Amomum amarum; Amomum ar6inaticum; Amomum xanthioides: See:Elettalja cardamomum.
Amomum
aromaticutn,
Roxb.
Amomum galanga, See:Alplnia galanga.
Amomum mal e gueta,
Roscoe.
Amomum subula tum,
Roxb. See:-Elettaria major'.
Amomum
xanthioides,
WalL
Amomum zerumbet, See:

-Curcuma zedoaria.
13. ';'Canna lni:lica, Linn. or
Canna orientalis.
14. CaIJna orientalis.
15. Cardamomum magus, or
cardamamon magu.s?
604
16. *Costus speciosus, Sm. 35; *M usa sapientum, O.

See:-Haplotaxis costus ...
Kuntze. & Linn. Same as
M. paradisiaca.
17. *Curcuma ama.cIa, Linn. or
Roxb. 0;1." Curcuma matico. 36. *Ravenala madagascariensis.
18. Curcuma
angustifolia,
Roxb.
. 37. Rascoea purpurea, Royle.
cassumunar,
19. *Curcuma a rom a tica, 38. *Zingiber
Roxb.
See:- Zingiber
Salisb. Same as Curcuma
purpureum; Zingiber clif]onga.
fordii.
20. Curcuma caesia, Roxb:
Zingiber cliffordii. See:S~:-Cur_cumR 1 o. n g a, 39.
Zingiber casSumu n a 1',
Roxb.
Roxb. Zingiber purpu21. Curcuma longa, Linn. &
reum.
Roxb.
22. Curcuma zedoaria, Rosc. 40. *Zingiber officina lis or offi.
cinale, Roscoe.
or Curcuma zerumbet; or
41. Zingiber purpureum. See:
Amomum zerumbet.
-Zingiber cassumunar,
23. *Elettaria cardamomum,
Roxb. Zingiber cliffordii.
Maton. See:- Elettaria 42. Zingiber zerumbet, Rose
repens; Alpinia cardamo& Smith. Use same as Z~
mum.
officinalis.
24. Elettaria major, See:Amomum subulatum.
162. SCROPHULARI25. Elettaria repens, Se~:
ACEAE. or
SCROPHULARI26. Hedychium spica tum,
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Ham.
Hitchenia caulina, BakeL
Kaempferia angustifolia,
.Rose.
Kaempferia gal a n. g a,
Linn.
Kaempferia longa, See:Kaempferia r 0 it u n d a,
Linn.
*Kaempferia rot u n d a,
Linn. See:-Kaempferia
longa.
.arundinacea,
*Matanta
L'in.n.
Maranta galanga, See:Alpinia galanga.
*Musa paradisiaca, Linn.
See:-Musa
sapienj:um,
Kuntze..
NEAE'
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10~
Anagallis arvensis, Linn.

See:-Veronica anagallis.
Artanema
sesamoides,
Benth &. Wight.
'~Bonnaya
veronicaefolia.
Wight & Spreng. See:Bonnaya rep,tans; Ilysanthes reptans.
Celsia cauc9!S~ca, Willd.
Celsia cinnamomea, Lindl.
Celsia
cdromandeliana,
VahZ: & Wig'ht._
Cu,ranga amara, Juss.
'~Digitalis purpurea, Linn.
*Dopatrium j u n c e u m,
Hq.m.
lobelioides,
Dopatrium
Benth.
INDEX
11.
Dopatrium
nudicaule,
605
30. *Scoparia dulcis, Lin.n.
31.
Sopubia . delphinifolia, G.
Don. See:-Andropogon
12. ';'Herpestis monnieria, H. B.
& K. See:- Herpestls
halepensis.
'
cuncifolia; Gratiola mon- 32. *Stemodia viscosa, Roxb.
nieria.
& Wight.
13. *I1lysanthes parvi fl 0 r a, 33. ':'Striga
orobanchioides,
Ham.
BentTi.
14.
Benth.
Lathraea s qua maria,
Lin?t.
]5. ';'Limnophila elongata, See:
-Limnophila
grafioloides; Limnophila intermedia.
16. Limnophila gratioloides,
R. Br. See:-Limnophila
gratissima; Limnophila intermwia; & Limnophila
elongata.
17. Limnophila
gratissima,
Blume & Bijdr. Same as
L. gratioloides.
18. Limnophila
intermedia,
See:-Limnpphila gratioloides; Limnophila elongata
19. Limonia scandens, See:Luvunga scandens.
20. ,Linaria cirrhosa, Hk.
21. Linaria cymbalaria, IVlill.
22. Linaria minor, Desf.
23. Linaria ramosissima, Wall
34. *Torenia asiatica, Linn.

35. Vandellia erecta, Eenth.
See:-Vandellia pyxida-
ria.
36.
Vandellia
pedanculata,
Benth. Use same as V.

37.
38.
39.
roxburghii.
Verbascum thapsus, Linn.
Veronica arven~is, Linn.
Veronica
beccabunga,
40.
Veronica
Linn.
hederaefolia,
Linn.
162a. SIMAROUBACEAE.
& Wight.
24. ';'Moniera c u n e i folia,
Michx. See:- Herpestis
monnieria.
25. Pedicularis comosa, Linn.
1. ';'Ailanthus excels a, Roxb.

2. Ailanthus
glandulosa,
Desf.
3. Ailanthus
malabarica,
DC.
4. Balanites aegyptiaca, De~.
See:-Balanites roxburghii; Ximenia aegyptiaca;
Ximenia aqulhalid; Xime~
nia ferox; Aquialida roxburghii; Balanites ferox.
5. Balanites indica.
26.
6.
Pedicularis
pectinata,
27.
Pedicularis
siphonantha,
Don.
Balanites
x burghii,
Pla.nch. See:- Balani.tes
Wall.
28.
Picrorrhiza k u r r (), 0 a,
Benth.
7.
8.
29.
Schweinfurthia" sphaerocarpa, A. Braun. See:Antirrhinum glaucum.
9.
aegyptiaca; Balanites indica.

Eurycoma longifolia, Jack.
Picrasma excelsa, Swartz.
& Planchon. See:-Quassia excelsa.
Picrasma javanica, Blume.
600
10.
Picrasma
nephalensis,
Renn.
11. Picrasma
quassioides,
Benn. See:-Nima qu~s" sioides; Simaba qua~sioides; Simaruba quassioides.
12. Quassia excelsa, or Quassia amara. See:-Picrasrna excelsa; Simaruba ex~ celsa.
13. Samadera indica, Gael"tn.
See:-;-Samadera pent~pe
tala.
14. Samadera lucida, Wall.
See:-Samadera indica.
15. Samadera
pentapetala,
See:-S'amadera indicai
Samadera lucida.
16. Simaruba exc,elsa, See:Quassia excelsa, Picrasma
excelsa.
17. Simaruba
quassioide~,
See:-Picrasma quassioi, des; Nima quassioides.
18. Ximenia aegyptiaca, Linn.
See:-Balanites roxburghii, Planch.
Balanites
aegyptiaca, DeL.
19. Caulerpa crassifolia, and
its other species.
5.
163. SOLANACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
Atropa acuminata, See:Atropa mandragora; Mandragora officinarum; Man- 20.

dragora autumnalis; Mandragora vernalis.
21.
Atropa belladonna, Linn.
Atropa mandragora, See:
-Atropa a c u m~:rata;
Mandragora autumnalis;
Mandragora v e r nalis; 22.
Mandragora officinarum.
Capsicum a b b r e vj a t a, 2~.
Fi1tgerh.
,.
Capsicum a c u minata.
Fingerh.
*Capsicum annum, Linn.
& Capsicum frutescens.
Capsicum baccata, Trish,
or Capsicum baccaium.
Capsicum cerasiforme, 01Capsicum cerasiformis?
Lamk. or Lank. or Bailey.
Capsicum fastigiatum.
*Capsicum f r u tescens,
Unn.
See:- Capsicum
minimum.
Capsicum grossum, Willd.
BaiLey.
'
Capsicum longum, Bailey.
CapsIcum. min i mum,
Roxb. See:- Capsicum
frutescens.
Capsicum nepalens, or
Capsicum nepaleanse.
*Datura alba,
Ness &
Wight. See:~Datura fastuosa; Datura nigra (Stramonium); Datura. metal;
Datura nilhuIIUfi~tu.
*Datura fastuosa, Linn. &
Wight. See:-D a t u r a
alba.
~atura metal, Linn.
' ::'Datura stramonium, Linn.
Hyoscyamus ins a nus,
Linn. See:-Hyoscyamus
muticus, Linn.
Hyoscyamus m uti cus,
Linn. & lIfunt. or Hyoscyamus in,$anus.
Hyoscyamus niger,' Linn.
See:- Hyoscyamus aur~ns; Hyoscyamus reticularis.
Hyoscyamus p' u s i 1 u s,
Linn.
Hyoscyamus reticula~us,
Linn.
or
1
r
INDEX
24.
26.
27.
28.
29.
Lycium barbarum, Linn.

See:- Lycium
europaeum.
Lycium europae~m, Linn.
See:-Ly(.!ium barbarum.
*Lycopersicum
esculentum, Mill. See:-Solanum Iycopersicum.
Mandragora autumnalis,
See:-l\~dragora officinarum; Mandragora vernalis; Atropa acuminata;
Atropa mandragora.
Mandragora officinarum~
Linn .Mandragora autum- I
nalis; Mandragora vernalis; or Atropa acUminata;
or Atropa maI1dragora.
Mandragora vernalis, See:
-Mandragora
officinaruin; Mandragora autumnalis.
phy~aioid~s,
30. ;~Nicandra
Gaertn.
31. Nieotiana persica, See:Nicotiana tabacum, Linn.
Nicotiana h a v a nensis;
~aq.
Nicotiana rustica,
Linn.
32. Nicotiana rustiea, Linn.
Similar to N. havanensis;
N. tabacum; N. persica.
.33. *Nicotiana tabaeum, Linn .
See:-Nicotiana rustica,
& Nicotiana havanensis;
Nieotiana persiea.
34. Physalis alkekenji, Linn.
35. Physalis flexuosa, Linn.
See:-Wtthania
somnifera, Dun. & Physalis
somnifera.
36. Physalis indica, C" B.
Clarke.
See:-Physalis
minima, Linn.
37. *Physalis minima, Linn.
See:-Physalis indica.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
607
Physalis peruviana, Linn',

Physalis somnifera, Linn.
Donal.
See':-Withania
somnifera.
Physoehlaina
praealta"
Hook.
Puneeria c 0 a g u I a n s,
Stocks & Wight. See:Wit han i a coagulans,
Dunal.
Scopolia lurida, DunaJ.
Scopola proealta, Dunal.
Solanum diffusum. See:-Solanum jacquinii; Solanum xanthocarpum; Solanum virginionum.
Solanum d u 1 c 'am a 1.' a,
Linn.
Solanum esculeritum.
Solanum ferox, Linn &
Wight.
Solanum gracilipes, Dcne.
. S.ofanum incertum, See:-Solanum nigrum; Solanum rubrum.
*Solanum indicum, Linn.
& Wight.
*Solanum jacquinii, See:~,
Solanum xanthocarpum;
Solanum virginionum; &
Solanum diffusum; Solanum trilobatum.
Solanum
lyeopersicum,
Linn.
See:-Lycopersicum esculantum, Mill.
*S 0 I an u m m,elongena,
Linn.
Solanum nigrum, Linn.
See:-Solanum rubrum;
& Solanum ineertum.
Solanum rubrum, Mm. &
Wight. See:-S 0 1 an u ill
nigrum.
Solanum spirale, Roxb.
Solanum
;trilobatum,
Linn. & Wight.
THE INDIAN MA TERlA MEDICA
.58. *Solanum tuberosum.

12. Pterospermum suberifolium, Lam. See:-Pteros.59. ';'Solanum verbascifoliU:m,
permum canescens.
Linn. & Wight.
acuminata,
,60. Solanum
vlrgmlOnum, 13. Sterculia
See:-Cola acuminata.
See:-Solanum jacquinii;
Sterculia: alata, ROJ:b.
Solan~m xanthocarpulp; 14.
See:-Pterygota alata.
Solanum diffusum.
61. *Solapum xanthocarpum, 15. *Sterculia foetida, Linn.
scaphigera
Linn. & Schrad. & Wemil. 16. Sterculia
See:-Scaphiu~
Wall.
See:-Solanum jacquinii;
wallichii, Schott. & Endl.
Solanum
virginionum;
Solanum diffisuIDj Sola- 17. ~'Sterculia urens, Roo.:b.
18. *Theobroma cacao, Linn.
num trilobatum.
62. Wnhania
~oagulans,
Dunal.
See:-Puneeria 165. STYR,a,CEAE.
coagulans
Stocks
&
1. Styrax benzoin, Dryctnd.
Wigb,t.
See:-Hopea racem05a.
. 63. '~W i t han i a somnifera,
2.
Styrax Hookeri, Clarke.
Dunal.
See:-Physalis
3. Styrax officinale, Linn.
somnifera; Physalis flex4. Styrax serrulatum, Roxb.
uosa.
164.. STERCULIACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Abroma augusta, Linn.

or Abroma fastuosa; or
Abroma fa~tuosum, Linn.
*Cpla acuminata, (Beauv.)
Schott.
Cola vera.
Eriolaena
quinquelocucularis, Wight.
';'Guazuma
tomen tosa,
H.B. & K. & Kunth.
Helicteres is ora, Linn.
*Melochia
corchorifolia,
Linn. See:-Riedleia corchorifolia.
Pentapetes
phoenicea,
Linn.
Pterospermum
acerifolium, Willd.
Pterospermum
glabrescens.
,Pterospermum
heyneanum, Wall.
,.
166. SYMPLOCACEAE.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Symplocos
beddomei,
See:-Hopea
racemosa,
Styrax b~nzoin, Dryand,
Symplocos crataegoides,
Ham.
Symplocos
racemosa,
Roxb. See:-SymplocOB
theofolia.
Symplocos
theofolia,
See:-Symplocos
racemosa, Roxb.
167. TACCACEAE.
1.
2.
Tacca
a~era,
See:-Tacca lavis;
pinnatifida. .
Tacca: -lavis, Rox15.
Tacca
aspera,
Tacca pinnatifida.
Roxb.
Tacca
See:Roxb.
168. TAMARICACEAE.
L
Myricaria elegans, Royle.
1,
INDEX
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Tamarix articulata, Vahl.

Se{!:-Tamarix orientalis,
& Tamarix dioica.
Tamarix dioica, Roxb.
See:-Tamarix
gallica;
& Tamarix articulata.
Tamarix gallica, Dyer or
Linn or Wight. See:Tamarix indica; Tamarix
dioica; Tamarix troupii.
Tamarix indica, See:Tamarix gallica.
Tamarix orientalis, See:--.Tamarix articulata, Vahl.
112. TILIACEAE.
1. Corchorus
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
169. TAMARISOINEAE.
1.
Reaumuri<;l hypericoides,
Willd.
7.
8.
110. TERNSTROEMIA
CEAE.
9.
Camellia
thea,
Link.
See:-Camenia theifera; 10.
Camellia theasinensis.
Camellia theifera, Griff
& Hook, See:-Camellia
11.
thea.
Gordonia obtusa, Wall.
'Schima wallachii, Chois.
Thea assamica,' See:Camellia thea, or Camel- 12,
lia theifera, Linrn, Hook
13.
& Griff.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
111. THYMELACACEAE.
14.
Aquilaria agallocha, Roxb 15.

See:-Aquilaria ovata.
2. Daphne oleoides, Schreib.
See:-1;:>aphne'
muchro- ~6.
nata.
3. Lasiosiphon eriocephalus
-Dcne. See:-Gnidia eriocephala. Gnidia sispa- 17,
rensis.
1.
39
609
antichorus,'
Raeusch. See:-Corchorus depressus.
Corchorus
capsularis,
Linn. & Corchorus trilocularis.
Corchorus clitorius, Linn.
Corchorus
fascicularis,
Lam.
ttilocularis,
Corchoru~
Linn.
ganitrus,
*Elaeocarpus
Roxb.
Elaeocarpus
oblongus.
Gaertn.
Elaeocarpus
serratlfs,
Linn.
Elaeocarpus tuberculatus,
Roxb.
See:-Monocera
tubercula tao
*Grewia asistica,
Linn.
See:-Grewia
elastica;
Grewia tiliaefolia; Grewia vestita.
Grewia elastica, Var:See:-Grewia.
asiatica;
Grewia vestita; Grewia
tiliaefolia.
Gr.ewia hirsuta,
Vahl.
See:-Grewia polygama.
Grewia lancifolia, See:Grewia polygama.
Grewia inicrocos, Linn.
See:-Grewia umifolia.
Grewia orbiculata, G.
Don. See:-Grewia viIlosa.
Grewia polygama, Roxb.
-& Mast. Se{!:;_Grewia
lancifolia; & Grewia hirsuta.
Grewia salvifolia, See:Alangium decapetalum.
610
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
THE INDIAl'oi MATERIA MEDICA
11.
Grewia
scabrophyl~~,
Roxb. See:-Grewia sclerophylla.
I
*Grewia tiliaefolia, Va(1l.
See:-Grewia asiatica. .
12.
Grewia vestitcr, See:~
Grewia asiatica; Grewia
elastica; GI1ewia tiliaefolia.
Grewia villosa, WilW.
See:-Grewia orbiculata.
*Triumfetta rhom~idea, 13.
Jacq.
See:-bartramla,
14.
Linn.
173. TYPHACEAE.
1.
15.
Typha angustifolia, Linn.
174. UMBELLIFERAE.
1.
Anethum
foeniculum,
See:-Foeniculum
vulgare.
graveolens,
2. Anethum
Linn. See:-P,eucedanum
graveolens.
3. Anethum sowa, Roxb.
See:-Peucedanum sowa.
KU'rz. Peucedanum graveoleris.
trifoliatum.
4 .. Anethum
See:-Pimpinella anisum.
5. Angelica glauca, Edgew.
cerefolium,
6. Anthriscus
Hoffman.
7. Apium graveolens, Linn.
petroselinum.
8. Apium
See:-Petroselinum sativum, Lirm.
9. Carum ajowan or C.
copticum, or carum roxburgianum. See:-Piychotis ajowan.
bulbocastanum,
10. Carum
Koch. Similar ,to C.
carui.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
,26.
Carum carui or C. carvi,

B. P. Linn. See:-C.
nigrum;. C. gracile. See:Nigella sativa.
Carum copticum, Benth
& Hook. See:-Ammi
copticum; Carum roxburghianum.
P,tychotis
ajowan; Ptychotis coptica;
Ptychotis roxburghianum.
Carum gracile. See:-;Nigella sativa.
Carum nigrum. See:Nigella sativa.
Carum r9xburghiall~lm,
Benth. See:-Carum copticum; Ammi copticum;
Ptychotis ajowan; Ptychotis coptica; 'Ptychotis roxburghianum; Apium in-
volocratum.
Centella asiatica, Urban.
Conium maculatum, Linn.
Coriandrum sat i v u m,
Linn.
Cu$um
cyminum,
Linn. See:-Carum carui.
Cuminum nigrum, See:Nigella sativa.
Daucus
carota,
Linn.
See:-Daucus vulgaris.
Dorema
ammoniacum,
Don. See:-:-D 0 rem a
aureum; Dorema
gla.brum; Ferula orieptalis;
Ferula tifigitana.
Dorema aureum, Stocks.
resembles- D. ammoniacum.
Eryngium
coeruleum,
Bieb"
Ferula alliacea,
Boiss.
Same as Ferula foetida.
Ferula
asafoetida;
F.
foetida; Ferula alliaceae;
r,
INDEX
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
F. narthex; Ferula scorodosma.

Ferula foetida,
Regal.
Same as F. alliaceae.
Ferula galbaniflua, Boiss
et Bushe.
Fer u I a jaeschkeana,
Vatke. See:-Ferula foetidissima, Vatke.
F1erula. narthex,
Boiss.
Same as Ferula galbanilava. See:-Narthex asafoetida.
F,erula orientalis, Linn ..
or Ferula tingitana, or
Dorema ammoniacum, or
D. glabrum.
Ferula suaveolens.
Ferula sumbul, Hook.
same as Ferula nar.thex;
See:-Nardostachys jatamansi. Narda spica; Nardus indicus; Valeriana
jatamansi.
Foeniculam panmorium,
~ee:-Anethum
panmorium.
Foe n i cuI u m vulgare,
Gaertn.
See:-Foeniculum
canillaceum,
&
Anethum
foeniculum;
Anethum panmorium.
Hydrocotyle asiatica, Linn.
Hydrocotyle r:otundifolia,
Roxb.
,Ligusticum
diffusum,
Roxb: See:-Seseli indicum.
Narthex asafoetida, Falc.
See:-Ferula asafoetida;
F. narthex; Ferula foetida; F. alliac~ae; Ferula
scorodosma.
Opopanax chi ronium,
Koch.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48..
49.
50.
51.
52.
611
Peteroselinum hortense,
Hoffm. See:-Peteroselinum sativum.
P'eteroselinum
sativum,
Hoff.
Puecedanum grande, C.
B. Clarke. See:---;Pastinaca grande.
Ptiecedanum graveolens,
Benth & Hook. See:Anethum sowa.
Pimpinella ani sum, Linn.
See:-Illicium v e rum,
Hook
Pimpinella
heyneana,
Wall.
Pimpinella s a x i fraga,
. Linn. Var:-Distaschyfolia, C. B. Clar.klZ.
Prangos pabl,lla.ria, Lindl.
Psammogeton biternatum t
Edgw.
Ptychotis ajowan, D.C_
Ptychotis coptica; Ptychotis roxburgianum. See:Carum copticum; Carum
Toxburgianum; A m m i
copticum.
Seseli indicum, W. & A.
See:~Ligusticum
diffusum, Roxb.
Tra~hydium
lehmanni,
Benth.
175. URTICACEAE.
1. ':'Antiaris toxlcaria, Lesch.
2. Artocarpus blumei.
3. ':'Ar,tocarpus h irs uta,
Lamk.
4. ':'Artocarpus incisa..
5. ':'Artocarpus
integrifolia,
Linn.
6. ':'Artocarpus I a k 0 0 cha,
Roxb.
7. Artocarpus parvifolia.
612
8.
Cannabis indica, See:Cannabis sativa.

9. Cannabis sativa, Linn. sJe:
-Cannabis indica.
10. *Celtis orientalis, Linn. I
11. *Celtis reticulata, Hk. f.l&
T.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
*Debregeasia velutina.
*Dorstenia indica, Wall.
*Ficus arbutifolia.
*Ficus arnottiana, Miq.
Ficus asperiima, Roxb.
*Ficus bengalensis, Linn.
See:-Urostigma bengalense; Ficus indica.
18. Ficus benjamina, Linn.
or Ficus comosa; or Ficus
retusa.
19. *Ficus carica, Linn. See:Psidium pomiferum.
20. Ficus comosa, See:--:Ficus benjamina.
21. Ficus cunia, Ham. See:;_.
Ficus conglomerata.
22. Ficus daemona, See:. Ficus hispida.
23. Ficus dalhousiae; Miq.
24. *Ficus elastica, Rqxb.
25. *Ficus gibbosa, Blume.
. See:-Ficus tuberculata.
26. *Ficus glomerata, Roxb.
27. Ficus heterophylla, Linn.
See:-Ficus scabrella.
28. Ficus, hispi~a, Lin~. See:Ficus daemona; Ficus oppositifolia.
29. Ficus indica, See:-Ficus
bengcilensis.
30. *Ficus infectoria, Roxb.
See:-Ficus lacOr.
31. Ficus oppositifolia, ,Willd.
See:-Ficus hispida.
32. Ficus palmata:, Forsk.
See':-Ficus virgata.
33. Ficus racemosa, It See:Ficus gloinerata. ,
34. *Ficus religiosa, Linn

See:-U r 0 s tig ma religiosum.
35. *Ficus retusa, Linn. See:-Ficus benjamina.
36. Ficus ribes,'Reinw.
37. *Ficus 'rumphii, Blume.
See:-Ficus cordifolia.
38. *Ficus talboti, King.
39. Ficus tjakela, See:-Ficus
infectoria.
40. *Ficus tsiela, Roxb.
41. Girardinia heterophylla,
Dcne. Geronniera reticulata, Tkwaites. Geronniera zeylanica.
42. *Gironniera
reticulata,
Thw.
43. *Holoptelea
integrifolia,
Planck. See:-Ulmus integrlfolia.
44. Humulus lupulus, Linn.
45. *Laportea crenulata, Gaud.
See:-Urtica crenulata .
46, *Morus alba, Linn. or
Morus
indica; -Morus
parviflora.
47. *Morus indica, Linn. See:Morus alba; Morus parviflora.
48. Morlls nigra, Linn.,
,49. Morus parviflora. ,See:Morus alba; Morus '~ndica.
50. *Pouzolzia indica, Gaud.
See:-Pouzolzia diffusa;
Pouzolzia
procumbens;
Urtica al'fenata.
51. *Streblus, 'asper, Laur. &
Linn. See:-Epicarpurus
orientalis, &, Trophis aspera.
52. *Ttema orientalis, Blume.
53. Trophis aspera, See:Streblus asper, Linn. Epicarpurus orientalis.
1
f
INDEX
613
54. *Ulmus campestris, Linn.

10.
55. Urostigma
bengalense,.
Gasp. See:-Ficus bengalensis, Linn.
56. Urtica dioica, Linn.
11.
57. Urtica parviflora, Roxb.
Valeriana
sambucifolia,
Mik. See:-Valeriana officinalis, Linn. Valerian a
mikanii, Syme.
Valeriana wallichii, DC.
See:-Valeriana
hardwickii; Valeriana leschinaultii; Valerian a brunoniana.
116. VALERIANACEAE.
1.
Narda spica, See:-Nardostachys jatamansi. See:

Patrinia jatamansi, Val~
riana jatamansi, Valeriana spica.
1a. N ardostachys grandiflora:
2. N ardostachys jatamansi,
DC. See:-Ferula sumbul. Hook. Narda spica;
Nardus indicus; Valeriana jatamansi.
3. Valerian a brunoniana, W.
&
A. See:-Valeriana
wallichii, DC. Valeriana
leschenaultii, DC.
4. Valeriana celtica, Linn.
Valeriana jatamanshi, DC.
NardoStachys jatamanshi.
5. Valeriana
hardwickii,
Wall.
6. Valeriana jatamansi; DC.
See:-Valeriana celtica,
Linn. N ardostachys jatamanshi, DC.
7. Valeriana
leschenaultii,
DC. See:-Va1eriana wallichii,
DC.
Valeriana
brunoniana.
8. Valerian a mikanii, Syme.
See:-Valeriana officinalis, Linn. Valeriana sambucifolia, Mik.
9. Valerian a officmalis, (B.
P.) Linn. See:-Valeriana
mikanii, Syme. ValerianCi'
sambucifolia, Mik.
111. VERBENACEAE.
1. *A vic e n n i a officinalis,
Linn.
'2. Avicennia
tomentosa,
Roxb. & J aeq.
3. Callicarpa
americana,
See:-Callicarpa lanata.
4. Callicarpa arborea, Roxb.
5. Callicarpa cana,
Linn.
6. *Callicarpa lanata, Lintn.
See:-Callicarpa
wallichiana, or Callicarpa cana
or Callicarpa tomentosa,
or Callicarpa americana.
7. Callicarpa macrophylla,
Vahl.
See:-Callicarpa
lanata.,
8. Callicarpa
tomentosa,
9. Callicarpa
wallichiana,
Walp.
See:-Callicarpa
lanata.
10. *Clerodendron
inerme,
Gaertn. or Clerodendron
n e r i i f 0 li u m, See:Valkemerilf merme.
11. Clerodendron in'orltunatum, Gaertn. & Linn.
12. Clerodendron phlomoides,
or Clerodendron phlomidis. Linn & Willd. See:Valkemeria multiflora.
13. Clemdendron serratum,
Spreng. or Clerodendron
serratifolium.
614
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Clerodendron siphonanthus, R.Br. See:-Prenina

herbacea.
*Gmelina arborea, Roxb.
I
*Gmelina asiatica, Linn.
See:-Gmelina parviflora.
Gmelina parviflora, See:-Gmelina asiatica.
Lantana acule'ata, Linn.
See:-Lantana
,camara,
Linn.
*Lantana camara, Linn.
See:-Lantana aculea'ta.
Lantana indica, Roxb. &
Wight.
*Lippia nodiflora, Mich.
Premna esculenta, Roxb.
Premna herbacea', Roxb.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
Vitex le~coxylon, Lin:n.

See:-Wallrothia leucoxyIon.
*Vitex negundo,
Linn.
See:-Vitex panicula:ta.
Vitex paniculata, See:Vitex negundo, Linn.
Vitex peduncularis, Wall.
Se<=:-P has e 0 Ius roxburghii? or Putranjiva
roxburghii?
Vitex trifolia, Linn.
178. VIOLACEAE.
1.
Ionidium suffruticosum,
Ging. See:-Viola suffroticosa, Ionidium enneaspermum.
Viola cinerea, Boiss. See:Viola stocksii; V. serpens., Use same as' V.
odorata.
Viola odorata, Linn.
Viola
serpens,
Wall.
See:-Viola
ci n er ea,
Boiss.
Viola tricolor, Linn.
2.
Premna integrifolia, Linn.
or
Premna
spinosa.
See:-Premna
sarrati3.
folia.
4.
25. Premna Iatifolia, Roxb.
& Wight.
26. Premna mucronata, Roxb.
5.
27. Premna serratifolia, Linn.
See:-Premna
spinosa;
179. VITACEAE.
28. Premna spinosa, See:- 1. Ampelocissus arnotiana,
Premna integrifolia, Linn.
See:-Vitis indica, Linn.
Premna serratifolia, Linn.
2. Cissus adanata, or Cissus
29. Premna tomentosa, Willd.,
quadrangularis, & Cissus
setosa; See:-Vitis ada30., *Tectona grandis, Linn.
nata.
,30a. VaIkemeria inerme, Linn.
3', Cissus
I""'quadrangularis,
See:-Clerodendron inLinn.
See:-Vitis
quaderme, R. Br. & Gaertn.
rangularis.~
31. Valkemeria
multiflora,
setOsa~
Roxb.
See:-Clerodendron, phlo- 4. Cissus
See:-Vitis setosa.
moides, Linn.
5. ,Leea/aequata, Linn. See:-31a. Verbena officinalis, Linn.
Leea hirta, Rox.
32. Vitex agnus-castus, Linn.
6. Leea crispa, Linn.
17. Leea hirta, Roxb. See:33. Vitex glabrata, R. Br.
34. Vitex latifolia. ."~ t.:.:
Leea aequata, Linn.
24.
INDEX
615
8. *Leea macrophylla, Roxb. 22. Vitis tomentosa, Heyne.

9. Leea robusta, Roxb. See:- 23. Vitis trifolia, C. Ke. See:Leea diffusa.
Vitis carnosa, Walr.
10. Leea sambucina, Willd.
24.
*Vitis
vinifera, Linn.
See:-Leea
stayphylea.
Leea indica.
11. Leea staphylea;
Roxb. 180. XYRIDACEAE.
See: -Leea
sambucina
Leea indica.
1. Xyris anceps, Lamk.
12. Staphylea indica, Roxb.
2. Xyris indica, Linn.
See:-Leea indica.
13. Vitis adnata, WaU, See:Vitis setosa.
181. ZYGOPHYLLA
14. Vitis araneosa, Laws or
CEAE.
Dalz. See:-Atnpelocissus
araneosa.
1. Fagonia arabica, Linn.
15. Vitis carnosa, Wall. See:-See:-Fagonia cretica; F.
Vitis trifolia; Cayratia
bruguleri;
F. mysorensis.
carnosa.
16. Vitis indica, Linn, See:- 2. Fagonia bruguieri, DC.
See:-Fagonia cretica.
Ampelocissus arnotia'na.
3. Fagonia cretica, Linn.
17. *yitis latifolia, Roxb. See:See:-Fagonia bruguieri;
Ampelocissus latifolia.
Fagonia
arabica; & Fago18. Vitis pallida, W. & A.
nia
mysorensis.
See:-Cissus pallida W.
4. Fagonia mysorensis.
&A.
19. Vitis pedata, Vakl. See:- 5. Tribulus alatus, Delile.
Use same as T. terrestris,
Columella pedata; Cissus
Linn.
pedata & Cayratia pedata.
6. Tribuhis
lenuginosus,
20. *Vitis
quadrangularis,
See:-Tribulus terrestris,
Wall. See:-Lycopodium
Linn. Tribulus zeylanicus.
imbricatum:
HeliotroHygrophila terrestris.
pium
indicum, Linn.
7. Tribulus terrestris, Li.n-n.
(N. O. Bor,oginaceae).
Tribulus lenuginosus; TriCissus_ . quadrangularis;.
bulus zeylanicus. See:Cissus edulis.
Hygrophila terrestris.
21. *Vitis setosa, Wall. See:8. *Zygophyllum
simplex,
Cissus setosa; Cissus corLinn.
data; Vitis adnata.
INDEX-LIST OF NATURAL ORDERS. GENERA &

FAMILIES. APPEARING IN THIS BOOK. WITH
THEIR RESPECTIVE ALTERNATIVES. ENGLISH
. AND INDIAN EQUIVALENT NAMES.
Natural OrderS, Genera
and Family Names.
1.
English
Families.
.!'~.::anthaceae.
Acanthads or Adusa.
Acanthus.
Weeds.
2. Aizoaceae.
3. Alangiaceae.
4. Algae.
5. Alismaceae.
6. Amaranthaceae, or
Amarantaceae.
7. A~;aryllidaceae, or
AmaI'y llideae.
8. Anacardiaceae.
Annonac~ae, or
Anonaceae.
10. Apocynaceae.
11. Araceae, or
Aroidaceae.
12. Araliaceae.
13. Aristolochiace~e, or
Aristolochiae.
14. Aroideae, See:Araceae.
15. Asclepiadacea~, or
Asclepiadeae.
16. Ascomycetes.
17. Balsaminaceae.
18. Begoniaceae, or
Begomaceae.
19. Berberidaceae, or.
Berberideae.
20. Betulaceae.
21. Bignoniaceae, See:Begoniaceae, etc.~
22. Bixaceae, or .0-.'
9.
;.
Indian
orders.
Sea-weeds.
Cpjnai-ghas.
Amaranths.
Cholai-bhaji,
or Aghada.
Sukadarsan.
Amaryllids.
Amaryllus.
Anacards;
Bhilmo or
Terebinths or Kaju.
Sumaes.
Custard-apple.
Dogbanes.
Arads, or
Arums.
Ginseng.
Birthworts.
Satavari.
:N,ra,danmasta,
or Surana.
1Vlilkweeds.
Upalasari.
Jewel-weed.
Sapasana, or
Kidamara.
',<
Barberry,.
Daruhalada
Birch;
rrumpetcreeper.
Chaulmogra.
Kesari.
r
INDEX
Natural Or\!lers, Genera

and Family Names.
23. Bexineae.
24. Bombacaceae.
25. Boraginaceae, or
Boragineae.
26. Bromeliaceae.
27. Burseraceae.
28. Cactaceae.
29. Caesalpinepe, or
Caesalpiniaceae, or
Caesalpinioideae.
(Sub-family of
Leguminosae. )
30. Campanulaceae.
3!. Capparidaceae or
Capparideae .
32. . Caprifoliaceae.
33. Caricaceae.
34. Caryophyllaceae.
35. Casuarinaceae.
36. Celastraceae.
37. Celastrineae.
38. Chenopodiaceae.
39. Chloranthaceae.
40. Cochlospermaceae.
41. Colchicaceae.
42. Combretaceae.
43. Commelinaceae.
44. Compositae.
45.
Coniferae.
46.
47.
Connaraceae.
Convolvulaceae.
48. Cornaceae.
49. Crassulaceae.
50. Crophularineae.
51. Cruciferae.
52. Cucurbitaceae.
53. Cupuliferae.
54. Cycadaceae.
617
English'
Families.
Borages.
Indian
orders.
Gaozabana.
Myrrh.
Cactus.
Bell-flower.
Capparids.
Hurahura.
Honey-suckle.
Papaw.
Staff-tree.
Goose-foot.
Colchicum.
Myrobalans.
Suranjana.
Himaja.
Composites or Sevate.
Thistles.
Gandhabiroja.
Conifers or
or Devadara.
Pines.
Bind weeds or Nishotara.
Morning Glory
Dogwood.
Crucifers, or
Turnips or
Cabbages.
Cucurbits or
Gourd:
RaL
Dodhi.
'618
Natural Orders, Genera

and Family Names.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
Cyperaceae.
Datiscaceae. or
Datisceae.
Dilleniaceae.
Dioscoriaceae.
Dipsaceae, or
Dipsacaceae.
Dipteraceae, or
Dipterocarpeae,
Dipterocarpaceae.
Droseraceae;
.Ebenaceae.
Elaeagnaceae.
Equisetaceae.
Ericaceae.
Erythroxy laceae.
Euphorbiaceae.
Se9,ges:
Akalbars.
Sumatra
camphor.
Gentian.
Geranium.
..;r...,...
>,
Garajan.
Heath.
Coca.
Spurgewords, . Erandi or
or Spruce.
Thuvara.
Gentianaceae.
Geraniaceae.
77. Gnetaceae.
78. Goodemaceae, or
Goodeniaceae.
79. Graminaceae, or
80. Gramineae?
8l. Guttiferae.
Haemodoraceae.
Hamamelidaceae, 'or
Hamamelideae.
84. Helictereae.
85. Hemandiaceae.
86. Hydrocharitacea~.
97. Hydrophyllaceae .. _
Nagarmotha.
Sundew.
Ebony.
Beech.
82.
83.
orders.
Yams.
Teasel.
68. Fagaceae.
69. Ficoidaceae, or
Ficoidae, or
Aizoaceae.
70. Flacourtiaceae.
71. Florideae.
72. Frankeniaceae.
73. Fumeriaceae.
74. Fungi.
75.
76.
Indian
English
Families.
Mushrooms.
Gharekuna: or
Phanasa-amba.
Grasses..
Guttifers, or
Gamboge.
"1
Kokama, or
Mangostine.
INDEX
Natural Orders, Ge;nera

and Family Names.
~3.
Hypericaceae.
Icacinaceae.
Ilicineae.
Iridaceae.
Irideae.
Juglandaceae.
94.
95.
Juncaceae.
Labiatae.
96.
Lauraceae.
~7.
Leguminosae, or
Leguminoseae.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
619
English
Families.
Indian
orders.
Iris.
Walnut &
Hickory.
Labiates or
Mints.
Laurels.
Pulses or
Legu~inous
Tulasi.
Dalchini or
Taja.
Agathia or
Babula.
plants.
98: Lentibulariaceae.
99. Lichenes.
100. Liliaceae.
101. Linaceae.
102. Logoniaceae, or
Loganiaceae.
103. Loranthaceae.
104. Lycopodiaceae.
105. Lythraceae.
106. Magnoliaceae.
107. Malpighiaceae.
108. Malvaceae.
109. Marsiliaceae.
110. Melastomaceae.
111. Meliaceae.
112. Menispermaceae.
113. Mimosaceae, or
Mimoseae, or
Mimosoideae.
(Sub-Family of
Leguminosae) ..
114. Moringaceae.
115. Myricaceae, or
Myriacaceae.
116. Myristicaceae.
Lilyworts, Lily. Eliyo or

Khanda.
Flax.
Loganiads, or Niramali, or
Kuchala.
Logania.
Mistletoe.
Loosestrife.
Magnolia.
Mallow-worts, Bhinda.
Mallow.
Meliads or
Nima.
Mahogany.
Menispermads, Gulavela.
or Moonseeds.
Acacias.
Bayberry.
Nutmegs.
Jaephala.
620
Natw-al Orders, Genera.

and Family Names. \
Ardisiads.
Myrsinaceae, or
Myrsineae.
118. Myrtaceae.
117.
119.
120.
121.
122.
123.
124.
English
Families.
Vavadinga.
Jambu.
Myrtle, or
Myrtleblooms.
Naiadaceae.
N yc:taginaceae.
Nymp'haeaceae.
Ochnaceae.
Oleaceae.
Onagraceae.
Water-lilies.
Poini.
Olive.
Evening
Primrose.
Ophioglossaceae.
Orchids.
Orchideae, or
Orchidaceae.
127. Orobanchaceae.
Sorrels.
128. Oxalidaceae.
129. Palmae, or Palmeae, Palmt>.
Palmaceae, or
Phoenicaceae.
130. Pandanaceae.
Poppy.
131. Papaveraceae.
132. Papilionaceae.
(Sub-family of
Leguminosae. )
Passion
133. Passifloraceae.
Flower.
134. Pedaliaceae (See also Acanthus.
Acanthaceae. )
135. Phytolaccaceae.
.136. Pinaceae. (See also
Coniferae.)
Pepperworts;
137. Piperaceae.
Pepper.
138. Pittosporaceae.
Ribwort,s;
139. Plantaginaceae.
Plantago.
140. Plumbaginaceae.
Milkworts.
141. Polygalaceae.
Buck-wheats,
142. Polygonaceae.
143. Polypodiaceae.
144. Pontederiaceae.
145. Portulacaceae.
I
146. Primulaceae.
Pomegranate.
146a. Punicaceae.
."-.'
125.
126.
~.
}.
indian
orders.
Salamisari.
Sopari.
Pana or
Pipali.
I~poghula.
Gul-i-hamaza.
INDEX
Natural Or'ders, Genera

and Family Names.
147. Renunculaceae.
148. Rhamnaceae, or
Rhamneae.
149. Rhizophoraceae.
150. Rosaceae.
151. Rubiaceae.
152. Rutaceae.
153. Saccharomyces.
154. Salicaceae.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
Salvadoraceae.
Samydaceae.
Santalaceae.
Sapindaceae.
Sapotaceae.
621
English
Families.
Indian
orders.
Crowfoot.
Buc~orn.
Mangrove.
Roseworts;
Rose.
Madders.
Rueworts;
Rue.
Gulaba.
Majitha.
Narangi.
Willows &
Poplars.
Sandalwood.
Soapberry.
Sapotads;
Sapodilla.
Mohava, or
Sapodilla.
160. Saxifragaceae.
16L ' Scitaminaceae, or
Sunta, or
Gingers.
Scitamineae.
Halad.
(See:-Zingibereae, or
Zingiberaceae:)
Bama.
162. Scrophulariaceae, or Figworts.
Scrophularineae.
Ailanthus,
Maharukha.
162a. Simarubaceae, or
Quassiads.
Simaroubaceae.
Night-Shades, Bhuiringani.
163. Solanaceae.
&/orPotato.
Sterculiads, or Muradasinga.
164. Sterculiaceae.
Cola.
165. Styraceae.
Storax.
166. Symplocaceae.
167. Taccaceae.
168. Tamaricaceae.
169. Tamariscineae.
170. Ternstroemiaceae.
Metzereum.
171. Thyrrlelacaceae, or
Thymelaeaceae.
Linden.
172. Tiliaceae.
173. Typhaceae.
Umbellifers, or Ajamoda.
174. Umbelliferae.
Carrots.
622
English
Families.
Natural Ol'ders, Genera,

and Family Names..
175. Urticaceae, or
Urticeae.
176. Valerianaceae.
177. Verbenaceae.
178. Violaceae.
179. Vitaceae, (See:-Ampel~deae) .
180. Xyridaceae.
181. Zygophyllaceae.
Nettleworts;
Nettle.
Valerian.
Verbenes or
Varvains.
Violets.
Grapes.
Indian
orders.
Vada &
PipaL
Nirgundi.
Caltrop.
..
INDEX LIST OF INDIAN PLANTS AND' DRUGS

FROM WHICH MOTHER TINCTURES. AND ,EXTRACTS ETC.. ARE PREPARED ACCORDING TO
THE HOMOEOPATHIC SYSTEM OF MEDICINE.
N. 'B.:-(l) In the doses column .of this Index) "Q" indicates
Mother Tincture.
1. Abroma augusta & Abrorila 'radix.

Preparation: Tender roots and root barks
are chopped and weighed.
Then two parts 'by weight
of alcohol are taken and
after thoroughly mixing' the
mass with one~sixth part of
it, :the rest of alcohol is added. After stirring the whole
well, put it into a widemouthed bottle, and let it
stand eight days in a dark
cool place. The tincture is
then separated by decanting,
straining and then filtering'.
(Class 3, A.H.P.) Tincture
is also prepared with two
parts by weight of alcohol to
one part of leaves. (Class '3
of A. H. P.)
Doses of dilutions or potencies generally

used.
Q: lx, 2x, 3x._

. both kinds.
2. Abrus precatorius.
3. Acacia arabica.
Q: lx, 2x, 3x.
4. Acalypha indica.
Preparation: (1) Fresh plant is macerated with two parts by weight
of aleohol. (2) Tincture of
fresh herbs made with spirits Q: lx, 2x, 3x,
of ether, (3 Oz. to I pint).
6x.
624

used.
5. Acarus calamus.
Q: lx, 2x, 3x.
6. Achyranthes aspera, Linn.

Preparation: Mother tincture is prepared
from ,the juice of the leaves
and branches 'accoI:ding to
the formula I of A. H. P.
7. Adhatoda vasaka: See:-Justicia ad h atoda.
8. Aegle marmelos. (See:-Aegle folia).
Preparation: The half ri~ or unripe fruit
is finely chopped and pound..
ed to a fine pulp and weighed. Then two parts by weight
of alcohol are taken, and
. after thoroughly mixing the
pulp with one-sixth pant of
it, the. rest of the alcohol is
added. After having stirred
the. whole, and having filled
it into a well-stoppered pottle, it is allowed to stand for
eight days in a dark, cool
place. The tinctJ.lre is then
separated
by
decanting,
straining and filt~ring. (Class.
3, A. H. P.). It may also be
prepared according to C~ass
4 of the American Homoeo,.
pathic Pharmacopoeia: when
the half-ripe dried. fruits are
reduced tQ coarse powder .1
and weighed. Then five parts
by ~eight of alcohol are '~,
poured upon it, and having
been put into a well-stopper..;
ed bottle, the mixture is
allowed to reIIl?in eigh't days
in a dark, cool, place, .being
shaken,.. twice .a d<:!y. The
tincture-js then poured off.
INDEX
625

used.
Aegle folia:
strained and filtered.

tinctures are also expressed
by adding two parts of alcohol added to three parts of
leaves ..
9. Ailanthus exce1sa: See:-Ailanthus malabarica.
lx, 2x, 3x,

6,30 & 200
potencies of
both varieties.
Q:
Q: lx, 2x, 3x.
lx, 2x, 3x.
10. Alocasia indica.
Q: lx, 2x, 3x.
11. Aloe vera
12. Amoora rohitaka. See:-Andersonia rohitaka.

,
13. Andersonia rohitaka. See:-Amoora rohi-
taka.
Preparation: The tincture is prepared
from the bark.
lx, 2x, 3x,

6x; 30th potencies'.
Q:
Q: lx, 2x, 3x,

14. Andrographis paniculata.
6x, 30th &
Preparation: Fresh plant is macerated
2(JOth. potenwith two parts by weight of
cies.
alcohol.
15. Argemone maxicana.
Q: 3x,6x.
16. Arjuna terminalia.

17. Arjuna tomentosa.
18. Asoka jonosia. See:-Saraka indica; Jono- Q: of f res h

sia asoka.
plants.
, 19. Asparagus darmentises.
Q: Jx, 2x.
20. Atista indica. See:-Glycosmis pentaphylla.

Preparation: Juice of fresh leaves mixed Q: lx, 2x, 3x, &
6 potencies.
with equal par,ts of alcohol.
&
40
626
THE INDIAJir MATERIA MEDICA
Doses of dilt
tions or potel
cies general]
used.
21. Atista radix.
Preparation: Tinctures: Ilrepared with two
parts by weight of alcohol lx, 3x, 12 & 3
to one part barks of freshly
potencies.
collected roots.
.
"(
r
I
22. Avena sativa.

Preparation: Fresh green plant gathered
in August, is pounded to a
pulp and macerated with
two parts by weight of
alcohol.
23. Azadirachta indica. ~:-Melia azadirachta.
Preparation: Tinctu~e prepared with one
part powdered bark and five
parts by weight of alcohol.
Q: lx, 2x, 3x, 6

30
&
potencies.
20~
24. Blatta orientalis.

PreparatioJ1,: The live cockroach is crushed al1d triturated as und~r
Class' IX of American Homoepathic Pharmacopoeia;
a tincture can be prepared
as under Class IV of the
same Pharmacopoeia. .
25. Blumea odorata.
Q: lx, 2x, 3x.
26. Boerhavia diffusa.

Preparation: For tincture pr~paration, the,,:
white variety only should be'
ust;d.
' =Q.
27. Boerhavia repens.
Preparation: There are two kinds of
punarnava, one with white
and the other with red
flowers. The former is used
in meq,iclne. The whole 'herb
."-
INDEX,
627,

used.
and root are taken. Tinctures expressed by the two
parts of alcohol added to
three parts of the substances.
(Class 2 A. H. P.).
'I
'
Q: Ix.
28. CaesalpiOia bonducella. .Seei:-Q u i n i a

indica.
Preparation: Tinc,ture is prepared with
one part powdeTed seeds and Q: & Ix. '5' to
20 drc;>p doses
. \
five parts by weight of
t wi c e or
alcohol. (Class 4, A. H. P.).
th~ice. i~ai}y.
29. Cajanus mdieus.

30. Calotropis alb.
30a. Cannabis indica, & Cannabis sativa.
30.(b) Calotropis 'gigantea.
Q: lx, 3x.
30.(c) Calotropis .Iactum. (Ghee of Calotropis

gigantea).
Preparation: For preparation the rootbark should be selected from
plants as old as possible in
the hot ordinary weather
and :the bark sh'ould :not be
removed as soon as the root
is dug out, but 24 hours
afterwards, the thick, rough,
corky epidermis of the bark
. '
should be scraped off before the root bark is reduced
to powder. The recentlydried bark, coarsely pulvarised, is triturated 'as directed under Class VII A. H. P.,
or in pr~paring the tinc- Q. tincture 1 to
ture :the root is finely
5 drops per
powdered and, covered with
dose,
three
five parts by weight of alcotimes a day.
hol as di:z:ected under Class
628
v,
A.
Ii. P.

used.
lx, 3x, 6x.
lx, 2x, 3x.
(Trit.)
Q. of
_fresh
plant.
Q, lx, 2x, 3x.
Q:
31. Carica papaya.
.3t. Carum carui.

33. Carum copticum. See:-ptychotis ajow~D'
34. Cassia angustifolia. See:;-Cassia sophera.
35. Cassia sophera. See:-Cassia angustifolia.
36. Cephalandra indica.
Preparation: The entire fresh plant including roots, leaves, fruits,
and barks are chopped anel
pounded to a pulp; is enclosed in a piece of new linen
and subjected to pressure.
The expressed juice is then,
by brisk agitation mingled
with an equal part by weight
of alcohol. The ~ture is
allowed to stand eight days
in a well-stoppered bO!ttle, in
a dark cool. place, and is
then filtered.
Q, lx, 2x, 3x.

Q, lx, 2x, 3x.
Q, lx, 2x, 3x.
Dose of the oil

is from 5 to 6
drops, gradually increased to
"'f bined with 30
drops of cod
Preparation: The powdered seeds oneJ.,. liver oil or prepart with: five parts by, g i v e n
after
weight of' alcohol. If a meals in emulpotency from oil is neces- sion with gum
sary, then take, one drop of: a c a cia and
chaulmoogra oil and nine syrups or in
grains of sugar of milk (ix) milk or com~hich should be triturated ferably in cap-
37. Chaulmoogra odorata. See:Gynocardia odo.rata;

Hydnocarpus wightiana;,
Taraktogenos kurzii; &
Hydoocarpus hetrophiUeas.
INDEX
according to
the A. H. P.
Class. VIII of
38. Clerodendron inenne, or Clerodendron

nerifolium.
629

used.
30' m i\n i m s,
sules.
Q.
39. Clerooendron inforhmatum.

Preparation: Tincture is pr~pared from
. the juice oJ fr~sh leaves
mixed with equal parts of
alcohol by weight.
Q; lx, 2x, 3x, 6

& 30 potencies.
40. Cocculus cordifolius, & Cocculus indica.
Mostiy Q.
41. Coleus aromaticus. See:-Bryophylh:lm C.

Preparation: The juice of the. Ie,aves is
mixed w1th equal parts of
alcohol by weight.
Q .in 10 to 30
drop doses.
-lx, & ext:.;;act.
42 .. Cynodon .dactylon.
Preparation: Fresh juice of the entire
grass (herb) and root stock
is mixed with equal parts of
alcohol by weight.
Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
43. Datura fastuosa.

44. Desmodium gangeticum.
45. Embelia ribes.
Preparation: One part of the dried fruits
(pulverised) with five parts
by weight of alcohol.
Q; ix, 2x, 3x,

6x, 30 potencies.
Q; lx, of fresh
plant.
46. Enthydra fluctuans.

47. Eugenia jambolana. See:-Syzygium jambolanum.
.
48. Eupatorium ayapana. S.ee:-Eupatorium
nerifolia.
Q', Ix , 2x, ax .
630
Doses of dilutions or potencies , generally
used.
49. Feronia elephantum.
~;
fresh
50. Ficus bengalensis; or Ficus indica.
~;
lx, 2x, 3x;
of
fruit.
51. Ficus religiosa.

Preparation: Tincture is prepared from
juice, of' fresh leaves mixed
'
with equal parts of alcohol.
(Class I, A. H. P.).
potenci~s.
~;
lx, 2x, 3x, 6

& 30 potencies.
52. Ficus venosa.
53. ,Gentiana chirata, & Gentiana kurroo;

See:-Swertia chirata; Andrographis' paniculata.
54. Glycosmis pentaphylla; or Atista indica or
Atista radix.
Pre'paration: Juice of fresh leaves is Q; lx, 3x,
mixed with equal parts of
potencies.
alcohol.
54. Glycyrrhiza glabra.
~;
,5.5. Gossypium herbaceum.
~;
56. 'Gymnema sylvestre.
~; lx, 2x, 3x. ,
~7.
of
:plant.
Gynocardia odorata, See:-Hydnocar,puS

"wightiana, or Hydllocarpus hetrophjlleas,
or Taraktogenos kurzii; See:-Chaulmoogra odorata.
fresh
lx, 2x, 3x.
>1
58. Hemidesmus indicus.

Preparation.: Tincture prepared with two ~; lx, 2x, 3x.
parts by, weight of alcoh<]l 6 & 30 potento one part of freshly collectcies.
ed roots.
v
59. Holarrhena antidysentirica; See:-Wrigh.

~._,
-INDEX
631

used.
:. r
tia tinctoria.
Preparation: Tincture. prepared with one
part powdered bark and five
parts by weight of alcohol.
(Class IV, A. H. P.).
Qi lx, 2x, 3x,

& 6 potencies.
60. HydnocarPus series, & Taraktogerios kutzii; Hydnocarpus inebrians; Hydnocarpus

wightiana; Hydnocarpus hetrophilleas.
See:-Gynocardia odorata; Chflulmoogra
odorata.
61. Hydrocotyle asiatica.
Preparation: The whole plant including Q; lx, 2x, 3'X~
leaves, fruits and roots are
6x; 30; 200;
1000.
finely chopped and weighed.
To every three parts, two
parts. by; weight of alcohol
are taken, the whole is mixed together and strained
through a piece of new linen.
,.1
The tincture thus obtained
is allowed to stand eight days
in a well stoppered bottle in
a cool place and then filtered.
'62.
Hydroc~tyle
indica.
63. Hygrophila spinosa.

Preparation: The entire fresh plant with
its roots is macerated with
two parts by weight of alcohol.
lx, 2x, 3x,

6x, 30.
Q;
64. .Jonosia asoka; See:-Saraca indica.

Preparation: The mother tincture should Q; lx, 3x.
be prepared from the dried
bark ac<;ording to Class IV
of American Homoeopathic::
Pharmacopoeia.
65 . .Justicia adhatoda; See:-Adhatoda vasaka.
632

used.
Preparation: Fresh lea~es are macerated Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
with two parts by weight of
alcohol. .
66. Justicia rubrum.

Preparation: As Justicia adhatoda. Dilu- Q; lx, 2x,
tions and potencies used like
J usticia adhatoda.
67. Lathyrus sativus.
3x.
Q; Ix.
68. Leucus aspera.

Preparation: Juice of the entire plant in-
lVIEDICA-67
eluding flowers, roots, and
leaves is mixed with equal
parts of alcohol. (Class I,
A. H. P.).
Q; lx, 3x. Ex-
tract.
69. Leucus cephalotes.

70. Luffa acutangula.
Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
71. Luffa amara.

Preparation: The
tino.ture is prepared lx, 3x, 6.

according to Formula I of
A. H. P.
72. Luffa bindal.

Preparation: In the preparation of the lx, 3x, & 6x.
tincture, Formulae I of
A. H. P., is adopted.
.t'f
73. Makaradhwaja..
Prepamtion: One part by weight of the Trit. lx~ 2x 3x,
6 & 30.
Makaradhwaja to nine parts
by weight of sugar of milk
gives the ix trituration. All'
following triturations are
prepared fwith one, grain of
the preced~ng trituration to
INDEX
633

used.
nine grains of sugar of milk.
74. Melia azadirachta, or Azadirachta indica.
Preparation: The fresh bark is pounded 6, 30, & 200
potencies.
to a pulp and macerated int!;)
two parts by weight of alcohol.
75. Me~spernum. (Ben:-Raktha-Kathalia).
Preparation: Formula No. I of the.A. H. P.
is adopted.
lx, 2x, 3x,

6x.
Q;
76. Mica.
77. Momordica charantia.
Preparation: The leaves of the fresh plant
are chopped and pounded to
a pulp and pressed out in a
piece of new linen. The expressed juice is then, by
brisk agitation, mingled with
an equal part by weight of
alcohol. This mixture is
allowed ,to stand eight days
in a well-stoppered bottle,
in a dark, cool place, and
then filtered.
78. Nerium psidium.
79. Nyctanthes arbortristis.
Preparation: Tincture prepared with two
parts of alcohol added to
three parts of fresh leaves,
which should be finely chopped and weighed.
, 80. Ocimum caryophyllatum.
80a. Ocimum. gratissimum.
Mode of preparation: As Ocimum sanctum.
Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
lx, 3x, 6x.

lx, 3x, 30.

used.
,81. Ocimum influenzmum.
,82. Ocimum sanctum. Ocimum radix (root).
Preparation: Tincture expressed by the

aid of two parts of alcohol
added to three parts of
blooming plant. (Class n,
A.H.P.).
'~3.
Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
Oldenlandia corymbosa, or Oldenlandia

herbacea.
Preparation: Fresh plant is macerated Q; lx, 2x, 3x,
. with two parts by weight of
6x, 30.
alcohol.
:84. Pausinystalia yohimba.
Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
'85. Piper betIe.
Q;
of
plant.
'86. Plumbago rosea.
Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
fresh
:87. Psoralea corylifolia.

Preparatiow,: Pulverised seeds, one part
and five parts of alcohol, (by
weight).
,88. Ptychotis ajowan. See:-Carum capticum. ,,
89. Quinia indica, & Quinia folia.

See :-Caesalpinia bonducella.
Q; lx, 2x,v 3x;
'90. Rauwolfia serpentfua.

,"(
Preparation: Tinctures prepared. with two Q; lx, 2x, .3x.
parts by weight of alcohol to
one part of freshly collected
roots. (Class 3, A. H. P.).
91. Saraca indica, or Jonosia asoka.
Preparation: The mother-tincture is pre- Q; lx, 3x.
pared from. the dried bark:
accordink to Class IV of
INDEX
used.
A.H.P.
92. Sallssurea lappa.
Preparation: One part powdered roots Q.
with five parts by weight of
alcohol.
93. Sesbania aCllleata.
Q; lx, &
tract.
Ex:..
94. Solanum jacquinii, or Solanum xanthocarpum.
95.. SoJ~num xanthocarpum. See:-Solanum

jacquinii.
Preparati01t: The fresh plant including
root is macerated with two
parts by weight of alcohoL
Q; lx, 3x.
96. Swertia chirata. See:-Gentiana chirata;

Gentiana kurroo; Andrographis panicu~
lata.
Preparation: Tinctures expressed by the Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
two parts of alcohol added to
three parts of the entire
plant.
'97. ~yzygillm jambolanllm, or Eugenia jambolana.
Preparation: Tincture is pl'epared from Q; lx, 2x, 3x.
dried seeds according to For-.
mula IV of the A. H. P. .
98. Taraktogmos .kurzii, See:-=-Gynocardia
odorata; Hydnocarpus wightiana; or Hydnocarpus hetrophilleas; Chaulmoogra odorata.
99. Terminalia arjuna..
Preparation: One. part of the dried bark
(pulverised) with five parts
by weight of alcohol. (Class
IV of A. H. P.).
Q; lx, 3x.
636

used.
100. TerminaIia chebula.
Preparation: Tincture is. prepared f,rQm I lx, 3x, 6x, 30
the outer covering of the
potencies.
fruits and seeds according to
Class IV of the A. H. P.
101. Tinospora cordifolia.
Preparation: Tincture is prepared with
one part plant and five parts
by weight of alcohol. (Class
IV of A. H. P.).
Q; lx, 3x, 6x.
102. TribuIus terrestris.

Preparation: Tincture prepared with one
patt powdered root and
fruits and five parts by
weight of alcohol.
10 to 20 drops
of the tincture
3 times daily.
103. Trichosanthes dioica.

Preparation: One part of the roots is
macerated in two parts by
weight of alcohol, according
to Class III of the A. H. P.
Q; lx; 2x, 3x,

6x, 30.
104. Vernonia anthelmintica.

Preparation: One part powdered seeds
with five parts by weight of
alcohol.
105. Vitex negundo.
106. Withania somnifera.
Preparation: Pulverise dried roots of.
Aswagandha; mix it with
alcohol in the preparation
(by weightt) of one to five,.
and place the mixture in a
dryJ cool place for seven
days. Shake it well every
morning and evening. The
tincture js then !loured off.
strained and. filte~d. It is
Q; 3x.
.,:"
INDEX
637

used.
better to wrap the bo,ttle
containing the mixture with
a black broad cloth.
107. Wrightia tillctoria. See:-Holarrhena antidysenterica.

Preparation: The tincture is prepared
with one part of powdered
bark with five parts by
weight of alcohol. Class IV,
A. H. P.
Q; lx, 3x, 6x.
Publications referred.
1. Drugs of Hindoosthan (2nd Edn.) by Dr. S. C. Ghose .
.2. Drugs of India, (4th Edn. 1940) by Dr. D. Chatterjee.
3. Use of Indian Tincture, (1st Edn.) pub. by HomoeoChemical & Pharmaceutical Works, Ltd., Calcutta.
- f"!
INDEX, OF PREPA~ATIONS, COMBINATIONS,

SUBSTANCES AND ALLIED PRODUCTS OF ALL
KINDS APPEARING IN liTHE INDIAN MATERIA
MEDICA":N. B.:-(1) Letters M and A preceding the numbers ill >
this Index stand for Mineral & Ahinial Kingdoms' pages respectively, and plain numbers indicate the 'Ve,getable Kingdom
pages.
(2) A few substances etc., indexed hereunder may be
found index~d in the General Index, of Synonyms, Alkaloids,
Glucoside~, etc., and vice versa, to facilitate cross reference.
(2) Though a very vast number
11idigenous & Foreign
modes of Preparations etc, are extant, Readers will find
samples of the following types and modes of Preparations etc., .
in this book:-
of
1. Abhrakams.
2. Abhras.
3. Amritas.
4. Anjanas or Anjans. (Surmas; Collyriums) .
5. Aquae (Waters).
6. Araks.
7. Aristas & Arishtas.
8. Asavas.
9. Ashes (Bhasmas).
10. Ashtakas.
11. Attars.
12. Avalehas, see:-Lehas.
13. Baths.
14. Beers.
15. Bhairabs.
16. Bhasmas (Ashel'i).
17. Biscuits.
18. Blisters.
19. Breads.
20. Cakes.
21. Cataplasms.
22. Chatnies or Chutneys. 0'
23. Chintamanies.
."J<
24.
25.
26.
27.
28,
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35'.
36.
37.
Churnas; Churnams;
(Powders).
Chutneys or Chatnies.
Collyrium~.
COIn,pounds.
Confections '(Majoons).
Conserves.
"Daru"
(see:-Liquer~
ek).
Decoctions.
Depilatories.
Douches.
Dravakams.
Elixirs.
Embrocatiol!"$.
Esters.
Extracts.
Fishes. Foods.
38.
39.
40.
41. Fu~igations.
42. Ghees, . see:-Ghritams;
Ghritas.
43'., Ghritas; G h r i tams;
Ghees.
INDEX
44.
45.'
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84:
Gins.
Guggulas.
Gutikas.
Halvas or Halwas.
Halwas' or Halvas.
Injections.
Inunctions.
Iodides.
Isinglasses.
Jams.
Jellies. see:-Preserves.,
Juleps.
Kadas.
Kalkas,.
Kalpams.
Kartdas..
Kapithas.
Kashayams;
Kashayas;
(Decoctions) .
Kaya-Kalpas.
Ketus.
Khandas.
Ksharams.
Kshirs (Milks).
Kvaths or Kvathas,
Ladus.
Lauhams.
Lauhas.
Lavanams; La van a s
(Salts).
Lehyams; . (see:-Avalehas) Lehas.
Lepas.
Linctus.
Liniments.
Liquers; Liquors.
Liquors; Liquers.
Lohas.
Lotions.
Majooms. See:-M a n joons.
Manduras.
Marmalades.
"Majoons".
See:-Majoom. (Confections).
Manges.
85. Matras.
(see:-Ashes;
Bhasmas).
86. Milks.
87. Modakas.
88. Oils. (Tailas; Thailams).
89. Ointments.
(Unguenturns).
90.. Oleums (Oils).
91. Pachanas.
92. Paks or Pakas.
93. Panakams.
94. Panchakas.
95. Paneeyas or Paniyas.
96. Parpatis.
97. Pastes.
98. Pastilles.
99. Pauks.
100. Paustiks
(see:-Poushticks).
101. Payasams. (see:-Payasas; Kheers).102. Pessaries.
103. Pills.
104. Pindas.
105. Plasters.
106. Poultices.
107. Poushticks. (see:-Paustiks).
108. Powders. (Churnas).
109. Preserves. (see:-J e 1lies).
110. Puddings.
111. Quaths.
112. Rasas.
113. Rasayamlms or Rasayanas.
114. Satwams.
115. Sherbats.
116. Sinduras.
117. Snuffs.
118. Solutions.
119. Soups.
120. Spirits. (Brandies).
121. Sprays.
122. Squashes.
640
123. Surmas. (Anjans; Collyriums).

124. Swaras ams .
125. Syrups.
126. Tablets.
127. Tailas; Thailams; Tailams; (Oils); Tela.
128. Tinctures.
129. Unguentums.
(0 i n tments).
130. Vartis.
131. Vaticas or Vatikas.
132. Vaties.
133. V~triols.
134. Waters. (Aquae).
135. Wheys.
136. Wines.
137. Yogas.
1. Abhayalavana, 1193.
2. Abhra bhasma, M/125;
M/129.
3; Abhrak-bhasma, M/29.
4. Abhraka kalka, M/126.
(See:- Abhra Kalka.)
5. Abhra Kalka. M/125.
(See:-Abraka-Kalka).
6. Abhrakam, Sataputa, 359
& M/129.
7. Abir, 419; 608.
8. Acetum, 1257.
9. Acid albumin, A/162.
10. Acid saccharine-jUice,
1035.
11. Adepis, oleum, See:Lard oil.
12. Adityapaka guggula, 169.
13. Adityapaka tail a , M/121.
14. Adrenaline, 912. '
I
15. Aerated bread, 1248.
16. Agar-Agar, or Japanese
or Chinese
isinglass.
A/135.
17. Aghore N risingha R,asa,
A/227.
:_
18. Agnikumara Rasa,

M/40; M/123; M/127.
19. Agnimukha churna, 1111.
20. Agnimukha Lauha, M/59.
21. Agnithundi Vati, . M/79.
22. Ajmodadi churna, 137.
23. Ajwan-Ka-arak.
1029.
(See:-Omum
water;
Camphor-julep.), 920.
24. Akaradi Churna, 921.
25. Akarakarabhadi Churna,
98.
26. Alakta, A/150.
27. Alb u min, See:-Ovi
Albumen, A/162.
28. Albumin: Acid; Alkali;
Muscle; Serum; Ovum;
Vegetable; Normal.
29. Alcoholic extract, 1111;
1232.
30. Albu~in, (White of' egg),
A/I64.
31. Alepol, 606.
32. Alkali-albumin, A/162.
33. Alkali-Potassium Carbonasimpura, M/I09.
34. Allae-pauk, (See:-Ginger-jam, or
Gingerconserve), 1310.
35. Allenbury's Infant Foods,
Nos, 1,2 & 3. A/176.
36. Allenbury's Torch-Brand
Rennet Tablets.
A/179.
37. "Alliocaps," 66.
38. Almond meal, Sweet,
See:-Swee~
a 1m 0 n d
. meal, 1013.'
39. Alui, 102. '
40. Alum. lotion, M/5.
41. Alum snuff, M/5; 1213.
42. Alum spray. (See:Spray: Alum.
M/5.
43. Alum. sterilized lotion,
M/5.
(See: Sterilized alum 10-
INDEX
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
641
tion. or lotion, sterilized 72. Aqua coriandari, 382.

73. Aqua Foeniculi, See:alum).
Fennel water. 558.
Alum ,whey,
(See:74. Arak Badian, or Anise
Lime whey) M/4.
water, 956.
Amalakadya
La u h a,
75. Ardhanariswar
Rasa,
M/60.
A/227.
or
Amchur,
Ambose
76. Argha, A/193.
768.
77. Arjunabhra, M/127.
"Amboshi", 767.
Amchur,
(See:-Am- 78. Arkadi thailam, 745.
79. Arka-kshir, M/130.
bose) 766, 768.
80. Aromatic pastilles, See:-American isinglass,
pastilles,
a rom a tic.
(See:-lsinglaS&). A/135.
. A/234.
Amlica pana, 1192.
"Am-poll" or "Sathe"" 81. A r rae k, See:-Proof
Spirit, 1301.
767.
Amrita Bhallataka Leh- 82. Arsari Lauha, M/59.
83. Arsenic, See:-Oil of Aryam, 1122.
senic, etc.
Amrita Bhallataki, 1122.
84. Artificial bezoar, A/145.
Amrita gugguIa, 170.
85. Ash, white, Sh:-Svetha
Amrita
Kalpa
Rasa,
bhasma, M/70.
M/105.
or
(Mineral)
Amritashtakapachana, 81. 86. Ashes
Bhasmas, A/187.
Amrita Vati, M/40.
87. Ashta Churnam, 968.
Amritikaran, M/130.
88. Ashtadasanga pachana,
Amsul, 568.
613.
Ananda Bhairava Rasa,
,89. Ashvagandha
ghr1ta,
24; M/76.
1293.
Ananda Bhairavi pills,
90. Asoka ghrita, 1105.
575.
Anar
Syrup,
See:- .91. Assam musk, See:Kamrup musk, A/197.
Syrupanar, 1033.
92. Ass's milk, A/175; A/181;
Angarika TaiIa, A/150.
A/l85.
Animal gelatin, A/136.
water,
See:- 93. Astakatvara Taila, 968 ..
Anise
94. Aswagandha kashayam,
"Arak-Badian". 956.
1293.
Anjan, 15; 1313; M/13.
95. Atropine, dissolved in
(See:-Collyrium) .
saline, 912.
Anjana, Sauvir, See:-96. Attar, 1071; 1072; 1089.
Sauvir anjana.
97. Attar tlf Roses or Otto,
Calmette's
Antivenin,
See:-Rose
1072.
A/222.
98. Audalaka, A/193,
Apamarga Taila, 22 ..
Apiol, 934.
1. Bael-matm~lade; 47.
Apomorphine hydrochlo2. Bael-sherbet, 48.
ride, 913.
3. Bael-water,47.
on,
41
642
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
2l.
22.
23.
24'.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Bajeh, 372.
.
Baker's bread, 1248. {
Balachatur bhadraka, 27.
Balataila, 1136.
"Balsam
of sulphur",
(See:-Solution of Sulphur), lVI/122.
Banana dessert, Banana
in syrup, Banalia toast,
Bananas dried, Bananas
baked, 825.
Bang-'i-rasa, See:-Compound kharpara powder
or Jvararasa, lVI/132.
Barilla, (See: 'Kelp'),
lVI/I02.
Bark-Powder, 1187, 1194.
Barley pudding, 654.
Basantakumara
Rasa,
lVI/U8.
"Basil-camphor", 862.
Bata-kshir, lVI/130.
Bathing oil, 1279.
Belladonna, 912.
Ben or Berti or lVIoringa
oil,8U.
Benzoated lard, A/137.
Benzoates, 1183; lVI/24.
Beta-naphthol, lVI/75.
. Betel oil, 96l.
Bezoar, Artificial, A/145.
Bhang, or Siddhi, Subji,
or Patti, 259; 262; 263;
260; 261.
Bhaskara Lavanam, 968.
Bhasma (ash), A/170;
A/187.
Bhoonimbadi Churnam,
575.
Bhringaraja TaiJa, 471.
Bhramara, A/192.
Bilva Panchaka, 49.
Bilva Rasayanam, 49.
Bindaal, 754,
Bismuth Iodide~ Compound,649.
..u-.' -
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
I
Bivala shells (Shukti

bhasma), lVI/40.
Black Currant Jelly.
1064.
Black Oxide of Silver. \
See:-Tara
b has m a,.
M/18.
Black Sulphide, lVI/82.
Black sulphide of Mercury,
(See:-Krishna
bhasma), Mj70.
Black Surma, or Sauvir
anjana, Mj87 & M/83.
Blanc-mange, See:-Oatmeal Blanc-mange, 163.
"Blue Vitriol", M/52.
Boiled.Milk, A/182.
Borax, crude, M/I03.
Boro-glycerine, Mj107.
Brahmi Ghrita, (or Medicated Ghee), 625; 664.
Brahmi Ghriiliam, 664;
625.
Brahmi Rasayanam, 664.
Brahmi "swarasan1,""Swarasam" .of Brahmi.
664.
Bran biscuits, 1250.
Bran bread, 1250.
Bran cakes, 1250.
Brandy "Cognac", See:-Movara Spirit, 1289; AI
163.
Bran poultice, 1250.
Bread, 1248; 1249; VVheat
or wheaten; fermented~
Aerated;rBaker's; VVhite;
Brown;, Stale;, Toasted;
Leavened; Unleavened;
Whole-meal; Bran.
Bread poultice, 1,249.
Bri'bat
Chandramrita
Rasa, M/127.
Brihat
G a n gad h a r
Churna, or Vridha Gangadhar Chuma, 6'47.
INDEX
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
Brihat
Kanchanabhra,
M/38, M/128.
Brihat Kaphaketu, M/38.
Brihat Kasturi Bhairab,
M/18; M/38.
Brihat Suchikabharana
Rasa, A/226.
Brihat Suran Modaka, 95'.
Brihat Swasa Chintamani, M/121.
Brishta tandula, (Muri)
887.
Bromide, 912.
Bromose, 125.
Brown bread, 1248.
Buffalo's milk, A/175;
A/181.
Burnt fish, A/216.
Butter, A/176; A/182;
A/185; A/186.
Butter milk,
A/172;
A/176; A/178; A/179;
A/182; A/186; A/188.
Butter of Arsenic, MilS.
See:-OiI of Arsenic,
M/19.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Cacao-bu~ter, 1217.
Cacao-butter,
D u t c h,
1214.
Cacao-extracts, 1215.
"Caffeine", 249; A/183.
Calf's feet jelly, A/136.
Cajuput oil, 775.
Calamine, M/132.
Calamine native, M/131.
See:-Native calamine.
Calcareous spar, M/41.
Calcined cowries (Kap:
ardaka bhasma), M/40 ..
Calcined iron,
(Loha
Bhasma), M/60; M/126.
Calcined tin, or Calcined
zinc, See:-Naga Bhasma
M/82.
643
13. Calcined zinc, or Calcined

tin,
(See:-Naga
Bhasma), M/82}.
antivenin,
14. Calmette's
A/222.
]5. Calomel, (Rasakapura),
or (Rasa Karpura) , M/81
16. Camel's milk,
A/181;
A/185.
17. Camel's urine, A/233.
18. Camomile oil, 772.
19. Camomile tea, 772.
20. Camphorated opium, liniment, 920.
21. Camphor julep, or Ajw:'tn-Ka-Arak Or Omum
water, 920; 1029.
22. Camphor liniments, Simple & Compound, Camphor, spirits of, 253.
23. Camphor mixture, 252.
24. Camphor ,of mercury,
etc., M/70.
25. Camphor, spirits of, 253.
26. Cantharides, or Cantharidin,. A/207.
27. Cantharides blister, 912.
28. "Cantharidin" or Cantharides, A/207. '
29. Carbonate (white lead
ore), M/83.
30. Carbonate of
Lime,
M/41.
31. Carbonate of Lime-ash,
M/46.
32. Carbonate of Potash,
M/89.
33. Carmine (brilliant red
powder) A/156.
34. Carmiric Acid, A/I56.
35. "Carron
oil," (See:-Lime liniment),
746;
M/44.
36. Casein ammonium cOmpound, See:-Eucasein,
A/178.
644
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
64.
65.
"Cassareep", 707.
"Cassava Cakes," 707. (
Cassava meal, 707.
Castor cake, 1070.
Castor oil cake, 1070.
Ca.taplasm, 1031.
Ceridin, 1299.
Ceromel, or Kokum butter, M/6.
Chagaladi, or Chagaladya ghrita, A/142.
Chagaladya ghrita or
Chagaladi ghrita, A/142.
Chakramardha, 292.
Chalk powder, 912.
Chalk, prepared, etc.,
M141.
Chandanadi thailam, 886;
A/150.
Chandanadya
Lauha,
M/59.
Chandesvara Rasa, M/17
& 20.
Chandraprabha gutika,
693.
.
Chandraprabha
Varti,
M(20.
Chandrodya
makaradwaja, M/38.
Chandrodaya Rasa, M/81.
Changeri Ghrita, 891.
Charas, or Churras, or
Nasha, 259; 262; 263.
"Char-bughra"
See:"Post", & "Kuknar".
Charcoal poultice, 1249;
M147.
"Chatni" or Chutney,
382; 746; 767.
.
Chatuhsama Vati, 837.
Chaturmukha Rasa,' M/
79; M/122.
Chaturthakari, M/53.
Chaturushana Churn a,
66.
Chimlmogra oil, G,QD;"603.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
.52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60".
61.
62.
63.
966.
,y
67. "Chaulmoogri", 660.

G8. Chaulmugra
ointment,
See:-Unguentum gynocardiac, 603/604.
69. Cheese, A1176; A/178.
70; Chanopodii oleum, See:Oleum chanopodii.
71. Chhagaladi ghrita, A!142.
72~ Chhatra, A/192.
73. Chhipa bhasma; Chhippowder, (purified), A.I
145.
74. Chhip powder, purified,
(Chhipa bhasma), A/145.
75. Chines.e
isinglass,
or
Japanese isinglass
or
Agar-Agar, A/135.
76. Chini or Safed Sukkar,
1084.
77. Chintamani C hat u rmukha, M/79.
78. Chippa Bhasma, See:Chhipa bhasma, or Chhip
powder purified, A/145.
79. Chitra Kathi, 992.
80. "Chloral", 912.
81. Chocolate-pwoder, See:Van-Houten's
COCoa.
1216.
82. Chodi kanji, See:-Ragi
. kanji, 478.
83. C hoI est r i n, purified,
A/137.
84. Chondrin, A/136.
85. Churras or Charas, 262;
259.
86. Chutney lfr Chatni, 382;
746; 767; ).014.
87. Chyavamiprasa, 484.
88. Cinnabar,
(See:-Red
sulphide of
meroury)
M/68.
89. Cinnamomum, 0 leu m,
See:-Oleum cinnamo, mum.
90. Cigarettes, Ml18.
INDEX
91. Citrated Milk, A/l77.

92. Clarified butter or Ghee
(100 years old) A/187.
93. Cobaltite, M/SS.
94. Cocaine, 512.
95. Cochin ginger, 1314.
96. Cocoa-tea, 1217.
97. Cocoon-ash, A/145.
98. Coffee, wheat, See:Wheat coffee, 1249.
99. "Cognac" brandy, See:"Brandy" cognac) 1289.
100. Collodion, 590.
101. Collyrium, See:-Anjan,
10l3; 1213; 15; 1313;
M/13, M/54; M/83.
confection,
102. Compound
1124.
decoction,
103. Compound
954; 1030; 1034; 1046;
1127; '1150; 1151;
1:187; 1232; 1294; A/233.
104. Compound ghrita, 891.
Kharpara
105. Compound
powder, or Jvara:r:asa or
Bank-i-rasa, M/132.
106. Compound medicated oil
951.
107" ComPound oil, 1124;
1129; 1279.
108. Compound
pill, 992;
1033;
A/159; A/ISS;
A/209.
109. Compound powder, 819;
966; . 967; 971; 1029;
1227; 1237; M/79; M/96;
M/109; M/117; M/132;
A/I65; A/IS6; A/210.
110. Compound preparation,
A/209.
111. Compound spirit, 813.
112. Compound syrup, 674.
113. Compound tincture, 1183.
114. Compound tincture of
Camphor, or Paregoric
Elixir, 252, 253.
645
115. Conch Shell Ash, or

Shanka bhasma, or Silicate of magnesia, M/40,
A/165.
116. Concrete oil, 833;.834.
117. Condensed milk, A/175;
A/176.
118. Confection, 1190; M/15;
A/209.
119. Confection
"Majoon",
M/61.
120. Confection of Squash, or
of White gourd; See:-,Khanda
kooshmanda,
186.
wheat
flour,
121. Conjee,
See:-Wheat flour conjee
1249.
122. "Copperas", M/64.
123. Copper
Bhasma,
or
Tamra Bhasma, M/49;
M/51.
124. Copper ointment, See:Oinltment of Copper.
125. Copper salts, M/50.
126. Copper sulphate, 913.
127. Copper sulpho-carbolate,
M/50.
128. Copper prepared, M/50;
M/51.
129. Copper pyrite, M/66.
unprepared,
130. Copper,
M/51.
J31. Coral Ash, (See:-Pravala bhasma), A/1S7.
132. Corn flour, See:-Maize
starch, 1306:
133. Corn-silk, 1307.
134. Cough powder, 967.
135. Cow and Gate's Lacidac,
A/177.
136. Cow & Gate's Peptalac,
See:-Peptonised or Predigested milk, A/177;
A/188; A/178.
G46
137.
138.
139.
140.
14]
142.
143.
144.
145.
148,
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
..8.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Cow & Gate's Prolac,

A/l77.
\
Cow & Gate's Standard'
Milk Food, & Halfcream
Milk Food, A/176.
'
Cowri Bhasma, (Shell
ash), A/IS9.
Cow's' butter, A/185.
Cow's ghee, A/182.
Cow's milk.
A/l72;
A/180.
Cow's milk, "humanized"
A/189.
Cow's urine, A/232.
Cream, A/176; A/179;
A/183; A/188. .
Creamed oat-meal, or
Oatmeal
Blanc-mange,
163.
Creta
Praeparata
or
Prepared chalk, M/41.
Cummin oil, 410.
Cupri oleatum, See:Oleatum Cupri, M/53.
Curds, A/l86; A/182.
Curds or curdled milk
A/176; A/182.
.
. Curdled milk or ,curds,
A/176; A/179; A/182;
A/1S6.
Curd of milk (buffal</s)
A/183.
Cured rice, 883.
'Datlimastaka, 1034.
Dahn..,el-kandul, 829.
"Dala",' 941; A/193.
Dameswer abhra, M/128'.
Darubrahma Rasa, M/17.
Das.imula, 46; 1069.
Dasamula kad~, 1255.
Dasamula Kvatha, 612;
1150; 1231.
Dasamula Taila, 613.
Dasanga guggul?~92:
~
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.,
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.,
38.
Dashmul Asava, 1157.

"Date-Coffee", 945.
Dava-ul-mulk, A1209.
Depilatory, M/22; B/40.
Desiccated alum, M/4.
(Desiccated milk, (See:Powdered milk) or Lactogen, A/176.
Devakusumadi RaSa, 837.
Dhananidala, 382.
Dhani, 530.
Dhanwantri Tailam, 1136
Dhanyabhra, (See:-Talc
powder), M/124; M/125.
Dhapar-koki, 859.
Dhatreemodaka, 359.
Dhatri Arista, 483.
Dhatri Leha, 483; M/60.
Dhupela tela, A/166.
Dinitro derivatives of
the Ketones, Aj204.
Dinn.er pills, 974.
Distilled water, 1162.
"Domba oil," 236.
"Doodhi-halva", 723.
"Dover's powder," 241.
Draksha-extract, 1288.
Draksharjst~, 1288,.
DrakshaS<;lva, 1288,
Dugdhavati, 920; A/l83.
Dusting powderJ 1249;
M/7; M/132.
Dutch Cacao-butter, 1214.
I., Egg shell, See:-Ovitesta,

A/163. .,w(
2. Egg Syrup, A/163.
3. Egg wirle,~A/163.
4. Ekangaveera Rasa, M/S:?
5. Eladi churnam, 476 .
6. 'Elephant's ni:ilk, A/185;
A/181.
7. Embrocation, A/184.
8. Epithem, 10.79.
9. Eriodendron extract, 506.
INDEX
10. Esrar (Secret), 393.

11. Ethyl Esters, 604.
12. Eucalyptol, 515.
13. Eucasein, A/178.
14. Evaporated milk, A/175;
A/l77.
15. Ewe's milk, or Sheep's
milk, A/181; A/185.
16. Extract Eriodendron, 506.
17. Extract of Berberis aristata,
See:-Ra~jana,
M/82; 188.
18. Eye wash, 382.
1.
2.
"3.
4.
5.
... 6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
"Fanas-poli," 147.
Fennel water, See:Aqua foeniculi, 558.
Fermented bread, 1248.
Fermented liquor - or
Gaudy, or Sidhu, 1084.
Ferment~d milk, A/170.
Fermented whey, (See:~
Whey fermented), A/170.
-Ferro-cyanide,
potassium, 913.
"Ficus Benj amina"
Ghrlta, 545._
"Finkler's Papain", 277.
Fish-liver oil, A/216.
]fish Soup, A/216.
Flourspar, M/44.
Flowers of Lead, See:Oxide of lead, M/84.
French liquer, See:"Noyean" French liquer.
FriaI;'s balsam, or Traumatic balsam, 1138; 8.
Lauha,
Gag a n ad h i
M/118.
2. Galena,
(Sulphide. of
Lead) Galena (Sauviranjana), M/83, M/87.
3. Galithkusthuri
Rasa,
M/128.
1.
647
Gandhaka Kalka, M/121.

Gandhaka Lepa, M/~22.
Gandhaka
Rasayana,
M/120.
7. Gandhak-na-phul, M/119
8. Gandhar Rasa, M/7.7;
M/123.
9. Gandha Taila, M/120.
Churnas,
10. Gangadhara
(Laghu,
Brihat,
or
Vriddha), 647.
See..:-"Guaza",
11. Ganja,
259; 262._
12. Garbhabilasa Rasa, or
Sutikabindu, M/52.
Rasa,
13. Gar.bha Kalana
M/67.
14. Garbha Vinoda Rasa,
M/67.
15. G~rbjat ganja, 260.
16. Gaudy, or Sidhu, or fermented liquor, 1084.
17. "Geneva" Gin, 712.
18. Ghee, A/U6;
A/179;
A/182; A/187.
19. Ghee, cow's A/182.
20. Ghee from buffalo's milk,
A/188.
camel's
21. Ghee, from
milk, A/188.
22. Ghee, of Arsenic, Ml18.
23. Ghee, old, A/187.
24.. Ginger-conserve, Ginger
Jam, See:-"Allaepauk",
1310.
J am,
Ginger
25. Ginger
cQnserve; See:~"Allae
pauk", 1310.
26. Ginger, plantation, 1311.
27. Glaxo, A/176.
28. Glycerine of Yolk, (Glyceritum Vitelli), A/163.
Boracis,
29. Glycerinum
M/107.
4.
5.
6.
648
Vitelli, or 58.
Glyc~rine of Yolk, tAl
163.
31. Goat's
milk, A/~75;
A/181; A/184.
1.
32. Goat's milk-butter, A/185
33. Goat's urine, A/233.
2.
34. Gokshuradi
Churnam,
3.
1231.
35. Gokshuradi
guggula,
4.
1232.
5.
36. Gokshuradyava
Leha,
1231. l
6.
37. ,Gold-leaf (sona varak) ,
7.
M/33.
8.
38. Gold powder or ashes
9.
(Sona Bhasmah M/33.
10.
39. Gool, See:-Ras. 1083.
11.
40. Gorochanam, A/161.
12.
41. Grahani Kapata Rasa,
920; M/52.
42. Grahani-Mihira taila, 649.
13.
14.
43. Gruel, 1239.
15.
'44. "Guaza",
See:-Ganja,
259; 262.
45. Guda Mandura, See:- 16.
Mandura, M/63; M/62.
17.
46. Gudashtaka, 708.
18.
47. Guduchi Satwam, 356;
357; 360.
19.
48. Guduchyadi Lauha, M/
58.
20.
49. Guauchyadi taila, 358.
21.
50. "Gular', 231.
51. '''Gu1amba,'' 767.
22.
52. Gulkhand, 286, 1071;
1072.
53. Gulma Kalanala Rasa,
23.
M/51.
"
24.
54. Gun-cotton, See:-Pyroxy1in, 590.
25.
55. "G u rj an - balsam" or
26.
"Wood-oil", 455,
.27.
56. "Gurjan oil," 455 . .,
28.
57. Gynocardia oil, ."601'..-.....
30.
Glyceritum
Gynocardic
ment, 603.
Acid
oint-
Half-cream Milk Food,

A/176.
Halva, 406.
Halwa, (See:-Payasam)
A/143.
Hansadi Ghrita, A/141.
Haran-tutiya, or Hiranya-tuttha, 369.
Haridrakhanda, 418.
Harisankara Rasa, M/127.
Harita1 Bhasma, M/22.
Hashish, 259.
"Hebelzalim," 628.
"Hedaurin", 610.
Hingavashtaka Churna,
or Hingushtaka Churna,
540.
Hingul Bhasma, M/72. ."
Hingu1eswara, M/96.
Hingushtaka or Hingavashtaka, Churna, 540.
Hingu Triguna Tailam,
540.
Hingvadi Dhum, 539.
Hiranya tuttha, or Harantutiya, 369.
Homo1ogues of toluence,
A/204.
Honey of Roses, 1073.
Honge oil, 1002. (See:Pongamia oil; Pongamol).
Horlick's;"f Malted Milk,
(See:-Milk, Mal ted
Horlick.'s">~A/176.
Horse's urine, A/233.
;Hrasva panchamu1a, 612.
Hriyeradi, 27.
Hubbai Sahfa, 960.
Hulva, 833.
'Humanised milk', A/174.
INDEX
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
Human milk,
A/175;
A/181; A/185 ..
Human urine, A/233.
Hydnocarpus oil, 659.
Hydrochloride morphine,
See:-Morphine hydrochloride, 913.
Hyperial oleum, See:Oleum hyperial, 673.
Hypodermic
injection,
W113; A/228.
1. Ichchhabhedi Rasa, M/80.

2. Ichhavedivatica, 398.
3. "Idli", 941.
4. Ikshurasa, 1083.
5. "Indian quinine", (Watery extract), 1221.
6. "Indum-podi", 423.
7. Injections, hypodermic,
A/228.
8. Injections, intramuscular,
A/228.
9. Injections, intravenous,
M/1l3.
10. Injections of s n a k e
venom, A/225.
11. Injections, milk, A/184.
12. Injections, milk protein,
A/l84.
13. Injections of Lead, M/8S.
14. Injections of v e n ,0 m,
A/229.
15. Injections, par ental,
A/184.
16. Insulin, 912.
17. Intramuscular injections,
A/228.
18. Intravenous
injections,
M/113.
19. Invertin, 1300.
20. Iron calcined, (L 0 h a
Bhasma), M/60, M/126.
649
21.
Iron, oxides of, or prepared, See:-Oxides of

Iron, M/57.
22. Iron powder, See:-Powder of Iron, M/S6.
23. Iron pyrites, M/66; M/67.
24. Iron prepared, See:-Prepared iron, M/57.
25. "Isaphgul-ka-chi1ka", 984.
26. Isinglass, Japanese, American, or Chinese, See.:Agar-Agar., A/13S.
27~ Ithrphal, 1209.
. 1. Jaborandi, 1298.
2. Jalasukti, (See:-Suktibhasma, A/212.
3. Jalodarari Rasa, M/S1.
4. Jam, 951.
5. James powder, A/lS3.
6. Japanese or Chinese
Isinglass, A/135.
7. Jatiphaladi chumam, Brihat, 832.
8. J atiphaladi chumam, 832.
9. J atiphaladi gutika, 832.
10. Javarish-i-Iulu, A/209.
11. Java-rusa-uda, 121.
12. Jawarish-ai-k am m 0 n,
856.
13. Jawarishai-Thurush, 970.
14. Jayamangala Rasa, See:
Sri J ayamangala Rasa,
M/15, M/34, M/52, M/58.
15. Jelly or Preserve, 1019.
16. Jirakadi mod aka, 409.
17. Jirakadya taila, 410.
18. "Juniper berry oil", 712.
19. Jvarabrahmastra, M/17.
20. Jvarakunjara Par i dra
Rasa, M/95.
21. Jvara Murari Rasa, 24;
M/76.
22. J varankusha, M/S2.
<850
23.
24:
25.
26.
27.
J vara Rasa, or Compound 24.

Kharpara powder, pr
Bang-i-rasa, M/132.
25.
Jvarari-abhra, M/128. '.
Jvarasani Lauha, or Jwa26.
rasani Lauha, or Mahas27.
wasari Lauha, M/128.
. 28.
Jvarasani Rasa, M/123;
29.
M/126.
30.
Jwaramurari pills, 575.
31.
1. Kadalyadi ghrita, 826.

2. Kaisara guggula, 170.
3. "Kajaputika-tel", 775.
4. Kajjali, M/72.
5. Kajjali
panchalavana,
M/78.
,
6. Kalagnirudra
R a s a,
M/61.
7. Kalanala Rasa, A/228.
, 8. Kalingakadi K vatha, 648.
9. Kalka, Gandhaka, 8ee:Gandhaka Kalka, M/121.
10. Kalpam, M/60.
11. Kalu bhasma, A/211.
12. Kalyanaksharam, 970.
13. Kalyanasundara Abhra,
M/128.
14. Kamala powder, 761.
15. Kanaka Asava, 440.
16. Kanchanabhra, M/15.
17. Kanchanara guggula, 170;
185.
18. Kandakadya L a u h a,
M/60.
19. Kandarpa Kumarabhra,
M/127.
20. Kantakaryava L e h a,
,1151.
21. Kanta Lauha, (Kanta
iron), M/5S.
22. Kapardaka Bhasma, .'(or
Calcined cowries), M/40.
23. Kapha Chintamani, or
8valpa Lakshmibf 1 a !',
M/80.
.;J_':-'
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
/
51.
Kapha Ketu Rasa, 24;

M/104.
Kapithashtaka Churn a,
536.
Karaviradya Taila, 849.
Karpara-Anjana, M/132.
Karpura Rasa, M/81.
Kashm.lra musk, A/197.
Kasisadya Taila, M/65.
Kastur Bhusan, 8ee:Rakta bhasma,' or Rasasindura, etc., M/80, M/70
& M/71, M/128.
Kasturi Pills, 3.
Katl),bol, 12.
Kathlon, 12.
Katphaladi Churna, 829.
"Kayakalpa
Chikitsa",
664.
Kefir, A/180.
"Kelp", (See:-Barilla),
M/102.
"Keorra-ka-arak~',
894.
"Kevda" oil, 894.

Khadirarishta, 12.
Khadirastaka, 12.
Khand or Misri, 1084.
Khanda
Kooshmanda,
(Confection of Squash, or
White-gourd), 186.
"Kharjur inidaru", or
"Laghi", 945.
Kharpara Bhasma, Kharpara powder or Bang-iraSliL or J vara r a s a,
.M/132.
Kheer, '$ee:-Payasam,
22.
<l
"Khichri" ,~. 734. See:Kichri, 885.'~Khir", See:-Kheer, 57;
895.
"Khobripak", 222.
Kichri, 885. (8 e e;Khichri), 734.
Killed Iron, M/57.
INDEX
,52. Kiratadi TaiIa, 575.

53. Kirata tablets or pills,
102.
54. Kitamarda Rasa, M/12l.
55. Kitari Rasa, M122.
56. "Knysolgan", M/39.
57. Kohale-pak, 406.
58. "Koji', 887.
59. Kqkum butter or ghee, or
Ceromel, M/6.
160. Kokum oil or Kokum
butter, 567. See:-Ceromel, or Kokum-butter, or
Kokum ghee, ,M/6.
61. Koumi~s, See:-A/152,
A/170.
62. Koumiss, art, i fi cial,
A/170.
'63. Kriml-dhulijala, prabha
Rasa, ,M/40; M/78.
,64: Krimighatini Gut i k
M/122.
:,65. Kriml-kalanal R a s a,
M/6I; M/78.
.(i6. Krimi-mudgar oR a s a,
M/78; M/I2I.
67. Krimirogari Rasa, M/6l;
M/78.
68. Ktishna bhasma, (KajJali) , See:-Black sulphide of Mercury's Rasaparpati), M/70.
69. "Krishnaparpati", M/72.
70. Kshaudra, A/192.
71. Kubja Prasarini Taila,
893.
72. Kukkutadi G h r ita,
A/142.
73. "Kuknar", See:-"Post",
& "Charbughra". 914'.
74. Kumari Asava, 74.
75. Kumiss
or
Kumyss,
A/170; A/I80.
a,
76.
77.
78.
79.
80~
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
651
Kumyss; Kumiss or Koumiss, (See:-Fermented

milk) Cerevesia lactis,
A/170; A/I80; A/152.
Kurchi-Bismuth Iodide,
636.
Kusamisri, 1084.
K usa valeha, A/157;
A/209.
Kushmanda Ghrita, 186.
"Kushtanashini", 1021.
Kutaja Arishta, 648.
Kutaja Leha, 648.
Kutajashtaka, 647.
"Kuteepravesikam", 664.
1. Laboobai Saghur, 1013.

2. Lacidac, See:-Cow &
Gate's Lacidac, A/l77.
3. "Lactagol", 588.
4. Lactic Acid Milk, A/175;
A/176; A/l77.
5. "Lactogen, See:-Powdered Milk; Desiccated
Milk, A/176.
6. Lactose, A/176; A/179;
A/~83; A/188.
7. "Ladu",941.
8. "Laghi", See:_'''Kharjurnidaru", 945.
9. Lag h u Gangadhara
Churna, 647.
10. Laghu Pancham u 1 1 a,
1150.
11. Laghu Sankha Dravakam:, M/92.
12. Laghu Surana Modaka,
9.5.
13. "Lal1~s", 931.
14. Lakshadi Taila, A/150.
15. Lakshmibilas R a s a,
M/128; A/201.
16. Lakshminarayan
Rasa,
M/127
652
17. Lard oil, (Oleum Adepis), A/137.

I
18. Lashunadyeranda Thailam, 471.
19. Lauha Bhasma, M/5T.
20. Lauha Parpati, M/66.
21. Lavangadhi Chur n a m,
837.
22. Laya, 887.
23. Lead ash, See:-Seesa
Bhasma, Naga Bhasma,
M/82; M/84.
Lead
ore, white, M/83.
24.
\.
25. Lead oxide, S e e:Flowers of Lead, M/84 ..
26. Lead plaster, or Litharge
plaster, M/86.
27. Lead, protoxide of, M/84.
28. Lead sulphide, See:_,...
Galina etc.,
M/83 &
M/87.
29. Leavened bread, 1249.
29a. Leaves of Lead, M/8S. .
30. Leucopyrite, M/66.
31. Levurine, 1300.
32. "Limbur", See:-"Nimbur", 931.
33. Lime ash carbonate, See:
-Carbonate of Lim e
Ash, M/46.
34. ,Lime Liniment, See:Carron oil, 746; M/44.
35. Lime,
phosphate
of,
M/41.
36. Lime water, M/42.
37. "Lime whey", S e e:Alum whey; Whey, M/4.
38. Linctus,
1204;
1288;
A/201.
39. Liniment, 746; M/20;
M/22; M/122; . M/44;
A/187.
40. "Linseed meal" or Linum
contusum", 744.
41. Linseed meal p()Ultice, '
745.
."..... _.
42. Linseed tea, 745.

43. "Linum contusum", See:
-"Linseed meal", 744.
44. Liquer; See:-"Noyean"
French liquer.
45. Liquid Storax, 747.
46. Liquor, M/23.
47. Liquor Atropine S u 1phate, 913.
48. Liquor Pancreatini, B. P.
C., A/17S.
49. Liquor, percolated, 454.
50. L i quo r Pancreatis,
Liquor Pan c rea tini,
A/178.
51. Litharge, M/84.
52. Litharge plaster, or Lead
plaster, Ml86.
53. Loha Bhasma, (Calcined
iron) lVI/60; M/126.
54. Lohasava, MlS8.
55. Lokanatha Rasa, M/78.
56. Lollingite, M/66.
57. Lotion sterilized alum,
See:-(Sterilized
alum
lotion), ~/S.
58. . "Luminal," 91-2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
"Macaroni", 1249.
"Macassar" oil, 279.
Madanadhivamana, 1048.
Magnesium gynocardate,
604.
Mag. Sulph., intravenous,
912.
Magzsti~, 296.
Mahagandha Rasa, M/77.
Mahaghfita, A/ISS.
Maha Lakslniliilas, M/21;
M/121.
M~a Lakshmibilas Rasa,
M/IS
Mahalaxmivilasa
Rasa, M/128.
Mahamrityunjaya Lauha,
M/52.
INDEX
12. Mahanaracha Rasa, 398;

M/123.
13. Maharaj vati, M/121.
14. Mahasvasari L a u h a,
(See:-Jvarasani or Jwarasani Lauha), M/60;
M/128.
'
15. Mahataleswara, M/22.
16. Maize-flour, See:-"Maizena", 1306.
17. Maize meal, See:-"Polenta", 1306.
18. "Maizena", See:-Maizeflour, 1306.
19. "lVIaize-oil", 1305.
20. Maize starch, or Cornflour, 1306.
21. Majoom, 259; 262.
22. "Majoon", (Confection),
M/61.
23. Majoonai Kuvathiabah,
832.
.
24. Majoonai Soul or sual,
583.
25. Makaradhwaja,
M/35;
M/69;
M/75;
A/200;
A/201.
26. Makshika, or Makshika
madhu, A/192.
27. Makshika bhasma, M/63;
M/67.
28. Malted milk, A/183.
29. Manamandu, See:-Suvarnaparpati,
A/183;
M/34.
30. Mana Suranadya Lauha,
M/59.
31. Mandura,' (See:-Guda
Mandura), M/62; M/63.
32. Mandura bhasma, M/63.
33. Mandura Loha, M/63.
ghrita,
34. Manjishthadya
1076.
35. Manmanda, 72.

36. Manmathabhra R a s a,
M/128.
653
37. Mansha-kshir, M/130.

38. Marcasite, M/66.
39. Mare's
milk,
A/181;
M/185.
40. "Margosa Oil", 780. See:
-Nimbadi Thailam, 780.
41. Marichadya taila, A1233.
42. Marmalade, 1038.
(Orange),
43. Marmalade
341.
44. Mashabaladi, 540.
45. Mashabaladi k vat h a,
1136.
46. Mashadi Modaka, 941.
47. Masha taila, A/142.
48. Massicot, (Protoxide of
lead), M784;
\
49. "Matheran Coffee", 925.
50. Matras,
(See:-Ashes:
Bhasmas, A/187.
51. Matsyandika, 1084.
52. "Matto", 1146.
53. Maw or Poppy oil, 903.
54. Meat soup, A/l42.
55. Medicated ghee, See:Brahmi Ghrita, 625; 664.
oil,
833;
56. Medicated
A/166; A/211.
57. Mahamudgara R a s a,
M/61.
58. Mel Boracis, M/107.
59. Mercury, black sulphide
of, (See:-K ri s h n a
bhasma & 'Rasaparpati),
M/70.
60. Mercury fum i gation,
M/82.
61. Mercury, insoluble sulphide of, A/200.
62. Mercury inunction, M/82.
63. Mercury, oleate of, See:
---'Oleate of Mercury,
M/83.
64. Methi Ladu, 282.
65. Methi Modaka, 1242.
66. "Metose", 125.
654
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
g!}.
90.
91.
THE INDIAN MATERlA MEDICA
92.
"Mexican tea", 307.
Milk, fermented, A/laO.
Milk Food, See:-Co\Y &
Gate Standard etc., Half 93.
94.
cream milk, A/176. '
Milk injections, A/184.
95.
Milk, malted, Hodicks,
A/176.
96.
Milk Skimmed, See:- 97.
Skimmed Milk, A/176;'
A/178.
98.
"Milk of Sulphur", (Sub- 99.
limed sulphur), M/122.
100.
Milk protein injections,
A/184.
101.
Milk, powdered, etc., ]02.
A/176; A/175; A/183.
103.
Milk, predigested; pep- 104.
tonised, etc., A/178.
Milk protein, See:-Protein milk, A/176; 177;
188.
105.
Milk putrified, A/180.
106.
Milk, raw, See:,-Raw
milk, A/182.
Milk, Soya-bean, or Miso,
1.
1146.
Milk sugar, (See:-Saccharum lactis), A/17?;
A/217.
2.
Minium (oxide), M/83.
3.
"Miso", Soy-beam milk,
4.
1146.
5.
Misri or Khand', 1084.
Mistura' spiritus Vini
6.
Gallici, A/163.
7.
"Momia", M/23 & 29.
8.
"Moodooga oil," 224.
9.
"Moramba", 767.
Moringa oil (See:-Ben
10.
or Beni oil), 811.
Morphine, M/83.
11.
Morphine hydrochloride, I
913.
.c..,..
,
Morphinae ole a t u m~
See:-O 1 eat u m morphinae.
Moti bhasma, A/210.
Movara spirit or brandy,
A/163.
Mriganabhyadirabale h a,
A/201.
Mriganka Rasa, M/34.
IVlrityunjaya Rasa, 24;
M/76; M/121.
Mukta bhasma, A/208.
"Murabo", 1040.
Muri, See:-Brishta tandula, 887.
Murmuras, 889.
Musalyadi Churna, 412.
Muscle albumin, A/162.
Musk; Kamrup,. Nepala
& Kashmira, Russian,
Chinese or "Tonkin",
"Cahardine", A/198.
Mustard, 913.
Myrtle-wax, 829.
Naga bhasma, (Calcined

zinc),
(Calcined tin),
See:-Seesa bhasma or
lead ash, M/82, M/84.
Nakuladya ghrita, A/142.
Naracha Churna, 693,
Naracha Rasa, 708.
Narayana Taila, 154;
1293/4.
Narikelakhanda, 365.
l~
,
Nariekelakshara, M/109.
Narsimha-Churna, 1210.
Nasal
douche,
(Saltwater snuff), M/113.
Nasha or Charas, 263;
259'; 262.
Native Calamine, (Zinc
Sulphate & Carbonate).
M!131.
INDEX
12. Navayasa Lauha, M/58.

13. Neem
Steam-bath,
See:-Steam bath, 1074.
14. Nepala musk, A/197.
15. Nicotine sulphate, 853.
16. Nimbadl Thailam, See:Margosa Oil, 780.
17. Nimba Thailam, 347.
18. "Nimbur", See:-"Limbur", 931.
19. Nirgundi oil, 1279.
20. Nitrate of mercury ointment, A/137.
.
21: Nityananda Rasa, M/49.
22. "Noyean" French Liquer,
691.
23. Nuclein, 1300.
24. "Nutmetose", 125.
25. "Nuttose", 125.
1.
Oatmeal Blanc-mange, or
Creamed Oatmeal, 163.
2. Oats, See:-"Q u a k e r
Oats," 163.
3. Oil of Arsenic, (See:. Butter of Arsenic), M/18
& 19.
4. Oil of Arsenic disulphide,
. M/20.
5. Oil of Tortoise, A/l54.
6. Oil of yellow & red 01'piment, M/2.3.
7.. Ointments: M/23; M/41;
M/45;
M/67;
M/83;
M/97; Mi103; M/122;
M/132; lVI/133; A/137;
A/159; A/206.
8. Ointment copper, Oleatum cupri, M/53.
9. Oleate of mercury, M/83.
10. Oleatum cupri, (Ointment of copper), M/53.
11. Oleatum morphinae, 913.
12. Oleoresin, 776.
of
655
13. Oleo-resinous
extract,
1022 ..
14. Oleum Adepis, (See:Lard oil), A/137.
15. Oleum ceti (Sper.moil)"
A/1M.
16. Oleum chenopodii, 1165.
17. Oleum cinnamomum, 328 ..
18. Oleum hyperial, 673.
19. Oleum Santali (B.P.),
1099.
19a. Oleum menthae piperitae,
789.
20. Oleum terebinthinae rec-
tificatum, 958.
21. Oleum squalae, A/231 ..
22. "Olibene", 211.
23. Omum water, See:Camphor julep, or Aj-.
wan-ka-arak, 920, 1029.
24. Ol'ange marmalade, 341.
25. Ore, white lead, See:Carbonate.
26. "Orisol", 190; 195.
27. Orpimtcnt (oil of yelloW'
or red), M/23.
28. Otto or Attar of Roses,
or Rose Oil, 1072.
29. Ovapana, 372.
30. Ovi albumen,
(Albumin), A/162.
31. Ovi testa, (Egg shell),
A/163.
32. Ovi
vitellus
(Yolk),
A/162; A/164.
33. Ovum-albumin, (of Egg),
A/162.
34. Oxide, (minium), M/83.
35. Oxides of iron, or prepared iron, M/57.
36. Oxide of lead, (Lead
oxide) or Flowers of
lead, M/84.
37. Oxide of Silver, black,
See:-Tara
b has m a,
M/14.,
656
38.
Oxide of tin, (See:-Tin,

oxide of), M/1l8; M/1l7.
. 39. Ox's urine, (Urine, ox~s),
A/233.
40. Oxymel 1257.
1. Pachanabheda Churna,
M/31.
2. Pachwai
(See:-Rice
beer), 888.
3. Palo, or Satt-gilo, 358.
4. Pancha-amrita
See:Pancha-nimba gutica, 783
5. Panchajiraka-paka, 856.
6. Pancha kapitha, 536.
7. Pancha kashaya, 1048.
8. Pancha Kola Churnam,
968.
9. Panch a
Iavana,
650;
M/98.
10. Panchamrita par pat i,
M/77.
11. Panchanimba Gutika, or
Pancha-amrita, 783.
12. Panchapitta, A/159.
13. Panchathikthaka panakam,575.
14. Panchathikthaka powder,
& decoction, 575.
15. Pancha tikta ghrita, ~83.
16. Panchavaktra Rasa, 24;
M/123.
17. Panchavalkaladi Tailum,
553.
18. Panchavalkala Kashaya,
552.
19. Panchajiraka pa_ka, 856.
20. Pan d u sud a n a Rasa,
M/78.
,
21. Panceya, See:-S h a danga Paniya, 429.
22. Papain, See:-Finkler's
Papain, 277.
s
23. Paraldehyde, 912.
_
,J..."
24. Paregoric Elixir, or Compound tincture of Camphor, 252/253.

injections,
25. Par e n tal
A/184.
26. Parpatis, M/77.
27. Pasteurised milk, A/176.
28. Pas till e s, aromatic,
(See:-Aromatic
pas~illes ), A/234.
29. Pathadya Churna, 647.
30. Pathyadi K vatha, 1208.
31. Patoladi kvatha, 1237.
32. Patoladya churnam, 1237.
See:-B han g,
33. Patti,
Siddhi, Subji, etc.
34. Paustik, 819.
35. Pauttika, A/192.
36. Payasa, See:-Payasam
& Kheer, 887, 22.
37. Payasam or Halwa, of
testicles of a 'sheep or
goat, A/143.
38. Payasam, See:-Kheer &
Payasa, 22; A/143; 887.
39. Pearl compound, A/210.
40. Peppermint oil,
(or
oleum menthae piperitae,
B.P.) 789.
41. "Pepper-pot", 707.
42. Peptalac, See:-Cow &
Gate's Peptalac, A/177.
43. Peptonised or Predigested Milk, (See:-Cow &
Gate's Peptalac), A/176;
A/I77; A/178; A/188.
44. Percolated liquor, 454.
45. Pessarie~of Saffron, 391.
46. Phalaghrlta, 154.
47. Phanita, r083.
48. "Phodni", 2It3;49. Phosphate of Lime, M/41.
50,. "Phutanas", 312.
51. Picrotoxin, 361.
152. l'ipe-clay, prepared or
purifie,d, M/7.
INDEX
53. Pippali Arista, 967.

54. Pippuladi Lauha, M/60.
Bhasma, M/70;
55. Pita
M/71.
56. Pittal Bhasma, M/48.
57. Pittantaka Rasa, A/209.
58. "Plantation ginger", 1311.
59. Plasmon, A/178.
60. Plasmoquin, 326.
61. Plaster, Aj207.
62. Plaster of Paris, M/46.
63. Plumbago blister, 990.
64. "Pohas", 887; 889.
65. "Polenta" (Maize meal),
1306.
66.. Pongamol (Pongamia oil
or Honge oil), 1002.
67. "Poor Man's Treacle",
1261.
68. Poppy oil, S~e~-Maw or
Poppy oil, 903.
69. Poppy, Syrup of Red,
See:-Syrup of
Red
Poppy, 901.
70. Porridge, 1249.
71. "Post", See:-"Kuknar",
& "Char-bughra", 914.
72. Potassium ferro-cyanide,
M/51.
73. Potassium Permanganate
913.
74. Potato Meal, 1156.
75. Pottali
Hemagarbha
Rasa, M/34.
76. Poudre-de-riz, 886~
77. Poushtik, 927; 945.
78. Powdered Milk, See:Desiccated milk, See:Lactogen, A/176; Aj175;
A/183.
79; Powdered sulphur,
M/l22.
,
80. Powder of Iron, or Iron
powder, M/56.
81. PrabhaI}jana
Vimardhana, 1137.
42
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
108.
657
Pradarari Lauham, 648.

Pradararipoo Rasa, M/82.
"Prameha cure", 874.
Prameha Mihira Taila,
154.
Pranada Gutika, 970.
Pranadi Gutika, 1210.
Prasarini Leha, 893.
Pravala Bhasma, (Coral
Ash), A/157.
Predigested Milk, See:-(Peptonised Milk), See:-(Cow & Gate's Peptalac)
A/178.
Prepared Chalk, or Creta
Praeparata, M/41.
Prepared Copper, M/50;
Mj51.
Prepared iron or Oxides
of iron, M/57.
Prepared or purified
pipe-clay, (See:-Pipeclay, prepared or purified), Ml7.
Prepared Silver, See:Sulphide of Silver, M/14.
Preserve,
See:-Jelly,
1019.
Prithuka, (Chura), 887.
Prithvisara Taila, 1004.
Prolac, See:-Cow &
Gate's Prolac, A/177.
Proof Spirit,
(See:Arrack), 1301.
Protein Milk, See:-Cow
& Gate's Prolac, Aj176;
A/177; A/188.
"Protose", 125.
Protoxide of lead, or
Massicot, M/84.
Puddings, 1249.
"Pulque", 54.
Pulv. Glycerisa Co., 912.
Punamava Leha, 207.
Punamava
Mandura,
Aj233.
658
THE INDIAN.
~TERIA
109. Punarnavastaka, 207.

110. Punarnava Taila, 207.!
111. Purana
Ghrita,
(old
ghee), A/187.
112. "Puranpoli", 312.
113. Purified c hoI est ~'i n,
A/137.
114. Putapakwavisamajwr~n
taka Laupa, M/53.
115. Putrefied milk, A/180.
116. Pyroxylin or gun-cotton,
590.
1. "Quaker Oats", 163.

2. Quinetum,317.
3. Quininum, 317.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
"Raggi", 888.
Ragi kanji, or Chodi
kanji, 478.
"Rag-outs", 1249.
Rajmriganka Rasa, M/79;
M/87; M/123.
Rakta Bhasma, (or Kastur Bhusan, or Rasa
sindura); M/70; M/80;
M/71; M/128.
Ramabana Rasa, or Ramban Rasa, 24; M/21.
Ras, See:-Gool,1083.
Rasa Karpura, (or Camphor of Mercury or Rasakapura, See:-Calomel;
Sweta bhasma; White
ash, M/71; M/72;- M/81;,
M/81; M/70.
Rasanjana, (EXtract of
Berberis aristata), 188;
M/82.
Rasa
Parpati, M/34;
M/70; M/72;
($ee:Black sulphide of Mercury; Krishna bhasma;
Kajjali).
Rasa sindura, or _Kastur
bhusan or Rakta_ bhasma,
.,_'"
."
12._
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26~
27.
28.
29.
30.
3!.
32.
33.
34.
35.
MEDICA
Shadguna Balijarita Rasa

sindura, M/71; M/36;
M/72;
M/80;
M/75'
M/128.
'
Rasaut, 188; 190.
Rasavanti, 188.
Rasayana chikitsa, 664.
Rasayanamrita
Leha,
lVI/59.
Rasendra gutika, M/78.
Rasnadi Tailum, M/131.
Raspberry jam, 1078.
Ratnagarbha pottali Rasa,
M/34.
Ratnagiri Rasa, M/2.
"Ratoon Ginger", 1314.
Raughan-i-banafsha, 1274
Raw milk, A/182.
Red oxide of lead of
minium, (See:-Sindura)
M/83.
Red Poppy, Syrup of,
See :-Syrup
of
Red
Poppy, 1901.
Red sulphide of mercury,
See:-Cinilabar; M/68;
69; lVI/72.
Rice-beer, (See:-Pachwai) , 888.
Ric(!-poultice, 886; 990.
Rice-water mixture, 885.
Rohitaka Lauha, M/60.
Rose oil, See:~Otto, or
Attar of Roses, 1072.
Rose-water, 1071; 107~.
Rosseum, 912.
Rukkes~e Rasa, 398.
Russian musk, M/197.
1. Sabjee, 259.
2. Saccharated solution, of
lime, M/42.
3. Saccharum lac,tis, See:Milk
sugar,
A/176;
A/217.
---~------
--- -
INDEX
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
"Sacrocrysin", or "Sano34.
crysin", M/39.
35.
Sadanga guggula, 170.
Sadanga paniya, 925.
Safed sukkar, or Chini
36.
sukkar, 1084.
of,
Saffron, pessaries
See:-Pessaries of Saf37.
fron, 391.
38'.
S a has rap uti Abhra,
39.
M/125.
Saindhvadya taila, 1313.
40.
S a j j i k a d y a Churna,
41.
M/102.
Sajjikhar, M/l02.
42.
"Sake", 887.
Salol, M/75.
Salpa
Masha
Taila,
43.
M/l09.
Salt water snuff, (Nasal
44,
douche), M/113.
Samasarkara
churna,
1311.
45.
Sambarsinga
bhasma, \ 46.
A/153; A/160.
47.
Sambarsing paste, A/153.
Sar,nbukadi taila, A/142.
48.
Sambunatha Rasa, 920.
Samiragaja Kesari, 1179.
49.
Sanocrysin, or Sacrocry50.
sin, M/39.
51.
Saptashali Vati, M/8l.
52.
53,
Sarkara, See:-Chini or
Safed Sukkar, 1084.
54.
Sarvanga-sundara Rasa,
55'.
M/2.
Sarveshwar Rasa, M/123.
S<ltaputa Abhrakam,- 56.
Sata-Putabhrakam, 359;
57.
M/129.
"Sathe", or Am-poli", 58.
767.
59.
"Sati Food", 419.
Satt-gilo or Palo, 358.
60.
"Satuche pith", 655.
Saubhagya Sunti, 1311.
61.
659
Saubhagya vatika, 24.

Sauvir Anjana, or Black
surma; Galena, M/83;
M/87.
Seesa Bhasma, or Naga
Bhasma,
(lead
ash),
M/82; M/84.
"Semecarpol", 1120.
Serum-albumin, A/162.
Shadanga Paniya, or
Paneeya, 429.
Shaddharana Yoga, 991.
Shadguna Balijarita Rasa
M/69.
S had gun a Balijarita
Rasa-sindura, or Rasasindura, M/80.
S ham b u k a Bhasma,
(Snail shells), M/40).
Shanka Bhasma, (Conch
Shell Ash or Silicate of
Magnesia), M/40; A/165.
Shankha Vati, A/165.
Shatavari ghrita, 154.
Sheep's milk, or' Ewe's
milk, A/lSI; A/185.
Shell-ash, See:-Cowri
bhasma, A/159.
Sherbats, A/227.
Sherry, 1289.
"Shindi", 946.
Shoathahar Loha, M/60.
Shora Kalmi, (refined),
M/91.
"Shoyu", 1146.
Shukti bhasma, M/40;
See:-Bivalve shells.
Shula
Gaja
Kesari,
A/159.
Shulaharanayoga, 1179.
Siddha Jogeshwar, M/66.
S:iddhamakaradhwaj am"
832.
Siddhartha ghrita, 213;
214.
Siddhi, or Bhang, Subji
660
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
& Patti, 259 & 260.

Sidhu, (fermented liq~or)
or Gaudy, 1084.
.
SHajit basmam, M/12~.
Silicate of
Magnesia,
(See:-Shanlilia bhasma,
or Conch shell ash),
A/165; M/40.
Silver Bhasma, and Silver leaf, M/14.
Silver, prepared, See:Prepared silver, M/14.
Sindura, See:-Red oxide
of lead of minium, M/83.
Sinduradya Taila, M/87.
Sinhanada guggula,
M/121.
Siva ghrita, A/142.
Skimmed Lactic Acid
milk,
(See:-B u t t e r
milk), A/I77; A/178.
Skim milk, A/183.
Skimmed milk, A/176;
A/178.
Smaltite, M/66.
Snail shells (Shambuka
bhasma), M/40.
Snake-venom injection,
A/225.
S n a k e - v e nom pills,
A/225.
Snuff; 1213; M/5; M/20;
M/114.
.
Sdo~~h:):t ~ii~~:
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
(Nasal 106.
Sodium
hydnocarpate,
659.
Solution of Nitre, M/93.
Solution
of sulphur,
(See:-Balsam of sulphur), M/122.
"Soma-juice", 240.
Somala bhasma, M/19.
Somanath Rasa, M/1l8.
Somaraji taila, 126.9.
Somesvara Rasa, ~L61.
"
88.
107.
108.
109.
110.
111.
112.
Sona bhasma,
(Gold
powder or ashes), M/33.
Soups, 1249.
"Soya", 1146.
"Soy-bean" milk, (See:"Miso", 1146.
Sperm oil, or Oleum ceti,
A/I54.
Spirits of Camphor, 253.
"Spirits of had's horn",
A/153.
Spray (alum) (See:Alum spray), M/5.
Squalae, oleum, See:Oleum Squalae.
Sri. J ayamangala Rasa,
See:--J ayamangala Rasa,
M/15.
Sringarabhra, M/127.
Sringyadi Churna, 966;
1063.
Srotonjana or Suffed
Surma, (White surma),
M/87.
"Staff of Life", See:Wheat bread, 1248.
Stale bread, 1248.
Steam-bath,
(See:Neem steam-bath), 1074.
Sterilized alum lotion,
See:-Alum,
sterilized
lotion, M/5.
'Styptol',911.
Subcutaneous injection,
M/113.
Strychnine, hypodermically, 913,,,,!"
Subji,
Patti;
Siddhi,
Bhang, 26=0/259.
Sublimed sulphur, or
"Milk
of
Sulphur",
M/122.
Rasa,
Suchikabharana
A/226.
Sudarsana Churna, 574.
Sudhanidhi Rasa, M/60.
INDEX
113. Sufeda, M/85.

114. Suffed" Surma or Srotonjana, (White surma),
M/87.
115. Sugar solutions, acidulated (sherbats), A/227.
116. Sukkar, See:-Chini or
Safed sukkar.
117. Sukti bhasma, (See:Jalasukti), A/2ll; A/212.
118. Sulki fish, A/215.
119. Sulochanamr ita b h r a,
M/127.
120. Sulphate
of nicotine,
See:-Nicotine sulphate.
121. Sulphide of lead, (Galena), M/83.
122. Sulphide
of
Silver,
(See:-Prepared Silver)
M/14.
] 23. Sulphur baths, M/122.
124. Sulphur, sublimed, See:-Milk of sulphur, M/122.
125. Sunflower oil, 614.
126. Sunta ghrita, 1312.
]27. "Sunth", (dried ginger),
1314.
128. 'Surinjan-i-talkh', 370.
129. S urma, wh 1t e, S ee:Srotonjana, M/87.
130. Suryailavartha
Rasa,
'M/51; M/121.
131. Sutki fish, A/215.
132. Sutikabindu,
or Garbhabilasa Rasa, M/52.
133. Suvarna-Parpati,
or
Man a mandu, M/34;
A/183.
134. S~varna Vasantha malti,
M/34; M/132.
135. Svalpa Kasturi Bhairava
Rasa, A/201.
136. Svalpakhadiravatika; 12.
137. Svalpa Lakshmibilas, or
Kapha Chin tam ani, M/80.
] 38. Svalpa Masha Taila, 941.
661
139. Svalpa methi modaka,

1242.
140. Svalparasuna pinda, 70.
141. "Svarna-sindura", M/75;
M/80.
142. Svasakuthara Rasa, or
Swasakuthar R a s a,
M/20; M/121.
143. Sveta bhasma, (white
ash), M/70.
144. "Swarasam" of Brahmi,
664.
145. Swasa Bhairava Rasa, or
Swasa Kuthar Rasa.
M/80.
146. Swasa Chi n tam ani,
M/121.
147. Swasa Gajankusa, M/15.
148. Swasakasa Chudamani,
M/121.
149. Swasa Kuthara Rasa,
(See:-S vas a k u thara
Rasa), or Swasa Bhairava Rasa, M/121; M/20;
M/80.
150. Sweet
almond meal,
(See:-Almond
meal,
swe~t), 1013.
Syrup anar, 1033.
151.
]52 Syrup of Red Poppy, 901.
.
1. Talc powder (Dhanyabhra) , M/125.
2. Tamarix manna, 1195.
3. ' Tamra Bhasma, (Copper
Bhasma), M/49; M/51.
4. Tamra Parpati, M/51.
5. Tandulambu, 887.
6. Tankanadi Vati, M/105.
7. Tara Bhasma, (See:Black Oxide of Silver),
M/14.
8. Tar a k e s h v a r Rasa
M/ll8.
9. Talakesari Rasa, M/22.
662
10. Talisadya Churna, 3',

555.
11. Tari, .210.
12. Taruna Jvarari, M/76.
13. Terebinthinae. rectificatum, oleum, 958.
14. "Tikitiki" extract, 884.
15. Tiktadya ghrita, (See:Tiktaka ghritam), 1004.
16. Tiktaka ghritam, (See:Tiktadya ghrita), 1004.
17. Tin calcined, See:-Calcined tin, etc., M/82.
18. 'Tinctura Ignatiae, 1175.
19. Tincture of Musk, A/200.
20. Tin, oxide of, See:Oxide of tin, M/118;
M/117.
21. Tin powder, See:-Vanga
bhasma, M/131.
22. Toast, 1248.
23. Toasted bread, 1248.
24. Toddy poultice,
210;
1301.
25. "Tofu", 1146.
26. Toothpowder, M/47.
27. Tor.toise oil, See:-Oil of
Tortoise, A/154.
28. Trailokya
Chintamani
'Rasa, M/2.
19. Traumatic balsam, See:Friar's balsam, 8; 1183.
30. Trayodasanga guggula,
169.
31. Treacle, 1085.
32. Treacle, Poor Man's,~12.
33. Tribhuvana Keerti Rasa,
M/76.
34. Trikatu, 1210; 1310.
35. Trimada, 991.
36. Trinetra Rasa, M/117.
37. Trinitrobutyltoluol, AI
204.
38. T r i n itro-meta-teIitiarybutyl-toluene, A/201.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
Triphala churnam, 1204;

Triphala powder, M/57.
Triphala guggula, 170.
Triphala kashayam, 1207.
Triphala powder, M/57.
(See:-TriJ2!lala
churnam), 1204.
Trivikrama Rasa, M/80.
Trivrit churnam, 694;
1070.
Trivrit Leyham, 693.
'fr. Opi. Lecithin, 912.
Tryushanadi
La u h a,
M/58; M/6l.
Tumburadya
churna,
693.
Tutanag pashan, M/133.
Tutham or Tuttanjana,
(Collyrium), 370; M/54.
Tuttanjana or Tutham,
M/54.
"Tuttanjana", or Tutham,
370; M/54.
Tuvaraka tailam, 347.
R a s a,
1. Udakamanjari
A/159.
2. Unguentum galle, cum.
opio, 1195.
3. Unguentum gynocardiae,
(See:-Chaulmugra ointment) 603; 604.
4. Unleavened bread, 1249.
5. Unprepgred
cop per,
M/51.
6. Urines '1 of
animals,
A/232 & A/233.
7. Utpaladi 's!itam, 860.
1. Vaccipe, A/155.
2. V a d a van a 1 Churna,
M/I09.
'l
3. Vadavanal Rasa, M/78.
'4. Vahni Rasa, M/78.
INDEX
Vaishnavanat ~htirnam,
M/ll1.
6. Vajrakapata Rasa, M/76;
M/123.
7. Vakerio-Iadu, 282.
8. Vanari Vatika, (Boluses)
819.
9. Vanga bhasma, M/1l8;
M/131.
10. Yang esh wa r a Rasa,
M/ll8.
11. Van-Hounten's
Cocoa,
(See:-Chocolate powder, 1216.
12. "Vanillin", 838; 1264.
13. Varalians, 420.
14. Vartaloham, M/49.
15. Varunadya ghrita, 388.
16. Varunadya guda, 388.
17. Varunadya taila, 388.
18. Vasachandani taila, 43.
19. Vasa Kushmanda Kanda,
186.
Kusumakar
20. Vasanta
Rasa, 509, or Vasanta
K u sum a k. e 1.' a Rasa,
A/157; A/209.
21. Vas ant a tilaka Rasa,
A/201.
22. Vasavaleha, 43.
23. Vata Guduchyadi taila,
358.
Rasa,
24. Vataraktantaka
M/82.
25. Vatari Rasa, 170.
26. "Vathathapika", 664.
27. Vegetable - a I bum i n,
A!162.
28. "Vegetable calomel", 995.
29. "Vegetable Marrow", 723
30. Venom injec:tions, A/229.
31. VermicelF, 1249.
32. Vetala Rasa, M/21.
33. Vida, vidam, vita lavana,
M/98.
5.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45'.
46.
47.
48.
49.
5().
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
1.
Vidam, vida, vitlavana,

M/98.
Vidanga Lauha, M/62;
M/122.
Vidanga Taila, 480.
V idarigandhadigana
Quath, 687.
Vidyadharahhra, M/125.
Vidyadhara Rasa, M/22.
Vijayaparpati, M/34.
Vijaya Vati, M/121.
"Vimala", M/66.
Vinegar, 269; 1085.
"Virgin oil," 87().
Visama J w ran t a k aLauha, M/58; M/59.
Vishnu Taila, 154.
Vit or Vita lavana, Vida,
or Vidam, M/98.
Vrahat Panchamuli, 353;
613.
Vridha Gangadhara
Churna,
See:-Brihat
Gangadhara _Churna, 647.
Vrihat
Aswagandha
ghrita, 1136.
Vrihat Guduchyadi Taila,
358.
Vrihat Paneha-mula, 613.
See:-Vrihat
Panchamuli, 353.
Vrihat Sarva-Jwara-hara
Lauha, M/58.
Vrihat Somanatha Rasa,
M/61.
Vrihat
Vangeshwara
Hasa, 549; M/ll8.
Vrihat Vat a Gajankusa,
M/15.
War burg's Tincture,

1223.
2. Watery Extract, See:"Indian Quinine", 1221.
664
3. Wax, See:-Myrtle wax,

829.
\
4. Wheat bread, (Staff of
life) 1248.
5. Wheat coffee, 1249.
6. Wheat flour conjee, 1249.
"I. Whey,
1141;
A/176;
A/179; A/182; A/186;
A/188; M/4.
8. Whey, fermented, A/170.
9. Whey, lime, See:-Alum
whey, M/4.
10. White ash. See:-Sveta
bhasma; Rasa Karpura,
Camphor of Mercury,
M/70.
11. White bread, 1248.
12. White lead ore (carbonate), M/83.
13. White mica (Svetabhra),
M/129.
14. White of egg (albumin),
A/164.
15. White surma, See:-Srotonjana, or stiffed Surma,
M/87.
16. Whole-meal bread, 1249.
,~
"
17. "Wood-oil", (See:-Gurjanbglsam), 455.

L
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Yakridari Lauha, M/60.

"Yavagu", 886.
Yavakshar. M/109.
Yeast pouitice, 1250.
Yellow oil, A/163.
Yogaraja, M/15 & 31.
(See: under Asphaltum).
Yogaraja guggula, 169;
992.
Yogendra Rasa, M/79.
Yolk of egg, (See:-Ovi
vitellus), A/164; A/162.
Yolk, or Ovi vitellus;
A/162.
Zinc bhasma, or zinc

bhasmam, M/131.
2. Zinc, calcined, See:Calcined zinc, M/82.
3. Zinc sulphate, 913.
4. Zinc sulphate & carbonate (native calamine),
M/131.
1.
1I
INDEX OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS

(Major & Minor, significant & insignificant) in the
main text of the "INDIAN MATERIAL MEDICA"
N.B.: Letters "A" & "M" preceding the Numbers hereunder,
stand to indicate pages of the Animal & Mineral Kingdoms respectively; plain numbers are of the Vegetable
Kingdom._
A-acid, 444
A-antiarin, 128
Abrin,5
Abrine, 1187
Abrussic acid, 5
Absinthin, 141
Absinthol, 141
Absolute alcohol, 58; 227; 812;
1268
Absolute alcoholic extract, 953
i\.calyphine, 18
i\.calypus, 18
i\.-caryophyllene, 933
i\.cetate, 1261
i\.cetate of potash, 153; 1266
Acetic acid, 110; 179; 311; 396;
513; 5~8; 710; (glacial, 789);
903; 1191; 126.0
i\.cetic ethers of turpeneol, 775
i\.cetone, 22
i\.cetyl-corchorin, 377
i\.cetyl derivative, 1002
i\.cetyleugenol, 836
i\.cetylic alcohol, A/154
i\.chillein, 20
.
i\.chrosine, 289
i\.cid, 128; 362; (astringent 453;
454)
(crystalline,
455);
(crystallizable, 456); 1040;
1119; 1245; 1308
'\.cid, A, 444
'\.cid abrussic, 5
Acid acetic, 110; 179; 311; 396;
513; 538; 710; (glacial, 789);
43
903; 1191; 1260

Acid acetic, esters of, 36
Acid aconitic, 26
Acid agaric, 50; 51
Acid ailantic, 56; 57
Acid akundaric, 244
Acid aloetic, 75
Acid amino, 125; 126; 545;
A/173
Acid anacardic, 96; 1119
Acid anthemic, 118
Acid arabic, 9; 855
Acid arachic, 122
Acid aracidic (arachic) 122;
1002
Acid aromatic,. oil, 699
Acid arsenious, commercial,
M/f6
Acid B, 444
Acid behenic, 811
Acid benzoic, 316; 464; 487;
585; 683; 747; 1002; 1182;
M/24; M/25; M/26; M/27
Acid brassic, glycerides of, 217
Acid butyric, 36; 285; 306; 396;
585; 778
Acid butyric, glyceride of,
A/178
Acid caffeic, 368
Acid, caffeotannic, 368
Acid camphoric, 250
Acid capric, 265
Acid caprinic, glyceride of,
A/178
666
Acid caproic, 415

Acid caprylic, 363
Acid carbolic, 570; A/147
Acid carbonic, 1258; A/17.0
Acid carboxylic, 321
Acid carica fat, 274
Acid carmmlC
(see:......!.. carmine); A/155; A/15S
Acid carmiric, A/156
Acid carobic, 1011
Acid caryophyllic, 836
Acid catechuic, 11
Acid catechu-tannic, 11; 1025;
1254
Acid cathartic, 281; 287; 953;
1047; 1055
Acid cerotic, A/151
Acid chaulmoogric, 601
Acid chaulmugric, 658
Acid chebulinic, 1206
Acid chinic or Quinic, 316
Acid chinovic, 316
Acid chrysamic, 75
Acid chrysophan, (See:-RUImicin, Sennacrol); 287; 1057
Acid chrysophanic, 100; 283;
284; 286; 287; 289; 290;
291; 922; 1057; 1059; 1079;
1080
Acid cincho'-tannic, 316; 674.
Acid cinnamic, 36; 328; 464;
747; 1182
Acid citric, 191; 274; 339; 342;
345; 347; 536; 761; 765; 838;
873; 876; 903; 950; 1014;
1065; 1078; 1155; 1191; 1222;
1287
Acid cocinic, 600
Acid coffeo-tannic, 366
Acid colchiceine, 369
Acid commercial arsenious,
M/16
Acid costic, 1108
Acid crotonic or Quartenylic,
396
Acid crotonoleic, 396
Acid crystallisable, 1318'
Acid cubebic, 400
/ ..l.J~-
Acid curcumic, 416

Acid di-hydroxy-benzoic, :>88
Acid di-hydroxy-stearic, 179;
1002
Acid elemic, 253
Acid ellagic, 517; 1032
Acid embellic, 478
Acid eugenic, 836
Acid euonic, 520
Acid fatty, 268; 306; 305; 601;.
661; 699; 878; 1002; 1149;
1150; 1170; 1265; 1266; M/26;
A/156
Acid fatty crystalline, 385
Acid fatty crystallizable, 513
Acid fatty fluid, 818
Acid, fatty free, 818
Acid fatty free & volatile, 777
Acid fatty glycerides of (soluble & insoluble, 778); 133
Acid ferulic, 537
Acid ferulic, free, 538
Acid filicic, 761
Acid formic, 179; 513; 538; 710; ,
1258; 1260; A/192
Acid, frangulic, 1059
Acid free, 109, 51~; 778; 1099;
1277
Acid free fatty, 818
Acid free ferulic, 538
Acid free glycerides of fatty,
133
Acid free tartaric, 717; 765
Acid fruit, 1316
Acid fumaric, 561
Acid fungic, 50
Acid gallic, 130; 208; 223;' 248;
369; 505; 5,p; 526; 577; 765;
822; 859; '975; 999; 1025;
1042; 1057~ 1072; 1113; 1161;
1197; 1206 =
Acid ga110-tanhlc,'- 836; 975;
1025; 1042; 1203
Acid ga~janic, 456
Acid gentianic, 573
Acid gluco-tannic, 1199
, Acid glycerides of, 227; 1036
Acid glycerides of brassic, 217
INDEX
Acid glycerides of butyric,

A/178
Acid glycerides of caprinic,
A/178
Acid glycerides of caprylic,
A/178
Acid glycerides of carponic,
A/178
Acid glycerides of dihydroxystearic, 1066
Acid of erucic, 217
Acid glycerides of fatty, (Soluble, insoluble), 778; 818
Acid glycerides of free fatty,
818
Acid glycerides of lauric, 363;
396
Acid glycerides of linoleic, 228;
377; 1127
Acid glycerides of myristic,
363; 396
Acid glycerides of oleic, 217;
228' 377' 1127
Acid ' glyc~rides of palmitic,
227; 228; 363; 396
Acid glycerides of palmitin &
olein, 122
Acid glycerides of ricinoleic,
1066
Acid glycerides of ricinoleic &
isoricinoleic,
(See: - Rici.noleate of glycerol or triricinolein) 1066
Acid glycerides of stearic, 217;
227; 228; 396
Acid glycerides of unsaturated
fatty, 957
.
Acid glycerides of volatile, 396
Acid gum, 39
Acid gymnemic, 597
Acid gynocardic, 600
Acid hanno-tannic, 731
Acid harminic, 928
Acid heptylic, 35
.
Acid hippuric, M/26; M/27
Acid humic, M/25
Acid hydnocarpic, 601; 658;
661 i
667
Acid hydrate of silicic, 173

Acid hydrocyanic, 1014; 1016,
1077
\
Acid hydroxy, 4; 1066
Acid hyoscinic, 670
Acid hypogaeic,
Acid hypogoeic, 122; 601
Acid igasuric, 1175
Acid inorganic; 543; 811
Acid isolauric, 479
Acid isolinolenic, 602
Acid isolinolic, 878
Acid isomeric with malic, 561
Acid isovalerianic, 1260; 1261
Acid jatrophic, 705
Acid jibantic, 444
Acid juglandic, 709
Acid karanjol carboxylic, 1002
Acid kino-tannic, 223; 513; 1025
Acid k-oxalate of potassium,'
1079
Acid lactic, 903; A/170; A/l72;
A/l77; A/179
Acid lansinic, 725
Acid larcic, 50
Acid lauric, 134; 479; 653; 777;
1170
Acid lectucic, 720
Acid lignoceric,
Acid lignocerric, 122, 223,
811; 1002
Acid linoleic, 743
Acid linoleic, triglyceride of,
505
Acid linolenic, 602; 1002
Acid linolic, 122; 223; 601; 667;
1002
Acid maizenic, 1305
Acid Malic, 9; 13; 191; 274;'
289; 311; 342; 381; 435; 448;
538; 561; 5g2; 622; 632; 765;
787; 838; 950; 1014; 1015;
1018; 1039; 1065; 1072; 1078;
1191; 1260; 1266; 1278; 1287
Acid margaric, salts of, A/230
Acid margosic, 777; 778
Acid mastichic, (or Alpharesin) 974
668
Acid meconic, 903

~cid meta-gallic, 1042
Acid methyl-crotonic, 396
Acid monobasic, 1120
,
Acid monosemicarbazone, 47~
Acid mucic, 1170; A/183
Acid mudaric, 244
Acid myristic, 567; 667; 811;
830; 1002
.
Acid Myrrhic, 170
Acid nicotinic, 122
Acid nitric, A/183
Acid non-volatile, 720
Acid nucleinic, 1300
Acid oleic, 122; 223; 567; 602;
777; 811; 818; 878; 1002;
1051; 1170; 1265; A/138
Acid -oleic, salts of A/230
Acid oleic, triglyceride of, 505
Acid opelic, 573; 1184
Acid organic, 8; 19; 52, 166;
226; 300; 412; 419; 531; 597,
.622; 624; (yellow, 717); 851;
855; 903; 925; 1047; 1099;
1150;
1157;
(astringent,
1164; 1199; 1278; 1298
Acid organic, non-crystalline,
617
Acid oxalate of potassium, 890
Acid oxalic, 88; 164; 287;
1007
Acid oxim, 478
Acid oxy, 1119
Acid palmitic, 36; 122; 179;
223; 600; 601; 653; 658; 667;
811; 878, 1002; A/138; A/151;
A/154
Acid palmitic, esters of, 36
Acid palmitic triglyceride of,
505
Acid papayic, 274
Acid phosphoric, 50; 99; 122;
179; 274; 311; 342; 458; :477;
506; 548; 582; 597; 630; 653;
766; 893; 940; 1018; 1050;
1241; 1245; 1266; M/24; M/26
Acid plumeric, 993
:t
Acid podophyllic, 994
-"-
Acid polygonic, 999

Acid potassium oxalate,
(See: -oxalic acid)
Acid principles, 395, (yellow,
1302)
Acid protocatechuic, 588
Acid prussic, 71; 707; 1012;
1036
Acid p-toluic, 416
Acid punico-tannic, 1032
Acid quartenylic (or crotonic)
396
Acid quercitannic, 1072
Acid quinic or chinic, 316
Acid qUinoline-amino-acetylp-arsenillic, 322; 323
Acid racemic, 1287
Acid resin, 5; 137; (black, 238)
(yellow bitter, '238); 274;
(glucosidal, 385); 457; 582;
588; 818; 1135; 1234, 1268;
1278
Acid resinous, 227
Acid rheo-tannic, 1057
Acid ricinoleic & isorisinoleic,
glycerides of, 1066
Acid rumicin, (See: -chrysophanic acid):; 1079; 1080
Acid Salicylic, 14; 234; 570;
587; 701; 1015; 1064; 1090;
1139
Acid santalic (or Santalin)
1026
Acid saturated, 1292
Acid sennacrol,-See:Chrysophan
Acid silicic, 66; 179; 653; 976
Acid silicic, hydrate of, 173
Acid smilaspericJ 620
Acid stearic, 179; 363; 667; 777;
811; 1002; A/r38
Acid stearic~' dihydroxy, 179;
567
.
Acid stearic, salts of, A/230
Acid strychnic, 1175
Acid substance, 1020
Acid succinic, 141; 1155
Acid sulphuric, 99; 179; 517;
---
INDEX
582; 591; 765; 903; 1287;

M/26; M/100
Acid tannic, (See:-Tannin),
26; 45; 115; 184; 208; 230;
248; 281; 289; 316; 354; 369;
375; 505; 761; 822; 848; 859;
949; 999; 1018; 1042; 1057;
1072; 1090; 1093; 1099; 1113;
1161; 1181, 1194; 1197; 1206;
1264; 1287; 1290
Acid ~rtaric, 191; 274; 287;
363; 585; 597; 632; (free, 717;
768); 903; 1072; 1155; 1191;
1287
Acid tartrate of potassium,
1287
Acid terephthalic, 416
Acid tiglic, 396
Acid tiglinic, 396
Acid turpethic, 692
Acid turpetholic, 692
Acid unsaturated, 1230; 1292
Acid u'rushic, 776
Acid valerianie, 396; 538; 720;
1047; 1260; A/138
Aeid valerianie, esters of,
1260; 1261
Acid valerie, 110; 134; 415; 778
Acid valerie, ethereal salts of,
1108
Acid, volatile, 720; 778
Acid yellow, 806
Acid zizyphic, 1316; 1318
Aconine, 24
Aconitic acid, 26
Aconitina, 1074
Aconitine, 24; 28
Acoretin, (choline), 35
Acorin, 35
A-costene, 1108
Acrid brown oil, 96
Acrid oil (cardol), 96
Aerid principle, 116; 876
Acrid substance, violet, 1277
A-croeetin, 390
Actinodaphnine, 38
Active principles, 176; 400; 475;
736; 1097; 1108
669
Adansonin, 39
Adenine, 248; 310; 366
Aesculetin, 524
Agarie acid, 50; 51
Agaricin, 51; 1001
Agaricol, 51
1'tgavose, 54
Ailantic acid, 56; 57
Ajmalicine, 1051
Ajmaline, 1051 .
Ajmalinine, 1051
Ajwan-ka-phul-see: - Crude
thymol; Flowers of ajowan
camphor, 1028
A-Kosin, 213
Akundarie acid, 244
Akundarin, 238
Akundarol, 244
Akundarol-isovalerate, 244
Alangine', 58
Alangine sulphate, 59
Alban, 237; ~243
Albumen, 65; 119; 134; 153;
179; 278; 363; 435; 457; 517;
520; 545; 562; 572; 591; 608;
627; 670; 720; 753; 818; 851;
855; 986; 1039; 1078; 1083;
1113; 1181; M/119; A/136;
A/162; A/178; A/230
Albumen, oily, 658
Albumen, vegetable, 50
Albumin, 162, 692; 705; 878;
903; 1015; 1020; 1241; (fraction B, 1241); 1287; A/189;
, A/220
Albuminoid principle, 1057
Albuminoids, 1; 39; 63; 87; 90;
95; 104; 106; 109; 122; 146;
180; 210; 218; 222; 223; 232;
274; 278; 298; 304; 305; 307;
309; 311; 312; 335; 381; 407;
412; 414; 419; 421; 441; 449;
450; 458; 460; 461; 462; 477;
507; 526; 544; 557; 584; 588;
595; 602; 653; 667; 684; 696;
697; 698; 722; 726; 734; 751;
766; 806; 822; 873; 879; 880;
881; 896; 897; 898; 899; 923;
670
924; 929; 931; 938; 939; 942;

957; 977; 1014; 1050; 1p66;
1081; 1095; 1130; 1131; 1152;
1154; 1165; 1191; 1214; 1?26;
1234; 1241; 1246; 1298; 1305;
1306; 1308; ~/26; ~)27;
(case in, A/172 & 178). , ....
Albuminous carbonate, 39
Albuminous compounds,
(See: -nitrogenous compounds), 506
Albuminous matter, 121; 122;
152; 179; 423; 428; 597; 662;
688; 720; 761; 980; 1168;
A/197
Albuminous principle, 1012
Albuminous substances-see:
-Albuminoids;
Albuminous
matter; Albuminous
principle.
Albumoses, 5; A/173; A/220
Alcohol, 59; 513; 933; 1287;
~/25; A/170
Alcoholic beverage, 146
Alcoholic extract, 336; 952;
(absolute, 1105); 1157
Alochol, non-volatile, called
'CardoI' 1119
Alcohol 2 d-pinene, 381
Alcohol soluble constituents,
1099
Aldehyde, 14; 110; 328; 513;
570; (isovaleric) 1099
Aliphatic oil, 479
Alizarin, (See: -Orange-red)
610; 1076
Alkali, 597; 822; 1040; 1181;
~/124
Alkaline
1181
Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkaline
Alkaline
823
Alkaline
A/162
carbonates, 226; 366;

chlorides, 226; 1199
liquid, colourless, 851
nitrates, 804; 1165
oil, colourless, 850
phosphates, 134; 366;
salts, 134; 176; .. 869;
. ."_::_-
..
Alkaline sulphates, 8; 134; 226;

662
Alkaloidal principle, 282; 420;
(content, 487); crystalline,
529); 667; 857
Alkaloidal substance, 778; 1020
Alkaloidal Yield, 1051
Alkaloids, 4; 19; 20; 26; 58;
(phenolic & non-phenolic,
59); 62; 87; 95; 98; 102; 114;
116; 130; 138; 139; 145; 161;
179; 187; 203; 225; 226; 255;
266; 267; (volatile, 268); 290;
292; 296; 298; (crystalline,
299); 300 304; 309; 314; 333;
336; 354; 362; (bitter, 369);
385; 388; 394; 395; 415; 428;
430; 442; 443; 444; 445; oM8;
(toxic, 449 & 451); 454; 465;
474; 478; 486; 512; 524; 526;
531; 534; 543; 548;, 557; 560;
572; 579; (bitter, 580); 585;
(crystalline, 586); 591; 592;
609; 612; (toxic, 616); 617;
622; ,624; 633; (non-oxygenated, 635); (toxic, 656);
667; 670; 672; 683; 685; 689;
701; 703; 714; 718; 720; 721;
739; 740; 748; 749; 750; 755;
770; 771; (bitter, 777); 778;
794; 798; 807; (white crystalline, 811); 817; 848; 858; 869;
(amorphous,
872);
892;
(oily, 897); 900; 901; 903;
(mucilaginous, 926); 927;
(narcotic, 932); 934; 937;
940; (slightly bitter acrid,
952); 953; ,1}65; (volatile,
969); 987; 995; 1002; 1008;
1009; (bitter; 1010); (total,
1023); (liquio (1032); 1056;
1088; 10!f2; (bitt~r- -crystalline, 1093); 1097; 1106; 1108;
1114; 1117; 1118; 1125; 1126;
1135; (poisonous crystalline,
1142); 1150; 1157; 1160; (bit'ter, 1162); (toxic & total,
1175); 1176; (bitter, 1189);
INDEX
1190; 1197; 1214; 1220; 1228;

1230; 1234; 1253; 1261; 1263;
1268; (whitish crystalline,
1271); 127'\; 1278; 1281; 1282;
1290; (bitter 1292) ; 1303;
A/220.
Alkatorit, 1260
Allantoin, 987
Allyl, 65; 537
Allyl cyanide, 71
Allyl isothiocyanate, (see:Volatile oil) 71; 1140
Allyl persulphide, 537
Aloetic acid, 75
Aloin, 73; 75; 76
Alpha, 444
Alpha-cellulose, (see:Cellulose) 878
Alpha Gisekia, 578
Alpha paederine, 892
Alpha-resin (mastichic ~\Cid),
. 974
Alpinin, 77
Alstonamine, 83
Alstonine, 81
Althaein, 85
Alum, 1287
Alumina,173; 823; 1214; M/17;
M/26; M/99; A/211
Aluminium, 778; 976; 1199
Aluminium salts, 1199
Ambrein, A/139
Aminoacids, 125; 126; 545;
A/173
Aminoalkyl
quinolines, 322
Aminoalkylquinolinium salts,
322
Amino-compounds, 1154
Ammonia, 50; 478; 1182; 1258;
.,
A/197; A/232
Ammonium, 851; 1197
Ammonium salts, 904
Amorphous and crystalline
substance, 778
.
Amorphous euphorbia resin,
528
Amorphous powder, yellow,
582; 1268
671
Amorphous principle, 994

Amorphous product, 1218
Amorphous substance, white,
1104
Amorphous very bitter mass,
243'
Amorphous yellow powder,
582; 1268
Amygdali:q., 743; 1012; 1015;
1016; 1038
Amyrin,253
Anacardic acid, 96; 1119
Anacardol
(Monohydroxyphenol), 1119 see also:Semecarpol, 1120)
Anamirtin, 99
Andromedo-toxin, 1060; 1074
Anemonin, 112; 1049
Anethine, 935
Anethol, 253
Anethole, (see:-Anise camphor) 558; 955
Angelic esters of isobutyl, anyl
& hexyalcohols, 118
Anhydro-derrid, 445
Animal or Organic matter, '
A/157
Anise aldehyde, 955
Anise camphor or Anethole or
Anethol, 955
Anthemene, 118
Anthemene-a-hydrocarbon,
118
Anthemic acid, 118
Anthemol, 118
Anthraquinone, 284; 597
Anthraquinone derivatives,
1057
Antiaresin, (crystalline resin)
128
Antiarol, 128
Antimony oxide, A/153
A-picrasmin, 1040
Apiin, 119; 127; 934
Apiol, 934; 935
Aplotaxene, 1108
Apoconessine, 635
Apoil, 119
y
672
Apomorphine, 910
354', 363', 366', 379', 381', 3mi'-"
400; 407; 411; 412; 419; 421;
Aporeine, 900
Appin, 934
428; 430; 435; 441; 449; 450;
452; 457; 458; 460; 461; 462;
Aqueous extract~ 573; 952; ~53
Arabic acid, 9; 8~~
472; 474; 475; 477; 503; 506;
Arabin, 1308
519; 520; 536; 538; 542; 543;
Arachic acid, 122
544; 548; 557; 562; 570; 573;
Aracidic (arachic) acid, 122;
581; 584; 585; 588; (Soluble
1002
& Insoluble, 591); 597; 612;
Arakene, 961
632; 653; 670; 684; 696; 697;
698; 699; 705; 720; 722; 734;
Arbutin, 570
Arecaidine, 130
743; 751; 758; 761; (insoArecaine, 130
luble, 765); (solubl~~ 765);
766; 778; 799; 801; 804; S06;
Arecoline, 130
Argemone oil, 133
807; 811; 822; 823; 830; 851;
Arginine, 125; 126; 368
855; 868; 873; 878; 879; 880;
Aristolochine, 140
881; 896; 897; 898; 899; 904;
Aromadendrene, 513; 933
923; 924; 926; 929; 930; 931;
Aromatic body,. 454
938; 939; 940; 957; 969; 976;
Aromatic oil, 66; 139; (acrid,
977; 1012; 1014; 1020; 1032;
699) (Volatile, 1072);
(alkaline, 1047); 1050; 1051;
Arsenate (of copper) , M/48
1052; 1066; 1081; 1092; 1095;
Arsenate of Iron, M/16
1108; 1113; 1114; 1117; 1120;
Arsenate of cobalt, M/16
1127; 1130; 1131; 1147; 1152;
Arsenate of Nickel, M/16
1154; 1157; 1165; 1169; 1170;
Arsenic, M/14
1176; 1184; 1187; 1191; 1196~
1199; 1211; 1214; 1226; 1234;
Arsenical Ores, M/16
1241; 1245; 1246; 1247; 1257;
Arsenic oxide, 608; 744
1260; 1267; 1268; 1271; 1273;
Arsenious acid, commercial,
M/16
.
1286; 1305; 1306;
1308;
Artabotrine, 141
. M/25; M/26; M/136; A/13S;
Artemisin, 142
A/139; A/156; A/162; A/192;
A-Santalol, 1099
A/197; A/211
Asarone, 36
Asparagin,
(see: - AsparaAsaryl-aldehyde, 35
gine) 8; 152; 153; 520; 556;
582; 987; 1154; 1155.
Ascaridoles, 306
- Asparagine, 656; 842
Asclepiadin, 151
Asclepine, 151
Asperulosid, 56~
Asclepione, 243
Astringent matter, 285; 995
Ash, 1; 4; 8; 9; 11; 14; (alka- Astrirtgent
principle, 119;.
lrne, 21); 26; 45; 61;' 63; 75;
(colouring, 699)";. 701; 857;
90; 95; 102; 103; 104; 106;
876; 1108; 1119; 1206
109; 122; 134; 141; 146; 152; Atisine, 26
179; 213; 217; 218; 222; 223; Atropine, 161; 435; 440
226; 232; 245; 268; 274; 278; Atropural, 520
282; 284; 287; 296; 298; 300; Atropurpurin, 520
302; 304; 307; 309; 311; ,-:;Q2; X-truxilline, 510
313; 328; 335; 339; 3;l2;~352; A-turpinene, 306
_.

INDEX
Aucubin, (rhinanthin),
980; 986; 1270; 1271
Aurantiamarin, 339
Australol, 513
Avenin, 162
Ayapanin, 521
Azulene, 772
530;
Baborneol, 381
B-acid, 444
Bahmanine, 1093
Bahamine, 299
Balsam, 1303
Balsamic extractive, M/139
Balsamic liquid, 14
Balsamic principle, 45
B-antiarin, 128
Barbaloin, 76
Barium, 709
Barringtonin, 176; 177
Baryta, M/132
Basic hydrogen, M/124
Basic substance, 1292
Basic substance isomeric with
hyoscyamine, i.e., pseudohyoscyamine or Mandragorine, 764
Bassia oil, 181
Bassorin, 96
B-costene, 1108
B-crocetin, 390
Bebeerine, 334
Behenic acid, 811
Benzaldehyde, 14; 86; 331; 1097
Benzene-hydrocarbon, 513
Benzene-nuclei, 761
Benzoates, M/24
Benzoic acid, 316; 464; 487;
585; 683; 747; 1002; 1182;
M/24; M/25; M/26; M/27
Benzoic aldehyde, lOP
Benzoin, ,1182; 1183
Benzol, 765
Benzoyl aldehyde, 1016.
Benzoyl derivative, 1002
Benzoyl-ecgonine, 510
673
Benzyl-aconine, 24
Benzyl-alcohol, 14; 1100
Benzyl-isoquinoline group, 905
Berbamine, 191
.
Berberine, 133; 134; 187; 189;
191; 356; 384; 531; 542; 662;
(compound of, 1213); 1221;
I
1222; 1302
Beta, 444
--Beta-cellulose ( see:._Cellulose) 878
Beta Gisekia, 578
Betain, 1241
Betaine, 173; 587
Beta paederine, 892
Beta-resin or Mastichine, 974
Betel oil, 961
Betel-phenol (chavi betol) 961
Betin, 197
Betulin, 198
Bhilawanol, 1120
Bichaconitine, 30
Bihidrate of Cajuputine, 775
Bihydrochloride of cinchonidine, 1046
Bihydrochloride of cinchonine,
1046
Bihydrochloride of quinidine.
1046 .
Bihydrochloride of quinine,
1046
Bimalate of Lime, 973
Bisulphide of carbon, 765
Bisulphide of Iron, M/66
Bitter extractive matter, 50;
(principle, 504); (extract,
736); 840
Bitter principle, 45; 167; 170;
179; 181; 189; (crystalline,
200); 219; 220; (non-alkaloidal, 226; 227) ;
(yellow,
245); (neutral, 265); (nonalkaloidal, 289; (resinous,
296); 304; 335; 336; 352; 356;
3~7; 390; 434; 485;
(amorphous, 520); 579; (neutral,
596); 676; 683; (gelatinous,
751); 770; 778; 793; 804; 827;
674
THE INDIAN l:JIATERIA MEDICA
952; 1040; (toxic, 1061); Butyrate, 1261

1096;
1161;
(amorphous, Butyric acid, 36; 285; 306; 396;
585; 778
1184); (astringent, 1188);
(amorphous, 1196, 1238); Butyric aldehydes, 514
1222;
1257;
1267; 1277; Butyric ethers of turpeneol,
(crystalline, 1302)
,775
Bitter substance, 57; 140; 171; Buxinamine, 225
187; 229; 234; (yellow, 242); Buxine, 225
294; 302; '313; (crystalliIie, Buxinidine, 225
360); 534; 564; (toxic, 626); ...
656; 675; 695; 708; (amorphous, 736); 758; 777; (yellowish,
777) ;
796; 875; Cacao-butter, (fat), 1214
(toxic, 951) ; 953;
1002; Cacao-red, 1214
(crystalline, 1055);
1060; Caffeic acid, 368
(toxic, 1061); (toxic, 1097); Caffeine, 248; 366; 368; 1169;
1109;
1113;
(crystalline,
1214~ A/183
1168); (amorphous, 1212); Caffeol, 366
Caffeotannic acid, 368
1221, 1222; 1268
Cajuputol, 775
Bixin, 200
B-kosin, 213
Calamene, 36
Black oxide (Cupric oxide),
Calamenenol, 36
Calameone, 36
M/48
Black pigment, 1205
Calameone asarone, 36
Bland oil, 96; (fixd, 213; 758); Calamine, 35
1219
Calcareous matter (white),
Bonducin, 227; 229
543; A/158
Borneol, 425; 466; 1309
Calcium, 9; 743; 778; 824; 851;
Bornyl acetate, 933
1018; 1146; 1287; A/173;
'Bornyl isovalerianate, 1261.
A/175; A/189; A/192
B-picrasmin, 1040
Calcium benzoate, M/25B-pinene, 933
Calcium carbonate, 8; 45; 170;
Brahmine, 624
474; 1199; A/210; A/211
Brasilin, 231
Calcium caseinate, A/172
Breidin, 253
Calcium compounds, 1199;
Brein, 253
A/172
Bromelin, 99
~Calcium oxalate (Ca-oxalate),
Bromides, 1181
179; 273; 284;.,474; 526; 597;
Bromine, A/214; A/231
717; 796; 999;' 1017; 1057;
Brucine, 1173; 1174; 1175; 1181
1079; 1083; 1113; 1258
Bryoidin, 253
Calcium phQsphate1.. :110; 289;
Bryonin, 219; 220; 377
1012; 1197; AI-153;- A/172;
B-Santalol, 1099
A/189
,
B-truxilline, 510
Calcium salts, 597; 869; 904;
Bursine, 267
1196; 1199
Butaldehyde, 513
Calcium sulphate, 289; M/I08
Butter (fat). A/l72
Caldium, 582
Butyl-butyrate, 513
." ..... ~ ~> Calendulin, 234
--
---
INDEX
Calophony, 958
Calotropin, 238
Camphene, 36; 466; 933; 1108;
1309
Campheride, 77
Camphor, 78; 201; 788
Camphoric acid, 250
Camphor-like body, 1222
Camphor-resin, 835
Canabinon, 257
Canadine, 662
Cane-sugar,
(See: - Saccharine matter) 26; 180; 363;
452; 611; 758; 1083; 1194
Cannabene, 257
Cannabene hydride, 257
Cannabin, 257
Cannabinin, 257
Cannabinine, 257
Cannabinol, 257
Cannabinolactone, 258
Caoutchouc, 176; 179; (free,
. 238); 244; (free from M-alban & M. fluavil, 244); 522;
524; 526; 529; 544; 548; 550;
552; (like substance, 674);
801; 802; 903; 1189 .
Ca-oxalate, (See: -Calcium
Oxalate)
Capric acid, 265
Caproic acid, 415
Caprylic acid, 363
Capsacin, 268
Capsicin, 268
Capsularin, 377
Carbamido-quinolines, 322
Carbohydrates, 104; 106; 109;
134; 232; 278; 298; 381; 428;
450; 452; 526; 544; 595; 597;
696; 697; 698; 766; 824; 873;
878; 897; 923; 929; 1017;
1127; 1130; 1154; 1191; 1226;
1267; A/176; A/178; A/193
Carbohydrates
(digestible) ,
103; 146; 421; 458; 503; 581;
930; 1131; 1273; 1306
Carbohydrates (soluble), 1;
63; 87; 90; 95; 218; 232; 307;
675
309; 312; 381; 407; 421; 441;

449; 458; 461; 477; 507; 584;
684; 696; 722; 734; 751; 806;
879; 880; 881; 898; 924; 931;
938; 940; 942; 977; 1050;
1081; 1152; 1154; 1165; 1234;
1241; 1246; 1305; A/192
Carbolic acid, 570; A/147
Carbon, 230; A/136; A/219
Carbon anhydride, 823
Carbonate of Calcium, A/159
Carbonate of Copper, M/48
Carbonate of Iron, M/54
Carbonate of Lime, M/41;
A/163; 226; 1184; A/157
Carbonates of calcium & Sodium, 1199
Carbonate of magnesia, 1184
Carbonate of potash, 39; 375;
823; 1184
Carbonate of ,Soda, 39; 823;
1187; ]d/100; M/102
Carbonate of Zinc, M/131;
M/132
Carbon bisulphide, 789
Carbon dioxide, 778; A/I72
Carbon disulphate, 892
Carbonic acid, 1258; A/170
Carboxylic acids, 321
Cardol (Acrid oil), 96; (See:
-,-Non-volatile alcohol,
1119)
Carene, 958
Carica fat-acid, 274
Caricin, 274
Carmine, A/155 & 156; (See:
-Carminic acid)
Carminic acid, (See:-Car;
mine) A/155 & 156
Carmiric acid, A/156
Carobic acid, 1011
Carobin, 1011
Carobone, 1011
Carpaine, 274
Carpestrol, 1157
Carposide, 274
Carthamin, 278
Carthamite, 278
676
Carthartin, 289; 291

Carvacrol, 371
Carvene, 855
Carvol, (Carvone), 935
.
Carvone, (See also:-Carvol)
408; 409; 855; 935
'
Caryophyllic acid, 836
.
Caryophyllene, 328; 836
Caryophyllin, 835; 836
Casein, (See: -Albuminoids),
A/l72; A/173; A/178; A/179;
A/189
Casein-ammonium, A/178
Caseine, 705
Castine, 1277
Castorin, A/147
Casuarin, 293
Catalase, 363
Catechin, 11; 513; 1105; 1254
Catechol, 660; 1119; 1120
Catechu, 130
Catechuic acid, it
Catechu red, 11; 1254
Catechu-tannic acid, 11; 1025;
1254
Cathartic acid, 281; 287; 953;
1047; 1055
Cathartin, 287; 379
8atharto-mannit, (See:Sennit) 287
Catharto-sennit, 287
Caustic soda, M/I00
Cellular gelatinous-tissue,
A/158
Cellulose, (See: -Gamma cellulose) 61; 152; 162; 176;
179; 180; 278; 289; 313; 368;
452; 472; 557; 597; 602; 608;
632; 653; 720; 761; 765;
878; (See:-Alpha, Beta &
Gamma celluloses) ;. 1017;
1130; 1214; 1226; 1267; 1305
Cep,haeline, 1023
Cerbetin, 302
Cerealin, 1245
Ceridin, 1299
Cerinor, A/151
Cerolein, A/151
Ceropegine, 304
Cerotic acid, A/151
Ceryl alcohol, A/lSI
Cerylic alcohol, 513
Cetin, A/l54
Cetyl palmitate, A/154
Chalk, M/41
Chatinine, 1260; 1261
Chaulmoogric acid, 601 or
Chaulmugric acid, 658
ChauImugric acid, 658
or Chaulmoogric acid, 601
Chavi betol (betel-phenol),
961
Chavicin, 969
Chavicol, 961
Chebulinic acid, 1206
Cheiranthin, 304
Cheirinine, 304
Cheirolin, 304
Chemical sugar (See: -Dextrin or Dextrine)
Cheroonjee oil, 222
Chichorigenin, 299
Chinic or Quinic acid, 316
Chinovic acid, 316
Chinovin, 316
Chiratin, 573; 1184
Chirkhestite, 386
Chironji oil, 222
Chloral, 1181
Chloride of Calcium, 743;
A/197; A/220
Chloride of magnesium, 743
Chloride of Potassium, 39; 99;
622; 743; 823; 1287; A/163;
A/197
Chloride of So~, 591
Chloride of Sddium (Sodium
Chloride), 39; 99;
1287;
M/91; M/100; 1\./197
Chlorides,' 8; 153; - 203; 851;.
869; l\/19~; 1157; M/26
Chlorides, of alkali metals,
1199
Chlorine, 310; 591; 822; 823;
1092; M/14;
(compound,
A/172)
INDEX
Chloroform, 227; 812; 1268;

M/25; M/27
Chlorogenate of potassium,
368
Chlorophyll, 19; 102; 517; 526;
562; (a & b, 597); 717; 720;
765;' 775; 787; 876; 986; 1017;
1039; 1266
Chloroxyline, 309
Chloroxylonine, 309
Cholesterin, 296; purified,
A/137; A/138; A/147; A/197
Cholesterol, (See: -Phytosterol); 245; 667
Cholin, 1241
.
Choline, 35; 130; 173; 587; 656;
670; 1241
Chondrin, A/136
Christembine, 478
Chromogen, 588
Chrysamic acid, 75
Chrysanthemin, 311
Chrysin', 1005
Chrysophan (Chrysophanic
acid); 1057
Chrysophan (Senna-crol), 287
Chrysophanic acid, (See:Chrysophan, Rumicin, Sennacrol) 100; 283; 284; 286;
287; 289; 290; 291; 922;,1057;
1059; 1079; 1080'
Cichoriin, 313
Cimicifugine, 314; 315
Cinchona-red, 316
Cinchonidine, 315; 316; 317;
318; 320; 321; 1044
Cinchonine,
315; 316; 317;
318; 320; 321; 1044
Cincho-tannic acid, 316; 674
Cinchotenidine, 321
Cinchotenine, 321
Cineol, 1309
Cineole, 78; 93; 415; 475;
(eucalyptol, 513); 1309 ,
Cinnamate of cinnamyI, 747
Cinnamic acid, 86; 328; 464;
747; 1182
Cinnamic aldehyde, 86; 328;
677
331
Cinnamic methyl ester, 1302
Cinnamyl acetate, 328
Cinnamyl cocaine, 510
Cinnamyl ester (of A. amyrin), 128
Cissampeline, 334
Citral, 104; 105; 513
Citrate of Potash, 339
Citrate of potassium, 342; 851
Citrates, 816; 1258
Citrene, 348
Citric acid, 191; 274; 339; 342;
345; 347; 536; 761; 765; 838;
873; 876; 903; 950; 1014;
1065; 1078; 1155; 1191; 1222;
1287
Citrol, 104; 348
.Citronella-aldehyde, 1222
Citronellal, 348; 513; 791; 1222
Citronelol, 110
Citrullin, 338;
Clay, M/I08
Coagulum, A/219
Cobalt, M/16
Cocaine, 510; 512; 961
Coccerin, A/ISS
Cocculin, 99
Cochtone, 552
Cocinic acid, 600
Codamine, 903
Codeine, 903; 905; 907; 908;
909
Codrin, 57
Coffeo-tannic acid, 366
Coicin, 368
Colchiceine acid, 369
Colchicine, 369
Colin, A/163
Colloidal particles, A/173
Colloturine, 1187
Colocynthein (a resin), 335
Colocynthetin, 335
Colocynthin, 335; 751; 1238
Colocynthitin, 335
Colouring matter, 14; 39; 63;
109; 153; yellow 200); 265;
(red, 268); (yellow, 278) ;
678
281; 285; 289; (red, 291);

293; 296; .310; (brown, 352);
(crystalline, 390); (yellbw,
414); 415; 445; 475; 478; 562;
577; 588; 597; 602; (yell~w,
622); 632;
(yellow, .692;
699); (red, 699); 731; 761;
(yellow, 765) ~ 778; 787; 801;
802; 827; 857; 903; 973; 1026;
1047; (red, 1072) ; 1075;
1078; 1092; (red, 1114);
1143; (yellow, 1164; 1176);
(red, 1187); (yellow, dye
1191); 1199; 1203; (brownish yellow,
1206); 1214;
1238; (yellow, 1241); 1275;
1278; 1292; A/155; A/192;
A/230; (red, 5; 230; 673;
674)
Colouring principle, 139; (astringent, 699); 828; 1254
Columbin, 704; (snake-poison,
A/221)
Commercial arsenious acid,
M/16
Common salt,
(See:-Salt,
comnon) A/178
Conessme, 635/ 636; 637
Conhydrine, 375
Coniferin (glucoside), 2
Conine, 1056
Convolvulin, 688; 691
Convovulin, 375
Copper, 775; 824; M/14
Corchogenin, 377
Corchorin, 377
Coriandrol (linalcol) 381
Costic acid, 1108
Costol, 1108
Costus lactone, 1108
Cotarnine, 322; 911
Cotarnine hydrochloride,
(stypticin) 910
Cotarnine phthalate, 911
Coumarin, 620; 674; 786; 1015
Cravin,545
Cream o Tartar, 717 ~
Crepitin, 656
I' .. H~
Crocin, 390
Crotalin, A/228
Crotonic acid or Quartenylic
cid, 396
Croton oil, 396
Crotonol, 396
Crotonoleic acid, 396
Croton-resin, 396
Crude cannabinol, 258
Crude fibre, 14; 304; 412; 419;
878; 1308
Crude
thymol,
(ajwan-kaphul) (flowers of Ajowan
camphor), 1028
Cryptol, '513
Cryptopine, 903
Crystalline body, 848
Crystalline colourless needles,
851
Crystalline compound, 1156
Crystalline compound o em-.
belic acid, 478
Crystalline concretions, 597
Crystalline constituent o the
oil, 1002
Crystalline cyanogenetic glucoside, 602
Crystalline deposits, white,
1197
Crystalline hydrocarbon, 1062
Crystalline insoluble substance, 1026
Crystalline matter, solid, 627
Crystalline organic base, 561
Crystalline
principle,
231;
(bitter, 339); 366; (neutral,
445); (alkaloidal, 529); 543;
611; (glucoside, 809); 949;
(acrId,989) f051: (red,1075);
(bitter, 1139); 1196; (bitter,
1302)
Crystalline producf;-331
Crystalline protein, 128
Cry~talline red principle, 1026
Crystalline resin, (See:-Antiaresin) 128
Crystalline solid body, 1302
Crystalline, stearoptin, (See:
INDEX
-Stearoptin, crystalline),
620
Crystalline substance, 213;

(acrid, 268); (bitter, 360);
578; (oleaginous white, 662);
(white, 699); 761; (amorphous, 778); 836; 1028; 1127;
A/147
Crystallisable acid, 1318
Crystallisable principle, 85;
620; 1316
Crystallisable substances, 361
Crystals (intensely bitter yellow); 101
Crystine, A/173
Cry tal, 513
Cubebic acid, 400
Cubebin, 400
Cucurbitine, 186
Cumene, 1028
Cm:nic aldehyde, 170; 408
Cuminol, 408
Cupric oxide (black oxide),
M/48
Cuprous oxide (Red oxide),
M/48
Curagin; 410
Curcin, 705
Curcumic acid, 416
Curcumin, 414; 415
Curcumin arabins, 419
Curcumone, 415
Cuscohygrine, 510
Cuscutine, 420
Cyanogenetic glucose, 769
Cyanomaclurin, 146
Cyclamin, 423
Cydonin, 1038
Cymene,. 250; 306; 307; 348;
408; 513; 855
Cymol, 250; 408
Cystine, 125; 255; A/173
Cytolysin, A/221
Daemine, 430
Daillyl disulphide, 66
679
D-a-phellandrene, 415
D-a-pinene, 933
Darutine, 1139
Datiscin, 434; 1298
Daturina-daturin, 435
Daturine, 435
D-Borneol, 415; 933
D-camphor, 331
D-coniine, 374
Dead beetle, (or Pupa), A/166
Delphinine, 443
Delpho-curarine, 443
Demulcent substance, 615
D-ephedrine, 490
Derrid, 445
Derrin, 445
Deutero-albumoses, A/220
Dextrin,
274;
830;
1194;
sugar,
(See: - Chemical
1245); 1267
Dextrine, 366
Dextro-cocaine, 510
Dextro-rotatory terpene, 307
Dextrose, (See: -Grape-sugar;
Glucose); 1140; A/192
Diacetyl of Hydrobhilawanol,
1120
Diastases, 961
Diastatic ferment, 1245
Dibenzoyl
hydrobhilawanol,
1120
Dibromide, 377
Dichroin, 447
Dictamnolacton, 448
Diffusible non-coagulable albumose A/221 (See: -Noncoagulable almumose, diffusible)
Digitaline, 848
Dihydrazone (from Embelic
acid), 478
Di-hydrocostus lactone, 1108
Di-hydroxy-benzoic acid, 588
Dihydroxypheny1
cotarnine
hydrochloride, 911
Dihydroxy stearic acid, 179;
1002
Dikenali, .569
680
THE INDIAN MA').'ERIA MEDICA
Ecliptine, 469; 470

Edible matter, 517; 944; 1287
Edible oil, 121; 628
8-B-aminoalkyl-amido-quinolines, 323
Elaterin, 467
Elemic acid, 253
Ellagic acid, 517; 1032
Embelic acid, (see: -Monosemicarbazone; )
& oxime 478
Embelin, 479
Emetic principle, 150; 403;
1275
Emetine, 1023; 1275
Emodin,
(See: - Trioxy-methylanthra-quinone) 76; 287,
289; 290; 291; 1057; 1059;
1079; 1266
Empyreumatic oil, 368; 670
Emulsin, 1012; 1015
Enulin, 313
Enzyme, 98; (fat-splitting, 5) ~
(proteolytic, 173); (diastatic
& emulsifying, 173); 180;
181; (digestive, 274); 300;
363; 458; 465; 524; 545; 597;
620; 1140; A/189
Enzyme-urease, 458
Ephedrine, 487; 490; 1135
Ephedrine oxalate or Oxalate
of Ephedrine, 490
Epithelial debris, A/220
Ericolin, 570; 1060; 1061
Erytherine, 508
Erytherine, 507
_Essence de petit-grain, 339
Earthy salts (calcareous mat- Essential oil, 2; 3; 14; 20; 36;
ter) , A/158
55; 56; 63; 79'; 80; 92; 93; 101;
Ecballin, 467
107; 110;.127; 140; 144;
Ecgonine, 510
150; 170; 171;' 198; 201; 212;
Echicaoutchin, 80
215; 219; 231; 234~ 253; 257;
Echicerin, 80
272; 279; 280; 284; 2%; 305;
Echiretin, 80
311; 321.; 331; 333; 342; 345;
Echitamine, 80; 83
371; 408; 410; 412; 415; 419;
Echitein, 80
428; 448; 456; 463; 464; 475;
Echitenine, 80; 83
..
507; 512; 517; 526; 536; 537;
Echitin, 80
~
542; 559;. 580; 596; 608; 620;
Dill apiol, 935; (See:--Dill
apion; 936)
Dill apion, 936; (See: -tUill
apiol, 935)
Dimethiodide, 635
I
Dimethosulphate of Conesslne,
635
Dimethylamine, 1241
Dimethyl-amino-styrry1quinolines, 322
Dimethyl Ether, 1120
Dimethyl-phloro-glucin, 761
Di-pentene, 170; 1302
Diplcrate, 635
Disecomicarbazone (from Embelie acid), 478
Disulphate of quinia or quinine,
1045
Ditain, 80
Ditamine, 80; 83; 448
D-limonene, 855; 935
Double salt of Margosine and
soda, 777
D-pinene, 78
D-pseudo-ephedrine, 490
Dregein, 465
D-sabinene, 415
Dulcamarin, or Picroglycion,
1148
Dulrite, 520 .
Dye, 11; 40; 223; (red, 927);
(yellow, 1011; 1191)
Dy-ephedrine, 490
Dy-pseudo-ephedrine, 490
INDEX
623; 627; 656; 673; 683, 695;

703; 704; 710; 713; 716; 725;
729; 730; 739; 741; 749; 778;
788; 793; 811; 830; 831; 834;
343; 848; 855; 857; (yellowish
green, 862); 863; 865; 872;
875;
877;
894;
904;
933;
934;
935;
955;
957; 961; 973; 975; 979;
993; 997; 999; 1000; 1002;
1005; 1008; 1018; 1020; 1028;
1047; 1050; 1062; 1064; 1079;
1081; 1094; 1096; 1099; 1107;
1108; 1142; 1162; 1191; 1212;
1222;
(yellowish
green,
1222); 1230; (fatty, 1241);
1255; 1259; 1260; 1268;
(colourless, 1278) ; 1282;
1302; 1303; 1304; 1308; 1309
Essential volatile oil, 98; (See:
-Volatile essential oil); 521;
blue, 772) ; 838; 892; 961;
996; 1018; 1260; 1271
Ester of asaresino-tannol, 537
Ester, organic, 1199
Esters, 513; 570; 609; 933; 1099
Esters of acetic acid, 36
Esters of cinchotenidine, 322
Esters of cinchotenine, 322
Esters of palmitic acid, 36
Esters of quitenidine, 322
Esters of valerianic acid, (See:
-Iso-valerianic acid), 1260;
1261
Ether, A/170
Ethereal oil, 1097; (Valerianic,
1260); A/192
Ethereal salt of valeric acid,
1008
Ether extract, 1; 63; 87; 90; 95;
103; 104; 106; 109; 146; 218;
232; (ethereal, 257) ; 278;
298; 307; 309; 312; (petroleum, 336); (sulphuric, 336);
369; 381; 407; 421; 441; 449;
450; 458; 461; 477; 503; 581;
584; 684; 69~; 697; 698; 722;
734; 751; 766; 806; 879; 880;
44
681
881; 897; 898; 923; 924; 929;

930; 938; 940; 942; 977; 1050;
1081; 1105; 1131; 1152; 1154;
1165; 1234; 1241; 1246; 1273;
1305; 1306
Ethyl acetate, M/25
Ethyl acetate extract, M/25;
M/27
Ethyl ether, 1002
Ethylic ether, 601;
Ethyl-quitenine, 322
Eucalyptol (cineole), 513
Eudesmol, 513
Eugenic acid, 836
Eugenin, 835 .
Eugenol, 36; 170; 280; 328; 331;
836; 961; 1018; 1264
Euonic acid, 520
Euonymin, 520
Euonymini, 520
Euonymol, 520
Euonysterol, 520
Euphorbin, 522
Euphorbium, 522
Euphorbol, 528
Euphorbon, 524; 528; 529
Evodiamine, 531
Extractive matter, (non-crystalline) 4; 179; 851
Extractive matters, 278; 294;
379; (extractives, 612); (fragrant, 807); 876; 944; 1020;
(extractives, 1057) ; 1075;
1164; 1189; 1211; (extractives, 1260) ; (non-tannin)
A/162
Extractives principle (bitter),
118; 313
;Extractives- See: -Extractive
matters
Extract of Indigo, (See: -Sulphate of indigo), 681
Farinaceous matter, (See:Starch), 404; 406

Fat, 26; 61; 122; 130; 162; 176;
682
178; 179; 181; 203; 210; 223;

255; 274; 304; 311; 313; 3\)3;
366; 392; 411; 413; 428; 452
454 506' 517' 531' 545' 567'
581:, 618:, 622:, 653:, 710:)7i7:
,'
720; 734; 771; 774;
(white
solid, 811); 818; 822; 830;
834; 844; 851; 872; 873;
(crystalline, 876); 878; 903;
926; 969; 1017; 1018; 1072;
1083; 1090; 1091; 1092;
(white, 1103); (liquid, 1127);
(solid, 1127); 1130; 1143;
1146; 1154; 1165; 1170; (concrete oil, 1176); 1191; 1214;
1226; 1228; 1230; 1234; 1245;
1273; 1287; 1292; 1298; 1305;
1308; (liquid, A/1S6); A/162;
(butter, A/In);
A/173;
A/174; A/177; A/178; A/179;
A/197; A/216
Fat oil, 1277
Fat soluble principles, A/192
Fatty acid, 268; 306 (crystaIline; 385); 396; (crystallizable, 513); 601; 661; 699;
(free &
volatile, 777);
(glycerides of-soluble, insoluble, 778); (free, 818);
(fluid, 873); 878; 1002; 1149;
1150; 1170; 1265; 1266; M/26;
A/156
Fatty aromatic body, 662
Fatty matter, 19; 122; 232;
289; 300; 368; 381; 400; 601;
622; 699; A/156; A/220
Fenchone, 557
Ferment, 213; (milk-curdling,
274);
(peptonising, 545);
(emulsin; 1012)
Ferric chloride, 1157'
Ferric oxide, 597; 692; 700;
720; 823; M/99
.
Ferulic acid, 537
Fibre, (See: -woody fibre),
122; 146; 222; 278; 311i 421;
428; 458; 460; 462; (Ifgneous,
475); 477; 544; 581~A)53-; -734;
774; (crude, 787); 873; 896;:

898; 899; 939; 940; 977;:,
(vegetable 1039); 1095; 1131;
1165; 1191; 1245; 1273
Febrin, 275
Fibrin-ferment, A/221
Filicic acid, 761
Fixed essential oil, 153; 248;.
390; 599
Fixed oil, 4; 61; 186; 217; 226;
266; 268; 278; 335; 338; 339;
354; 381; (fatty, 396); 404;
407; 475; 478; 520; 588; 600;
608; 609; 627; 653; 658; 667;
670; 705; 709; 743; (bland,
751); 758; (yellow bitter, I
777); 793; 795; 796; (fatty,.
801) ; 802; 811; 830; 855;
(bland, 903); (fatty, 980);
1002; 1008; 1012; 1015; 1020;
1046; 1050; 1066; 1096; 1109;
11U!; 1120; 1127; 1132; 1140;
1164; 1170; 1191; 1230; 1268;:
1287; 1305
Fixed salts, 602
Fluavil, 238; 243
Fluoride, A/159
Fluoride of Potassium, )\11/93
Fluorine, M/44; M/124
Formate, 1261
Formic acid, 179; 513; 538; 710;
1258; 1260; A/192
4-piperazineo-2-methylquinolines, 322
4-piperidino-2-methyl quinolines, 322
Frangulic acid, 1059
.
Fraxin, 559
'
Free Acid, 10!)! 513; 778; 1099;
1277
Free alcohols, 513
Free fatty acid, 818Free rFerulic acid, 538
Free glycerides of fatty acids,.
133
.
Free Tartaric acid, 717; 765
"'Free terpineol, 475
Fruit-acids, 1316
683
INDEX
.... '
354; 363; 366; 368; 445; 448;

453; 474; 588; 597; 602; 692;
778; 844; 903; 953; 1012;.
1103; 1113; 1157; 1164; 1194;
1218; 1267; 1287; A/I83
~
Glucosidal body, 1199
'I
Glucosidal principle, 550; 1148
Glucosides, 5; 20; 45; 56; 62;
(apiin, 127); 150; 170; (CyaGalactose, 765; 1157
nogenetic, 173); 176; 177;
Galangin, 77; 80
202; 216; 219; 223; 227; 228;
Galena, (Lead sulphide), M/14
265; 267; 274; 284; 286; 291;
Gallic acid, 130; 208; 223; 248;
293; 296; 299; 302; 304; 311;
369; 505; 517; 526; 577; 765;
313; (colourless crystalline,
822; 859; 975; 999; 1025;
313); 316; 333; 335; (crystal1042; 1057; 1072; 1113; 1161;
line 342)' 385' 386' 390' 410'
1197; 1206
423;' (bitter, 430);' 434;' 445;
Gallo-tannic acid, 836; 975;
(crystalline, 447); (poison1025; 1042; 1203
ous, 450); 465; 467; 472; 486;
Gambier, 1254
517; 524; 530; 559; 562; 563;
Gambier-fluorescein, 1254
586; 588; 596; 597; (crystalGamma-cellulose, (See: -Celc..
line cyanogenetic, (02); 609;
lulose), 878
619; 634; 673; 675; 679; 681;
Ganiol, 108
687; 688; 691; 695; 724; 725;
Garancin, 1076
731; 744; 750; 751; (bitter,
Gardenin, 568; 569
771); 772; 777; 785; 786;
Garjanic acid, 456
(yellow, 787); 792; 797; 806;
Gaultherilene, 570
(crystalline principles, 809);
Gelatine, 52; A/230
810; (bitter; 820); 821; 827;
Gelatinous matter, A/197
843; 848; (toxic, 855); 869;
Gelatin, pure, A/136
(crystalline bitter,
876);
Gelose, 572
877; 894; (toxic, 897); 901;
Gentian bitter, 573
(bitter, 925): 927; 934; 938;
Gentianic acid, 573
953; 979; 980; 986; 993; 1005;
Gentiopicrin, 573; 1186
1011; 1012; 1016; 1026; 1037;
Geranin, 576
1038; 1057; 1061; 1072; 1076;
Geraniol, 339; 381; 513
1077; 1081; 1089; (crystalline,
Geranyl-acetate, 513
1090); 1091; 1096; (cyanoGingerin, 1309
genetic, 1096; 1097); 1108;
Gingerol
(Yellow
pungent
1113; (cyanogenetic, 1114);
body), .1309
1115; 1118; 1140; 1143;
'~Gliadin", 162
poisonous, 1148); 1166; 1169;
Globulin (fraction A), 5; 878;
1171; 1172; 1174; 1715; (yel1241; A/220; A/228
\
low bitter, 184); 1188; (crysGloriosine, 579 '
talline white, 1218); (poisonGluco-alkaloid, 1156; 1157
ous, 1219); 1228; 1239; 1240;
"Glucokenin", 300
(bitter, 1251);
(inactive,
Glucose,
(See also Grape
1257);
(toxic amorphous,
Sugar), 13; 39; 92; 184; 316;
Fruit-sugar or Levulose, A/192

Fumaric acid, 561
Fumarine, 561
Fungic acid, 50
Furfural, 836
..
684
1257);
1260; 1261; 1262;
1267; 1270; 1271; 1272;! 1275;
1298
Glucotannic acid, 1199 I
Gluten, 285; 1012; 1146; 11244;
(cells, 1245)
I
Gluten albumin, (See: -Proteid compound) 653
Glutenin, 878
Glutinous body, 1196 (See:Glutinous substance)
Glutinous substance (See:Glutinous body) 1276
Glycerides of acids, 227; 1306
Glycerides of brassic acid, 217
Glyceride of butyric acid,
A/178
Glyceride of caprinic acid,
A/178
Glyceride of caprylic acid,
A/178
Gly'ceride of carponic acid,
A/178
Glyceride of dihydroxy-stearic
acid, 1066
Glycerides of erucic acid, 217
Glycerides of fatty acids,
(soluble; insoluble, 778);
818
Glyceride of free fatty acid,
818
Glycerides of lauric acid, 363;
396
Glycerides of linoleic acid, 228;
377; 1127
Glycerides of myristic acid,
363; 396
Glycerides of oleic acid, 217;
228; 377; 1127
Glycerides of palmitic acid,
227; 228; 363; 396'
Glycerides of palmitin & olein,
122
.
Glyce..j_des of ricinoleic acid,
1066
Glycerides of ricinoleic & iso"
l'
rJ.C'lno
elC
aCl' d
s, " .(S ee: ---,. I
Ricinoleate of glycerol or
triricinolein), 106t:
Glycerides of Stearic acid, 217;
227; 228; 396
.
Glycerides of unsaturated fatty
acids, 957
Glycerides of volatile acids,
396
Glycerin, A/230
Glycerine, 653; A/163
Glyceryl, 743
Glyceryl acetate, 1100
Glyceryl esters, 601
Glycol anhydride oil, 306
Glycyrrhizin, 5; 582
Glyoxalino-quinoline; 322
Gold, M/14
Gold leaf, M/35
Gossypetin, 588
Gossypol, 588
Grape-sugar
(See also Glu.cose; Dextrose) 153; 545;
710; 1287; A/192
Grass oil of Nemaur, 108
Groscopine, 903
Guanine, 1083
Guanosine, 366
Gum, 4; 9; 11; 14; 39; 50 (red)
52; 57; 85; 96; 130; 146; 153;
157; 170; 179; 184; 210; 223;
255; 285; 289; 294; 296; 300;
304; 335; 352; 363; 369; 379;
385; 400; 408; 412; 413; 414;
419; 423; 428; 445; 457; 505;
513; 517; 522; 524; 529; 538;
542; 545; 556; 562; 565; 582;
622; 627; 662; 720; 761; 777;
778; 787; 789; 790; 804; 811;
836; 840; ~2; 851; 859; 903;
922; 926; ~49; 965; 969; 1025;
1032; 1036; ~1038; 1039; 1075;
1090;. 1095; -1117; (resin,
11,32);
1143
(brownish,
1159); 1166; 1167; 1170;
1176; '1167; 1170; 1176; 1183;
1184; 1191; 1219; 1234; 1260;
1264; 1266; 1271; 1287; 1308;
1318; M/26; M/27
Gum-benzoin, 1183
INDEX
Gum-mastic, 1062
Gum-resin, 167; 339; 526; 541;
542; 563; 565; 872; 1132;
1271
Gum-wax, 4
Guvacine, 130
Guvacoline, 130
Gymnemic acid, 597
Gynocardic acid, 600
Gynocardin, 602
68.'>
Hydnocarpic acid, 601; 658;

661
Hydrastine, 662
Hydrate of the resin, 777
Hydrate of silicic acid, 173
Hydro-bromide, 131; 635
Hydrocarbons, 227; 306; 307;
328; 408; 570; 597; 935; 958;
A/151
Hydrochloride, 203; 490; 609;
635; 812; 1157
Hydrochloride of the alkaloid,
1135
Hydrocotarnine, 903
IIaemagglutinin, 5
Hydrocyanic acid, 1014; 1016;
Haematin, 231
. 1097
Haematite, M/54
Hydrogen, 231; A/136; A/219
IIaematoxylin, 230; 1105
Hydrogen sulphate, 635
Haemolytic principle, A/221
Hydroquinine, 315; 316; 318
Haemorrhagin, A/221
Hydroxy acids, 4; 1066
Halogens (as chlorine), 591
Hydroxyl, M/124
Hanno-tannic acid, 731
Hydroxyl groups, 479
Harmal, 928
Hygriene, 510
Harmaline, 927; 928
Hygrostero1, 667
Harmalol, 927
Hyoscine, 435; 440; 670; 1118
Harman, 1187
Hyoscinic acid, 670
Harmatol, 928
Hyosciprin, 670
Harmine, 927
Hyoscyamine, 440; 669; 670;
Harminic acid, 928
720; 1118
Helleborein, 618
Helleborin, 247; 618; 619; 855 Hyoscyansine, 161
Hypericum red, (See: -Red
Hemidesmine, 620
resin), 673
'Henna' dye, 731
Hypobromite of sodium, 1.\/[/25
Hentria-contane, 597
Hypocyamine, 435
Heptylic acid, 35
Hypogaeic acid or Hypogoeic
Herein, A/230
acid, 122; 601
Hesperidin, 339; 342; 374
Hypogoeic acid or Hypogaeic
Hetero-albumoses, A/220
acid, 601; 122
Hexone bases, 1241
Hypoxanthine
(See also:Hexose, 1157
Sarcine), 366; 403; 653
Hippuric acid, M/26; M/27
Hystidine, A/173
Hiptagin, 634
Histamines, 1241
Histidine, 125;, 368; 1241
Holarrhenine, 635; 636; 637
Homo-napelline, 24
Igasuric acid, 1175
Homopterocarpin, 1026
Igasurine, 1175
Imperia1ine, 560
Hormone, 300
Humic ~cid, M/25
Impure carbonate, M/130
686
Ind-aconitine, 22; 32
Indican, 681
I
Indigo-blue, or Indigotin, 681
Indigo-red, 681
Indigotin or Indigo-blue, 681
Indigo-white or Luc-indigo,
681
Inorganic acid, 543; 811
Inorganic matters, 705; 787;
965; (insqluble, 1214)
Inorganic salts, 339; 1057;
A/162
.
Inorganic substances, 363
Inositol, 597
Insoluble matter, 944; 1191;
1211
Insoluble mem.brane, A/136
Intybin, 313
Inulin, 1109; 1196
Invertin, 1300
Invert sugar, (See: -Levulose
& Glucose), 180; 1191; 11~4
Investin, 363, (Investin, 363)
Iodide of Potassium, A/163
Iodides, 1181; A/163
Iodine; 66; 227; 591; 592; 724;
736; 1005; 1165; M/14; A/214;
A/230; A/231
Ionone, 105
Ipomoein, 687
Ipuranol, 1292
Iron, 99; 178; 179; 278; 289;
536; 570; 591; 653; 720; 736;
778; 822; 824; 944; 976; 1051;
1052; 1105; 1157; 1214; 1241;
1287; M/26; M/132; A/157;
A/163; A/192
Iron compound, A/I72
Iron oxide, M/7
lsobarbaloin, 76
'lsodulcite, 265
'Iso-ephedrine, or Pseu<,1o-ephe, drine, 490
Isohesperidin, 339
Isolauric acid, 479
'Iso-linolenic acid, 602
Isolinolic acid, 878 .:t,
Isomer
cl-pseudo.-epnedrine,
>
>
490
Isomeric with malic acids, 561
Isomeride of Nicotine,- (Nicotimine), 850
Isomerides, 601
Isomer of borneol, 110
Isomers, 1099
Isopelletierine 1032
Isopyroine, 698
Iso-rhamnetin, 284
Isorottlerin, 761
Iso-thebaine, 901
Isotrifolin, 1240
Isovalerianic aQ'id,
(see:Esters of valerianic acid),
1260/1261
Isova~eric aldehyde, 1099
J alapine, 691
Jamboiine, 517
J ambosine, 518
Jasmin, 703
J asminine, 701
Jatrophic acid, 705
Jibantic ac~d, 444
Jimantine, 444
J uglandic acid, 709
Juniperin, 710
Kalmeghin,
(Kalmegh Resin
. or Green resinous extract)
102
Kalmegh Resin or 'Kalmeghin'
or green ,~esinous extract,
102; 231
Kampferin, 284
Karanjin, 1002 ~ _
Karanjol carboxylic acid, 1002
Karanjol1ol, 1002
Kelanka-tel (oleo-resin), 295
Keto-enol tentomerism, 479
Ketone, 513; 570; (unsaturated, 855); 1099; A/197
Ketonic groups, 479
INDEX
Kinoin, 1025
Kino-oil, (Moodooga oil) 223
Kino-red, 1025
Kino-tannic acid, 223; 513;
1025
Kinovin or Quinovin, 1187
I(oenigin, 196
I(olanin, 1169
Kosin, 607
Kosotoxin, 213; 607; 761
K-oxalate, 1309
Kurchisine, or Kurchicine, 635;
636; 644 .
Kurchine, 635; 636
Kurchsine, or Kurchicine, 635;
636; 644
Lactalbumin, A/173
Lactic acid, 903; A/170; A/l72;
A/I77; A/179 .
Lactocin, 720
Lactoglobulin, A/I73
Lactose, A/172; A/176; A/178;
A/179; A/183; Aj189
Lactucarium, 720
Lactucerin, 720
Lactucin, 313
Laevo-rotatory terpene, 307
Laevo-turpense, 306
Laevulose, 339
Laminar plates, (Resin: brownish red or reddish yellow) ,
761
Lanolin, A/138
Lansinic acid, 725
Lapachol, 165
Lapathin, 1079
Larcic acid, 50
Larthopine, 903
Laudanine, 903
Laudanosine, 903
Lauramide, 479,
Lauric acid, 134; 479; 653; '777;
1170
Lauronitrile, 479
Laurotetanine, 748
L-camphene, 1261
687
Lead sulphide, (Galena), M/14

Leaf gold, M/33
Lecithin, 213; 217; 1147; 1148;
1165; 1241; 1258; A/162
Lectopicrin, 720
Lectucic acid, 720
Lectucin, 720
Legumin, 162; 366; 368; 734
Leucin, 368
Levulin, 1196
Levulose, (Fruit-sugar) 950;
1047; 1194; A/192
Lichenin, 922
Ligneous matter, 591
Lignin, 363; 472; 588; 692; 969;
1057; 1267
Lignoceric acid, or Lignocerric
acid, 122; 223; 811; 1002
Lignose, 720
Lime, 1; 50; 61; 99; 173; 179;
536; 653; 720; 766; 822; 823;
944; 976; 1039; 1184; M/24;
M/25; M/26; M/44; A/193
Limonence, 339
Limonene, 170; 339; 348; 475;
513; 958
Linalcol, (Coriandrol), 381
Linalol, 328
Linalool, (methyl-o-cinnamate), 1302
Linamarin, 744
Linaool, 1222
Linoleic acid, 743
Linolein, 181
Lino-Ienic acid, 602; 1002
Linolic acid, 122; 223; 601; 667;
1002
Linoxyn, 744
Lipase, 545
Liquid fat, A/156
Lobeline, 749
Loganin, 1174; 1175
Longifolene, 958
Loturidine, 1187
Loturine, 1187
L-pinene, 381; 1261
Lud-indiE):>, or Indigo-white,
681
688
THE INDIAl~ MATERIA MEDICA
Luffin, 751
Lupamine, 755
Lupinidine, 755
Lupinine, 755
Lycaconitine, 28
Lycoctonine, 28
Lycorin, 389
Lysine, 125; 368; A/173
Macene, 831
Madar-Alban, 237; 243; 244
Madar fiuavil, 237; 243; 2:):4
Magnesia, 1; 61; 99; 122; 766;
823; 1184; 1214; 1287; M/26;
M/99
Magnesium, 9; 743; 824; 1287;
A/211
Magnesium
carbonate,
45;
A/157
Magnesium-phosphate, 8; 1012;
1197; A/159; A/172
Magnesium salts, 4; 582; 904;
1199
Magnesium
sulphate,
289;
M/100; M/101
Magnetic iron ore, M/54
Maizenic acid, 1305
Malates, 118; 141; 153; 408;
710; 816; 851; 893; 1266
Malate of Calcium, 524; 528;
529
Malates of magnesium & calicum, 400
Malate of Manganese, 873
Malate of Sodium, 528
Malic acid, 9; 13; 191; 274; 289;
311; 342; 381; 435; 448; 538;
561; 582; 622; 632; 765; 787;
838; 950; 1014; 1015; 1018;
1039; 1065; 1072; 1078; 1191;
1260; 1266; 1278; 1287 .'
Maltose, 181
Mandragorine,
See:-Basic
substance
isomeric
with
hyoscyamine, i.e., pseudohyoscyamine, 7M
~-
.0""
Manganese, 278; 282; 304; 475;

562; 597; 807; 818; 1018; 1020;
1051; 1052; 1108; 1227; 1260
A/159
Manganic oxide, 720
Mangosim, 564
Mangostin, 564
Manjistin, 1076
Manna, 62
Mannit, 328
Mannite, (sugary matter) 572;
720; 724; 1032
Mannitol, 363
Marelosin, 46
Margarin, 289; A/137
Margosic acid, 777; 778
Margosine, 777
Margosopirrin, 778
Marmelosin, 45
Marubien, 771
Mastichic acid, (or Alpharesin), 974
Mastichine or Beta resin, 674
Meconianin, 903
Meconic acid, 903
Meconidine, 903
Meconin, 903
Melanthin, 855
Meliatin, 792
Melissyl palmitate, A/lSI
Menispermine, 361
Menthol, 788; 789; 791
Menyanthin, 792
Mercuric chloride, 1181
Mercury, M/33; M/35; M/3S'
Meta-cresol, 170
Meta-gallic acid, 1042
Metal arseni~ M/16
Metarbin, 844; 855; 1113
Methodide, 635
Methyl-alcohol;-- 513
Methylamin, 758---'Methylamine, 1241
Methyl-amyl-Ketone, 836
Methyl-arecaiqine, 131
Methyl-chavicol, 955
IMethylcinnamate,' 78
' Methyl crotonic acid, 396
INDEX
Methylene groups, 479

Methyl-ether, 1002
Methyl-Eugenol, 36
Methyl glucoside, 1020
Methyl-indole (see: -Skatole)
578
Methyl-o-cinnamat'e,
(Lina1001), 1302
Methyl-paracumarin, acetate,
608
Methyl-pelletierine, 1032
Methyl-phloro-glucin, 761
Methyl-salicylate, .14; 306; 570;
571
Methyl salicylic ester, 1275
Miconoisin, 903
Middle-lamella pectin, 1154
Milk, 1147; (Soya, acidophilis,
1147)
Milk-casein, A/178
Milk-curdling ferment, 99
Milk Plasma, A/172
Milk-sugar (see also:-Sugar):
-A/172
Mineral hydrocarbon, M/25
Mineral compounds, 528
Mineral matter, see also:(Mineral substances) 61;
162; 219; 291; 305; 445; 454;
681; 878; 507; 595; 802; 1078;
1155; 1164; 1214; 1230
Minerals, 122
Mineral salts, 1017; 1078; 1113;
A/172
Mineral substances, see also:Mineral matter, 368; 744
Mineral water, 363; 1078'
Mint camphor, 789
Mocharas, 208
Monoacatyl derivative (from
Embelic acid)" 478
Monobasic acids, 1120
Mono-euonysterol, 520
Monohydroxyl compound, ,H20
Mono-hydroxyphenol, (called
'Amacardol')
1119:
1120
(see Semecarpol, 1120)
Monomethylamine, 487
Monomethyl ether, 1266

Mononitrohydl'obhilawanol,
1120
Monosaccharides, A/192
Monosemicarbazone,
(from
Eembelic acid) 478
Moodooga oil, ('KinC?-oil') 223
Morin, 146
Morindin, 809
Morphia, 903
Morphine, 901; (anhydrous,
903); 905; 907; 908
Mowrin, 181
Mucic acid, 1170; A/183
Mucilage, 8; 26; 35; 39; 45; 65;
85; 119; 152; 154; 166; 178;
179; 213; 217; 222; 223; 287;
313; 328; 339; 342; 381; 390;
392; 408; 411; 414; 435; 475;
519; 526; 528; 536; 582; 591;
608; '632; 670; 685; 688; 743;
748; 795; 811; 827; 830; 855;
862; 944; 950; 980; 986; 1002;
1007; 1012; 1038; 1057; 1066;
1079; 1083; 1113; 1127; 1165;
12'06; 1234; 1241; 1257; 1258;
1267; 1305; 1308; 1316; 1318;
A/192
Mucilaginous substance, 8;
(matter, 423); (juice, 593)
(principles, 763) ; (matter,.
1168)
Mucins, 1135
Mucus, A/162; A/220
Mudaric acid, 244
Mudarine, 243
Mudarol isovalerate, 244
Munjisti, 1077
Murrayin, 821
Muscarine, A/16,3
Muskone. A/197
Myosin, 186
Myrestin, A/156
Myricetin. 828
Myricil, (or Myricvl). A/151
Myricin or Myricyl, A/151
Myricyl, (Myricin). A/151
Myristic acid, 567; 667; 811~
,E90
830; 1002
Myristicene, 830
Myristicol, 831
.Myristin, 61; 830; 1127
Myrosin, 213; 216; 1140
Myrrhic acid, 170
Myrrhol, 170
'.
Nagi camphor, 201

N apelline; 23
Narceine, 903; 907; 910
_Narcotine, 901; 903; 904; 905;
907; 908; 909
N aregamin, 842
Natin, 226; 227
_Native calamine, M/131
Nauseous volatile substance,
138; (see:-Volatile substance,
nauseous, 138)
Needle shaped crystals, 148
_Nelumbine, 844
Neopine, 903; 905
Nepalin, 1080
Nepodin, 1080
N eriantine, 848
Neriene, 848
Neriodorein (soluble), 848
Neriodorin,
(insoluble
In
water), 848
-Neroli petit grain, 339
Nerolol, 339
Nerolyl-acetate, 339
Neucleo-albumin, 1241
-Neurin, 1241
Neurotoxin, A/221
Neutral principle, 281; (crystalline, 521); 778; (bitter,
903)
,
Neutral substances, 903
Neutral sweetsmelling liquid,
1002
New phenolic substance, 526
Nickel, M/16
-Nicoteine, 851
Nicotelline, 851
:Nicotianin, 851
.u..,.,.
Nicotimine, 850
Nicotine, 850
Nicotinic acid, 122
Nitrate of lime, 226
Nitrate of Potash, 313
Nitrates, 720;,851; 1157; 1230
Nitrate of Potassium, 141
Nitric acid, A/l83
Nitrogen, 1; 218; 278; (Compounds of, 305); 307; 311;
312; 407; 421; 458; 461;
477; 584; 591; 667; 684; 705;
722; 734; 751; 766; 778; 879;
881; 924; 930; 931; 938; 940;
977; 1050; 1081; 1092; 1131;
1152; 1154; 1155; 1165; 1191;
1234; 1241; 1246; 1247; 1305;
1306; M/24; M/26; A/136;
A/172; A/216; A/219
Nitrogen-free extractive, 452;
774
Nitrogenous
(albuminous)
Compounds, 506
Nitrogenous elements, A/179
Nitrogenous mucilage, 475
Nitrogenous principles, 653
Nitrogenous . products, nonalbuminous', 1154
Nitrogenous substance (matter), 122; 231; 313; 363; 452;
588; 1154; 1165; 1214; 1245;
1305
N-methyl coniine, 374
Non-albuminous nitrogenous
products, 1154
Non-aldehyde, 331
Non-alkaloidal principle, bitter, 289
,,,,
Non-coagulable' albumos_e, diffusible, A/221_
Non-crystalline extractive matter,4
-Non-crystalline organic acid,
617
Non-crystallisable, bitter, resinous body, 952
N on-crystallizable
principles,
710; 848
INDEX
Non-diffusible albuminoid coagulable, A/221

Non-drying oil, 208; 282
Non-glucosidic bitter principle,
227
Non-nitrogenous
extractive
matter, 506; 822
Non-nitrogenous matter, A/178
Non-nitrogenous
principles,
A/220
Non-phenolic alkaloid, 59
Non-reducing sugars, 115; lUi;
517; 546; 547; 765; 823; 824;
944; 1018; 1033
Non-tannins (soluble), 1211
Non-volatile acid, 720,
Non-volatile alcohol called
Cardol' 1119
Non-volatile oil, 957
Nor-d-pseudo-ephedrine, 490
Nucin, 709
Nuclea,se, 173
Nucleinic acid, 1300
Nupharine, 844; 858
Nuphar luteum, 844
Nyctanthi"n
(see: -Nyctanthine) 294; 857
Nyctanthine,
(see-Nyctanthin, 294); 851'
'O-dihydroxy compound, 1120

Odollin, 302
Odoriferous principle, 627
Odorous body, 608
Odorous principles, 903; 1108;
1113; A/230
Oil, 116; 122; 133; 134; 196;
215; 222; 223; 231; 236; 257;
274; 296; 360; 363; 368; 400;
404; 406; 425; 458; 460; 462;
477; 505; 544; 558; 567; 581;
587; 588; 590; 595; 601;' 612;
614; 661; 688; 705; 709; 710;
'734; 744; 753; 778; (liquid,
'811); 870; 878; 896; 899; 930;
940; 957; 959; 975; 977; 1002;
691
1014; 1032; 1036; (yellow

1038); 1091; 1095; 1114; 1119;
1131; 1132; 1147; 1169; 1195;
1205; 1218; 1245; 1254; 1268;
1271; 1274; 1289; 1298; 1303;
1305; M/24; A/151; A/154;
A/163; A/231
Oil, aromatic acid, 699
Oil, bitter, 237; (fatty 530)
Oil, bland fixed, 213; (bland,
313)
Oil, colourless viscous, 105;
colourless), A/197
Oil, concrete, or fat, 1176
Oil, dark-coloured, 295
Oil, dark-yellow, 236
Oil, deep blue, 141
Oil, edible, 628; 121
Oil, ethereal, 1097
Oil, expressed, 348
Oil, fatty, 179; 181; 227; (volatile390) 408; 505; 670; 708;
722; 736; (fixed, 801) 965;
(fixed, 980) 1135; (bland,
1197; (essential, 1241)
Oil globules, A/162
Oil-greenish
yellow,
257;
(greenish, 820) 1203
Oil, nut, 228
Oil of N eroli, 339
Oil of orange leaf, 339
Oil, pale yellow thick, 227
Oil, red toxic, 257
Oil, semi-liquid, 253
Oil, tarry, 1119
Oil, vesicating, 1119
Oil, viscid turbid, 486 (viscid,
1066)
Oil, viscous, 1103
Oily amorphous mass, 203
Oil, yellowish-green, 45
Oil, yellow viscid, 585
Oily liquid, 1261
Oily matter, 130; 282; (resinous, 369) 624
Oily substance, 857-58
Oleandrine, 848
69~
Oleic acid, 122; 223; 567; 602;

777; 811; 818; 878- 10021051; 1170; 1265; A/138 I '
Oleic glyceride, 26
Olein, 289; A/137; A/17:8;
A/230
Oleine, (or Olein) 61; 179; 181;
1205; A/197
Oleo-risin, (Kelanka-tel) 295;
400; 776; 793; 958; 975;
(aromatic, 979) 1309
Oleoresinous extract, 455
Oleum erigerontis, 504
Oleum gaultheria, 570
Oleum jatamansi, 840
Oleum Marjoranae, 875
Oleum maydis, 1305
Oleum nigrum, 296
Oleum thyme or thymol, 1219
Opelic acid, 573; 1184
O-phellandrene, 1302
Ophioxylin, 1051
Opianin, 903
Orange-red (alizarin) 1076
Organic acid, 8; 19; 52; 166;
226; 300; 412; 419; 531;
597; 622; 624; (yellow, 717)
851; 855; 903; 925; 1047;
1099; 1150; 1157; (astringent,
1164); 1199; 1278; 1298
Organic ester, 1199
Organic matter, (see: -Animal matter)
(organic substance) 61; 59; 602; 778; 969;
(substance,
1105)
lVI/24
(Animal, A/157); A/163
Organic substances 1105; 1157
(see:-Organic matter)
Organic sulphides, 63; 65; 66
Organic sulphur compound,
63; 65; 66
Organic sulphur compound,
537; 777
Oridine, 878
Oroxylin, 876
Oroxylon, 876
Orthosiphonin, 877
v
Oxalate of calcium, 411 (..J-.'
Oxalate of ephedrine (or

ephedrine oxalate) 490
Oxalate of lime, 72
Oxalic acid, 88; 164; 287; (acid
Potassium oxalate) 311; 386;
416; 479; 487; 563; 709; 710;
761; 893; 904; 937; 1007;
1018; 1057; 1091; 1097; 1191;
1287; 1298; A/183
.
Oxidation product, 119
Oxide, 513
Oxide of iron, 109; M/9~;
A/157; A/211
Oxide of tin, M/117
Oxide of Zinc, M/131
Oxime ~from Embelic acid);
478
Oxy-acid, 1119
Oxyanthraquinone, 287
Oxycanthine, 191
Oxydase, 363
Oxygen, 231; A/136; A/l72
Oxygenated ethereal essential
(volatile) oil, 170
Oxymethyl-anthraquinones,
288; 289; 999; 1000; 1055
Oxymorphine, 903
.
Ozotised matter, 1287
Pakocin, 423
Pale-yellow powder, 181
Palmatisin, 28
Palmitic acid, 36; 122; 179;
223; 600; 601; 653; 658; 667;
811;
878;
1002;
A/138;
A/151; A/154
Palmitic glyceri<fe, 26
Palmitin, 61; 181; 1066; 1127;
A/137; A/178; '1\/230
Palm-sugar,-281; 363-Papain, ,274; 275
Papaver amine, 903
Papaverine, 903; 905; 907; 908
Papaya oil, 274
Papayic acid, 274
Papayotin, 274
r
INDEX.
Parabin, 597
Para-buxine, 225
Paraffin, 513; 570
Paraflin hydrocarbon, 257
Paramenispermine, 361
Paramorphine, 901; 903
p-cymene, 307
Pectin, (see:-Vegetable jelly)
1; 45; 274; 335; 453; 573; 577;
59p; 802; 816; 876; 903; 950;
986; 1014; 1015; 1032; 1057;
10i8; 1103; 1154; (Proto,
1l!?4);
(middle
lamella,
115.4) (total, 1154) 1191;
1196; 1222
Pectose, 545
Pectous substance, 26; (matter,
448)
Pelletierine, 1032
Pellitorin, 98
Pelosine, 334
Pentacetyl derivative, 377
Pentati'iacontane, 597
Pentoses, 765
Peppermint, 788
Pepp~rmint oil, 789
Pepsin, 275
Peptides, A/173
Peptone, A/228
Peroxide of Iron, 173
Petroleum ether, 812; 1268
Petroleum ether extract, 59;
227; 953; 1268
Pharbitisin, 68~
Phasin, 523
Phellandrene, 328; 513; 935;
1108; 1309
Phenanthrene-pyridine group,
905
Phenol compound, (see-Sesamol) 1127
Phenolic body, 1002, (see:Phenolic substance) .
Phenolic substance,
(seePhenolic body) 59; 517
Phenols, 36; ,170; 322; 513; 588;
836; 961
693
Phenyl-ethylen-ethiocarbide,
843
.
Phintetrol, 128
Phlobaphenes, 39
Phloroglucinol, 588
Phoecretin, 287
Phosphate of Ammonia, A/220
Phosphate
of
ammonium,
A/178
Phosphate of calcium, 213; 744;
A/211 A/220 A/163
Phosphate (of copper), M/48
Phosphate of iron, 45; A/172
Phosphate of Lime, 45; 591;
1184; 1266; M/41; A/152;
A/163
Phosphate of magnesia, 1184
Phosphate of magnesium, 213;
744; A/163; A/220
Phosphate of Potash, 153; 1184
Phosphate of potassium, 213;
744; A/163; A/1~8
Phosphate of sodium, A/178
Phosphates, 162; 736; (earthy,
823) 851; 1039; (earthly,
1176) 1241; 1051; M/48;
A/159; A/192; A/210; A/211
Phosphoric acid, 50; 99; 122;
179; 274; 311; 342; 458; 477;
506; 548; 582; 597; 630; 653;
766; 893; 940; 1018; 1050;
1241; 1245; 1266; M/24;
M/26
Phosphoric anhydride, 61; 778;
822; 823; 1092
Phosphorus, 824; 1147; 11~8;
1191; 1241; 1287; A/162;
A/214; A/231
Phosphorus compound, A/172
Phyllanthin, 948
Phytol, 597
Phytolacca toxin, 951
Phytostererols, 227
Phytosterol,
(see: -Cholesterol) 245; 667; 811; 1051;
1135; 1199; 1292.
Picrasmin, 952
Picrate, 635; 812
694
Picro-aconine, 24
Picrocrocein, 390
Picroglycion (or Dulcamarjn,
1148)
Picrorrhizin, 953
Picrotoxin, 99; 360; 361
Pigments, A/220
Pinene, (see:-Volatile oil of
turpentine) 36; 170; 328; 331;
. 513. 958
Piperazine, 322
Piperidin, 969
Piperidine, 322. 969
Piperine, (or Pipirine, 969)
965; 969
Piperitone, 513; 791
Pipirine, or Piperine, 969
Pittosporin, 979
Plasmoquin, 322
Platinic chloride, 490, 812
plum bagin, 989; 990
Plumeric acid, 993
H methoxy-y-quinoyl-Bvinyl-i2
quinuc1idyl-carbinol, 316
Podophyllic acid~ 994
Podophyllin, 994
Pod9phylloresin, 994, 995
Podophyllotoxin, 994; 995
Podophyllum, 995
Pogostemonine, 995
Pollen dust, A/192
Polycroit, 390
Polygonic acid, 999
Polypeptides, A/173
Polysulphides, 66
Populin, 1005
Porphyroxine, 903
Potash, 21; 50; 122; 173; 179;
215; 274; 363; 478; 506; 536;
591; 632; 720; 736; 765; 766;
Potassium chloride, 59; 138;

976; 1157
Potassium compound, A/172
Potassium myronate, (Sinigrin) 216; 1140
Potassium nitrate, 128; 134;
203; 435; 670; 1109; 1135;
1157
Potassium oxalate acid, (see:Oxalic acid)
Potassium Phosphate, 1012;
A/172
Potassium salts, 102; 475; 869;
1120;\ 1155; 1196
Potassium sulphate, 976
Products of Sodium & Potassim, 601
Prophetin, 467
Prophyl disulphide, 65
Protamines, 1241
Protease, 545
Proteid compound (see:-Gluten albumin) 653
Proteid digestive ferment, 99
Proteid nitrogen, 898
Proteids, 103; 176; 186; 213;
217; 338; 366; 390; 421; 435;
458; 503; 581; 710; 774; 778;
830; 878; 930; 969; 1012; 1066;
1127; 1174; 1175; 1245; 1273;
A/178; A/192
Proteins, 122 (animal, 122)
(high-grade) 122; 407; (compounds, 408) 743; (substances, 744) 878; 1012; 1145;
J\/172;
1146; 1147; 1148;
A/173; J\/174; J\jl77; & 178;
J\j220
Proteins (poisorfOus) 5
Proteolytic enzyme, 173
823; 1092; 1182; 120~; 1214; Proteose, 545
M/24; M/26
Proto-albumoses, Af220
Potash, salts of .1; 305; 823
Protocatechuic acid, 588
Potassium, 9; 45; 778; 1147; Proto-pectin, 1154
1157; 1287
Protopine, 133
Potassium Binoxalate, 1080
Prussic acid, 71; 707; 1012; 1036
Potassium bromide, 1181 I
Pseudaconitine, 22; 23; 26; 32
Potassium carbonate, 868; l;_051 Pseudo-cannabinol, 257
INDEX
Pseudo-curarine, 848
Pseudo-ephedrine, (see:-1soephedrine) 487; 490
Pseudo-hyoscyamine (or Mandragorine), 764
Pseudo~Indican, 1219
Pseudo-morphine, 903; 905
Pseudo-papaverine, 903
Pseudo-pelletierine, 1032
P-toluic acid, 416
Pulegone, 791
Pulp, watery, (see:-Watery
pulp) 164
Punarnavine, 203
Punico-tannic acid, 1032
Pupa or Dead beetle, A/166
Pure gelatin,
(see:-Gelatin,
pure) A/136
Purgative principle, 1066
Purified cholesterin, A/137
Purpurin, 1075
Pyrethrin, 98; 1164
Pyrethrine, 1037
Pyridin derivative, M/24
Pyrocatechin, ,223; 513; 1025
Pyrocatechol )tannins, 1199
Pyrogallol, 660
Pyrrole-quinolines, 322
Pyrryi-indoles, 322
Quartenylic acid (or crotonic

acid 396)
Quassin ( or Quassiin)
( also
called, 'Samaderin') 57; 952;
1040; 1096 .
Quassiin,
see:-Quassin 952
Quercetin,
(see also:-Quercetrin or Quercitrin) 11; 63;
248; 265; 420; 526; 562; 587;
994; 1254
Quercetrin or Quercitrin, 529;
1008; 1072
Quercitannic acid, 1072
Quercitol, 597
Quercitrin, 699; 1008; 1072
Querritrin or Quercetin, 562
695
Quicksilver, M/68
Quinamine, 928
Quinic or chinic acid, 316
Quinidine, 315; 316; 317; 318;321
Quinine, 315; 316; 317; 318; 320;
321; 1041; 1045
Quinine sulphate, 316
Quinoidine, 317
Quinoline, 316; 322
.Quinoline-amido-acetamides,
322
Quinoline-amino-acetyl-p.' arsenillic acids, 322; 323
: Quinovin or Kinovin, 1187
Quintamine, 321
Quintenidine or Quitenidine f
321
Quinuclidine residues, 316
Quitenidine or Quintenidine,.
321
Quitenine, 321
Racemic acid, 1287

Red colouring matter, 5; 230;
673; 674
Red oxide
(Cuprous Oxide)
M/48; M/130 Red-resin,
(see:-Hypericum red, 673)
Red sulphides, M/36
Red sulphide of Mercury,
M/36
Reducing sugars, 115; 116; 517;
546; 547; 609; 765; 823; 824;
944; 1018; 1032; 1033; 1292
Rennet ferment, 242
Resins, 4; 13; 19; 50; 52; 57;
(acrid (1) 75; 92; 109; 116;
118; 141; (aromatic, & greenish yellow 153) 179; (acrid,
186.) 196; 219; 236; 237;
(yellow bitter, 238) (acrid,
243) (yellow, 243) (yellow
bitter, 244) (Black acrid,
244) 245' 253' 254' 257' 258'
(dark y~llowish 258) , (soft
~96
yellow, 274) (brownish yellow, 281) (yellow, 282) ~89;

294; 300; 328; 352; 354; 362;
392; 404; 407; 408; 411; 41~;
414; 415; 419; 424; 434; 43~;
445; 455; (transparent, 456;
470; 474; 508; 510; 513; 517.;
520; 522; 524; 526; (amorphous euphorbia, 528) 529;
537; 538; 542; 556; 562; 564;
565; 569; 570; 579; 585; (yellow, 588) 596; 597; 599; (acid,
608) (yellow, 612); 618; 622;
624; 627; (garnet red, 830)
662; (red, 673) 674; 686; 689;
691; (ethersoluble, 692) 694;
701; 708; 709; 710; 731; 743;
747; (brownish-red or reddish yellow-laminar plates
761) 771; 772; (amorphous,
777); (neutral & acid, 778)
787; 789; 790; 793; 795; (acrid,
796) 802; (bitter, 804) 806;
811; 818; 827; 830; (red, 834)
838; 840; 844; 851; 872; 903;
(green, 925) 926, (red, 927)
953; 958; 965; 969; 973; 974;
'975; 986; 995; 1001; 1002;
1008; (orange brown acid,
1009) 1010: 1017; 1020; 1047;
1051; 1057; 1072; 1083;
(bitter, 1088);' 1092; 1099;
1108; 1109; (gum, 1332;)
1135; 1161; 1164; 1182; 1183;
1184; 1189; 1197; 1203; (yellow, 1222) 1230; 1233; 1241;
1260; 1261; 1266; 1268; 1271;
1278; 1292; 1302; 1304; 1305;
1308; 1309; M/26; M/27;
(Acrid bitter, A/147)
Resin-acid, 247; 1135; 1268
Resin-myrrh, 17,0
Resinoid body, 478; 1196
Resinous acid, 227
Resinous compound, 994
Resinous extract (see:-Kalmegh Resin or Kalmeghin)
102; 231
Resinous matters, (bitter, 238)

245; 873; 1075; 1228; (yellow,
1266)
Resinous principle, 688
Resinous product, 1222
Resinous substance, (light yellow noq-crystalline bitter,
784); 857; (red, 1059; 1197)
Resorcin, 231
Rhamnose, 1055; 1157
Rhaponticin, 1057
Rhein, 1059
Rheo-tannic-acid, 1057
Rhinacanthin, 1059
Rhinanthin, (aucubin), 530;
725; 927; 1270; 1271
Rhoeadine, 901
Riboflavin, 122
Ricin, 5; 705; 1066
Ricinoleate of glycerol, (or triricin olein, 1066; (see: -glycerides of ricinoleic isoricinoleic acids)
Roosa-Ka-attar, 108
Rosaginine, 848
Rottlerin, 761
Rumicin, (see:,-Chrysophanic
acid) 1079; 1080
Rutaecarpine, 531
Rutin, 267; 562; 1081
Saccharine matter,
(see:Cane-sugar) :-154; 363; 585;
608; (substance, 724), 828;
cane-sugar, 1083) 1168
Saccharose, 181; 1267
'1SaffroI, 331
Safrole, 250
,
Salicin, (see:-Salicine) 925;
1005; 1090;1.091; AI147
Salicine,' (or Salicin) 1089;
1090
Salicylic' acid, 14; 234; 570; 587;
701; 1015; 1064; 1090; 1139
Saligenin, 1090
Saline substances, 531
1I
[
INDEX
Salt of lime, 109

_
Salts, 39; 119; 138; 170; 227;
(nutritive, 232) 289; 591;
632; 662; 692; 736; 828; 851;
944; 1015; 1017; (mineral,
1017) 1245; 1258; 1275; 1305;
A/156;
(earthy,
A/158)
A/163; A/170; A/172; A/173;
A/178; A/179; A/2I6; A/220
Salts of ammonium, 904
Salts of calcium, 904
Salts of lime, 1075
Salts of Magnesium, 904; 976
Salts of Margaric acid, A/230
Salts of Oleic acid, A/230
Salts of Potash, (see:-potash,
salts of) 1; 305; 823
Salts of potassium, 976
Salts of Sodium, 976
Salt of Stearic acid.. A/230
Salts of valerie acid, 1108
Salvadorine, 1092
Samaderin, 57; 1096; (also called "Quassin" 1096)
Sambunigrin, 1097
Sand, 45; 245; 407; 441; 458;
461; 507; 584; 684; 734; 806;
879; 881; 924; 931; 940; 1050;
1081; 1165; 1241; 1246; 1247;
1305;
M/26; - (see:-Ash
which generally contains
Sand)
Sanservierine, 1098
Santalic acid (or Santalin),
1026
Santalin (or Santalic acid),
1026
Santalol, 1099
Santalone, 1099
Santal-pterocarpin, 1026
Santonin, 142
Santonone', 1099
Sapone, 134
Saponin, 13; 50; 54; 60; 98; 160;
166; 172; 176; 177; 179;
(glucosidic, 179) 181; 248;
267; 272; 349; 384; 387; 407;
423; (crystalline, 448) 457;
45
697
486; 523; 550; 620; 722; 797;

801; 827; 894; 947; 1047;
1103; 1104; 1114; 1143; 1152;
1156; 1158; 1168; 1228; 1233;
1241; 1267; 1290
Sapotin,20
Sappan-red, 230
Sarcine, (Hypox,anthioe) 403;
653
Saturated acids, 1292
Saussurine, 1108; 1109
Saussurine tartrate, 1109
Scammony resin, 376
Scatol, 298
Scilipicrin~ 1257
ScilIaren, A/H15
Scillaren B, 1115
Scillian, 1257
Scillitoxin, 1257
Scopolamine, 435; 679
Scutellarin, 1118
Semecarpolj, (see:-Monohy_-'
droxyphenol & also Anaeardol), 1120
Semi-liquid oil, 253
Senegen, 265
Senna-erol, (Chrysophan) 287
Senna-picrin, 287
Senna-sugar, 287
Sennit, (see:-Cathartomannit)
287
Sepeerine, 334
Serpentine, 1051
Serpentinine, 1051
Serum, A/178
Sesamin. 1127
Sesamol (See:-Phenol Compound), 1127
Sesquiterpene, 36; 257; 466;
513; 836; 933; 961
Sesquiterpene alcohol, 415;
1099
Sequiterpene hydrocarbon, 415
Silica, 173; 278; 289; 548; 591;
787; 823; 1197j 1214j M/7j
M/24; M/26j M/130j A/210j
A/211
Silicate, 1051; M/93; M/131
698
Silicate of aluminium, M/124

Silicate of Zinc, M/132 I
Silicia, 45; 99
Silicic acid, 66; 179; 653;, 976
Silicic acid, hydrate of, 173
Silicious matter, 444
Silicon, M/93
'
Silicon dioxide, M/93
Silicum, 173
Silver salt, 244; 245
Sinalbin, 213
Sinapin, 213; 217
Sinigrin (Potassium myl'onate), 216; 1140
Sitosterol, 227; 1036
Skatole (See:-Methyl-indole),
578
Skimmianine, 1142; 1143
Smilasperic acid, 620
Snake-poison, A/221.-See:Columbin
Socaloin, 76
Soda, 179; 274; 478; 591; 720;
823; 1182
Sodii Carbonas impura or
washing Soda (See:-Sodium
carbonate) MII01
Sodium, 1199
Sodium Potassium products,
601
Sodium carbonate (Sodii Carbonas impura), or washing
Soda), M/101; 102
Sodium chloride, 102; 289; 352;
M/99; M/100; A/159; A/172
Sodium compound, 45; A/172
Sodium nitre, M/100
Sodium salt, 661; (of an acid,
778); 869
Sodium sulphate (see:-Sulphate of Soda), M/99
Solacarpidin, 1157
Solancarpine, 1156
Solanidine, 1148; 1149; 1152
Solanine, 268; 1148; 1149; 1152;
1154; 1156; 1157
Solid hydrocarbon, 513
Somniferin, 1292
'_
I
."-
/'
Soya acidophilis milk (see:Milk), 1147

Spargancin, 153
Spargin, 153
Special protein, A/192; A/193
Sphaeranthine, 1162
Spilanthol, 1163; 1164
Spirit, 96; 179
Spirit extract, 245
Squalin, A/231
Staphisagrine, 443
Starch, 1; 26; 35; 65; 85; 121;
122; 146; 148; 162; 176; 179:
. 186; 219; 226; 232; 255; 281;.
289; 300; 304; 311; 328; 354;
356; 369; 400; 404; 407; 411:
412; 413; 414; 419; 424; 428;
452; 458; 460; 462; 475; 477;
520; 534; 557; 572; 577; 579;
582; 588; 591; 597; 608; 622;
653; 684; 686; 692; 694; 705;
708; 720; 726; 734; 761; 787;
795; 796; 801; 802; 822; 823;
830; 840; 842; 859; 872; 378;
893; 896; 899; 925; 930; 934;
939; 940; 957; 961; 969; 977;:
999; 1009; 1051; 1057; 1066;
1079; 1113; 1114; 1131; 1143;
1147; 1154; 1161; 1170; 1176;
1214; 1222; .1227; 1244; 1245;
1260; 1305; 1308; 1309
Stearic acid, 179; 363; 667; 777:
811; 1002; A/138
Stearic acid, dihydroxy, 179:'
567
Stearic glyceride, 26
Stearin, 61; 179; 181; 1066;
1127; A/137; A/178; A/230;
A/231
~
Stearine, 12'05
Stearoptin, 352; (crystalline,
620 )';-788; 789~ .1028
Stereosomerides, 316
Sterol,,1157
Storax, 86
Storesinol, 747
Strophanthin, 1115; 1172
Strychnic acid, 1175
699
Strychnine, 1173; 1174; 1175;

1180
Stypticin (Cotarnine Hydrochloride) 910
,)
Styracin, 86; 747
Styrol, 86; 747
Succinic acid, 141; 1155
Sucrose, 778
Sugar, 9; 45; 63; 65; 122; (uncrystallizable, 85); 153; 162;
166; 179; 180; 186; 227; 274;
285; 289; 300; 304; 313; 328;
339; 342; 345; 363; 366; 369;
379; 385; 386; 390; 404; 407;
412; 413; 414; 419; 428; 454;
(reducing, 517); 520; 526;
547; 556; (uncrystallizable,
573; 632); 577; 582; 662; 676;
686; 705; 720; 743; 760; 761;
765; 766;. 795; 796; 801; 802;
816; 822; 823; 824; 827; 830;
838; 840; 855; 857; 873; 893;
903; 934; 950; 953; 961; 986;
1002; 1012; 1014; 1015; 1020;
1032; 1036; 1039; 1057; 1066;
1075; 1078; 1090; 1092; 1109;
1143; 1146; 1148; 1152; 1157;
1165; 1176; 1196; 1199; 1214;
1230;' (chemical, 1245) 1257;
1260; 1264; (uncrystallizable;
1266); 1267; 1275; 1287; 1298;
1305; 1308; 1316; 1318; A/162;
A/170; A/172; A/173; A/174;
A/196; A/170
Sugar extractive, 922
Sugar of milk, A/179
Sugar saccharine, 684
Sugary matter (mannite), 572
Sugary substance, 1046
Sulpha-cyanide or Sulphocyanide, 217
Sulphate, 59; 81; 203; 743; 823;
851; 976; A/210; A/211
Sulphate of the alkaloid,. 203
Sulphate of Calcium, 717;
A/211
Sulphate of cinchonidine, 317
Sulphate of cinchonine, 317
Sulphate of Indigo or "Extract

of Indigo", 681
Sulphate of Lime ,591
Sulphate of Potash, 313; 1287;
M/102
Sulphate of Potassium, 743;
A/163
Sulphate of quinidine, 317 :'I!_,
Sulphate of quinine, 317
Sulphate of Soda (Sodium sul-phate), 591; M/100; M/I02
Sulphate of Sodium, M/91
Sulphide, M/48; M/68; M/130
Sulphide of Iron, M/66; M/99
Sulphide of mercury, M/66
Sulphocyanide 213; (of allyl,
216)
Sulphur, 50/51; 63; 66; 119;
162; 218; 227; 228; 736; 771;
778; 811; 824; 1050; 1241;
M/14; M/36; M/54; A/l36;
A/162;
A/163;
A/214;
A/219; A/231
Sulphur compound, 65, (Volatile, 778); A/172
Sulphuret (Blende), M/130
Sulphuret of antimony, A/I53
Sulphuretted hydrogen, M/99
Sulphuretted volatile oil, 1050
Sulphuric acid, 99; 179; 517;
582; 591; 765; 903; 1287;:
M/26; M/100
Sulphuric anhydride, 823
Sulphuric ether, 227; 812
Sulphuric ether extract, ~53
Supari-Ka-phul, 208
Superbine, 579
Supermalates of Lime & Potash, 622
Syringin, 1188
Tannates, 118
Tannic acid (See:-Tannin),.
26; 45; 115; 184; 208; 230;
248; 281; 289; 316; 354; 369;
375; 505; 761; 822; 848; 859;
700
949; 999; 1018; 1042; t057;

1072; 1090; 1093; 1099; 1113;
1161; 1181;
1194;
1197;
1206; 1264; 1287; 1290
tannic principles, 1132
Tannin (See:-Tannic acid),
8; 9; 11; 35; 39; 45; 52; 118;
.130; 137; 141; 179; 181; 183;
184; 198; 229; 247; 273; 281;
284; 293; 296; 328; 339;
354; 381; 411; 424; 448;
453; 457; 474; 478; 504;
513; 517; 520; 526; 544;
;.548; 550; 552; 557; 564; 570;
577; 578; 579; 582; 585; 588;
602; 609; 615; 617; 624; 632;
662; 676; 688; 694; 699; 731;
761; 771; 784; 789; 790; 793;
795; 796; 798; 799; 801; 802;
818; 823; 828; 836; 838; 844;
868; 893; 944; 961; 973; 975;
1010; 1016; 1017; 1025; 1032;
1041; 1042; 1057; 1060; 1062;
1078; 1079; 1090; 1105; 1109;
1114; 1195; 1199; (pyrocatechol, 1199); 1205; 1206; 1211;
1219; 1233 1241; 1260; 1267;
1287; 1295; 1316; 1318
Tar, 295
Taraxacerin, 1196
Taraxacin, 1196
Tarry non-volatile 'co1!rosive
residue, 1120
Tartaric acid, 191; '274; 287;
363; 585; 597; 632; (free,
717); 903; 1072; 1155; 1191;
1287
Tartaric of Potassium, 1191
Tartrate of Lime, 1287
Tartrate of potash, 39
Tasmanol, 513
'
Tatano-cannabinine, 257
Taxine, 3, 1197
'
Temuline, 750
Terephthalic acid, 416
Teroenes,:' 110; 1141; 257;. 331;
339; .408;.513; 537; 715; .789;
:855; 862; 875; 958; ~9.61;962,
..
1028; (alcohol, 1108)

Terpeniol, 466
Terpinene, 307
Terpineol, 513; 1100; 1261
Terpinyl acetate, 475
Antimony
Tersulphide
of
M/13
.
,
Thebaine, 900; 901; 903; 905;
907
"Theine", 248
Theobromine, 248; 1169; 1214;
A/183
Theophylline, 248
Theve-resin, 1219
Thevetidine, 1218
Thevetin, 1218; 1219
Thevatine or Thevetine, (1219)
302
Thevetine, 1219 (See:-Thevatine, 302)
Thujone, 141
Thymene, 408; 1028
Thymol (see:-oleum thyme,
1219); 280; 408; 790; (crude,
1028)
Tiglie acid, 396
Tiglic esters of isobutyl, anyl
& hexyalcohols; ir8
Tiglinic acid, 396
'
Tiliacorine, 1220
Total pectins, 1154
Total sugars, 115; 116; 517;
546; 547; 765; 823; 824; '944;
1018; 1032; 1033; 1287
Toxalbumin, 5; 289; 705
Toxicarina, 128
Toxic body, 1218
Toxic substan~, 656; (bitter,
951)
'.
Toxin, 1197
Tragacanth, 15~
Tricho-sanfhin, 1238Trifolfu, 1239
Triglyceride of Linoleic acid,
505
Triglyceride of oleic acid, '505
Triglyceride of palmitic acid,
505
INDEX
Trigonelline, 803;. 977; ~241

Trfuydroxymethyl...anthrano1monomethylether, 1266
'I1rimethylamine, 995; 1091;
1092; 1241
Trimethyl ether, 128
Triolein, 1219
Trioxy-methyl...anthraquinone
(See:-Emodin), 287
Tripalmatin, 1219
Tri-ricinolein, or Ricinoleate of
glycerol, 1066 (See:-Glycerides of ricinoleic & isoricinoleic acids)
Tristearin, 567; 1066; 1219
Tritopine, 903
Tropa-cocaine, 510
Tropate of tropin, 435
Tryptophane, 125; 255; A/173
Tuberin, 1154; 1155
Tubo-toxin, 445
Turkish essence of geranium,
108
Turmeric oil, 415
Turmerol, 415
Turnsole, 310
Turpethic acid, 692
Turpethin, 691; 692
Turpetholic acid, 692
Tylophorine, 150; 1252
Tyramin, 1139
Tyrosine, 125; 126; 153; 255;
368; 545
701
Valeraldehyde, 513
Valerianic acid, 396; 538; 720;
1047; 1260; A/138
Valerianic aldehydes, 514
. Valerianic ethers of turpeneol,
775
Valerianine, 1261
Valerie acid, 110; 134~ 415;
778
Vanilion, 86
Vanillin, 1183; 1264
Vasicine or Visicine, 40; 41
Vegetable albumen, 50
Vegetable casein, 162
.Vegetable gluten, 162
Vegetable jelly (See:_-Pectin),
591; 592
Vegetable matter, 173; M/26
Vegetable salts, 287
Vellarin, 662
Velulose, A/195
Veratrine, 247
Verbenalin, 1267
Vernonine, 1268
Vesicating oil, 1119
Vicin, 1272
Vidangin, 479
Vince toxin, 151
Viola-quercitrin, 1275
Vinoline, 1275
Viperin snake-poison, A/221
Viscin, 1276
Visicine or Vasicine, 40; 41
Visicine hydrochloride, 41
Visicinet-artrate, 41
Vitamin B complex, 122
Umbelliferon, 538
Vitamin B1, 122
Uncrystallizable Sugar, 85; Vitamin C, 1152
573; 632; 1266
Vitamins, 66; 122; (A, B, C,
Unsaponifiable matter, 811;
D & G, 1148)
1002
Vitellin, 186
Unsaturated acids, 1230; 1292 Vitelline, A/162
Urea, M/24; M/25
Volatile acid, 720; 778
Urease, 5; 173; 458; 1256'
Volatile alkaloid, 268
Ursone, 570
Volatile base, 758
Urushic acid, 776,
Volatile essential oil, (See:Essential Volatile, oil), 35;
65; 77; 98; 109; 113; 114; 118;
702
119; 120; 141; 170; 19B; 254;

381; 400; 414; .456; 504; 673;
676; (aromatlc, 736); 771;
790; 795; 796; 840; 875; 935;
(balsamic, 969); 1028; 1072;
~
1219
Volatile matters, 456; 950
Volatile oil, 45; (acrid); 63;
65; 75; 104; 141; 142; 167;
198; 201; 216; 248; 257; 266;
268; 285; 305; (aromatic,
316); 328; 339; 342; 346; 366;
(fatty 390); 475; 478; 513;
537; 542; 570; (acrid, 599);
620; 692; 694; 710; 747; 761;
789; 801; 830; 835; (fragrant,
838); (yellowish, 855); 893;
903; 935; 965 (balsamic, 969);
974; (principle, 995); 1017;
1018; 1040; (sulphuretted,
1050); (aromatic, 1072); 1078;
1099; 1140; 1182; 1197; 1214;
1219; (green, 1234); 1260;
1261; (yellow, 1266); (essential, 1271; 1275; 1302; (aromatic, 1309); A/147; A/192
Volatile oil of turpentine (See:
-Pinene), 958
Volatile substance, nauseous,
138
Volatilisable
camphoraceous
princpile, 851
Vomicine, 1175
Washing Soda (Sodium Car~

bonate or Soaii Carbonas
impura), M/102; M/I0l
Water-soluble .principles,
A/192
Watery extract, 152; 63~
Watery
pulp
(See:-,-Pulp,
watery), 164
Wax, 39; 50; 390; 400; 445; 520;
526; 544; 548; 550; 552; 591;
699; 710; 743; 761; 801; 802;
842; 848; 873; 876; "903; 953;
.-
986; 1047; 1051; 1090; 1113;

1149; 1150; 1168; 1176; 1254;
(crystalline, 1266); (waxy
matter,
M/26);
A/156;
. A/197
Wine, 96
Withanin, 1291
Woody fibre (See:-Fibre),
1; 63; 90; 95; 103; 104; 106;
109; 218; 232; 278; 298; 307;
309; 312; 381; 407; 421; 441;
449; 450; 458; 461; 477; 503;
506; 507; 584; 595; 684; 696;
697; 698; 722; 734; 751; 766;
806; 836; 879; 880; 881; 897;
923; 924; 929; 930; 931; 938;
940; 942; 944; 950; 977; 1050;
1081 1127; 1131 ,1152; 1154;
1165; 1234; 1241; 1246; 1247;
1305; 1306
Woody matters, 109
Wrightine, 635
Xanthine, 248; 366;

(yellow;
1076)
Xanthostrumarin, 1298
Xanthoxylin, 1302
Y-antiar in, 128

Y-coniceine, 374
Y -crocetin, 390
Yeast, 180
Yeast-fat, 1299
Yellow acid, 806
Yellow colouring matter (See:
-Colouring=matter); 200;
475
,
Yellow crystalline stuff, 922
Yellowish;-green oil, 45
Yellowish substance, 1148
Yellow prinCiple, 1275
,Yellow pungent body (See:Gingerol), 1309
Y-ephedrine, 490
INDEX
y _methyl-ephedrine, 490
Yolk, A/163
Y-pseudo-ephedrine, 490
Zinc carbonate, M/131

Zinc sulphate, M/31
Zingiberene (See: -Zing iberine, 1309), 415
Zingiberine (See: -Zingi
berine, 415), 1309
Zizyphic acid, 1316; 1318
_Achatina fulica, A/135

Acidum arseniosum (See:Arsenum), M/15
Acipenser Huso, Linn or A
stellatus, A/135
Acridotheres ginginianus,
A/136
Acyl chlorides, A/204
Adanuis, M/1
Adeps, A/136
Adeps Lanae, A/137
Adeps lanae hydrosus, A/137
Aegithina tiphia, or Clamator
jacobinus, or Hirundo rusttica, A/138; A/155
Agama agilis (See:-Lacerta
agilis), A/138; A/170
'Ajwan-Ka-phul, or Bishop's
weed, M/123
Albumen (See: -Gallus Ban
Kiva), A/162; A/138
Alcohol, A/151
Alectoris Graea; A/138
Allus banKiva (See:-Phasianus), A/213
Alumen, M/2 .
Alumen exsiccatum, M/6
Aluminii Silicas or Silicate of
Alumina, or Felspar or
Clay), M/6; M/94
703
Aluminium silicate (See:White felspar; Silicate of

Aluminum), M/7; M/24
Aluminium yellow earth, M/7
Ambra Grasea, A/138
Amlasar gandhaKa, M/1l9
Amponii chloridium, or Ammonium chloride (See:Saline substances), 'M/ll;
M/101; M/97
Ammonium chloride (Navasagara)
(See: -AmmoIiii
chloridum;
Saline
substances), Mill; M/I01; M/97
Anabas scandens, or Anabas
Scandeonus, A/139; A/214
Anabas scandeonus, A/214 or
Anabas scandens, A/139
Animal flesh, A/139
Animal gelatin, A/136
Anser Indicus, A/143
Antigone antigone, A/143
Antilope cervicapra, A/143
Antimonii sulphidum, or Antimony sulphide, M/13
Antimony sulphide, See:Antimonii sulphidum, M/13
Apis mellifica, (See:-Mel.)
A/l44; A/191
Ardeola grayii, A/l44
Argentum, M/13
Arlus arius, A/l44; A/214
Arsenicum Rubrum, See:Arsenii disulphidum or Bisulphuret of Arsenic, M/19;
M/80
Arsenii disulphidum, (See:Bisulphuret of Arsenic or
Arsenicum Rubrum, M/19;
M/80
Arsenii trisulphidum or Trisulphuret of Arsenic, M/20
Arsenum or Acidum arseniosum, M/15
Asphaltum, M/23
Athene Brama Indica, A/144
Audbhid, M/98; M/100
704
Bos bubalus, A/146

Bos taurus, A/146
Boyal fish (See:-Scioenidus
Pama, whiting); A/214
Brass, M/48
Bronze, M/48
Bufo melanosticus
(See:Rana tigrina); A/146; A/217
Balaena, A/144
Button lac (See:-Lac: sheet:
Ban fish, (See: -Indian Eel),
shell; Stick); A/150
A/214
Bangada-khara or Very impure carbonate of Soda,
Ml102
Cacteria lacca, (See: -Cateria
Barbus sophore, A/214
lacca; Coccus lacca; Lacca;
Barilla or Sajjikar or CarboTachardia lacca); A(148;
nate of Soda or Kelp; SwarA/156; A/170
jikakshara, M/78; M/lOl; Calcareous spar, M/4l
M/102
Calci hydroxide, M/42
Baryta, M/132
Calcii carbonas or Calcium
Basic hydrogen, M/124
carbonate, M/41
Beeswax, white (See: -White Calcii hydras, M/42
beeswax) A/152
Calcii hydroxidum (See:Beeswax, yellow (See: - YelCalcii
hydras;
Calcium
low beeswax or Cera lava)
hydroxide; Calci hydroxide;
A/151; A/152
Calcium hydrate); M/42
Bell. metal, M/48
Calcii oxidum or Calcium
Benzin powder, A/137
oxide or Calx or Lime ko.
Bezoar, A/144
M/44
Bhetki fish, A/214
Calcii sulphas or Hydrated
(Ajwan-ka-.
Bishop's weed
Calcium sulphate, M/46
phul); M/123
._
Calcium, M/40
Bisulphuret of Arsenic, (See: Calcium carbonate (or Calcii
-Arsenii disulphidum; Arcarbonas); M/41
se:Qicum Rubrum); M/19; Calcium hydrate, M/4.2; M/45
M/80
Calcium hydroxide, M/42
Bivalve shell, A/145
Calcium oxide or Calcii oxiBlack sulphur, M/119
dum; or C~lx or Lime Ko.
Black
Talc
(See:-Vajra
M/44
Abhra); M/123; M/124
Callichrous paQda, A/2l4
Blue sihljit (Silajit, blue) ; Calx, M/44
.
M/23
Cam~lus dromodarius, A/I46
Bombyx Mori, A/14S
Canthari;;" vesicatoria, A/207
Bombyx mylitta, A/145
Capra-Aegagrus, A/147;A/142'
Borax (Tankanhar), M/78
Carbo ligni, M/46
MllOl; M/104
Eru~ess:ite) , Carbonate, impure, (See: Bornite, (See:
M/49
. ~Impure carbonate); MJl30
Audbhid lavana, or Shota or
Salt-petre or Shoralfhar,
M/98; M/IOI
Audbhida salt, (See:-Pr.nsu
salt) M/71
Aurum, M/32
/'
INDEX
Carbonate of oxide, (See:Oxide of zinc); M/13l;

M/132
Carbonate of Soda or Sajikhara
or Barilla or Swarjikakshara,
M/78; M/lOl; M/102
Carbonate of zinc, (oxide of
zinc; Zinc oxidum); M/13l;
M/132
Carchardon carcharius, A/2l4,
see:-Carcharodon Carcharius,'
A/147
CaSein or Curd, A/179
Castoreum, A/147
Cateria lacca or Coccus lacca
or Lacca, or Tachardia lacca,
A/148; A/170; A/156
Cat fish variety, (Tangra fish;
Macrones Tangra); A/2l5
Catla-catla, A/2l4
Cephalopoda, (Os sepie; Sepia
officmalis; Cuttle-fish)
A/15l; A/2l0; A/2l7
Cera, A/144; A/15l
Cera alba, A/152
Cera lava, (yellow beeswax)
or Cera; or Beeswax; A/15l;
A/152
Cerevesia lactis, (See:-:-Koumiss or Kumyss or (Kumiss
or Fem1ented Milk), M/152;
A/170
Cervus aristotelis (See: -Cervus Elephus; Cervus equinus); A/152; A/153
Cervus dama, A/152
Cervus Elephus, (See: -Cervus aristotelis; Cervus equinus); A/152; A/153
Cervus equinus, or Cervus
elephus, or Cervus aristotelis, A/152; A/153
Cetaceum,
(See: -Physeter
macrocephalus) ; A/~54';
A/2l3
Chelonia, A/l54
Chloride of mercury
(Rasakarpura); M/lOO
'i05
Chloride of Sodium (Sodiumchloride); M/lOOi M/109

Cholesterin, A/138
Cinnabar, M/36; M/68
Cinnabar,
native
(See:Native Cinnabar); M/68
Clamator jacobinus or Hirundo'
rustica or Aegithina tiphia,
A/138; A/155
Clarias batrachus, A/2l4
Clay or Felspar or Silicate of
Alumina or Aluminii silicas,
M/6~ M/94
Clupea ilisha (See: -Pisces) ;
A/155; A/2l3; A/2I5
Coccus
cacti
(Dactylopius-.
coccus) A/15S; A/159
Coccus lacca or Cacteria lacca
or Lacca; Tachardia lacca;
A/148; A/156; A/170
Columbia domestica or Colum-bia livia, A/156
Columbia livia or domestica,A/156
Common salt (See:-Panga;'
Salt
common) ;
M/101:
M/109
Copper ores, M/48; M/49
Copper silajit (See:-Silajit,
copper); M/23
Copper sulphate (See: -Sulphate of Copper) M/52 &
53
Copper, unprepared
(See:Unprepared Copper), M/5l
Corallium rubrum, or Iris,
nobilis, A/209; A/156; A/170Corvus splendens splandens,
A/158
Creta Gallica Purificata, or
Talcum Purificatum, M/123"
Crocodilus porosus, A/15S,
Crotalin (Rattle-snake), A/22SCrude carbonate or Sulphateof Soda; or Sodium sulphate,
M/102; M/lOO
Crude soda or Sajimati, MilO!)'
.crystalline Rocksalt, (See:Rocksalt, White, Red), M198

.cupri sulphas, or Cuprum sulphas, or Cupri sulphate,
M/52
,Cupri sulphate, or Cupri sulphas, or Cuprum sulphas,
M/52
'Cuprum, M/47
Cuprum sulphas, or Cupri sul'phas, or Cupri sulphate,
M/52
,Curd or Casein, A/179 ,
,Cuttle-fish, (See: -Sepia officinalis; os Sepiae & Cephal-,opoda) , A/151; A/210; A/217
iCypraea moneta, A/158
Cyprinus rohita, A/159
Daboa venom, A/219
'Daboia russeUi vel elegans,
A/218
\Dactylopius coccus, (See:Coccus cacti), A/159; A/155
'Dadhi, A/176
Derivatives of toluene, (See:Toluene, derivatives of),
A/204
'Dhobi's earth, M/102
'Echis carinata, A/2I9, A/224
Eggs, fish (See: -Fish eggs),
A/215
'
Elephas Africanus
(See:Elephas inqicas; Elephas
maximus), A/160
Elephas indicas, Elephas africanus, Elephas maximus,
A/160
Elephas maximus (See: -Elephas indicas, Elephas africanus) , A/160
-Equus asinus, A/160 '
Equus caballus, A/160
-Erubescite (or bornite), 1Vr/49
Ethyl-acetate, A/207
Eudynamis sco}opaceus, A/160
-Fel bovinum purlficatum: or
Fe! tauri depuratus), A/162;
A/161
."---:-
Fel bovis, A/161

Felis tigris, A/161
Felspar, or Clay or Silicate of
Alumina or Aluminii Silicas
'
M/6; M/94
Felspar, white, or Silicate aluminium, M/7
Fel Tauri Depuratus, (See:Fel bovinum Gold purifica, tum), A/161; A/162
Ferri Oxidum Praecipitatum
Fuscum (B.P.C.) (See:Ferri Peroxidum Rubrum)
M/62
'
Ferri
Peroxidum
Rubrum
(See:-Ferri Oxidum Praecipitatum Fuscum (B.P.C.),
M/62
Ferri sulphas, M/63
Ferri sulphuratum, M/66
Ferroso-Ferric Oxide, M/62
Ferrum, M/54
Fish eggs (See:-Eggs, fish),
A/215
Fishes: -River;
Shallowwater; Tank & Pond; Large
lake; Spring-water; Wellwater etc., Punti; shale;
. A/213 to 216.-See: -Pisces
Flint, ipure
(See: -Silica),
M/93
Fluorine, M/124
Francolinus I Pondicerianus,
A/141; A/162
Frog, M/217
Gadus MarlucCius, or Hakefish,
I"'\.
.
A/135
Gallus Bankiva (See: -Albumen), A/138; fi/162'
Gallus domesticus,o A/162
Gallus pugnex, or Ganus pusilIus, (Gallus domesticus),
A/162
Gallus pusillus, or Gallus pug,. nex. (See: -Gallus domesti-'
eus) , A/162
Gandhak-na-phul
(Sublimed
I
1
t
II
I
r
INDEX
sulphur or Milk of Sulphur) ,

1\1/119; M/122
Gastropoda (See: .-Univalve,
& Turbinella rapa; or Xanchus pyrum) , A/164; A/232;
A/234
Gecko verticillatus, A/I65
German silver, M/49 ,
Ghrita, A/176
Glucose, A/IS3
Goda-Iavana, or Romaka or
Sakambari, or Sambharnuna,
.or Vadagru mithu or Savara
mith or Sambar luna or
mitha, M/9S; M/IOO
Gold ashes (See: -Gold powder), M/33
Gold leaf, M/33
Gold powder (See: -Gold
ashes), M/33
Gold, prepared (See:-prepared ,gold), M/34
Gold
silajit
(See:-Silajit
gold); M/23
Gomuthra silajit ,(See: -Silajit Gomuthra) i M/24
Gopichandan, M/7
Gorai or Nata fish, A/215
Gutika or Gutika salt M/98'
MIIOI
"
Hakefish (Gadus Marluccius)

A/135
'
Halcyon Smyrnensis
smyrnensis, A/166
Halicore australis,
(See:Halicore dugong Erxleben)'
A/1OO
'
Halicore dugong-Erxleben (or
Halicore australis), A/166
Heart Pea (Nayaphatakipand)'
~/103
'
Helix aspera, A/166
Hemiptera, A/166
Herring Indian (See:-Hilsa
fish); Aj214
Rilsa fish, (See: -Indian herring); A/214
707
Himsagar (Pashanbhedi Irrissp); M/1l5

Hingool, M/72
Hingula or Red sulphide of
Mercury, M/68; M/69; M/72
Hirudenaria, (Poecilobdella)
Granulosa,
(Medicinal
leech); A/167
Hirudo Medicinalis (See:~anguisuga
medicinalis(Speckled Leech); A/167;
A/217
Hirundo il"Ustica lor Clamator
jacobinus,
or' Aegithina
tiphia; A/138; A/155
'Hydrargyrum, M/67
Hydrated Calcium sulphate or
Calcii sulphas, M/46
Hydroxyl, M/124
Ichthyol, M/24
Impure carbonate (See: -Carbonate impure); M/130
Impure salt (Telio tankana);
M/104
Impure tin (Misraka or misrakam); M/lI6; M/ll7
Indian Eel (See: -Ban fish);
A/214
Indian ~herring (See:-Hil<;a
fish); A/214
Indian vipers (See:-Vipers,
Indian); A/2lS
Iris nobilis (See:-Corallium
Rubrum); A/15S; A/170;
A/209
Iron, M/132
Iron peroxide (See: -Peroxide
or Iron); M/3
Iron pyrites
(See:-Pyrites,
iron); M/54
Iron
silajit
(See: -Silajit,
iron); M/23
Iron, spathic (See: -Spathic
iron); M/54
708
Javakhara, (Potash carbonate Lacerta vivipara, A/l71

impure); M/lOl
Lactic acid, A/179
Lactose, A/179; A/176
Lactus, A/l71
I
,I
Laksha taru, A/149
Kanjika (whey), M/I04; M;/49 Lal gandhak or Rati Hirakasi~
Kaolinum, M/7
M/119
Karkach (Sun-dried sea-salt); Lanolin, A/138
M/98
Lath, A/136
Karpoora silajit (See: -Silajit Lavana,
samudra
(See:Karpoor); M/24
Samudra lavana); M/98;
Kaud, A/149
M/I00
Kelp or Barilla (See:-Sajji- Leech, medicinal (See:___:Mekar or Carbonate of Soda or
dicinal leech); A/167
Swajikakshara);
M/l0l; Leech, speckled (See:-SpeckM/I02; M/78
led leech); A/2l7
Kilataka (Curd of buffalo's
See:-Sanguisuga medicinamilk); A/183
lis & Hirudo medicinalis);
Koumiss or Kumyss or Kumiss
A/167
or Fermented milk or Cere- Lepus ruficandatus or ruficauvesia lactis; M/152; A/170
datus
(See:-Oryctolagus:
Krishnabhra (Sheabhra);
cuniculus) A/19I; A/2l0
M/124
Lime, M/40; M/45
Kshuraka
(See: -Pure tin); Lime ko, M/44
M/1l6
Lizard, A/I71
Kumiss or Koumiss or Kumyss
or Fermented milk or Cerevesia lactis; M/152; A/170
Kumyss or Koumiss or Kumiss Mabuia carinata, A/19I; A/21 T
or Fermented milk or Cere- Macasus rhesus, A/19l
vesia lactis; M/152; A/170
Macrones Tangra (Tangra fish
or Catfish variety); A/215
Manduka abhra (Yellow talc);
M/123
Labea rohu or Labeo rohita, Manganesium iron, M/7
, A/215
Mastu, A/17()
Labeo rohita or Labea rohu, Medicinal leech (See:-HiruA/2I5
dinaria (Pogcilobdelia) graLac: Button; sheet; shell;
nulosa), A/167
stick; white, A/149; A1150; Mel (See:-A-pis melliiica)
M/123
'
A/144: A/19I ,- _Lacca (See:-Cateria ,lacca;
Mel
depuratum ,or Mel despuCoccus
lacca;
Tacnardia
matum"A/195
lacca); A/148; A/156; A/170;
Mel desptpnatum or Mel depuA/232
ratum, A/195
Lac dye, A/150
v
Lacerta agilis (See:-~gama 'Milk-sugar (See::_Saccharum
lactis); A/176; Aj217
agilis); A/138; A/I~ ':--
INDEX
Milk of Sulphur (See:-Gandhak-na-phul; sublimed sulphur), M/1l9; M/122

Misraka (Impure tin) or Misrakam, M/1l6; M/117/'
Monovalve shell; A/196
Moschus moschiferus, A/196
Motacilla
_maderaspatensis,
A/205
Mother of pearl, A/211
Mourola fish (Opio cephalus or
Serpent-head); A/215
Mug!il, planiceps, A/2l5
Mukta-Sukti, A/211
Mus Rattus, A/20S
Mutilla occidentalis, A/206
Mylabris chicorii, A/206
Mylabris pustulata, A/206
Mylabris trianthema, A/206
or
Mytilus
margaritiferus
Pin c tad a margaritifera,
A/208; A/213
709
ruficandutus) A/191; A/210

OS sepie (or Os sepiae) (cephalopoda) (Sepia officinalis)
A/15I; A/210; A/217
Ostrea edulis (or Ostrea gryphoides, or Ostrea virginiana) A/211
Ostrea gryphoides, (Ostrea
edulis; Ostrea virgin'iana)
A/211
Ostrea
vlrgllllana,
(See:Ostrea edulis or Ostrea gryphoides) A/211
Otolithus regalis : (weak-fish)
A/135
Ovis aries, A/212
Ovis vignei, A/212
Oxide of Zinc, (carbonate of
Oxide) M/I3l; M/132
Oxide, red, (see:-Red oxide)
M/130
Palaemoncurcinus, or Palaemon lar) A/2l2

Palaemon lar, (or Palaemon
curcinus) A/2l2
Pancha-Iavana, M/I02; M/198
Panga or Common Salt (see:Salt, common) M/lOl; M/109
Pansuja, (or Ushasuta) M/98;
M/IOl
Pansu salt (see:-Audbhida
salt) M/71
Papaclkhar (Pearl Ash) M/lOI
Paraffin, soft, (see:-Soft paraffin) A/138
Paramoecium caudatum, A/223
Pashanbhedi, Irrissp, (Himsagar) M/1l5
Passer domesticus, A/212
Pavo cristatus, A/213
Oleum Squalse, A/231
Peacock ore, M/ 49
Opio cephalus, (Mourola-fish Pearl Ash (Papadkhar), M/IOI
or Serpent head) A/215
Perchloride of tin, or Perm'\lOryctolagus cuniculus (forriate of tin) M/1l5
merly Lepus ruficaudatus or Perdix sylavatica, A/2l3
Naga abhra (Red talc); M/213

Naia lava or Naia vivea, A/222
Naia naia vel tripudians, A/222
Naia vivea or Naia lava, A/222
Naja bungarus, A/2l8
Naja naia vel tripudians, A/2l8
Naja tripudians, A/218
Nataor Gorai fish, A/215
Native cinnabar (See:-Cinnabar, native); M/68
Navanita, A/176
Navasagara or Ammonium
chloride (See:-Saline substances; Ammonii chloridum); M/ll; M/97; M/IOl
710
Permuriate of tin, or Perchloride of tin) M/1l5,

Peroxide of Iron, (see:-'-Iron
peroxide) M/3
,
Phalacrocorax niger, A/2I3
Phasianus (see:-Allus pankiva) A/2I3
'
Physeter macrocephalus, (see:Cetaceum) A/I54; A/213
Pinaka abhra (white talc)
M/123
Pinctada mal'garitifera, (or
M y.t il u s margaritiferus)
A/208; A/2I3
Pisces, (see:-Clupea ilisha)
A/213; A/155; A/2I5
Plumbi carbonas, M/85
Plumbi oxidum, M/86
Plumbi oxidum Rubrum, M/86
Plumbi sulphuratum, M/87
Plumbum, M/83
impure
Potash
carbonate
(Javakhara) ~/I01
Potassic carbonate M/8S
Potassii
carbonas
impura
(see:-Potassium carbonate)
M/8S
Prepared Gold (see:-Gold"

prepared) M/34
Psittacula Krameri, A/2I6
Punti fish (see:-Fish punti)
A/2I5
Pure flint, or Lilica, (see:_
Flint, pure, M/93
Pure tin (Kshuraka) (see:_
Tin, pure) M/1l6
Purified Silajit, (see:-Silajit
purified) (Shodhita) M/24 '
Pyrites,
Iron,
(see:-Iron
pyrites) M/54
Python reticulatus, A/2I6
Rana tigrina, (Frog) (see:Bufo melanosticus) A/217;

A/146
Rasakarpura (Chloride of mercury) M/IOO
Rati Hirakasi (or Lal-gandhak)
M/1l9
Rattle-snake, (Crotalin) A/228
Red oxide, (see:-oxide, red)
M/130
Potassii Nitras, (or Potassii Red Rock-salt, (s~:-Rock

Nitricum, or 'Potassium Nitsalt, red) M/9S
rate, Or Potassium Nitras,) Red silajit, (see:-Silajit, red)
M/90
M/23
Potassii Nitricium, (or Potassii Red sulphide of Mercury, (or
Nitras, or PotassiUm Nitrate,
Hingula, Sulphide of meror Potassium Nitras) M/90
cury, red) M/68; M/69; Ml72
Potassim carbonate, (see:- Red talc (see:-Naga-abhra)
Potassii carbon as impura)
M/123
M/S8
Reh, M/IOO
Potassium Nitras, (or Potassii Reptilia, A/217
Nitras, or Potassii Nitras, or Rhinoceros Unicornis, A/217
Potassii Nitricum), M/9I; RO<!k-salt, crystalline, M/98
M/90
.
Rock-salt,
red
(see:-Red
Potassium Nitrate (or PotasRock.,:saIt) M19Ssii Nitras or Potassium Rock salt white, red & crystalNitras, or Potassii Nitricum,
line, ,M/98
M/91; M9/0
Rohee or Rohu fish, A/215
Precipitated Sulphur (or Vit- Rohu orlRohee fish, AJ215
reous Sulphur or Yellow sul- Roll Sulphur (see:-white sulphur) M/)119
phur) M/ll9
0<1 / -
I
I,
INDEX
Romaka, (or Sakambari, Sambhamtina, or Godalavana,

or Vadagrumithu, Savaramith, Sambar luna or mitha)
M/lOO
Rudraksha, Ml128
Saccharum lactis, (Milk sugar)
A/2l7; A/176
Sacchobranchus fossilis, (singhi
fish) A/2l5
Saindhava, M/98
Sajikhara (carbonate of Soda)
Barilla; Swarjikakshara,
M/78j M/lOl; Mll02
Sajimati (crude soda) M/IOO
Sajjikar, see:-Barilla
Sajjikar-na-phul (or Washing
Soda or Soda crystals,
M/I01; 102
Sakambari,
(see::-Sambharuna; Godalavana; Vadagrumithu Savaramith; Sambarluna or Sambarmitha;
Romaka) M/98; MIIOO
Saline earths, MllOl
Saline substances Mill; M/97
(see:-Ammonii chloridum
or
Ammonium-chloride) ,
MllOl
Salt, common, (see:-panga;
common salt), M/lOl; M/l09
Salt, impure, (see:-Teliotankana) M/I04
Salt-petre or Shora or Audbhid-lavana, or Shorakhar,
M/98; MIIOI
~alt, sun-dried, sea, or Karkach, M/98
Sambarluna, (see:-Sambharnuna; Savaramith; Sakambari; Godalavana; Vadagrumithu;
Sambarmitha;
Romaka), M/98; M/lOO. .
Sambarmitha (see:-Sambarluna; Sambarnuna; Savaramith;
Sakambari;
Godalavana; Vadagrumithu; Sam-
nl
barmitha;
Romaka) M/98;.
M/lOO
Sambhar, M(98
Sambharnuna, (see:-Sakambari; IGodalavana; Vadagrumithu; Savaramith; Sambarluna; Sambarmitha; Romaka) M/98; M/IOO
Samudra lavana (see:-Lavana,
Samudra) M/98; M/lOO
Sang-e-Isama, or Silicate &
Sulphate of Lime, M/96
Sang-e-Sira-Mahi or Silicate
of Lffi?e) M/96; M/95
Sanguisuga
Medicianalis,
(Speckled Leech) (see:Hirudo Medicinalis) A/2l7;
A/167
Santanika, Al176
Sarjikakshara, M/102
Sarjikshara, MlI02
Sauvarchala, M/98; M/lOO
Savaramith, (see:-Sakambari;
Sambharnuna; Godalavana;
Vadagrumithu; Sambarluna;
Sambarmitha; Romaka)
M/98; MjlOO
Scilla serrata, A/2I7
Scioenidus Pama, whiting,
(see:-Boyal fish) A/2l4
. Scomberomorus commersonu,
A/215
Sea-salt, sun-dried or Karkach,
M/98
Sepia officanalis, (cuttle-fish)
(see:-Os sepiae & Cephalopoda) A/15I; A/2I0; A/217
Seriparium, Al218
Serpent-head fish, A/2l5
Serpent Poison, A/2l8
Sevum praeparatum, A/229
Sheabhra, (Krishnabhra)
Ml124
Sheet lac (see:-Lac: button,.
shell. stick), A/150
Shell lac (or Shellac) A/149
Shellac (or Shellac) A/149
Shetura, (Morus), All45
112
;Shilajit (Varieties)
(see:Silajit Varieties) M/23;
M/24
I
Shodhita
(Purified Silajit)
Ml24
!
,Shole fish, A/2l5
,Shora (or Salt-petre or Audbhid lavana or Shorakhar)
M/98; MllOl
Shorakhar or Saltpetre, Shora;
Audbhid Lavana, M/lOl;
Ml98
,Silajit, blue (see:-Blue silajit)
M/23
Silajit, copper, (see:-Copper
silajit) M/23
Silajit, gold (see:-Gold silajit) M/23
Silajit, gomuthra, (see:-Gomuthra silajit), M/24
Silajit, iron, (see:-Iron silajit
M/23
;Silajit, Karpoor, (see:-Karpoor, silajit) M/24
Silajit purified, (see:-Shodhita) M/24
Silajit, red, (see:-Red silajit
M/23
SHajit, White, M/23
Silica, (or Pure flint) M/93
Silicate, M/131
Silicate & Sulphate of Lime,
or Sang-e-Isama, M/96
Silicate of Alumina, (or Felspar or Clay or Aluminii silicas) M/6; M/94
S\licate of Alumina, Lime &
Oxide of Iron, M/94
Silicate of Alumina, Magnesia
& Oxide of Iron, M/94
Silicate of Alumina &' Oxide of
Iron, M/95
,
Silicate of Aluminium (see:Aluminium silicate or white
felspar) M/24; 'M/7
Silicate of Lime, (or ~g-e
Sira Mahi), M/95; M/96
. "~--
.'
Silicate of Magnesia, Ml96;

M/125; A/165
Silicate of Magnesia & Iron,
Ml97
Silicate of zinc, M/132
Silicilic acid, Mll25
Silicious concretions of bam b()o
(Vanasalavana) Ml96
Silico-Fluoride
of Sodium,
(see:-Sodii Silico fluori~
dum), M/97
Silicon, (or Silicum) M/93
Silicum or silicon, Ml93
Silver
silajit,
(see:-Silijit
silver) M/23
Singhi fish, (Sacchobranchus
fossilis) A/2l5
Soda, crude, (or Sajimati)
M/lOO
Soda crystals (or Sajjikharnaphul or washing soda) M/IOl
& 102
Sodii Biboras or S. Boras,
M/103; Afl65
Sodii Boras (or Sodii Biboras)
M/l03
Sodii Carbonas Impura or
Sodium cai'bonate, M/lOl
Sodii chloridum, M/I09
Sodii chloridum impura, etc.,
MilOS
Sodii cirras A/I77

Silicefluoride of Sodium, etc.,
etc., MilOS; M/97
Sodii 'Silicofluoridum, (see:Silico-Fluoride of Sodium)
M/97; M/IOS
Sodium chloride (see:-Chloride of Sodium) MlI09;
M/IOO
~
Sodium chloride ilnpura,
MIlOS
Sodium, Fiuosilicas, etc., MilOS
Sodium Fluosilicate, etc. M/.IOS
,Sodium Silicofluoride etc"
:{tII'
MilOS
INDEX
Sodium sulphate (or Sulphate

of soda, or crude carbonate)
M/IOO; M/I02
Soft paraffin (see:-Paraffin
soft) A/13S
'
Sohagoor or Tinkala M/103
Spathic iron, (see:~Iron spathic) M/54
'
Speckled Leech (see:-Sanguisuga medicinalis; Hirudo
med,icinalis) A/167; A/127
Spongla officinalis, or Spongilla) A/230
Spongilla (see:-Spongia officinalis) A/230
Squalus carcharus, Al231
Stannic sulphidum, M/1l5
Stannum, M/1l6
Stick lac, (see:-Lac, button;
sheet; shell; stick; white)
M/123; A/149; Al150
'
Straw-ash~ NU88
Sublimed sulphur, (or Milk of
sulphur or Gandhak-naphul) M/1l9; M/122
Sulphate of copper, (see:Copper sulphate) M/52'
M/53
'
Sulphate of Soda, (Sodium
sulphate, 'or Crude carbonate) M/I00; M/I02
Sulphide of Mercury M/73'
W66
"
Sulphide of Mercury, red (s~e:
-Red sulphide of Mercury
Or Hingula) M/68' M/69:
M/72
'
, ,
713
Sun-dried sea-salt, Or Karkach, M/98

S'varna Vanga, M/1l5
Swarjikakshara, (or Barilla, or
Kelp or Carbonate of Soda
Or Sajjikar) M/78; M/lOl:
Ml102
'
Tachardia lacca, (see also:Cateria lacca; Coccus lacca;

Lacca) A/148; Al232; A/170
Takra, A/176
Talc:-white,
red,
yellow,
black, M/123
Talcum purmcatum, (or Creta
Gallica Purmcata) M/123
Tangra fish (Macrones Tangra) A/215 ,
'rankankhar (Borax) M/101;
W104; M/178
Telio tankana, (see:-Impure
salt) M/104
Theobromine, Al183
Tin, impure (Misraka~ M/1l6M/117
.
'
Tin, pure (Kshuraka) M/1l6
Tinkala or Sohagoor, M/103
Toad, A/217
Toluene, derivatives of A/204
Trichogaster fasciatus, A/215
Trinitrobutyltoluol, A/204
Trisulphuret of Arsenic or Arsenii Trisulphidum, M/20
Turbinella rapa, or Xanchus
pyrum, (see:-Gastropoda;
Turbinella
rapa)
A/1M;
A/232; A/234
Sulphide, or Sulphuret (Blen- Turnix dussumieri,
(see: de) M/130
Turnix-m-tanki) A/232
Sulphur, M/119
Turnix-m-tanki, (or Turnix
dussumieri) A/232
Sulphuret or Sulphide (Blende) (see:-Sulphide or Sul- Tutha, M/53
puret Blende) M/130
.
Sulphur, Precipitated yellow Univalve
(see: -Gastropoda"
V 1'treous,; Roll; white;
SubTurbinella rapa; or Xanchu~
limed; Powdered
M/1l9'
pyrum) A/232; A/234;
M/122
'
,
A/164
46
714
THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA,
Unprepared copper, (see:- Weak-fish (see: -Otolithus re_

galis), A/135
Copper, unprepared) M/51
Whey (see:-Kanjika) M/49'
Ushasuta, (see:-Pansuja'
M/104
'
M/98; M/101
____
I
White beeswax, (see: -BeesVadagrumithu, (or Romaka or
wax, white) A/152
Sakambari or Sambharnuna White felspar (or Aluminiwn
or Godalavana or Savarasilicate,)
(see: -Felspar.
mith or Sambar luna or
etc.) M/7; M/124
mitha) M/98; M/100
White
talc
(see: -Pinaka.
Vajra abhra, (Black talc)
abhra) M/123
Whiting
(see:-Boyal fish;
M/123; M/124
Scioenidus Pama) A/214
Vansalavana (Silicious concretions of bamboo) M/96
White Rock-salt (see:-RockVaranus Bengalensis, A/233;
salt-white) M/98
A/217
White shilajit, (see: -Shilajit.
white) M/23
.
Varanus salvator, A/233;
A/217
White Sulphur (see: -Roll
Very impure carbonate of
sulphur) M/119; M/122
Soda, or Bangadakhara,
Xanchus pyrum, (see:-TurMl102
binella rapa, or Gastropoda
Vid or Vit lavana, or Vidam,
or Univalve) A/164; A/234;
M/98; M/99.
A/232
Vida, Vid, Vit, Vidam lavana,
M/98; il\II/99
Vidam or Vida or Vit lavana, Yavakshara, Ml102; M/72
M/98; M/99
Yellow bel'!swax, (or Cera
Viper aspis, A/229
lava, or Beeswax, yellow)
Vit or Vid lavana or Vidam,
A/151; A/152
M/98; M/99
Yellow talc (see: -Manduka
Vitreous sulphur, or yellow or
abhra) M/l23
precipitated Sulphur (see:- Yellow (or vitreous or preciSulphur, Precipitated etc.,)
pitated sulphur & other
M/119; M/122
varieties) Ml119; M/122
Viverra civetta; Viverra zibetha.; Viverra rasse, A/234
Viverra rasse, (see: -Viverr.a
(see: -Zinci
Zinc carbonas
, zibetha; Viverra civetta,
oxidum
ett:.,
etc.)
Ml131;
A/234
M/132
Viverra zibetha, (see: - ViverZinci oxidum or zinc oxide or
ra civetta; Viverra. rasse)
carbonate of ,zin_c, M/132;
A/234
MI)31
Vipers, Indian (see: -LIndian
Zinc oxide or zinci oxidum; or
vipers) A/218
Carbonate of zinc, M/132;
Washing Soda (or Sajjikl).arnalVI/131
phul or Soda crystls)v M/101; ,Zinc sulphas, M/l33
M/102
." .... r... Zincum; M/130
GENERAL INDEX CUM-CROSS-INDEX OF SYNONYMS

(IN ALL LANGUAGES, DIALECTS ETC.) IN THE
"INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA.
N. B.-l LETTERS "A" AND "M" preceding the Numbers
hereunder, indicate pages of the AnimaL and Mineral

Kingdoms r.espectiveLy. Plain. NUMBERS stand for
the Vegetable Kingdom!s pages.
N. B.-2 FOR SCIENTIFIC NAMES AND SYNONYMS OF
MINERAL AND ANIMAL substances refer to the
'SUBJECT-INDEX of the Mineral and Anima~
Kingdoms" preceding this Index.
Aadaiotti, 1251
Aainunnas, 99
Aal, 809; 810
Aalakus~ 958
Aanay, 160/A
Aaraar; 710
Aararoot, 770
Abai, 1286-See: -Pandhriabai.
Abao, 254
Abayee,254
Abba, 215
Abbal,710
Abbe, 1140
Abdahullu, 428
Aberamuradepa, A/230
Abhaya, 1205
Abhini, 902
Abhra, M/123
Abhul Haubera, 710
Abi, 1286-See:Tukhm-e-Abi.
Abika, A/212
Abin, 902
Abini, 902
Abkar, M/91
.
Abornblattriger Flugelsamen,
1027
Abortive Pepper-corns, 972See:-Pepper corns.
Abre-shama, A/145
Abruz, M/ll&
Abuk, M/67
Abyaza-See:-Varda-abyaza.
Acalypha-See :-Indian acalypha.
Acanthus-See: -Holy-leaved
acanthus.
Ach, 809
Acha, 452; 607
Achai,1119
Acharbondi, 1164
Achchegida, 526
Achi, 809
Achillea moschata, A/203
Achte Hirse, 898
Achtekokospalme, 363
Achte Narde, 840
Achter Cattapenbaum, 1205
Achter muscatnussbaum, 830
Achter orbanbum, 199
Achtes Zuckerrohr, 1083
Achuka, 809
Achuvagandi, 1292
Acide-See:-Ketmie acide
Acid lime, 341-See: -Lime
(varieties)
Acidulated sugar solutions,
A/227-See: Sugar solutions;
Aconite, 28-See: Indian aco-uite
716
THE INDIAN lVIATERIA MEDICA
Acyl chlorides, A/204-See:

Chlorides
Ada, 1309
Adagi,231
I
Adagu-See: -Pilli-adagu.
Adakumaniyan, 1162
Adamaram, 1205
Adambedi, 678
Adamkabu, 40
Ada: morinika, 225
Adampaka, 40
Adana-See: -Raja-adana
Adapukodi, 689-See: -Kodi
(varieties)
Adarsa,40
Adarushah, 40
Adasa, 734
Adaspudus, 935
Adava, 1082
Adavia-amudamu, 705-See:Amudamu, Amudumu.
Adavi-amudan, 166
Adavi-atthi, 550-See: -Atti
(varieties)
Adavi-atti, 550-See: -Atti
(varieties)
..
Adaviburuga, 362-See:Buruga
Adavi-ellakkay, 93-See:Ellakkay .
Adavi-genneru, 993-See:Genneru
Adavi-jilkara, 1268-See:Jilkara; Kara (varieties)
Adavi-kachhola, 418-See:.Kachhola
Adavi-kakara, 807-See:Kakara
Adavi-kanda, 1188-S,ee:Kanda (varieti.es)
Adavilavangpatte, 331-See:Lavangpatte
Adavi malli, 700-See: -Malli;
Pachche
adavi malle
.
Adavimamidi, 1166-Se~:-:
Mamidi (varieties) .0""" ~
~
"
Adavimandaramu, 183-See:Mandaramu
Adavinabhi, 579-See: -Nabhi
(varieties)
Adavi-nimma, 160-See:Nimma (varieties)
Adavipasupu, 414-See:Pasupu (varieties)
Adavi-patola, 1236-See:Patola
Adavi-potla, 1235-See:-Potla
(varieties)
Adavipratti, 629-See: -Pratti
Adavi-puchcha, 405-See:Puchcha (varieties)
Adavi-tellagada, 1257-See:Tellagadda
Adavi-tella-gadda, 1116-See:
-Tellagadda
Adban Buporio, 629~ee:Buporio
Adda, 184
Addasaram, 40
Adhabirani, 624
Adhaki, 231
Adharajhade, 21
Adhatodai, 40
Adhsarita-jari, 44-See:-Jari
(varieties)
Adi, 1309
Adike, 130
Adityabhakta, 351; 614
Aditya_;bhakti-chettu, 614
Adityalu, 736
Adosa, 40
Adoxa moschatellina, A/203
Adrak, 1309-See: -Amkibokiadrak
<1.
Adu, 1309
Adulsa, 40-See: -Black adulsa; White-adulsa _Adulso, 40-See:-Kala-adulso
Adumuttoda, 150
Aduppu-kari, M/46-See: Kari (varieties)
~duraspee, 40
Adusa, 40; 56
INDEX .
Adusogae, 40
Adu-tinna-palai, 138
Aedakularitichettu, 80
Aedu, 212
Aegarvalli, 807
Aelilappalai, 80
Aerilampal, 80
Afiengesict, 800
Affini, 902
Affiun, 902
Afim,902
Afiun, 902
Afiyum, 670; 902
Akur, 299
Afsantin, 144-See:-Vilayathi-Afsantin
Afsantin-el-bahr, 142
Aftimum, 420
Afu, 901
Aganaki. 820
Agar, 120
Agar-agar, 571; 591; A/135
Agari,21
Agaric-See: -White agaric
Agaric of the Oak, 51-See:Oak (varieties)
Agaru, 120; 467-See: -Krishnagaru
Agasa tamarai, 976-See:Tamarai (varieties)
Agase-gida, 283
Agasemara, 52
Agashi,743
Agasta,52
Agastoya, 52
Agastya, 52
Agathiyo, 52
. Agati-See: - Vilayati-agati
Agatti, 52-See:-Sheomaiagatti
Ageru-See:-Mora-ageru
Agetha, 1009
Aghada, 21-See: -Pandharaaghada
Aghata, 21
Aghedo-See: -Saed aghedo
Aghil, 311
717
Aginaligadi, 770
Aginbuti, 91
Aginghas, 104
Agiva, 108
Agla,17
Agni;-garba, 91
Agni-garva, 91
Agnijvala, 1295
Agnimantha, 353; 1009
Agnimatha, 990
Agnimukhi, 1119
i
Agnin, A/137
Agni-shikha, 389; 990
Agni-sikha, 278; 579
Agnivendra-paku, 91
Agniverdhana, 1028
Agrimony hemp-See:Hemp; Ambari hemp (varieties)
Agri-turki, 35
Agropyrum, 56
Agure, 655
Agliyabat, 1010
Agyaghas, 111
Agyptische Indigop flanze, 677
Ahaka-nurch, M/44
Ahaleeva. 736
Ahalla, 285: -See: - Walahalla
Ahana, M/54-See: -Zanf-eahana
Ahera. 736
Ahiganda, 139-See: -Ganda
( varieties)
Ahilaykhan, 820
"
Ahiphena, 902
Ahiphenam, 901
Ahlada, 543
Ahliv, 736
Ahmur,268
Ahomblattriger, Flugelsamen,
933
Ahrang, M/ 4~
Ahreo, 736
Ahu, M/42
Ahur, 216
Aiarka or Ajarka, 1153
718
Ain,1211
Ain-ed-dik (seeds), 5
Aini,1211
Airana, 353
i
Airanmula, 1009-See: -Mula
(varieties)
Aisar, 235
Aisinglasa, A/135
Aivanam, 730
Ajadandi, 468; 724
Ajagara, 469
Ajaji, 408
Ajaka, 861
Ajakarna, 1265
Ajakarua, 1265-See: -I(arua
(varieties)
Ajalikalika, 799-See: -Kalika
(varieties)
Ajamanupatree, 113
Ajamo,1028
Ajapada, 113
Ajapa Varuna, 387-See:Varuna
Aja-priya, 1317
Ajarka, or Aiarka, 1153
Ajashringi, 867-See: -Shringi
(varieties)
Ajavala, 863-See: - Vala
(varieties)
Ajava Seeds, 280
Ajawain, 1028
Ajawa Seeds, 1028
Ajeka, 863
Ajeru, 617
Aljhar, 723
Ajmada, 1028
AjmaIus, 670
Ajmoda, 119; 408
Ajmud, 280-See: ---'-Bam
ajmud
.
Ajowan, 280; 1028-See:Korasani-ajowan
'
Ajwaina Kurasam, 670-See:Khurasani-ajvayan
Ajwan, 1028-See: -Chowri...
ajwan; Ki:rmanji-ajwan/ Ak , 237-" 242- 1083-Se~~
~
Safed-ak
Akado, 237
Akakia, (extract), 9
Akalakara-See: -Mitha akalakara
Akalam, 736
Akalbarki, 255
Akalber, 433-See: -Bel'
Akalbir, 433-See: -Bir
Akalkar, 1164-See: -Kar
(varieties)
Akanadi, 334
Akanda, 237; 242-See:Kanda
Akara-See: -Kaliakara
Akarakara,
97-See: -Mitha
akarkara
Akarakaram, 97:-See:Karam
Akarakarava,97
Akar-kanta, 58-See: -Kanta
(varieties)
Akasamugri, 803
Akasa-thamarai, 976
Akasbel, 292; 420
Akasgaddah, 377-See:Gadda (varieties)
Akasavalli, 292
Akashaballi, 292
Akashagadda, 219-See:Gadda (varieties)
Akashakaruilan, 219
Akashavalli, 292
Akashgaruda-balli, 219
Akash garudand, 377
. Akas-pawan, 420
AkasweI, 420 rt
Akatti,52
Akda, 237
Akenda,37
.
Akhor moranu, 1171--Akhroot, 709
Akhrbt, 61_'::_See:-Nat-akrodti
Akhzar-See: -Zajul-akhzar
Akil-ul-malika, 1239
Akkalbir, 433-See': -Bit
(varieties)
INDEX
Akkalkara, 97-See:-Kara
(varieties)
Akki,877-See-Navaneakki
Akkira-karam, 97
Aknad,1168
Akola,58
Akoria, 1063
Akorkaro, 97
Akra, 237; 1164
Akrakantha, 614
Akri,1291
Akroda, 709
Akrot-See: -Bangle-akrot;
J angli-akrot; Ramakrot
Akrotta-Kottai-See: -Kottai
Akrottu, 709
Aksha, 1202
Akshota, 709
Aktula-mulka, 1239
Aku, 662-See: -Shima-Karpuram-:aku
Akujemudu, 526
Akujimudu, 524
Akulla-balasan, 171
Akurkura, 3ll-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Akyan.120
Al,809
Ala, 543; 1309-See:-Ramala;
Daddala; Davala; Udala; Vavala
Alabaster, M/46
Alabu,721'
Aladamara, 543
Alai, 433-See:-Udalai
Alale, 1206
Alam, 273; 543
Alamoola,114
Alanday, 267
Alangi, 58
Alangium-See:-Sage-leaved
alangium
Alaphajana Dharu, 730- .
See:-Dharu
Alari. 847-See: -Pachchaialari
Alarka, 242; 23!
719
Ala-sandi, 459
Alashi, 743
Alate-huvvu, 1206
Alavu, 72
Albumin, A/164-See: - _Lactalbumin
Alen, 1309
Alethi, 1319
Alexandrian Laurel, 236; 860See: -Laurel Victor's laurels
Alexandrian Senna, 283-See:
Senna (varieties)
Alfalfa, 774
Alfazema, 730
Algae-See: -Brown algae;
Redalgae
Algusi, 419
Aliar, 457
Alish, 743
Alita, 809
Alivirai, 736
Alkali-Potassium carbonas
impura, M/I09-See:-Potassium carbonas impura, alkali'
Alkushi, 818
AlIa-See :-China-alla
Allam, 1309-See:-Mamidiallam
Alli, 860-See:-Ratanalli;
Warialli
Allibija, 736
Allichettu, 78_7
Allikada, 859
Allipa, 521
Allipalli, 152
Allipuhl, 859
Allitarnarai, 859-See:-Tamarai (varieties)
Allupu, 110
AJrnas, Mil
Almirao, 728
Almond, lOll-See: - Indian
almond; Jangli-almond; Wild
almond
Almond tree-See: -Java: al-
72,0
l
I
mond tree
Aloe-See: -American aloe; .
Indian aloes; Socotririe aloes;
Small aloe
Aloe-wood, 120
Alombe,51
Aloo-See:-Belattialoo; !A_lu
(varieties)
Aloa-baloo, 302
Alooka, 72
Alpagoda-pazham, 1014
Alpagoda pudu, 1014
Alpayushi, 384
Alsande, 461
Alsandi, 1272
Alshi, 743
Alshi-virai, 743
Alshiviral ,743
Alsi, 743
Alu, 72; 94; 148; 449; 1015;
1154; 1264-See: - Belathialoo; Aloo, Choprialu; J anglialu; Kantaalu; Lal-guraniaalu; Man-alu; Mitha-alu;
Rakt-alu; Ranga-alu; Rat~
alu; Rukh-alu; Sankhalu;
Son-alu; Suru-alu
Alu-balu, 1014
Alu-beeyum, A/147
Alubhokhara, 1014
Alu-bokhara, 1015
Alucha, 1015
Aluk, A/167
Alum, M/2-See:- Alum
burnt; Alum-dried
Alum- burnt, (See: -Alum,
dried) M/6
Alum, dried, (See: -Alum
burnt) M/6
Alumina and Potash sulphateSee: -Sulphate of' Alumina
and Potash
Aluminium and ammonium
sulphate-See: Sulphate of
..
d Amm
AlumilllUm
an
omum
Aluminium silicate, MIJ7-See:
Silicate of aluminium~.
..<J--r"
I
Aluminium yellow earth, M/7

See:-Yellow earth alumi_
nium
Aluminous sulphate, M/2-See
Sulphate of alumina
Alu-sundi, 459; 1272
Alvi, 148; 736
Am, 764-See:-Jangli_am
Amaada, 412
(varieties)
Amahaldi, 412-See:-Haldi
Amakiregadday, 1291
Amala, 481
Amalai, 71
Amalakam, 480
Amalakamu, 481
Amalaki, 480
Amal-bel, 1283, 1285-See._
Bel
.
Amalguch, 1015
Amal-Iata, 1283; 1285
Amaltas, 285
Amalu, 1278
Amalwel, 420
.
Amanakkam-chedi, 1065
.
Amanakku, 1065-See :_ Chittamanakku; Kattamanakku
Amandi-maiam, 1205
Amara-See:-Kuliamara
Amaranalam~ 109
Amaratakada, 422
Amaravela, 419
Amarbeli, 292-See:-Beli
Amari, 681
Amb,764
Amba, 764-See:-Ranamba;
Ratamba; Vatamba
Ambada, 116~See:- Kodambadi
Ambadi, 628-See:-Lalambadi
Ambado; 1166 ~ .
Amba-halad, 412-See:Halad (varieties)
Amba-haladar, 412
A b h
I
m a- indi, 273
Ambaj, 765
INDEX
Ambal, 481; 844; 860-See:Vellambal

Ambala, 481; 1191
Ambalam, 1166
Ambalamu, 1166
Ambara, A/138
Ambar-baris, 191
Ambari, 628
Ambari hemp, 628--See:Hemp (varieties)
Ambarkand, 519-See:-Kand
Ambasal-See:-Ratambasal \
Ambashthai-patha, 333
Ambat, 478
Ambat-bit, 1283
Ambate, 1166
Ambate-hullu,425
Ambatimaddu, 1228
Ambatimadu,1229-See:Madu (varieties)
Ambavati, 1080
Ambe-haldi, 414-See:-Haldi
(varieties)
AmbeI,822-See:-Kokambel
Amber, A/138
Ambergris, A/138
Amber-sugandah, A/138-See:
Sugandh; Naga-sugandha
AmberveI, 356
Ambia, 1191
Ambli, 481
Ambo, 764; 765
Ambol, 628
Ambor-See:-Tuia ambor
Ambostha, 333
Ambretta-See:-Ketmia
ambretta
Ambsghola, 1238
Ambuboia, 313
Ambuja,741
Ambul, 481
Ambuli, 741
Ambuprasad, 1181
Ambuti, 890
Ambutvel, 1285
Amdesamotapana, 422
Amdhiaka, 1283
721
Ameda, 1166
Ameliu, 680
Amerah-See:-Chitrakamerah
Amerbel, 420
Amere, biffer-See~Luffe
amere
American aloe, 54-See:Aloe
American Barn-yard Millet,
896-See:-Barn-yard millet, Millet (varieties)
American isinglass, A/135See:-Isinglass (varieties)
American Johnson grass, 106See:--Johnson grass
American wormseed, 305See:-Wormseed
Amesa, 116
Amgul, 472
AmiaI, 481
Amidamu, 1065
Amikkira-gadday, 1292
Amil, 419
Amkiboki-adrak, 412-See:Adrak
.
Akrot-See :-Jangli-akrot
Amkulang-kalang, 1292-See~
Kalang (varieties)
AmIa, 481; 946-See:-PhalamIa; Bhuiamla; Jaramla
Amlabaum, 480
Amlaj, 481
Amlaki, 481-See:-Bhumyaamlaki
AmIakuchi, 371
Amlalonika, 890-See:-Lonika (varieties)
Amlanch, 1064
Amiaparini, 1285
Amla-vedasa, 1079
Amiavetasa, 1056-See:Vetasa
Amla-vraksha, 1191
Amli, 1191-See:-Gorakh
amli', Suvali-amli', Vilati'amli
Amlica, 1191
722
Amlil~a,
481; 8oo; 1191-See:Brahmamlika

Amlina chichora, 1191-SbeChichora
Amluka, 1283
Amluki,481
.Ammam pachcharisi, 524_:See:
Amum-Patchaiaressi; Pachcharisi.
Ammoniac, 542-See:-Salammoniac
Amper-See:-Mushk-amper
Ammughilam, 9
Amputtai, 1166
Amra, 764; 1166
Amradvalli, 356
Amragandhaka, 741-See:Gandhaka
Amraphalam, 480
Amratafalam, 1017
Amrataka, 1166
Amratam-See:-Chittamratam; Pouyamratam
Amratavalli, 356
Amrita, 356; 1220
Amritaphala, 1038--See:Mitha amritphal
Amritha 1205
Amritvel, 356
Amroda, 371
Amrud, 1017
Amrul, 890
Amrula, 1080
Amrule, 1080
Amrulsak, 890-See:-Sak
(varieties)
Amrut, 1017
Amrufa-phalam, 1017
Amsania, 486
Amse!, 566
Amsul, 566
Amti, 478
Amudam, 1065
Amudamu-See:-Amudumu
Amudanda, 191
Amudumu-See:-Adaviaamudamu; Amudainur~la-
amudumu
Amuk, 1017
Amukiram, 1291
Amukkira-kilzhangu, 1292
Amukkura, 1291
Amukran-kizhangu, 1292
Amuleh. 481
Amulthus, 285
Amum-Patchaiaressi 526-See:
Ammampachcharisi; PatchI
charessi
Amusa, 1028
Amutti-See:-Chittamutti;
Chitimutti; Sirramutti; Puramutti; Mutti (varieties)
Amva,764
Anab-See:-Chiti-anab.
Anab-es-salab, 1148--See:Salab
Anabusathaliba, 1152
Anacardier, 1119
Anachoriyan, 578
Ana-chundai, 1149
Anagnika, 587
Anai-See :-Spail-anai
Anaichovadi, 474
Anai-kattaIE~yi, 54
Anaipuliyamaram, 38
Anaitippali, 117-See:-Tippali
(varieties)
Anakyitha, 54
Anan, 534
Ananas, 99
Ananasa hannu, 99
Ananash, 75; 99
Ananta, 568
Anantamul, 619
Anapa-kai, 72:!,_See:-Kai
(varieties) Kayee or Kayi
(-do-)
Anar, 1021
Anara, 1032
Anaras, 99
Anarash__:::'See:-Jangli- anarash
'Anar-Dakum, 1032
Anar-ke-per, 1031
l
I
I
!I
INDEX
Anaryatikta, 573-See:-Tikta
(varieties)
Anasa-pandu, 99
Anasapurvem, 675
Anashapazham, 99
Anashavadi, 474
Anashuppu, 675-See:-Uppu
(varieties)
Anasphal, 675
Anasu,99
Anasuppan, 675
Anbalah, 1191-See:-Bala
Anbli, 1191
Anboti-kura, 890-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Anb-us-salap, 1152-See:Salap (varieties)
Anchi Manchi, 476-See:Man chi
Anda, A/162
Andi, 202
Andi-mallery, 997-See:-MaIlery
Andimalligai, 803-See:- Malligai (varieties)
Andimandarai,803-See:Mandarai
Audumbar, M/128
Aneesay, 52
Anegundumani, 39-See:Gundumani
Anekatalai, 54-See:- Katalai
Anekatali, 54-See:-Katali
Anemin, 1211-See:-Min.
Aneneggilu, 926-See:-Neggilu (varieties)
Anethum-See:-Rock anethum
Angabina-See:-Shadadangabina
Angan, 560
Anganapriya, 1104
Angharee-hind, 631
Angira, 158
Angular-leaved physic nut, 705
-See:-Physicnut.
Angur, 1285-See:-Anjur;
723
Chhota Jangli anjur;

Angurshepa-See:-Sag-angur
Anguru, M/46
Angustha-gandha, 537-See:Gandha (varieties)
Anguza, 537
Anhydrous wool fat A/137See:-Wool-fat (varieties)
Anicarra, 868
Anilagh-naka, 1202
Anilaykayi, 1206-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Anipeepul, 552-See:- Peepul
Anis, 955
Anisacre, 408
Anis Biberrell, 955
Anise, 955-See:-Star anise
Aniseed, 955
Anisun, 955
Anjalli, 145
Anjan, 298; 929; M/13-See:Kuhlanjan; Khulanjan; Kulanjan; Utanjan
Anjana, M/13; M/87; 787See:-Sauviranjana; Tuthanjana; Sobhanjana
Anjanamai, M/13
Anjani,787
Anjir, 545-See:-Ramanjir;
Bedanjir
Anjira, 157: 545; 1019
Anjiri, 551
Anjra, 545
Anjubar, 999
Anjur, 545-See:-Angur;
Chhota Jangli anjur, Janglianjur
Anjura,545
Anjuri, 545
Ankadoo, 1167
Ankados, 733
Ankari, 1272
Ankid-Kodisha, 1296
Ankoelaemara, 58
Ankola, 58
Ankolam,58
Ankolamu, 58
724
Ankoli,58
Ankolum,58
Ankota,58
Ankra, 1272
Ankudu, 1296
Ankudu-kurra, 1254
Annabedi, M/64-See:-Bedi
Annanas,99
Annasi,99
Annatto, 199
Annegalugida, 926
Anoda-gaha, 8
Anona, 8
Ansh-phal, 846
Antamool, 150-See:-Antamul
Antamul, 1252-See:-Antamool
Antara-tamara, 976-See:~
Tamara (varieties)
Antelope-See:-Indian antelope
Anthamul, 1252
Anthimalari, 803
Anthrapachaka, 1252
Anthundi-kai, 265; 267-See:-Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Antila, 443
Antilope dorcas, A/202
Antimony-See:-Black antimony; Tersulphide> of antimony
Antimony sulphide-See:Sulphide of antimony
Antimony tersulphide-See:-Tersulphide of antimony
Antisha, 21
Anuk, M/83
Anupa m:ansa, A/139
Anusa,116
Anus moschata, A/202
Anvurah, 481
'
Anwal-See:-Hila anw,al
Anwlasar, M/119
Aonla, 481
Aoula, 481
'Apag, M/44
Apamarga, 21
Apamargamu, 21
Apang,21
Aparajita, 354-See:-Nilaaparajita
Aphalatana, 167
Aphim, 902
Apis dorsata, A/144
Apis florea, A/144
Apis indica, A/144
Apkaro-See:-Kalo-apkaro
Apoedika, 177
Apoorani, 505
Appa Grass, 55
Appakovay, 1064
Appatta, 334
Appazham---'-See:-Mindiri appazham
Ap.pel, 1010
Apphou, 902
Apple-See:-Bitter apple;
Bullock's-heart apple; Crabapple; Custard apple; Devil's
apple; Elephant-apple; Indian bitter-apple; Pineapple;
Rose-apple; Thorn-apple;
True-custard apple of America; Wood-apple
Appracam, M/123
Apricot, 1013
Apta,l83
Apung, 652
Aquarqarha, 97
Aquatic animals:-See:-Footed aquatic animals
Arabian or French Lavender
730-See:-Lavendel" (vari~ties) .
Arabian J asIIfine 704
Arabian lavender, 730--See:-French lavender.
.
Arabi-erand, 3960--:-See:Er;md.
Arabischer Jasmin, 704-See:
Jasmil.1.
Arabischer Kaffebaum, 365
~ Arad, 940
Aradal,563
r
INDEX
Aradi,800
Aragbhada, 285
Aragu, A/148
Arag-vadhamu, 285
Arak Jhawar, ~259
Arak-kudrami, 632
Araku, A/148
Arakvadam, 285
Aral, 354
Arali, 847-See:-Katarali
Aralie-See:-Kataralle
Aralu, 876; 1206-See:-Madala aralu
Aranamarmam, 294
Arand, 1065
Aranda, 1065
Arandkharbuza, 273-See
Kharbhuza
Arand-kharpuza, 273
Arangaka, 785
Arani, 353; 1009
Aranmaran, 717
Arantandigbhukas, 474
Aranyajeeraka, 854-See:Jeeraka; Atavi-jeeraka
Aranyamudga, 938--See:-Mudga (varieties)
Aranyamudgu, 940-See:Mudgu (varieties)
Ararut,770
Arasan, 552
Arasha-maram, 552
Arasina, 415-See:-Kadarasina Marada-arasina; Doddamarad-arsina
Arasina, ummatta, 133-See:Ummatta
Aratal, M/21
Aravindam, 844
Arbimalletigo, 468
Arbimallika, 468--See:...._Mallika (varieties)
. Arpre-a-soie, 237
I
Arbre aveuglant, 532
Arbre immorteI, 508
Archaka, 1160.
Ardala, M/21
725
Ardanda, 267
Ardawal, 1060
Ardhaprasadana, 1270
Ardhi-sopari, 281-See:- Sopari
Ardhrakam, 1309
Ardraka-See:-Vana-ardraka.
Areca-See:-Betel-nut palm
Areka, 183
Arekanuse, 130.
Arekgol, 545
Areyal, 552
Arfu, 17
Argati, 52
Argentum, M/13
Argha, (Honey) A/193
Arhar, 231
Arhardal, 231
Ari, 877-See:- Bassari; Dhotari; Umari; Kariari; Panilari; Vallari; Vanari
Aridala, M/21
Ari-ikan, A/135
Arimaedah, '14
.
Ari-matsya, A/144; A/214See:-Matsya
Arippu, 725
Arishina-See:-Kasturi-arishina
Arishippal-See:- Neri-arishippal
Arishta, 776; 110.2
Arisi-See :-Moongilarisi;
Barlhiarisi
.
Arista, 1297
Ariti, 822
Arittamanjarie, 17-See-Manjarie
Arjun, 1198
Arjuna, 723; 1198--See:-Raktarjuna
Arjuna Myrobalan, 1198-See:
Myrobalan (varieties)
Arjuna-sadra, 1198--see:Sadra
Arkahuli, 351; 599-See:Hull (varieties)
726
Arkakanta, 351-See:- Kanta

(varieties)
!
Arka-kshir M/130-See:Kshir (varieties)
Arkamu, 137
I
Arkamula, 139-See:-Mu~a
(varieties)
Arakapushpi, 351-See:Pushpi (varieties)
Arkapushpika, 599-See:Pushpika (varieties)
Arkavallabha; 932
Arlu, 876-See:-Rala-arlu
Arlus arius, A/214
Armach, A/144; A/214
Armani-See:-Tene armani
Armeniac Bole-See:-Bole
armeniac, etc.
Armenian Bole M/94; See:Bole
Armina, Mill
Arni, 354; 1009-See:-Chhotiarni, Utarni; Vagharni
Arnotta plant, 199
Aroamt, 988
Arook, 1014
Arotaro, 923
Arr, 16
Arridaram, M/21
Arrowroot-See:-East Indian
Arrowroot; Indian arrowroot
Arruz, 877
Arrow-wood-See:-Indian
arrow-wood
Arsaghna, 94
Arsenatega, 118
Arsenic-See:-Flowers of arsenic; Arsenic flowers; Sulphur rouged arsenic; White
arsenic; Yellow Sulphuret of
arsenic
'
Arsenic disulphide, M/19See:-Disulphide arsenic
Arsenic oxide-See:-qxide of
arsenic and white oxide_of
Arsenic
.4-." . -
Arsenic flowers-See:Flowers of arsenic

Arsenic trisulphide-See:Yellow arsenic trisulphide
Arsenious Acid M/15
Arsen-sulphur M/l9-See:Sulphur (varieties)
Arsha unmatta, 133-See:Unmatta (varieties)
Arshi, 877
Arta-niyal-hindi, 662-See:Hindi (varieties)
Artichaut, 614
Artichoke-See:-Globe artichoke; Jerusalem artichoke
Artificial bezoar, A/145-See:
Bezoar
Artimavu, 413-See:-Mavu
(varieties)
ArlI, 1036-See:-Koko-aru
Arugu, 425
Arukamlaka, 412
.
Arunelli, 163; 946; 947-See:Nelli (varieties)
Aruni, 949
Arupatai, 1016
Arusak,40
Arusaka-pas-i-parad, 1291
Arusha,40
Arushkara, ll19-See:-Kara
( varieties)
Aruta, 1081
Aruvam-pil1u, 425
Arvada, 1081
Arvi, 372
Aryaval, 351
Arzgent M/13
Asaba-el-fatiy~t, 233
Asafoetida-See:-Ferule asafoetida
Asag;;lndna, 129Z-8ee:-Gandha (varieties)
.
Asal, 225,.....::...See:-Ranjanasal
Asalia, 736
Asaliya, 736
-Asamadam. 280
Asan, 219; 1211
r
INDEX
Asana, 1211; 1292

Asanamallika, 468-See:Mallika (varieties)
Asar-rai, 999-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Asarum, 1260
Asarun, 1260
Asatulnahl A/191
Mb2Jrg, 444
Asek,1191
Aseru, 447
Asfara-See :-Zahe-asfara
Asgandh, 1291; 1292
Ash-See:-Soda-ash; Bitterash; Straw-ash; Pearlash;
Conch-shellash
Ashadi-tal, 1126-See:-Tal
(varieties)
Ashbutchegan, A/147
Ash-coloured Fleabane, 1270See:-Fleaban; Canada fleabane; Purple fleabane
Asheta, 1156
Ashoka, 1104
Ashopalava, 1104
Ashphota, 354
Ash-shoura, 581
Ashva, A/160
Ashvagandha, 1292-See:Gandha (varieties)
Ashvakatri, 46~See:-Katri
Ashvamaraka, 847
Ashvathamara, 552
Ashwath, 552
Asiatischer Wassernabel, 662
Asita-Kutanja, 1296
Askhota,61
Asla-soos, 582
Asli, 747-See:-Khurasli
Aslussiesa, 582
Asmanigalgota, 729-8.ee:Galgota
Asmantaka, 371
Asmarighna, 387
Asna, 1211
Asogam, 1105
Asogu, 997
72T
Asok, 1104
Asoka, 1104; 1105
Asokadamara, 1105-See:Damara (varieties)
Asokamu, 997
Asoka Tree, 1104
Asoke, 997
Asparagus, 153-See:-Common asparagus
Asphalt, M/23
Asphari-i-bari, 1234-See:-Bari (varieties)
Asphota, 468
Asprak, 1213
Aspurk, 786, 1239
Asrelei, 1193
Ass, A/160-See:-Nehass
Assam java, 1191-See:-Javac_
Assam musk, A/197-SeeMusk (varieties)
Assamodagam, 1028
Assam Rubber-tree, 548-See:
Rubber-tree.
Assothi, 997
Ass's milk, A/175-See:- Milk
(varieties)
Assuli dates, 944-See:-Dates.
(varieties)
Aster argophyllus, A/203
Asthisanhari, 1284
Asthma-weed-See:-Australian asthma-weed
Astibhaksha, 716
Astmabayda, 49
Astrang, 764
Asud, 552
Asula, 481
Asundha, 1292
Asundro, 183
Asupala, 1104
Asur, 215; 1140
Asvagandha, 1291-See:Gandha (varieties)
Asvagandhi, 1292-See:Gandhi (varieties)
Asvakarna, 1132
728
THE INDIAN MATERIA M'EDICA
Aswagandha, 1292-See:Gandha (varieties)

Aswanantaka" 183
Aswarthan, 552
Aswatha, 552
Aswatham, 552
Aswathom, 543
Ata, 116
Ataicha,25
Atalari, 999
Ataloetakam, 40
Atarusha, 56
Atasi, 743
Atavasa,25
Atavi-Jambira, 160-See:Jambira
Atavi-Jeeraka, 1267-See:J eeraka (varieties)
Atees-See:-Indian atees
Ateicha, 25
Atgo-kudo, 849-See:-Kudo;
Kalo-kudo; Tamdo-kudo
Athaleeva, 736
Athanga, 753
Athi,52
Athiballachedi, 1138
Athimathuram, 582
Athimathurappal, 582
Athivisha, 25-See:-Visha
(varieties)
Athlac, 1277
Atibala, 8; 1137-See:-Bala
(varieties)
Atigupta, 1255
Atikhirate, 8
Atikoevam, 58
Ati-maduram, 582
Atineranchi, 926
Atipakshi, A/136
Atipari-chcham, 296
Atirasa, 25
Atis, 25
Atisingeeabish, 27
Ativadayam, 25
Ativassa, 27
Ativasu,25
Ativisha, 25-See:-Visha
(varieties)
Ativudayam-See:-Nattuativudayam
Atkumah,21
Atlaria, 1000
Atmagupta, 818
Atmora, 615
Atrilal, 127; 933
Atruna, 555
Atrupalai, 1091-See:-Palai
(varieties)
AtrUi-sha-vukku, 1194--See:Shavakku (varieties)
Atta, 116-See:-Ramatta,
Sanatta
Attah, A/167
Attajan, 870-See:-Jan
(varieties)
Attalu, A/167
Attana,434
Attatamamidi, 2o;~-See:
Mamidi (varieties)
Attei, A/167
Atti. 548-See:-Adavi-atti;
Adavi-atthi; Kadatti; Kattatti; Kattuatthi; Pe-atthi"; Shimeatti; Teneatti; Uttatti;
Vesi-tummatti; Ottatti; Peyttumatti
Attier, 116
Attimanu, 548
Attirillpala, 578
Attitippili, 1117-See:-Tippili
Attora, 283
Attunjarei, 787
Atukula-baddu, 1285
Atu-tinlap, 138 ~
Atutintappala,138
Atwin, 616
Aubergine,-1151
Audalaka, A/19 3
AudIa, 1065
Audumbara, 548
Aulqam, 335
Aura, 481
Aurakula kappura, 418
r
INDEX
Ausaba lunnara, 619

Ausareha mahaka, 582
Aushbah-See:-Jungli-aush-
bah
Aushbahe-hindi, 619-See:Hindi (varieties)

,
Austakhadus, 219
Australian Asthmaweed, 526See:-Asthma-weed
Australian Fever Tree, 512See:-Fever-tree
Ava-chiretta, 532-See:-Chiretta (varieties)
A vagudehannu, 1238
Avala-See:-Bhuiavala; Kanta-avala; Katt-avala
Avalguja, 1267
A vali-See :-Bhuyavali; Bhuiavali
Avalkati, 481
Avalu, 213; 215; 216-See:Kukha-avalu
Avara,284
Avarai, 284; 461
Avaray, 461-See:-Tingalavaray
Avare-See:-Shembiavare
Avari, 681
A varike chakusina-gida, 284See:-Chakusina gida
A vatarini, 615
0
A vatengatige, 451
A veeram, 284
A velpori-See :-Chivan-avelpori
Avibattam,925
Avigadde, 148
Avilpori, 872
Avipriya, 1008
Avirae, 284
Aviri, 681
Avisi, 52-See:-Sheemaavisi
Avla. 481
A vrak, M/123
Avvaguda, 1238
Awal,284
Awa] a, 284
1
~
47
729
Aya, 651
Ayamodakam,1028-See:Katu-ayamodakam.
Ayapana,521-See:-Pana
(varieties)
Ayapanum, 521
Ayappanii, 521
Ayrunkukri, 1065
Ayudham, 291
Ayurmader, A/191
Azadirae-d-Inde, 776
Azedarak commun, 784
Azhavanai-virai-See:Shimai azha-vanai-virai
Azomut, 988
Azuri, 828
Baagat, 543
Baarili, 653
Babassa, 299; 662
Babchi, 1019
Babchi Seeds, 1019
Babestul, 864
Babhula, 9-See:-Guibabhul
BabIa,9
Babli-See:-KaIa-babIi
Babniya; 1
Babola,9
Baboor Kohani, 1013
Babrang, 478
Babri, 469; 942
Babrung, 478
Babui,861
Babui-tulsi, 862-See:-Tulsi
(varieties)
,
Babul, 9-See:-Gandbabul;
Safed babul; Vilayati-babul
Babuli,556
Babul tree, 9
Babuna, 117; 386; 772
Babunah, 117
Babunaj, 117
Babunike-phul, 117
Babunj, 117
.
Babunphul, 772
730
Badanekayi, 1151-See:Baburi,861
Baccae Galbuli J uniperi,
Chapperbadnekai; Kai or
Bach, 35-See:-Gora-bach;
'Kayi (varieties)
Mahabari-bach
Badangan, 1151
I
Bacha-See:-Sugandha ~acha Badanier de Malabar, 1205
Bachali, 177-See Baree bach- Badanike, 1263
chali; Pulla-bachchali
Badar,3
Bachchele-See:-Bachhala
Badari, 1316
Bachchali-See:-Pulla bach- Badavard, 533
chali
Badavarda, 1234
Bachhale-See:-Dumpa-bach- Badaward, 1290
hale; Halibachchele; Mattur- Badchipa-chettu, 508
bachhale
Baddinivalli, 529-See:Bachang, 402-See:-NagpuriNivali
bachang
Badhara. 585
Bach-chalimanda, 303
Badi Ajmud, 119-See:Bachla-See:-Yek-kisum-kaAjmud
bachla
Badian, 675;955
Bachlu-See:-Lalbachlu
Badian-e-hohe, 1008
Bachnab,28
Badiani Khatai, 675-See:Bachnack-See:-Natka bachKhatai (varieties)
nack
Badimayi, 1194
Bachnag, 28-See:-Haladiya Badinjan-i-barri, 1150-See:bachnaga
Barri
Bacho,1077
Badipipli, 1117-See:-Pipli
Bada, 1089
Badi saunf, 557-See:-Satinf;
Badabadam, 237
Bari-Saunf
Badakanvar, 389
Badisc, 508
Badisepu, 557-See:-BadiSopu
Badala, A/230
Badalun, A/230
Badishep, 557
Badam, 96; 1011-See:-Bang- Badi-sopu, <957-See:-Badila-badam; Bilatipadam; Chisepu
nee-badam; Deshi-badam or Badradaru, 295-See:-Daru
Desi-badam; Gurapu-badam;
(varieties)
Hatbadam; H i j 1 i-badam; Badsah salap, 65-See:-Salap
J angli-badam; Rinbadam
(varieties)
Badama, 1011-See:-Gurapu- Badzahra, M/97
Bael, 45 .,
badam
Badamee, 253
Baela, 45
Badami. 1205
Baelada-phaTa,. 535
Bael fruit, 45 - .Badamier Chebule, 1205
Baelo giringa, 1027
Badami-mara, 1205
Bael Sripal, 45-See:-Sripal
Badami-Pharangi, 96
Badamu. 1011-See:-Natuba Baer, 1316
damu.
~
. Baerki, 111
Badamvittulu, 1011;;.......See:- Baga..:dhupa, 57-See:-Dhupa
Vittulu (varieti<~~)
(varieties)
no
r
INDEX
Bagali-pakshina, A/136
Baga-mushada, 1220
Baganella, 1226
Bagarbhang, 670-See:-Bhang
Bag-banosa, 1274-See:Banosa
Bag-berenda, 705-See:Berenda
Bag-bherenda, 705-See:Bherenda
Bagful, 52
Baghachura, 972
Bagha..1'J.kura, 58-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Baghnoki, 771
Baglatul-mulk, 561
Bagnak.~a, 771
Bagua, 1153
Baguli, 247
Bahadrha, 1203
Bahamana-See:-Lal-bahamana
Bahava, 285
Baheda, 1203
Bahel-sohulli, 667.
Bahera, 1202; 1203
Baherl, 1203
Bahira, 1202
Bahleeka, 537
Bahman-See:-Safed bah man
Bahubar, 379
Bahubara, 380
Bahudda, 1203
Bahuk-See:-Lal-bahuk
Bahupada, 543-See:-Pada
(varieties)
Bahupatra, 947
Bahuphul, 739
Bahuvara, 379-See:-Vara
(varieties)
Baibarang, 835
731
Baigun, bilatee, 756:-See:-Bilatee baigun

Baijahundana, 167
Baikunti, 1064
Bail, A/146-See:-Nagbail
Bail-ka-pit, A/161
Bail-ka-sofra, A/161
Bailwangi, 756
Bainch, 555
Baincho, 555 (Baincho)
Bairi, 281
. Baishi, 1091
Baiza, A/162
Baja, 220
Bajar, M/l
Bajauri-nimbu, 348-See:Nimbu (varieties)
Baje, 35
Bajguriya, 220
Bajhri, 930
Bajir Lauha, M/55-See:Lauha
Bajra, 930
Bajri (Varieties) 930
Bak, 52-See:-Konch Bak
Bakada, 353
Bakah-tita, 943-See:-Tita
(varieties)
Bakam, 230
Bakana, A/146
Bakar, 1010-See:-Habul
Bakar
Bakaruchakka, 230
Bakash, 40
Bakayan, 784
Bakchi, 1267
Baker, 1010
Bakhur-i-Miryam, 423
Bakkan, 746
Bakkom, 230
Bakla, 117; 533; 942; 1272
Bakorcha, 1010
Baibirang, 478-See:-Bi:anga Bakphul,52
Baies de Genievre, 710
Bakra, 473-See:-BhavanBaigan, 1151
bakra
Baigun, 1151:-See:-GootBakra-Chimyaka, 994
baigun
Bakra Jawasi, 473
732
THE INDIAN l'vIATERIA MEDICA
Bakshi, 1244
Bakuchi, 420
Bakul,801
Bakula, 800
I
Bal, 475; 925; 1134; 1137-See:
-Kantalo-bal; Rambal; Tejbal
Bala-See:-Atibala; Mahabala; Nagabala; Anbalah; Manbala; Sugandha-bala; Tejbala;
Bhumibala; Gulangbala; Karambala
Balabandatige, 689
Balacharea, 840
Bala-chhara-See:-Suganda
bala-chhara
Baladahullu-See:-Zende
baladahullu
Bala-ekhanda, 694-See:Ekhanda
Bala-lllrade, 1205-See:Hirade
Bala Hrivera, 1259
Balakadu, 618-See:-Kadu
(varieties)
Balakapriya, 1317
Balaloddugina-mara, 1186
Balangu-See:-Tukhm-ibalangu
Balank. 348
Balanki-khurd, 864
Balantshep, 935
Bala Phanijivika, 1134-See:Phanijivika
Bala-rakkasi-gida, 925-See:Hakkasigida
Balasu, 988
Balat, 961
Bala-tagra, 1260-See:-Tagra
Balbij, (seeds), 8
'
Balchir, 840
Baleela, 1203
Bale-hannu, 822
.;
Balela, 1203
Bal-har. 1205-See:-Har
(varieties)
_,,:_"'_-
,.
Bali-See:-Sugandhibali; Gel_
laybali Bichirbali
Balika, 1170
Balintrapolum, 170
Balirang, M/119-See:-Rang
(varieties)
Balkadu, 953-See:-Kadu
(varieties)
Ballaki, A/143
Ballarikekai, 666-See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Ballidurubi, 611
Balloon vine, 271-See:-Vine
(varieties)
Balmenasu, 4()():-See:Menasu (varieties)
Balm of Giliad, 171-See:Giliad Balm
Balm of Mecca, 171-See:Mecca Balm
Balnimb. 776-See:-Nimb
(varieties)
Bal-phal, 379 0
Balphul, 704
Balra, 1203 .
Balraksha, 586
Balsan-See:-Rogan-i-balsan
Balsunt, 673-See:-Sunt
Baltanga, 986
Baluka, 578
Baluka-sag, 578-See:-Sag
(varieties)
Balusu, 264
Bama, 633
Bamanhati, 354
Bamanpati, 1009
Bamba, 624
Bambaj, 1276 ,1
Bamboo, 172-See:-Silicious
concretions of- bamboo
Bamboo Briar Robt, 1143
Bamboo M~shroom, 100l-See:
-Mushroom (varieties)
Bambou-commun, 172
Bamiyah, '1
Bamsulu, 1038
Bamtsunt, 1038
INDEX
Bamunhati, 354
Ban, 1041; A/216-See:-Habul-ban
Ban-ada, 1308
Banafsha, 1274; 1275-See:Bikh-e-banafshah
Banafshah, 1274-See :-Gulibanafshah
Banahalak, 876
Banamethika, 786-See:-Methica; Vanamethica
Banana, 822
Bananier, 822
Banaphsa, 1274
Banapu, 1211
Banar, 282; A/191 I
Banarsi-rae, 216-See:-Rae
Banbal-nag, 22-See:-Nag .
Ban-chalta, 732-See :-Chalta
Banda, 608; 1276; 1277-See:-Kukurbanda
Bandadamara, 453
Bandak, 999
Banda-kattala, 54
Bandara-See:-Mota-bandara
Bandari, 457
Bandarooku, 452
Bandaru, 457
Bandeegurjan, 433-See:Gurj'an
Bander-See:-Zawad-bander
Bandhujiva, 932
Bandhuka, 932
Bandhuli, 932
Bandigarjana, 433-See:-Gal'jana
Bandi gurvina, 39-See:-Gurvina
Bandimurududu, 247-See:Murududu
Bandinika-See:-SllndaraBandinika
Bandolier Fruit, 1301
Bandoq-ke-jhad, 595
Bandra, 1131
Bandri, 1131
Bandrike, 457
733
Banduja, 932
Bandukai, 486-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Bandula, 951
Banduray, 932
Bandurgi, 457
Ban fish, A/214-See:-Fish
(varieties); Indian Eel; Eel
Bane--See:-Wolf's bane; Bugbane
Banga, M/l16-See:-Bujrbanga; Pattra-banga
Banga-chappa, 201
Bangadivalli, 689
Ban-gal, 454
Bangariki-lakri, 1264
Bangaroo, M/32
Bangikat, 1005
Bangla-badam, 1205-See:Badam
BangIa Revanchini, 105S-See:
-Revanchini
Bangle-akrot, 61-See:-Akrot
Ban-halad, 413-See:-Halad
(varieties)
Bani,800-See:-Gadabani
Banjari, 863
Banjowan, 1130
Banka, 1318
Bankahu, 728
Ban-kakri, 994-See:-Kakri
Bankando, 1257-See:-Kando
(varieties)
Bankapas, 629
Ban-kel, 822-See:-Kel
(varieties)
Ban-kela, 608-See:-Kela
( varieties)
Bank-Myna, A/136
Bankudri, 1307
Banlaunga, 713
Ban-mallica, 700-See:.<l-Mallika (varieties)
Ban-mendru, 457-See:-Mendru
Ban-methi, 391; 786, 1137; 1239
See-Methi (varieties)
734
Ban mirich, 91-See:-Mirch;

Mirich (varieties)
Banmudga, 937-See:-Mudga
(varieties)
Banmuga, 937
Banna, 1278
Ban-natia, 999
Banne, 183
Bannilgach, 561
Ban-nimbu, 581-See:- Nimbu (varieties)
Bannu, 365
Banosa, 1275-See:-Bagbanosa
.
Banpalang, 1080-See:-Palang (varieties)
Banpatrak, 1113
Banpiring, 786
Banraj, 183
Banri-See:-Narjil-hanri
Banritha, 13
Bans, 172-See:--Piyabans
Bansa, 40; 561-See:-Chitaban sa
Ban-sangli, 386
Bansen, 391
Bans kahan, 444
Bansulpha, 561
Bantepari, 951
Banti, 896; 1190-See:-Chagulbanti; Khurbanti
Bantipariya, 951
Bantulasi. 863-See:-Tulsi
(varieties)
Banura, 688
Banu-uchchhe, 271
Banyan Tree, 543
Baoli, 680
Baphali, 377; 935
Baphalle, 935
Bappayi, 273
Bar, 543-See:-Cinnabar;
Khashbar; Musabar; Musambar; Musanbar; Sanaubar;
Musabbar
~
Barabi, 486
I
Bara-charayata, 532-See:Charayatah
Bara-elachi, 93-See:-Elachi
( varieties)
Baragachi, 394; 395
Bara-garri, 1048
Baragasha, 838
Bara-gokhru, 926-See:- Gokhru (varieties)
Baragu, 899
Barahmi, 1196
Bara-kanda, 1190-See:Kanda
(varieties)
Bara-kanur, 389
Barakatus, 1044
Bara-keru, 526
Barakhawar, 54
Barakkanta, 932-See:-Kanta
(varieties)
Bara-kukur-chita, 748-See:Chita; Kukurchita (varieties)
Barakulinjan, 77-See:-Kulinjan (varieties)
Barakunda, 700-See:-Kunda
( varieties)
Bara-Lasora, 379-See:-Lasora; Chota-Iasora
Baraloniya, 1005
Baralunia, l007-See:-Lunia;
Chhota-Iunia
Barami, 3
Baran, 1195
Baranda, 865
Barangum, 580
Baranika, 1171
Baranki, 1171
Barapatam, 67:9
Bara Ritha, 1102-See:-Ritha
Bara-salpan, 556
Barasinga; A/153::'_See:- Singa (varieties)
Bara-sing6li, 333
Barasu, 526
'Barati, 1131
Baratindiala, 809
INDEX
Baratunga-See:-Tukim-ibaratianga
Baravati, 460
Barbada, 679
Barbara, 9
Barbaramu, 9
Barbati, 459
Barbatti, 480
Barberry-See:- Indian barberry; Nepal-barberry; Ophthalmic barberry; True barberry
Barbura-See:-Shveta-barbura
Barbus sophore, A/214
Barebaha, 932
Baree bach-chali, 1284-See:-;Bachali
Bareekbhauri, 689-See:Bhauri.
Barela-See:-Pila-barela
Barengum, 580
Bargada, 543
Bargat,543
Barge-tanbol, 961-See:Tanbol
Barghat, 543
Bargund, 379
Barhang, 986
Barhanta, 1149; 1226
Bari, 1278-See:-Asphari-ibari; Sahadevi-bari; Valumbari; Kulbahebari; Shambiidebari
Baria, 633
Bariaca kareta, 1134
Bariala-See :-Lal-bariala
Bariar, 1134
Bariara, 1134
Bari-chobchini, 1144-See:Chobchini
Baridachettu, 508
Bari-elachi, 93-See:-Elac:hi
Barigalu, 942
Barihannu, 1316
Barijagonda, 541
Barijamu, 508
735
Barik motha, 428--See:-Motha (varieties)

Barik-til, 1126-See:-Til
( varieties)
Barilla, M/101-See:-Sajjikhar
Bari-mahin, 1194-See:-Mahin
Bari-main, 1194-See:-Chotimain; Magiyamain; Main
Baringi-See:-Shama-baringi
Baringu, 247
Bariparni 976-See:-Parni
( varieties)
Bari saunf, 557-See:-Badisaunf; Saunf
Barisopha, 557
Barium, sulphuret-See:Sulphuret .of barium
Barkanghi, 8---See:-Kanghi
Barki-thohar, 529-See:-Thohar
Bark-tree--See:-Small-bark
tree
Barlappasmen, 758
Barleria-See:-Yellow-barleria
Barley, 653
Barlhiarisi, 653-See:-Arisi
( varieties)
Barma, 1196
Barna, 387
Barnyard Millet, 896-See:American barn-yard millet;
Millet (varieties)
Baro-kala-garu, 626-See:Kalagaru
Barola,651
Baroli, 680
Baro-shialkanta, 133-See:Shialkanta; Kanta
(varieties)
Barphali, 520
Barri, 933-See:-Badinjan-ibarri; Quisaul-barri; Yasmine-harri
Barru, 1142
1
736
THE INDIAN l\1ATERIA MEDICA
Barsunga, 195
Bartaku, 1151
Bartang, 986
Bartung, 986
Baru, 106; 1160
:
Barua-See:-Dhan-barua
Barun, 387
'
Barzhad, 541
Bas,444
Basak, 447
Basalay, 1164
Basale,l77
Basalula phare-hindi, 1256See:-Hindi (varieties)
Basanta--See:-Sveta-basanta
Hasar,63
Basarai phudina, 789-See:Pudinah & Phudina (varieties)
Basfaij, 1001
Basi, M/54-See:-Bobbasi
Basic Carbonate of Plumbum,
M/85- See:- Carbonate of
Plumbum
Basic Copper acetate, M/52See:-Copper acetate
Basic Lead Carbonate, M/85See:-Lead Carbonate
Basil-See:-Bush-b a s i 1 ;
G r e en-basil; Holy-basil;
Shrubby-basil; Sweet.-basil
Basilic couvant de poils, 864
Basilic Cultive, 861
Basilic de-Ceylon, 863
Basilic Saint, 865
Basilienkraut, 861
Basingh, 466; 532
Bas-ki-kasunda, 290-See:- .
Kasunda (varieties)
BasI, 63
Basna,52
Basrai, 822-See:-Rai '
(varieties)
Basri-See :-Rangi-basri
Bassant, 673
..
Bassari, 551-See:-Axi-
Bastard Cedar, 1161-See:Cedar

Bastard Dittany, 448-See:Dittany
Bastard saffron, 278-See:~
Saffron (varieties)
Bastard sago, 280-See:-Sago
Bastard Teak. 222-See:-Teak
Bastard or Wild ipecacuanha,
151-See:-Ipecacuanha;
Wild ipecacuanha.
Rastra, 235
Basuti--See:-Kali-basuti
Bat, 543
Batagadle, 976; 977
Bata-kshir, M/130-See:Kshir (varieties)
Batata, 1154
Batate, 684
Bataten Trichter-winde, 684
Batavi nemu, 345-See:_":Nembu (varieties)
Batbel, 334--See:-Bel
Batbor, 548-See:-Bor
(varieties)
Batengel, 1212
Baterpakhi, A/232
Bathu,89
Bathua, 305
Bathur, 1196
Bathu-sag, 305; 308--See:Sag (varieties)
Batmogri, 704-See:-Mogri
(varieties)
Bator-nebu, 345-See:-Nebu
(varieties)
Batrajee, 1031
Batsala-See :1....Neerbatsala
Batsinjal, 1055
Battal, 1037-S~e:-Mandi
battal .
Batthal, 728-See:-Hal;
Dudh-batthal .
Batu, 396-See:-Kerukohhatu
Batula, 1108
Batulpoti, 334
INDEX
Batwasi, 556; 591

Batyalaka, 1134
Bauhinie Panachee, 937
Baulo, 801
Baum wollpffanze, 587
Bauni,9
Bavachi, 1019-See:-Bobawachi
Baval, 9--See:-Gu-baval; Kalaoabaval; Kuebaval; Ratobaval; Jabbaval
Bavanchalu, 1020
Bavanchi, 1020
Bavchi, 1020
Bavto,477
Bavunji, 296
Bawachi, 1019
Bawang,63
Bawphal, 377
Bayabirang, 480-See:-Birang
Bay-berry 828-See:-Berry
or Berries (varieties)
Bayisa~gugula, 172-See:Gugula
/
Bay] aurels-See :-Sweetbay
laurels
Baypay, 776
Bayrah, 1203
Baysalt, M93; M/108-See:Salt (varieties)
Bazabaza, 830
Bazarula, 313; 403
Bazarul-banja" 351
Bazarul-Kattana, 743
Bazre-katima, 980
Bazl"equatuna, 980
Bazl"i-ulabanja, 670
Bazr-ul-khas, 719-See:-Kha<;
( varieties)
Bead-tree-See:-Common
Bead-tree
Beans - See:- Broad-bean:
Bush-bean; Chevaux defris~
bean; Chinese beans; Cluster-beans;
Double - bean;
Flat-bean; French Haricotbean; Goa-bean; Haricot-
737
bean; Indian bean; Jackbean; Kidney beans; Lima

pole bean; Molucca-bean;
Negro-bean; Pole-bean; Rangoon-bean; Scarlet Runner
Beall; Runner-bean; Soyabean; Soybean; St. Ignatius.
beans; Sword bean; Taperybeans. Common kidney-bean.
Bea\-dless wheat, 1243-See:Wheat (varieties)
Beberang, 478
Bebina, 827
Bebrang, 835
Beda, 12.'03-See-Shankat-ulbeda
Bedana, 191; 1286-See:Dana
Bedanjir, 1065-See:-Anjir
Bedanjir-e-khatai, 166; 396See:-Khatai (varieties)
Bedellium-See:-Indian be...
dellium
Bede-mushk, 1089-See:-Mushk (varieties)
Bedi, 1091-See:-Annabedi'
Bedi Achim, 299
Bedina, 827
Bedisativa, 1283
Bedmishee, 1089
Bed-mushk, 1089-See:- Mushk (varieties)
Bedolisutta, 892
Bedri jowars, 1161-See:Jowars (varieties)
Bedru, 172
Bedun, A/162
Beech-See:-Indian beech
Beef, A/141
Beejband, 1134
Beej Pak, 222
Beera-See :--Verri-beera
Beerakaya, 751
Beer-bouhtee, A/155
Beerunda, 566
Beet, 197-See:-Sea-beet; Sugar sea-beet; Common beet;
738
Garden beet
Beetle-See:-Mylabris be~tle
Beet-root, 197
Began-See:-Gur-began.
Begoon, or Begun, 1151-,
See:-Belathi begoon; Rambegun
Behada, 1203-See:-Y ehela
behada
Behaira, 1203
Behara, 1203
Behda, 1203
Behdur, 1119
Behedan, 1203
Behen, 1093
Behesa, 1203
Behesa, 1203
Behidana,
1038-see:-Dana
(varieties)
Bejulu, 375
Bekh-akhawar, 809
Bekhgillo, 356
Bekh-i-banfasa, 694-See:Banafsha
afsha
'
Bekh-sosan, 694-See: --Sosan
Bekh-unjubaz, 999
Bel, 45-See: -Ganabeli;
Bel, 45-See:-Amalb-el; Batbel; Faridbel; Jamtike-bel;
Kandurikibel; Ganabel;
Gorabel; Kathbel; Katbel;
Naibel; Panibel; Rangankibel
Bela, 45-See: -Gandha-bela;
Nayi-bela; Siyembela; Kanbela
Belambu, 163
Belapatre, 45
Belanjirij, 120
Belathi-aloo, 1154-8ee: ,Aloo;
Alu
Belathi-begoon,
756-See:Begoon; Begun
Belatijan, 293-See:-Jah, _(yarieties)
.0-." ~
Belawala-kai, 535--See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Beleric myrobalans, 1202See: -Myrobalan (varieties)
l?eli, 742-See:-Amarbeli;
Chandbeli
Belikamuli, 611-See:-Muli
(varieties)
Belik zichi, 338
Belipatta, 633
Belli, M/14
Bellipata, 633-See: -Pata
(varieties)
Belloti, 827
Belloti-gida, 827
Bell pepper, 270-See:-Pepper (varieties)
Bellulli, 65-8ee: -Kadu bellulli
Bellu-ponik, 1087
Belpata, 633-See:-Pata
(varieties)
Belpatri-phal, 535
Belsion, 742
Beluballi, 292
Bena-See: -Khas-bena;
Gandhabena
Benares Pumpkin, 722-See:Pumpkin (varieties)
Benda, 629-See:-Chiribenda; Karpuri-benda; Thuteribenda: Tuturabenda
turabenda
Bendakaya, 1
Bendarli, 758
Bendersiris, 431-8ee: -8iris
(varieties)
Bender-weI, 1282
Bendi,l
Bendri, 1282
Bengal currants, -266--8ee:Currants (varieties)
gram, 311-See:Bengal
Gram (varieties)
Bengali guji, 822-See: -Guji
Bengal kino, 222_:'8ee: -Kino
(varieties)
r
INDEX
Bengal quince, 45--See: -Quin

Benincasa cerifera, A/203
Benjuen, 352
Benkhajur, 280:-See:-Khajur; Kadu-Khajur; KalaKhajur
Bennay, A/178
Ben-ochra, 1256-See: -Ochra; Okra (varieties)
1251-See: -Okra
Ben-okra,
(varieties)
Benval hemp, 392-See: Hemp (varieties)
Benzoin tree, 1182-See:Gumbenzoin
Ber, 1316; 1317-See: -Titmber; Akalber
Bera, 543
Beram-See: -Sringa-beram
Berang, 1203
Berela: -See:-Reet-berela;
Safed-berela; Svet-berela;
Pila-berela
Berenda-See:-Bag-berenda
Bergamot, orange, 341-See:Orange (varieties)
Berisu, 233
Berjangri, 1316
Berki-sehund, 529-See: - Sehund
Bermuda, grass, 425
Berries or Berry-See: -Bagberry; Black-berry; Caperberry; Fish-berry; Indianberry; Jujub-berries; Juniper-berry;
Stinking-Opalberry; Straw-berry; Raspberry; Black Rasp-berry
Berti, 896
Beshakapore, 202
Besharam, 867
Bet, 233
Betan, 236
Betasu, 233
Betel, 960
Betel-leaf, pepper, 960-See;Pepper (varieties)
739
Betelnuse, 130
Betel-nut palm, 130-See:Areca; Palm; betel-nut
Betelpfeffer, 960
Bethonne, 1025
Bettada-bevu,
784-See:Bevu
Bettada-haralu,
705--See:Haralu (varieties)
Bettakanagala,
448-See:Kanagala (varieties)
Bettam, 233
Bettir,713
Beva-rooku, 776
Bevilacque, 662
Bevina-mara, 776
Bevu - See:-Bettada-bevu;
.
Chikkabevu
Huchha - bevu; Kahi-bevu;
Kari-bevu; Nela-baevu
Beya, A/158
Bezoar-See:-Artificial l bezoar
Bezoar stone, M/97
Bhadle, 1131
Bhadli, 899; 900; 1131
Bhadrak, 1113
Bhadramunja, 468
BhadralTIjUsta, 428
Bhadramusti,
428-See:Musti (varieties)
Bhadra shree, 1098
Bhadravalli, 468; 1262
Bhadu, 1280
Bhadulia -See: - Gandhabhadulia
Bhagener, 764
Bhai-birrung, 478
Bhain, 902
Bhaira, 1202
Bhairah, 1203
Bhais, A/146
Bhajarbettu, 384
Bhaji-See;-Chavel-Ke-bhaji;
Ghantichi-bhaji;
Gholikibhaji; Kahola-bhaji; Mayalubhaji; Nalichi-bhaji; Nuni-
740
THE INDIAN MATERlA MEDICA
bhaji; Valuchi-bhaji; Ko~ir

sir-bhaji; Maya-ki-bhaji '
Bha-khumba, 1235
Bhakra, A/212
Bhalai, 556
Bhallataka, 1119
Bhallatamu, 1119
Bhallavianga, 713
Bhalouje, A/153
Bhalu-mash, 1148
Bhamaburada, 202
Bhamaruda, 201
Bhanavalo,
109-See:-Valo
(varieties)
Bhanbi~ -See:-Kiyon-bhanbin; Kujubhanbin
Bhanda, 576--See:-Gardhabhanda
.
Bhandaka,1
Bhander-See:-Mach-bhander
Bhandira, 353
Bhang, 256--See:-Bagarbhang
Bhanga, 256;
1276--See:Harbhanga
Bhangan, A/215
Bhangara, M/32
Bhangi, 256
Bhangj ala, 433
Bhangra, 469; 680; 1159; 1276;
1291 -See:-Pivalabhangra;
Kalabhangra
Bhangura, 25
Bhanra, 1291
Bhant, 353
Bhanta, 1151
Bhantaki, 1149
Bhapali, 378
Bharangi, 354; 952; 1009
Bharangraj, 471
Bharati, 865
Bharband, 133
Bharbari, 861
Bharbhari, 863
Bharbhurwa, 133
Bhargaram, 471
Bhargavi, 425
"
.j..,> '._
Bhargi, 354; 1009 ~
Bharla, 1203
Bharti; 896
Bhas, 130
Bhat, 353; 581; 877-See:- Vakerichebhat
Bhatharu, 127
Bhathu, 127
Bhati, 127
Bhatia, 433
Bhat Karola, 752
Bhatkateya, 133
Bhatmil -See:- Sialkantabhatmil
Bhatta, 877
Bhattada-hullu, 877
Bhatwan, 462; 581
Bhaulan, 669
Bhauri-See:-Bareekbhauri
Bhavaj, 1019
Bhavanbakra, 994--See:--Bakra
Bhavanchi-vittulu, l020--See~
- Vittulu (varieties)
Bhavarakta, 389
Bhavya, 448
Bhedi-janetet, 139
Bheemseni camphor, 250--See:
-Camphor (varieties)
Bhees-khupra, 1228
Bheka, A/217
Bhekal, 555
Bhekkar,40
Bhela, 1119
Bhelatuki, 1119
Bhenda,
l-See:-Chakrabenda; Vanabhenda
Bhendan, 1 '"
Bhende See:- Chapperbhende
~
Bhend~kayi,
l-See:-Kai;
Kayi (varieties)
Bhendi, 1; 629-See:-Kapurbendi, Ranbhendi; WagdauBhendi
Bhendike-jij - See:-Mushkbhendike-jij
INDEX
Bhendo - See:- Ranbhendo

Hodlo Ranbhendo; Kasturibendo
Bhensa Bolo, 170-See:-Bol
Bhentia, 742
Bhera, 1202; A/212
Bherband, 133
Bherda, 1203
Bherdha, 1203-See:-Bonbherenda
Bherenda,
1065-See:-Bagbherenda;
Gab-bherenda;
Sada-bherenda; Bag-berenda
Bhetki fish,. A/214-See:-Fish
( varieties)
Bhiamu, 1119
Bhickma, 130
Bhidi-Janelet, 1256
Bhikshugparivraji, 1162
Bhilawa, 1119
Bhimb, 300
Bhimpal, 309
Bhimseni
cam_phor-See:Camphor (varieties)
Bhimseni Kapoor, 466-See:Kapoor (varieties)
Bhimseni kapur, 250-See:Kqpur
Bhin,902
Bhinbin, 902
Bhinda,l
Bhindi, 1; 628
-See:Bhindo
Chanakbhindo
Bhindu, 1
Bhinga, M/123
Bhiralimada, 281
Bhirand, 566
Bhirmie, 1196
Bhishakpriya, 356; 1205-See:
-Priya (varieties)
Bhiv.ia, 309
Bhogimara-See:-Bilebhogi'mara
Bhoising,
121 -See:-Sing
(varieties)
Bhojapatra, 198
.
741
Bhokani, A/215
Bhokar, 379
Bhokri, 1286
Bhooi-jam,
100~e:-Jam
(varieties)
Bhoota-Karalu, 615
Bhooteasse, 827
Bhooya-nankeri, 609
Bhopla -'- See:-Dudh-bhopla;
Kadu-bhopla; Kala -bhopala;
Kashi-bhopla;
Lalbhopla; Ran~bhopla Tambdabhopla
Bhopla mirchi, 270-&=e:Mirchi (varieties)
Bhor, 552
Bhora, 1060
Bhoreeloth, 373
Bhoringani, 1156-See:-Ringani (varieties)
Bhramaka, M/55-See:-Maka
(varieties)
Bhramara, (honey) A/192See:-Honey (varieties)
Bhranda-See:-Lal-bhranda
Bhringaraj, 469; 471
Bhringi-See:~Pitabhringi
Bhuchampaka, 716-See:Champaka (varieties)

Bhuchall)pakamu, 716-See:Champakamu (varieties)
Bhudina, 788
Bhuiamla, 947-See:-Amla
(varieties)
Bhuiavala, 947-See:-Avala
( varieties)
Bhuiavali, 949-See:-Avall
(varieties)
Bhulichampa, 716-See:-Bhumichampaka; C ham paka;
Champa (varieties)
Bhuichampo, 716-See:Champo
Bhuichana, 121-See:-Chana
(varieties)
Bhuichane, 121-See:-Chane
Bhuichapa, 7l6-See:-Chapa
742
..
Bhui-dari, 1253-See:-Dari
Bhui-dumur, 550-See:.Dumur
Bhuigholi, 1006-See:-Gholi
Bhui-goli, 1007-See:-Gbli
Bhuiguli, 678-See:-Gu~i
( varieties)
Bhuikakali, 519-See:-KakaH
Bhuikanda, 1116-See:-Kanda
(varieties)
Bhui-kohala, 686-See:Kohaia (varieties)
Bhui-kumara, 1235-See:Kumara
Bhuikumra, 686-See:-Kumra
( varieties)
Bhuimug, 121-See:-Moogj
Mug (varieties)
Bhui-naringa, 842-See:Naringa (varieties)
Bhuiokra, 746-See:-Okra
( varieties)
Bhuiringani, 1150-See:-Ringani (varieties)
Bhuisarpati, 890-See:Sarpati
Bhuisheng, 121-See:-Sheng
Bhuising, 121-See:-Sing (varieties)
Bhui-tarwad, 288-See:-Tarwad
Bhui-tulsi, 1095-See:-Tulsi
(varieties)
Bhujpattra, 198-See:-Pattra
(varieties) j Tulasi (varieties)
Bhu-kartaka, 1317-See:-Kartaka
Bhuma madiya, 893
Bhumbhuru, 130
Bhumibala, 1137-See:'-Bala
( varieties)
Bhumichampaka 71&--:.See::Champaka (varieties)
Bhumi-kumra. 686-See:Kumra (varieties) IT
Bhumikushmanda, 686-,-See:Kushmanda
."_ -
Bhumiringani, 1156-See:_
Ringani (varieties)
Bhumkedhum, 1266
Bhumyaamiaki, 947-See:_
Amlaki
Bhunguru, 1126
Bhunimba, 101; 1184-See: __
Nimba (varieties)
Bhura-Jambol, 91-See:Jambol
Bhuringni, 1156-See:-Ringini
( varieties)
Bhurjapatra, 198
Bhurungi, 952
Bhusmoo-See:-Chitloobhusmoo
'Bhustrina, 104; 107
Bhut, 462; 581
Bhuta-dhatri, 947-See:Dhatri
Bhutakesa, 827
Bhutakesi, 383; 827
Bhutam Kusam, 395
Bhutanga, 65
Bhutan-kusam, 395
Bhutapala, 473; 474
Bhuta-vasah, 1202
Bhut-bhiravi, 1009
Bhutghata, 119
Bhuthala Bhairi, 395
Bhuththe, 1304
Bhut-jatt, 840
Bhutkatya, 1156
Bhut Kesi, 383
Bhutnasan, 537; 541
Bhutphal, 473
Bhutrina, 111
Bhutta, 1304'
Bhuttala, 54
Bhu-tulasi, 862-:-See:-Tulasi
(varieties)
- Bhuya-ter;:tda, 735-See:-;Terada
Bhuyavali, 947-See:-Avali
Bhuyimaddi, 411-See:Maddi (varieties)
Bhytajata, 840
INDEX
Bibba, 1119
Bib-bayi, 1119
BibIa, 1025
Biborate of Soda, M/103-See:
-Soda biborate
Biborate of Sodium, Mj103-See:-Sodium biborate
Bibu, 651
Bibzar koonti, 821
Biehi-See:-Libi-biehi
Biehirbali, 823-See:-Bali
(varieties)
Biehu, 771; 1258
Bicnua, 771
Bichuti, 1226-See:-Jalbichuti
Biela, 800
Bidari, 526
Bidarikand, 686; 1031-See:Kand (varieties)
Bidastara-See:-Zandabidastara
Biddari, 585
Bighara, 599
Bihagni, 1000
Bihidana, 1038-See:-Dana
( varieties)
Bih langani, 1000
Bijabuda, 1025
Bijan-See:-Miniak bijan
Bijasar, 1025-See:-Sar (varieties)
Bijband, 999; 1079; 1080; 1134
Bijindak, 736
Biji Sa-sarvi, 1140
Bijore, 345
Bijoura, 348
Bijtarka, 136
Bikh, 23; 27; 30-See: -Maurabikh
Bikh-e-banafshah, . 694-See:
-,Banafsha (varieties)
Bikhe-hayata -See: -Tukhmi-bikhe-hayata
Bikne-mahaka, 582
Bikhma,30
Bikhmo-See: -:-Kalo-bikhmo
743
,Biladur, 1119
Bil-See: -Zanjabil
Bilaikad, 686
Bilai-kand, 686; 1031-See:Kand (varieties)
Bilai-khand, 686
Bilamba, 163
Bilangra, 555
Bilangura, 555
Bilasi, 387
Bilatee baigun, 756-See:Baigunbilatee
Bilatibadam, 1011-See:-Badam (varieties)
Bilay-chitramuIa, 990-See:Chitramuia (varieties)
Bilay kumbaIa, 185: -Kumbaia (varieties)
BiIdi, 688
Bile-See: -Ox-bile; Five-biles
(panchapitta)
Bile-bhogimara, 1132-See:Bhogimara
Bile-bovu, 1132-See:-Bovu
(varieties)
Bile-NaidiIay, 859-See: -Naidilay
Bile-nekki, 1278-See: -Nekki
(varieties)
Bile-Tavaray, 859-See:-Tavaray
Bilibilikayulu, 163
BiIiburfa, 505
BiIiburuga, 505-See:-Burugadan1.aram; Buruga
Biligara, M/103
Bilim, 163
Bilimbikay, 163
BilinuphaI, 45
BilivaphaI, 45
Bil-j hunj hun,
394-See:Jhunjhun (varieties)
Bilkambi, 797
Billa-ganneru,
1274-See:Ganneru (varieties)
Billi-Iotan, 846
'744
THE INDIAN, MATERIA MEDICA
Billimattin, 1198-See: -Matti

(varieties)
Billion-dollar grass, 896
Bilor-See: -Zakebilor
Bilva,45
Bilvam,45
Bilvamu,45
Bilvapandu, 45
Bilva-phala, 535
Bimba, 300
Bimbal, 428
Bimblee, 163
Bimlipatam Jute, 62~ee:
Jute
Bin-See:-Napiya-bin; Salebin;
Tali-bin;
Tamabin;
Turanja-bin
Binbula, 163
Bincha, 555
Bincohamba, 573
Bindaal, 753
Binduka, 698
Binjoam, 352
Binko hamba, 717
Binkook Tuffaarmina, 1013;
1014
Binnuga, 1252
BioI, 935
Bipem kanta, 1077-See:Kanta (varieties)
Bir-See: -Akalbir; Akkalbir
Birabavati, A/206
Biramadandu, 133
Birandel, 566
Birang-See: -Bayabirang
Biranga, 478-See: Baibirang
Birangi-i-Kabuli, 478
Biranj, 877
Biranjasif, 20
Birbarang, 1159
Birch-bark - See: - 'White~
birch bark
Bird-cherry,
1016- See:Cherry (varieties) .,
Birds-See: -Plavabirds r Prasahabirds; Pratuda'bnus
Bird's Eye chilli, 270-S~:

Chilli; Chillies (varieties)
Bird's meat, A/141-~
Meat, birds; Meat of deer
Birgo, 952
Birha, 1203
Birhatta, 1149
Biri-See:-Pade-biri, Valambid
Birikai-See:-Valumbirikai
Birinjmogra, 600-See:Mogra
Birmi, 1196-See:-Zirnubbirmi
Birmolo, 556
Birmova, 556
Biroz-See:-Gandhabiroz
Biroza-See:-Gandhabiroza
Birthwort, 138
Birthwort-See:-Indian birthwort
Bis, 23; 1089
Bisamrose, 1073-See:-Rose
(varieties)
Hish, 23; 27-See:-Katbish
Bisha, 28; 579
Bishalanguli, 579-See:-Languli
Bishcopra,lOlO-See:-Copra
Bish Kachu, 372-See:Kachu; Kachur-Kachu
(varieties)
Bishkapra, 1228; 1229
Bishlambhi, 403
Bishnag, 23-See:-Nag (varieties)
Bishnak, 27-See:-Nak
Bishop's Weed; 280; 1028-See:
-Weeds (varieties)
Bislambi, 405 ~.
Bissy Nuts, 1169 - _Bisulphide of Iron, M/66-See:
-Iron blsulphide
Bisulphurette of Tin, M/115See:-Tin bisulphurette
Bisva Tulasi, 861-See:-Tulasi
(varieties)
INDEX
Biswal, 17
Bithari, 281
Bithua, 431; 676
Bit-palang, 196; 197-See:Palang (varieties)
Bitsa, 1091
Bitter apple, 335-See:-Apple,
Indian bitter-apple etc. varieties
Bitter-ash, 520-See:-Ash
(varieties)
Bitter bottle gourd, 721-See:
-Bottle gourd, Gourd (varieties) Gourd small
Bitter cucumber, 335-See:Cucumber; Common-cucum-
ber
Bittere Luffe, 752-See:-Luffe
(varieties)
Bitter gourd, 805-See:Gourd (varieties)
Bitter orange, 341-See:Orange (varieties)
Bitter-sweet, 1148; 1150
Bivalve shell, A/211-See:Shell (varieties)
Biyyam, 877
Black adulsa, 714-See:Adulsa (varieties)
Black antimony, M/13-See:Antimony (.varie<ies)
Blackberry, 516-See:-Berry
(varieties)
Black Buck, A/143-See:Buck (varieties)
Black Catechu, ll-See:Catechu (varieties)
Black-cherry, 1077-See:Cherry (varieties)
Black cobra, A/220-;See:Cobra (varieties)
Black cochineaL A/56-See:Cochineal (varieties)
Black creeper, 674
Black Cumin, 854-See:Cumin
48
745
Black darner, 254-See:Darner

Black fish, A/216-See:-Fish
(varieties)
Black Gram, 940-See:-Gram
(varieties)
Black Hellebore, 618-See:Hellebore
Black musale, 411-See:Musale
Black mustard, 216; 1140-See:
Mustard (varieties)
Black-pepper, 969-See:Pepper ( varieties)
Black Plum, 516-See:-Plum
( varieties)
Black Prince, 1286-See:Prince
Black Raspberry, 1077-See:Raspberry
Black Salt, Mj98-See:-Salt
(varieties)
Black spleen wort, 156-See:Spleenwort
Black sulphide, (See:-Kajjali) , M/72-8ee:-Sulphide
Bla<'k sulphide of Mercury,
M/72 - Se~:-Sulphide of
Mercury; Mercurysulphide
Black- talc, M/123-See:-Talc
(varieties)
Black Varnish tree, 776-See:
-Varnish tJ.-ee
Black wood, 432
Bladder-See Swimming
bladder
Bladder-dock, 1080-See:Dock (varieties)
Bladderwrack 560
Blasenfruchitger Amper, 1079
Blasentang, 560
Blimbi, 163
Blimbu, 163
Blistering-flY--8ee:-ChinEse
blistering-fly
Blood flower, 151
Blood-See:-Dragons blood
746
THE INDIAl'f MATERIA MEDICA
Bloodveened Sage, 1093

Bloodveened Sage-See:-Sage
(varieties)
.
Blue copperas, M/52-See:Coppera.s of Commerce (viarieties)
,
Blue Gum Tree, 512-See:Gum tree
Blue Lotus, 695-See:-Lotus
(varieties)
Blue pine, 957-See:-Pine.
(varieties)
Blue silajit, M/23-See:-Silajit (varieties) .
Blue stone, M/52
Blue vitriol, M/52-See:Vitriol (varieties)
Blue water-lily-See:-East
Indian Blue Water-lily;
Water-lily; Lily etc. (varieties)
Bnah,172
Boabab, 38
Bobawachi, 1019-See:Bavachi
Bobbasi, 273-See:-Basi
Boberlu, 459
Bob-Iar-nari, 1282-See:Nari.
Bodapatra, 596
Bodarakakaro, M/8S
Bodasarum, 1167
Bodda, 548--See:-Karakabodda; Kukkabodda
Boddakura, 1007-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Bodha, 271
Bodichettu, 759
Boedatarapu-chettu, 1162
Boel-See:-Pivalaboel; Kalahoel
Boephol, 446
Bogari, 1316, Boggu-See:Kattaboggu
Bogi-See:-Karu-bogi.
Bogi-vittulu, 1020-Se~:-:
Vittulu (varieties) ..... -:-.<
Bogra, 351
Bohar, 543
Bohera, 1203
Bohodani, 380
Bois de fiot, 633
Bois doux, 582
Bokhara plum, 1014-See:Plum (varieties)
Bokkan, 607
Bokkena, 746
Bokodu, A/212
Bokudu chettu, 662
Bol, 170-See: -Bhensa Bol;
Hirabol
Bola, 170; 633; 925
Bolam, 170-See: -Karibolam
Bole, Bole Armeniac, M/I0-.
See:-Armeniac Bole; Ar.
menian Bole; Bole; Red-bole
Bole (yellow) ochre, M/9SSee:-Ochre (varieties)
Rubra, M/95-See:Bole
Rubra Bole
Bolsari, 801
Bombalinas, 345
Bombay or East Indian Mastiche, 975-See:- Mastiche
(varieties)
.
Bombay Hemp, 392-See:Hemp (varieties)
Bombay Mace, 834-See:Mace
Bommajemudu, 522
Bona Jowan, 1219:-See.Jowan
Bon-bheranda,
705-See:Bherenda
Bonda-See:~Makaibonda
Bondayi, 894
Bond/-na-cha, - A/205-See:Cha
Bonduc - See: -Guilandinabonduc
Bonducella nut, 226
Bonducjaune, 226
Bondula-gida, 950
INDEX
Bone -See: -Cuttle-fish-bone;

Fish-bone
Bonga, 172
Bongataini, 519
Bongrut, 127
Bongzam, 978
B,onjoi, 352
Bon-khoye, 8
Bonmethi, 1134; 1138-See:Methi (varieties)
Bon-nil, 561-See:-Nil (varieties)
Bon-nimbu, 922-See: -Nimbu
(varieties)
Bon-okra, 1297-See: -Okra
(varieties)
Bonpalang, 1159-See: -Palang (varieties)
Bon-patol, 1235-See:-Patol
Bontamaku, 1266--See: -Tamaku (varieties)
Bonthakalli, 522-See: -Kalli
(varieties)
Bonthekalli,522-See:-Kalli
( varieties)
Bontil, 676
Bonveri, 932
Boodigummadi,
185-See:Gummadi (varieties)
Boodi kumbala, 185-See:Kumbala (varieties)
Booligi, 474
Boomi-jambuka, 1009-See:Jambuka
Boorugachettu - See: - Mundlaboorugachettu
Boorugada-mara, 208
Boot, 311
Bopla, 722
Bor, 543; 1316--See: -Batbor; Chanya-bor; Jungle-bor;
Moto-bor
'
Bora, 1272-See: -Khorasanibora; Nun-bora
'
Borage-See: -Country borage
Borate of Sodium-See:Sodium Borate
747
Borax, M/103-See: -Crudeborax

Borax tynkal, M/103
Bori, 396; 1316
Borkut (in text) 1316
Borneo-camphor, 250-See:Camphor (varieties)
Borneo and Sumatra Camphor,
466-See: -Camphor
(varieties)
Bornite, M/49
Borsali, 801
Boruna, 1280
Bos indicus, A/202
Boswellie dentele, 211
Bot, 543
5IS-See: - J am
Botee-.J am,
(varieties)
Bottah, 1304
Bottle-gourd - See:-Bitter,.
bottle-gourd; Indian bottlegourd:-See:--{}ourd (varieties)
Bottle grass, 1131
Botuku, 379
Boire-See: -Bile-boire
Box Myrtle, 828-See: -Myrtle
Boyal fish, A/214-See:-Fish
(varieties)
Boyra, 1203
Bozid~na,
1037-See: -Dana
(varieties)
Braa, 373
Brab tree, 209
Brahati, 1149
Brahmabuti, 662
Brahmadandi, 468
Brahma-kuraku,
662--See:
Kuraku
Brahma-manduki, 662-See:Manduki
Brahmamlika, 3S-See: -Amlika
Brahmdalldichettu, 133
Brahmi, 624; 662-See:-Jalabrahmi; Kar-brahmi; Neerbrahmi; Nirbrami; Mandukbrammi
748
Brahmmadandu, 133
Bralakrati-See: -Neelabrala:.krati
Brambhi, 624
Bramble, 1077
Bramhadandi, 724; 1234
Bras, 877
Brasiletto, 230
Brassica capitata, A/203
~rassica oleracea, A/203
Bratta,486
Brazil pepper, 269-See:Pepper (varieties)
Bread-See: -Way-bread
Bread-shot See:-Indian
Bread-shot
Brede-puante, 351
Bredo-mamma, 351
Brela, 1134
Brihatika, 333
Brihatphala, 755
Brihat-upa kunchika, 93-See:
-Kunchika; Upa-kunchika
Brihatvaka,
80-See: -Vaka
(varieties)
Brihmi-sak,
624-See: -Sak
(varieties)
Brimla, 297
Brimposh, 858
Brimstone, M/119
Brindao, 566
Brinjal, 1151
Broach, 587
Broad bean, 533-See: -Beans
(varieties)
Brojonali, 1303
Broom-corn Millet, 898-See:
-Corn millet; Millet (varieties)
Brown
algae,
560-See:Algae; Redalgae
Brown Indian hemp 628-See:
-Hemp; Indian hemp
Brown Mustard, 215-See:Mustard (varieties)
Bruhi,268
g
Brunnu, 392
,H_
Brush-tree:
See:-Tooth_
brush-tree
Brussels sprouts, 217-See:Sprouts
Bryoms, 219
Buah Kaduka, I206-See:Kaduka
Bubalo, A/156
Buchanaka, 121
Buch-nak-hindi, 579-See:Hindi (varieties)
Buc1.:-See: -Black buck
Buck
wheat,
534-See:Wheat (varieties)
Budamakaya, 951
Budbar, 519
Budbara, 519
Buddaka-kara,
271-See:Kakarakara (varieties)
Budha, 1089
Budhokizerangi, A/206
Budithi gummidi, 185-See:Gummidi (varieties)
Budiori-dha-mun, 506
Budrung, 1303
Budrunjboya, 786
Buffalo, A/146
Buffalo's milk, A/175-See:Milk (varieties)
Bugbane,
314--See: -Bane
(varieties)
Buhul,380
Buhura, 1203
Bui, 167; 890; 1031
Bui-maderan, 20
Buin, 987
Bujagumbala, 686 - See:Gumbala (~arieties)
Bujrbanga, 433-See: -Banga;
PattrabangaBukkapuchettu, 230Buko,52
Bl.lk-slat..,ul-mulik, 561
Bulgar -See: -Bulgar-jangli,
51-See:--Jangli bulgar
Buli, 1170-See: -Surbuli
Buliun, 1212
INDEX
Bullock's heart or true custard

apple of America, 115
Bullrush Millet 930: -See:Millet (varieties)
Bull's heart, 115
Bulmuj,441
Bulpam, M/96
BuIu, 1061
Bun, 365
Bund, 365
Bundar, 556
Bundarlati, 285
Bunga-pala, 830
Bungrah Mochrand, 469
Bunlanga See:-Lal-bunlanga
Bunna, 365
Bun-okra, 1251-See: -Okra
(varieties)
Bun-palung, 1080
Bun-piring, 1239
Buporio-See: -Adban buporio
Bur, 107; 543
Buraekes-saghah, M/l03
Buraga-See: -Kondaburaga
Bunashama, 895
Buraye,933
Burg-sadab, 524-See:-Sadab
Burhan-palak,
1164-See:Palak (varieties)
Burbna, 1031
Buri-See: -Shadaburi
Burkai, 751-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Burkas,474
Burmie, 1196
Burning bush, 520
Burnt alum, M/6-See: -Dried
alum; Alum burnt; Alum
Burnt fish, A/216-&ee: -Fish
(varieties)
Burnt lime,
M/44-See:Lime; Caustic lime, etc.'
Buro-bahuri, 379
Buro-choocha, 427-See: -Cha
Buroja-See:-Ghandhaburoja
Buroni, 550
Bursha, 371
Buruga-See: -Adavi-buruga
Burugadamarmn, 362-See:Biliburuga; Buruga
Buru-katkon-charee, 503
Burulla-guralia, 733
Burundi, 617
Buruyasauna, 505
864-See: -Basil
Bush-basil,
(varieties)
Bushbean,
940-See: -Bean
(varieties)
Bushpala,
830-See: -Pala
( varieties)
Bussud, A/156
Bustan Afroz, 89
Buta, 1168
Butai-See: -Chingambutai
Buta-Kudambe, 1168-See:Kudambe
Butali, 594
Butan-kusham, 114
Butchnab, 27
Butea-gum, 222
Butee-feuillue, 222
Buthur, 1196
Buti-See: -Zarbuti
Butkalai,311-8ee:-Kalai
Butshur, 486
Butsnabbish, 27
Butt-See:-Wooly butt
Butter, A/176; A/178-See:Clarified
butter;
cream..,
butter; Phulwara-butter
Kokum butter
Butter fish, A/214-See:-Fish
(varieties)
Butterfly-pea, 354-See: -Pea
(varieties)
Butter-milk,
A/176-See:Milk ( varieties)
Butter-tree-See: -Indian butter tree
Butter-weed, shaggy, 1162
Button-See: -Quaker button
750
Button-quaIs, (birds,) A/232

Buzaganja, 975-See:-GClnja
(varieties)
Buzoorbutu, 422
Buzrool, 670
Burzula, 354
Byakura,
1149--See: -Kura
(varieties)
Byang, A/217
Byclospa, 237
, Cabardine musk, A/198-See:

-Musk (varieties)
Cabasse, 1214
Cabbage, 216
Cabbage Rose, l071-See:Rose (varieties)
Cabosse, 1214
Cacao, 148; 1214
Cadaba-See: -Indian cadaba
Cadjan pea, 231-See:-Pea
(varieties)
Cafeie-d Arabie, 365
Caffi, 365
Cahwa, 365
Caj ennea!U, 469
Cajuputi, 775
Cajuputti, 775
Cajuput Tree, 775
Calamine, M/131-See: -Native Calamine
Calartori,
1234-See : -Tori
(varieties)
Calcium sulphate, exiccatedSee: -Exsiccated
calcium
sulphate; Sulphate of calcium
Caldera Bush, 894
Caledium-See: -G.reat-leaved
caledium
Calf's feet jelly, A/136-,-See:Jelly
,
Callichrous pabda, A/214
Caltrops-See: -Indian
cal,
trops; Small caltrops'
Calumba-See: -False,' calumba
_u...,/-
Calurana, 618
Calx-See :-Pewter-calx
Camhi resin, 5S9-See: -Resin
Camel, A/146
Camel's thistle, 46B-See:Thistle (varieties)
Camel's thorn, 611
Camomile, 772
Camphor, 250; 466-See:Bheemseni camphor; Borneo
camphor; Sumatra camphor
Camphor-plant, 117
Camphor-wood -See: -Nepal
camphor-wood
Camphre, 25Q
Canada Fleabane, 504-See:
Fleabane; Ash-coloured flea~
bane, etc.
Canarese Pepper, 972-See:Pepper (varieties)
Canari-telli mara, 254-See:Tellimara
Candle nut, 61
Cani-See: -Gada-cani
Canne a Sucre, 1083
Caniram -See: -Modira-caniram
Cannelle, 328
Cantharides, A/207
Cape gooseberry, 951-See:Gooseberry, etc.
Caper berry, 265-See: -Berry
(varieties)
Caper plant, 265
Caper,
three-leaved-See:,Three-leaved caper
Capok tree, 505
Capra ibex, .:8../202
Caramunni payira, 1272
Caramunny-pyre, 459
Carata, 54
Caravalla Seeds, 599
Caraway Seed, 409
Carbonate of Plumbum-See:
-Basic carbonate of Plumbum
Carbonate of Potash-See:-
INDEX
Impure or factitious carbonate of Potash

Carbonate of Potasiutn-See:
-Impure or factitious carbonate of Potash
Carbonate of Soda---8ee:Crude carbonate of Soda;
Soda carbonate
Carbonate of Sodium-8ee:Sodium carbonate
Carbonate of zinc, M/131See:-Zinc
Carbonate
Potassic-See: Potassic-carbonate
Cardamom, 475-See:~CeylGn
cardamom; Gallanga cardamom; Greater cardamom;
Lesser cardamom;' Malabar
. cardamom
Cardamom Elettarie, 475
Carmeutine Couchee, 714 .
Carookoova, 1315
Carotte Cultive, 441
Carrageen, 310
Carrihari, 579
Carrot, 440-See:-Wild carrot
Carthagena ipecacuanha, 1023
-See:-Ipecacienha
(varieties)
Cartheme, 278
Cart-track Plant, 986
Carvella, 351
Casein, A/179
Caserychedi, 787
Cashew nut, 96
Cassarva, 769
Cassava, 706
Cassia,
291-See: -Chinese
cassia; Foetid caSSia; Tanner's cassia
Cassia cinnamon, 331-See:Cinnamon (varieties)
astalla lotus-See: -~gyptian
Castalia lotus; Lotus (varieties)
Cassia flower, 14
Cast-iron, M/56-SeE!!: -Iron,
#
751
cast Wrought Iron; (varieties)

Castor, A/147
Castor-oil plant, 1065
Cast or wrought Iron, M/55See:-Iron
Cat-See: -Civet cat
Cataloup, 402
Catechu, l1-See:-Black catechu; Pale-catechu
Cat fish, A/214; A/216-See:Fish (varieties).
Cat jan, 231
Catkins-See:-Dried catkins
Catmint-See:-Malabar catmint
Catserina, 175
Cat's hair, 526
Cat-tail millet, 930-See:Millet ( varieties)
Cauliflower, 215; 218
Causjan-cora, 263
Caustic lime, M/44-See:Lime; Burnt
lime,
etc.
(varieties)
Cavandishi, 822
Cayenne pepper, 268; 270See:-Pepper (varieties)
Cece,311
Cedar-See:-Bastard cedar,
Himalayan-cedar
Celery, 119-See:-Wild celery
Cemeiner wunderbaum, 1065
Cestrum nocturnum, A/203
Ceti-See:-Oleumceti
Ceylon cardamom, 93-See:Cardamom
Ceylon cow-plant, 596-See:Cow plant .
Ceylonishche Bleiwurz, 990
Ceylon Jasmine, 1189-See:Jasmine (varieties)
Ceylon leadwort, 990
Ceylon moss, 591-See:-Moss
(varieties)
Cha, 247-See:-(Gavatichaha;
Bond-na-cha; Buro-choocha;
Chaha; Dhaincha; Hingcha
752
Chab,964
Chakulia, 1255
Chabai, 268
Chakunda, 289; 291-See:Chabchin.i, 964-See:-Chini
Kunda (varieties)
(varieties)
Chakur, 282-:-See: -Kur
Chaburanja, A/212
Chakusina-gida-See:Chachar, 191
A varike chakusina~gida
Chachinda, 1234
Chak-wat, 305
Chachinga, 1234
Chakwit, 305
Chadu-til, 1126-See:-Til
Chalava-miriyalu, 4(}O-See:(varieties)
Miriyalu (varieties)
Chae-kashmiri, 104
Chali-mara, 1181
Chaemp, 148
Chalita, 448
Chaff-flower-See:-Priakly
M/41-See:-French
Chalk,
chaff-flower
chalk; Purified French chalk~
Chaff-free-See:-Rough chaffRed chalk
free
Chalk Kumrha, 185-See:Cha-gaca, 1213
Kumra; Kumrha (varieties);
Chagalanghri, 689
Desi-Kumrah; Shada-Kumra
Chagal koshtam, 1l08-See:- Challa, 723
Koshta, Koshtam (varieties) Challa gaddalu, 154
Chagalkuri, 689-See:-Kuri
585-See:Challagumudu,
(varieties)
Gumudu
Chagulbanti, 430-See:-Banti Challani, 456
Chaha-See:-Cha; GavatiChalodra, 477
chaha; Haree-chaha; Paticha- Chalta, 448-See: -Ban-chalta
chaha; Sugandhichaha
Chalukondee, 617
Chahna, 311
Cham-See: -Pilacham
Chama, 372
Chai, 247; 964
Chair, 964
Chamaba, 702
Tanner's cassia
Chamada, 282
Chamantipu- See:- ShimaiChairatali-See:-Yerra
chairatali
chamantipu
Chamantipushpam -See:Chaka, M/41
Sima-chamantipushpam
Chakarei-See:-Pumichakarei
Chamara, 351
Chakemdia,431
Chamari, 1009
Chamarien, 923
Chakkerakum,palan, 407
Chakor, A/138
Chamarikaven 468
Chamarmuli, 1282-See: -Muli
Chakot, 345
(varieties) =
Chakota, 1114
Charnau1li-pushp-amu - See:Chakotra, 345
Chakrabhenda, 8 - 'See:Shimacharnaulli-pushpamu
Charnbeli, '701
Bhenda (varieties)
Charnbul, 1049
Chakramarda, 291
Charnel,183
Chaksie, 282
'Charneli, 700; 701 - See:Chaksoo, 282
Chemeli; Vilati-chemeli
Chaksu, 282
_ ...,
Chamiari, 1015
Chakua,61
. ,.
INDEX
Chamitha-See: -JhadiChamitha
.chamkurakagadda, 148-See:
-Gadda (varieties)
Chamokung, 1183
Chamomile, 117
Chamoti, 795
Champ-See: -Oulia champ
Champa, 795 - See: -Bhuchampaj Gobar-champaj
Golden-champa; Gorurchampa; Hill~champa; Kalchampa; Kanakchampa;
K.antali~champa; Khairchampa;
Nagchampa;
Kshirachampaj Pilachampaj Pilochampaj
Punnag~champa;
Sonchampa; Sultanachampaj
Yellow-champa
Champac, 794-See: -Raichampae
Champai, 1130
Champ aka, 794; 993-See:Bhumichampakaj Bhucham-
paka
Champakam, 795-See: -Nagachampakamj Veilltta-champakam
Champakamu, 795 - See:Bhuchampakamu
Champarutti, 631-See: -Parrutti (varieties)
Champay, 795
Champe-See: -Nagachampe
Champeryah, 792
Champo _..:.:. See: -Bhuipochampo; Rhadchampo
Champ-pungat, 993
Champu-See: -Kalochampu
Chamror, ,472
Chamyar, 446
Chan, 877
Chana, 311; 459-See: -Bhuichanaj Harbarchana; Narunchana; Seochanaj Tikchana
Chanaka, 311
Chanakamulu, 311
753
Chanak bhindo, 629-See:Bhindo

Chan-chandanam, 1026-See:
-Chandanam (varieties)
Chancharamari, 202
Chand-See: -Chota-chand;
Safarchand
Chandakuda, 128-See:-Kuda
(varieties)
Chandamaram, 630
Chandan, 1098-See: -Swetchandanj Gopichandanj
Gury-chandan; Pit-chandan;
Sada-chandan; Safed-chandan; Swetchandan
Chandana - See: -Miniakchandana, Raktachandana;
Kuchandana; Lal-chandana
Chandanakattai, 1098
Chandan am, 1098-See:Chan-chandanam; Shenchandanam
Chandanbatva, 160; 305
Chandan betu, 305
Chandbeli,
892-See: -Beli;
Amarbeli
Chandena-maram, 1098
Chanderee, 763
Chandi, M/14
Chandila, 922
Chandivadio, 759
Chandkal, 759
Chandla, 128
Chandna, 748
Chandni, 1189
Chandra, 800; 893; 1050
Chandrahittu, 761
Chandra-kantha, 803
Chandra-moola, 715-See
Moola (varieties)
Chandramulika, 715-See:Mulika (varieties)
Chandrapada, 137-See:Pada (varieties)
.Chandrasura, 736
Chandrika, 1050
Chandua, 1055
754
Chandumula, 715-See: -Mula

(varieties)
I
Chandurakkalli, 522-Se~: Kalli (varieties)
Chandwar, 759
Chane-See:-Bhuichane
Changeri, 890; 1080
Cha,nnak-koova, 385-See:Koova
Channangi, 734
Chano, 311-See:-Nanchano
Chanothi, 5
Chans, A/179
Chansaur, 736
Chanu,119
Chanupalavittulu, 282-See:Vittulu (varieties)
Chanura, 459
Chanya-bor, 1317-See: -Bor.
Cha'nyapallo - See: -Kaduchanyapallo
Chapa-See: -Bhuichapa
Chapala-See: -N avanchapala
Chappalsund, 872
Chappanam, 230
Chapperbadnekai, 756-See:Badanekayi; Kai or Kayi
(varieties)
Chappar-bhende, 756-See:Bhende
Chapra, 835
Chara, 221-See:-Chimanchara; Kasschara
Charachi, 594
Charaigorwa, 1280
Charai-pakhi, A/212
Charak, 580
Chara-mamidi, 221-See:Mamidi (varieties)
Charangi, 952
Charas, 256
Charati, 683
Charayatah, 507; 1184-See:Bara-charayata; Kiryatcharayatah
Charbee, A/136
Charbi, A/229
.".>
Charcoal See: -Medicinal

charcoal; Wood-charcoal
Char-de-Venus, 23
Charela, 922.
Charita, 717
Charkicharoli, 221-See:Charoli
Charmaghz, 709
Charo-See: -Surpano-charo
Charoli,
221-See: -Charkicharoli
Chasa-mizaja, 282
Chasauma, 282
Chashami-Khurosa, 5
Chaste-tree-See:-Five
-leaved chaste tree
Chatak, A/155
Chataka, A/155; A/212
Chata-rashi, 561
Chatomarak-See: - Tandichatomarak
Chatri, 191
Chatriwal, 523
Chattrak, 51
Chattu-elupa, 1203
Chattu-mallika,
700-See: Mallika (varieties)
Chatukuppa, 935-See:Kuppa; Sadakuppa
Chatung, 1197
.
Chatura-mallikei, 835-See:Mallikei
i
Chaturkalli, 522-See: -Kalli
(varieties)
Chaul,877
Chaulai,89
Chaulia, 1078t--See: -Gorak~
chaulia
Chaulmoogra, 658; 1195
Chaulmugra, 600__.".Se~: -Small
chaulmugra; Mugra
Chauri, 473
Chavakayimaram, 1103
Chaval,877
Chavala, 1272
Chavdari ghevda, 461-See:Ghevda (varieties)
INDEX
Chavel-Ke-bhaji, 1000-See:Bhaji (varieties)

Chaviaka,964
Chavli, 90; 459; 1272-See:Dang-chavli
Chavli-kai, 420-See: -Kai or
Kayi ( varieties)
Chavya, 964
Chavyam, 964
Chaya,49
Chayapul, 104
Chaya-pula, 338
Chayaver, 869
Chay-beru, 610
Chaynd-potla, 1235-See:Potla (varieties)
Chayruka, 266
Chay-ver, 610
Chchangayi-See: Perichchangayi
Chebira, 933
Chebulic Myrobalan, 1205See: -Myrobalan
Ched~i,
698-See: -Tumbaicheddi; Yellu-cheddie; Kandarnani-cheddi
Cheekaya, 13
Cheen Karpooram, 250-See:
Karpooram; Karpoorancheena etc. (varieties)
Cheerakam, 408
Cheese, A/176; A/178
Cheeyakayi, 13-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Chehur, 184
Cheka-parni, 662-See:--Parni
(varieties)
Chekkikotuveri, 989-See: Kotuveri (varieties)
Chekoradi, 225
Chel-beey, 1181
Chelrneri, 163
Cheluppai-maram, 474
Chelwa, 633
Chemeli-See: -Chameli
Chemit Meeth, M/I09
Chemmaram, 58
Chemparavalli, 1283
755
Chempullanhi, 373
Chenchineerkilang, 716
Chendurakam, 278Chengeri tenga, 890-See:Tenga
Chengulva,1108
Chenkolam, 1227
Chennanayakam, 75
Chennangi, 723
Cheno, 653; 899
Cheppu neringie, 678-See:-Nerinji
Cheppunerinjal, 1054-See: Nerinjal (varieties)
Cheppunj erinj aI, 652
Cheppu vajaram, A/135-See:
-Vajaram (varieties) .
Cherailu, 1060
Cheraken, 396
Cheretta, 1186
Cheria, 165
Cherirnan Shertinamu, 375
Cherimoya, 115
Cherirnoyer, 115
Cheriveru, 610
Chermara, 1119
Cherorta, 717
Cher-ragaddhamu, 678
Cherry, 1016-See: -Bird
cherry; Black-cherry;
Wintercherry
Cherry pepper, 269-See:Pepper (varieties)
Cherry plum, 1014-See:Plum (varieties)
Cheruchu:p.da, 1149
Cheruku, 1083
Cheru-Nagapu, 792-See:Nagapu
Cherunarakam, 342-See:Narakam
Cherunaranga, 342-See:Narang
Cherunerinche, 1229-See:. Nerinche
Cheruparuva, 1134-8ee:Paru:va
756
THE
~DIAN
l\iATERIA MEDICA
See: Angur; Anjur; Jangli~

Cherupayar, 939-See: _,.
anjur
Payar
!
Chhotakanvar, 75-See: -Kan~
Cheru-peeram, 751--See:var (varieties)
Peeram
I
Chhota-kulpha, 1233-See:_
Cherupi-chhakam, 704
Kulpha
Cherupinnay, 237-See:Chhota Lunia, 1005-See:_
Pinnay
Lunia (varieties)
Cheru-pul1ate, 678-See:-Pullate
Chhota-pilu, 1092-See: -Pilu
Chliota sondal, 933-See:-Cherupuna, 236
Sondal
Cheruteku, 354
.
Chhote-kase, 108B-See:Chestnuts-See: -Indian
Kase (varieties)
Water-chestnut; Water
Chhoti-arni, 352-See:-Arni
Chestnut: Sweet-chestnuts
(varieties)
Chetain, 1055
Chhoti-dudhi, 529-See:Chethasahacharam, 174
Dudhi
Cheti-Potla, 1235-See: -Potla
Chhoti Elachi, 475-See:(varieties)
Elachi (varieties)
Chetni-marugu, 788-See::Chhoti Jungli pyaz, 1116-See:
Marugu
-Jungli-piyaz; piyaz
Chevaux defrise bean, 461(varieties)
See: -Bean (varieties)
Chhuhara, 943
Chevulapilli, 685
Chian, 486
Chewa, 486
Chian Turpentine Tree, 975Chha, 247-See: -Tapichha
See:-Turpentine tree
Chhagal-bati, 430
Chibudo-See: -KathaChhagalkhuri, 685
ehibudo
Chhagul-puputi, 523
Chichinda, 1234
Chhalgudi, 1260
Chichinga, 1234
Chhanho, 338
Chichonda, 1234--See:Chhatim,80
J angli-chichonda
Chhatiun, 80
Chaatra, (honey) A/192-See: Chichora, 1117-See:Chora; Amlina-chichora
-Honeys
Chichra, 222
Chhattri, 50
Chickana, 748
Chhibhar, 425
Chicken-pea, 311-See:-Pea
Chhikani, 299-Sea: -,Nakk(varieties) ..,
chhikni
Chickling Vetch, 726--See:Chhikika, 299
Vetch (varieties)
Chhikkur, 800
Chickwar,. 130
Chhip, A/145
Chicory, 313-See: -Wild
Chhipa, A/145
chicory
Chholongo nebu, 348-See:- Chidurarri, 396
Nebu (varieties)
Chiendent, 425
Chhota-Dudhilata, 596-See:- Chikali 20
Dudhialata
.. ,
'Chikan~, 1134
Chhota Jangli Anjur; -553- Chikanki, 433
r
, INDEX
Chikka Bevu, 784-See: Bevu (varieties)

Chlkkana, 299
Chikku, 20
Chlkkudu-See: -Karuchikkudu
Chlkmimati, M/7-See: -Mati
(varieties)
Chikni-See:-N akchikni
Chj.kni mitti, M/6-See:-Mitti
(varieties)
Chikri, 225
Chlkti, 1251
Chil, 958
Chllakathotakura, 91-See:Kura (varieties)
Chilara, 281
Chilauni, 1114
Chilgoza, 957
Chili ragha, 3-See:-Ragha
Chilla, 281; 532
Chilla-Chett\l, 1181
Chillara, 283
Chilli, 282-See:-Bird's eye
chilli; Purple chilli
Chillies, 270-See: -Chilli
Chitta, 448
Chilta-tumiki, 454-See:Tumiki
Chiluchi, 695
Chimanchara, 111-See:Chara; Kasschara
Chimani-See: -Ranchimani
Chimar, 282
Chimnati, 680
Chimpigyan hullu, 896
Chimul, 1060
Chimurudu, 225
China, 451; 898; 1253-See:
-Shuk-china
China-alIa, 1143-See:-Alla
China box, 821
.
China day, M/7-See:-Clay;
Porcelain clay
.
China-dulogondi, 1226-See:Dulogondi
Chinaghas, 570; 1299-See:Ghas (varieties)
757
Chinaigas, 591-See:-Ghas
(varieties)
Chinai-ghas, 571-See: -Ghas
(varieties)
Chinai-gond, 1025-See:Gond
Chinai-katha, 1254-See:Katha
Chinaisalita, 973-See: -Salita
China (or Chinese) musk,
A/197-See: -Musk
(varieties)
China or Chinese Rose, 630See:-Rose (varieties)
China-pairu, 1143-See:Pairu
China-paivu, 1143-See:Paivu
China root, 1143
China Rose-See: -China rose
Chinaru, 1013
Chinch, 1191-See: -Gorakhchinch
Chincharti, 1150
Chinchino, 433
Chinchoka, 1191
Chin-chulan, 308
Chindar, 389
Chinduga-See: -Simachinduga
Chinduvaram, 1278-See:Varam (varieties)
Chinee badam 121-See:Badam (varieties)
Chinese Beans, 1272-See:Beans (varieties)
Chinese Blistering fly, A/20o
-See: -Blistering-fly
Chinese Cassia, 328-See:Cassia (varieties)
Chinese Flower Plant. 892
Chinese gooseberry, 164-See:
-Gooseberry (varieties)
Chinese honey-suckle, 1046See: -Honey-suckle
Chinese isinglass, .A/135-See:
American and Japanese isinglass; Isinglass
758
Chinese Moon-creeper, 892- Chipuru-tige, 362-See: -Tige

(varieties)
See:-Moon-creeper
Chinese orange, 339-sde:- Chir, 958
Chiraita, 1184
Orange (varieties)
Chirakam-See: -KarinChinese Rose-See: -Rose;
China rose (varieties) ,
chirakam
Chinese Yam, 449-See:-Yam Chirambola, 163
Chiraputi, 1301
(varieties)
Chinesishe Baumwollenstaude, Chirati; 820
Chirauli, 221
591
Chin Fruit tree, 846
Chirayata-See:-KaduChingam-butai, 846-See:-chirayata
Chirayita, 717
Butai
Chirchira, 21
Chingati, A/212
Chircholi, 1264
Chingri, A/212
Chireedam, 15
Chin-heang, 120
Chini-See:-Chabchini; Reva- Chireta, 573; 1184
chini; Revalchini; Revan- Chiretta, 101; 573; 1184-See:
chini;
Revandchini;
Re-Ava-chiretta; Chotawandchini; Shenchini; Kabchiretta
Chirgas, 616
\
ab-chini; Ladakirevandachini;
Sittalchini;
Hari- Chirgond, 958-See: -Gond
(varieties)
nashuk-chini
Chiribenda, 1134-See:Chinikalabanda, 75-See:Benda (varieties)
Kalabanda
Chinikayi, 407-See: -Kai or Chirika, 221
Chiriyari, 1251
Kayi (varieties)
Chirkualathi, 889
Chinipal-See: -Rival-chin ipal; Trevalchinippal
Chirmi, 163
Chironji, 221
Chinka, 994
Chin-khing-kai, 1095-See:- Chiror, 191
Chirphal, 1303
Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Chir Pine, 957-See:-Pine
Chinna, M/22
( varieties)
Chinni, 17-See:-NattuChirpoti, 1301
ireval-chinni
Chirroji, 221
Chinni-ka Jhar, 17
Chirval, 610
Chino, 898; 899
Chirvite, 402
Chinola, 282
Chita, 990:-See:-BaraChinta-See: -Seemachinta;
Kukurchita;
Kukurchita;
Simaechinta; Pallachinta;
Lal-chita; Rakto-chita
Uchchinta
Chitabansa, 691--=-See: -Bansa
Chinta-pandu, 1191
Chita:ka-maraku, 568-See:Chinturam, M/8S
Maraku'
Chintz, 1191
Chi tar, 1164
Chin-wu-Ian, 254
Chitaro, 990
Chipkuli, A/165
'Chitawala, 1125
Chippagaddi, 104
.'-.' '_
Chitawer, 990
INDEX
759
Chitti:'papara, 335-See:
Papara (varieties)
Chittira, 990
Chittira,-mulam, 990
Chittmani, 1065
Chittramulam shivappu, 989See: -Shivappu-chittramulam
Chittur-mol, 989
Chitu, 353
Chivakaver, 691
Chivan-Avelpori, 1050-See:-Avelpori
Chivan melpodi, 1050-See
Melpodi
Chlorides-See: -Acylchlorides
Chlorate of Sodium-See:Sodium chlorate
Chob-chinae, 1143
Chobah-See:-Zard chobah
Chobchini, 1143:-See:-Barichobchini
Chocolate tree, 1214
Chocolathgas, 1214
Chodhara, 114
~erra-chitramulam
Chodhari, 1284
Chitramulam-shivappuChohsha-makn, 282
See: -Shivappu-chitraChojharr, 865
mulam
Chokargond, 380-See: -Gond
Chitrapala, 335-See: -Pala
( varieties)
(varieties)
Chokha, 877
Chitrapathrika, 739
Chokhota tela, 1126
Chitra-tandula,
478-See:- Chola, 311; 459
Tandula (varieties)
Cholam-See::-Makka-cholam
Chitravalli, 1075
Chomasana rata, A/206
Chitruk, 990
Choontoo-munnoo, M/101Chittamanakku, 106S-See:See:-MuImoo
Chopra, 520
Amanakku (varieties)
Chopri-alu, 450-See: -Alu
Chittamratam, 356-See:Chora, 113-See: -Chichol'a;
Amratam (varieties)
Amlina-chichora
Chittamutti, 926--See:Chorivalli,
818
Amutti
Chor-nimbu, 160-See:Chitta-ratta, 77
Nimbu (varieties)
Chitta-rattai, 77
Chorpata, 725
See:-Ratta or Rattai
Chosi, 1063
Chitteenth, 945
Chot abut, 311
Chithamalli, 446--See:Malli (varieties)

Chiti, 990
Chiti-Anab, 722-See: -Anab
Chitiful, 617
Chitimutti, 1134-See: -Mutti
(varieties)
Chltke, 1251
Chitloo-Bhusmoo, M/91-See:
-Bhusmoo
Chitquimitqui, 420
Chitra, 187; 189; 465; 988;
990-See: -Lal-chitra;
Rakto-chitra
Chitrak, 990
Chitraka, 988; 990-See: Raktachitraka; Tambdichitraka
989-See: Chitrakamerah,
s
Amerah
Chitrakshupa, 739-See: ' Shupa; Shing-shupa
Chitramula, 990-See: -Bilaychitramula; Kempu-chitramula
Chitra-mulam, 990-See:-
760
Chota-chand, 1050-See:Chand
Chota-chiretta, 485-See:Chiretta (varieties)
Chota Elaichi, 475-See:Elachi or Elaichi (varieties)
Chota Ghaial, 55-See:Ghaial (varieties)
Chota-gokhru, 1229, 1297-See:
-Gokhru (varieties)
Chota-jangli-anjur-See: Jangli angur
Chota-jhunjhun, 394-See:Jhunjhunia; Jhunjhun
Chota-kalkusha, 739-See:Kalkusha
Chota Kanval, 859-See:Kanval
Chota-kirayat, 485-See:Kirayat (varieties)
Chota lasora, 380-See:Lasora (varieties)
Chotee Lanu, 1183-See:Lanu
Choti elachi, 475-Elachi
(varieties)
Chotimain, 1193-See: -Barimain; Main; Magiya-main
Chotokulpa, 1233-See:Chhota-kulpha; Kulpa
, Chovanna Khaskhasa chcheti,
901-See:-KhasEl1asa
chcheti
Chowan, 282
Chowli, 1272
Chowriajwan, 351-See:Ajwan (varieti~s)
Chrita, 573
Chua, 87, A/206-See:Kedari-chua
Chua-marsa, 89-See:';_Marsa
Chuaru, 1014
,
Chubah-See: -Serd-chubah
Chucka, 395
Chuk, 1079-See: -Dhurchuk;
Hatichuk
Chuka, 1080
Chuka-bija, 1079
.'''''I
Chukander, 197
Chuka-palam, 1079
Chukha, 890
Chukka, 1309
Chukkah, 1079
Chuko, 87; 89
Chukra,
1080-See:-Shula_
vedhi-chukra
Churika, 890
Chula-juti, 821
Chule-See: -Zamb-chule
Chulika lavana, M/ll-See:Lavana (varieties)
Chulu, 1013
Chumbaka, Ml55
Chumkat, 446
'Chumlani, 1142
Chun, M/42; 44
Chuna, M/42; 44-See:Kalika-chuna; Vilati-chuna
Chunam, M/44
Chunambu, M/42-See:Nambu (varieties)
Chunch, 377-See:-Motichunch.
Chunchdo, 377
Chundrus, 1265
Chuniagond, 222-See:Gond (varieties)
Chunnambu, M/44-See:Seemaychunnambu;
Nambu (varieties)
Chunnampuvalli, 1283
Chunno, M/44
Chuno, M/42
Chupra, 835
Churan, 1317
Churi, 178-See:-Nattaichuri
",
Churiki-See: -Kudal-churiki
Churna, 1317-18; M/40; M/42
Chusal, M/I03
Chuta, 764-See: -Manchuta
Chutha-kanni.
759-See:Kanni (varieties)
Chutrika, 1079
Chuvanna Kodalavanakku,
707
INDEX
Chuvanna-Mandaram, 184See: -Mandaram

Cikura, lOll-See: -Kura
(vareties)
Cimra, 938
Cinchona, 315--See: -Wild
cinchona
.
Cinchqna bark, 315
Cinnabar,
M/72-See:-Bar
(varieties)
Cinnamon, 328-See: -Cassia
cinnamon; country cinnamon
Cinosternon pennsylvanianum,
A/202
Citrate of potassium, M/89See: -Potassium-citrate
Citron, 348
Citronella, 110
Civet Cat, A/234-See: -Cat
Clarified butter, A/179-See:Butter (varieties)
Clarified honey, A/195-See:
-Honey (varieties)
Claw-See:-Wol claw
Clay,M/6; M/94-See:-China
clay; Porcelain clay; Pipeclay
Clearing-nut tree, 1181
Cleome-See: -Sticky cleom('
Cleome-a-cing-feuiles, 351
Cleome-de-inde, 350
Climbing perch, A/214-See:
-Perch
Clitore-de-Ternate, 354
Clitoria-See: -Winged leaved
clitoria
Cloves, 835--See: -Sweet
cloves
Clubmoss Spores, 758-See:Spores
.
Clusia eluteria, A/203
Cluster bean, 420-See:Beans (varieties)
Cluster-fig, 548-See: -Fig
(varieties)
Cobal-See:-Gum cobal
Cobra-See: -Black cobra;
49
761
Pao-de-cobra
Cobra lily-See: -Common
cobra lily; Lily
Cobra's Saffron, 792-See:Saffron (varieties)
Cobra-venom, A/218-See:Snake-venom; Venom
Cocae folio-See: -Folio cocae
Coca Plant, 510
Cocco, 148
Cochineal, Cochineal insect, A/155--See:
-Black cochineal;
Silver
cochineal
Cochinil purugu, A/155--See:
.;_Purugu
Cochin or Malabar grass, 424
Cochin Turmeric, 413-See:Turmeric (varieties)
Cock (domestic), A/162-See:
-Peacock
Cock's comb, 90
Cocoa, 1214
Coooanut-See:-Sea-cocoanut
Cocoanut Palm, 363-See:Palm (varieties)
Coco-de-mer, 749
Cocomaram, 1214
Cocoon-See: -Silk
cocoon;
-Raw silk Cocoon
Cocotier, 363
Cocumber, sharp-cornered,
751-See:--Shar~cornered
cocumber
Codi, A/15S-See: -Perunday
codi
Coffee, 365-See: -Negro
coffee
Cola, 458
Collvrium-See: -Golden col-
lyrium
Colocasie de I-Inde, 372
Colocynth, 335-See: -Hill
colocynth
Common asparagus, 153-See:
-Asparagus
Common Bead tree, 784-See:
-Bead tree
762
THE INDIAN :MATERIA 1'I'lEDICA
Common Beet, 197-See:Beet (varieties)

Common Cobra Lily, 137--See:
-Cobra lily; Lily (varieties)
Common cress--See:-Wlatercress; Cress (varieties)
Common Cucumber, 403-See:
-Cucumber (varieties)
Common French Bean, 942See: -French Bean; Bea.'1
(varieties)
Common-fumitory, 560-See:
-Fumitory
Common Garden Hibiscus, 630
-See: -Garden
Hibiscus;
Hibiscus; Edible hibiscus
Common gram, 311-See:Gram (varieties)
Common Indian Mustard, 215
. -See:-Indian mustard;
Mustard (varieties)
Common Indian parselane,
1005-See: -Indian parselane; Parselane (varieties)
Common Indian Partridge, 213
--See: -Indian
Partridge;
Partridge (varieties)
Common-lora, A/138; A/155See:-Iora
Common Kidney Bean, 942-;See: -Beans (varieties)
Common Malabar nut, 715See: -Malabar-nut
Common Mallow, 763-See:Mallow (varieties)
Common Marjoram, 875-See:
-Marjoram (varieties)
Common Milk Hedge, 524See:-Hedge; Milk hedge
Common Millet, 898-See:Millet (varieties)
Common orange, 339r-See:Orange (varieties,)
Common Oyster shell, A/211
--See: -Oyster-shell; shell
(varieties)
Common Pepper, 969--:See:'_:_
Pepper (varieties)",-
Common plum, 1015-See:_

Plum (varieties)
Common sage, 1094-See:_
Sage (varieties)
Common salt, 109-See:-Salt
(varieties)
Common stinging nettle, 1258:
-See:-Nettle; stinging nettle
Common Wagtail, A/205-See:
-Wagtail
Common or Water-cress, 736See:-Water-cress; cress
( varieties)
Conch, A/164
Conch-shell, A/164-See:Shell (varieties)
Conch Shell Ash, A/165-See~
-Shell ash; Ash (varieties),
Concombre Serpent, 402-See:
-Serpent
Condensed milk, A/175-See:
-Milk (varieties)
Conessi or Tellicherry Bark~
634
Congopea, 231-See:-Pea
(varieties)
Conrew, 555
Conron Mooli, 556
Copal tree--See:-Indian
copal tree
Copper, M/4 7
Copper acetate, M/52-See:Basic copper acetate Crude
coppersulphate
Copperas: -See Green copperas; White copperas; Blue
copperas ,"j
Copperas of Commerce, Mj63
-See: -Blue Copperas
Copper are, lVI/49.-See:-Ore
(varieties)
Copper powder, M/49
Copper' pyrite, M/66--See:Pyrites {varieties)
Copper Silajit, M/23-See:Silajit (varieties)
Coque-du-Levant, 360
INDEX
Copper-sulphate-See:Crude copper-sulphate;
Basic copper-acetate
Copra-See: -Bishcopra
Coquinha, 719
Corail, A/156
Coral, A/156
Coralleum rubrum, A/209
Corallo, A/156
Coral tree, 708-See: -Indian
coral tree
Corchore Capsulaire, 377
Cordia rum phil, A/203
Coriander, 381-See:Gemeinar coriander
Coriander cultive, 381
Corkwood, 633
Corn-See:-Sweet corn;
Egyptian corn; Evergreen
Sweet corn; Indian corn;
Spanish corn; Sweet corn
Corn-millet-See: -Millet
Broom-corn millet
Comsetic box, 821
Costus, 1108
Costus elegant, 385; 1108
Coti-mundi, 1163-See:Mundi (varieties)
Cotonnier des nonnes, 591
Cotonnier Herbace, 587
Cottoiner de l' Inde, 588
Cotton-See: -Devil's cotton;
Yellow-flowered cotton; Slikcotton ,tree
Cotton-plant-See: -Indian
cotton plant; Indian tree-.
cotton; Tree cotton
Cottonnier arborescent, 586
Couch grass, 56; 425
Country borage, 371-See:Borage
.
Country cinnamon, 332-See:
-Cinnamon (varieties)
Country Fig-tree, 548-See:Fig (varieties)
Country goose-berry, 163See: -Goose-berry
(varieties)
763
Country Ipecacuanha, 842See: -Ipecacuanha

(varieties)
Country-mallow, 8; 763; 1134;
1137-See:-Mallow
(varieties)
Country Nutmeg, 834-See:Nutmeg; Malabar-nutmeg
CoUntry Sarsaparilla, 619See:-Sarsaparilla
(varieties)
Country Senna, 288--See: Senna (varieties)
Country Spinach, 197--See:Spinach (varieties)
Cour-ka-namak, M/I0l-See"
-Namak; Jhas-ka-namak
Covannamilpori, 1050-See:Milpori
Cow, A/146
Cow-gram, 459-See: -Gram
(varieties)
Cow-hage, 818--See: -Hage
Cowitch Plant, 818
Cow-pea, 459; 1272--See:Pea (varieties)
Cow-plant-See: -Ceylon
cowplant
Cowrie, A/158--See:-Red
cowries; white cowries;
yellow cowries
Cowrie-fruit-See: -Wild
cowrie-fruit
Cowry, A/158--See: -Cowrie
(varieties)
Crab, A/217
Crab-apple, 1039-See:Apple (varieties)
Craie,~ M/41
Crane-See:-Indian Crane
Crane Tree, 375
Craunro, 459
Cream, A/176
Cream-butter, A/176-See: _,.._
Butter (varieties)
Creat, 101
Creeper-See: -Red creeper ;
764
Creeping panic grass, 425See: -Panic grass

Cress,
736-See: -Commoncress; Para cress; Watercress
Cretae, M/41
I
Crocodile, A/158-See:-Nile
crocodile
Crocodi1us vulgaris, A/202
Crotalaire Jonciforme, 392
Crotalin, A/228
Croton-See:-Puxgative
croton
Croton oil, 396
Croton-oil seed 396
Crow, A/158
Crude borax, M/I03-See:Borax
Crude carbonate of Soda,
M/IOI-See:-Soda carbonate; Carbonate of soda
Crude copper sulphate or copper acetate, M/52-See:Basic copper acetate; Copper
sulphate
Crude Ferrous Sulphate M/S3
--See:-Ferrous sulphate
Crystal carbonate, MlIOI
Crystalline, MllOl
Cubebs, 400
Cuckoo, A/ISO
Cucumber:-See:-Bitter
cucumber; Common-cucumber
Cuivre, M/47
Cultivated parsnip, 923-See:Parsnip
Cumal-See:-NHacumal
Cumbu,930
Cumin-See:-BJack-cumin;
Cumin seed; Cumin-officinal
Cumin noir, 854
Cumin officinal, 408-See:Cumin (varieties)
Cumin seed, 408-See:-Black
cumin
~
Cumma-See:-Kemn,.u..cumma
Cundung-katric, 1156
.-
Cura, 634
Curcuma long, 415
Curcuma starch, 413--See:_
Cupid's flower. 690
Starch
Curd, A/176
Curd of milk:--See:-Kilataka
Curdled milk, A/176-See:Milk (varieties)
Curo,634
Currants I064-See:-Bengal
currants; Red currants
Curry-leaf tree, 195
Cuscus grass, 109
Cusso, 213
Custard Apple, 116-See:Apple varieties); Bullock's'
heart; True custard apple of
America
Cuttle-fish bone, A/210-See:
-Fish bone
Cyperus-See:-Indian
cyperus
Cyrovenne, 784
Daanachettu, 631
Dab,504
Dabali, 8
Dabiduba, 695
Dabi-dulea, 1299
Dabra, 1256
Dabur, 302
Dadam, 1032
Dadamardana, 283; 291
Dadamari, 695
Dabarbootie, "'91
Daddala, 273-See:-Ala;
Ramala
Daddipashanum;- M/21-See:Pashanum (varie~ies)
Daddupan, 291-See:-Pan
( varieties)
Daddupana, 283--See:-Pana
(varieties)
Dadhiphala, 407; 535
Dadhuri, 548
INDEX
Dadi, 673
Dadima, 1032
Dadima-phalam, 1031-See:Phalam (varieties)
Dad-ka-patta, 283-See:Patta (varieties)
Dadmari, 91; 283-See:-Mari
(varieties)
Dadmurdan,283
Dadrughna, 283
Dadumari, 1299-See:-Mari
(varieties)
Daevakanchanamu, 184See:-Kanchan (varieties)
Daffadilla, 622
Dagadi, 362
Dagadi jowars, 1161-See:J owars (varieties)
Dahan, 1221
Dahana, 1221
Dahara, 226
Dahar-karanja,
100l-See:Karanja (varieties)
Dahee, A/179
Daheri, 1295
Dahipalas, 380-See:-Palas
Dahua, 147
Daivapal, 80-See:-Pal (varieties)
Dak, 106!}-:.See:-Zardak
Dakachru, 1113
Dakha, 1285
Dakrabo, 657
Daku, 935
Dalchin-See:-Jangli
dalchin
Dalchini, 328; 331; 333-See:-Dalchin; Kadu-dalchini
Dali-See:-Neladali
Dalim, 1032
Dalima, 1032
Dalimb, 1032
Dalimba, 1032
Dalimbay, 1032
Dalimbu-hannu, 1032
Dalla-See:-Vata-dalla
Dalme, 557
Damahan, 534
765
Damana, 594
Damani:-See:-Nagadamani
Daman-paper, 869
Damar-See:-Nalha damar;
Vellai-damar; Kala-damar;
. Karappu-damar; Karuppudamar; Nalhadamar; SaIed:..
damar; Vellaidamar.
Damara, 84.-4---See:-Asokadamara
Damaru-See:-Dupadamaru; Tella-damaru
Damask Rose, 1072-See:Rose (varieties)
Dambin, 730
Damdavlo, 556
Dampel,568
Damer-See:-Black druner
Dammer tree-See:-White
dammer tree
Damula-See:-Natka damula.
Damula akhavena hindi, 1025
-See:-Hindi (varieties)
Dana-See:-Bozidana; Bedana; Behidana; Bihidana;
Khasakdana;
Mishk-dana;
Mushak-dana; Mushk-dana;
Shakar-dana;
Shukadana;
Undana; Hazardana; Kaladana; Kasturidana; Kehetara-ubal-dana.
Dana, A/146
Danadalio - See:-Thoradanadalio
Danah--See:-Siyah-danah
Danaha, A/155
Dand, 108; 396
Danda-See:-Tid-danda
Da.l1dalonbin, 811
Dandan-i-Ie1, A/160
Druldelion, 1195
Dandenahri, 705
Dandusa, 431
Dangar, 407; 877
Dang-chavli, 462-See:Chavli
Dangri, 231-See:-Deodangri
Daniu, 680
Dan-kilayiwai, 291
Dankuni, 263
I
Dant, 88-See:-Hathidant
Danta-See:-Hastidanta
Danti, 166; 395-See:-Naga. danti; Nagdanti; Vajradanti
Dantikurra-See:-Esakadantikurra; Kurra (varieties)
Dantimul, 166; 708
Danti-nana, 708
Daorokhat-e-nila, 68l-See:Nila (varieties),
Dapoli, 609
Dara, 723-See:-Vardara
Darak-See:-Vriddhadarak
Daraka-See:-Vriddhadaraka
Darakhate-palasha, 222-See:
-Palasa (varieties)
Darakhte-gulchakane-sahrai,
179
Darakhte-shanah, 8
Darakhte-teri, 209
Darakht-i-miswak, 1092
Darakte-bang, 256
Darakte-nar, 1032
Daraserda, 415
Darasini, 328
Darayai-See:-N arjil-iDarayai
Darbh, 504
Darbuje, 338
Darchini-See:-J anglidarchini
Darebanki, 1263
Daree, 1031
'Darehuli, 164-See:-Huli
(varieties)
Darehuter, 680
Darejhapak, 1117
Dare Kudrum, 628
Dareorsa, 374
Darfilfil, 965-See:-Fil-filadaraz i
Darhalad, 189-See:-Halad
(varieties)
..
Dar-hald, 187-See:-'lIalad
(varieties)
.,,_,.
"
Dar-haldi, 187-See:-Haladi
(varieties)
Dari, 1031-See:-Bhui-dari;
Devadari; Devdari .
Dariajai, 352-See:-J ai
(varieties)
Darianujhad, 629
Daridah-See:-Thikamdaridah
Darigummadi, 1031-See:-=Gummadi (varieties) .
Darim, 1032
Darimba, 1031
Daroya, 103-See:-HandiDaroya
Darshishaan, 828
Darsuk, 594
Daru, 1032-See:-Badradaru;
Jaldaru; Pitadaru; Siyahdaru; Sura-daru
Daruchini, 328-See :-Chini
(varieties)
Darudi, 133
Daruhalad, 187-See:-Halad
(varieties)
DaruharidI:a, 187-See:Halad; Haridra (varieties)
Daru-haridrakam, 384-See:Haridra; Halad (varieties)
Darulawana, M/88-See:Lavana (varieties)
Darumucha, M/15
Darunaj-akhrabi, 464
Darunaj-akrabi, 463
Darunaj-i-akrabi, 463
Darunaphula, 739
Daruri, 133
Darvi, 187; 1$84
Darya-ka-kaf, A/210
Daryaka-Nariyal, 749-See:Nariyal
Darya-ki-gas, or pachi, 591See:--:Pachi (varieties)
Dasamuli, 430-See:-Muli
(varieties)
Dasani, 631
Dasanige, 631
Dasi, 176
INDEX
Dasta, M/130
Dastam Haryah, 764
Dasun, 631
Dates--See:-Assuli dates;
Edible-date; Idu1-shahi
dates; Khasoon-dates; Lohardates; Luni-kharkun dates;
Small-dates; Thottiar-dates;
Vanpakyun-dates; Wild-date
Date Sugar Palm, 946-See:Palm (varieties)
Dathir, 434
Datir, 548
Dattelpahn, 943-See:-Pahn
(varieties)
Dattura, 434-See:-Kanakadattura; Tattu-dattura
Datturi, 133
Datturi-gida, 133
Datura fatesux, 434
Datura-See:-Feringeedatura
Datyuni, 80
Dau-See:-Thanat-dau
Davala, 922-See:-Ala
(varieties)
Davanpada, 580-See:-Pada
(varieties)
Davna, 143
Dawaka-jlmr, 457; 467
Dawano--See:-Pardesidawano
Dawoon,776
Dawoon-Nambu, 776-S~:N ambu (varieties)
Dawoopungah-gah, 662
Daye, 612
Deadly Nightshade, 160-See:
Nightshade (varieties)
Debra, 1255
Deccan Grass, 897
Deccan hemp, 628-See:Hemp (varieties)
Decorticated pepper, 969See:-Pepper (varieties)
Deepyaka, 1028
D~rghavraksha, 363
767
Deer horn, A/152-See:Horn (varieties)

Dehi, 342
Delumgaha, 1032
Dendlu, 673
Dengua,88
Dentelaire de Ceylon, 990
Dentilaire Rose, 988
Deodangri, 753-See:-Dangri
Deodar, 295; 296-See:-Pinus
deodara
Deodari, 294
Deo-dhan, 1160-See:-Dhan
(varieties)
Deokapas, 207-See:-Kapas
(varieties)
Deokati,90
Dephali, 848
Derivatives of toluene, A/204
-See:-Toluene
Deshi-badam, 1205-See:Badam; Badama (varieties)
Deshi gowar, 420-See:Gowar (varieties)
Deshomaricha, 270-See:Maricha (varieties)
Desi-badam, 1205-See:Badam; Badama (varieties)
Desi or Chalk kumrha, 18S-See:-Kumra (varieties)
Desi Mattar, 976-See:Mattar
Desman, A/202
Devadari, 294--See:-Dari
(varieties)
Devadarom, 1225
Devadaru, 295; 296; 997-See:
-Daru (varieties)
Devadarum, 512
Devakadu, 1173-See:-Kadu
(varieties)
Deva-kando, 1190-See:Kanda (varieties)
Devakeli, 255--See:-Keli
(varieties)
Devakusumum, 835
Devataram, 295
768
Devdari, 295--See:'-Dari
(varieties )
Devil's apples 76~:
Apples (varieties)
Devil's Claw, 771-See:Claw; Wolf-claw
Devil's Cotton, 4-See:-Cotton (varieties)
Devil's testicle, 226--See:Testicles of a sheep or goat
Dev Kapas, 586--See:-Kapas
(varieties)
Dha,1295
Dhadhan, 1129-See:-Dhan
(varieties)
Dhadsal, 594-See:-Sal
(varieties)
Dhai, 1295
Dhaincha, 1129-See:-Cha
Dhaiphul, 1295
Dhakta sheral, 999-See:Sheral
Dhakur, 302
Dhala-tulasi, 861-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Dhalim, 1031
Dhaman, 298; 594; 929
Dhamani, 593; 594
Dhamargava, 751
Dhamasa, 533; 611
Dhamaso; 534
Dhamini, 615
Dhamnee, 1007
Dhamni, 1006
Dhan, 877-See:-Deo-clhan;
Kodoa-dhan; Dhadhan
Dhana, 381-See:-Ooshadhana; Ushadhana
Dhan-barua, 1050-See:Barua
Dhane, 381
Dhanghi-Khad, 130-Se~:
Khad
Dhania, 381-See:-Nepalldhania
Dhanmarna, 1050
..
Dhano, 381
Dhanrhas, 629
~
Dhanurvriksha, 594
Dhanvayas, 533
Dhanya, 877
Dhanyaka, 381
Dhara, 222
Dharakadamba, See:Kadamba (varieties) .
Dhara-kadambo, 843-See:Kadambo
Dharama,533
Dharkalambu, 843-See:Kalambu
Dhar-karela, 807....:.see:Karela
Dharmana, 593; 594
Dharmar, 1168
Dharu, 730-See:-Alphajana
Dharu
Dharujakaur, 843-See:Kaul'
Dharuli, 849
Dharwal'-American, 587
Dhasera, 457
Dhataki, 1295
Dhathal'i-Jargi, 1295-See:Jargi
Dhatoira, 434
Dhatri-See:-Bhuta-dhatri
Dhatriphal, 176
Dhatri-pha'la, 480
Dhatura-See:-Firangheedhatura; Kala-dhatura;
Pila-dhatura; Sada-dhatura
Sidah-dhatura; Safed-dhatura; Krishna-dhatura
Dhaturaghas, 770
Dhaturamu, 434;
Dhaun, 1032
Dhaura, 375; 1317
Dhauri, 1295; 129,6
Dhauta, 1295
Dhavaffa, 375
Dhavadina, 1295
Dhavala,375; 749
Dhavani, 391
Dhavekaneri, 848-See:Kaneri
r-INDEX
Dhavidek goli, 545-See:-Goli

(varieties)
Dhayatis, 1295
Dhed-Umbro, 550-See:Umbro
Dheman, 594
Dhendshi, 338
Dhengali, 898
Dhengli, 899; 900
Dheniani, 868
Dhera,58
Dheras, 1
Dherasa, 1237
Dhoah, M/91
Dhoban, 594
Dhobi's earth, M/IOl-See:Earth (varieties)
Dhoi-huvi-khari, M/6-See:Khari (varieties)
Dhol, 743
Dholapata, 373--See:-Pata
{varieties)
Dhola samudrika, 733-See:Samudrika
Dholshumoodra, 733-See:Shumoodra
Dhonda, 355
Dhoop-See:-Visheshadhoop
.
Dhoopam-See:-Konkanadhoopam
Dhopkammi, 624-See:Kamma. (varieties)
Dhop-rai, 213-See:-Rai
(varieties )
Dhotari, 434-See Ari
(varieties)
Dhotra-See:-Kanta-dhotra
Dhrow, 103
Dhud-kalmi, 691-See:-Kalmi
(varieties)
Dhuli puspika, 894-See:Puspika (varieties)
Dhumarsmi, 77
Dhumparastma, 77
Dhumpa-See:-Peddadhumpa
Dhumpa-ruku, 1265
769
Dhumra-patra, 138
Dhuna, 253; 1132
Dhundul, 752
Dhup, 57; 254; 713-See:Guggula-dhup; Hasan-dhup;
Mandadhup;
Pahadi-dhup;
Raldhup; Salsel-dhup;
Vishesh-dhup
Dhupa, 1298-See:-Bagadhupa; Madde-dhupa
Dhupadamara, 1265
Dhup gugal, 713-See:-Gugal
Dhup-gugali, 211-See:Gugali
Dhup-maram, 1265
Dhurapan, 850-See:-Pan
(varieties)
Dhurchuk, 633-See:--Chuk
Dhurra-See:-Syrian dhurra
J)hustoora, 434
Dhutura, 434
Dhuve Salaka, 859-See:Salaka
Diamant, Mil
Diamond, Mil
Dibaka, 379
Dibi-See:-Libi-dibi
Dicotyles torquatus,' A/202
Dihan, 529
Dihu Minguta, 524-See:Minguta.
Dikamali, 569
Dikmali, 569
Dill, 935-See:-Garter-di11
Dill Seed, 935
Dilpasant, 338
Dimba, A/162
Dimeri, 548
Dinda, 733
Dindisa, 1237
Dindlu, 375
Dinduga, 375
Dingsa, 957
Dingsa Pine, 957-See:-Pine
(varieties)
Ding Solir, 828-See:-Solir
Dino,733
Dinohi, 923
770
Dintana, 354-See:-Tana
Dodhali, 1160
Diono, 1167
Dodhi, 465
Dioxide-See:-SiliconDodi-nimbu, 160-See:dioxide
Nimbu (varieties)
Dipmal, 735
Dodka, 751
Dirgha-patola, 752-See:Doduchallu, 379
Patola (varieties)
Dog-bush, 201
Dirghapatra, 1301
Dog grass, 425
Dirisana, 60-See:-Sana
Dog mustard, 351-See:-(varieties)
Mustard (varieties)
Disulphide arsenic-See:Dogwood, 520
Arsenic disulphide
Dojar, 702
Dita-bark, 80
Dolic-a-deux leurs, 458
Dolic bulbuex, 459
Dittany-See:-Bastard
dittany
Dolic catjang, 459
Diva, 1190
Dolic en form de fevis, 466
Dolic lig neux, 461
Divallmuli, 202-See:-Muli
(varieties)
Dolic tres petit, 462
Dolimoola, 1149-See:-Moola
Diveli, 1065
Diver, A/213
, (varieties)
Divya, 865
Dolo shemalo, 505
Diwal, 535
Domba, 236
Diyamitta, 334
Domestic animal, A/140
Dock-See:-Sour dock; Yel- Domestic cock-See:-Cock;
low dock; Bladder-dock
Peacock
Dona-See:-Nagadona
Dodak, 1159-See:-DudaiKulfa-dodak
Dondatiga, 300-See:-Tiga
DOOda, 177
(varieties)
Donda-See:-Nagadonda
Doddamani, 56
Doddamaradarsina, 187-See: Donhula Balashana, 171
Donne menashinakai, 270-Marada-arasina~ Arasina
( varieties)
See:-Menashinakai; Kai
Doddaneggilu, 926-See:(varieties)
Aneneggilu; Neggilu;
Dodee-pala, 891-See:-Pala
Kennegilu
(varieties)
Dodda nimbe hannu, 34s.-:-See: Dondatiga-See:-Tiga
-Nimbe-hannu
( varieties)
Doddapatri, 113
Doodhee, 891 ')
Doola-goonda, 817
Doddatagache, 289-See:Tagache
Doomoor, 545
Dodda-yalakki, 93-See:Door,ahuria, 932
Doorva, 425
Yalakhi; Yalakki-balli
Dodder, 419
Doorwa, 425
Dopahariya, 932
Doddupan-See:-Pan
. (varieties)
Dopatilata, 685; 689
Dosekaya, 403
Dodee-pala-See:-Pala
(varieties)
01
Dosrai-See :-Pedda-dosrai
DOOhak, 469; 529
.
Dosul,371
I ...
.-
,-"
INDEX
Dosulay, 797
Dotwan, 948
Double bean, 938-See:Beans (varieties)
Douce--See:-Truffie douce
Douna, 592-See:-Nagadouna
Doutha, M/52
Dove-See:-Green dove
Dowan-See:-Nagdowan
Dowdola, 556
Dowdowla, 556
Dowla, 1255
Downa-See:-Nagdowna
Dragon's blood, 233-See:Blood
Dragon's eye, 846
Drakahya, 1285
Drake, A/143
Drak or Drakh, 1285-See:Gidad-drak; J angli-drakh
Drakht-i-badinja, 363
Draksha, 1285-See:Randraksh
Draksha-pondu, 1285
Drakshi, 1285
Drammaha, 533
Dravaka, M/55
Dreilappige Bohne, 942
Drek, 784.
Drhakht-narejile, 363
Dried alum, M/6-See:Alumburnt; Burnt alum;
Alum (varieties)
Dried catkins, 965-See:Catkins
Drik, A/167
Drikri, 1285
Dronapushpi, 739; 740-See:.Pushpi (varieties)
Dronilavana, M/I09-See:Lavana (varieties)
Droni-uppu, M/I09-See:U ppu (varieties)
Drop, 999
Drub grass, 449
Drum-stick, 811
Drunco, 392
Dub,425
77 '
4
Duck-See:-Musk-duck
Duckweed-See:-Tropicalduckweed
Duda-gorai, 1006-See:Gorai
Dudai-kulfa-dodak, 523-See:
-Dodak
Duda-kaha, 414-See:-Kaha
(varieties)
Dudal, 1195
Dudali,652
Duddi, 722-See:-Kadududdi
Duddini, 407
Dudh, A/I71
Dudhali, 507; 526
Dudhani, 891
Dudhasali, 619
Dudha vari, 899-See:-Vari
( varieties)
Dudhavela, 430
Dudh-batthal, 1195-See:Batthal; Hal (varieties)
Dudh-bhopla, 722-See:Bhopla (varieties)
Dudheli-See:- Nagaladudheli
Dudhi, 468; 526; 674; 722; 849;
1225-See:-Nagaarjundudhi; Chhoti-dudhi
Dudhia-kalmi, 685-see:Kalmi (varieties)
Dudhialata, 891-See:Chhota-dudhilata
Dudhika, 891
Dudhilata 674-See:Dudhialata
Dudhkarava, 849-See:Karava
Dudini,529
Dudipalla, 891
Dudippi, 273-See:-IIppi
Dudiya, 529
Dudla, 1104
Dudlata, 891
Dudli,1195
Dudurli, 526; 652
Dudvali, 619
772
THE INDIAN M':.A.TERIA MEDICA
Dugdha, A/171-See:Tiktadugdha
Dugdhika, 529-See:Dughdika
Dugdugia, 51S
Dughdika, 891-See:Dugdhika
Dugong oi,l A/166
Duhun-el-garjan, 456-See:Garjan (varieties)
Dukar-kand,1190-See:Kand (varieties)
Dukri jowars, 1161-See:J owars (varieties)
Duku, 935
Dulal-Iabha, 62; 611-See:Labha .
Dulogondi-See:-Chinadulo-gondi
Dumaputu, A/146
Dwnlua-See:-Hal-dumlua
Dummula-See:-Rata-dummula
Dumpa bachhale, 1164-See:Bachhale
Dumbar-See:-Koneadumbar
Dumshirg, 3
Dumtuli,43
Dumur-See:-Bhui-dumul';
Kaka-dumur
Dund,396
Dundigapu, 706
Dundillum, -876
Dungari-kando, 63-See:Kando (varieties)
Dunkelrothe Flugal-frucht,
1026
Duntu-pesulu, 459-See:Pesulu
Dupada, 1265-See:-Pada
(varieties)
Dupa-damaru, 1265-See:Damaru
Duparl.-See:-Tambdi-dupari
Dupati, 676
..
Duralabha, 62; 611-See:....,Labha; Dulallaba
.'_ -
Durba, 425
Durgandha, 63-See:Gandha (varieties)
Dursul, 1156
Durva, 504; 994-See:-Nila.
durva
Dusparsha, 533
Dustapuchettu, 430
Dutro, 434
Dvishigru, 811
Dwarf, 823
Dwipautra, 1143
Dyer's Indigo, 680-See:Indigo (varieties)
Dyer's Madder, 1075-See:Madder; Indian madder;
Two flowered Indian madder
Eagle-wood, 120
Earth-See:-Red earth;
Dhobi's earth
Earthnut, 121
Earth Sugar-root, 760-See:Sugar-root
East Indian Arrowroot, 413See:-Arrowroot; Indian
arrowroot
East Indian blue water-lily,
858--See:-Lily; Water-lily;
Blue-water-lily etc.
(varieties)
East Indian Globe-thistle, 1162
-See:-Globe-thistle; Thistle;
Indian
globe-thistle;
Thistle (varieties)
East Indian Mastiche, 975See:-Bomba~ or East Indian
mastiche; Indian mastiche;
Mastiche
East Indian Peppermint, 771See:-Peppermint;
Indian
peppermint
East Indian root, 399-See:Indian root
~st Indian Rose-bay, 1189See:--Rose-bay; Indian Rosebay
rINDEX
773
East Indian Screw-Tree, 615- Ejaloo, A/206

See:-Indian Screw-tree;
Ekanayakam, 1089
Screw-tree
Ekangi, 821
Ebony, 452:....__See:-Mountain
Ekhanda, 35-See:-BalaEbony
, ekhanda
Ecoree de-codagapala, 634
Ekharo, 667
Edakula, 1283-See:-Kula
Ek-kanda-Iasun, 62-See:(varieties)
Lasun
Edakula. . pala, 80-See:-Pala Ekke, 237
(varieties)
Ekkemale, 237
Edapandu, 345
Ekpanni, 662-See:-Panni
Edible date, 943-See:-Dates Ela, 93; 465
Elach, 94
(varieties)
Edible Hibiscus, l-See:Elai-See:-Pichulati-elai
Hibiscus; Common garden Elachi or Elaichi, 475-See:hibiscus
.
Bara - elachi; Balj. - elachi;
Edible moss, 591-See:-Moss
Chhoti-elachi; Chota-elaichi;
(varieties)
Choti-elachi; Moto - elachi;
Edible pine--See:-Neozapine;
Safed-elachi
Pine (varieties)
Elakanni, 1145-See:-Kanni
Edikkol, 282
(varieties)
Edlew;einrebe, 1285
Elalmya, 475
Eechakoyya, 945
Elakgai, 475-See:-Gai
Eechalamara, 946-See:Elakkay-See:-PeddaSanna-eechalumara
elakkay
Eechamaram, 945
Elakkaya, 475
Eel-See:-Indian Eel; Ban- Elakki, 475
fish; Fish (varieties)
Elam, 475
Eendu, 798
Elandai, 1316
Eenthakay: 422
Elattari-See:-PeriyaEerulli, 63
elattari
Eeshavaramulla, 139
Elav-See:-Peri-elav
Eesvurberu, 139
Elchi-See:-Lal-elchi; SafedEgg-See:-Fish-eggs; White
elchi
of egg
Elder tree, 1097
Egg-plant,
1151.,see:-Wild Eldori-See:-Moto-eldori
eggs plant
Elegaram, M/103
Egg shell, A/163-See:-Shell Elemi,253
(varieties)
Elemichcham, 346
Egorca, 166
. Elengi, 801-See:-Mimusope
Egyptian Castalia Lotus, 292Elengi
See:-Castalia lotus; Lotus Elephant, A/160
(varieties)
Elephant-apple or Wood-apple,
Egyptian Corn, 1305-See:535-See:-Apple (varieties)
Corn (varieties)
Egyp<ian Lotus, 844-See:- Elephant creeper, 136
Lotus (varieties)
Elephantenapfel, 535
Eihukan, 506
Elephant grass, 930; 1253
774
Elephant's foot (prickly leaves)

474-See:-Telugu potato,
Elephant's (oot:-See:-Telugu
potato, 94
Elevam, 208
"
Elirnichcham-See :-Periya.:
elirnichcham
Ella errie, A/l71
Ella-imbul, 362
Ella kay, 475
Ellakkay-See:-Adaviellakkay
Ellakura, 1091-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Ellenne, 1127
Ellu, 1126-See :-Hutchellu;
Kadellu; Karuellu; KatteUu;
Uchellu; Uruellu; Mylellu
Elsabuniyeh, 1104
Elumicham tulasi, 864-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Elumicchai, 342
Elumichhampazham-See:Kattu-elumichhampazham
Elumitchanarakam, 346
Elupay-See:-Kattu-elupay
Elva, 75
Elwa, 73; 75
Eluppai-See:-Shimai- .
eluppai
Emblic Myrobalan, 480-See:
-Myrobalan (varieties)
Emblic Phyllanthe-See:Phyllanthe Emblic
Embudichettu, 972
Emetic Nut, 1047; 1233
Enamriga, A/143
Endaru, 1065
Endi, 1065
Endive, 313
Endranee, 1079
Endraru, 999
Eng, 455
Ennay or Ennei, 455-See:Nallenne; Meenaennay
Enuga-See:-Pedda-enuga
Enugadanta, 265
.u_. '_
Enugapippalu, 1117-See:Pippallu
Epala-See:-Valta-epala
Ephedra, 486
Epinard cornu, 1164
Epinard lisse, 1164
Eppi,179
Eradi-See:-Kad-eradi
Eraminu, A/215
Eramudapu, 1065
Erand, 1065-See:-Arabierandj Mogli-erand
Eranda, 1065--See:-Kananaeranda
Eranda-gach, 705
Erandi-See:-Jangli-erandij
Moghli-erendi; R~-erandi;
Velaty-erandi
Erandthailam, 1065
Eravalu,71
Erendi,
1065-See:-Moghlierendi
Eri, 1065
Erikka, 237
Erka, 1253
Ermul,1081
Erodium moschatum, A/203
Eroppakaita, 54
Erra-gandamu, 1026-See:Gandamu
Erragonkaya, 632-See:Gonkaya
Erra-jiluga, 1129-See:Jilpga
Erra-kuti, 925-See:-Kuti
(varieties) ~
Erra-pachchari, 431-See:Pachchari
-"i
Erra-posta-kaya-chettu, 901See:-Posta-kaye-chettu
Erra-purvu, 1295-See:~
PUrvu
Er:m-tamara, 844-See:Tamara (varieties)
Erravegisa,1024-See:-Vegisa
Erubescite, M/49
Erukku, 237
INDEX
Erup-pichha, 352-See:Pichha
Eru-saru, 1194.--See :-Saru
Eru-sarumanu, 1194-See:Sarumanu
Enrados, 955
Ervaru, 403
&aka Dantikurra, 578-See:
-Dantikurra; Kurra
( varieties)
Esamaduga, 183
Eta, 457
Eti-puchcha, 335-See:Puchcha
Etthhu, A/146
Euphorbades ancien, 522
Euphorbe a feuilles de thym,
529
Euphorbe antivenerien, 529
Euphorbe tirucalli, 529
Evapqrated milk, A/175-See:
Milk (varieties)
Evergreen Sweet-corn, 1304See:-Sweet-com; corn
Exile Oleander, 12J8-See:Oleander (varieties)
Exsiccated calcium sulphate,
M/46-See:- Calcium sulphate; Sulphate of calcium
775
Faras, 222; 1193

Farasiyun, 771
Farbe-Indigopfumza, 681
Farber safflor, 278
Farberwurzel, 1075
Faribduti, 926
Faridbel, 362--See:-Bel
(varieties)
Faridbuti, 535
Farid muli, 535-See:-Muli
(varieties)
Farisail Harin, A/143-See:Harin
Farnwarzel, 467-See:-Warmfarnwarzal
Farwa, 1193
Fasein, 942
Fatarfoda, 1292
Fat of the hog, purified internal, A/136
Fat 6f Sheep's wool, A/137
Faugli-mehndi, 92-See:Mehndi (varieties)
Faux safran, 278-See:Safran
Fazzeh, M/13
Feathers-See:-Prince's
feathers
Feldsauramfer, 1079
FeJspar, M/6; M/93; M/94See:-Native white felspar;
White felspar
Faddah, M/14
Faduj madani, M/97-See:- Felspar of granite, M/89-See:
-Granite-felspar
Madani
Fennel, 557-See:-Small fenFakri, 923
nel; Sweet fennel; Indian
Fakria, 923
Sweet fennel.
Faliddhar, 297
Fenugreek, 1240
False Calumba, 187-See:Feringee-datura, 133-See:Calumba
Datura
Falsh, 1005
Fermented rice, M/49-See:Fanjuim, 1251
Rice
Fan-palm, 384.--See:-Palm
( varieties)
,
Fem-See:-Maiden-hair
fern; Male-fern thizome
Faqurul Yahud, M/23-See:Feronia geant, 535
Yahud
Ferric oxide-See:-Native
Faranjmishk, 864-See:ferric-oxide
Mishk (varieties)
776
Ferrous sulphate--S ee :Crude ferrous sulphate I

Ferrud, 508
Ferrum Haematite, M/42--:-See:
_Haematite
Ferule Asafoetida, 537-See:Asafoetida.
.
Ferula sumbul, A/203-See:Sumbul
Ferungmishk-See:-Tukhm
-2ferungmishk; Mishk
(varieties)
Fevernut, 226
Fevertree--See :-Australian
fever-tree
Field Pea, 976; 977-See:Pea (varieties)
Field-sorrel, 1079-See:Sorrel (varieties)
I
Field vetch, 420-See:-Vetch
(varieties)
Fifile-surkh, 268-See :-Surkh
(varieties)
Fig-See:-Sacred fig; Clusterfig; Country-fig tree; Gularfig
Figiner-a-petit fruits, 542
Fig-tree, 545-See:-Fig
(varieties)
Figuier-due Bengal, 543
Figuier Elastique, 548
Figuier-ou-arbre des pagodes,
552
Fil, 305; 965
Filberts, 61-See:-Indian
Filbert
Fildray, 965
Fil-fila-daraz, 96S-See:Darfilfil
Fil-filae-moya, 965
Fil-fila-siah, 969
Filfildray, 965
Filfileahmar, 268
Filfiluswud, 969
Filzahrah. 187
Findak, 38~
;
Finduk-i-hindi, 1103-S~:Hindi (varieties) ."~.
..
Finfache Blattblume, 949

Finger of Hermes, 622
Firanghee-dhatura, 133-800:
-Dhatura (varieties)
Firanj-mushk, 861-See:Mushk (varieties)
Fir & Fir tree, 959-See:Himalayan Silver Fir; Silver
Fir
Fish, A/141; A/l44; A/213;
A/215; A/214; A/216-See:
-Ban-fish; Gorai-fish; Lakefish; Nala-fish; Pond-fish;
Punti-fish; River-fish; Roheefish; Rohu-fish;' Rohitakafish;
Sabli-fish;
Sea-fish;
Seir-fish;
Shallow-fish; .
Water-fish; Shell-fish; Sho~e
fish; Singi-fish; Sutki-fish;
Tangra-fish;
Tank-fish;
Telescope-fish;
Weak-fish;
Well-fish; White-fish
Fish-bone-See:-Cuttle-fishbone; Bone
.
Fishberry, 360-See:-Berries
(varieties)
Fish eggs, A/215-See:-Eggs
(varieties)
Fish near spring-water, A/214
-See:-Fish (varieties)
Fiturasalium, 1008
Five biles (ancha pitta), A/159
-See:-Bile (varieties)
Five-leaved Chaste Tree, 1278
-See:-Chaste tree
Flacorita-See:-Manyspiked
fiacorita
Flake white l~:l.d, M/85-See:Lead (varieties)
Flaschenkurbis,. 721
Flat bean, 461~ee:-Beans
(varieties)
Flint-See:-Pure flint
Flax plant, 743
Fleabane--See :-Ash-coloured
fleabane: Canada fleabane;
Purple fleabane
Flash-See:-Pigeon's flesh
INDEX
Flowered cotton-See:Yellow-flowered cotton;

Cotton (varieties)
Flowers of arsenic, MilS-See:
-Arsenic; Arsenic flowers
Flowers of lead, M/86-See:Lead (varieties)
Flowers of zinc, M/132-See:Zinc (varieties)
Flouride of potassium, M/93See:-Potassium fluoride
Fodder-See:-Napiers Fodder
Foetid cassia, 291-See:Cassia (varieties)
Folio Cocae, 510-See:Cocae folio
Footed aquatic animals, A/l40
-See:-Aquatic animals
Forget-me-not-See:-Indian
Forget-me-not
Fossil encrinite, M/95
Four-o'clock flower, 803
Foxglove, 448
Foxnut,530
.Foxtail millet, 1131-See:Millet (varieties)
Fragrant Screwpine, 894See:-Screwpine; Pine
varieties) )
Francoline, A/141
Frankincense-See:-Indian
Frankin~ense
Frast, 1005
French Bean:--See:-Bean
(varieties)
French chalk-See:-Chalk
(varieties)
French Haricot Bean, 942See:-Beans; Haricot bean
( varieties)
French lavender, 73O-See:Arabian lavender; Lave.nder
(varieties)
French Marigold, 1190-See:
-Marigold
French Rose or Red Rose, 1073
-See:-Rose
(varieties)
00
777
Fresh ox gall, A/161-See:Ox-gall; Gall (varieties)

Fructus juniperi-See:Oleum fructus juniperi;
Juniperi
Fruhbohne, 940
Fudali Bhathi, 697
Fuhl-planze, 799
Fula-criqua, 354
Fuller's Earth, M/95-;See:Earth (varieties)
Fulvar, 215
Fusain, 520
Gab, 452; 1065

Gaba, 452
Gab-bherenda,705-See:Bherenda (varieties)
Gabhana, M/46
Gabhi, A/146
Gach-karan, 1059
Gachmarich, 268-See:Marich (varieties)
Gachmirichi,268-See:Mirich or Mirichi (varieties)
Gadabani, 1228-See:-Bani
Gada-Cani, 1228-See: -Cani
Gadadhar, 142
Gadagvel, 1263
Gada-blha. J171
Gadambhikanda, 389-See:Kanda (v::>rieties)
Gadancha, 1220
Gadan;-kanda, 389..--See:Kanda (varieties)
Gadathigadaparaku, 138
Gadda: -See: -Adavi-tellagadda;
Penneroo-gadda;
Spgagadda;
Sheemagadda;
Tella-gadda;
Tsallogadda;
IT,,.l''-IJ,,rlr1 a : Yerra - gadda;
Akasgaddah: Panneru-gadda;
Akasha-gadda; Ch"mkurakagadd,,: G"iiar::l-IJedd,,: Kalappagarlda.; Kanda-gadda; Kunda-gadda
778
Gadda, A/162
Gaddah-See:-Rakas-gaddah
Gaddai-See: -Tunga-gaddai
Gaddi-See: -Ullegaddi
Gadde-See: -Suvarnagadde; Konnari-gadde; I
Koranari-gadde
Gadhaparna, 202
Gadio, 899
Gadis-;See: -Kayo-gadis
Gado, 356; 1220
Gado Cunya, 1228
Gadro,899
Gaemon, 310
Gaenari, 584
Gaerahonara patta, 389
Gaerumara, 96
Gaggar, 1060
Gaggera-chettu, 865
Gagli, 458
Gahu, 1244-See: -Pivla-Gahu
Gai-See:-Elakgai; Kedagai;
Murungai
Gai, A/146
Gaiaswat, 554
Gaimaril, 609
Gainika, M/7
Gairika, M/7; M/95-See:Suvarna-Gairika
Gajachini, 297
Gaja dausntree, 926
Gajago, 226; 229
Gajangi, 894
Gajanimma, 339; 346-See:Nimma (varieties)
Gajapipal, 97.9; 1117-See:Pipal (varieties)
Gajapippalee mooIa, 964-See:
-Mooia (varieties)
Gajapippali, 1117-'See:Pippali (varieties)
Gaja-pippallu, 1117-See:Pippallu; Enuga-pippalu
Gajapushpam, 792
Gajar, 441-See: -La4ori
gajar; Pitai-gajar ~
Gajega, 226; 229 "_Gajga, 226-See: "-Ktildgajga
~
Gajikekayi, 226-See: -Kai or

Kayi (varieties)
Gajjara-gedda, 441-(See:Gadda or Gedda (varieties}
Gajjara-kilangu, 441-See:Kilangu (varieties)
Gajjari, 441
Gajphal, 964
Gaj-pipal, 964, 1117-See:Gaja-pipal; Pipal (varieties)
Gajpipali, 979-See: -Pipali
Gajrah, 1181
Gajra kumbi, 362-See:Kumbi
Gala, A/148; A/232
Galagara, 469
Galagarachettu, 469
Galakonda, 268
Galamark, 705
Galanga cardamoms, 77-See:
-Cardamoms (varieties)
Galangal-See: -Grand or
Greater galangal; Java
galangal; Lesser gaiangal
Galanggam, M/S6
GalaphuI, 254
Galartori, 1234-See: -Tori
(varieties)
Galayi, 1221
Galbanum, 541
Galena, M/14; M/87
Galeni, 733
Galgoja, 957
Galgota-See: -Asmanigalgota
Gali, 681-See:-Phungali
Gali-chekka, 1143
Galijeru, 1~28-See: -Guntagalijaeru; Tellagalijeru
Gall-See: _;;Fresh ox-gall; oxgall;" Purifiea ox-gall
Gallah, A/160
Gall-bladder, A/216
Galli-See:-Mullu-galli;
Perungalli
Gallnut, 1205-See: -Indian
gall-nut
Galls, 1062-See: -Oak-galls
INDEX
Gall-stone, A/l44
Gallu, 1196
Gala, 1220
Galori-See: -Patala-galori
Galot, 303; 304
Galpar-ka-patta, 724
Gam, 1244-See: -Teregam
Gamanayakam, 542
Gamara-See: -Muttagamara
Gamathi phudina, 789-See:Phudina (varieties)
Gambhara, 584
Gambharee-See:Taagambharee
Gambhari, 584
Gambheram, 861
Gambier, 1254
Gambir, 1254
Gamboge-See: -Indian
gamboge
Gamboge tree-See: -Mysore
Gamboge tree
t
Ganasura, 395
Ganda, 116-See: -Ahiganda;
Garba-ganda; Pashu-ganda
Gandabhuti, 523
Gandagadravakarn, M/119
Gandak, M/n9
Gandakarn, M/119
Gandala, 428
Gandarnasti, 418
Gandarngundu, 758-See:Gundu (varieties)
Gandarnu-See: -Erragandamu
Gandapura, 626
Gal'ldapuro, 570
Gandaptishpa, 1104
Gandar, A/217
Ganda-shrah, 1098
Gandbabul, 14-See:-Babul
Safed babul; Vilayati-babul
Gand-bel, 110-See:-Bel
(varieties)
Gander, A/143
Gandera, 1056
779
Gandha-See: -Angusthagandha; Asagandha; Ashvagandha; Asvagandha; Aswagandha; Ikshugandha; Mlecha-gandha; Rajani-gandha;

Rasgandha; Sarpa-gandha;
Shrigandhadamara. Shrigandha; Ugragandha; Durgandha
Gandha-bela, 104-See:-Bela
( varieties)
Gandhabena, 104; 107; 111See:-Bena (varieties)
Gandha-bhadulia, 892-See: Bhadulia
Gandhabiroz, 21l-See:Biroz
Gandhabiroza, 541; 958-See:
Biroza
Gandaburoja, 541-See:Buroja
Gandhagatra, 116
Gandhagiri-See: -Kempugandhagiri
Gandhak, M/n9
Gandhaka, M/l19-See:Arnragandhaka
Gandhakam, M/119
Gandhali, 891
Gandha-marjara, A/234
Gandhamenasu, 400-See:Menasu; Bal-rnenasu;
Kempu-rnenasu; Volleymenasu
Gandharnu-See-Rakta gandharnu
Gandhamula, l-See:-Mula
(varieties)
Gandhana, 150; 892
Gandhanakuli, 872; 1263
Gandhani, 138
Gandha-pani-rajaka, 861
Gandha-prasarini, 892-See:Prasarini
Gandhapu-chekka, 1098
Gandhapurana, 203
Gandharaj, 568; 569
Gandharash, 170
780
Gandharva hasthah, 1(165

Gandhatrana, 104
:
Gandha-tulasi, 863-See: ---,
Tulasi (varieties)
Gandheli, 698
Gandhi, 476; 698-See:Aswagandhi; Patalagandhi;
Ratna-gandhi; Vishnugandhi
Gandhitagarappu, 1189-See:
Tagarappu
Gandibuti, 804
Gandira, 522
Gandna-See:-Tukm-igandna
Gandrak, M/119
Ganesh Kanda, 1055-See:Kanda (varieties)
Gangaravi, 630-See:-Ravi;
Munigangaravi; Kullaravi
Gangareni, 1218
Gangarenu, 630-See:-Renu
Gangarevi, 1218
Ganger, 756; 1317
Gangird, M/119
Gangiva, 532
Gang-salik, A/136 _
Ganguranichettu, 630
Gangwa, 532
Ganhar,89
Ganiari, 1009
Gani-karika, 353; 1009
Ganja, 256-See also Buzaganja; Kanja; Jadaganja;
Ranaganja
Ganjali-hullu, 106
Ganjankorai, 861
Ganjayi, 256
Ganji-See: -Hooli-ganji
Ganjika, 256
Ganjni, 110
Ganna, 1083
Ganneru, 847-See Billagan-'
neru; Niruganneru; Pachchaganneru; Vadaganrteru
Ganni, 698-See:-Naasuganni; Pasarganni ~,
Ganpul'h-See: - Waranganpulih
_"-r
I
Gansur, 394; 395

Ganthoda-See: -Tagarganthoda; Taggarganthoda
Gaoj, A/153-See:-Ghous
Gaorohan, A/144
Gaoshira, 541
Gaourai, 532
Gaozaban, 114; 225; 759; 871;
1233-See: -Guli-gaozabana
Garachetti, 166
Garajphal, 219
Garala, A/218
Garani, 354
Garate, 475
Garayo, 689
Garba ganda, 1087-See:Ganda (varieties)
Garbedero, 310
Garbhagatini, 579
Garbha gogha, 264
Garbhakara, 1036-See: Kara (varieties)
Gar.bijur, 748
Gardabha,' A/160,
Gardal, 485
Gardali, 1014
Garda-patali, 872
Gardaphala, 360
Garden Beet, 197-See:-Common-beet; Beet
Garden-Hibiscus-See:Common garden-hibiscus;
Hibiscus
Garden Opium-See: -Patna
Garden-opium;
Opium (varieties)
Garden Pea, 977--See: -Pea
(varieties) ,"
Garden Purslane, lOO5-See:
-Purslane Garden quinine, 352--See:Quinine
Garden radish, 1049-See:Radish (varieties)
Garden Rue, 1081--See:-Rue
(varieties)
Garden-sage, 1094-See:Sage (varieties)
INDEX
781
Garden Thyme, 1219-See:Gauriphal, 1{)77

Thyme; Wild thyme
Gav-See: -Makragav
Gardha-bhanda, 629-See:Gavad, A/147
Bhanda
Gaval, 138
Gardhan, 1055
Gavalu, A/158
Gardundi, 861
Gavat, 103-See: -Lal-gavat;
Gargira, 1017
Poladi-gavat; Vilayati-gavat
Garham, 1220
Gavatichaha, 104-See: -Cha;
Garho-mirch, 270-See:Chaha (varieties)
Mirch (varieties)
Gavedhu, 368
Garijara, 440
Gawar, 420
Garikae, 425
Gayala, 303
Garike, 425,
Gazangabin, 1194
Gari kulaj, 462-See: -Kulaj
Gazar, 441
Gari-kulay, 581-See: Kulay
Gazmazaj, 1194
Gariya, 689
Gazur-See:-Tine-gazur
Garjan, 455; 45~ee:
Gebokanak, 447
Duhun-el-garjan; TeliGebranchlicher Jasmin, 702;
garjan; Tihya-garjan
703-See:-Jasmine d'arabic
Garjana-See: -Bandigarjana Gebrauchlicher, 480
Garjan-ka-tel, 455
Gedda--See:~adda
Garlic, 65
Geeranta, 730
Garmala, 285
Gehornter Saurklee, 890
Garmalu, 372
Gehu, 1244
Garter dill, 935-See: -Dill
Gehun, 1244
Garuda-mukku, 771
Gejulia, 932
Garuga, 570
Gelaphal, 1047
Garuganni-See: -Kada
Geld, M/32
garuganni
Gemeiner Bambos, 172
Garunga, 469
Gemeiner Brechnussbaum,
Garur, 748
1175
Garvaphul, 100
Gemeiner coriander, 381Gashagasha, 902
See:-Coriander
Gasmiris, 268
Gemeiner Flachs-See:Gasugasalu, 901
Gemeiner Lein
Gatchkaya, 226
Gemeiner Herzsamen, 272
Gathi-See:-Sithagathi
Gemeiner-Judendorn, 1318
Gathukam, 537
Gemeiner Lein ()r Flachs, 743
Gati-See: -Seemagati
Gemeiner Mohre, 441
Gatt, A/234
Gemeiner Pisang, 822
Gatta-demata, 585
Gemeiner Tabac, 850
Gatta-tumba, 740-See:Gemeiner wacholder, 710
Tumba; Peetumba
Gemeiner Zedrrach, 784
Gattilierincise, 1278
Gemeine Wassernuss, 1227
Gau, A/146
Gemusespinat, 1164
Gaungchi, 5
Genasoo,72
Gaunri, 1227
Genasu, 684-See: -Heggenasu
Gauri, 414
Genda, 1190
782
Gendagum, M/119
Gendha, Aj147
Geneverier, 710
Gengri,431
Germe, 607
Germeru-See:-Adavigenneru
Gentian-See: -Himalayan or
Indian Gentian
Geranilum grass, 111
Geranium--See: - J ungle
geranium
Geranium triste, A/203
Geredi,485
Geria, 532
Gerike, 425
Gerius samak, A/13S-See:Samak
Ger-kayi, 1119-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Germander-See: - Watergermander
Germandree aquatique, 1212
Germandree d'eau, 1212
German silver, M/49:--See:Silver (varieties)
Germehal, 1171
Geru, M/7; M/95--See:Phula-geru; Sitageru; Sonageru; Turuka-geru
Geruda-petsaprai, M/97 -See:
-Petsaprai
Gerumati, MilO; M!95-See:Mati (varieties)
Getiya-See: -Maha-getiya
Get-kola,609-See:-Kola
(varieties)
Gewa, 532
Gewurznelkev,835
Geyapal, 396
Ghabilo, 922
Ghaemari, 717
Ghagerbel, 753
Ghaghara, 130
Ghagri, 392; 394
Ghagti, 392
.;
;
Ghaial-See: -Chotaftaial;
Latia ghaial
.'
"
Ghaipat, 717
Ghalegherinta, 394
Ghal Ghase, 739-See:Ghase
Ghalijeroo, 1228--See:Tellaghalijeroo
Ghamur, 895
Ghaneri,725
Ghangato, 392
Ghansing, 1169
Ghansurang, 395
Ghant, 1055
Ghanti-chi-bhaji, 1162-See:Bhaji (varieties)
Ghanya marvel, 11l-See:Marvel
,
Gharahuvoo, 385
Gharar-khejur, 943-See:Khejur
Gharee, 724
Gharei-kash-malu, 724
Gharekun, 1001
Gharicum,50-See:Gharicum
Gharikum, lOOl-See:Gharikum
Gharol, 12~O
Gharote, 891
Gharphul, 385
Ghas-See: -Chinaghas;
Chinaighas; Chinaigas;
Nirbishaghas; Patwa-ghas
Ghase, (Ghal), 739
Ghati, 1152
Ghati gum, 117
Ghatipithpapra, 714-See:Pitpapara (varieties)
Ghatpahn, 28U-See: -Palm
(varieties)
Ghatzari, 107~
Ghaula, -86
_
Ghausar, 250-See:-Sar
(varieties)
Ghayal; 54; 55
Ghebunelli, 1010-See:-Nelli
(varieties)
.
Ghee, Aj182
Ghee, old, A/187
INDEX
Ghekul, 1253
Ghelagherinta, 392
Gherittekarnina, 1270
Ghermumitti, M/10-See:Mitti (varieties)
Gherumitti, M/94-See:Mitti (varieties)
Gherwel, 1282
Ghetu, 353
Ghetuli, 203
Ghevda, 461-See:-Chavdari
ghevda; Ran-ghevada;
Shravan-ghevda
Ghiatarui, 752
GrJaturai, 752
Ghikanvar, 73-See:Kanvar (varieties)
Ghikanwar, 76
Ghila, 561
Ghilodi, A/170
Ghimashak, 804
Ghin-See: - Vata-ghin
Ghira-See: -Tukhmizaghira
Ghisodi-See: -Kadughisodi
Ghit-kochu, 1253-See:Kochu
Ghivala, 234
Ghiwain, .472
Ghogar, 570
Ghogari, 587 .
Ghol, 1006-See:-Motighol;
Ranghol
Gholbhaji, 1006
Gholi, 300-See: -Bhuigholi
Gholi-ki-bhaji, 1007-See:Bhaji (varieties)
Gholsari, 801
Ghongukuru, 628
Ghoodu-.._See: -Moolughoodu
Ghora, 108
Ghoralidi, 1285
Ghora-nim, 784-See: -Ni'm
(varieties)
Ghore-sun, 392-See: -Sun
Ghorpadvel, 1283-See:Padvel
783
Ghosalay, 751
Ghosali, 752-See: -Kadughosali
Ghosha-Iata, 751
Ghostalata, 753
Ghosuel, 850
Ghota-See: -Sagur-ghota
Ghoti-sava, 898-See:-Sava
Ghoul-See: -Mashtui-ghoul
Ghous or Gaoj, A/153
Ghrita, A/141; A/182
Ghrita-kumari, 73; 76-See:Kumari (varieties)
Ghrit-kumari, 73 See:Kumari (varieties)
Ghrittham, A/182
Ghumachi,5
Gliuntarava, 394
Ghurumba, 335
Giahi-kaisara, 1239
Giatya bruz, 764
Gidad-drak, 1285-See:Drakh; J angli-drakh
Gidar-tamaku, 126s..--..:See:Tamaku (varieties)
Gidro, 402
Gigantic Swallowwort, 237See: -SwallolWort
( varieties)
Gijjira-hannu, 943
Gikrukalan, 926
Gil, M/94; M/95
Gila-gach, 486
Gilarnika, 354
Gilas, 1014
Gila-tiga, 486-See:-Tiga
(varieties)
Gile-armani, M/94
Gil-e-far, M/94
Gile-surkh, M/95-See:Surkh (varieties)
Gil-i-abrorshi, M/94
Giliad Balm-See: -Balm of
Giliad
Gil-jalil, 444
Gill, MilO
GilIa, 485-See:-Gundagilla
784
THE INDIAN MATElUA MEDICA
Gilo, 1220-See: -Satgilo

Giloe, 1220
Gilo Gulanch, 356
Gilo-Gularich, 122()
Gil safed, M/41'
Gilsufeid, M/6
Gimasag, 804
Gimasaka, 666
Gineri, 1010
Gingelly Seed, 1126
Ginger, 1309-See:-Mangoginger; Wild-ginger
Ginger grass, 104
Ginja, 103
Gino, 733
Ginsi-Kyaw, 1309
Gin-sin, 1309
Girambi, 486
Girbuti, 160
GirduI, 485
Girimallika, 634--See:Mallika (varieties)
Girimati, M/7-See:-Mati
(varieties)
Girishamu, 15
GinnaIah, 285
Girmi,507
Girofia, 835
Giroli, 356
Gitanaram, 612
Glass-See:-Muscovy
Goalilata, 1283
Goametta, 1307
Goanese Ipecacuanha, 842See:-Ipecacuanha
(varieties)
Goa Potato, 449-See:-Potato
(varieties)
Goa Powder, 100
Goat, A/147; Aj212
Goat's foot creeper, 689
Goat's milk, A/175--See:Milk (varieties)
Gobar champa, 993-See:Champa (varieties)
Gobari, 22
Gobbi-See:-Neerugobbi
Gobhi, 474
Gobria sulah, 3
Gobura,114
Goda, 1277; 1280
Godang, 822
Godanti, M/46
Godavaj,35
Goddupavili, 1007 .
Gade Indrajava, 1296-See:Indrajav (varieties)
Godhadi, 626
Godhapadi, 1283
Godhuma, 1244-See:-Mahgodhuma
Godi, 1244-See:-Jave-godi
glass
Godnimbu, 346-See:-Nimbu
Glattfruchtiger Spinat, 1164
(varieties)
Glimmer, M/123
Godugu-See:-Kukkagodugu
Globe Artichoke, 425-See:- Godumay, 1244
Artichoke
Godumulu, 1244
Globe thlstle-See:-EastGoeliruku, 543
Gogajal, 957 ",
Indian Globe-thistle;
Thistle; Indian Globe-thistle; Gogar,108
Thistle (varieties) ..
Gogird, M/119 ~
Globose-yam, 450-See:-Yam Goglemool, "577(varieties)
.
Goglimool, 577-See:-Mool
Glucose, A/183
(varietie~)
Go, A/146
Gognier, 709
Goa bean, 461-See:-Bean
Gagu, 13; 628-See:-Seema(varieties)
..
gogu; Varagogu
Goguchettu, 933
Goachi-phaI, 1017
."-r' '
Goagarilakri, 1173 ..
Goinjol, 1304
INDEX
GojaJ-See:-Mullugojal
Gojialata, 474
Gojibha, 474
Gojihiva, 474
Gokarna, 354
Gokhru, 667-See:-Baragokhru; Chota-gokhru;
Kadva-gokhru; Mothan
gokhru; Mothe--gokhru;
Ubha-gokhru
Gokhula-janum, 667-See:Gokuhla-janum
Gokhula-kanta, 667-See:Kanta (varieties)
Gokhuri, 1229
Gokhuri-kalan, 1229
Gokshura, 667; 926; 1229
Gokuhla-janum, 133-See:Gokhula-janum
Gokurna-mula,354-See:Mula (varieties)
Gol,254
Gola, 986
Golagandi, 1226
Golalu, 1154
Golap-phul, 1072
Golappu, 1072
Gola-tulasi, 863-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Gold, M/32-See:-Mosaic
gold
Golden Champa, 794-See:Chafi?pa; Gobar-champa
Golden collyrium, 369-See:Collyrium
Golden-Rod, 1158
Golden silk cotton, 362-See:Silk-cotton (varieties)
Golden thread root, 376
Gold silajit, M/23-See:Silajit (varieties)
Gold thread, 376; 1213
Goli-See:-Bhui-goli;
Dhavidekgoli
Golicha vel-See:-Khaj
golicha-vel
Golinda, 1283
785
Golkaddu, 185-See:-Kaddu
(varieties)
Golkakra, 808; 820
Golkankra, 807-See:-Kankra
Gol-rrtirich, 9u9
Golmorich, 009-See:-Mirich
(varieties)
Golunga-See:-Nagagolunga
Goma Madhupati, 739
Gombheyamagaru chettu, 892
Gomru-See:-Peddagomru
Goth-karwi-vali, 1307
Gomuthra silajit, M/24-See:
-Silajit (varieties)
Gonajali, 203-See:-Jali (varieties)
Gond-See:-Chinai gond;
Chirgond; Chokargond;
Chuniagond; Rateragond;
Velgond
Gondabadustan, A/147
Gondad,l11
Gond dhow, 117
Gondi, 380; 1162-See:Telladuradagondi
Gondral, 698
Gondvel, 308
Gondwal, 111
Gonglemol, 577
Gongura-See:-Kondagongura
Goni-mara, 1092
Gonji, 581
Gonkaya-See:-Erra gonkaya
Gonshi, A/142
Gonsurang, 394; 395
Gonyuch, 736
Gookee, 609
Gookorh, A/153
Goomodee, 1031
Goond,378
'Goondnee, 378
Gooroo Nuts, 1169
Gooseberry, 1064--See:Country gooseberry; CapeGooseberry; Chinese Gooseberry; Indian Gooseberry
786
Goose-beny Otaheite, 946See:-Gooseberry (varie~ies)

Goosefoot, 305
Goot-Baigun, 756--See:Baigun
.
Gope, M/95
Gopichandan, M/10; M/95See:-Chandan (varieties)
Gopimulam, 619
Gora-bach, 35-See:-Bach
(varieties)
Gorabel,1031-See:-Bel
(varieties)
Goradu, 449; 450; 451-See:Konfa-goradu
Gorai-See :-Duda-gorai
Gorai fish, A/215-See:Fishes (varieties)
Goraji, 90
Gorakchaulia, 1138-See:Chaulia
Gorakh amli, 38-See:-Amli
(varieties)
Gorakh-chinch, 38--See: Chinch
Gorakh pamo, 617
Gorakmundi, 1162-See:Mundi (varieties)
Gora-nebu, 346--See:Nebu (varieties}
Gorani, 420
Goranta-See:-Mullugoranta
Goranti-vittulu-See:Shimagoranti vittulu;
Vittulu (varieties)
Gorchikkudu, 421
Goriundi, 860
Gorivi, 699
Gorochan, A/l44
Gorochana, M/97; A/145;
A/161
Gorochanam, A/161
Gorochanamu, A/145
Gorojanai, A/16I
Gorojanam, A/161
Gorti, 175
Gom, A/146
_f_
I
Goruchettu, 519
Goruma, 519
Gorurchampa, 993-See:Champa (varieties)
Gorwa-See:-Minjurgorwa
Gosai, 1286
Gosamp, A/233
Goshtam, 1108
Gostan, 1108
Gota-See:-Sagar-gota;
Tambad-gota
Gotagamba, 565
Gote, 395
Gotaghanba, 565
Goting, 1203
Gotti, 1319
Gourd-See:-Gourd
small; .
Bitter bottle-gourd; Bottlegourd; Long white-gourd;
White gourd; Indian bottle
gourd; Red gourd; Snakegourd; Spanish-g 0 u r d ;
Towel-gourd;
Wax-gourd;
Indian wild gourd; Wild
snake gourd; Wild gourd
Gourde, 721
Gourd Melon-See:-White
gourd melon
Gourd small, 402-See:.:Gourd etc. (varieties)
Gourge, 407
Gouri-balli, 674
Gouribija, 688
Gouritvac, 166
Govekari, 822
Goverdhan, 526
Govila, 1283
Govindaphal,~67
Govindphal, 265
Govu,1244
Govuldu,- 273
Gow?li,593
Gowar, 420-See:-Deshigowar; Makania-gowar;
"Pardeshi" gowar;
Sotia
gowar; "Wakac;lia" go war.
Gowgird, M/119
Gowpurgee, 199
r
INDEX
Goyazin, A/161
Goyijiyashivalarn, 254
Goyya-pandu, 1017
Goyya-pazharn, See:-(Segapu), 1017
Gram-See:":_Bengal grarn;
Black
gram;
Cowgrarn;
Green-gram; Comrrion-gram
Gramya,863
Gramya animals, A/140
Granatbaum, 1031
Grand or greater galangal, 77
-See:-Galangal
Grandika-See:-Shadgrandika
Granite, M/93
Granite-felspar-See:Felspar of granite
Granthagolomi-See:Shadgranthagolomi
Granthi, 425-See:-Ugragranthi; Sthulagranthi
Granthikam, 965
Grapes, 1285
Grass-Grasses of many varieties have been treated in this
book
Grass of Nemaur, 107-See:N emaur grass
Gratiola, thyme-leaved, 624See:-Thyme-leaved gratiola
Greater cardamom, 93-See:Cardamom (varieties)
Greater galangal-See:Grand or greater galangal '\
Great-leaved Caledium, 72See:-Caledium
"Great Mullein", 1266-See:Mullein
Great one-homed Rhinoceros,
A217
A/217-See:-Rhinoceros
Great Pumpkin, 407-See:PumiPkin (varieties)
.
Grechevnaya (groats) 534-See:-Groats
Green Basil, 864-See:-Basil
( varieties)
787
Green Copperas, M/63-See:Copperas (varieties)

Green dove, A/15~ee:
Dove
Green Gram, 939-See:Gram (varieties)
Green Peas-See:-Pea; Peas
(varieties)
Green Vitriol, M/63-See:Vitriol (varieties)
Grenandier cultive, 1031
G;rey Partridge, A/162-See:
-Partridge (varieties)
Gridhrani, 138
Grishma-sundaraka, 805
Grishmasundara Parpataka,
804-See:-Parpataka
Groats-See:Grechevnaya
Groseille, 1064
Gross blumige Narda, 839
Groundnut, 121
Group of winged insects, A/166
-See:-Insects
Grozet, 1064.
Grudi, 1065
Gua, 130
Guabak, 130
Guaku, 1048
Guar, 420
Guara, 472
Guarapata, 54
Guarea grandiflora, A/203
Guava, 1017
Guavilakri, 699
Gubadarra, 615
Gu-baval, 14-See:-Baval
(varieties)
Gubui, 733
Guchcha,110
Gudametige, 1282
Gudan, 379
Gudapandu, 1238
Gudatvak, 328
Gudbel, 356
Guddada-ippae, 273-See:Ippe-mara
788
Guddae-See:-Kosuguddae;
Gulab-ke-phul, 1072
Gadda Gadde (varieties~
Gulabnu-phul, 1072
Gudhal,631
Gulabshavante, 1072
Gudhatee, 138
Gulancha, 356; 1220-See:Gudhl-See:-Vari-gudhi '
Padma-gulancha
Gudide Gaddithaigadaparal 138 Gulanjbala, 993-See: -Bala
Gudu-See:-Wara-gudu
(varieties)
Guduchi, 356; 1220-See:Gulap, 1073
Guloochee
Gular, 548-See:-Katgular;
Gudumal, 599
Kathgular; Umbar-gular
Gugal, 167; 172; 211-See:- Gular Fig, 548-See: - Fig
Dhup gugal
(varieties)
Gugala, 172
Gula-veli, 1220
Gugali-See:-Dhup-gugali
Gulbas, 199
Gugara, 167
Gulbel, 356
Gugargadi, 130
Gulchandni, 685
Guggul, 167; 211-See:- .
Gulcheri, 997
Samudraguggul
Gulchin, 993
Guggula, 167; 211
Gulchini, 310; 1071
Gugguladhup, 57-See:Guldandi, 310
Dhup (varieties)
Guldora, 739
Guhasaya animals, A/139
Gul duparia, 932
Gui-babhul, 14-See:Gule Armani, M/lO
Babhula
Gule supada, 704
Guilandina bonduc, 226-See: Gulgul, 346
-Bonduc
Guli, 520-See: -Bhuiguli;
Guinea Grass, 774; 898;' 900
Nela-guli; Peat-guli
Guir, 1089
Gul-i-abbasa, 803
Gujakarni, 1059
Guli-atab, 614
Gujar, 157
Guli-Banafshah, 1274-See:Gujari, 703
Banafshah; Bikh-e-hanafGuji, 822-See:-Benali
shah
guji
Guligaozabana, 871-See:Gu-kikar, 14-See:-Kikar
Gaozaban
(varieties)
Gul-i-ghafis, 573
Gukkal,167
Guligida-See :-Kiriguligida
Gukkulu, 167
Gul-i-khere, (flowers) 84
Gukul,172
Gulili, 869 "';
GuI, 313; 1072-See:-Pentgul; Gulimidi -See:-Nelagulimidi
Visagul
.
Guli-Pistah, 97--5-See:Pistah '
Gulab, 1071; 'l072-See:Swetgulab
Gulisetenda-See: _:_
Gulabbas, 803
Nellagulisetenda
Gulabi, 393; 1286
Gulisurkh, 1072-See:Gulabihuvu, 1072
Surkh (varieties)
Gulab jam, 518--See:--;-Jam
Gul-jaari, 1190
(varieties)
, ,
Gulkakru, 994
Gulabjamun, 518
."Gulkhairo,
84
,.
I
INDEX
Gul-kheir, 763
Gulli, A/156
Gul-mendi, 676-See: -Mendi;
JangIi-mendi
Gulmirch, 969-See: -Mirch
(varieties)
Gulmirien, 969
Gulmundi, 1162-See:Mundi (varieties)
Gulnar, 1Q32
GuIoe, 1220
Guloochee or Guduchi, 356
Gulsabo, 997
Gulsakari, 1138
Gul-seati, 1071
Gulshabba, 997
Gulu, 1170
Guluchi, 1220
Gulugkura, 297
Guluglluppaichedi, 394
Gulvel, 356
Gulwail, 1220
Guma, 735
Gumadi,584
Gumar, 584
Gum-arabic tree--See:-Indian
gum-arabic tree
Gamari, 584
Gumar-tek, 584
Gumabala-See: -Bujagumbala; Halagumbala;
Sandigumbala
Gumbalo, 407
Gumbar,584
Gum Benzoin, 1182-See:Benzoin tree
Gumbhar, 584
Gumchl,5
Gum cobal, 1225-See: -Cobal
Gum-gugul, 167-See: -Gugul
Gumhar, 584
Gummadi-See: -Boodigummadi; Pottai-gummadi; Darigummadi
.
Gummadi kayi, 407-See:Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Gummidi-See: -Budithigummidi; PulIa-gummidi
789
Gummudu-Se~: -NeIa-
gummudu
Gumpina, 865
Gumthi, 1307
Gum Tragacanth, 158--See:Tragacanth
Gum tree--See: -Blue gum
tree
Gumuadu teku, 584
Gumudu-See: --Challagumudu; Shu-igumudu
Gunakandi, 691-8ee:Kandi (varieties)
Gunamanijhad, 1255
Gunapendalam, 450
Gunara, 895
Gunchl, 5
Gunda-gilla, lS2-See: -Gilla
Gundali, 892
Gundandi, 311
Gundatiga-gaddi, 1117
Gunda-tunga-gaddi, 1117
Gundhabhaduli, 892
Gundhak, M/119
Gundhun, 62
Gundra, 1082; 1087
Gundu__:__See:-Mullugundu;
Gandamgundu
Gundubee-See: -Kuchoo
gundubee
Gundubi--'-See: -Kuschagundubi
Gundu-gungure) 281
Gundumani, 5-See: -Anegundumani
Gundu-mida, 296
Gungen, 792
Gunglu junglic, 577
Gunj, 445-See:-Thorligunj
Gunja, 5
Gunjamkorai, 81)3
Gunobar, 957
Gunserai, 330
Gunta Bharinga, 1009
Gunta-galijaeru, 469-See:'Galijeru (varieties)
Guntagalijeran, 471
Gunta-kalagara, 469
790
Gurach, 1220
Gurapu-badam, 1170-See:Badam (varieties)
Guras, 1060
Gur-Began, 756-See:Began
Gurbiani, 1213
Gurdlu, 1014
Gurellu, 595
Gurenda, 298
Gurguli, 101
Gurgunna, 504
Guri, 148
Guria,717
Guricha, 1220
Gurjan-See: -Bandeegurjan
Gurjun, 456
Gurjun-oil-tree, 456
Gurkamai, 1152-See: -Kantagur-karnai
Gurkenahnlicher Balsarnapel,
805
Gurkenartiga Haarbhmne,
1235
Gurlu, 368
Gurrnal, 372
Gurrnar, 596; 599
Gurrnur, 368
Gurtichettu, 430
Guruchandan, A/161-See:Chandan (varieties)
Guruchi, 937
Guruginia, 5
yurugu,90
Gurugunji, 5
Gurutike-See: -Heggurutike
Gurvina-See:-Bandi
gutvina
Gusva-gutti, 1233
Gutchha, 226
Gutea,116
Guti, 1144; 1145-See:-,Mariguti
Gutika salt, M/I0l-See:Salt (varieties)
Guttah-rukam-puteh, If65
Guttibira, 752
.
Gutvel, 1145
I
Guvaine, 835
Guvaka, 130
Guvar kai, 420-See: -Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Guvvulu, 1126
Guyababula, 14
Gwal, 1235
Gwaldakh, 1065
Gypsum, M/46
Gypsum selenite, M/46-See:
-Selenite gypsum
Haalu, A/I71
Haarblume Gurkenartiga, 1235
Habak, 864
Habbula 'Kakange, 1291
Habbul-balasan, 171
Habbussala, 166
Hab-el-arus, 400
Habel-balsana, 171
Hab-el-ghar, 729
Habhhul-aaraar, 710
Habula-ghara, 729
Habul Bakar, 726-See:Bakar
Hab-ul-ban, 784-See: Ban
Habul-kalkal, 271
Hab-ul-khalba, 1119
Hab-ul-salatina, 396
Hab-ul-ushara, 710
Hab-un-nil, 68B-See: -Nil
(varieties)
Habusasonadava, 282
Habush, 969
Hadaga,52
Hadaka, 1150"
Hadid-See:-Khabsul-Hadid
Hadida, M/54 ~
Hadsankal, 1284 Haemarago, 713
Haematite-See: -Ferram
haematite
Hafshi, 1286
Hagala-kayi, 805-See: -Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Hage-See: -Cow-hage
INDEX
Haimavathi, 133; 1205

Hair Powder, M/S5
Haja Akkula, 611
Hajaratalbaqr, A/144
Hajar-ul-musa, M/23
Hajeru,800
Hajrarmani, M/94
Hajr-ul-bahr, A/161
Hakik,255
Hakkarike,474; 719
Hakki kalin hullu, 476
Hakni, 708
Hakuchi, 1019
Hakukare-See: -Kadahakukare
Hakuna,395
Hal, 877-See:-Batthal;
Dudh-batthal
Halad, 414-See: -Amba
halad; Ban-halad; Darhalad;
Dar-hald: Darhaldi; Daru
halad; Jharki-halad; Kalihalad'; lVIalabari hal ad Ranhalad; Vedihalad
Halada,414
Halade---See: -Jhade-halade
Haladi-pavate, 809
Haladiya Bachnaga, 376-See:
-Bachnag
Haladwail, 634
Halagumbala, 722-See:Gumbala (varieties)
Halakoratige, 430-See:Koratige
Halarru-makkal, 153
Halasu,146
HaIdee, 843
Halder, 414
Haldi, 414; 415-See:Amahaldi; Ambe haldi;
Jangli-haldi; Jhar-haldi;
Kala-haldi
Haldi-algu-silata, 419
Haldi-gach, 384
Haldikarabi, 849-See:KarabiHal-dumlua, 1265-See:Dumlua
791
Hale, 80
Halela, 1205-See: -Zardhalela
Halgyan hullu, 449
Halib, A/I71
Halibachchele, 1007-See:Bachchele; Bacchale
Haligilu, 1226
Halilahezarda, 1205
Halilaja, 1205
Halim, 736-See: -Piriya
halim
Halipriya, 118-See: -Priya
(varieties)
Halja, 415
Hallaka, 859
Hal-mekki, 405-See:Mekki (varieties)
Haltheeth, 537
Halud,414
Halvi-vari, 899-See:-Vari
( varieties)
Halyan,153
Halyun, 153
Hamama-:-See:-Samagh
Hamama
Hambadavu, 432,
Hamekkae, 335
Hamsagar, 716
Hana,1205
Hanamphala, 115
Hand, 313
Handi Daroya, 103-See:Daroya
Handi-gedde, 1190
Handtheilige haarblume, 1237
Hanemara, 1025
Hanfartige ketmie, 628
Hankaru, 267
Hans, A/143
Hansa, A/143
Hanspadi, 43
Hansraj, 43; 44
Hanudun,50
BanzaI, 335
Hanzal-e-ahmara, 1238
,Hanzal-i-surkha, 1238--See:Surkha (varieties)
792
Hanzul,335
Haparmali, 468
Hapusha, 710; 969; 1218
Har, 857; 1205-See:-Pilehar; Bal-har; Zangihar
Hara-See: -Pile-hara
Haradul, 415
Hara-Kasis, M/64-Se e : Kasis; Hira-kasis
Haralal-See : _Lal-haralal
Haralu, 1065-See: -Kadaharalu; Bettada-haralu
Hararnada, 733-See:-~da
(varieties)
Hara-mekki-Kayi, 335-See:Mekke-kayi; Mekki
Haranasing, A/152-S ee : Sing (varieties)
Haran Tutiya, 369-See:Tutia (varieties)
Haraphalvadi, 163
Harara, 1205
Haratala, M/21; M/46
Haratutia, M/64-See:Tutiya-saba; Tutia
(varieties)
Haravarana, 387
Harawana, 508
Harbara, 311
Harbarchana, 311-See:Chana (varieties)
Harbhanga, 1284-See:Bhanga
Harcuch-kanta, 19-5ee:Kanta (varieties)
Harda, 1205-See:-Kabuliharda
Harde-See: _Pilo-harde
Hardi" 1205
Hardu, 44
Harduli, 868
Haree-chaha, 104-See:Chaha (varieties)
Harfarauri, 946; 947
Harial, A/158
Hariali, 425
#'.
Haricot a trois lobes, 9.42,Haricot bean-See: ~Beans;
French Haricot bean

Haricot mungo, 939
Haricot nain, 940
Har~cot Radie, 940
Haridra, 414; 415-See:Daruharidra; Karpuraharidra; Vana-haridra
Harik,924
Harikasa,19-See: -Kasa j
Rajanikasa; Kasakasa
Hari-mantha, 1009
Harin-See: -Farisa.il harin
Harinashuk-chini, 1144:-See:
-Chini (varieties)
Harinhara, 94
Harira, 1211
Harita, A/158-See: -Jhinj
harita
Haritaki, 1205; 1211
Haritala, M/20-S ee : -Pinda
haritala; Vansapatri haritala
Harita-manjiri, 17
Harivera, 925
Harjora, ~284
Harjori, 334
Harkai, 1050
Harki, 310
Harkuch, 485
Harle, 1205-See: -Pilo-harle
Harma-See:-Meena-harma
Harmal,927
Harmala, 927
Harmazi, M/94
Harmel, 1284
Haro, 532
Harpurrewdi, 946
Harrani, 431
Harrar, 1205 ,~
Harsankar, 1284
Harsankari, 1284~
Harsinghar, 857-See::-Singhar
Hartho, 1119
Hart's horn, A/152-See:Horn (varieties)
Haruhi: -See: - V alliharuhi
Harwal, 1284
Haryali, 425
INDEX
Hasan dhup, M/94-See:Dhup (varieties)

IIasha, 1219
Hashab,15
Hashi-Shunti, 1309-See:Shunti
Hasjora, 1284
Hastantra, A/160
Hasti, A/160
Hastidanta, A/160-: See:Danta
Hastikarni, 372
Hastini-See:-Srihastini
Hastipada, 474-See:-Pada
(varieties)
Hastipijoo, 614-See:Pijoo
Hastisunda, 617-See:-Sunda
( varieties)
,
Hastushat-el-kalb, 771
Hatana, 1211
Hatavari, 154--See:-Vari
(varieties)
Hatbadam, 1205-See:Badam (varieties)
Hathela-Ghugu, A/158
Hathhi, A/160
Hathia, 52
Hathichak, 614
Hathidant, A/160-See:Dant
Hathi-khatiyan, 38-See:Khatiyan
Ha:thisundhana, 617-See:Sundhana
Hati, A/160
Hati-ankusa, 972
Hatichuk, 425-See:-Chuk
Hatisura, 617
Hatkan, 733
Hatmudia, 1233
Hatmul, 1184
Hatmuli, 154-See:-Muli
(varieties)
Hatta-juri, 617
Hatti-588
Hatti paila, 519
Hatt-ttumatti, 405-See:Tumatti (varieties)
51
793
Hau-See:-Hijrata Hau
Hauf-See:-Water-hauf
Hava, 335
Havala, A/156
Haveeja, 381
Hawar, 457
Hayapuchika, 580
Hazardana, 524; 529-See:Dana (varieties)
Hazarmani, 949
.Hazbo, 861
Hazel nuts, 383
Hazr-ul-bahar, M/97
Hearl-leaved moonseed 356-See:-Moonseed
'
Heart-pea, M/I03-See:-Pea
(varieties)
(See:-Nayaphatakipana)
Heart's Pea, 271-See:-Pea
(varieties)
Heartwood, 629
Heathen wound-herb, 1158See:-Wound-herb
Hebbulure, 1211
Hedge-See:-Common milk,hedge
Hedyotis auriculaire, 609
Heera, M/l
Heeraka, Mil
Heera Kasus, M/64-See:Kasus
Heere-kai, 751-See Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Heggenasu, 450-See:Genasu
Heggurutike, 1098-See:Gurutike
Hejuchei, 735
He-ki-en, 1138
Heliotrope, 617
Heliotrope-des-Indes, 617
Hellebore-See:-Black
hellebore
Hellela, 1205
Heltege, 118
Hemapushpik,a, 702
Hemapuspi, 411
Hemasagara, 716
794
THE INDIAN ,MATERIA MEDICA
Hematite, M/95
Hemda, 890
Hemidesmus wurzel, 619
Hemmara, 57
Hemp-See:-Ambari hemp;
Benwal
hemp;
Bombay
hemp; Brown Indian hemp;
Indian hemp; Deccan hemp;
Mountain hemp; Rozelle~
hemp; Sann-hemp; Sunn
hemp
Hemp Agrimony, 522-See:Agrimony heID!P or Hemp
agrimony
Hen (domestic), A/162
Hena, 730
Henbane, 670
Henda, 1300
Henna, no
'Henne, 730
Rental, 946
Heran, 1065
Herbe-due-chagrin, 947
Herbe puante, 351
Herbepudique ou Vive
Mimuese, 799
Hermodactyls-See:-Kashmir
Hermodactyls
Heron, A/l44
Herring-See:-Indian
Herring
Hesaru, 939
Hettuti-gida, 1135-See:Kisangi-hettutti-gida
Heuber, 360
Hexenmehl, 758
Heyne's Flugelsamen, 934
Hibiscus-See :-Edible
Hibiscus; Common garden
hibiscus
Hibiscus albelmoschus, A/203
Hijal, 176
Hij-daona, 524
Hij jai, 176
Hijjala, 17G
Hijlibadam, 96-See:-Badam
(varieties)
.o..,r
Hijrata Hau, M/95-See:-Hau
;..
Hikal, 289
Hiked, 1129
Hikua, 153
Hila-anwal, 1280-See:Anwal
Hilampchika, 485-See:Mochika
.
Hill champa, 796-,See:Champa (varieties)
Hill colocynth, 405-See:colocynth
Hill~palm, 28O-See:-Palm
(varieties)
Hilsa, A/215; A/216
Hilsa fish, A/214-See:-Fish
( varieties)
,
Himadruma, 784
Himaja, 1205
Himalayan cedar, 295-See:Cedar (varieties)
Himalayan Gentian-See:Gentian; Indian gentian
Himalayan Onion, 64-See:Onion
Himalayan or Indian Gentian,
573-See:-Gentian
(varieties) .
Himalayan rhubru;b, 1056-See:
-Rhubarb (varieties)
Himalayan Silver Fir, 3-See:
-Silver Fir; Fir; Fir tree
Himalayan Yew, 1196-See:Yew
Himalcheri, 478
Himamaluka, 466
Himsagar, 371
Himsimiri, 400-ee:-Miri
(varieties)
,
Himvaluka, 250-See:Valuka
...
Himyau, A/167
Hina, 730
Hin-bin-tal, 411-See:-Tal
(varieties)
Hindano, 338
Hindi-S'ee:-Buch-nak-hindi;
Finduk-i-Hindi; Arta-niyalhindi; Aushbahe-hindi:
I
r
INDEX
79'5
Kabare-hndi; Naanai-hindi;
Verali
Sazaj-i-Hindi; Sana-e-Hindi; Hirabol, 170-See:-Bol
Shaqaqule-hindi;
Ushba( varieties)
hindi;
Zarovande-hindi
Hirada, 1205
Katira-i-Hindi; Kharabeka- Hirade, 1206-See:-Balahindi; Kharbaqehindi;
hirade
Khune-siyiavushane-hindi;
. Hiradukhi, 233; 464
Magha-thi-Hindi; Mazerum- Hirakam, Mil
e-Hindi; Piyaz-i-dasht-iHira-kas, M/64
Hindi; Vandehindi; Basalula- Hirakasa, M/64-See:-Kasa
phare-Hindi
(varieties)
Hindiba, 313
.
Hira-Kasis, Mj64-See:Hindi salsa, 619-See:-Salsa
Kasis; Hara-Kasis
Hindisana, 284; 286-See:Hirakosis, M/64
Sana (varieties)
Hiramicha, 485
Hirankhori, 378
Hindol,176
Hiranpadi, 375
Hinduba, 313
Hiranpag, 375
Hindyba, 313
Hing, 537; 541-See:-Maltani Hiranwel, 892
hing; Moliani rung
Hiranya-tuttha, 369-See:Tuttha (varieties)
Hingalo, M/72
Hirda, 1205
Hingan, 166
Hiremara, 56
Hingcha, 48~See:-Cha
Hiressa, 1284
(varieties)
Hingende-kola, 1007-See:Hirimaddina-gadday, 1292
Kola (varieties)
Hiringi powdee, M/95
Hinger, 166
Hirre-gadday, 1292
Ringol, 166 .
Hirruseeah, 523
Hingool, M/123
Hirlhawariya, 151
Hingot, 166
Hirtiz, 528
Hingotu-kola, 662-See:-Kola Hiruchi-See:-Vanhiruchi
(varieties)
Hirvi,822
Hingra, 537
Hmyaseik, 128
Hingu, 537-See:-Nadi-rungu HodlOi Ranbhendo, 629-See:Hingul bhasma-See:-Red
Ranbhendo; Bhendo
sulphide ash
Hodu-taikilo, 289-See:Hingunadika, 569-See:Taikilo
Nadika
Hog-See:-Oil of Sen hog;
Hinhurh, 418-See:-Hurh
Sen hog
Hinie, 731
.
Hogesoppu, 850
Hinna-i-Korisha, 992-See:- Hogla, 1253
Korisha
Hog's lard tree, 1132-See:Hintah, 1244
Lard; Lard-tree
Hintala, 946
Hog.plum-See:-Indian hogHipli,965
plum; Plum (varieties)
Hippali, 965-See:-NelaHog-weed-See:-Spreading
hippali
hog-weed; Weeds (varieties)
Hippal verali, 816-See:Hole-dasaI, 723
796
Holematti, 1199-See:-Matti
( varieties)
I
Holy Basil, 865-See:-BasiJ
(varieties)
Holy leaved Acanthus, 19-5~e:
-Acanthus
Homam, 1028
Honal, 1211
Hondapara, 448--See:-Para
(varieties)
Honde, 302
Honey, A/l44; A/191-See:Chhatra; Kshaudra; Argha;
Bhramara; Unprepared
honey; Wild honey;
Makshika
Honey bush, 821
Honey, clarified, A/195--See:-
Clarified honey
Honey-suckle-See:-Chinese
honey-suckle
Honey, unprepared, A/193See:-Honey (varieties)
Honey, wild, A/193
Hongara, 508
Honge-mara, 1001
Honnae or Honne, 1025-See:
-Mullu-honne; Surohonnae
Honnu, M/32
Hooli-ganji, l290-See:Ganji
Hopa, 1234
Bora, 1205
Horatel, 456-See:-Tel
(varieties)
Horn-See:-Deer - h 0 r n;
Hart's horn; Stag's horn
Horn-hound-See:-White
horn-hound
Horse, A/160
Horse-gram Plant, 458
Horse-radish, 8ll-See:-,Radish (varieties)
House sparrow, A/212-~ee:
-Sparrow
Hownsraj, 44
Hozar,999
H'pa-noung, A/151
Hrasvanga, 408--See:-Vanga
Hrinnala, M/55
H'sang, M/86
Hsathanpaya, 568--See:-Paya
Hsaydan-Shwaywa, M/21
Hsen, A/160
H'tonphia, M/44
Hubb-ul-mushk, 626-See:Mushk (varieties)
Hubbus sapharjala, 1038--See:
-Sapharjala
Hubula Sanobara, 957-See:Sanobara
Hub-ul-kulai, 818
Hucha bevu, 784-See:-Bevu
(varieties)
Hudai, 1168
Huile-dectiglium, 396
Huile Volatile da Genievre, 710
Hukmandaz, 1064 '
Hulabaha, 1240
Hulaobul, 1080
Huleshalabally, 1075
Hulga, 458
Hulge,458
Hul-hul, 351i 599
Huli-See:-Arka-huli; Darehuli; JorigehuYi-mara;
Shwet-huli; Shankha-huli
Huligowri, 629
Huli-huniche, 890
Hulkasha, 739
Hulkusha, 739
Hulkussa, 740
Hulligyan hul1u, 499
Hullu (Grass)-See:-Vilayatihullu
"1
Hulugiri, 651
Huluva, 1211 _
Hulya-kring, 1309 _
Huma,486
Human milk, A/175-See::j.VIilk (varieties)
.
Humble Plant, 799
Hummaz, 1079
Humug,311
Humula, 715
INDEX
Hunab,1211
Hunasehannu, 1191
N. B.:-There are many other
varieties treated in this book.
Hunchik, 305
Hundred-leaved rose, 1071See:-Rose (varieties)
Hungarian millet, 1131-See:
-Millet (varieties)
Hunisay, 1191
Hunnoo, M/44
Hura-tutia, M/63-See:Tutia (varieties)
Hurduja, 614
Hurf, 736
Hurh, 1205-See:-Hinhurh
Hurhur, 599-See:J angli-hurhur
Hurhuria, 351; 599-See:Sada-hurhuria
H uriallee grass, 425
Hurmal, 927
Hurmuro, 927
Hurna, 1104.
Hurrea kadava, 722
Hurriphal, 163
Hursini, 256
Hurua, 1104
Huruli, 458
Hustikasaka, 474
Hutchellu, 595-See:-Ellu
(varieties)
Huttian, 207; 505
Huyer, 362
Huziru, 800
Hyacinth-See:-Waterhyacinth
Hyam, M/54
Hyamaraka, 1296
Hyat-See:-J akhm-Hyat
Zakhemi-i-l)yat; Zakhmhyat
Hydrated Magnesium, M/96-See:-Magnesium
Hydrated magnesium silicate,
M/96:-Magnesium silicate
Hydrous wool fat, A/137See:-Wool-fat
797
(varieties)
Hypericon, 673
Hypso, M/16
Hyssopus officinalis, A/203
Hyufarikum, 673
Ibhrankussa, 107-See:Kusa (varieties)

Ibrat-ur-raae, 577
lehan, 946
Ichchi, 554
Ichchuramula, 139-See:Mula (varieties)
Icchi, 551
Ichthyocoll?, A/135
Idanimbu, 160.-See:-Nimbu
(varieties)
'Idulshahi' dates, 944-See:Dates (varieties)
Ignatius beans~ee: -St.
Ignati1.ls beans; Beans
(varieties)
Ikkiri, 667
Ikshu, 1083
Ikshugandha, 667; 1229-See:Gandha (varieties)
_
Ikshuramallika, 75-Mallika
(varieties) ,
Iktil-el-malik, 1243
Ilab-ul-as, 838
Ilachi-See: -Morang-ilachi
Ilaikkalli, 524--See: -Kalli
(varieties)
Ilal-kalmi, 685-See: -Kalmi
(varieties)
Ilandai, 1316
Ilantha, 1316
Ilavam, 505
Ilavan-See: -lVIulilavan
Ilavangam, 332
Ilayechi, 94
Ilis, A/215
Illisa, A/215
mu-katte, 674
Illupai, 181-See:-Madhookam illupai
798
Illuppi, 182
Imachi, 1205
Imbli,1191
Imli, 1191
Impure commercial zinc,
M/130-See:-Zinc
(varieties)
Impure or factitious carbonate
of Potash, M/88-See-:
Carbonate of Potash; Potash
carbonate
Impure nitre, M/91-Nitre
( varieties)
Impure oxide of iron, M/62See:-Iron (varieties)
Impure potash carbonate or
Impure Potassium carbonate,
M/8S-See: -Carbonate of
Potassium
Impure Potassium Catbonate,
M/88--See:-Carbonate of
potassium
Impure tin, M/l16-See:-Tin
(varieties)
Inchi grass, 424
Indai,579
lndar-jave-talkh, 634-See:Jave-talkh
Indar-Javitalkh, 634--See:Javi-talkh
Indarjow, 1296
Inderjav-See: -Kalainderjav
Indhana, 141
Indian acalypha, 17-See:..:_
Acalypha
Indian aconite, 23-See:Aconite
Indian Almond, 1205-See:Almond (varieties)
Indian aloes, 73-Seei-Aloe
(varieties)
Indian antelope, A/143-See:
-Antelope
Indian arrowroot, 634::--See:Arrowroot; East Indian
arrowroot
. ..,.
~
Iud ian arrow-wood, 520--8ee:

-Arrow-wood
Indian atees, 25-See: -Atees
Indian Barberry, 187--8ee:
Barberry (varieties)
Indian bean, 461-See:'-Bean
(varieties)
Indian Bedellium, 167-See:Bedellium
Indian Beech, 100l-See:Beech
Indian Berry, 360-See:Berry (varieties)
Indian birthwort, 139-See:Birthwort
Indian blue-waterlily-See:East Indian blue-waterlily;
Lily (varieti~s)
Indian bitter apple, 335-See:
-Bitter apple; Apple
(varieties)
Indian blue-water lity-See:East Indian blue-water lily
Indian bottle gourd, A/203See: -Gourd; Bottle-gourd
(varieties)
Indian Bread-shot, 255-See:Bread-shot
Indian Butter Tree, 178; 179See: -Butter-Tree
Indian cadaba, 225-See:Cadaba
Indian Caltrop, 1227-See:Caltrop (varieties)
Indian Copal Tree, 1265-See:
-Copal tree
Indian Corallfree, 50S-See:Coral tree
Indian corn, 1304-See:Corn (varieties) Indian Cotton Plant, 587-See:
-Cotton Plant; cotton
(varieties )
Indian Crane, A/143-See:Crane
Indian Cyperus, 427-See:Cyperus
INDEX
Impure tin, M/llS-Tin

Indian Eel (Ban fish,) A/214;
A/216-See:-EeI
Indian Filbert, l102-Filbert
Indian Forget-me-not, 617See: -Forget-me-not
Indian Frankincense, 211See: -Frankincense
Indian gall-nut, 1205-See:Gall-nut
Indian gamboge, 565-See:Gamboge
Indian Gentian-See:Gentian; Himalayan
gentian
Indian globe-thistle-See:East Indian Globe-thistle;
Thistle (varieties)
Indian Gooseb.erry, 480-See:
-Goose berry (varieties)
Indian gum-arabic tree, 9-See: -Gum-arabic tree
Indian Hemp, 256-See:Hemp (varieties)
Indian herring, A/214; A/216
See: -Herring
Indian Hog-plum, ll66-See:Hog-plum
Indian Iora-See: -lora
Indian Jack tree, 146-See:Jack tree
Indian Jalap, 691-See:Jalap
.
lndian Jamaica, 5-See:Jamaica
Indian Kamala, 760-See:Kamala
Indian Kino, l025-See:Kino (varieties)
Indian laburnum, 285 See:Laburnum
Indian Lilac, 776-Lilac
(varieties)
,
Indian Madder, l075-See:Dyer's Madder; Madder;
Two-flowered Indian Madder
IndIan Mahogany tree, 294See: -Mahogany tree
799
Indian mastiche-See:_
Mastiche (varieties)
Indian millet, 477-8ee:Millet (varieties)
Indian Mulberry, 809-8ee:_
Mulberry; white mulberry
Indian mustard-See: -Common Indian mustard;
Mustard (varieties)
Indian Night-shade, 1149-See:
-Night-shade (varieties)
Indian Olibanum, 2ll-See:Olibanum
Indian Parselane-See: -Common Indian-parcelane; Parselane
Indian Partridge-See: -Common Indian partridge; Partridge; Grey-partridge
Indian Penny-wort, 662-See:
-Penny-wort
Indian Peppermint-See:Peppermint (varieties)
Indian Persimon, 452-See:Persimon
Indian Podophyllum, 994-See:
-Podophyllum
Indian radish, 1049-See:Radish (varieties)
Indian Red-wood tree, 1161See: -Red-wood tree
Indian rhubarb, 1056-See:Rhubarb (varieties)
Indian Root-See: -East
Indian Root
Indian Rosebay-See: -East
Indian Rosebay; Rosebay
(varieties)
Indian Sarsaparilla, 619-See:
-Sarsaparilla (varieties)
Indian Screw-tree-See:East Indian Screw-tree;
Screw-tree
Indian Senna, 286-See:Senna (varieties)
Indian Skink, A/191-See:Skip.k
800
Indian Sorrel, 890-S~:

Sorrel (varieties)
Indian Spikenard, 840-See:Spikenard
Indian Spinach, 177-See:Spinach (varieties)
Indian Squill, 1116; 1256See: -Squill (varieties)
Indian Sweet Fennel, 557See: -Sweet Fennel; Fennel
(varieties)
Indian tree cotton, 586-See:Cotton (varieties) ; Treecotton
Indian Tree-spurge, 529-See:
-Tree-spurge
Indian valerian, 1260-See:Valerian (varieties)
Indian walnut, 61-See:-;Walnut
Indian Water Chestnut, 1227See:-Water Chestnut;
Chestnut, Sweet-chestnut
Indian White Rose, 1071-See:
-White Rose; Rose'
(varieties)
Indian wild gourd, 335-See:
-Gourd (varieties) Wild
gourd
Indian Wild Pepper, 1281See:-Wild pepper; Pepper
(varieties)
Indian Wild Vine, 1283-See:~
-Vine; Wild vine
(varieties)
Indian Wintergreen, 570See: -Wintergreen
Indigo-See:-Dyer's indigo;
True indigo
Indigotier a feuilles etroites,
677
Indigotier a neuf feuilles, 678
Indigotier argente, 677
Indigotier blue, 678
~
Indigotier des Teinturier.i 680
Indiravacham, 859
.~..."
.'
Indische Baum Woollen-staude,

588
Indischer Brodbaum, 146
Indischer Korallenbaum, 508
Indischer weithrauch-baum,
211
Indischer Zedrach, 776
Indisches Fal enohr, 1028
Indragopa, A/206
Indrajab, 634
Indrajau-ki-jhad, 402
Indrajao-See:-Kurvaindrajao; Sweet indrajao;
Ti taindraj ao
Indraj av, 1296-See: -Godeindrajava; Mitha-indrajava
Indrajava-See: -Mitha indrajava /
Indrajavanu, 634
Indra-maris, 18 .
Indrani, 1278
Indravadhi, A/206
Indravaruni, 335--See:-Kaduindravaruni
Indravraksharnu, 634
Indrayan, 335; 403-See:Jangli-indrayan; Katriindrayan; Lal-indrayan;
Pahadi-indrayan
Indrayava, 634-See:-'{ava
Indrayavam, 1296
Ingris-See:-Kapur-ingris
Induga, 1181
Il1duparni, 113-See: -Parni
(varieties)
Indur, Aj206
Indurkani, 690
Indu-uppu, M/108-See:Uppu (varieties)
Induvara, 844
Ingini, 1181
Inglika, M/72
Ingris-See: -Kakur-ingris
Ingudi, 1205
Ingudi-vraksha, 166
Ingur, M/86
Inguru, 1309
Inguva, 537
INDEX
Ingwer, 1309
Injal-See: - Thorinjal
Inji, 1309
Injubin, A/191
Ink nut, 1205
hmumaddi, 1211-See:Maddi (varieties)
Innupa Chittumu, M/62
Insects: (a group of winged),
A/166
Insoluble Sulphide of mercury
(Makaradhwaja), A/200See: -Sulphide of Mercury;
Mercuric sulphide; Black
sulphide of mercury
Intu-uppu, M/108-See:Uppu (varieties)
Inumu, M/54
Iora-See: -Indian lora
Inzarra Pushtu Wanne, 594
Ipar, 1219
lpecacuanha-See: -Bastard
or Wild ipecacuanha; Carthagena ipecacuanha; Country
Ipecacuanha Goaneseipecacuanha J ohoreipecacuanha; Minas ipecacuanha; Wild ipecacuanha
Ippachettu, 179
Ippaikizarigu-See Kalaippaikizanga
Ippe-mara, 179-See:Guddada-ippae
Ippi, 181-See: -Dudippi
Ippicha, 179
Iragi,477
Irambak kitane, M/62
Irampanae, 281
Irangun, 1046
Irapu, 426
Ireval-chinni-See :-Nattu
ireval-chinni
Irevel, 565
Irim.bu, M/54
Irimusu, 619
Irisa, 694
Irish moss, 310-See:-Moss
(varieties)
801
Irjviruttam, 285
Irlandishches moss, 310-See:
-Moss (varieties)
Iron, M/54-See: -Kanta-iron;
Tikshna iron; Wrought iron
Iron Bark, 512
Iron bisulphide-See:Bisulphide of Iron
Iron, cast-See: -Cast iron;
Properly cast iron
Iron magnesium-See:Magnesium iron
Iron oxide-See: -Magnetic
iron oxide; Magnetic oxide
of iron
Iron Pyrites, M/66; M/67See: -Pyrites (varieties)
Iron rust, M/62
Iron silajit, M/23-See:Silajit (varieties)
Iron Sulphate, M/63; M/65See: -Sulphate of iron
Iron sulphide-See-Sulphide
of Iron
Iron wood-tree, 787-See:Wood tree (varieties)
Irripa, 426
Irrupai-See: -Kattuirrupai
Irsa, 694
Irudbu, 426
lrul, 1298
Irulli, 63
Irumboo Chittan1, M/62
Isabghul, 980
Isabgool, 986
Isabgul, 980
Isafghol, 979
lsamdhari, 352
Isapagalavittulu, 980
Isapghul, 980
Isarbedi, 1134
Isband,927
Iser, 1014
Isfarez, 153
Isfedaj, M/85
Isgangalam parenda, 1284See: -Parenda
802
Isha langula, 666-See:Langula

I~hanchedi, 946
lshappukolvirai, 980-See:-;
Kolvirai; Virai (varieties),
Isharmul, 139
Ishaura~koda-udr, 1098
Ishvaramuri, 139-See:-Muri
Ishveraveru, 139
Jshwari, 139
Isinglass, A/135
Isinglass (American, Japanese,
Chinese), A/135
Isjiru-vellel, 666
hkiras, 670
Iskpecha, 688
Jsmad, M/13
Is-mogul, 980
Ispaghol, 980
Ispaghul, 980
Ispaghula, 980
Ispand, 927; 1081
Jspanga, A/230
Ispank, 1164
Isparzah, 980
Ispghol, 980
Isrenj, M/86
Issabagolu, 980
lssufgul, 980
Istarakura, 652-See: -Kura

(varieties)
Isvar, 235
lswara, 699
Italian millet, 897; 1131See: -Millet (varieties)
Hari, 1075
Itcham-See: -Peria-itcham.
ltha,946
Itsaka, 422; 1226-See:-Saka
(varieties)
Itsit, 203
Itthii-See: -Kal~itthii
Itti, A/151
Ivory, A/160
Ixora, 698
Iyam, M/83-See: -Suduiyam
.,
Jab, 653
Jaba, 631
J abat, A/196
Jabbaval, 14-See:-Baval
(varieties)
Jabusa, 611
Jacki Bean, 254-See:-Beans
(varieties)
Jack tree-8ee: -Indian Jack
tree.
J adaganja, 256-See: -Ganja
(varieties)
Jaddi, 1197
Jadika, 830
J adikkay, 830
Jadi-pattiri, 830-See:Pattiri
Jadu Palang, 145-See:Palang (varieties)
Jadvar, 177; 1095
Jadvar khata, 418--See:Khata
Jadwar,443
J aedima midi, 96
Jaentuppa, A/191-See:Tuppa
J aepatri, 830 . f
J affrachettu, 199
J affra-maram, 199
Jafran, 390
J agatmadan, 572
Jaggam,554
Jaggery Palm, 280-See:Palm (varieties)
Jagni,595
J agung, 1304
Jagya-domur, 547; 548
Jahar, 1175
~
Jahari-naral, 749-See:Naral
J ahari Sontakka, 62-See:Sontakka
Jahi, 701-$ee: -Sonajahi
J ai, 162-See: -Dariajai;
Vanajai; Ranjai
Jaiaputa, 1036
Jaija-soppu, 1228
Jaintar, 1130
INDEX
.jaipal, 396
J aiphal, 830-See: -J anglijaiphal
J aiputa, 1036
Jait, 1130
Jaivanti, 444
Jajhugri, 128
Jaji, 1295
Jajikai, 830-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Jajikaya, 830
.Jaji-malle, 701-See: -Malle;
Kondamalle
Jajnadtimar, 548
.Jakhmhyat, 717--See: Hyat
.Jakoli, 431-See:-Koli
(varieties)
Jala-Brahmi, 624-See:Brahmi (varieties)
.Jalada, 1181
J aladima, A/211
Jalamdasa, 1106
J alanirgundi, 1281-See:Nirgundi (varieties)
J alap--See: -Indian Jalap
Jalari-chettu, 1132
.Jalasukti, A/211
Jal-bichuti, 1226--See:Bichuti
Jaldaru, 1014-See: -Daru
(varieties)
Jali, 9--See:-Karijali; Gonajali; Mukajali
.JaIiamni, 362
J alidar kaskusri, 594-See:Kaskusri
J al-kumbhi, 976--See:Kumbhi
Jallaur, 184
Jalnim, 758-See:-Nim
( varieties)
_J alo, A/167
Jal-palam, 1080
J alpapra, 804
Jalu, A/167
J alugu, 1130
J aluka, Aj167.
803
Jam, 517-See:-Bhooi-jam;
Botee-jam; Gulab-jant;
Kala-jam
Jama, 1017
J amaica-See: -Indian
Jamaica
Jamaica liquorice, 5--See:Liquorice (varieties)
Jamaica Sarsaparilla, 1144See: -Sarsaparilla ! (varieties)
J amala-See: -SankulaJamala
J amalgot, 708-See: -Janglijamalgot
J amalgota, 396--See:J angli -j amalgota
J arnan, 516; 1032-See:-Raijaman
Jamana, 1016
Jama-phala, 1017
Jamava, 518
Jamba, 1017
J ambeeram, 341
Jambha,341
Jambho, 506
Jambir, 346
J ambira, 346--See:-Atavijambira
J ambiram-See:-Mahajambiram
J ambol-See: -Bhurajambol
J ambu, 516; 517
Jambudi, 517
Jambudo, 517
J ambuka-See: -Boomijambuka
J ambul, 516; 517
J ambula, 516
J ambura, 517
J amburi, 346
Jamir, 551
JamIe, 518
Jamma, 1016
Jammugaddi, 1253.
Jamni-phalani, 517
Jamoom, 517
804
J am-pandu, 1017
Jamph<, 1017
J amrukh, 1017
Jamti-ka-gratta, 362
.
Jamtike bel, 362-See: -B~l
(varieties)
Jamu, 518
J amudi-See: -Kada jamudi
Jamudu-See:-Nagajamudu;
Sima-jamudu
Jamuka, 338
Jan, 653; 1091; 1194-See:Attajan; Balatijan; Madhujan; Puta-jan; Kesaranjan;
Ranjan; Sahinjan
Janab, 392
Janamu, 392
Janapa, 392
J anappanar, 392
Janar, 1304
Janascha, 377
Jangali-badama, 253-See:Badam (varieties)
Jangalimuli, 202-See:-Muli
( varfeties)
Janghi-See: -Nasur-janghi
Ja:ugi-takla, 290
J angla animals, A/139
Jangli akrot, 61-See:-Akrot
J angli almond, 658-See:Almond (varieties)
Jangli alu, 94-See:-Alu
(varieties)
Jangli am, 1166-See:-Am
Jangli-anarash, 54-See:Anarash
Jangli-angur, 1283--See:Chhota jangli-angur; Angur
Janglian Jir, 550-See:-Jir
(varieties)
Jangli-badam, 253; 658; 661;
1170; 1205-See:-Badam
(varieties)
J angli Bulgar, 50-See:Bulgar; Bulgar-jangli
Jangli chichonda, 1235-See:
-Chichonda
_
J angli-dalchin, 332~e:.'
Dalchin
Jangli darchini, 33I-See:Darchini
J anglidrakh, I283-See:Drak or Drakh (varieties)
Jangli-erandi, 705-Erandi
(varieties)
Jangli haldi, 4I3-$ee:Raldi (varieties)
Jangli hurhur, 351-See:Rurhur
Jangli-Indrayan, 405-See:Indrayan (varieties)
J angli J aiphal, 834-See:Jaiphal
Jangli-Jamalgot, 7'08-See:Jamalgot
J angli-J amalgota, I66-See:Jamalgota
Janglijhan, 293-See:Jhan
J angli-kali-mirch, 1221-See:
-Kali-mirch (varieties)
Jangli-kalimirichi, I221-See:'
-Kali-mirichi (varieties)
Jangli-kanda, 1257-See:Kanda (varieties)
Jangli-kanvar, 54-See:Kanvar (varieties)
Jangli-Khaddu, 722-See:Khaddu
Jangli Kulthi, 561-See:Kulthi
Jahgli-kunwara, 55-See:Kunwara
Jangli lavender, 729-See:Lavender (varieties)
J angli-madan:;"must-ka-phul,
422-See: -Madan-mustka-phul (varieties)
J angli-matar, 726;_See:Matar
Jangli Mendi, 91-See:Mendi; Gul-mendi
Jangli-methi, 446; 1134-See:
-Methi (varieties)
Jangli Moha, 179-See:-Moha
(varieties)
INDEX
81)5
Jarjir, '506-See: -Ji.r;

.Jangli-mudrika,901-See:Janglian jir
Mudrika
J arulgachh, 432
.l angli mung, 942-See:Mung (varieties)
Jas, M/130
.l angli padavala, 1235-See:- J asad, Mj130
Padavala; Padval (varieties) J asata bhasma, Mj132
J asata-na-phula, M/132
J angli-:palak, l080-See:J asavanda, 631
Palak (varieties)
J ash-timadh, 582-See:-Madh
.langli-pikvan, 1252-See:J ashti-madhu, 582-See:Pikvan
Madhu (varieties)
J angli-pikwan, 150-See:J asmin-See:-Arabischel'Pikwan
Jangli-piyaz, 1257-See:jasmin; Jasmin blanc;
Chhoti -jungli pyaz; JungliGebranchlicher Jasmin
Jasmin a feuilles etroites, 700
pyaz; Piyaz
Jasmin blanc, 702
Jangli sarson, 1142-See:J asmine-See: -Ceylon
. Sarson ( varieties)
jasmine
.langli suran, 94-See:Jasmine d'arabic, 704--See:Suran; Wild suran
Jasmine or Jasmin
.langli-ushbah, 1145-See:( varieties)
Ushbah
J as soon, 631
J angolat, 593
J asta, Mj130
J angro-See: -Nundojangro
Jasund, 631
Jasunt, 631
.l ang-thoree, 753-See:Jata Kanchura, 374-See:Thoree
.lanjan, 1130
Kanchura
Jata Kanshira, 373-See:.lanthu-nashana, 478
.l anusar, 486
Kanshira
.lao, 653
J atamaktu, 427
Japa, 630
J atamamshi, 840
.lapal, 396
J atamanchi, 840
Jatamansi, 840-See:.lapala beeja, 396
Vilayeti-jhatamanshi
Japanese Isinglass, 571; A/135
-See: - Jsinglass
J atamashi, 840
(varieties)
Jatamasi, 840
Jatamavashi, 840
Japhran, 555
J aphrota, 705
J atamavshi, 840
.laquier, 146
J atamsi, 840
Jatayurkuli, 233
Jarah-See:-Miniak-jarah
Jathikai, 830-See:-Kai or
J aramanshi, 840
Kayi (varieties)
J aramla, 947-See: -Amla
J athi koshtam, 1108-See:(varieties)
Koshtam (varieties)
Jarberi, 1317
Jati, 701; 1197-See:-KattaiJardalu, 1014
jati; Udajati
J argi---'See: -Dhattari-jargi
Jari, 552; 591-See:-Laljari; .J atjka, 830
Jatila, 35
Pilitari; Adhsarita-jari
806
J atipatri, 830
Jati-phalam, 830-See:Phalam (varieties)
Jauai, 702
Jau-i-jadu, 673
Jauntari, 830
Jauri-See: -Mukka-jauri
J auzel-kai, 1233-See: -Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Jav, 653
Java-See:-Assam java
Java almond tree, 253-See:~
Almond tree
Java Galangal, 77-See:Galangal (varieties)
J avakhar, M/88-See: -Khar
(varieties)
J avantri, 830
Javapushpamu, 631
Javas, 743
J avashira, 541
Java tea, 877-Tea; Teaplant
(varieties)
Jave, 653
Jave-godi, 653-See:-Godi
J ave-talkh-See:-Indarjave-talkh
Javi, 551; 554
J avi-talkh-See:-Indarjavitalkh
Jawa, 653
J awantri, 830
Jawasa, 62; 611
Jawashir, 541
J aweshi, 872
J awind, 1028
Jaya,7-See:-Sarvajaya;
Shirporna-jaya
J ayanti, 1129; 1130
J ayantika, 1130
Jayapala, 396-See:-Pala
(varieties)
J ayibem, 153
Jayiche-mogre, 701-See:--Mogre (varieties)
J ayiphal, 830
J ayphal, 830
Jazar, 441
Jebai, 444
J Eedivittulu, 1119-8ee:Vittulu (varieties)
J eelakara, 408-See: -Kara
(va~ieties )
Jeera, 408-Safed-jeera;
Snigdhajeera
.
Jeeraka, 408-See:-Atavijeeraka; Aranya-jeera
J eerakam, 408
J eeri-See:-Kalijeeri
Jeerigay, 408-See:Karijirigay
Jeeroo-See: -Kadujeeroo
J ejjegyanhullu, 697
J elagalu, Aj167
Jelavedesa, 656
Jelly-See:-Calf's feet jelly
Jenapavera, 392
Jenjaru, 393
Jepal, 705
Jequirity, 5
JeruI, 723
Jerusalem Artichoke, 614See: -Artichoke (varieties)
Jerusalem oak, 305-8ee: Oak
(varieties) .
J estarnaddu, 582
Jesuit's bark, 315
J eta-manchi, 840
J ethi-madh, 582
J eti-mad, 1196
J etrasin, 1130
J avantipushpam-See: __.
Shima-jevanti-pushpam
Jevi,551
Jew's pitch, M/23-See:Pitch (varieties)
Jeyapal, 396-See:-Pal
(varieties)
~
Jhade-halade, 384-::-S~:
Halade
Jhadi chamitha, M/88-See:Charnitha
Jhal, 268; 270; 1091
Jhalkay, A/213
Jhan, 144; 1194-See:Jangli-jhan
INDEX
Jhand, 1011
Jhanjhania, 394
Jhankara,607-See:-Kara
(varieties)
Thapni-See: -Tandi
Jhapni
Jharambi, 568
Jhar-haldi, 384-See: -Haldi
(vm;ieties)
Jhari, 1317
Jharki-halad, 187-See:Halad (varieties)
Jhas-ka-namak, M/88-See:Namak (varieties)
Jhatamanshi-See:Vilayati-jhatamanshi
Jhau, 1194-See: -Lal-jhau
Jhav, 1194-See: -Rakta-jhav
Jhav-nu-jhad, 1194
Jhavuka, 1194
Jhil, 305
Jhila, 561 '
Jhinak, A/212
Jhinga, 751
Jhingaka, 751
Jhinge, 751
Jhingi, 1233
Jhinjharita, 1251-See:Harita
Jhinjudi, 1251
Jhinti, 174
Jhmuk, A/211-See: -Muktajhinuk
Jhumka,8
Jhunjhun-See: -Chotajhunjhun; Pipuli-jhunjun
Jhunjhunia, 394-See: -Chotajhunjhunia
Jhuri, 889-See:-Muktajhuri
Jiba, 444
Jidi-chettu, 1119
Jigani, A/167
Jigateshumoodoo, 1106
Jilakara-See: -N allajilakara
Jilakhrah, 408
S07
Jilakurra-See:-Pedda-jila_
kurra; Kurra (varieties)
Jilani-See: -Sinpo-i-Jilani
Jili, 545
Jilkara-See: -Adavi-jilkara~
Kara (varieties)
Jilledu, 237
Jiluga-See: -Erra-jiluga
Jilugu-See: -Kondajilugu
Jima, 805
Jimute, 284
Jinga, 751
Jingan, 867
Jingini, 867
Jinjva, 103
Jinyan,868
Jiol, 867
Jioti, 1000
Jir-See:-Janglian jir; Jarjir
Jira, 279; 408-See: -Kalajira; Krishnajira; Latjira;
Mithjira; Shiajira
Jiragam-See: -Karunjiragam; Kattukjiragam
Jiraka, 408--See: -KrishnaJiraka
Jiral, 929
Jirana, 408
Jirate-kaddi, 573
Jire-See:-Kalejire
Jiri-Kadve-jire; Shankhajiri; Kaligiri
Jiraun-See: .-:.safed-jiraun
Jirun-See: -Sankha-jirun
Jiray-See:-Kale-jiray
Jirbankura, 425-See: -Kura
(varieties)
Jirigay-See: -Kadu-jirigay
Jirkivirai, 688
Jishvarupa, 120
Jist, M/32
J isumi-mara, 13P3
Jittupaku, 430
Jiuli, 865
Jiunti, 314
.Jivabhadra, 444
Jivaka, 756
Jivani, 444
-S08
Jivaniya, 444
Jivan-putr, 1036
Jivanthi, 1205
Jivanti, 444; 1227
Jivashresta, 444
.Jiyal, 865
J. Kachang-lindir, 1
Job's Tears, 368
Jod,1250
Johnson grass-See:-American Johnson grass
..Johore ipecacuanha, 1023-See:-Ipecacuanha
(varieties)
J ola-See: -Mekkejola
J olandhar, 199
.lonk, Aj167
J onkhmari, 98
J onna-See-Mokka-jonna;
Tellajonna
.J onz-asrad, 434
J onz-masal, 434
Joolay, 555
Joom, 570
Jorigehuli-mara, 565-See:Huli (varieties)
Jotojotia, 1256
Jotri,830
Joufra, 395
Jouz, 709
J ouz-ula-mathil, 434
J owan, 280; 1028-See: -Bona
Jowan
Jowari-batti, 587 .
Jowars-See: -Bedri jowars;
Dagadi jowars; Dukrijowar.,; "Kagi" jowars; 'Kalbondi' jowar; 'Kavali'
jowars; 'Nialo' jowar;
"Shalu" jowar
J owwatri, 830
Judwar,414
Jugrat, Aj179
Juh, 328-See:-Yuh
Juhi-See:-Palak-juhj.
H.
.lui, 701-See:-San).ur.;..
Svarnajui
- -"
.'
Jui-pana, 1059-See: -Pana

(varieties)
Jujub berries, 1318-See:Berries (varieties)
Jujube fruit, 1316
Jujubier Cotonneux, 1316
Jujubier-cultive, 1318
'Juliana' plum, 1015-See:Plum (varieties)
Julpai, 473
Jumbura, 517
Jummina, 1303
Jundo, Aj147
J ung-See:-Vellajung
Jungle-bor, 1317-See: -Bor
(varieties)
Jungle Geranium, 69B-See: - .
Geranium
Jungli-aushbah, 1144-See:Aushbah
Jungli-pyaz-See: -Janglipiyaz; Piyaz (varieties)
Junhi, 751
Juniper berry, 710-See:Berries (varieties)
Juniperi-fructus, 71O-See:Fructus juniperi; Juniperi;
Oleum fructus juniperi
Junka, 1137
Jur-See: -Pilajur
Juripakri, 545-See: -Pakri
Jus-quiame noire, 670
Justan-hutan, 1268
Jute, 377; 628-See:Bimlipatam jute
Juthikapurni, 1059
Juti-See: -Trikanta-juti
Jutili" 86
1~
Juttuve, 430
Juvan, 280
Juvashur, 872
Juvi, 551-See: --='Kadra-juvi;
Putrajuvi; Yerra-juvi
Jliwasa,611
Jwara, 568
Jwaranthakah, 1184
Jyotishmati,271
INDEX
809
Kachlora, 798
Kaalazounsi, 163
Kachmach, 1152
Kaat-plaster, lOO-See:Kachnar, 183; 184
Plaster
Kabab-chini, 400-See:-Chini Kachoeramu, 418
Kachoo, 372
(varieties)
Kachora, 418; 1095
Kababh, 400
Kachoralu, 1095
Kabai, A/214
Kachra, 265
Kabare-hindi, 300-See:I{achri,--See: -Kapurkachti
Hindi (varieties)
Kachu, 148
Kabayee, A/214
I{achu (Dye), ll--See:-BishKabbar, 425
kachu; Kachur-kachu; :ManKabber, 1091
kachu; Vilayati-kachu
Kabbina, M/54
Kachubang, 434
Kabbinada Kilubu or Kitta,
M/62-See: -Kilubu; Kitta I(achula-kalanga, 715-See:Kalanga
Kabbu, 1083
Kachur, 418--See: -KapurKabbumishka, 626-See:kachur; Nar-kachur;
Mishka
Velati-kachur
Kabir-Set: -Khasake-kabir
Kachura, 418-See: -NarKabiraj, 1049
kachura
Kabita, 535
Kachur-kachu, 608-See:Kabra, 265; 267
Kachu (varieties)
Kabri, 278
Kachurukkai, 628-See:-Kai
Kabubul ars, M/123
01" Kayi (varieties)
Kabuli-harda, 1205-See:Kachwassal, 1257
Harda
Kadaba, A/l53
Kabuli Mustaki, .975-See:Kadagaruganie, 618--See:Mustaki
Garuganni
Kacha Karpoor, 466-See:Karpoor
.
Kada-hakukare, 1221-See:Hakukare
Kachakru, A/l54
Kadaharalu, 705--See:Kachali-See: ,KapuraHaralu (varieties)
kachali; Kapur-kachali
Kada jamudi, 529--See:Kachani, 313
Jamudi
Kachbo, A/154
Kadakai, 1206-See: -Kai or
Kachera, 1117
Kayi (varieties)
Kacheyta, SO(}
Kadaladi, 21-See: -ShiruKachhola-See: -Adavikadaladi
kachhola
Kadalai,311-See:-NilaKachhola-kilangu, 715-See:
-Kilangu (varieties)
kadalai; Kattu-kadalai;
Kachhur , I 715
Vaerkadalai
Kadalamu, 822
Kachhuram, 715
Kadala-tangay, 749-See:Kachi,1152-See:-MuttaTangay
kachi
Kachittamarthakai; 163-See: Kadale-See: -Nelakadale
Marthakai; Kai or Kayi
Kadali, 723; 822
(v8.rleties)
Kadalnoray, Aj210
52
810
Kadam, 118--See: -Keli

kadam
Kadamba, 118; 219-,See::Dharakadamba; Keli-kadamba; Vella-kadamba
Kadambe-See: -Manja
kadambe
Kadambo-See:-Dharakadambo
Kadamoth, 302
Kadanic, 176
.Kada nivall, 529-See:Nivall (varieties)
Kadapam, 176
lCadapara, I3~ee:--Para
(varieties)
Kadappilavu, 809
Kadaram, M/55
Kadarasina, 414-See:Arasina (varieties)
Kadasambal, 254-See:-Sambal (varieties)
Kadatatrue, 457
Kadige garage, 469

Kadiggagaraga, 471
Kadikapana, 1001-8ee:Pana (varieties)
Kadiyirattam, 203
Kadle,311
Kadlenare, 424
Kadlesoppu-See: --Kadukadlosoppu
Kadluppu, M/109--See:
Uppu (varieties)
Kado, A/196-See:-Kalakado
Kadookai, 1206-See: --Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Kadotri, 1234
Kadrajuvi, 1036-See: ~uvi
(varieties) .
Kadsige, 797-See: -Sige
Kadu, 600; 722; 1185-See:Khappar-kadu; Thit-ka-du;
Balakadu; Balkadu; Devakadu; Kalakadu
Kada~,1221-See:--Todali
Kadu bellulli, 1116-See:Kadat-rengay, 749
Bellulli
Kadatti, 183-See: -Atti
Kadu-bhopla, 722-8ee:-(varieties )
BhopIa, Dudh-bhopla
Kadavanchi, 755; 807--See:(varieties)
Vanchi (varieties)
Kadu-chanyapallo, 763-See:
Kadavi, A/IS3; 1186
--Chanyapallo
Kada-vinayi,485-See:Kadu chirayata, 573--See:Vinayi
Chirayata
Kadavi-no-kando, 219-See:Kadu dalchini, 332-See:Kando (varieties)
Dalchini (varieties)
Kaddam,11G8
Kadu duddi, 722-See:-Kaddlashingi, 281
Duddi
Kaddu,407; 722-,See:Kadughisodi."':753--See: Golkaddu; Mitha-kaddu;
Safed-kaddu
.Ghisodi
Kadu-ghosali, ~753-See:-
Kadduirao, 722
Ghosali
Kadellu, 595-See: -Ellu
Kadugu, 213; 215; -216-See:(varieties)
Nik-kadugu; Vella-kadugu
Kadep-tige, 1285-See: -Tige
Kadugu-rohini, 953-See:-(varieties)
Rohini (varieties)
Kad-eradi,705-See:-:eradi
Kadu-indravaruni, 335-See: Kadhee-nimba, 195-See:Indravaruni
Nimba (varieties} ,_" Kadujeeroo, 855-See: -Jiroo
Kadi, MIG
INDEX
Kadu-jirigay, 1268-See:Jirigay .
Kaduka, 215; 216---See:Buah kaduka
Kadu-Kadlesoppu, 763-See:Kadlesoppu
Kadukanagala, 448--See:Kanagala (varieties)
Kadukar, 1205-See: -Kar
(varieties)
Kadu-kasturi, 627-See:Kasturi (varieties)
Kadu-kawata, 65S-See:Kawata
Kadu-khajur, 785-See:Khajur (varieties)
Kaduk-kai, 1206-See: -Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Kadukkaipoo, 1206
Kaduk-kay, 1206
Kaduk-kay-pinji, 1206
Kadu Kvatha, 1195
Kadu-limbe, 160-See:Limbe
Kadu-mallige, 700-See:Mallige (varieties)
Kadumenthya, 1138
Kadunimba, 776-See:Nimba (varieties)
Kadu-padavala, 1235-See:Padavala (varieties)
Kadupaddoola, 1236-See:Paddoola ,
Kadu-padvala, 1236-See:Padvala
Kadur..:Jnires, 1221
Kadusalle-rooku, 80
K adusampige, 993-See:Sampige (varieties)
Kadusasive, 351-See: -Sasive
Kadu-sirola, 753-See:Sirola
Kadva-gokhru, 926-See:Gokhru (varieties)
KadvaIa, 118-See:-Vala
(varieties)
Kadvo-jiri, 1267-See:Jiri (varieties)
811
l(adwitumbade, 722-See:_
Tumbade
Kaelahoo, 255
Kaelaphool, 255
Kafdarya-See: -Zuddulbaher Kafdarya
Kaf-es-saba, 1049
Kafi, 365
Kafoor, 250
Kafri mirchi, 270-See:Mirchi (varieties)
Kafu, 250
K~ur, 250
Kafur-ka-pat, 792-See:Pat (varieties)
Kagdi limbu, 342; 348-See:Limbu (varieties)
Kagemari, 3GO-See: -Mari
(varieties)
Kagesoppu-See: -SannaKagesoppu
Kaggi,562
Kagglimara, 253
'Kagi' jowars, 1161-See:Jowars (varieties)
Kagli-mara, 253
Kagphala, 1175
Kaha-See:-Wari-kaha;
DudaKaha
Kahbang, 1276
Kahi, M/64
Kahibevu,776-See:-Bevu
(varieties)
Kahi-keera, 753-See: -Keera
(varieties)
Kahi-padavala, 1236-See:Padavala (varieties)
Kahisore, 722-See: -Sore
Kahoia Bhaji, 89: -See:Bhaji (varieties)
Kahruba, 1265
Kahs-Khasa, 901-See:Khasa (varieties)
Kahu, 719; 1198-See:-Tukmi-kahu
Kahvaha, 365
,
Kai or Kayi or Kayee, A/214;
A/216-See: -Birikaij
o
THE INDIAN MATERIA'MEDICA
Anapa-kai; Anilay-kayi; An- Kaikkathetti, 787

thundi-kal; Burkal; Pedda- Kaikun,555
kai; Peera-kai; Pekarak~i; Kail, 957
Pikum-kai; Pilimbi-pyllich,a- Kaipavalli, 805
kai; Posthakkai; Putti-kaij Kaiphal, 82&
Rudrakai; Macha-kai Kayi, Kaippam-patolam, 1235Sendubeerkai
SendurukSee: -Patolam
kai;
Sorakai;
Tamkai; Kaisar-See:-Narae-Kaisar
Tankrikkai; Tannikai Tanri- Kaisho, 218
kai Thummittikai Ushrikai Kaitha, 894
Velakkai; Chapperbadnekai; Kaiyappudai, 775
Badanekayi;
Ballarikekai; Kajalamavu, 469-See:Bandukai;
Be1awala -lqU;
Mavu (varieties)
Bhendekayi;
Badanekaij Kajali, 1083
Chapperbadnekai;
Chavli- Kajaputi, 775
kai; Cheeyakai; Chinikai; Kajarvel, 445
Chinikhing-kai; Kai; Gaji~e Kajarwel, 1173
kai; Gerkayi; Kallankai; Kajireh, 278
Gummadi-kayi; Guvar":kai; Kajjali-See: -Black
sulphide
Hagala - .kayi; Heere - kai;
Jajikai; Jathikai; Jauzel-kai; KajlamaVu-See:-Mavu
(varieties)
Kachittamartha-kai; Kachurukkai; Kadakai; Kadookai; Kajra, 1175
Kaduk-kai; Pinchu-kaduk- Kaju, 96-S~: -Rata-Kaju
kai; Kakkayi;
Kakrikai; Kajur; 1153
Kartikai; Katterikayi~ Kon- Kak, A/158
drakayi; Konraikkai; Koo- Kaka, A/l58; 55~ee:Valakaka
kai; Kookatakayij KtJ.mbalakai Macha-kai; Machikai; Kakachia, 226
Madahagalakai;
Madalan- Kakad, 555; 570
kai; Mangakai; Mangari- Kakadana, 163
kai;
Marthakai;
Maruk- Kakadani, 267
k a 11 a n - k a i j
Mayan- Kakadsingi, 1062-See: -Singi
~.'kai;
Mekke-kayi;
Hara(varieties)
mekki-kai;
Menasinakai; Kakadumar, 552
Dounnemenasinakai; Milli&. Kakadumbura, 550
kai; Molak-kayij Mudirikai; Kakadumur, 550-See:Musimusikkayij MusumusuDumur (varieties)
kai; Nellikai; Noorekayi; Kakajangha, 732
Padvalkayi; Pinchu-Kaduk- Kakajembu, 787
kai; Prangi-kayee; Saute- Kakakodise, 634.
kayij Seekai; Seekaya; Tipri- Kak~ulli, 360
kayij '1'onde-kayee Usrikayi; Kakali-See: -Bhuikakali
:'Va]umbirikai; Vankayi; Ve- Kakammal, 548
Kakanashika, 360
lakkai
. Kakaobaum, 1214
Kaidaryama, 828
Kakaphala, 99
Kaidaryamu, 828 _,-' _
Kakapu, 1225
Kaikeshi, 469
INDEX
Kakara, 805-See: -Advikakara; Buddakakara; Kam

(varieties)
Kakarashingi, 1062-See:Kakadsingi; Singi
(varieties)
Kakasha, 901
Kakatinduka, 454-See:Tinduka
Kakatonti, 1238
Kakatundi, 151
Kakavalli-See: -ParinKakavalli
Kakdani, 267
Kakdi,403-See:-Tarkakdi
Kake-gida, 264
Kakemandall, 1238
Kakesappu, 947
Kakham, 1092
Kakhash, 1024
Kakhur, 418
Kakidonda, 300; 1238
Kakilahe-Khurd, 475
Kakinduka, 454
Kakkaemara, 285
Kakkanan, 354-See:-Kodikakkanam
Kakkari, 403
Kak-kata-shingi, 1062-See:Kakadsingi; Singi (varieties)
Kakkatan-kodi,354-See:Kodi (varieties)
Kakkayi, 285-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Kakkaykollivirai, 99-See:.Kollivirai; virai (varieties)
Kakkola, 755-See:-Kola
(varieties)
Kakkoli-See:-Kshirakakkoli; Koli (varieties)
Kakmachi, 1148; 1152
. Kakmari, 99; 360-See:-Mari
(varieties)
Kakmunchi, 115Z-See:Munchi
Kaknaj, 950; 951; 1291
Kaknasa, 666
Kakni, 1131
813
Kakoli, 596; 1317~ee:Ksira-Kakoli;

(Kshirakak') koli; Koli (varieties)
Kak00pala, 1315
Kakoranda, 201-See:Koranda
Kakoudumbar, 550-See:Koudumbar
Kakphal, 360
Kakra-singi, 1062-See:Kakadsingi; Singi (varieties)
Kakrasringi, 1062-See:'Kakadsingi; Singi (varieties)
Kakri, 403; 1235-See:Ban-Kakri
Kakrikai, 403--See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Kakrol, 807; 820
Kakronda, 202
Kakruja,112
Kakubha, 1198
Kakumardanika, 271
Kakumullu, 230
Kakura, 402; 406-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Kakurjiwah, 733
Kakuvalli, 817
Kakvire, 655
Kala, 822; M/55-See:Perungkala; Srikala; Shrikala; Sirikala; Tankala; Rantankala.
Kala-adulso, 572-See:Adulso
Kala-babli, 9-See:-Babli
Kalabanda, 73-See:-Chinikalabanda
Kalabash, 388
Kalabashimb, 572
Kalabhangra, 1159--See:Bhangra (vcrrieties)
Kala Bhopala, 408--See:Bhopla (varieties)
Kalaboel,75-See:-Boel
(varieties)
Kala-damar, 1133-See:Damar (varieties)
Kala-dammar, 254
814
Kala-dana, 688-See:-Dana
. (varieties)
!
Kaladhatura, 434; 44O--See:..Dhatura (varieties)
Kalafath, 101
Kalagaru-See:-BaroKalagaru
Kalahaldi, 414-See:-Haldi
(varieties)
Kalai, M/42; M/l16-See:, Ku~ti-Kalai; But- K- a 1 a i;
Mash-Kalai
Kala inderjav, 849-See:Inderjav
Kalaippaikizhangu, 579-See:
'-Ippaikizhangu
Kala-jam, 517-See:-Jam
( varieties)
Kala-jira, 855-See:-Jira
(varieties)
Kalak, 172
Kalaka, 277
Kalakado,1296-See:-Kado
Kala-kadu,669-See:-Kadu
( varieties)
Kala-kasturi, 627-See:Kasturi (varieties)
Kalakasunda, 289--See:Kasunda (varieties)
Kala-kat, 1016-See:-Kat
Kala-katwa, 1126-See:Katwa (varieties)
Kala-khajur, 785-See:Khajur (varieties)
Kala khaparo, M/131-See:Khaparo (varieties)
Kala-khen-boun, 1079
Kala-Kirayat, 607-See:Kirayat (varieties)
Kalak-litaka,677
'
Kala-kuda,1296-See:-Kuda
(varieties)
Kala-Kushal, 1244-See:Kushal
Kalakutki, 618-See:-}{.utki
(varieties)
Kalam. 1168-See:-M~(rakalam
'
Kalamaha, 726
Kalamb,118
~alambi, 684
Kalambu-See-Dharkalambu
Kalameshi, 691
Kalamiri, 969-See:-Miri
(varieties)
Kalamith, M/99-See:-Mith
Kalamoog, 940-See:-Moog
( varieties)
Kala-mucha, 1160-See:Mucha
Kala-musli, 411-See:-Musli
(varieties)
Kalanaru, 717-See:-Naru;
Kalnaru
Kalanchikuru, 226
Kalancho, 1162
Kalanduru, 428
Kalang, M/l16-See:Karuna-kalang; Marulkalang; Amkulang-kalang
Kalanga-See:-Kachulakalanga
Kalangu, 226-See:-Urlakalangu; Vallikalangu;
Kattuvallikalangu
Kalanimak, M/98; M/I00See:-Nimak
Kalanzo, 1195
Kalapart, 691-See:-Parni
(varieties)
Kalaphalas, 432-See:-Phalas
Kala pingain, 862-See:Pingain
Kalappa-gadda, 579-See:Gadda (varteties)
Kalar, M/100 _
Kalara, ,202
,_
Kalarkodi, 226-See:-Kodi
(varieties)
Kalasess60gachh, 431-See:- .
Sessoogachh
Kalasinsappa, 431-See: Sinsapa (varieties)
Kala tekar, 353-See:-Tekar
(varieties)
INDEX
Kala-til, 595; 1126-See:-TiL

(varieties)
Kala-tulasi, 86&-See:-Tulasi
(varieties)
Kala tulshi, 863-TulSi
(varieties)
Kala-tunga, 427-See:-Tunga
Kalava-See:-Nalla-kalava;
Kondakalava
Kala-vala, 925; 126O--See:Vala (varieties)
Kalavi-See:-Pedda-kalavi
Kalawaso, 1195-See:-Waso
Kala Watana, 976-See:Watana
Kalaya, 976
Kalayasa, 'M/55
'Kalbondi' jowar, 1161-See:J owars (varieties)
Kalchampa, 993-See:-Champa (varieties)
Kalehar, 1205
Kale-jlray, 1268-See:-Jiray
Kalenjire, 855-See:-Jire
Kalen-sasam, 216-See:Sasam
Kale-nun, M/99-See:-Nun
(varieties)
Ka-Iet, 1167
Kalgoripadri, 1168-See:Padri
Kali, 1286-See:-Kashurkkali; Kat-kali; Nagar-kali;
Patkali; Poonaikkali; Vakkali; Vrishi-kali
Kaliakara, 267-See:-Akara
Kali-basuti, 353-See:-Basuti
Kalichune, M/44
1{aligrvarnah, 1202
Kalihalad, 414-See:-Halad
(v:arieties)
Kalihaldi, 414-See:-Halad
( varieties)
Kalihari, 579
Kalijeeri, 85&-See:-Jeeri
Kali-jhant, 44
Kali-jiri, 1267-See:-Jiri
(varieties)
815
1{alika-See:-Kanta-kalika
Ajalikalika
'
1{alika-chuna, M/44--See:Chuna (varieties)
Kalikari,579--See:-Kari (varieties) ; 1{antakari (varieties)
Kalikatuki, 618; 619-See:Katuki
Kali Kauli, 449-See:-1{auli
Kalikikar, 9-See:-'Kikar
(varieties)
1{ali kutki. 953-See:-1{utki
(varieties)
1{alilara, 771
Kalirnirch or 1{alirnirich, or
1{alirnirichi,969-See:J angli-kali-rnirch; J anglikali-rnirichi; Mirich (varieties)
Kalirnusli,411-See:-Musli
( varieties)
1{alinga, 402; 634-See:Pedda-kalinga
1{alingad, 338
Kalingada, 402
1{ali-sahebi, 1286-See:Sahebi (varieties)
Kalisar, 619-See:-Sar (varieties)
Kalisarson. 216-See:-Sarson
(varieties)
Kali-tori, 751--see:-Tori (varieties)
Kal-itthii, 554-See:-Itthii
1{alivipandu-8ee:-Peddakalivipandu
Kaliyana marukka, 508
1{alkasunda, 290-See:Kasunda (varieties)
1(alkora, 798-8ee:-1{ora
( varieties)
Kalkus~:-Chota-
kalkusha
Kallal, 548
.
1{allangaday, 338
Kallankai-See:-Marukkallan-kai; Shivaram-kalli;
816
THE
INDIA~
:MATERIA MEDICA
TlrUgu-kalli; Tiru-kalli;
Chandurak-kalli
Kallanta, 1149
Kallasabatrasige, 869
I
Kalli, 529---See:-Bonthakalli;
Bonthekalli; llaik kalli;
Katak-kalli; Kombu-kalli;
Mondu-kalli; Palakai-kalli;
Palakalli; Ranakalli; Sehadid-kalli
Kallijarri, 1094
KaUim,ulayan, 212
Kallu, 1300
Kallu-huvu, 922
Kallurivi, 91
Kalluruki, 1008
Kallur Vanchi, 91-See:Vanchi (varieties)
Kally-See:-Shadurak-kally
Kalmegh, 101
Kalmi-See:-Shud-ka1mi;
Dudhia-kalmi; Ilal-kalmi
Kalmi-sak, 684-See:-Sak
( varieties)
Kalmnor, 543
Kalnaru, 55-See:-Naru;
Kalo-valo, 925-See:-V alo;

Pilo-valo; Bhanavalo
Kalpa-See:-Laharzinginakalpa; Madukalpa; Lahanakalpa
Kalphah, 328
Kalu, A/211
Kaluduroo, 855
Kalukera, 265; 267
Kalumar, 543
Kalu-miris,969-See:-Miris
Kalung-See:-Palupaghelkalung
.
Kalun-sisun, M/83
Kaluva, 860-See:-TeIlakaluva
Kalvazhai, 255
Kalvi, 1170
Kalyan-pooshini, 185
Kamachi-kassuvu, 107
Kamaduti, 1168
Kamakha, 776
Kamakher,llO-See:-Kher
Kamakshapullu, 107-See:Kamakshipillu
Kamakshee, 255
Kalanaru
Kamakshi, M/2; 422
Kalaoabaval, 9-See:-Baval
Kamakshipillu, 1l0-See:(varieties)
Kamakshapullu
Kalo-Apkaro, 1259-See:Kamal, 761; 844; or Kamala,
Apkaro
844-See:-Krishna Kamal;
Kalo bikhmo, 27-See:Lal- k a mal; PandharenBikhmo
kamal; Rakta-kamal; SuryaKalo bikhoma donghi, 30
kamal; Sveta-kamala; UpliaKalo-champu, 1259-See:kamal
Champu
Kamala Dy~, 760
Kaloi, M/1l6
Kamalaguri, 760
Kalo kudo, 787; 849-See:Kamalata, 690;;
Kudo (varieties)
Kamalawel, 424
Kalomirich, 969-See:-Mirich Kamalottara, 278
Kamalphul, 573 ~
(varieties)
Kalo-negundu, 572-See':.;_
Kamalranj, 339
Negundu
Kamanchi-chettu, 1152
Kalorai, 216-See:-Rai (va- Kamand, 1083
Kamapatige, 1283
rieties)
. Kamaphilusa, 202
Kalothumbo, 114---Se&.Thumbo
Kamarakha, 164
Kalouji, 1267
Kamarghvel, 1113
.--
INDEX
Kamarkas, 222
Kamazariyns, 1212
Kamazariyus, 1162
Kambari, 584
Kambei, 1152
Kambha,760
Kambhar, 584
Kambila, 760
Kambilipuch, 816; 817
Kamboji, 39; 580-See:Krishna Kamboji
KambunruiUnee,263
Kamephatusa, 875
Kametti, 532
Kamila, 760
Kamini, 821-See:-Sveta
817
Kanagala-See:-Kadukanagala; Betta-kanagala
Kanagi, 176; 834
Kanagilu, 847
Kana-kach, 809
Kanaka dattura, 434-(See:Dattura (varieties)
Kanakaia, 271
Kanakaphala, 396
Kanak-Champa, 1026--See:Champa (varieties)
Kanako, 396
Kanal, 1173
Kanalei, 531
Kanam, 282
Kana-mulla, 467
Kanana-eranda, 705-See:Kamini
Kam-jameva, 1183
Eranda
Kanang Kardi, 373-See:Kam Kasturi, 862-See:Karai (varieties)
Kasturi (varieties)
Kamkola, 807-See:-Kola
Kanapa, 176
Kanapachettu, 1263
(varieties)
Kamla-neboo, 339-(See:Kanaregu, 555/556
Neboo (varieties)
Kanari,253
Kanavazhiain, 373
Kammar-kas, 1095
Kanaveeram., 847
Kammi-See:-Safed-kammi;
Dhop-kammi
Kanbela, 761-See:-Bela (vaKammon, 408
rieties)
Kamo, 1060
Kancenica, 554
Kamodio, 450
Kancha, 256
Kampher,250
Kanch~, 182; 183-See:Kampliuti, 556
Daevakanchanamu; RaktaKamrak, 164
kanchan; Svetakanclum
Kanchana, 1221 .
Kamranga,l64
Kamrup, 545; 553
Kanchanara, '184
Kamrup musk, A/197-See:- Kanchara, 373
Musk (varieties)
Kanchata, 373
Kamuemuluki,280; 1028
Kanchini, 183
Kamugu, 130
Kanchi-pundu, 1152-See:Kamuk,834
Pundu (varieties)
Kanchira, -373
Kamulu,88
Kamumi-muluki, 1028
Kanch Koorie, 818
Kanchkuri, 1226-See:-Kuri
Kamun, 408
Kamune-aswad, 855
(varieties )
Kamuni, 947; 1152
Kanchli,20
Kan, .339-See:-Kau-kan;
Kanchnal, 183
Khatti-kan; Kora-kan; Lat- Kanchni-See:-Siru-kanchni
kan
Kanchu, M/48
818
Kanchura-See:-3 ata
Kanchura
Kanchuri-vayr, 1226
.
Kand-See:-Ambarkand; :
Musalikand; Pashkand;
Zaminkand; Varshlkand;
Muchkand; Sakara-kand;
Varshi-kand; Zamin-kand;
Bidari-kand; Bilai-kand;
Dukar-kand: Sakhar-kand
Kanda, 63-See:-Akanda;
Advi-kanda; Bara-kanda;
Bhuikanda; Gadambhikanda;
Gadanikanda; Ganesh-kanda; Jangli-kanda; Koli-kanda; Kolkanda; Ksheerakanda; Mankanda; Matsakanda;
Pahadikanda; Sarkanda;
Vajrakanda
Kanda-gadda, 1253 -See:Gadda (varieties)
Kandakiphala, 146
lCandal, 165; 542: 579
Kandamani-cheddi, 255-See:
-Cheddi (varieties)
Kandamanu, 255
Kandamurgarittam, 464
Kandanga-kathri, 1150
Kandangari, 264
Kandangatari, 1150
Kandan-Kaththiri, 1158
Kandankattari, 1150
Kandan-kattiri, 1156
Kandarola-mara, 630
Kandavela, 1284
Kande, 1257-See:-PitaKande
Kanderi, 157
Kandha-See:-Thiya-kandha
Kandhari, 1286
Kandi, 1011-See:-Gullakandi
Kandira-See:-Konsu Kandira
Kandiari, 133; 297; 1318
KandIa, 183
"
Kando-See:-Bankando-; . Kadavinokando;
Devakando;
Dungari-kando; Lahan lColkando

Kandra, 1257
Kandula, 828
Kandulu, 231
Kanduri, 300
Kan-duriki-bel, 300-See:-Bel
(varieties )
I(andvi, 1221
Kaner, 847-See:-PiIa-kaner
Kanera,847
Kaneri-See:-Dhave kaneri
Kanerzard, 302
Kang, 1131
Kangahi,8
.
Kangai-See:-Vilayatikangai
Kangal,449
Kangal', 449
Kangari-supheda, 1234-See:Supheda
Kanghani, 8'
Kanghi, 8; 1134-See:-Barkanghi
Kangi, 523-See:-Kantekangi
Kangni, 770; 897; 1131
Kangoi,8
Kangori,8
Kangu, 756; 1131
Kangui,897
Kanguni, 296-See:-Malakanguni
Kanher, 847-See:-Pivalakanher
Kani-See:-Manja-kani;
Mushakani ..
Kaniar, 1026 .
Kanier, 933
Kanigyanhullu~ 696
-.
Kanik, 1244
Kani,;,pas-zehar, M/97
Kanj, 1221
Kanja or ganja, 256-See:Buzaganja; Jadaganja; Ranaganja
Kanjan-bura, 715
Kanjika-See:-Whey
I
INDEX
Kanjiram, 1175-See:-Valli
kanjiram
Kanjura, 374
Kanjuri, 1226
Kanka, 444
Kankala, 964
Kankankhar, M/I03-See:Khar (varieties)
Kankapal, 1049
Kankatika,8
Kankelli, 1104
Kankeri, 221
Kankhina, 1091
Kankla, 1317
Kankola, 400-See:-Kola
(varieties)
Kankol mirch, 400-See:Mirch (varieties)
Kankra, 924 A/217--See:Golkankra
Kankri, 403
Kankrol, 867
Kanku, 897
Kan-kuti, 282-See:-Kuti
(varieties)
Kannadi, A/153
Kanni, 469-See:-Chuthakanni; Elakanni; Karisirangkanni; Modera-kanni; Modira-kanni; Motirakanni; Periyakanni; Vattekanni
Kannie-See:-Karkannie
Kannunni, 471
Kanocha, 947; 1096
Kanor,50
Kanphata, 271
Kanphul, 1195
Kanphuta, 351
Kanphuti, 271; 599
Kanra, 1087
Kanrat, 798
Kanregu, 555-See:-Regu
Kanrehi, 431
Kanru,556
Kansa, M/48; 256
Kanshe, M/48
Kanshira-See:-J ataKanshira
819
Kanso. M/48
Kansya, M/48
Kanta, 773 - See:-Harcuchkanta; Barak-kanta; Bipemkanta; Akar-kanta; Arkakanta; Gokhula-kanta; Mothal-kanta;
Roma - kan41;
Sheal-kanta; Shial - kanta;
Dhal - kanta; Ujar - kanta;
Sniah-kanta; Sial-kanta bhatmil
Kanta alu, 451-See:-Alu (varieties)
Kantaasherio, 175
Kanta-avala, 163-See:-Avala
Kanta-dhotra, 133-See:Dhotra
Kanta-gur-kamai, 165; 267See:-Gurkarnai
Kantai, 555
Kanta iron, M/56-See:-Iron
(varieties)
Kantajati, 175
Kantak - See:-Phala-kantak;
Sugandha-kantak
Kantaka - See:-Srigala-kantaka; Svadu-kantaka; Vajrakantaka
Kantakalika, 667-See:Kalika (varieties)
Kantakalu-See:-Vishakantakalu
Kantakari, 1150; 1156--See:Kari (varieties)
Kanta-katchu, 725-See:Katchu
Kantakregi, 277
Kanta-kusham, 133-See:Kusham
Kantala, 54; 55
Kantalgoch, 146
Kantali-champa, 140-See:Champa (varieties)
Kantalo-bal, 1138-See:-Bal
( varieties)
Kantam, M/55
Kantaro, 524
Kantebhouri, 674
THE INDL"-N MATERIA MEDICA
Kante-kangi,449-See:-Kangi Kapi-priya, 535-See:-Priya

Kantela~ee:-Karwa
(varieties)
kantela
Kapita, 475
Kantena, 1116
,
Kapitha, 535
Kanteringani, 1156-See:Kapitthaparni, 21:1_.-See:Ringani (varieties)
Parni (varieties)
Kanthal, 146
Kapivittulu, 365-See:Kantham, M/106
Vittulu (varieties) .
KapU, 761
.
Kanthanga, 1257
Kanthel, 146
Kapok tree, 505
Kantikari, 1156-See:-Kari
Kapoor, 250-See:-Bhimseni-:
( varieties)
.
kapoor; "Pakwa-kapoor"
Kantisoppu, 354
Kapoora, 250
Kantolan, 807
Kapooravalli, 113
Kantosariyo, 17
Kapooroo, 250
Kantya-nivali,873-See:Kapor, M/44
Nivali (varieties)
Kapota, A/156
Kanuga-chettu, 1001
Kappalam, 273
Kanuria, 628
Kappalmelaka, 268
Kanval-See:-Chota-kanval
Kappa-mavu, 96-See:-Mavu
Kanvar - See:-Chhota kan(varieties)
var; Ghikanvar; JangU-kan- Kappumankala, 199-See:var; Nahani-kanvar
Mankala
Kanvi,587
Kappusu-See:-SavariKanwal, 844; 1113
kappusu
T.-(anya, 75
Kapukimissa, 627
Kanyensi, 456
Kapur, 250-See:-Bhimseni
Kanyo-mi, 154
kapur
Kanzal,20
Kapura, 172
Kao-ashud, 577
Kapura Kachali, 608--See:Kaolin, M/7
Kachali (varieties)
Kaolinite, M/7
Kapur-bhendi, 842; 1251-See:
Kapas, 587-See:-Deokapas;
-Bhendi (varieties)
Devkapas; Pilikapas
Kapur ingris, M/41-See:Kapas-tuhi, 587-See:-Tula
Ingris
Kapa-vila, 1274-See:-Vila
Kapur-kachali, 414-See:Kaphal,828
Kachali (va~ieties)
Kaphala, 360
Kapurkachri, 608; 715-See:Kaphur,250
Kachri
Kapi, 365
Kapurkachur, 608--See:Kapia kushi, 626-See:-Kushi
Kachur (varieties)
Kapikachchhu, 818
.
Kapur-kuchri,
715-See:Kapikottai, 365-See:-Kottai
Kuchri'
(varieties)
Kapurli, 113
Kapila, 760; 761
Kapila-sinsapa, 432-See:'Rapus, 588-See:-Rankapus;
Sinsapa (varieties)."..,.. ~
Kharaikapus;
VadlikharaiKapilo, 761
kapus
t
821
Kar~
1221-See:-Akalkar;
Kadulkar, Vikankar
Kara, 1190 - See:-Adavikakara; Akkalkara; Arushkara;
Garbhakara; J eelakara; Karnikara; Machhikara; Meinkara; Phatikara; Utkara;
Budda - kakara; Jhankara;
Adavi - jilkara;
Khakara;
Machhikara
Karabera, 847
Karabi, 847-See:-Haldikarabi
Karabira-See:-Peetakarabira
Karabphul, 827
Karabunda-See:-Karbunda
Karakarbunda
Karachma, 266
Karachunai, 11M
Karadayi, 1114
Karai, 264; 988; 1170; 1266See:-Manak Karai; Olang
Karai; Kanang Karai
Karail,444
Karaila, 351; 599
Karain,976
Karaka, 1205
Karakabodda, 543--See:Bodda (varieties)
Kara~ai, 120~ee:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Karakarbunda, 543-See:Karbunda
Kanakkaranai, 94
Karakkaya, 1205-See:Pinda-Karakkay
Kara-kundurukam, 1133
Karala, 805
Ka,ralai-See:-Peria Karalaij
Siru Karalai
Karam, M/88-See:-Patikaram; Ponkaram; Sanchhikaram; Akarakaram
Karamara, 164
Karamarda, 266
Karamardaka, 266
Karambel, 448
Karambu, 713
Karamcha, 277
Karamkandu, 876
Karanai-See:-Kattukkaranai; Karungkaranai
Karanaphul,835
Karancha, 277
Karanda, 450
Karandagida, 1162
Karandai, 862-See:-NarakKarandai; Vishnu-Karandai
Karandhis,334
Karandi-See:-Vishnu
Karandi
Karando, 266
Karangalli, 11
Karanga-See:,.-N ataKaranga'; N ata-Karanja
Karangi, 475
Karani-See:-Vishala Karani
Karanj,1001-See:-Katkaranj
Karanja, 1001-See:-DaharKaranja;
Lata Karanja;
Nata-Karanja; Putikaranja
Karanjali, 822
Karankusa, 107-See:-Kusa
(varieties)
Karankussa, 107
Karanti, 405
Karap, 119
Karapincha, 195
Karappu-damar, 1133-See:Damar (varieties)
Karathay, 805
Karaunda, 277
Karava-See:-Dudhkarava
Karavaeru, 113
Karavappu, 835
Karavati, 235
Karavee,955
Karavella, 805
Karavi, 271; 847
Karavira, 847
Karaviramu, 847
Karawandi, 1286
Karaypak, 195
Karber, 847
Karbir-See:-Pili karbir
822
Karbrahmi, 66:?-See:-Brahmi
(varieties)
Karbunda-See:-Kara
Karbunda
Karcha,403
Karchi,634
Karchi-balli,807
Kardai, 164; 278
Kardhanka, A/213
Kardi, 278
Kareambu, 674
Kare huliu, 108
Karela-See:-Dhar-Karela
Kareli,805
Karelo, 805
Kare-mugilan, 8
Karepaku, 821
Karer, 265
Kareyvadi, 431
Kargnalia, 218
Karhati, 403
Kari, 265; 353; 507; 551-See:
-Aduppu-Karl; Kanti-Karl;
Kali-Kari; Mutti Kari; Kanta
Kari; Phat Karl; Phit Kari;
Phut Kari; Pita Kari; Pitta
Karl; Sphati
Kari; Tan
Kari; Tik Karl
Karia, 265-See:-Naga Karia;
Tup Karia
Karianag, 579-See:-Nag
(varieties)
Kariari, 579-See:-Ari (varieties)
Kari-beli-panna-maravara, 156
Karibevu, 195-See:-Bevu
(varieties)
Karibolam, 75-See:-Bolam
Karicheri, M/46
Karifiyun, 400
'Kariganne, 296
Karigo,338
Karigu, 338
Karlhari, 579
Karijali, 9; 14-See:-Jali
(varieties)
. ,.
Karijeenangi-mara, 1130- ~
I
Karijirigay,855-See:-Jeerigay
Karijiry, 855
Karik, 1285
Karimaram, 452
Karimardu, 1211
Karimaruthu, 1132
Karimatti, M/41; 121l-See:Matti (varieties)
Karimbu, 1083
Karimpolam, 1227
Karl-mulli, 1149-See:-Mulli
(varieties)
Kari-mutal, 432-See:-Mutal
Karimuttan,428-See:Muttan
Karinchirakam 855-See:Chirakam
Karinda, 450-See:-Karu
karinda
Karinekkigida, 572-See:Nekki (varieties)
Karing, 338
Karinga, 568; 569; 662
Karinghola, 1096
Karinje-rooku, 1001
Karinkilla, 282
Karink-uvalam, 809
Karinthuvari, 454
Karintoomba, 114
Kari-phal, 828
Kari-pippuli, 1117-See:Pippuli
Karira,265
Karisalai, 471-See:-Salai
Karisalangani,471-See:Salangani
Karisasivey, 21~ee:
Sasivey
Karishalaguni, 469-See:Shalagunt
Karisha-Ianganni, 469
Karishanganni, 471-See:Shariganni
Karisirang-kanni, 469-See:Kanni (varieties)
Karit, 405
INDEX
Karittiumbi, 114-See:Thumbi
Kari-tulasi, 865-See:-Tulasi
(varieties)
Karitumpa, 114-See:-Tumpa
Karivaepamu, 195-See:Vaepamu
Karivaepu, 195-See:-Vaepu
Karivana, 662-See:-Vana
Kariveelum, 14-See:-Veelum
Karivembu, 570-See:Vembu (varieties)
Karivi-pola, 699-See:-Pola
Kariwageti, 923-See:-Wageti
Karjurakaya, 943
Karkana, 1087
Karkandhu, 1318
ltarkani, 594; 733; 1167
Karkannie, 478-See:-Kannie
Karkapilli, 978
Karkataka, A/217; 807; 820
KarkatasiU-ingi, 1062-See:Shringi (varieties)
Karkati, A/213; 406
Karkatika-See:-MadhuKarkatika
Karki, 151
Karkotaki, 807
Karkun, 1054
Karla, 595; 805
Karmal, 164; 449-See:-MotaKarmal; Vadli-Karmal
Karmaranga, 164-See:Ranga (varieties)
.
Karmbala, 164-See:-Bala
(varieties)
Karmoha, 266-See:-Moha
(varieties)
Karmora, 608--See:-Mora
Karna-nebu, 346-See:-Nebu
(varieties)
Karnaspota, 271; 351
Karni-See:-Laghukarni; ,
Mooshakarni
Karnika, 1010-See:-Vriddhakarnika
Karnikara, 933; 1026-See:Kara (varieties)
Karnikay, 354
Karochikadu, 254
Kanodio, 271
Karoi, 1172
Karomonga, 164
Karonda, 266
Karonta, 926
Karoonday, 555
Karotti, 441
Karpas, 587
Karpokarishi, 1020
Karpoor, 250-See:-Kacha
Karpoor
Karpooram, 250-See:-CheenKarpooram; Pacha Karpooram; Pachai Karpool\ 'm
Karpooran-cheena, 250-1. 800:Cheen-Karpooram
Karpoora silajit, M/24-See:Silajit (varieties)
Karpoorpul, 104
Karpur, 741
Karpura, 250
Karpura-haridra, 412-See:Haridra (varieties)
Karpuram, 250
Karpuram-aku -See:-ShimaKarpuram-aku
Karpura Maram, 512
Karpuri-benda, 627-See:Benda (varieties)
Karrinim, 195-See:-Nim
( varieties)
Karsar, 1220
Karshaka, M/55
Karshapalah, 1202-See:Palah
Kar-shunnambu, M/44
Karsih, 923
Kartaka-See:-Bhu-Kartaka
Kartappe, 1154
Kartikai, 807-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
KaI1tikkai-kizhangu, 579
Kartola, 807
Karu, 573; 1055
Karua -See:-Vilayati-Karua;
Ajakarua
824
Karu-allamu, 1308
Karuan, 387
Karu-bogi, 1020-See:-Bogi
Karuchikkudu, 424-See:Chikkudu
Karuellu, 1126-See:-Ellu
(varieties)
Karuka-pullu, 425
Karukatta, 1315
Karum,282
Karumbu, 1083
Karumsembai, 1130
Karuna,348
Karunaikkizhangu, 1253
Karuna kalang, 94-See:Kalang (varieties)
Karungkaranai, 1253-See:Karanai (varieties)
E:arungkonnai, 290-See:Konnai
Karunjiragam, 855-See:Jiragam (varieties)
Karunochchi, 572-See:N ochchi ( varieties)
Karunshirogam, 85S-See:Shiragam (varieties)
Karuntoli, 331-See:-Toli
Karupale, 1036
Karupali, 1036
Karuparutti, 588-See:Parutti
Karu-pasupu, 1308-See:Pasupu (varieties)
Karuppo-mara, 1211
Karuppu-damar, 254-See:Damar (varieties)
Karuppu-maruta-maram, 1211
Karuppuram, 250
Karupu-pillanje, 949
Karupuravalli, 113
Karu-umattai, 440-See:Umatai
Karuvael,9
Karuvappattai-See:-KattuKaruvappattai
Karlelum,9
Kar-vaghe, 60
Karuveppillai, 195; ~21
I.
Karvand, 266
Karvela, 599
Karvi, 1172
Karvi-turai, 753-See:-Turai
(varieties)
Karwai-nai, 1031-See:-Nai
(varieties)
.
Karwa-kantela, 133-See:Kantela.
Karwando, 266
Karwi, 360
Karwru, 1280
Karyal,265
Karya-ruku, 1175
Kasa, 1088- S6e:-Harikasa;
Rajanikasa; Kasa-kasa
Kasa bijam; 901
Kasaginnie, 1226
Kasa-kasa, 902-See:-Kasa
(varieties)
Kasakase, 902--See:-ChhoteKase
Kasalu, 72; 148
Kasamarda, 289; 290
Kasambi, 278
Kasangu, 945
Kasani-See:-Tukhm~e-
Kasani
Kasarkana mara, 1175
Kasave, 148
Kasbussini, 1143
Kase-See:-Chhote-kase;
Kasakase
Ka~erudila, 1117
Kashab-chinae, 1143
Kashakasha, 902
Kasha-katti, (D"'ye) 11
Kashamaram, 787
Kashappu-vetpalarishi, 634See:-Vetpalarisi
Kasheruka, 1117
Kashi-bhopla, 722-See:Bhopla (varieties)
Kashinda-See:-Kondakashinda
Kashiphal, 408; 722
Kashiphala, 407
Kashis, M,I64
,-"
INDEX
Kash-mal, 187; 189; 191; 867

Kashmeera, 385
Kashmeeramu, 385
Kashmirajanama, 389
Kashmira musk, A/197-See:
-Musk ( varieties)
Kashmirl.-Hermodactyls, 369See:-Hermodactyls
Kashmiri-mara, 584
Kashmirja, 1108
Kashoa, 787
Kashtam, 1108
Kash-tha-koyala, M/46
Kashurk-kali, 632-See:-Kali
(varieties)
Kashuruk-virai--.:.see:Shivappu-kashuruk-virai
Kasinda, 289
Kasini-virai, 313-See:-Virai
(varieties)
Kasini-vittulu, 313-See:Vittulu (varieties)
Kasis, M/64-See:-Harakasis; Hira-kasis
Kasisa, M/63
Kasku-kutta, l1-See:-Kutta
Kaskusri-See:--Jalidar Kas..
kusri
Kasmar, 584
Kasmari, 584
Kasni,313
Kasondi, 289
Kaspat, 534
Kaspatta, 114-See:-,..patta
( varieties)
Kassar, 1285
Kasschara, 666-See:-Chara
(varieties)
Kassu, 607
Ka.stel, 656
Kastori-manjal, 418-See:Manjal (varieties)
Kasturi, A/196; 44~:
Kadu-kasturi; Kala-:kasturi;
Kam-kasturi; Kattakasturi;
Kattuk-kasturi; Lata-kasturi;
Lata kasturikam; Vattilaikasturi
'
53
825
Kasturi-arishina, 414-See:Arisina
\
Kasturibenda-vittulu, 626-27See:-Vittulu (varieties)
Kasturi-bhendo, 627-See:Bhendo (varieties)
Kasturi-dana, 626-See:-Dana
(varieties)
Kasturika-See:-Zala Kasturika
Kasturikam-See:-Lata Kasturikam
Kasturi-Malliga, 703-See:Malligai (varieties)
Kasturi-manjal, ~87; 414; 1095
-See:-Manjal (varieties)
Kasturi-mogre, 703-See:Mogre (varieties)
Kasturi-munai, A/147-See:Munai
Kasturipaspu, 187-See:Pasupu (varieties)
Kasturi-pasupu, 414-See:Pasupu (varieties)
Kasturipatte, 847
Kasturivendaik-kayvirai, 627See:-Virai (varieties)
Kasunda, 289--See:-Bas-KiKasunda; K a 1 a-Kasunda;
Kalkasunda
Kasuri, 520
Kasus, 420-See:-HeeraKasus
Kasusa-See:-Tukhm-iKasUfia
Kasuvayee, 289
Kat-See:-Kala-Kat
Kata-See:-Lodhano-Kata;
Mala-eri-Kataj Tel-Kata
Katahara, 146
Katai, 1156
Kataka, 1181
Katak-kalli, 522-See:-Kalli
(varieties)
Kata Kelenga, 449-See:Kelenga
Katal, 116
826
Katala, A/214; 311-See:Kathira, 362; 117()

Nelakatala
Kath-Khar,
ll-See:-Khar
Kotalai-See :-Anekatalai
(varieties)
Kathori, 315
Katalati. 21
Kath-shim,
Katali-See :-Anekatali
255-See:-Shim.
( varieties)
Katamanak, 705
Kaththiri, 1151
Katambi, 566
Kathu,l1
Katampam, 1138
Kathu-inshi-kua, 1315
Katappa, 1205
Katiahar, 146
Katarali, 302-See:-Arali
Kat-aralie,1l89-See:-Aralie Katier, 555
Katikamto, 433
Kataru-murunga, 52-See:Katila, 158
Murunga
Kat-illipi, 179
Katat,387
Kati-mango, 221-See:-ManKataveri, 677
go; Mowda (varieties)
Katavjate, 764
Katbel, 535-See:-Bel (varie- Katira, 1170
Katira-i-Hindi, 362-See:--.
ties)
Hindi (varieties)
Katbish, 23; 28-See:-Bish
Katkadalekka, 763
Katchoor, 418
Katkali, 384-See:-Kali
Katchu. 148-See:-Kanta(varieties)
Katchu
Katkaliji, 226
Kate, 1244
Katkamba, 1228
Kateli, 1150; 1156
Katkaranj, 226; 229-See:Katenth, 946
Karanj
Katera gond, 362-See:-Gond
Katki, 953
(varieties)
Katkomal, 235-see:-Komal
Katfit, 670
Katkomjanga, 1277
.
Katgular, 550-See:-Gular
Kat-lata, 932
(varieties)
Katma, 221
Kath, 1254
Katmandoo, 1233
Katha, ll-See:-ChinaiKatmorungi, 876
Katha
Katha Chibudo, 273-See:- Katnim, 195
Katoi, 133
Chibudo
Katori, 45; 334
Kathai, 1096
Katori Kavath, 535-See:Kathal, M/ll6
Kavath
.~
Kathalai, 55
Katphala, 828
Kathaligida, 73
Katre-iriki, 667Kathari, 1150
Katri, 1278-See:"'-:-t\shva katri
Kathay, 1096
467-See:Kathbel, 535-See:-Be1 (var- Katri-indrayan,
Indrayan (varieties)
ieties)
Katsareya, 175
Kathenerinnil, 926-See:Katsol, 1077
Nerinnil
Kath-gular, 548-See~-Gular Katson, 1077
Katta-boggu, M/46-See:( varieties)
Boggu
Kathil, M/1l6
..
INDEX
Kattai-jati, 764-See:.:_,}ati
(varieties)
Kattakami-chettu, 1181
Kattakasturi, 627-See:-Kasturi (varieties)
Kattalai, 73; 76
Kattam, 996
Kattamanakku,
70~See:Amanakku (varieties)
Kattamara, 460 Kathamara
Kattarama-tulasi, 861-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Kattatti, 183-See:-Atti
(varieties)
Kattavala, 73; 75--See:-Avala
(varieties)
Kattei-tulluva, 864
Kattellu, 595--See:-Ellu
(varieties)
Katterikayi, 1151-See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Kattige-iddal;u, M/46
Kattilavan,
362--See:-Tilavana Tilvan (varieties)
Kattivatigai, 1317-See:-Tivatigai
Kattle-ti, 362
Kattualandu, 1198
Kattu-atthi, 550-See: -Atti
(varieties)
Kattu-elumichhampazham,
827
Kattukkodi, 362-See:-Kodi
(varieties)
Kattukurnap, 331-See:-Kur..
nap
Kattu-malika, 700-See:Mallika (varieties)
Kattumalligei, 703-See:Malligei (varieties)
Kattumanjal, 414-See:-Manjal (varieties)
Kattumullangi, 202--See:Mullangi
Kattu-nerinjal, 926--See:Nerinjal (varieties)
Kattu-olupoe, 1203-See:Olupoe
Kattu-Papillay, 749-See:Papillay
KattupayriI, 938--See:Payaru; Payru
1236-See:_;. .
Kattu-potolam,
Potolam
Kattup-pepudal, 1235-See:_; !
"
Pepudal
Kattuppilli, 978-See:-Pilli
Kattu ram tulasi, 863-See:-;
Ramtulasi; Tulasi
. :(varieties)
Katturanji, 61-See:-Turanji
Kattu-shiragam, 1268-See:- ;
Shiragam (varieties)
Kattu-tumatti, 405-See:--o16~e:-Ellimichhampa
Tumatti (varieties)
zham
Kattuvalari, 254-See:-Valari:
Kattu-elupay, 1203-See:Kattu valli Kalangu, 451--'-See:
Elupay
- Valli-kalangu; Kalangu;
Kattuirrupa, 179-See:-Irru(varieties)
pai
Kattu-ventiyam, 1138-See:'-'-' !
Kattu-kadalai, 763-See:Ventiyam
'r
Kadalai (varieties)
Katu-ayamodakam-See:,
i
Kattu-karuvappattai, 331Ayamodakam
See:-Karuvappattai
K.atuchuram, 722
Kattukjiragam,
1268--See:- Katuka, 953; M/13
Jiragam (varieties)
Katukapel, 1098
Kattukkaranai,
1188--See:- Katukarogani, 953-See:Karanai
Rogani
Katukarohini, 618; 619-See:Kattuk-kasturi, 627-See:-Kasturi (varieties)
Rohini (varieties)
.'
Katuki, 573; 752; 953-See:Kalikatulti

Katukina, 1303
Katulam, 1283
Katu-mallige, 700-See:-Mallige (varieties)
Katumbhi, 296
Katunirure, 948
Katu-niruri, 947-See:-Niruri
Katu-patram, 1309
Katurohini, 618; 953-See:Rohini (varieties)
Katu-tippali, 746-See:---,Tippall (varieties)
Katu-tumbi, 721-See:-Tumbi
(varieties)
Katuvara, 255--See:-Vara
(varieties)
Katuvelleri,
335-See:-Velleri
Katuvira. 268-See:-Vira
(varieties)
Katvel,405
Katwa-See:-Kala-Katwa;
Kyakatwa
'
Katyan-See: -Lal-katyan
Kau, M/119j 869
Kau-kan, 1138--See:-Kan
(varieties)
.
Kaula, 408
Kauli-See-Kali-Kauli
Kaundala, 1238
Kaunti,960
K~tir, 95; 618-See:-Dharuja
'.Kim!"
Kaliraj, 1282
Kauraro, 718
Kauri, . l075-See-Pankauri
Kauthimbul, 38
Kauti, 661
Kava, 658-See:-Malakava;
Markava
Kavach,818
Kavachhi, 354
Kavali,596
'Kavali' jowars, 1161-See:Jowars (varieties)
, .
Kavandali, 335
. IJ-"
..
Kavat,535
!Kavath,
Kavath
Kavatha, 535
'Kava-thenthe, 354--See:Thenthe
Kavati, 1171
Kavdi, A/I58
Kavi-kallu-See :-SimeKavikallu
Kavirai-See :-Sima-kavirai
Kaviri-sandra, ll-See:Sandra
KavistetaJkh, 335-See:-Talkh
Kavit, 535
Kavitha, 535
Kavitpana, 535-See:~Pana
(varieties)
Kavta, A/162
Kawal-See:_:'KishmishKawai
Kavya, l211
Kawaliyan-See:-Kishmishi-Kawaliyan
Kawat, 742 .
Kawata-See:-Kadu-Kawata
Kawati-See:--Small Kawati
Kayagahru, 120
Kayakuti, 775-See:-Kuti
(varieties)
Kayam, 537-See: -Perungkayam; Perunkayam
Kayampuvuchedi, 787
Kayaphul, 828
Kayappari-kottai, 117~ee:Kottai (varieti~s)
Kayapute,. 775
Kayaputi, 775
Kayaputia, 775
Kayar, Aj213
Kaya-si, 335
Kayee or Kayi-See: -Kai
(varieties)
Kayili, 264 .
Kaylor, 811
Kayo-gadis, 333-See:-Gadis
Kayoo-orb, 529-See: -Orb
Kayphal, 834
INDEX
Kazabun, 871
Kazhangu, 130
Kazhar-shikkay, 226-See:Shikkay
Kazhinnila, 562-See: -Nila
(varieties)
Kazhur, 418
Kazlunnilla, 562
Kazuri,869
Kazuthai-tumbai, 1233-See:Tumbar
Kea,894
Kebir, 265
Kecara,390
Kedagai, 894-See Gai
(varieties)
Kedage, 894
Kedagi,894
K edangu, 1130
Kedari-chua, 88-See: -Chua
Keelay, 266
Keera-See: -Kahi-keera;
Pu1ichai-kee~a; Tavakeera;
Seemai-pulichai-keera
Keerai-See: -Meddaykeerai; Passrai-keeray
Keerippundu, 872-See:Pundu (varieties)
Kehalgana, 822
Kehetara-ubal-dana, 1137:See: -Dana (varieties)
Kel-See:-Ban-Kel; Narikel;
"Ram KeI"; "Raj-kel"; SonkeI; Tambdi-kel
Kel~
822-See: -Ban-kela;
Son-keIa; Narikela
Kelenga-See: -Katakelanga
Kelanji, 855
Kelangu-See: -Sak-kerivellei-kelangu
Keli, 822-See:-Devakeli;
Krishnakeli; Pahari-keli;
Son-keli
Keli-kadam, -See: -Kadam
Kellkadamba, 843-See:Kadamba (varieties)
~empu Chitramula, 989-See:
829.
-Chitramula (varieties)
Kempu-cumma, 14-See:Cumma
Kempu-gandhagiri, 294-See:.
-Gandhagiri
Kempu-kerubija, 96-See:Kerubija
Kempu Khasa Khase gida, 901
-See: -Khasa-khase-gida
Kempu mandara, 184-See:Mandara
Kempu. menasu, 268--See:Menasu (varieties)
Kemuka, 385
Kend, 453; 454
Kendu, 453
Kenduka, 453
Kengan, 792
Kenika, 609
Kenjal, 1211
Kenkalimara, 1105
.
678-See: -AneKennegilu,
neggi~u; Neggilu; Doddaneggilu
Keo-khin, M/2-See: -Khin
Keora, 894
Keora-ka-mul, 694
Keora, 894
Keora-ka-mul, 694
Keoreka-mul, 69!'i
Keore-ku-mul, 694
Kepala, 698
Kerapfel-See: -Zu-kerapfel
Kerav,977
Keray-See: -Vasole-keray
Kering,876
Keriti,666
Kermes mineral, M/13
Kerni, 1286
Kersani seed, 595
Kerubija-See: -KempuKerubija
Kerugakkay, 933
Kerukoh batu, 609-See:-Batu
Kerula, 805
Kesani,595
Kesar, 390
Khad-See: _Dhanghi-khad;
Kesara-Se e : _TamranagaSunthia-khad
kesara; Nagkeshar; Kun- Khaddi-See:
-Visha-khaddi
kuma-kesara; Naga-kesara; Khaddu,
722-See: -J angliN agkesara;
Retinagakesara;
khaddu
Sinha-kesara
Khaderi,l1
Kesaraja, 1291
Khadir, 1254
Kesaranjan, 471-See:Khadira, 11
Ranjan
Khadiram, 11
Kesari, 199; 520; 72e
Khado-See: -Pade-khado
Kesarichettu, 389
Khadu, M/6; MilO
Keshar, 390
Khdyanag, 579-See:-Nag
Kesharaj, 469
(varieties)
Kesharaja, 469
Khaet, 535
Keshur,1117
Khagphulai, 1061
Kesooria, 469
Khai-maphyn, MillS
Kessar, 390
Khaipok, M/83
Kesu, 224-See:-SimboKhair, 11
kesu
Khaira,l1
Kesugi,705
Khairchampa, 993-See:Kesun-ni, 63
Champa (varieties)
Kesur-See : _Mahat-kesur;
Khairuwa, 151
Sonekesur
Khaiyar,l1
. Kesura-See : -LaghuKhaja, 219
kesura
Khajarkulli, 818
Kesuri,469
Khaj-golicha-vel, 284-See:Kesuria, 469
Golich vel
Kesusi, 1065
Khajjuri, 943
Kesuti, 469
Khajkotli, 1226
Kesutti, 469
Khajoti,17
Ketaki, 894
Khajur, 943; 946-See:Ketan, 877
Benkhajur;
Kadu-khajt
Ketmia ambretta, 626--See:Kala-khajur
Ambretta
Khajuri, 946 .
Ketmie Acide, 632-See:Khajuwa, 581
Acide
Khaka, 415
Ketmie de Cochin china, 631
Khakara, 222-See:~Kara
K.eu, 385
(varieties
Keur, 894
Khakshi, 1142
Kevani, 615
Khakshir, 1142
Kevda, 394
Khalagi, 726 ..
Kevei, 328
Khalakula, 458-See: -Kull
Kewar, 634
(vari~ties)
Kewiro, 822
Khalis, A/215
Keya, 894
. Khalse, A/215
I
. Khamir, 1299
Khabhar, 1092
Khanda, 486
Khaboung, 1175
Khandvel, 1266
Khabsul Hadid, M/62
..
/'
INDEX
Khanekhaswael, 953
Khangi, 1138
Khanjana, A/205
Khapario, A/131
Khaparo-See: -Kalakhaparo; Vakha-khaparo
Khapat-See: -Nahani khapat
Khapate,8
Khapli, 1250
Khapparkadu, 303; 304-See:
-Kadu (varieties)
Khapra,203-See:-Vishkhapra
Khar, M/6; M/88-See:J avakhar;
Kankan-khar;
Kathkhar;
Kuddia-khar;
Papadkhar; Sajjikhar; Shorakhar; Somalkar; Sumbulkhar; Tankankhar; Ustarkhar
Khara,
M/55-See: -Kuliakhara; Sojikhara;
Kharabeka hindi, 618- See:Hindi varieties
Kharai,606
Kharaikapus-See: - Vadlikharai-kapus; Kapus
(varieties)
Khara-khusk, 1229
Kharaki, 150
Kharakia, 943
Kharaki-Rasana, 1252
Khara-manjari, 21-See:Manjari
Kharanr-See: -Padikharam
Kharanfal, 835
Khara Pushpa, 864
Kharas, 804
Kharasan, 392-See: -San
Kharasinga, 876-See: -Singa
(varieties)
Kharazahrah, 848
Kharbaqe-hindi, 953-See:Hindi (varieties)
,
Karbuza-See:-Arandkharbuza
Kharbuka-talkt, 335
Khardi, 388
831
Kharenti, 1134
Khar-e-shutra, 611
Khareti, 1134-See: -Tukatikhareti
Khare-vazhun, 21
Khargas, 543
Khargee, A/217
Khargosh, A/191
Khari, M/l4-See:-Dhoihuvi-khari; Phiti-khari
Kharia, 449
Khar-i-buz, 62
Kharijuri, 946
Kharik, 943; 946
Khariu, 896
Khariya, M/41
Kharjugna, 291
Kharjura, 946-See: -Pindakharjura
Khark, 237
Kharkanela, 1091
Khar-mahra, A/l58
Kharmati, 594-See: -Mati
(varieties)
Kharna, 486
Kharner, 351-See: -Ner
Kharo, M/88
Kharoti, 543
Kharpara, M/131-See: -Para
(varieties)
Kharpara-tuttha, M/131--See:
- Tuttha (varieties)
Kharpat, 570
Kharpuza-See: -Arandkharbuza; Kharbuza
Kharsani, 595
Kharsing, 1169
Kharsingi, 1169-See:-Singi
( varieties)
Khartu, 618
Kharvant, 543-See: - Vadlikharwant
Kharvat, 543
Kharvel, 130
Kharvuja, 402
Kharwant-See: -Kharvant
Kharwat, 550
Kharyal, 430
832
Kharyamitti, M/6-See:Mitti (varieties)

I
Khar-yashitka, 1138
Khas, , 109-See: -Khaskhas;
Bazr-ul-khas
'
Khasa-See: -Khas; Kahs:khasa
Khasakdana, 278-See:Dana (varieties)
Khasake-Kabir, 926-See:Kabir
,
Khasaka-kalan, 926
Khasa-khase-gida-See:Kempa Khasa-khase-gida
Y:..has bena, 109-See: -Bena
(varieties)
Khashbar, 952-See: -Bar
(varieties)
Khash-Khash, 902-See:Qishrul Khash-khash
Khasia Pine, 957-See: -Pine
(varieties)
Khaskhas, 109; 901-See:Khas (varieties)
Khaskhasa-chcheti-See: Chovanna Khaskhasachcheti
Khaskhasnu-jhad-See: Lal-khaskhasnu-jhad
Khaskhasache-jhad-See: Tambde Khaskhasache-jhad
Khasoon dates, 94~ee:
Dates (varieties)
Khata-See: -Jadvarkhata
Khatai-See:-Raziyanje
khatai; , Badian-i-khatai;
Bedanjir-e-khatai
Khatase, A/234
Khatiyan-See: -Hath iKhatyan
Khatkhati, 594
Khat-Khatumbo, 12S5'
Khatkutli, 818-See:-Vodlekhatkutli
Khattamitha, 890-See;Mitha (varieties)
I
Khattikan, 1080-s,~~Kal1
(varieties)
.
Khatyan-See: -Safedkhatyan
Khau,869
Khavalyavali, 818
Khavas, 130
Khavo,696
Khaya, 801
Khayahe-i-iblis, 226
Khayarshambar, 285
Khayer,11; 1254
Khejur-See:--(;hararkhejur; Khir-khejur; Fir
khejur
Khen, 776
Khenni-See:-Kin-khenni
Kher, l1-See:-Kamakhe
Kheri, 798
Kheriti, 1137
Kh~rmuj, 402
Khetki,55
Khetmie-a-feuilles de chau
628
Khetpara, 869-See: -Pan
(varieties)
Khewnau, 547
Khilaf, 1089
Khilza, 748
Khin, M/2-See-Keo-khi!
Khinjak, 975
Khinna, 1104
Khinnab, 256
Khip,892
Khippi,392
Khira, 403
Khirai,891
Khirkhejur, 802-See:Khejur (varieties)
Khirnee, 802
Khirni, 802
Khirva, 106~
Khitame-See::......Tukm-eKhitame
Khitami~i-kuchaka, 763-Kuchaka
Khiyar,75t
Khoinbo, 278
Khoira, 11
Khoiru,l1
INDEX
Khoja, 234
Khok,237
Khokali, 17
Khokli,17
Khol rabi, 214-See: -Rabi
Khor, 15; 608
Khorasani-bora, 131~ee:
Bora (varieties)
Khorasani-Kutki, 61S-See:See:-Kutki (varieties)
Khorasani-owa, 670-See:Owa
Khorasan-thorn, 611
Khour, 16
Khsetra parpati, 560-See:Parpati
Khubah, 1142
Khubani, 1014
Khubazi, 763
Khubkaln,1142
Khudiokra, 310-See: -Okra
(varieties)
Khueri~ 304
Khulakudi, 662
Khulanj,77
Khulanjan, 77; 79-See:Anjan (varieties)
Khulanjan-e-qasbi, 77
Khulinjin, 80
Khul-khuri, 666
Khune Siyiavushane hindi,
1025-See:-Hindt (varieties)
Khurasani, 595
Khurasani ajvayan, 670-See:
-Ajwaina-khurasam
Khurasani-thora, 529-See:Thora (varieties)
Khurasli, 857-Asli
Khurbanti, 58-See: -Banti
(varieties)
Khurbuj, 402
Khurma, 943
Khurmal-khushk, 943
Khurmal-yab-is, 943
Khurpendra, 569
Khursa,. 1005
833
Khus, 109-See:-Suphadiekhus
Khusing, 294-See: -Sing
(varieties)
'Khus-Khus' grass, 1271
Khus-ravedurue-kalan, 77
Khuttia, 346
Khwagawala, 1089
Kiabara, 265
Kiain, 50; 51
Kibabeh, 400
Kibrika, M/119
Kibrit, M/119
Kichilibaddalu, 1095
Kich-chilik-See: -Simekich-chilik
Kichilic-kizhanga, 41~ee:
Shimai-kich-chilikkishangu
Kichili-gaddalu, 418
Kida-See: -Makhamali-kida
Kidamar, 1001
Kidamari, 138
Kidaran-See: -Wal-kidaran
Kidney Beans, 937; 942-See:
-Beans (varieties)
Kijapute, 775
Kikar, 9-See: -Gu-kikar;
Kali-kikar; Safed-kikar;
Vilayati-kikar
Kilanelli, 947-See: -Nelli
(varieties)
Kilangu-See:-Kachholakilangu; Nilappanangkilangu;
Sheemai-kilangu;
Gajjara-kilangu
Kilataka (Curd of milk) , A/183
Kilavari, 152; 153-See:-Vari
(varieties)
Kilkila, A/166
KiImora, 189
Kilo, M/44
Kilongu-See: -Nellapanakilongu
Kils, M/42
Kilubu-See: -KabbinadaKilubu; Kitta
Kimsuka or Palas Lata, 224'
834
Kinai tihiri, 61-See: -Tihiri

Kinbila, 761
.
Kindal, 1211
Kingaro, 555
Kingfisher, A/166
Kingly, 800
- King of Bitters, 101
King's Tonic, 892
Kinji, 1055
Kinjole, 176
Kinkar, 16
Kin-khenni, 989-See: Khenni
Kinnamomon, 328
Kinncha or kinneha, 541
Kino-See: -Bengal Kino;
Indian Kino; Malabar Kino
Kirai-See: -Piratti-kirai;
Poonangannikkirai Shakkankir:ai; Soinpappu-kirai;
Thanduk-kirai; Kuppaikkirai; Musalkaduk-kirai; Palay-kirai
Kirae-See: -Manalie-kirae
Kinsuka, 222-See:-Suka
Kiraita, 573; 1184
Kiralu, 138
Kiramaja, A/155
Kiramal, 1001
Kiramar, 138
Kiramatti, M/7-See:-Matti
(varieties)
Kirambu, 280; 835
Kiramjee, A/155
Kiramju, A/155
Kiramoniowa, 142
IGramukam, 130
Kiran, 1119
Kirankuri, 485-See: -Kuri
(varieties)
Kirara, 807
Kiraruga, 924
Kirata, 101
Kiratatikta, 573; 1184-See:Tikta (varieties)
Kirath, 65
Kiray-See: -Perretay/
kiray; SharvalaY.'3~iiilY;
Sunday-kiray ..
KiraYet, 573-Chota-kiraya
Kala-kirayat; Olenkirayat
Kirbir-See: -Pilikirbir
Kirch, 447
Kire-See: -Suk-gu-kire;
Pulia-kire
Kiretta-See: -Pahari Kirett
Kirfa, 328
Kiriguligida, 1149-See:Guligida
KiriInar, 1167
Kirindi-wel, 1075
Kiripurandan, 872-See:Purandan
Kirishivani, 828-See:Shivani
Kirithi, 760
Kiriyat, 101; 573
Kiriyattu, 1184
Kiriyatu, 573
Kirkundi, 709-See: -Kundi
Kirmala, 142
('
.
Kirmanji-ajwan, 1130-See:
Ajwan
I,
Kirminj, A/155
Kirmira, 581
Kirnelli, 946-See: -Nelli
(varieties)
Kirni, 264
Kirtcma, 445
Kirtrnari, 389
Kirumanji, 150
Kiruhelli, 947-See:-Nelli
(varieties)
Kirvali, 285-See~ - Vali
(varieties)
Kiryat, 101; 717-See:Oilikiryat ,"
KirYata, 717
Kiryat-charayatah, 1184--S{
-Charayatah~ (varieties)
Kiryato, 101
:
Kisangi, 1135
Kisangl-hettutti gida, 1138
See: -Hettuti-gida
Kishmish, 1285
Kishmish-i-kawaliyan, 127
See: -Kawaliyan
INDEX
lGshmish-kawal, 1276-See:KawaI
Kishniz, 381
Kisht-See: -Kist-bar-kisht
Kissargida, 698
Kissi-See: -Mate-kissi
Kiss-miss, 1276
Kist-bar-kisht, 615--See:Kisht
Kitchli, 339
Kits, M/41
Kitta-See: -Kabbina<;la
Kilubu; Kabbinada-kitta.
Kittalay, 339-See: -Servukittalay
Kittam-See:-Yakada-kittam
Kiuh, 339
Kivanch, 818
Kinvantanini, 615
Kiwach, 818
Kiyasanoin, 414
Kiyon-bhaI}.bin, 1278-See:Bhanbin
Kizhanga-See: -PulanKizhanga
Kizhangu-See: -Manthorikizhangu; Nilap-panaikKizhangu;
Sakkaraivallikkizhangu; Tannirvittankizhangu; U rulaikkizhangu
Kizanna, 427-See: -Korakizanna
Kizhanma-See: -Pulam
Kizanma
Kizhanna, 94; 619-See:Pulan-kizhanna
Kizhkay nelli, 947-See:-Nelli (varieties)
Kneekhowa, 728
Knoblanch gamander, 1212
Knol Khol, 214; 217; 218
Knollenbohne, 459
Knorpeltang, 310
Knot grass, 999
Koa, 1194
Koame,871
Kobee-See: -Phulkobee
Kobbirichettu, 363
835
Kobi, 211-See: -Phulkobee;

Kobee
Kobi-gaddi, 217
Kobir-sir-bhaji, 1135--See:Bhaji (varieties)
Kobusi, 828
Kobutar, A/156
Kochelachipullu, 1299
Kochi,13
Kochillitti-pulla, 695
Kochinil-puchi, A/155
Kochu-See: -Ghit-kochu
Kodagasaleh, 1081
Kodali, 723
Kodalia, 446
Kodambada, 1166-See:Ambado
Koddu, 618
Kodi-See: -Adapukodi;
Kakkattan-kodi; Kattukkodi;
Shindil-kodi; Sindilkodi;
Thelukodi; Kalarkodi
Kodiepalay, 465
Kodi-kakkanam, 354-See:Kakkanan
Kodikakkatan-virai, 688
Kodimuli, 989-See: -Muli
(varieties)
Kodi-murukkan, 224-See:Murukkan
Kodinella, 405
Koditani, 578-See: -Tani
Kodo,924
Kodoa-dhan, 924-See: -Dhan
(varieties)
Kodra, 924
Kodrava, 924
Kodu, 722
Koel, A/160
Koelo-See:-Lakdu-koelo
Koelapenna, 285
Koemis Koetjing, 877
Koestam, 385
Kohal, M/13
Kohala, 18S-See: -Bhuikohala; Sukkar-kohala
Kohalun-See: -Pilunkohalun
Kohi, 71
836
Kohibung, 669
Kohla, 406; 722
I
Kohola-See: -Pila-kohola
Kohorenj, 247
Koh-tor, 756-8ee: -Tor
Kohumba, 776
Roi, A/214; A/216-See:Tanikoi
Koil, A/160
Koilah, M/46
Koilamukri, 849
Koiral, 182
Koivel, 352
Kokaburadi, 1095
Kokam, 566
Kokambel, 566-See: -Ambel
Kokam-cha-tel, 566
Kokam-ka-tel, 566
Kokan,297
Kokil, A/160
Kokila, A/160
Kokilaksha,141; 667
Kokkitaya-ralu, 1282
Koklee, 1303
Koko-aru, 868-See: -Am
Kokonad, 844
Kokoranj, 247
Kokra, 924
Kokum,565
\
Kokum butter, 566-See also:
-Butter (varieties)
Kokun,718
Kola,
1316-See:-Get-kola;
Hingende-kola; Hingotu
kola; Kamkola; Kankola;
Kakkola
Kolakuponna, 612-See:Ponna (varieties)
Kola nut, 1169
Kola-ponna, 1255--See:Ponna (varieties)
Kolavalike, 667
Kolavarvalli, 685
Kolavu, 607
Kolejan, 1283
Kole-zan, l282
_.
Koli, 870-Srigalakoli; .J ako'

Kshirakakkoli; Kakkoli;
Ksirakakoli
Koliar,182
Koli-che-chular, 735
Koli Kalamhullu, 923
Kolikanda, 1257-See:Kanda (varieties)
Kolinji, 562
Kolistha, 667
Kolkanda,1257--See:Kanda (varieties)
Kolkando--See:-Lahan
kolkando; Kando (varietie
Kolkaphul, 1218
Kolku-ponna, 1255--See:Ponna (varieties)
Kalla, 607-See: -Mindukol
Kollan-kova-kizhauna, 219
Kollay-cottaynellay, 1010
Kollivirai-See :-Kakkaykollivirai; Virai (varietie:
Kolli-Vittulu, 68B-See:Vittlu
Kollu, 458
Kolluk-kay-welai, 562
Kolsa--See: -Lakdachakolsa; Lakrlka-kolsa
Kolsekajhar, 667
Kolsi, 667
Kolsunda, 667--See: -Sund~
(varieties)
Kolsundara, 667
Kolvirai--See: -Ishappukolvirai; Virai (varieties)
Komal, 1008-See:\ Katkomal
Komardu, 338
Komati,761
Kombarakku, ~A/148
Kombu-kalli, 52~ee: -Kl
(varieties)
Kombupudalai, 1236; 1238
Kommu; 110
Kommu potla, 1236-See:Potla (varieties)
Kon, 157--See: -Nayukon;
Tirikon
INDEX ,
Konai, 285
:Konam, A/215
Konch, 818
Konchari, 272
Konch Bak, A/144-See:-Bak
Kondaa-jilugu, 281-See:Jilugu
.
!{ondaburaga, 207; 20~ee:-
Buraga
Konda-gongura, 629-See:Gongura
Kondai, 555
Konda-kalava, 716-See:!{alava (varieties)
Konda-kashinda, 122I-See:-Kashinda
Kondamalle:-See:--.Tajimal1e;
Malle (varieties)
. Kondamanga, 569-See:-Manga (varieties)
Kondapala, 1106--See: -Pala
(varieties)
Kondapan, 281-See:-Pan
(varieties)
Kondapatty, 629
Konda-tamara, 1145-See:Tamara (varieties)
Kondatantemu, 286-See:Tantemu
Konda vaghe, 61-See:-Vaghe
(varieties)
Kondavepa, 311; 784-See:Vepa (varieties)
Konde-See: -Tonde-konde
Kondemalle, 999-See:Malle
Kondrakayi, 285-See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Kondrikam-See: -Vellakondrikam
Kcnrlugogue pisunu, 362-See:
-Pi:sunu
. Konea-dumbar, 550-See: __:
Dumbar
Konfa goradu, 450-See:-Goradu
Kong, 1114
KonkanadhooPatn, 211-See:
-Dhoopam
Konna, 285
Konnai-See: -Sarakkonnai;
Karungkonnai; Mayikonnai
Konnari-gadde, 427-See:Gadde
Konnoi-See: -Sarokkonnoi
Konraikkai, 285-See: -Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Konsu-kandira, 1173-See:Kandira .
Koochuri, 532
Koofi-See:-Sad-koofi
Kookai, 413-See: -Kai or
Kayi (varietil$)
Kookatakayi,1103-See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Koolaliya, 446
Koolthee, 458
Koonch, 5
Kooneit, 415
Koordoo,.90
Kooruk, 294
Koova, 413-See: -Channakkoova
Koovalam, 45--See: - V alam
(varieties)
Koove-hittu, 41~l
Koove-pitto, 413
Kopok, 505
Koppata, 221
Koppi-See: -Pinasangamkoppi; Sangatn-koppi
Kora, 427; 897-See:-Kalkora; Shulundukora; Tiliakora; Tikora
Korada, 277
Korai-kizan-ghu., 428
Koraik-kizhangu, 430
Korakan, 477-See:-Kan
(varieties)
Kora-kizanna, 42~ee:
Kizanna
Korakpuli, 565-See:-Puli
(varieties)
Korallian, A/156
THE INDIAN J.\1ATERIA MEDICA
Kosundra, 183
Koranari-gadde, 428-See: ......
Gadda Gadde (varieties) I Kosuta, 1108
Kota, 1007
Koranda-See: -Kakoranda
Kotagandhal, 699
Korangumunga, 199-See:Kotai-See: -Paku-kotai
Munga
Kora!nta, .. 175--See:-Pivala- Kota-kappala, 1296
Kotambri-beeja, 381
koranta
.
Kotampum, 1244
Koranti, 1089-See: -PonKotap-See: -Tarse-kotap
koranti
Kota-shavukku, 1194-See:~orasani-ajowan, 670-See:. Shavukku (varieties)
Ajowan
Kote
Putol, 395-See:Korasigina-gida, 634
Putol
Koratige-See: -Halakoratige
Kotha, 535
Korattai, 1238
Kothan, 292
Korehi-jhar, 428
Kothavarai, 421
Koreta, 175--See:-PivalaKothimbir, 381
koreta
Kothuk,578
Korgi, 699
Kotikanbevila, 1138
Kori, 61
Kotimiri, 381
Korisha-See:-Hinna-iKottae, 96-See: -Mansenikorisha
kottae; Mundirikottae
Koriyun, 381
Kottai, 593; 1319-See:Korkot, 448
Nattu-akrotta-kottai;
PenKorphad,73
kottai; Poogan-kottai; PuiiKorra, 1131
nangkottai;
Serangkottai,
Korralu, 897
Shenkottai;
Singarokottai;
Korukapili, 978Tetankottai; Vadam-kottai;
Kosam, 1114
Yetti-kottai; Kapikottai; KaKosastha animals, A/140
yappan-kottai;
PonnankotKoshagru, 769
tai
Koshamba, 769
Kottai-pakku, 130-See:Koshataki, 751; 753; 755Pakku
See: _Raja-koshataki;
Kottak,
1162
Tikta-koshataki
Kottam, 1108
Koshia, 1040
Koshta, 377; 378; l108-See:- Kottamalli, 381-See: -Malli
(varieties)
Chagalkoshtam
Kottampalari,
381-See:Koshtam, 1108-See: -ChagalPalari
koshtam; J athi-koshtam
Kottay-See: -PoonganKosht-kulinjan, 77-See:Kottay .
Kulinjan (varieties)
Kottei,
:593
Kostu, 1108
Kottha Fooflee Sooparee,
Kostus, 385
(Dye) 'll-See:-Sooparel
Kosuguddae, 217-See:Kottmir, 381
Guddae or Gadda
Kottumbari, 381
(varieties)
Kotuveri-See:-VellakotuKosum,1114
veri; Chekkikotuveri
Kosumba, 1114
INDEX
Kot-vaghe, 60-See: - Vaghe

(varieties)
Koudumbar-See: -Kakoudumbar
Kounti, 821
Kousala, 1047
Kou-shikaha, 167
Kouyadori, 666
Kouzmasab, 434
Kova, 300
Kovai, 300; 355
Kovaraya, 291
Kovidara, 184
Kovippu, 217
.Kovu, A/230
Kowtee, 658
Kowti, 658
Koyala-See: -Nill-koyala
Koyapalam, 1017
Koyya, 1017
Kozhuppu, A/230-See:Uppu (varieties)
Krachura, 418
Krakara, A/213
Kramuka, 130
Krant-See: - Vishnukrant
Kranta-See: - Varaha-krantaj
Vishnu-kranta
Kranti-See: - Vishnukranti
Kratavedhana, 752
Krauncha, A/144
Krausel-beere, 1064
Kreide, Mj41
Krikbil Dingala, 392
Krishna, 477
Krishna-aguru, 1225
Krishnabhedi, 618; 619
Krishnachura, 230; 996
Krishna-dhatura, 440-See:Dhatura (varieties)
Krishnagaru, 120-See:Agaru
Krishnajira, 855-See: -Jira
(varieties)
Krishna-jiraka, 854-See:Jiraka
Krishna-kamal, 859-See:Kamal (varieties)
839
Krishml.-kamboji, 948-See:Kamboji
Krishna-keli, S03-See: -Keli
(varieties)
Krishna lavana, M/98-See:Lavana (varieties)
Krishnam, 969 .
Krishnamrittika; M/7-See:Mrittika (varieties)
Krishnamul, 865
Krishnanimba, 195-See:Nimba (varieties)
Krishna nirgunda, 572-See:Nirgunda
Krishna-phala, 266; 1019
Krishna Sariva, 674-See:Sariva
Krishna-sinsapa, 431-See:Sinsapa (varieties)
Krishna sirish, 60; 797-See:Sirish (varieties)
Krishna Surma, M/87-See:Surma (varieties)
Krishnatamara, 255-See:Tamara (varieties)
Krishna-tel, 1126-See:Tel (varieties)
Krishna-til, 1126-See: -Til
(varieties)
Krishna-tulasi, 865-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Krishnaunmatta, 434-See:Unmatta (varieties)
Krishna VI:inlaka, 584-8ee:Vrinlaka
Krishna-vrinta, 5S0-See: Vrinta
Krishnipami, 1256-See:Pami (varieties)
Krishnrai, 216-See: -Rai (varieties)
Krotonol, 396
Kruisbes, 1064
Kruisbezie, 1064
Krumbal, 548
Krupa, 534
Krusbaar, 1064
Kshaudra, (honey) A/192
840
Ksheera, A/l71
Ksheera-kanda, 686-See: T
Kanda (varieties)
Kshetra-parbata, 8_69-See: Parpata (varieties) .
Kshetra-parpati-See: -
Kuchoo gundubee, 234--See:_

Gundubee
.
Kuchri-See: -Kapur-kuchri
Kuda, (dhavo) 634-See:Kala-kuda; Pandra-kuda;
Chandakuda; Vankuda
P arpati .
Kudagu, 58
Kshir-See: -Arka-kshir;
Kudal churiki, 609-See:Bata-kshir; Mansha-kshir
Churiki
Kshira, 957; 993-See:Kudale-kaye, 1103
Swarnakshira
Kudaliya, 446
Kshira champa, 993--See:Kudallu, A/167
Champa (varieties)
Kudambe, 1168-See: --"ButaKshirakakkoli, 755-See:kudambe
Kakkoli; Kakoli; KsiraKuddia-khar, M/103-See: - .
kakoli; Koli (varieties)
Khar (varieties)
Kshiri, 802-See: -SwarnaKudi-Mahkuni, 576-See:kshiri; Tavakshiri; TugaMankuni
kshiri
Kudire-palpashanam, M/19Kshudragnimantha, 352
Palpashanam
Kshudravyagri, 1150
Kudiyotti, 133
Kshuraka, M/116
Kudo-See:-Atgo-kudo; KaloKsira-kakoli, 59B-See:-kudo; Tambdo-kudo
Kakoli (varieties)
Kudsumbar, 255
Kuamau,770
Kudur-mires, 1221
Kubas-susa, 582-See: -Sus a Kuebaval, 14-See: -Baval
Kubazi, 763
(varieties)
Kubbu, A/230
Kuerbeck, 618
Kuberaka, 294
Kufee-See: -Sada-kufee
Kuberakshi, 226;' 229
Kuhili,818
Kubjaka, 1073
Kuhl-anjan, M/l3-See:Kubo, 739
Anjan (varieties)
Kuch-See:-Zuz-ul-kuch
Kuja, 1073
Kucha-See: -Talakucha;
Kujai, 1073
Tela-kucha
Kuiubhanbin, 1281-See:Kuchaka-See: -Khitami-i. Bhanbin (varieties)
kuchaka
Kukadvel, 753 ,,...
Kuchala, 1175
Kukha-avalu, 351-See:Kuchan, 486
Avalu
Kuchandana, 39-See:-
Kukilipot,
840 = .
Chandana (varieties)
Kukka-bejarn, A/147 .
Kuchaphala, 1031
Kukka":bodda, 550-See:Kuchar, 486
Bodda (varieties)
Kuchila, 1175
Kukkagodugu, 51-See:Kuchilalata, 1173; 1182
Godugu
Kuchla, 1175
;,Kuchle-ka-malang, 1277-See: Kukkai-See:-Thelkodul-Malang
........_
kukkai
INDEX
Kukkapala, 150; 1252--See:Pala (varieties)

Kukka-tulasi, 861; 862; 863See:-Tulasi (varieties)
Kukkavaminta, 351-See:Vaminta (varieties)
Kukkura-dru, 201
Kukronda, 201; 310; 596
Kukseem, 1270
Kuksung, 202
Kuksungh, 201
Kuku, 313
Kukundara, 201
Kukurandru, 202
Kukurbanda, 202-See:Banda
Kukur-bicha, 593
Kukur-chita, 748-See:Chita (varieties)
Kukurchura, 924
Kukurlata, 753
Kukursoka, 201
Kukur-songa, 1270
Kukursunga, 202
Kul, 1316-See: -Seya-kul;
Shakakul; Shia-kul; Kulikul; Shekakul; Tikul
Kula, 1316-See: -Khalakula; Mur-kula; Edakula
Kulagh-See:-Nan-i-Kulag
Kulahala, 298
Kulaj-See: -Gari-kulaj
Kulaka, 1175
Kula kudi, 299
Kulanjan, 77-See:-Anjan
(varieties)
Kulanjan-e-Kabir, 77
Kulanji, 855
Kulannuphul, 739
Kulastha, 458
Kulatha, 458
Kulay-See: -Gari-kulay;
Mash-kulay
,
Kulbahebari,1138-See:Bari (varieties)
Kuldgajga, 1290-See: -Gajga
Kulechara animals, A/140
Kulf,305
54
841
Kuliakhara, 667-See: -Khara

( varieties)
Kuliamara, 667-See:Amara
Kulikul, 291-See:-Kul
(varieties)
K ulinjan, 77-..See: -Bara
kulinjan; KOl>ht-kulinjan
Kulinjana, 77
Kulitha, 458
Kulithu, 458
Kulit-manis, 328
Kulitpaun, A/154
Kuljud,162
Kulki, 619
Kullan, 1298
Kulla-ravi, 552-See: -Ravi
(varieties)
Kullu, 302; 458
Kulnar, M/46
Kulo-pan, 311~See:-Pan
(varieties)
Kulpa-See: -Chotokulpa
(varieties)
K ulpha-See: ~Chhota
kulpha
Kulthi, 458-See: -Janglikulthi
Kulti, 458
Kuluppalai-vir;:li, 634-See: Virai (varieties)
Kum, 559
Kumaon Oak, 1041-See:Oak (varieties)
Kumara-See: ~Bhui
kumara
Kumari, 73; 7~See:
Sahani Kum;:lri; Ghritakumari Ghritkumari
Kumarika, 1144; 1145
Kumatha, 585
Kumbai, 569
Kumbala-See: -Bilaykumbala; Boodi-kumbala:
Nela-kumbala; Nellikumbala
Kumbalakai, 407-See:--Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
842
\
i
THE INDIA1\! MATERIA MEDICA
Kumbalam, 185-See: -Bilay- Kudamu, 703

kumbala
\
. Kundari, 973; 1307
Kumbal-maram, 578
.
Kundbadastar, A/147
Kumbhi-S ee : --J al-kumbhi
Kundi, 700-Se e : _Kirkundi
K.umbhika, 976
Kundphul, 703
Kumbhir a , A/158
Kundre, 211
Kumbi, 273; 381-See:Kundrikam, 211-See:-VelliGajra-kumbi
kundricum
Kumbli, 828
Kundro, 1265
Kumbula, 584
Kundur, 211
ee
Kumhar, 584
Kundurukkam-S : Kumir, A/158
Vella-kundurukkam
Kumkuma, 389
Kune-la-mon, 21
Kumla, 387 .
Kunghu, 520
Kumohi, 949
Kungiliyam, 1132-See:Kumpaiman, 381-See: Mais\ltchi Kungiliyam;
Paiman
Vellai-kungiliyam
Kumpta, 587
Kungitikaya, 1103
Kumra, 185; 407-See:Kungku, 520
Bhui-kumra; Bhumi-kumra; Kungo-gida, 897
Chal-kumrha; Chalk or Desi- Kungyi, 1134
kumrha; Shada-kumra
Kungziyan, 213
Kumrak, 164
Kunjad, 1126
Kumrha-S ee : -Chalk
Kunjia, 1256
kumrha (varieties)
Kunjor, 425
Kumshima, 298
Kunki pootri, 972-See:Kumta, 15
pootri
Kumuda, 172; 858; 859
Kunkmiphal, 18
Kumyss, A/152
Kunkudu chettu, 1103
Kunar, 1316
Klmkuma, 761
Kunawar,486
Kunkuma-kesara, 390-See:
Kimch, 5
Kesara (varieties)
Kunchan-S ee : -PivalaKunkumappu, 390
kunchan
Kunkuma-puvva, 390
Kunchika,408-S ee : Kunkumma-purru, 390
Brihat-upa-kunchika;
Kunlu, 454
Upakunchika
Kunni, 5
Kund-See:-Sakhar-kund.
Kunrikam~See:-VellaiKunda, 94; 696; 703-See: kunrikam
Barakunda Mochukunda,
Kuntali, 1301
'Muchu-kunda; Poti-kunda;
Kuntham, M/55 -Chakunda
.
Kunthamani, 5
Kunda gadda, 1190-See: ~unvar, 73
Gadda (varieties)
Kunwara-See:-JangliKunda-guddae-See: kunwara
Manchikunda-gudaae
'
Kun-yoe, 961
Kundali, 165: 352 .u...".::'" .
Kuomad, 1170
Kundam, 703
Kupa-menya, 18
INDEX
Kupante, 951
Kupfer, M/47
Kupilu, 1175
Kupivittulu-See: -Shatakupivittulu
.
Kuppa-See: -Sadakuppa;
Chatukuppa
Kuppaikkirai, 91:-See:Kirai (varieties)
Kuppaimeni, 18
Kuppamani, 18
Kuppatulasi, 863-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Kuppi, 955-See: -Sangankuppi; Satakuppi
Kuppichettu, 17
Kuppigida, 18
Kup-pinta, 17-18
Kuppivaeni,18
Kuppu,17
Kur, 1108-See:-Chakur;
Tikkur.
Kura, 385; 634; 1290-See:Anbotikura;
Akurkura;
Kurakura;
Pandhra-kura;
Pankura; Pappu-kura; Velakura; Baghan-kura; Boddakura;
Byakura;
Chilakathotakura; - Cikura; Ellakura; Istarakura: Jirban
kura; Kakura; Pala-kura;
Ponagantikura; Raikura
Kurachi, 847
Kurad,923
Kurak, 570
Kur'aka, 265
Kurakhan, 477
Kuraku, 1079-See: -BrahmaKuraku
Kurakura, A/I54-See:Kura (varieties)
Kural, 183
Kurang,771
Kurantaka, 175
Kurasani-yamani, 670-See:
Yamani (varieties)
Kurasani-yomam, 670-See:Yomam
843.
Kura-sanna, 988-See: ~
Sanna
Kurat,' 699
Kurati, 699
Kuravaka, 730
Kuravamu, 730
'"
Kurchi, 634
Kurdia, 130
Kurdumana, 374
Kurela-jangro, 805
Kureli,112
Kureta, 1134
Kureya, 634
Kurfa, 1005
Kurfah, 1005
Kuri, 857; 899-See:-Kanchkuri; Tholkuri; Chagalkuri;
;Kirankuri; Thul-kurhi
Kuriel, 375
Kurinja, 150
Kuri-vilandi, 1145-See;Vilandi
Kurivippundu, 629-See:-Vippundu
Kurka, 1206
Kurkum, 415
Kurkundai, 1229
Kurkur-jihwa, 1167
Kurlaru, 408
Kurlinga, 1061
Kurnap-See: -Kattukurnap
Kurpodur, 868
Kurpurva'lli, 371
Kurra-See: -Dantikurra;
Esakadantikurra; Jilakurra;
Pedda-jilakurra
Kurru Chantz, 377
Kursali-See: -Sukhli-kursali
Kurti-kalai, 458-See: -Kalai
(varieties)
Kurtoli, 807
Kuru, 741; 953--See:Nanjinkuru
Kurubilve, 428
Kurudinna, 1283
Kurudvel, 629
Kuruindu, 972-See: -Indu'
844
THE INDIAN .MATERIA MEDICA
Kushniz, 381
Kurukapuli, 565-See:-Puli
1108
(varieties)
~ Kushta,
Kushtam, 1108
Kurukkum-chedi, 133
. Kushtavairi, 658
Kurukutti-mulla, 703
Kusht-el-bati, 694
Kuruma-See:-Nayikuruma'
Kushtha; 1108
Kuru-milagu, 969-See: - .
Kusibe, 278
Milagu
K usimba, 570
Kuru-mulaka, 969-See:Kusri-jhad, 14
Mulaka (varieties)
Kusrunam, 389
Kurundo, 328
Kusrunt, 556
Kurunja-See: -ShiruKust, 385; 1108
kurunja
Kurunji-See : - Vella-kurunji; Kustam, 1108
Kustumbari, 381
Venkurunji .
Kusubi, 278
Kurunthotti, 113S-See:Kusum, 278
'l'hotti
Kusuma, 794; 1114
. Kuruvaeru, 109
Kusumba, 278
Kuruvilai, 354
Kusumbar, 278
Kuruvingi, 472
Kusumbavirai, 278
Kuru-vrandawan, 335
Kusumbe, 278
Kurva-indrajao, 634-See:Kusumbha, 278
Indrajao (varieties)
Kusumbi, 278
Eusa, 994-See: -IbharanKut, 1108
kusa; Karan-kusa
Kutaja, 634
Eusa grass--See:-Sacred
Kutakam, 662
kusa grass
Kutapana, 38fl-See: -Pana
Kusal, 106-See:-Pandhari(varieties)
kusal
Kutha, 1254
Kusali, 106
Kuti_See:-Erra-kuti; KanKusama chettu-S ee : -Pichykuti; Kayakuti
kusamachettu
Kutila, 133
Kusar, 570; 700
Kutki, 573;" 618-See: -KalaKusara, 700
kutki; Kali-kutki KhorasaniKusari,700
kutki
Kusar-rangini, 700-Se e :Kutri, 21
Rangini
Kut-root, 1108
Kusbara, 381
Kutsai, 313-See:-Sai
Kuschu-gundubi, 652-See:- Kutta-S ee : _Kasku-kutta
Gundubi
Kuttelfishbeim;- A/210
Kusgo, 1168
Kuttoow'ombi, 338 Kusha, 504; 994
Kuttra, 741
Kushal-S ee : _Kala-ku;:;hal
Kqttukk91,282
Kusham-See : -KantaKutu, 534
kusham
Kutu-ayamodakam, 305Kushi-Se e : _Kapia-kushi
I
See: _Ayamodakam
Kushmanda, 185-SeetKuv, 418
Bhumikushmanda .u-r Kuva, 770
Kushmul, 189
/'
INDEX
K~valay, 185
Kuvara, 130
Kuvehittu, 770
Kuwar,999
Kuzhangu-See:-Seppan
Kuzhangu
Kyakatwa, 172-See: -Katwa
. (varieties)
Kyani, M/47
Ky-a-ve-Khet, A/156
Kyet-th-woni-ni, 63
Kyetyo, 1280
Kyi,l77
Kyoak-pan, 264-See: -Pan
(varieties)
Kyouh-kyen, M/2
Kyoung-sha, 876-See-Sha
Ky-won, 1197
845
Laghu lonika, 1007--See:Lonika ( varieties)

Laghupatha, 333--See: -Patha
Laghu Pattra, 994-See:Pattra (varieties)
Laghu-yahava, 933--See:Yahava
Lagondi, 1281
Lahan, 1221
Lahana-kalpa, 1233--See:Kalpa (varieties)
Laham Kumari, 75-See:Kumari (varieties)
Lahankhari narval, 352See: -Narval
Lahan kolkando, 1116--See:Kolkando; Kando (varieties)
Laharuiayeti, 529--See:Nayeti
Lahan-shivan, 585-See:Shivan
Laba, A/232
Laharzingi-na-Kalpa, 1233-Labha-See:-Dulal-Iabha;
See:-Kalpa (varieties)
Duralabha
Lahori, 927
Lablab, 608
Lahori-gajar, 684-See:Labshi, 294
Gajar (varieties)
Laburnum-See:-Indian
Lahuriya, 986
laburnum
Lai, 1194
Labuwapetta, A/232
Laingach, 800
Lac, A/148-Cee: -Stick-lac
Laitue cultivec, 719
Lacca, A/148; A/232
Lajak, 799
Lac dye, A/15 0
Lajalu, 199; 799; 847
Lactalbumin, A/l73-See:Lajjabati, 799
Albumin
Lajjalu, 799
Lactic acid milk, A/175; A/176 , Lajri, 199; 799
-See: -Milk (varieties)
Lajwanthi, 799
Lada, ~65
Lakdacha-kolsa, M/46Ladahitam, 969
See:-Kolsa (varieties)
Ladakirevanda-chini,1056Lakdu-koelo M/46-See:See:-Chini (varieties)
Koelo'
Lad~~, A/234
Lake fish, (large) A/214-
Ladles fingers, 1
See:-Fish (varieties)
Ladumira,268
Lakh 726' A/148' A/232
Laduri, .857
Lakh~ A>148 ' .
Laftaf, 272
.'
Laghukarni, 350-See:-Karni Lak~lya, M/103 .
.
Laghu kesura, 1117--See: Lakm-See:-Mmda-lakm
Kesura
Lakmani, 764
846
Lal Jhau 1193' 1194-See:Lakrika Kolsa, M/46-See : - , Jhau

Kolsa (varieties)
Lal-kamal, 859-See: -Kamal
Laksha, A/148; A/232
(varieties)
Lakshamana, 764
Lal-katyan, 208-See:-Katyan
Lakshmana, 1145
Lal-khaskhasnu jhad, 901Laktta, 505
See: _Khaskhasnu-jhad
Lakucha, 147
Lalor Gach-mirichi, 268Lalambadi, 632-See:\ See:-Mirichi (varietier;)
, Ambadi
Lalmirichi, 268-See:Lalbachlu, 178..-See: -Bachlu
Mirichi; Gach-mirichi '(varieLal-Bahamana, 1093-See:, ties)
Bahamana
Lal-murga, 297 _See:-Murga
Lal-bahuk, 943-See: -Bahuk
(varieties)
Lalbariala, 1137-See:Lal peyara, 1017-See:Bariala
Peyara
Lal bhopla, 407-See:Lal-poshta, 901-See: -poshta
Bhopla (varieties)
Lal-sabuni, 1228-See:Lal-bhranda, 706-See:Sabuni (varieties)
Lalsag, 88; 91-See: -Sag
Bhranda
Lalbunlanga, 713-See:(varieties)
Bunlanga
.
Lal Sambal, M/19-See:Lalchandana, 1026-See:Sambal (varieties)
'Chandan
La! Siris, 60; 798-See:Lalchita, 988; 989-See:Siris (varieties)
Chita (varieties)
Lal sufrium, 1017 -See:Lal-chitarah, 988
Sufrium
Lalvelchi, 822-See:-Velchi
Lal-chitarakak, 988
(varieties)
Lal-chitra, 988; 989-See:Lamajjaka, 107
Chitra (varieties)
Lamal,565
Lal Elehi, 822-See: -Elichi
Lamjak, 107
(varieties)
Lamka,726
Lalgavat, 111-See: -Gavat
Lana, 607
(varieties)
Lanan, 1091
Lalgiri-mati, M/42-See : Lanchari, 84
Mati (varieties)
Lal-gurania alu, 451-See:- Land snail, A/135-See :Snail
'"
Alu (varieties)
Lang, 726
Lal Haralal, M/19-See : Langali, 666
Haralal
'
Langlika, 579Lal-Indrayan, 1238-See:Langblattriger sterndorn, 667
Indrayan (varieties)
Lang-i-dalam, M/6
Lalio, 587
Langstielige Blattblume, 948
Lalisurangi, 797-See:Langula_See:-Ishalangula
Surangi
Languli, 579-See: -BishalanLalitapat, 377
gull
Laljari, 871-See: -J ari ." ..... ,_
Langulilata,
690
,.
(varieties)
I
'
'
INDEX
847
Lanisah, 1054'
Laung, 280; 835
Lanka-marich, 268; 270
Laurel-See: -Alexandrian
See: -Marich (varieties)
laurel; Victor's laurels
Lankasij, 529-See:-Sij
"Lava", A/142
(varieties)
Lavala, 427
Lavamarum-See:-MullulaLanolin, A/137
Lanu-See: -Chotce lanu
vamarum
Lapadi, 90
Lavana, M/109-See:Larborna, 1000
Chulika-lavana; Daru-"
Lard, A/136-See: -Hog's lard
lawana; Droni-lavana; Kritree; Lard tree
shna-lavana; S a ill u d r aLard tree-See:-Hog's lard
lavana;
Sendhur-lavana;
tree
Sendur-lavana; Sindur-lavLarkana, 977
ana; Vansa-Iavana
Las, 1005
Lavanam-See:-Cindha lavaLasan,65
nam; Vamna-lavanam; VanLasana-el-hamala, 986
salavanam
Laskar,442
Lavanchi, 109
Lasora-See: -Chota-Iasora;
Lavang, 280; 835
Bara-lasora
Lavanga, 280-See:-PanlLastuk, 486
vanga
Lasun, 65-Sef:!: -Ek-kandaLavangaha, 835
lasun
Lavangalata, 755
Lasuna, 65
Lavangam, 835
Lasunghas,774
Lavangaphal, 755
Latakaranja, 226-See: Lavangian-marich, 270-See:Karanja (varieties)
Marich (varieties)
Latakasturi, 1019-See: Lavangpatte-See: -AdaviKasturi (varieties)
lavangpatte
Latakasturikam 626-See: Lavani, 946; 947
Kasturi (varieties) See: Lavendra-na-phula, 730
Kasturikam
Lavender-See: -Arabian or
Lata Palasa, 224-See: _"
French lavender; JangliPalasa (varieties)
lavender; Thick-leaved lavLataphatki, 271-See: -Phatki
ender
Lataphatkiri, 271-See:Lavinju-Iarmisi, 1028
Phatkiri
Lavungi mirchi, 270-See:Latia ghaial, 55-See:-Ghaial
Mirchi (varieties)
(varieties)
Lawa, A/232
Latjira, 21-See:-Jira (varie- Lawala,430
ties)
Lead, M/83-See: -Flake
Latkan, 199-See: -Kan
white lead; White lead;
(varieties)
Flowers of lead; Red lead
Latri, 726
Lead carbonate-See: -Basic
Lau, 722
lead carbonate
Lauha, M/54-See: -BajirLead monoxide-See:-Monolauha
xide of lead
Lauki, 722
Lead oxide, M/86-See:---,.
848
Common cobra lily; CobraOxide of lead; Red oxide of,

lead
. lily
Lead sulphide, M/14-See:-, Lima pole bean, 938-See:Beans ( varieties)
Sulphide of lead
Lea~w:ort-See: -Rose-colour- Limba, 776; 781
ed Leadwort; White lead- Limbara, 626
Limbatoli, 787
wort
Leaf sundew-See: "'::"'Round- Flowers of lead; Read lead;
lea Sund~w; Sundew (va- Limbay, 342
Limbe-See: -Kadu-limbe
rieties)
Limbi-See: -Ram~limbi
Lebruj, 764
Limbo, 221
Leech-See:-Speckled leech
Limbu, 342-See: -KagdiLeek, 65
limbu; Mahalimbu; MakadLei, 1194
limbu; Mithalimbu; RamLelka, 548
limbu; Sitaranlimbu; ThoilaLemon, 346
limbu
Lemongrass-See: -True
Limqumyok, 1142
lemon-grass
Lendi, 1158
Lime-See: -Sour
lime of
India; Wild lime; Acid lime;
Lentils, 734
Sweet lime; True sweet limE
Leonuk, 1183
M/40-See: -Burnt.
Lesser Cardamom, 475-See:- :Yime,
lime; Caustic lime; QuickCardamom (varieties)
Lesser galangal, 77-See:lime; Slaked lime; Unslaked
lime; Sweet lime; True swee1
Galangal (varieties)
lime
Lesu, M/109
Lettuce, 719
Limeko, M/44
Levure, 303
Lime-shell-See:-Shell
Liasada, 752
(varieties)
Libi-bichi, 680-See: -Bichi
Limonite, M/95
Libi-dibi, 229-See: -Dibi
Limpaka, 346
Limri, 1221
Lichen-See:-Yellow-lichen
Lichi, 846
Lincultive, 743
Lichi Tree;. 846
Linga-See: -Marilinga
Lidar, 414
Lingapotla, 1234-See:-Potl.
Liengmau, 339
(varieties)
Likharu, 1016
Linseed, 743
Liquid StoraX:; 747-See:Lilac-See: -Indian lilac;
Storax
Persianlilac
Liquor-See: -Paddy liquor
Lilicha, 104
Liquo:dce, , 582-See: -=:.Jamaic.
Lilin, A/151
liquorice; Wild liquorice
Liljahri, 577
Liquor Pahcreatini, (See:Lilkathi, 998
Liquor Pancreatis), A/178Lily-See: -Snake lily; Superb
See: -Pancreatini
lily; East Indian-blue-tvater- ;Lisan-el-asafir-el-murr, 634
lily; Indian-blue-water-llly; Lisk, A/154
Wat~r-lily; Blue }Vater-lily; Litchibaum, 846
849
INDEX
Long Pepper, 965--See: -Pep-Litharge, M/86

per ( varieties)
liver
Liveroil--See: -Shark
Long-podded
radish, 1049oil
See: -Radish (varieties)
Lizard, A/217-See:-Sand
Long white gourd, 722-See:lizard
Gourd (varieties)
Lizard, a Kind of, A/165
Loni, 1005; 1006
Lobea rohu, A/215-See: Lonia, 1007
Rohu fish; Fish (varieties)
Lonika, 1005-See: -AmliLobeh, 459
lonika; Laghu-lonika
Lobeo rohita, A/215-See:Lonkhair, 16
Rohu fish; Fish (varieties)
Looloo, A/208
Lobhan, 211
Loonak, 1007
Lobia, 459
Lootputiah, 1142
Lodar, 1186
Loquat, 505
Lodh, 1186
Lodhano-kata, M/62-See:- Lot, 1107
Lota, 459
Kata
Lotaka-See: -Pivla-Iotaka
Lodhar, 1186
Lothi--See: - Velli-lothi
Lodhra, 1186
Lotloti, 1256
Lodh-tree, 1186
Lotur-bark, 1186
Lodhuga-chettu, 1186
Lotus-See: -Blue lotus;
Lodhun, M/54 .
Egyptian Castalia lotus; CasLodrom, 446
talia lotus; Egyptian lotus;
Loha, M/54
Sacred lotus
Lohaka-gu, M/62
Louza, 1011
Lohaka-zang, M/62
Lovage, 280; 1028
'Lohar' dates, 944--See:Lovas, M/11
. Dates (varieties)
Lovet Sabuni, 1228-See:Lohar-gu, M/62
Sabuni (varieties)
Lohari, 454
Lovia, 460
Lohchun, M/54
. Lowangapattai, 328
Loheka janga, M/62
Luban, 211; 212; 1182
Lokandi, 699; 1266
Lubhani, 747
Lokhand, M/54
Lubis firmun, 748
Lokhanda-gu, M/62
Lucerne, 774 .
Lokhandi', 787; 822
Ludut, 365
Lolagu, 1027
Lufa, 219
Lolangu, 1027
Lufahat, 764 .
Lolisara, 75-See:-Sara
Luffa-See: -Ribbed luffa;
Lona, 115; 449
Smooth Iuffa
Lonak,1006
Luffe-See: -Bittere luffea
Lonee, A/178
. Luffe amere, 752--See:Lonephe, 221
Amere, Iuffe
Long, 835
Luki, 1277
Longanbaum, 846
Lukkah, A/148
Longan-tree, 846
Long-leaved Pine; 957-See:- Lulai, 60; 797
Lun, 865
Pine (varieties)
850
Lunak, 1005; 1183

Lunia-See:-Chhota-lunia.;
Bara-lunia
Luni-buti, 1007
'Luni-Kharkun' dates, 944See:-Dates (varieties)
Lun-Nun, M/109-See: -Nun
(varieties)
Luntak, 507
Lunu, 63; M/l09
Lunuk, 1007
Lurala-tige, 1266-See: -Tige
(varieties)
Luri-chakka, 1266
Luskanu jhad, 594
Lut-putiah, 843
Lycopode, 758
Ma,939
Maana, 110
Mabil, 698
Mabli kalvana, 599
Macch-ranga, A/166-See:Ranga (varieties)
Mace, 830-See: -Bombay
Mace
Machakai, 1041-8ee:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Mach-bhander, AI234,-See:Bhander
Machchi, A/213
Machh-See: -Punti-machh;
Rui-machh
Machhikara, 508--See:-Kara
(varieties) ,
Machhika-Siras, A/135See: -Siras (varieties)
Machhi-ka-tel, AJ231--"-See:Tel (varieties)
'Machhli-ke-Barkicharbi, A/154
Machika, 628
Machikai,1041-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Machipattri, 141
Machittie, 299
Machni,750
,.
Machola, 145
Machutie, 999
Macis, 830
Mackhan, A/178
Macttoennui, 579
Mada, A/146; 165; 939-See:N allamada Haramada; PuIi
mada
Madahagala-kayi, 807-See:Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Madaki, 937
Madala Aralu, 56-See:-'
Aralu
Madalada-hannu, 348
Madalai, 1032
Madalai-virai-See: -Shimaimadalai-virai
Madalam, 1032
Madalanarakam, 348-See:N arakam (varieties)
Madalangkai, 1032-See:--Kc
or Kayi (varieties)
Madamattagam, 256
Madana, 1047
Madana-banta-kadu, 1162
Madanaghanti, 1162
Madana-ghettu" 1162
Madanakamapu, 422-See:Madan-kamapu
Madana masta, 94
Madandriksh, 1264
Madan-ghanta, 1162
Madani-See: -Faduj madan
Pouzera madani
Madan-kamapu, 1168-See:Madanakamapu
Madan-must-ka-phul-Set>: J anglimadanmust-ka-phlll;
Pahadi-madanmastaka-phul
Madar, 237; 242-=See:-Falitc
madar ."
Madarangaballi-See: -Patta
madarangabali
Madarangi, 731
Madat, 1211
Maddarasagida, 1189
Maddedhupa, 57-See:Dhupa (varieties)
INDEX
851
Madder_.:.see: -Dyer's
mad- Madhusnuhi, 1143-See:der; Indian madder; TwoSnuhi; Vanamadhusnahi
flowered Indian madder; Madhvalu, 449
lVIaddi,1211-See:Madhyanha malligay, 803Bhuyimaddi;
Perumaddi;
See: -Malligai (varieties)
Yermaddi; Innumaddi; Nal- Madmi, 8
lamaddi
Madni-See: -Zankurmadni
Maddi-chekhi, 810 .
Madoi-See: -Tella-madoi
Maddichettu, 809
Madoo-guss, 422
lVladdipalu, 57-See:-Palu
Madras worm-wood, 592lVladdo-See:-Talatmaddo;
See:-Wormwood i
Narlamaddo
Madu-See:-Yekka-madu;
lVladeephalamu, 348
Ambatimadu
lVladgura, A/214
Madukalpa, M/64-See:lVladh, A/191-See:-JashtiKalpa (varieties)
madh
Maduru-tulla, 865-See:Madha, A/191-See: -MrigaTulla
madha
Maedasingi, 61S-See: -Singi
lVladhabi, 634
(varieties)
Madhavilata, 634
Maena, A/151
Madhhuka, 179
Maesapat, 392
Madhookam Illupai, 179Mafarfin, 443
See: -Illup'ai
Madhookamu, 179
Mag, 939
Madhu, A/191-See also: Magadam, 801
Yashti-madhu; .JashtiMagar, 172
madhu; Yashto-madhu
Maghadhi, 965
TvIadhuduti, 1168
Magha-thi-Hindi, 74S-See: _
Madhujan, A/151-See:-Jan, Hindi (varieties)
(varieties)
Maghizham, 801
lVIadhuka, 181; 582
Madhukam-'-See: _ Yashtima- Maghzpipal, 965-See: -Pipal
dhukam
(varieties)
lVIadhu-karkatika, 346--See: _ Magi, 1191
Karkatika
Magic Nuts, 1041
Madhuli, 1250
Magiya-main, 1193; 1194Madhumadavi, 700
See: -Main
Madliumakshika (honey)
Magnesia-See: -Silicate of
A/192-'-see:-Makshika
alumina, magnesia & oxide of
( varieties)
iron
Madhu malati, 465-See: Magnesium-See: -Hydrated
Malati (varieties)
magnesium
Madhuranarakam, 339-See: Magnesium iron, M/7-See:Narakam (varieties)
Iron magnesium
Madhura-tvacha, 375
Magnesium silicate-See:Madhuria, 1017
Hydrated magnesium silicate
Madhurika, 557
Magnetic iron oxide, M/62Madhurimisi, 955
See: -Iron oxide
852
Magnetic oxide of iron, M/l06.

-See: -Iron oxide; Oxide
of iron; Silicate of .alumina
Magnetite, M/62
Magrabu, 619
Magrahai, M/95
Magulikarimi, 843
Magur, A/214; A/216
Mahabala, 1137-See: -Bala
(varieties)
Mahabaravach, 77
Mahabari-bach, 1315-See: Bach (varieties)
Maha-getiya, 655..:__See: Getiya
Mahajambiram, 246-See: Jambiram
Mahakal, 1238
Mahala, 56
Mahalimbu, 294-See: Limbu (varieties)
Mahalung, 348
Mahalunga,348
Mahamasha, 1272-See: Masha (varieties)
Mahameda, 738; 756-See:Mela.
Mahamirana, 3',;::
Mahamula, 219-See: -Mula
(varieties)
Mahan, 535-See:-Varimahan
Mahanim, 56-See: -Nim
(varieties)
Mahanimb, 56; 784-See:Nimb (varieties)
Mahanimba, 56; 57; 784See:-Nimba (varieties)
Mahanimbu, 345--See:Nimbu (varieties)'
Maha-ousha~~, 1308
Mahaputra-Jlvlyarala, 1036
Maharangi, 871
Maharukha, 56
Mahasaha, 580
Maha-shibee, 254
..
Mahataru, 522
.""", ':.
Mahateeta, 717-See: -:.-Teeta
Mahatikta, 101-See:-Tikta
(varieties)
Mahatita, 101; 1184-See:Tita (varieties)
Mahat-kesur, 1117-See:Kesur (varieties)
Mahaul-See: -Me-mahaul
Mahaushada, 1308
Mahavriksha, 207
Mahgodhuma, 1250-See:-Godhuma
Mahi, 360-See: -Rege mahi;
Regmahi; Sang-e-siramahi;
Sera-Sham-e-Mahi
Mahilyun, 400
Mahin, 1194-See: -Barimahin
Mahish, A/146
Mahisha, A/146
Mahmira, 376
Mahogany tree-See: -Indian
Mahogany tree
Mahoor, 27
Mahori-Mamoli, 1156-See:Mamoli
Mahseer, A/214
Mahua, 179
Ma-Huang, 486
Mahubi, 523
Mahuda, 179
Mahusudha, 65-See:Sudha
Mahwa, 181
Mahwah, tree, 179
Maidah,1117
Maida-lakin, 748-See:----.
Lakin'
,..
Maida-Iakri, 748
Maida-Iakti 748 ~
Maiden-hai;. fern, 43-See:Fern (varieties)
Maika 45
M '1 A/213
ill ,
Mailanchi, 730-31
M~ili-kannai, 99i--See:Kannai
Maimati, 1285
INDEX
Main-See: -Barimain, Chotimain, Majiya-main

Mai-nam, A/151
Mainmul, 372
Mainphal, 1047
Maiphal, 1041
Maiphala, 1041
Maisatchi Kungiliyam, 167See:-Kungiliyam
(varieties)
Maishakshi, 167
Maizali-gi, 283
Maize,1304
Majar-See: -Punuga-majar
lVIajjige-hullu, 104
Majram, 818
Majuphala, 1041
Majuphul, 1041
Maka, 469; 1304-See: -Bhramaka; Miraju-maka; Pivalamaka
Makadlimbu, i60~See:Limbu (varieties)
Makadphal, S09
Makai, 1304; 1317
Makaibonda, 1304-See:Bnn~
lVIakal, 1238
Makali-na-patran, S38
Makam-shim, 254-See: Shim (varieties)
Makanchi, 234
Makania Gowar, 420-See: Gowar (varieties)
Makaradhwaja-See: -Insoluble sulphide of mercury, etc.
(varieties)
Makhal, 335
Makhamali kida, A/206See:-Kida
Makham Sim, 461-See: _
Sim
Makh~nna, 530; 845
Makhmal, 1190
Makhna, 530
Makina chettu, 932.
Makka, 1304
853
Makka-cholam, 1304-See:Cholam
Makka-zonnalu, 1304-See:Zonnalu
Makkha, 130
Mako, 469; 1152
Makoi, 1152
.Makra, 476; 477
Makragav, 454-See:-Gav
Makra-rai, 216-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Makriya, 1114
Makshika, A/191; (honey)
A/192-See: -Madhumakshika; Svarnamakshika; Taramakshika
Makshikam, M/66
Makstan, 626
Makulaka, 70S
Makulu, 658
Makushtaka, 937
Malabar Cardamom, 475See:-Cardamom (varieties)
Malabar catmint, 114-See:Catmint
Malabar grass-See: -Co chin
gr~
Malabari halad, 130S-See:Halad (varieties)

Malabari-supari, 422-See:-~
Supari
Malabar Kino, 1025-See: Kino (varieties)
Malabar Night-shade, 177See: -Night-shade
(varieties)
Malabar nut, 40-See:-COl1.1mon Malabar nut
Malabar Nutmeg, 834-See:Nutmeg (varieties)
Malabar Sago-palm, 2S0See: -Sago-palm; Palm
. (varieties)
Mala-eri-kata, 296-See:Kata (varieties)
Malai, A/179
Malait-tamara, 1144; 1145See:-Tamara (varieties)
854
,I
I
Malaivembu, 784-See:Vembu (varieties)

,
Malakalbeng, 1017
Malakanguni, 296-See:':"_
Kanguni
Malakava, H1-See: -Kava
(varieties)
Malakullie, 716
Ma-la-mai, 272
Malang-See: -Kuchli-kamalang.
Malanga-See:-Tukhmmalanga; Tok-malanga
Malang-nar, 160-See: --Nar
Malankara, 473
Malathi-phalam, 830
Malati, 50; 700; 701; 834See:-Madhu-malati; Peetmalati
Male fern rhizome, 467See:-Fern (varieties)
Malenaeralu, 518-8ee:Naeralu (varieties)
Malenarakam, 160-8ee:Narakam (varieties)
Male Racine de FoughereSee:-Racine de Foughere,
Male
Malla, 1317-See: -Rasamalla
Mallaidangi, 1134
Mallani-padman, 530
Mallani-pidman, 845
Mallay-vembu, 785
Malle, 701; 704-See:-Jajimalle; Kondemalle; Pugadamalle
Mallery-See:-Andi-mallery
Malli, 1046-See:-Kottamalli;
Nagamalli; Nirumalli; Rangoon malli; Shirumalli; Chithamalli; Adavim~l1i; Pachche Adavimalli
701;
704-See:Malligai,
Kasturi-malliga; Andi-malligai; Kattumalligei; Madhyanha malligay; Pavala malligai; Vanamalli'gai
..
Mallige, 704-See: -Kadl

lige; Katu-mallige
lige; Katu-mallige; M
anha-malligay; Vana-n:
Malligida-See: -Neelam
gida; ShivamalIigida
Malligiri, 330
Mallika, 702; 704-See:mallica;
Chattu-m,
Girimallika;
Ikshur,
lika; Kattu-mallika;
mallika; Arbimallika; 1mallika
Mallikei-See:-Chatur
kei
Mallow-See: -Common
low; Country-mallow; 1\
mallow; Musk-mallow
Malmai, 272
Malmandi, 682
'Maltani' Hing, 537-~
Hing (varieties)
Malti-See: - Vananialti
Malva moschata, A/202
Malwa opium, 916-See
Opium. (varieties)
Mamaphal, 115
Mamekh,893
Mamidi,
764-See:-)
mamidi; Chara-mamidi
tatamamidi
Mamidiallam, 412-See:Allam
Mamira,376
Mamiran, 376; 577; 1213
Mamirana ,1213
Mamiri, 247
MamkkaIi'I-See: -Mayh
mamkkam
Mamokh, 893
Mamoli, 1156~See:-lVl
, mamoli
Mampalam, 764
Maniphal, 115
Manaka,72
Manakkarai, 1264-See:
Karai (varieties)
Manali, 677
INDEX
Manalie-Kirae, 578-See:Kirae
Man-alu, 449-See:-Alu
(varieties)
Manapala, 1220-See: -Pala
(varieties)
Manasa-See:-Phani-manasa
Manashila, M/19
Manasil, M/19
Manaswila, M/19
Manattakkali, 1152-See:Takkali (varieties)
Manbala, 568-See: -Bala
(varieties)
855..
Mandgay, 172
Mandi-See:-Sadamandi
MandibattaI, 1260-See:Battal
Mandiocca, 707
Manditta, 1075
Mandu-See: -Munta-mandu
Mandua,477
Manduka, 662
Manduka-parni, 662; 666See:-Parni (varieties)
Mandukbrammi, 299--See:-Brahmi (varieties)
Manduki, 624-See: -BrahmaManchedi~See:-Mari
manduki
manchedi
Mandula-maritige, 1285-Manchi-See: -Anchimanchi
See: -Maritige
I
Manchi-kunda-guddae, 94lVIanduparani, 3-See: -Parni
See: -Kunda-guddae
(varieties)
Manduparni, 1196-See:Manchi-manda, 303-See:Manda
Parni (varieties)
Manchingi, 457
Mandur, M/62
Manchinune, 1127
Manduram, M/62
Manchuta, 166-See: -Chuta
Manga, 1047-See: -Konda
Manda, 304; 452; 1047-See:manga; Tella-manga
Manchi-manda
Manga-kai, 1047-See:-Kai or
Mandadhup, 254 -See:-Dhup
Kayi (varieties)
(varieties)
Mangal, 172; 389
Mandala-See: - VishamanMangalya, 389; 444
Manganari, 741-See:-Nari
dala
(varieties)
Mandalia, 508
Mandar, 508-See: -PalitManganver, 433
Mangaravalli, 1284
mandar
Mandara,237; 242; 631-See:- Mangari-kai, l047-See: -Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Kempu-mandara
Mangarleta, 999
Mandarai-See: -AndiMangaroli, 1284
mandarai
Mandaram-See: -Chuvanna- Mangarwal, 486
Mandaram
0
Mangastin, 563
Mandaramu, 237-See:Mangga, 765
Adavi-mandaramu
Mango,
764-See: -KatiMandare-See: -Undimango;
Mowda; Red mango;,
mandare
Wild mango
Mandareh, 182
Mangobaum, 764
Mandastic, 1075
Mango ginger, 412-See:Manddrake, 764
Ginger (varieties)
Mandeki-patak, 338Mangostan, 563
See:-Patak
856
Mangosteen, 563-See: -Mate

Mangosteen; Wild lVIangosteen
Mangostin, 563
.
]flangrove, 165-See:-VVhite
mangrove
Manguier, 764
Mangusta, 563
Mangustan, 563
Manhala, 568
Manikham-See: -Mayirmanikham
Manikkam-See: --Mayirmanikkam
Manilakottai, 121
Manioc, 707
Manjadi,39
Manja-kadambe, 44-See:Kadambe
Manja-kani, 1041--See: -Kani
Manjal, 415--See: -Kastorimanjal; Kattumanjal: Maramanjal; Kasturimanjal
Manjal mulangi, 441-See:Mulangi
Manjapu, 857
Manjari-See: -Kharamanjari
Manjarie-See: -Arittamanjarie
Manjariki, 861
Manjeti, 39
Manjista, 1075
Manjit, 1075
Manjitti, 1075
Manjunda, 569
Mankachu, 72-See:-Kachu
(varieties)
Mankala-See: -Kappuman kala
,
Mankand, 519
Mankena-See: -Piliyamankena.
Mankanda, 72-See: -Kanda
(varieties)
Mankuni-See: -Kudimankuni
..
I
Manna, 1194
_
Mannadikay, 379 .. ,....
Mann-ul-qeetas, A/l54
Mannu-uppu, M/88-See:Uppu (varieties)
Mannupu-See: -Savitemannupu
Manoranjitham, 140
Manoranj ithamu , 140
Manphanasa, 146--See:Phanas (varieties)
Manpumaram, 857
Mans Masha, 580-See:Masha (varieties)
Mansasij,524-See:-Sij
(varieties)
Mansenikottae, 39-See:Kottae (varieties)
Mansha-Kshir, M/130-.'3e.
Kshir (varieties)
Manthak-kaoroonthu, 225
Manthori-kizhangu, 579See: -Kizhangu
Manthu-See: -Nallamantl
Manucha,485
Manu-See: -Thiksnamam
Peddamanu; SraigandlL
manu '(varieties)
Manu-pasupu, 384; 414-SeE
Pasupu
Manya, 519
Many spiked Flacorita, 5~
See: -Flacorita
Manyunth, 1077
Maochettu, 1198
Maoga-See: -Peddamaoga
Maogbira, 114
Maogostane, 563
Ma-oh, 486
Maoz, 822,..
Map?ial, 348
Maracata, A,f208
Marada arasina, - 384--Se.
Doddamara-darslna; Aras
Kadarasina
Marada-uppu, M/88-See:
Uppu
Marak,1280
Marab.1am,1047-See:Kalam
INDEX
Maraku-See: -Chitakamaraku
Maral, A/1S3
Maralingam, 387
Maramanjal, 187; 384--See:Manjal (varieties)
Marandi,19
Marapasapoli, 451
Marara,446
Maratimogga, 1164
Maratitige, 1164
Mara-uppu, M/~ee:Uppu (varieties)
Maravara Tsjembu, 721
Maravetti, 658
Maravuli, 769
Marble, M/41
March, 969
Marcha,268
Marchu, 268
Marchuba, 153
Marda-See: - Vella-marda
Mardami, 764
Mardu, 1211
Maredi, 504
Maredu,45
Margemosha, M/15
Marghipal, 1149-See:-Pal
(varieties)
Margiyeh, 153
Margosa Tree, 776
Margousier, 776
Marhe-matta, 1298
Mari, 543; 548-See:-Dadmari; Dadumari; Nelammari;
Peddimari; Pittamari; Rojmarl; Rusmari; Kagemari;
Kakrnari; Pitmari
Marich-See:-Gachmarich;
Lanka-marich:
Lavangian
marich; Nepali-marieh
Maricha-See: -Deshomaricha; Sweta-maricha'
Maricham 969
Marichettu, 543
Marichiphalam, 268-See:Phalam (varieties)
55
I
857
Marigold-See: -French
marigold
Mariguti, 609-See: -Guti
Marika-jhad, 280
Marilinga, 387-See: -Linga
Mari-manchedi, 1166-See: Manchedi
Marina shell, A/158-See:Shell (varieties)
Marno, 88
Marithondi, 730-See:-Thondi
Maritige-See: -Mandulamaritige
Marjau, A/156
Marjavel, 685
Marjoram-See: -Cornmon
marjoram; Wild marjoram.
Markava, 469-See: --Kava
(varieties)
Marking-nut Tree, 1119
Marlea, 770
Marlei, 1193
Marlu-mutta, 1298-See:Mutta
Marrnandai, 988
Marrnelo, 1038
Marodamphali, 615
Marophali, 615
Marori,615
Marrau, 875
Marri, 543
Marsa-See:-Chua-marsa _
Marsada, 247
Marsada boli, 247
Marsh mallow root, 84-See:Mallow (varieties)
Marsh Mint 788-See: -Mint
(varieties)
Marthakai-See: -Kachittamarthakai; Kai (varieties)
Martz, 969
Marubaka, 863
Marudamaram-See':-Vellaimaruda maram
Marudam-pattai, 828
Marugu-See: -Chetnimarugu
858
Maruk-kallan-kai,
1047See:-Kai (varieties) ,
Marukozhunthu, 532
Marul-kalang, 109S-See: ,"
~alang (varieties)
:
Marul-umathan, 1298-See: Umathan
Maru-tamtoli, 828--See:Tamtoli
Mciruthonri, 730-See:Thonri
Maruthu, 1198
Maruti-See: -Paeyemaruti
Marutiphal, 115
Maruva, 723
Maruvaka, 864
Maruvamu, 875-See: -Mridumaru-vama
Marvel, 103; 385-See:Ghanya marvel
Marvel grass, 103
Marvu, 875
Marwa, 875
Marwalyan hullu, 103
Marwan, 1278
Marwarid, A/208
Maryadvelo, 689
Marzan gush, 875
Masaing, 726
Masandari, 235
Masang,726
Masha, 940; 1219--See:Mahamasha;
Mansmasha;
Rajamasha; Swadamasha
Mashani, 1198
Mashaparni, 161-See: -Parni
(varieties )
Masha-parui, 1198-See:Parui (varieties)
Mashikaya, 1041
Mashinga-jhad, 811
Mashipatri, 592
Mashkalai, 940-See: -Kalai
(varieties)
Mash-kulay, 940-S~e:-Kulay
(varieties)
"
;
Masho, 1219
.J..." -
Mashparni, 580--See: -Parr

(varieties)
Mashparui, 1198-See: -Pa
(varieties)
Mashtui-ghoul, 8--See:Ghoul
Mashur, 433
Masina, 392; 743
Maslee, A/213
Maslum, 1000
Massicot, M/86
Mastaki, 975-See: -Rumimastaki
.
Mastaru, 141
Mastarusavi, 592
Mastiche-See: -East-Indim
or Bombay mastiche; Ind
mastiche
Mastiche Tree, 973
Mastungi-See: -Rumimastungi
Masur, 734
Masura, 734
Masuri-dal, 734
Masurika, 734
Mat, 172
Matalam, 1032
Matar, 977--See: -Janglimatar
Matayen, 607
Matazor, 951
Mate-Kissi, 189-See: -Kis;
Mate Mangosteen, 566-Sef
Mangosteen (varieties)
Math, 88; 91; 937--See
Tambada math; Taml
math
Mathara, 235
Mati-See:-Chikni-mati; I
giri-mati; = Miromati; IV
tani..mati; Soratimati; Ge
mati; Girimati; Kharmati
Matije, 735
Matisul, 734
Matki, 937
Matnak, 1211
Matsakanda, 1026-See:Kanda (varieties)
INDEX
Matsya, A/140; A/213-See:Ari-matsya

Mattaisal-See: -Pauri-mattaisal
Mattanga-pillu, 476-See: -Pillu
Matta-paltiga, 68B-See: Paltiga
Mattar, 726; 977-See:Desi mattar
Matthi, 1211
Matti, 503-See:-Billimatti;
Holematti; Karimatti; Kiramatti; Paikummatti; Pekkommatti; Urumatti; Tormatti
Mattimara, 1211
Mattipal, 57-See:-Pal (varieties)
Mattisa, 268
Mattisa-wangru, 268-See: Wangru .
Mattur Bachhale, 1164-See:Bachhale (varieties)
Matulang, 348
Mature tea tree, 284-See: _:_
Tea-plant; Jawa-tea; Maxican-tea
Maua, 179
Maualu, 449
Maulsari, 801
Maur, A/213
Maura, 1278
Maurabikh, 23-See: -Bikh
Mauri,557
Mauritius Plum, 555-See:Plum (varieties)
Mavalinga, 348
Mavi-See: - Vishamavi
Mavina-hannu, 764
Mavi-witthil, 750
Mavu, 764; 765-See: -Kajlamavu; Kappa-mavu; Artimavu
Mawa, 1278
Mawal, 297
Maya-ki-baji, 177-See:-Bhaji
(varieties)
lVIayalubhaji,I77--See:Bhaji (varieties)
lVIayankai, 1318-See: -Kai
(varieties)
lVIayikonnai, 230-See:Konnai (varieties)
lVIayil-tuttam, lVI/52-See:Tuttam (varieties)
Mayil-tuttu, M/52-See:Tuttu
Mayura tuttham, M/52-See:Tuttam (varieties)
Mayir-mamkkam, 1138-See:Mamkkam
Mayir-manikham, 1135See:-Manikham
Mayir-manikkam, 1138-See:Manikkam
May-kay, 821
Mayura-See: -Nilamayura
Mayurashikha, 44
Mayura tutham, M/52-See:Tuttham (varieties)
Mayur-sikha, 38; 297
Mazerion, 354
Mazerium-e-hindi, 354-See:Hindi (varieties)
Mazri, 839
Mazu, 1041
Meadow Saffron, 622-See-: ~
Saffron (varieties)
"Mealies", 1305
Meat, bird's--See: -Bird's
meat
Meatjuice, A/142
Meat of deer, A/141
Meat soup, A/141; A/142
Meat, white-See: -White
meat
Mecca Balm-See: -Balm of
Mecca
Mechitta, 299
Meda, 595; 748; 756-See: - '
Mahameda
Medasak, 748-See:-Sak
(varieties) .
Medday Keerai, 159-See:,.Keerai (varieties)
"86"0
Melon Pumpkin, 408-See:_

Medhika, 1240 .
Pumpkin (varieties)
548-See: -MulagoliMedi,
medi
I
Melpodi-See: -Chivanmelpodi
Medicinal charcoal, M:/46Memadi, 568
See: -Charcoal (varieties)
Memadi-Tamalamu, 568Mediciner d'Espagne, 708
See: -Tamalamu
Medicinier, 705
Me-mahaul, 520-See:Medizinische Hefe, 303
Mahaul
Mee, 181
Mena,560
Meenaennay, A/231-See:Menasinakai, 268-See:Ennei; Ennay (varieties)
Donne-menashinakai; Kai
Meena-harma, 172-See:(varieties)
Harma
Menasu-See:-Bal-menasu;
Meenanu, 360
Gandha-menasu; VollayMeenu, A/213
menasu; Kempu-menasu
Meetakamarunga, 164
(varieties)
Meetha-tellia, 23-See:Tellia
Menasu, Kempu, 268-See:Meghvarna, 516
Menasu
Mehedi,730
Menda, 748
Mehndi,
73O-Se!: -Faugli- Mendaphal, 1047
mehndi;
Velayti-mehendi; Mendhi. 730
Vilayati-mehndi
Mendi, 730-See:-Gul-meadi;
Meho, 338
Jungli-mendi
lVIehudi,91
Mendika, 730
Meihsila, 747-See: -Sila
Mendru-See:-Ban-mendru
Meinkara, 1221-See:-Kara Mengkop, 563
( varieties)
Mengut,563
Meiyon, A/167
Menphal, 1047
Mekamuaduga, 690
Mente-Sauvage, 790-See:Mekanada, 91
Sauvage
Mekhaka, 835
Mentlie, 1240
Mekkejola, 1304-See: - Jola
Mentulu, 1240
Mekke-kayi, 335-See:Meradu,998
Hara-mekki-kayi; Kai
Meral,481
(varieties)
Mera-singi, 596-See:-Singi
Mekki-See: -Hal-mekki;
(variet,ies)
Hara-mekki-kaya
Merchubeh, 153
Melanelli, 947-See: -Nelli
(varieties) ,
Merchya,=107
Melanthion, 855
Mercure, M167Mellugu, A/151
'Mercurials
(Parpatis), A/182
Melon, 402-See: '-:'Muskmelon; Sweet-melon; W ater~ Mer~uric or Mercury Sulphide
melon
'
-$ee:-Sulphide of Mercury, etc
Melond-eau paste.que, 338
Melonegurke, 402
;
.Mercury, M/55; M/67-See:Melonenbaum, -21:f
Minium-like Mercury
_.
INDEX
Meri-arishippal, 747-See:Arishippal
Meritondi, 730-See:-Tondi
Merkur, M/67
Merom met, 868
Meru, A/153
Mesh, A/212
Mesha, A/212
Meshasringi, 596-See:Sringi
Mesta, 632
Mestapat, 628
Mesua Naghas, 792-See:Naghas
Methhi, 731 - See:-Padchemethi;
Ranmethi;
Vanamethi; Ranmethy
Methi, 557; 1240-See:-Banmethi; Jungli-methi
Methioa, 557-See:-Banamethica; Vanamethika
Mettata-mara, 255; 283
Metthi, 1240
Mewri,1278
Mexican poppy, 133-See:Poppy (varieties)
Mexican tea, 305--See:-Tea
(varieties)
Mexican wonderflower, A/203
-See:-Wonderflower
Mhach, A/191
Mhar, 476
Mhaskel. 822
Mhasvel, 1282
Mhatara, 1159
Mhendi-See:-MEihndi
Mhoti tilavana, 599-See:Tilavana (varieties)
.Mhou, A/191
Miahsayelaha, 747
Mibe, 121
Mica, M/93; M/123-See:- ,
White mica; Sweta mica
Miettie, A/151
Mihijam, 1309
Mijrikamvil, 875
Mikkotiu, 104
861
Milagai, 268; 270

Milagaranai, 1221
Milagu, 969-See:-Kurumilagu
Milagu-takkali, ll52-See:-.
Takkali (varieties)
Milakil, 573
Mil-he-tabazard, M/108
Milhuls-aajin., M/l09
Milhunnar, M/ll
Milk, A/l71-See:-Ass'milk;
Curdled milk; Evaporated
milk; Lactic acid milk; Pasteurised milk; Powdered- .
milk; Protein milk; Skimmed
milk; Skim-milk; Condensed
milk; Human milk; Goat's
milk; Peptonised milk
,
Milk-hedge, 529-See:-Common milk-hedge; Hedge
Milkisse, 191 .
Milk sugar, A/176; A/217See:-Sugar of Milk
Milk tree-See:-Tiger's milktree
Millet-See:-American Barnyard millet; Barn-yard millet; Broom-com millet; Corn
millet; Bullrush miliet; Cattail millet; Foxtail mil'1et;
Hungarian millet; Indian
millet; Italian millet; Pearl
millet; Small-millet; Spiked
millet; Common millet
Millet rond, 898
Millikkai, ll56-See:-Kai
(varieties)
Millipu, 704
Milpori-See:-Covannamilpori
Mimarira, 1055
Mimbataru, 508
Mimbu, 563
Mimbuka-See:-Vanamimbuka
Mimulus moschatus, A/203
81:i2
<
Mimusope Elengi, 800-See:Elengi

Min, A/151-See:-Anemin; ,
THnlin
Mina, A/151-See:-Thazavn~
mina
Minamaram, 809
'Minas ipecacuanha', 1023See:-Ipecacuanha (varieties)
Mindhala, 1047
Mindiri appazham, 96-See:Appazham
Mindiri paruppu, 96-See:Paruppu; Uppu (varieties)
Mindukolla, l047-See:-Kolla
Mineral pitch, M/23-See:Pitch (varieties)
Mineral Stone, M/97
Mingut, 524
Minguta, 524-See:-Dihuminguta
Miniak-bijan, 1127-See:Bijan
Miniak Chandana, 109S-See:
-Chandana (varieties)
Miniakjarah, 1065-See:Jarah
Minium, M/86
Minium-like mercury, M/75See:-Mercury
Minjurgorwa, 1280-See:Gorwa
Minkhuabin, 662
Mint, 78S-See:-Marsh Mint;
Spearmint; Wild mint
Minumber, A/138
Minumu, 940
Minvajaram, A/135~See:Vajaram (varieties)
Mipanny, A/191
Mirabilis longiflora, Aj203
Miraju-maka, 734-See:Maka (varieties)
Mirandu, 473
Mirapa, 270
Mirapakaya, 268 ~
Mirapa-singa, 268--See:
Singa (varieties)
Mirch, 268--See:-BanGarho-mirch; Gulmi
Kankol mirch; Kali
J ungli kali mirch
Mircha, 268
Mirchai, 688; 689
Mircru, 268-See:-B h
mirchi; Kafri-mirchi;
gi-mirchi; Kali mirchi
Mirch-wangum, 268-SE
Wangum
Miri, 969-Himsimiri;
miri; Pokala-miri; Ta
Taramiri
Mirich or Miricru- See:
mirich; Mirch; Gaclu
Golmirich; Kalimiricb
mirich; Lalmirichi;
Kalimirichi
Miris, 26S-See:-KaluMiriyalu, 969-See:-C
miriyalu; Tokamiriyal
Miromati, 999-See:-M
(varieties)
Mirri,957
Mirsang, 268
Mirsinga, 268-See:-Si
(varieties)
_,
Miryala-tige, 969-See:.
(varieties)
Misa, M/47
Mishamitita, 376-See:(varieties)
Mishk, A/196-See:-1
ferungmishk; Faran;
Ferungmishk
Mishka--See~J{abbum
Mishkdima, 62s..:-see:(varieties)
Mishk-i'-Taramashia, 131
See:-Taramashia
Mishk-i-taramshi, 740-~
Taramsru
Mishmis, 1014
Mishram, 927
"
INDEX
Mishtabakatu, 622
lVIisraka, M/ll6
l\1isroya, 935
Mistletoe, 1276
Misur-pappu, 734-See:Pappu (varieties)
Misur-purpur. 734-See:Purpur
Mith-See:-Kalamith
Mitha-See:-Khatta-mitha;
Shora-mitha
Mitha akalakara, 1037-See:. Akalakara
.
Mitha-akarkara, 1037-See:Akarakara
Mitha-alu, 684-See:-Alu
(variet.ies)
Mitha-amritphal, 346-See:Amritaphala
Mitha Indrajava, 1296-See:Indrajav' (varieties)
Mithakaddu, 407=-See:Kaddu (varieties)
Mithalimbu, 346-See:-Limbu
(varieties)
Mitha-nebu, 346-See:-Nebu
(varieties)
Mitha-nimbu.346-See:Nimbu (varieties)
Mitha-Tabu, 1318-See:-Tabu
Mitha-tel,1126-See:-Tel
( varieties)
Mithavish, 23-See:-Vish
Mithazahar, 23; 28-See:Zahar
Mithidiar, 1091
. Mithi-jira, 955-See:-Jira
(varieties)
Mithilakdi, 582
Mitho-tel. 1126-See:-Tel
(varieties)
Mithun, M/I09
Mitti-See:_:Chiknimitti;
Gherum.itti; Ghermum.itti;
Sufaid mitti; Suganda mitti;
Kharyamitti
863
Mlecha-gandha, 65-See:Gandha (varieties)

Mlechca-phala, 365
Mlechha-muka, M/47
Mo,75
Mochai,4&1
Mochaka, 822
Mochika-See:-Hilamochika
Mochkand,469
Modagorii, 592
Moddacoatan, 271
Modera-kanni, 655-See:Kanni (varieties)
Modhan, 923
Modi, 965
Modipatu, 545
Modira-caniram, 1173-See:Caniram
Modirakanni, 1173-See:Kanni (varieties)
Moduga, 222
Modugo, 508
Mogalinga-maram, 1114
Mogari, 1049
Mogbeeraku, 114
Moghli-erendi, 705-See:Erendi
Mogidam, 801
Mogili, 894
Mogla, 167
Mogli-erand, 396-See:Erand
Mogra, 703-See:-Birinjmogra
Mogre-See:-Jayiche-mogre;
Kasturi-mogre
Mogri-See:-Ranmogri; Vismogri; Batmogri
Mogrikah-See:-Mooloomogrikah
Moha-See:-JangIi-moha;
Karmoha
Moha pana, 156-See:-Pana
(varieties)
Mohar, 938
Mohari, 215
Mohecha, 179
864
Mooah, 810
Mohori,216
! Moochukunda, 1027-See:Mohori-pandri, 213
Kunda (varieties)
Mohra, 23-See:-ZeharMoochy Wood Tree, 508-See:
mohra; Zera-mohra
-Wood tree (varieties)
Mohri, 22; 28
Mooda-cottan, 271
Mohti-tilavana-See:-Tilavana; Tilvan etc. (varieties) Mooduga, 222
Moog, 939-See:-Bhui-mug;
Mohua, 181
Kala-moog; Ran-mug; Mug
Mohuva, 181
(varieties)
Mohuz, 730
Moogama, 1186
Mokhan, 1113
Moohoodoo, 446
Mokhil, 167
Mool-See:-Gogiemool; GogMokka-jonna, 1304-See:limool Piplimool; Satodimobl;
Jonna
Sfetshimool
.
Mokta, A/208
Moola, 1049-See:-ChandraMolagay, 268,
mooIa; Gajapippalee-moola;
Molak-kayi, 1149-See:-Kai
Pahadamoola;
DolimooIa;
or Kayi (varieties)
Pushkaramoola
Mollusk-a fresh water, A/166M~laka, 1049-See:See:-Water-mollusk
Tellamoolaka
'Moltani' Ring, 537-See:Moolinee, 150
Ring (varieties) .
Mooloomogrikah, 508-See:Molucca bean, 226-See:Mogrikah
Beans (varieties)
Moolughoodu, 810-See:Mom, A/151
Ghoodu
Momadruchopandiga, 20
Moon-creeper-See:-Chinese
Momchina, 1104
moon-creeper
Momiai, M/23
Moong,939
Momordique charantia, 805
Moongil, 172-See:-VishaMondaing; 750
moongil
Mondukalli, 529-See:-Kalli
Moongilarisi, 172-See:-Arisi
(varieties )
(v:arieties)
Mong, 822
Moongiluppu, 172-See:Mongoose Plant, 872
U ppu (varieties)
~onitor, A/233
Moonguli-See:-VishamoonMonkey, A/191
guli
,..
Monkey-bread tree of Africa,
Moonseed-See:-Heart38
leaved moonseed ~
Monkey face tree, 760
Moonthamamidivittu, .~6
Monkey nut, 121
Moordoo, 446
Monkshood, 23; 28
Moosali--,.See:-Semal
moosali;
Monoxide of Lead, M/86-See:
Mosali
-Lead monoxide
Mooshakarni,690-See:Monsha-See:--=-TeshiraKarni (varieties)
monsha
Monstrous pepper, 270-See_:"::'" Moothoo, 428
Pepper (varieties)
_" .
Mooyarpul, 425
.'
INDEX
Moql,167
Mora-See:-Karmora
Mora-ageru, 281-See:-Ageru
Morang-ilachi. 92-See:Ilachi
Moranna,19
Morasa, 1183
Moravela, 350
Moringa a grainestripteres, 811
. Mormassi, 281
Mormuj, 441
Morourak, 652
Morpankhi, 38
Morta, 1125
Mor-tutta, M/52-See:-Tu tta
Morugphul-See:-Safed
morugphul
Morunda, 3
Moros, A/145
Morwa, .1098
Mosaic gold, M/l15-See:Gold
Mosali, 411-See:-Semal
moosali; Moosali
Moscharia pinnatijida, A/::D3
Moschata-See:-Rosa moschata
Moschatus-See:-Ovibos
mnschatus
Moschosma species, A/203
Moschoxylon swartzii, A/203
Moshi, 130; 698
Mosrupatri, 141
Mosquito Plant of South
Africa, 865
Mosro, A/179
/
Moss-See:-Ceylon moss; Edible moss; Irish moss; Rockmoss; Irlandis-chesmoss
Mosse d' Irelande, 31Q
Mota-bandara, 723-See:Bandara
'
Mota-behedi-Janelet,1256
Mota-bon, 723
Mota Karmal, 448-See:Karmal (varieties)
865.
Mote-veldode, 93-See:Veldode
Motha 446-See:-Barikmotha; Nagara-motha; Nagarmotha
Mothalkanta, 686-See:Kanta (varieties)
Mothan gokhru, 926-See:Gokhro (varieties)
Motha siris, 60-See:-Siris
(varieties)
Mothee-See:-Nagannothee
Mothe-gokhru, 926-See:Gokhru (varieties)
Motheli, 822
Mothenga, 719
Mother-of-Pearl, AJ211-See::
-Pearl
Mothi,965
Mothi bathi, 127
Mothikunile, 817
Motho-araduso, 56
Moti, A/208
Motichunch. 377-See:Chunch
Motighol, 1006-See:-Ghol
Motilane, 1091
Motirakanni, 655-See:Kanni (varieties)
Moti ringani, 1149-See:Ringani (varieties)
Motisimp, A/211-See:-Simp.
Motisodori, 1270
Motitrina, 1253
Motiya, 702
Moto.926
Motobor, 468-See:-Bor
( varieties)
Moto-elachi, 93-See:-Elachl
(varieties)
Moto-eldori, 93-See:-Eldori
Moto pipar, 117-See:-Pipar
Moto sarsio, 797-See:-Sarsio
Motosatado, 203. . . . . See:-Satado
Mottenga-See:-Peemottenga
Mottey, A/162
866
Motuku-See:-Tellamotuku, I
Motunimbu, 346-See:-Nimnu
(varieties)
Motvah,810
Mountain Ebony, 937-See:Ebony
Mountain hemp, 669-See:Hemp (varieties)
Mourola, A/216
Mouse, A/206
Moussede Codine, 571
Mousse parlee, 310
Moutarde clanche, 213
Moutarde noire, 216; 1140
Mouz.822
Mowda, 179-See:-Mango;
Red mango
Mowda or Kati-mango,221See:-Mango; ned mango
Mowtha- See:-Nagarmowtha
Moyna, 1264
Moyui, 548
Mtidirka, 1285
Mridu, M/55
Ml'idu-maru-vama, 875-See:Maruvamu
Mrigamadha, A/196-See:Madha
Mriganabhi, A/196-See:Nabhi (varieties)
Mriga-Shiga, 615-See:-Shiga
Mrigashringa, 615-See:Shringa
Mrigasring, A/152-See:Sring
Mrittika or Mruttika-See:Krishnamrittika; Saurastra
Muchl-tanki, 454-See:Tanki
Muchkand,1027-See:-Kand
( varieties)
Much-kund, 1027
Muchugoni, 1228
Muchu-kunda, 1026; .1027S~e:-Kunda (varieties)
Mudadashringi, M/86-See:Shringi (varieties)
Mudakithan, 27l
Mudang, 422
Mudar, 237
Mudarsingu, M/86-See:Singu
Mudarsinka, M/8S
Muddi-See:-Yellamuddi
Mudga, 939-8ee:-Banmudga
Vanamudga; Aranyamudga
Mudgaparni, 942-See:-Parni
(varieties)
Mudgavalli, 940
Mudgu-See:-Aranyamudgu
Mudiri-kai, 96-See:-Kai OlKayi (varieties)
Mudivala, 109-See:-Vala
'( varieties)
Mudiyakunthal, 691
Mudraka, 1285
Mudrika-See:-3anglimudrika
Mudumula, 522-See:-Mula
(varieties)
Mug-See:-Ranmug; Bhuimug; Kala-moog; Moog
(varieties}
Mugali-See:-Vanamugali
mruttiks,
,
Mugani, 942
Mugavaine, 940 ~
Mua, A/230
Mugavel, 940
Mtithikafor-See:-Krishnamrittika; Saurastra mru'ttika Mughatei-See:-Nagamughatei
Mubarak, 44
Mugta, 704-See:-ChaulMubaraka, 43
mugra; Small chaulmugra
Mucha-See:-Kala-muc1;la.
Mugrela, 855
Mugwort, 141
Muchchala-See:-Nala- :_
muchchala
_4-r'
Muhri, 938
!I
INDEX
Muhuri, 955-See:-Panmuhuri
Muka-jali, 465-See:-Jali
( varieties)
Mukhitaha, 379
Mukka-jauri, 1304-See:Jauri
Mukkalpiram, 820
Mukkaratai, 203
Mukki, 565
Mukkopeera, 924
Muk-ta, A/208-See:-RuktaMukta
Mukta-Jhinuk, A/211-See:Jhinuk
Muktajhuri, 17-See:-Jhuri
Mukta-sukti, A/211-See:Sukti
Muktikam, A/208
Mukukrattai, 203
Mukul, 167
Mukura, 801
Mukuthipundu, 1270-See:Pundu (varieties)
Mukuya, 942
Mula, 1049 - Se~:-Chandu
mula; Chitramula '( varieties); Airanmula; Arkamula;
Gandhamula; Gokurnamula;
Ichchuramula;
Mahamula;
Mudumula; Ruhimula; Vakerimula; Vijramula; Vishamula; Pushkaramula
Mulabeeja, 1049
Mulaga, 811
Mulagolimedi, 735-See:lVIedi
Mula-gu, 965
Mulaippalavirai, 282-See:Virai (varieties)
Mulaka-See:-Kurumulaka;
Nelamulaka;' Pinnamulaka
Mulal,226
MuIangi-See:-Manjal
mulangi
Mulasari, 725
lVIulathee, 582
Mulati,5
867
Mulatrina, 107
Mulberry, 917- See:-Indian
Mulberry; White mulberry
Mulcacha Sonamakki, 287See:-Sonamakki
Mulei, 535
Muli, 1049 - See:-Hatmuli;
Belikamuli; Chamamuli; Dasamuli; Divalimuli; Faridmuli; J angalimuli; Kodimuli;
Nirmuli; N egamuli; Satamuli; Satmuli; Shatamuli;
Talamuli
Mulika -S e e :-Talamulika;
Chandramulika
Mul ilavan, 208-See:-llavan
Mulim, 579
Mulin, 876
Mulla-See:-Trikala-mulla
Mullamusti, 1153<-See:-Musti
(varieties)
Mullangi, l049-See :-Kattumullangi
Mullanvellari, 403-See:Vellari (varieties)
Mullayvempu, 784-See:Vempu
Mullein-See:-Great Mullein
"Mulli" , 1150 - See:-Kari- mu11i; Nalla-mulli; Neermu11i; Paparamulli; Papparamulli; Shemmulli
Mullu-See--Paparamullu
Mullu-galli, 873-See:-Gal1i
(varieties)
Mullugojal, 219-See:-Gojal
Mullugoranta, 175-See:Goranta
Mullugundu, 701-See-Gundu
(varieties)
Mulluhonne, 219-See:Honne (varieties)
Mullulavamarum, 208-See:Lavamarum
Mullusavte, 403-See:-Savte
Mulluvellari, 4G3-See:Vellari (varieties)
868
Mullu-vengai, 21~See:Vengai
I
Mulo, 1049
Mulsari, 8{)0
Multani mati, M/7; MilO;
M/94; M/95-See:-Mati
( varieties)
,
Mulukutakali, 1151-See:Takali
Mumudatu, 265
Munaga, 811
Munagacha-jhad, 811
Munai-See:-Kasturi-munai
Munchi-See:-Kakmunchi
Mundam, Ml55
Mundi, 1163 - See:-C 0 t i mundi; Gorakmundi; Gulmundi
Mundige. 894
Mundiri Kottae, 96-See:Kottae ( varieties)
Munditika, 1162
Mundlaboorugachettu, 207See:-Boorugachettu
Mundwal, 442
Munemal, 801
Mung, 939-See:-J a n g 1 imung;
Satmung;
Velatimung
Munga, A/156-See:-Korangumunga
Mungas, 1153
Munge-ka-jhad, 811
Mungphali, 121
Mungusvel, 872
Munigangaravi, 630 - See:Ravi (varieties); Gangaravi
(varieties)
Munigha,811
Munna-takali-pullum, 1152,See:-Takalipullum
Munnay, 1010
Munni-vayz, 1010-See:-Vayz
Munniyenzi,1140-See:Yenzi
Munno-Spe:-Choontoo..
munnoo
.. W_...
Munta-mandu, 446-See:~
Mandu
unuguda-maramu, 799
Munwairinguf 1304
Mupen, 486
Muphal, 1041
Mupparisavalli, 924
l\IIur, A/213
Mura, 509
Murad,838
Muradasinge, 615-See:Singe
MUJ'ahri, 1098
Murba, 1098
Murdarsing, M/84-See:Sing (varieties)
Murdosing, M/86-See:Sing (varieties)
Murga - See:-Lal-m u r g a;
Safed murga; Svetmurga
Swet murgha
Murgal-mara, 566
Murgha-See:-Sufed murgha;'
Swet murgha
Murginahuli-mara, 566
Muri, 1049-See:-Ishvaramuri
Murial-tiga, 972-See:-Tiga
( varieties)
Muriate of Soda, M/109-See:
-Soda (varieties)
Muriate of Sodium, M/1()~
See:-Sodium muriate
Muricha-See:-Sugandahmuricha
Murina,811
Muripindi, 18-See:-Pindi
( vari eties )
Murkampoo, 222
Murkula, 771-See:!:"Kula
( varieties)
Murmuria, 1162
Muro, 1049
Murooa,477
Murr, 170
Murra, 422
Murru, 875
Murududu-See:-Bandimurududu
Murukka-maram, 222
INDEX
Murukkan-See:-Kodimurukkan
IVlurukkanmaram, 222
Murukku, ,509
Murunga, 811-See:-Katarumurunga
Murungai,811-See:-Gai
(varieties)
Murungamul, 811
lVIurungi, 811
Murunna, 811
Muruta gass, 723
Murute, 723
Muruva, 1098
Murva,1098
Murvel, 1098
Murwo,875
Musabar, 75-See:-..,.Bar
(varieties)
Musabbar, 73-See:-Bar
. (varieties)
Musadi-See :-Nagamusadi
Musal,1283
Musale-See:-Black musale
Musali, A/1S5; 411
Musalikand, 411-See:-Kand
(varieties)
Musalkadhuk-kirai, 685-SEe:
-Kirai (varieties)
Musambar, 75
Musambar-See:-Bar
( varieties)
Musam'baram, 75
Musanbar, 73-See:-Bar
(varieties)
Muscadier,830
Muschelblume-schwimmende,
976
Muscovy glass, M/123-See:Glass
Muscunda, 1027
Mush, A/206
Mushaippeyetti, 748
Mushakani, 690-See:-Kani
(varieties)
Mushak-dana, 626-See:-Dana
(varieties)
Mushika, A/206
Mushk., A/l96 - See:-Bed_
mushk; Bede-mushk; Firanjmushk; Hubbul mushk; Pharanja mushk
Mushka-See:-Naramushka
Mushk-amper, A/13S-See:Amper
Mushk-bhendike-jij, 626-See:
-Bhendike-jij
Mushk-dana, 626-See:-Dana
(varieties)
Mushkh-i-wali, 1260
Mushkiara, 1096
Mushkwalee, 1259
Mushroom-See:-E 1 v 0 r m mushroom; Bamboo mushroom; Oyster mushroom
Mushroom oyster-See:Oyster mushroom
Musht-as-ghonl, 1137
Mushti-See:-Vishamushti;
Tungamusti
Mushtivittulu, 1175-See:Vi;ttulu (varieties)
Musimusikkayi, 820;-See:Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Musk, A/196 - See:_:_Assam
musk; China or Chinese
musk; Kamrup musk; Kashmira musk; Nepala-musk;
Russian-musk; Tibet-musk;
Tonkin-musk
Muska, A/178
Musk-duck, A/202-See:Duck
Muskezamin, 427
Muskh-zamin, 446
Musk-mallow, 626-8ee:Mallow (varieties)
Musk melon, 402; 408-See:Melon (varieties)
Musk-root, 840
Musk-scented Rose, 1073-See:
-Rose (varieties)
Musk wood, A/203
870
THE INDIAN ATERIA MEDICA
Musli-See:-Kala~:rhusli; Kali~
musli; Sadamusli; Safe~~

musH; Safeta~musli; Siyah~
musli; Sufed musli
Musna, 1104
Musque, 830
Mussan, 698
Mussulkund, 411
Mus Sumbra, A/13B-See:Sumbra
'
Musta, 427; 428; 719
Mustaka, 427; 428-See:N agarmustaka
Mustaki-See:-Kabulimustaki
Mustanpat, 392-See:-Pat
( varieties)
Mustard - See:-Black mustard; Brown mustard; Dogmustard; White~m u s tar d;
Wild-mustard; Common-Indian mustard
Mustaru, 592
Muste,427
Mustela foina, A/202
Musti - See:- Bhadramusti;
Mullamusti; Nagamusti
Musu, .A/I71
Musumbi, 346
Musumusukkai, 220; 820-See:
-Kai or Kayi (varieties)
ramutti; Chittamutti; Amutti

(varieties); Puramutti
Muttia-lata, 609
Muttikari M/46--See:-Kari
( varieties)
Muttu, A/208-See:-Niradimuttu; Niradimutu
Muttuge, 222
Muttu-palagamu, 925
Muttura, 235
Muttuva, 1134
Muya,868
Myehscik, 128
Myepe, 121
Mylabris beetle, A/206-See:Beetle
Myle conday;, 156
Mylellu, 1278-See:-Ellu
( varieties)
Myogal moschatco) A/202
Myrobalan, 1205 - See
Arjuna myrobalan; Beleric
myrabolan; Chebulic myrobalan; Emblic myrobalan
Myrrh,170
Myrte, 838
Myrtle, 838-See:-Boxmyrtle
Mysore Gamboge Tree, 565See:-Gamboge tree
Mutal-See:-Kari~mutal
Mutha,428
Mutheera pula gam, 1138-See: Naanai-hindi, 788-See:-Hindi
(varieties)
-Pulagam
Naasuganni, 818--See:-Ganrii
Mutheli, 822; 823
( varieties)
.
Mutiamu, A/208
f'
Nabar, 1064
Mutira, 458
Naba-tuna-Milaja, 681
Mutra, A/232
Nabhi-See:-Adavinabhi;
Mutransialian, 427
Mriganabhi; Vatsanabhi
Mutta-See:-Marlu~mutta
Nabhi-ailkuri, 1153
Muttagamara, 222-See:Nabiyalh9ne; 1255
Gamara
Nachchuruppan, 1252
Mutta~kachi, 427-See:-Kachi Nachikay~gida, 699
Muttan-See:-Karimuttah
Nachni,477
-See:-Pulagamuche~tll ::_
,Nachuta, 349
Mutti-See:-Chitimulti; Sir- Nacre, A/211
INDEX
Nadena, 1282
Nadi-hmgu, 569-See :-Hingu
Nadika, 377-See:-Hingunadika
Nadinishpava, 424-See:Nispava
Naelaponna, 287-See:-Ponna
( varieties)
N aelatadi-chettu, or gadda, 411
Naelavaminta, 351-See:--,.
Vaminta (varieties)
Naepala, 396-See:-Pala
(varieties)
Naepal-vaerna, 396-See:Vaema
Naeraedu, 517
Naeralay, 517
Naeralu - See:-Malenaeraluj
Pannaeralu
Naervalam, 396-See:-V alam
(varieties)
N a g-See:-Karianag; Khadyanagj Raktanagj Vuchnagj
Bishnagj Punnag
Naga, M/83j M/517-See:TuttIDagaj Punnagaj Vellanaga
Nagaarjundudhi, 524-See:Dudhi (varieties)
Nagabala, 1138-See: -Bala
(varieties)
Nagachampakam, 792-See:Champakam
Naga-dali,873
Nagadamani, 144-See:Damani
Naga-danti, 166; 617-See:Danti (varieties)
Nagadona, 144-See:-Dona
Nagadonda,219-See:-Donda
Nagadouna, 144-See:-Douna
Naga golunga, 821-See:Golunga
Nagai-See:-Nazel-nagai
Nagajamudu, 873-See:J amudu (varieties)
Nagakaria, 579-See:-Karia
(varieties)
871
Naga-kesara, 792-See:Kesara (varieties)

Nagaladudheli, 430-See:Dudheli
Nagam, M/130 - See:-Punnagamj Tutanagamj Tuttunagam (varieties)
Nagamalli, 1059-See:-Malli
(varieties)
Nagamughatei, 685-See:Mughatei
Nagamusadi, 1173j 1182-See:
-Musadi
Nagamusti, 1173-See:-Musti
(varieties)
Nagappoo - See:-Sirunagappoo
Nagap-pu, 861
Nagapu, 932-See:-Cherunagapu
N agara, 1308
Nagaram, 1308
Nagara-motha, 427-See:Motha (varieties)
Nagarkali, 873-See:-Kali
( varieties)
Nagar motha, 430-See:Motha (varieties)
Nagarmothee, 428-See:Mothee
Nagarmowtha, 430-See:Mowitha
Nagar mustaka, 430-See:Mustaka
Naga Sambhava, M/86-See:Sambhava
Nagasampige, 792-See:Sampige (varieties)
Nagashap-pu, 792
Nagasugandha, 872-See:Sugandh (varieties)
Nagavalli, 960; 961
Nagbail, 1280-See:-Bail
Nagbo, 790
Nagchampa, 236-See:Champa (varieties)
N agachampakam-See:-'
Champakam (varieties)
872 \
Naitakkilay, 352-See:Nagchampe, 792-See:Takkile

Champe
Nai
tulasi, 863-See:-Tulasi
Nagdanti,708-See:-Danti
( varieties)
Nagdowan, 389-See:-Dowan
Nagdowna, 299-See:-Down-a Naivela, 599
Naji, 1027
Nagesar, 792
Nak, 1038-See:-Bishnak
N aggesurpu, 861
N akasinkani, 299
Naghas-See:-Mesua naghas
Nakchikni,465-See:N aghzak, 765
Chhikani; Chikni
Nagi, 201
Nakdown, 153
Naginka-patta, 389-See:Nakhala, A/135; A/1S6
Patta (varieties) .
Nagkesara, 792-or Nagkeshar, N akhari, 687
860-See:-Kesara
(varie- Nakhud,311
Nakhwah,280
ties)
Nakkaeru, 379
Nagli,477
Nakk-chhikni, 299-See:N aglkud, 1190
Chhikani
Nagneval, 872-See:-Val
N akkipoo, 617
(varieties)
Nakkukaruppan, 776
Nagoda, 1278
Nakpatra, 691
N~gphana, 872
Naktamala, 1001-See:Nagphani, 872; 1280
Tamala
Nagpuri bachang, 28-See:Naktrasa,
1142
Bachang
N
akull,
1088
Nagpushpa, 792
Nal, 859
Nagranga, 339-See:-Ranga
Nalagu, 732
(varieties)
Nala tige, 445-See:-Tige
Nagtali, 873-See:-Tali
(varieties)
(varieties)
N agum, 517-{'ee:-Punnagum Nala-userekee, 947-See:Userekee
N agvalli, 827
Nalha-damar,
1133-See:Nagvelli, 872-See:-Velli
Damar (varieties)
N ahani, 1260
Nali, 628
Nahani Kanvar, 75-See:Naliar, 363
Kanvar (varieties)
Nalichi bhaji, 684-See:Nahani Khapat, 7-See:Bhaji (varieties)
'Khapat
Nalitapat, 37&:-See:-Pat
Nahikuddaghu, 351
(varieties)
Nahusi, 1127
N
alivalli-See:-Pe-nalivalli
Nai, 172-See:-Kar.wai-nai;
Nallajilakara, 855-See:Rasna Nai
Jilakara
Naibel, 742-See:-Bel
Nalla-kalava, 859-See:(varieties)
Kalava
Nai-chette, 1270
Nallamada,
165-See:-Mada
N aidilay-See:-Bile-naidilay
( varieties)
Naikkodai, 51
Nallamaddi, 1211-See:Nainehavandi, 101
~
Maddi (varieties)
.N airuri, 517
. ~---r'
INDEX
873
. Nandi-chettu, 294
Nallamanthu,902-See:Nandihriksha, 294
Manthu
Nalla~mulli, 704-See:-Mulli
Nandireka, 545
Nandivardhanamu, 1189
(varieties)
Nandi-vraksha, 294; 1189
Nallanochili, ~72-See:
Nochili .
N andiyavertam, 1189
Nallapurugudu,947-See:Nandru, 951
Purugudu; Phulsarnallapu~ Nandruk, 545
Nandyavartha, 1260
rugudu
Nalla~pusini, 407-See:-Pusini Nangli, 477
N angulika, 579
N allar, 1284
Nallarenga, 797-See:-Renga Nan-i-Kulagh, 763-See:Kulag
Nallarojen, 254--See:-Rojen
Nani Sunkhali, lO6-See:Nallasominta, 1130-See:Sunkhali
Sominta
Nanjamurich-chan, 1252
Nalla~tapata, 1159-See:Nanjaruppan, 1253
Tapata
.
Nallatumma, 9-See:-Tumma Nanjinkuru, 360-See:-Kuru
Nanjunda, 166
(varieties)
N anka-See:-Periyananka
Nalla~vavili, 1278--See:N ankhvah-See:-Zinianas~
Vavili (varieties)
Nankhvah
Nallenne, 1~27-See:-Ennei or
N annaeni, 15
Ennay (varieties)
Nanna-ti, 99
N aHeru, 1284
Nan-ta-yok, 86
N allochangam, 165
N anthia-vatai, 1189
N alpalai, 150-See :-Palai
N anthia vattarnpu, 118S-See:
(varieties)
- Vattampu (varieties)
Nalugu, 733
N apatki, 271
Nalvalangee, 431
Nama, M/7
Napier's fodder, 930-See:N amadaberu, 619
Fodder
N amaeru, 236
Napiritta, 629
.
N amaeruak, 236
Napiya-hin, 822-See:-Bin
Namak, M/I09-See:-Cour(varieties)
ka-namak; Jhas-ka-namak
N ar-See:-Malang-nar
Namake~Khurdam, M/109
Nara, 748
Namakesang, M/108
Narae-kaisar, 792-See:N amaskari, 799
Kaisar
Nambu. 776-See:-Chunnam~
Narakam - See:- Malenarabu; Dawoon-nambu;
kam! N elanarakam; MaqalaN amdit-See:-Vadli-namdit
narakam; Madhuranarakam
Namon, M/7
Narakiya wood, 578
Namuti,592
Narak-karandai, 202-See:N anabalu, 526
Karandai (varieties)
Nan~bhantur, 395
Naral, 363-See:-JahariNanchano. 477-See:-Chano
naral
Nandi, 691
Nandia~vattampu, 1189-See:- Naralu, 474
56
874
\.
Narla-maddo,363-See : Naramushka, 861-See:Maddo (varieties)

Mushka
Naro,
282
Narang, 339-See:N
arphal,
946
Cherunaranga
Narputtio,145
Narangam, 339
Narr, 763
Narangamu, 339
N arraalagi, 748
Narangi, 339
Narri,999
Narangka, 339
Narsij, 522-See:-Sij
Naranj,339
(varieties)
Naranji, 375
Naru, A/147-Se e :-KalaNaraseja, 522
naru; Kalnaru
N aravi,-See :-Pulinaravi.
Narumbele,
387
Narayanam-See:- Pade-naNarumpanel, 1255
rayanam
Narunchana, 385-See:Narde Indike, 840
Chana (varieties)
Nard Indien, 840
Naru-ninti,
619-See:-Ninti
Naregan-See :_Nela-nar-egan
Naruvali, 380-See:-Vali
Nareyr,-517
(varieties)
N argandi-See :_Nili-nargandi
N aruvili, 380
Nargis, 839
Naruvilli, 379
Nargumi, 160
379
Nari, 946-See:-Bob-lar-nari Naruviri,
Narval_See:-Lahankhari
Manganari
narval
Nari balada hullu, 449
Narvala,
387-See:-Vala
Narikel, 363"'-:See:-Kel (vari(varieties)
eties)
Narvel, 517
Narikela, 363-See:-Kela
Narvela, 1271
(varieties)
Naringa-S ee :- Bhui-naringa- Nasabhaga, 933
Nelanaringa; Swadunaringa; Nashpati, 1038-See:-Pati
Nasodu, 517
.
Sonnaringa
Naringu-See:- Nepanaringu; Nasona, 876
Naspal, 1031-See:-Pal
N elanaringu
(varieties)
Narippayaru, 942-See:Nasur Janghi, 1228-See:Payaru (varieties)
Janghi
Nari-vengayam, 1257-See:N ata_See:-;-,..prabhoo-nata
Vengayam (varieties)
N ariyal, 363-See:-Daryaka
Nata fish, A/215-See:-Fish
(varieties) ~
nariyal
Narjil-banri, 749-See:-Banri Nata-karanga, .1001-See:Narjil-i-Darayai, 749-See:Karanja (varieties)
Nata-karanja, 226; 229-See:
Darayai
.
Nar-kachur, 1315-See:Karanja (varieties)
Kachur (varieties)
Nat-akrodu, 61-See:-Akhrc
Narkachura, 414-See:- KaNatarphal, 226
chura
"
N athamaram-See:-PeenaNar Kya-uda-1l7(h-See::_
thamaram
Uda
INDEX
Native calamine, M/131- .

See:-Calamine
Native ferric-oxide, M/94See:-Ferric oxide
Native white Felspar, M/7
See:-Felspar (varieties)
Nat-ka-bachnack, 579-See:Bachnack
Natka damula, 1025-See:Damula
Nat-ki-sona, 286--See:-Sona
,Natrium chloricum, M/108
Natron, MI101
Natrum-takara, 289-See:Takara (varieties)
Nattai-churi, ll62-See:Churi
Nattiati-vasa, 399-See:Vasa
Nattu-akrotta-kottai,61--See: .
-Akrotta-kottai; Kottai (varieties);
Nattuati'vudayam, 399-See:Ativudayam
.Nattu ireval-chinni, 1956See: -Chinni, Ireval-chinni
N attutakarai, 289-See:Takarai (varieties)
Nattuvadumai, 1205--See:Vadumai
Natubadamu, 1205-See:Badamu
Nau-nau, 381
Nausadan, Mill
Navacharam, Mill
Nava-charum, Mill
Navadunga, 522
Naval,5l7
Navaladi, 1280
Naval' Kol, 214
Navamallika, 700-See:Mallika (varieties)
Navananji-Ch~pala, 447See:-Chapala
. /
Navaneakki, 897-See:Akki
N avani, 896 ; 1131
Navasadara, Mill
875
Navsagar, Mill
Navasagara, Mill
Navasara, Mill-See :-8ara
(varieties)
Navasaram, Mill
Navel, 517
Navili, 651
Navi ragi, 476--See:-Ragi
Navto, 477
Nawal, 694
Nawar, 517
Naya, 1050
Nayaphataki,271-See:Phataki
Nayaphatakipana, (HeartPea), M/l03
Nayeti, 524; 526; 529-See:Lahan-nayeti
Nayi-bela, 353-See: -Bela
.(varieties)
Nayikuruma 818-8ee:-Kuruma
Nayisonagu-balli,818
Nayi-tulasi, 861; 863-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Nayit-yaga,1009-See:-Yaga
Nayi-velai, 351-8ee:-Velai
Na yop, 268--See:-Yop
Nay-palai, 1252-See: -Palai
. (varieties)
Nayukon, 969-See:-Kon
Nayuruvi, 21
Nazel-Nagai, 572-See:Nagai
Neardanchettu, 1263
N eboo-See: -Kamla-neboo.
Nebu, 342-See:- Bator-nebu;
Chholongo-nebu; Goranebu;
Karanebu; Mithanebu
Neela, 680
Neelabralakrati, 561-See:Bralakrati
Neelamalligida, 677-See:Malligida (varieties)
Neeli,681
Neeli-chettu, 681
Neelinee.680
Neelotpalam, 809
876
Nelakadale, 121-See:- KaN eelum, 681; 1286

I
dale
Nelakatala, 121-See:- KaNeem, 776
Neemeeri,1211
tala
Neepa-bark, 1096
)Nela. -Kumbala, 686-See:Neerampal, 859
Kumbala (varieties)
Neerbatsala , 713-See: -BatNelammari , 1319-See : sala
.
Mari (varieties)
Neerbrahmi,624-See : Nelampata, 592-See:-Pata
Brahmi (varieties)
(varieties)
Neermali, 1017
Nela_muchchala,607-S ee : Neermulli, 63; 141-See:Muchchala
Mulli (varieties)
Nela-mulaka, 1150-See : Neerpoola, 947-See:- poola
Mulaka (varieties)
Neerugobbi, 667,-See:Nelanarakam, 842 (Nelanarakam), _See:-Narakam (vaGobbi
N eeruili, 63
rieties)
Negamuli, 1059-See :-Muli
Nela-naregan, 842-See:(varieties)
Naregan
Neggilu_See:-Aneneggilu;
Nela-naringa, 842-See:-Na.
Doddaneggilu; Kennegilu
ringa (varieties)
Negil-mullU , 1230
Nela-naringu, 842-See:Naringu (varieties)
Negli,998
Negro Bean, 817_See:-Beans Nela-nekkare, 609-See : (varieties)
Nekkare
Negro Coffee, 289-See:Nelapalai,526-See:-Palai
Coffee '
(varieties)
Negundu-Se'e :-KaloNela panna maravara, 156See: -Panna maravara
negundu
Nehass, M/47-See : -Ass
Nelasampenga, 997-See : Sampenga (varieties)
Neichak, 633
Nelasampige , 716-See: -Sam;...
Neimal, 1181
pige (varieties)
Nekkare-See:-Nela-nekkare
Nelausiri,947-See:-Usiri
Nekki-See:-Bile-nekki;
Nela usirika, 947-See : -UsiKarinekkigida
rika (varieties)
Nela-aInudumu, 706-See:Nelavemu, 101; 573-See:Amudumu (varieties)
Vemu (varieties)
Nelabaevu, 101-See: -Bevu
Nelavilam, 535-See:-Vilam
(varieties)
Neli, 681
~.
N eladali, 411-See: -Dali
Nellagulisetenda 27~-See:Nela-guli , 485-See:-Guli
Gulisetenda
(varieties)
,
Nellap~na Kilongu, 41l-See:
Nela-gulimidi, 485-See:Kilongu'
NeUatiga, 674-See: -Tiga
Gulimidi
Nelagummudu, 686-See:, (varieties)
Gummudu
it
Nellatiga, 674-See: -Tiga
Nela_hippali,746-See :"7:'
(varieties)
Hippali
INDEX
Nella tutia, M/52-See:Tutia (varieties)

Nelli, 481-See:-Arunelli,
Ghebunelli; Kilanelli; Kirnelli; Kirunelli; Kizhkay-nelli; Melanelli; Shivappunelli
Nellika, 481
Nellikai, 481-See: -Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Nellik-kai, 481
Nelli-kumbala, 686-See:Kumbala (varieties)
Nellu, 877
N elmal, 1181
Neltangedu, 288-See:Tangedu (varieties)
Nelam, 844
Nelumbo, 844
Nemaur grass-See :-Grass of
Nemaur
Nembu---.:see: -Pahari nembu;
Batavi-nembu
Neoza, 957
Neoza pine, or Edible pine,
957-See:-Pine (varieties)
Nepal, 396
Nepala, 396
Nepalam, 705
Nepala musk, A/197-See:Musk (varieties)
Nepala-vithalu, 396-See:Vittulu (varieties)
Nepalavitua, 396
Nepal Barberry, 187-See:Barberry (varieties)
Nepal Camphor wood, 330See: -Camphor wood
Napalcha-bi, 396
.
Nepalidhania, 1302-Se'e:Dhania
Nepali marich, 270-See:Marich (varieties)
Nepal tunth, 595-See:Tunth
Nepanaringu, 842-See:Naringu (varieties)
Nepari, 442
)
877
Nepati, 265
Ner, 1142-See: -Kharner
Nera, 1060
Nerali-See: -Pannerali
Neredu-See: -Pedda-neredu;
Rachan~redu
Neri-ariship-pal, 86; 747-See:
Arishippal; Pal (varieties)
Nerie--poottie, 714-See:Poottie
Nerija, 474
N erinche-See :-Cherunerinche
Nerinjal, 1229-See: -Cheppunerinjal; Kattu-nerinjal
Nerinji, 1229-See:-Cheppuneringie; Seruppunerinji
Nerinnil, 1230-See: -Kathener9;nil
Neroori, 264
N erpichan, 716
Nerungil, 1230
N erunji-See: -Peru-nerunji
Netario-thora, 529-See:Thora ( varieties)
Netlingi, 997
Netramala, 360
Netrashuddhi, 867
Nettle-See: -Common stinging nettle; Stinging nettle
Neunblattrige Indigop flange,
678
N everang, 524-See: - Vilaithinevarung
Newar, 520; 871
Newrang, 526
Neyi, A/182
Ngway, M/14
'Nialo' jowar, 1161-See:J owars (varieties)
Nichardi, 1251
Nichinda, 1281
Nichni, 1060
Nidigdhika, 1150; 1156
Niepa, 1096
Nigachuni, 529
Nigad, 1278
Niger seed, 595
878
I Nila vakai, 284; 287-See:Night Jasmine, 857-See:Vakai

Jasmine (varieties)
Nilavarai, 288-See: - Varai
Nightshade-See: -Deadly':
(varieties)
nightsh~de; Indian NightNilavembu, 101; 1184-See:shade; Malabar nightshade;
Vembu (varieties)
Woody nightshade .
Nila-vemu, 1184-See: - VeNik-kadugu, 351-See:'-Kamu (varieties)
dugu (varieties)
Nilavepu, 101-See:-Vepu
Nikkikurkan, 486
Nilavimbu, 573-See:-Vimbu
Niksuki, 1250
Nilavirai, 287-See: - Virai
Nikumba, 706
(varieties)
Nil, 677; 681-See:-Bon-nil,
Nila-vriksha, 452-See:Hab-un-nil; Tukhm-i-nil;
Vrikshaha (varieties)
Vilaiti-nil
Nile crocodile, A/202-Se e : Nila, 677; 681-See:-DaoroCrocodile.
khat-e-nila; Kazhinnila
Nile
flower, 689
Nila-aparajita, 354-See:Nili, 681-See:-Ratanili
Aparajita
Talanili
Nila-cumal, 585-See:Nilika, 678; 680
Cumal
Nili-nargandi, 572-See:Nila-durva, 426-See:-Durva
Nargandi
Nilaisedachi, 997
Nilini,677
Nilaja, 681
Nilkant, 573
Nila~adalai, 121-See:Nilkanth, 414
Kadalai (varieties)
Nilkantha; A/213
Nilakkimnizh, 585
Nilkanthi, 310
Nilam, 681
Nilkattei, 616
e
Nila-mayura, A/141-Se : Nill-koyala, 354-See:Mayura
Koyala
Nilampala, 141-See: -Pala
Nilobikh, 443
(varieties)
Nilofar, 859
Nila-nirgundi, 572-See:Nilopal, 859
Nirgundi (varieties)
Nilotpala, 859-See: -Pala
Nilanjanam, M/13
(varieties)
Nilap-panaik-kizhangu, 411Nil-pushpi, 688-See :-Pushpi
Kizhangu (varieties)
(varieties)
,f<!'
Nilappanang-kilangu, 411Nil-sapIa, 859-See: -SapIa
See:-Kilangu (varieties)
Nilufer, 844
_
Nilaprala, 516
Nim, 776-See: -Gbor~-nim;
Nilasampangi, 997-See:Karrinim; Maha-nim; VilaSampangi
yati-nim; Jalnim
Nilathari, 419
Nimak, M/109-See:-KaIaNila-thotha, M/52-See:nimak; Sondanimak
Thotha
:Nimb , 776-See: -Balnimb;
Nila tuta, M/52-See:- 'ruta
Mahanimb; Phirangi-nimb
Nilavagai, 288-See:-Vagai
Nimba, 776-Bhunimba; KadNilavaka, 287-See:-V<1ka
hee-nimba; Kadu-nimba;
(varieties)
INDEX
879
Krishnanimbi; Mahanimba; Nirmuli, 420-See:-Muli

Peddanimba; Surabhinimba
(varieties)
Nimbe-hannu-See: -Dodda
Nirmurdi, 202
nimbe hannu
Nirnochchi, 1278; 1281-See:Nimboovo, 342
N ochchi (varieties)
Nimbu, 341 - See:-Bajauri- Nirnoschi, 1281-See:nimbu; Ban-nimbu; BonNoschi
nimbuj Chor-nimbu; Dodi- . Nirnotijil, 352
nimbu; Godnimbu; Idanim- Nirpulli, 422; 1226
bu; Mahanimbu; Mithanim- Niruganneru, 999-See:bu; Motunimbu; PahadinimGanneru (varieties)
bu; Paharinimbu; Saker- Nirumalli, 667-See:-Malli
nimbu
( varieties)
Nimma-See: -Gajanimma;
Nirumelneruppu, 91
Adavinimma
Nirunji, 1229
Nimmagaddi, 104
Niruri, 947-See:-Katu- niruNimma-pandu, 342-See:ri; Phyllanthe niruri
Pandu
Niru-vavili, 1281-See:Vavili (varieties)
Nimma-tulasi, 864-See:Nirvala, 387-See:-Vala
Tulasi (varieties)
Nimok, M/109
(varieties)
Nimurdi, 202
Nirvanchi, 656-See:-Vanchi
(varieties)
Ninti-See: -Naru-ninti
Nirvanji, 1106
Nipa,118
Niradimuttu, 658; 661-See:- Nirvisha, 719-See: - Visha
(varieties)
Muttu (varieties)
Nirvisham, 418; 1095
Niradimutu, 1195-See:Nirvishi, 443
Muttu (varieties)
Nirvisi, 334
Niradi-vittulu, 658-See:Nisa, 1308
Vittulu (varieties)
Nisan,1308
Nira-Iakki-gida, 1281
Nisha, 414
Nirbash, 994
Nishadal, Mill
Nirbishaghas, 719-See:Nishinda, 1278
Ghas' (varieties)
Nishotar, 691
Nirbishi, 443; 719
Nishoth, 691
Nirbisi, 334
Nisinda, 1278
Nir-brami, 624-See: - BrahNisomali, 999
mi (varieties)
/
Nisoth, 691
Nirda, 680
Nispatigay, 265
Nirgandi, 1278
Nispava, 460-See: -NadiniNirgunda, 1278
shpava
Nirgunda-See: -KrishnaNisut, 691
nirgunda
Nitrate of Potash M/90; 91Nirgundi, 1278-See: -J alaSee: -Potash nitrate; Potasnirgundi; Nila-nirgundi
sium nitrate
Nirguvi-veru, 667
Nitre, M/90-See: -Impure
Nirjara, 356
nitre; Purified nitre
Nirmali, 1181
880
Niumb, 342
I
Niva, A/146
Nivadunga, 524-See:- Vayinivadunga
Nival-See: -Pandnival
Nivali, 522-See:-Baddinivali;
Kada-nivali; Kantya-nivali;
Pannanivali
Nivar, 177
Niye-veru, 221
Noalata, 445
Noari, 946
Noaris, 947
Nochchi, 1278--See:-Karunochchi; Nirnochchi; Shirunochchi; Vellai-nochchi
Nochili-See: -NallanochiIi
Noix aquatique Corniole, 1227
Noix d'Arec, 130
Noix Vomique 1175
Nokra, M/13
Nona, 115
Nonganam-pillu, 869-See:PilIu (varieties)
Noona-maram, 810
Nooniglika, 229
Nooni-shak, 1005-See:Shak-nooni
Noorekayi, 1l03-See: - Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Nopal plant, A/155
Norvishee"177
Noschi-See: -Nirnoschi
Noshadar; M/ll
Notchi, 1278
Nottavil-maram, 128
N ousadar, M/ll
"Noyean" plant, 691
Noyer cultive, 709
Nripadruma, 285
Nubarse, 163
Nugatumma, 14-See:Tumma (varieties)
Nugge,811
Nuir-See: - Vishnanuir.
Nukachuni, 1167
..
Nuku-kattai, 432
.,,_,
Nullerotigen, 1284
Nullerutigeh, 1284
Nun-See:-Kale-nim; Lunnun
Nuna, 809
Nun-bora, 683-See:-Bora
(varieties)
Nundo-jangro, 1317-See:Jangro
Nunibeera 752
Nunibhaji, 1007-See:Bhaji (varieties)
Nuni-gatcha, 229
Nuni-sak, 1007-See:-Sak
(varieties)
Nunnari, 619
Nura, M/44
Nurah, M/42
Nurma, 207
Nut grass, 428
Nuth, 696
Nutma, 586
Nutmeg, 830-See: -Country
nutmeg; Malabar nutmeg
Nutti-choorie, 1162
Nuvvu, 1126
Nuyvulu, 1126-See:-Polla,
nuvvulu
Nux-Vomica Tree, 1175
Nyagrodha, 543
Nyai phulanch, 1065
Nyctanthes-See:-Weeping
nyctanthes
Oak-See: -A~aric of the oak;

Jerusalem oak; Kumaon-oak
Oak Galls, 1041-See: -Galls
Oandak, 349 ~
Oao, 448
Oats, 162
Obukotru, 345
Oehra-See: -Ben-oehra
Ochre, M/I0...:_see: -Bole
(yellow) ochre; Paleochre;
Rudde or Red ochre; Yellow
ochre
INDEX
Ochre, red, M/1U-Sec:Ochre (varieties)

Ockro,l
Ocre rouge, M/42
Odallum, 302
Odallum tree, 302
Oddhi, 865
Oddimanu, 868
Odiyamaram, 868
Oeillete Pavot 'som,nifere, 901
Ogai, 158
Ohin-kio-kiu, 332
Oli of Juniper berries, 710See: -Berries (varieties)
Oil of Sen Hog, A/166-See
Hog; Sen hog
Oil-tree-See:-Wood-il tree
Okra, l-See: -Ben-okra;
Bhui-okra; Bon-okrl1; Bunokra; Khudi-okra
01,94
Olaktambol; 4-See:- Tambol
Olancha, 104
Olang-karai, 473-See:- Karai (varieties)
Olat, 594
Olatkambal, 4; 933
Olichi, 1014
Old ghee, A/187-See:-,-Ghee
Oleander-See Exile Oleander;
Sweet-scented oleander;
YeHow oleander
O1enkirayat, 101-See:Kirayets (varieties)
Oleum ceti, A/l54-See: -Ceti
Oleum fructus juniperi, 710See: -Fractus
Junipari; Juniperi
Olibanum-See: -Indilln olibanum
Olikiryat, 101-See: -Kiryat
Olives, 870
Olu-et-olu, 859
Olupoe-See: -Kattu-olupoe.
Omim,280
Omamu, 280; 1028
Oman, 280; 1028
On;mm, 1028
Onion, 63-See: -Himalayan

onion
Onkla,58
Odh,1182
Oodoojati, 714
Oondi, 236
Ooshadhana, 110-See:Dhana (varieties)
Ooshak-See:-Ushna. ooshak
Ooshnam, 969
Ophthalmic Barberry, 187-See:-Barberry (varieties)
Opium, 902-See: -Malwa
opium; Patna Garden opium;
Garden opium
Opium Poppy Capsules 901
See: -Poppy capsules
(varieties)
Orange common (common orange); orange sweet; (sweet
orange); orange Chinese~
(Chinese orange); orangebitter
(bitter
orange) ;
orange
seville
(seville
orange); orange Bergamot or
Bergamot orange 339: 341
Orb-See: -Kayoo-orb
Oreha, 1160
Orchid-See: -Salep orchid
Ore-See: -Zinc ore; Copper
ore
Orge angulesuse, 653
Origan aquatique, 522
Orilaiththamari, 683
Orpiment, M/20-See: - Red'
orpiment
Orris root, 694
Osadi, 55
Osali, 1280
Oseille rouge de Guinee, 632;
Oseille a trois feuilles ou du
bois, 890
Oseille de brebis 1079
Oseille rond, 1080
Osteon, A/211
'Ostindishcher Dintenbaum,
1119
'Ostras, A/211
'Otaheite Goose-berry, 946"':_
See:-Gooseberry
'Otdhomps, 735
'Oteneah, 448
Ottampuli, 950-See: -Puli
(varieties)
'Ottatti, 1256-See: -Atti
(varieties)
'Ottuppullu, 1251
Ottuttutti, 1256-See : -Tutti
(varieties)
Ou de Dieu on Conseils, 552
Oulia Champ, 795-Se~:Champ
-Oulimanji, 628
Ouplate, 1108
Ova-See:-Pan-ova
I
Oyster-shell-See: - Comma
oyster-shell; Shell (vari
ties)
Pabban, 844
Pabda, A/214
Paburpani, 1233
Pacha, 996
Pachai Karpooram, 250-Se(
Karpooram, (varieties)
Pachak, 1108
Pachakarpooram, 250--See:See:-Karpooram (varieties)
Pachala, 177
Pachalai, 177
Pachapat, 996-See:-Pat
( varieties)
Pacchcha-ganneru, 1218Ovapana, 371-See: - Pana
(varieties)
See:-Ganneru (varieties)
'Ovibos moschatus, A/202Pachchai-alari, 1218-See:See: -Moschatus
Alari
Ovi vitellus, A/162-See: Pachchari-See: -Erra-pach.
Vitellus
chari
'Owa, 280; 1028-See:Pachcharisi-See: -Ammam
Khorasani-owa
pachcharisi (varieties)
'Owl, A/144
Pachcha-yavulu, 653-See:Ox, A/146
Yavulu
Ox-bile, A/161-See:'-Bile
Pachche adavimalle, 702(varieties)
See:-Adavi malli; Malli
Ox-gall-See:-Gall (variet(varieties)
ies); Fresh ox-gall; Purified Pachettu, 1186
Pachai-payaru, 939-See:ox-gall
'Oxide of arsenic-See:-White
Payaru (varieties)
oxide of arsenic; Arsenic oxide; Pachhai-pesufu, 939-See:Iron oxide; Silicate of alumiPesalu
nia etc.
Pachi, 591-See: SamudupuOxide of iron, M/95-See: pachi; Darya-:Ki-gas or
Magnetic oxide of iron
pachi
Oxide of lead-See: -Lead
Pachitiga, 292-See: -Tiga
oxide; Red oxide of lead
(varieties)
Pacholi, 996
'Oyster, A/212-See: -Pearl
oyster
' / , Pachotti, 1186
()yster mushroom, 5l,..-:..see: - Packur-mul 1000
Pactige belumbo, 844
Mushroom oyster'
INDEX
883
Pada, 804-See: - Bahupada; Padri, 1168-See: -KalgoriChandrapada;

Davanpada;
padri
Hastipada; Dupada
Padval, 1234-See: - Padavala
(varieties) 3arlgli-padavala;
Padal-See: -Peyu-padal
Padar, 112
Kadu-padavala
Padarasam, M/68
Padvala-See: -I{adu-padaPadauk, 1024
vala
Padavakani, 656
Padvali, 334
Padaval or Padavala -See:- Padvalkayi, 1234--See: -Kai
3 angli-padavala; Kadu-padaor Kayi (varieties)
vala; Kahi-padavala
Padvel-See: -G}lorpadvel.
Padavali-See:-Ranacha paPadwal,994
davali
Pad-zahare-Havani, A/161
Padayin, 434
o Padzahre-kani, M/97
.
Padche-methi, 731-See:Paedikari attutummatti 335
Methi (varieties)
-See: -Tummiltti; Atti
Paddale, 847
(varieties)
Paddam, 1015; 1016
Paeoney Rose, 893-See:Paddoola-See:-Kadupad(varieties)
doola
Paer,273
Paddy, 877
Paera, 1017
Paddy liquor, M/49-See:- Paeral, 543
Liquor
Paerattae-kirae, 690
Pade-biri, 892-See: -Biri
Paeravirai, 289-See:-Virai
Pade khado, 594-See: -Kha(varieties)
do
Paerichhu, 946
Padel, 1168
Paeyemaruti, 114-See: -Ma
Padelon, M/98
ruti
Pade-narayanam, 996-See:- Pagadamalle, 857.-See:Narayanam
Malle (varietie;;)
Fader, 1168
Pagadamu, A/156
Padi-See: - Youn-padi
Pagade-mara, 801
Padikharam, M/2-See:Pagal, 805
Kharam
Pahadamoola, 334--See:Padina (footed aquatic aniMoola (varieties)
Pahadidhup, 211~See: -Dhup
mals) A/140
Padma, 530; 710; 844;-See:(varieties)
Swet-padma
Pahadi indrayan, 405-See:Indrayan (varieties)
Padma-gulancha, 1221-See:Gulancha
Pahadi kanda, lliS-See:Padmaka, 1015; 1016
Kanda (varieties)
Pahadi-madanma;;taka-phul,
Padma-kasta, 1{)16
422-See: - MadanmastakaPadma kastha, 1015
Padma k~thi, 1015
phul (varieties)
Padmaksh, 1015
Pahadi-nimbu, 346-See:Padma-pushkara, 694; 695Nimbu (varieties)
See-Pushkara
Pahadi pudina, 790-See:Padrasa, M/68
Pudina (varieties)
884
Pahadvel, 334
Pahar,555
Paharikaghuju, 346
Pahari-keli, 295; 296-See:Keli (varieties)
Pahari kiretta, 1184-See:Kiretta
Pahari-nembu, 346-See:. Nembu (varieties)
Pahari-pipu1, 972-See:Pipul (varieties)
Paharval, 334-See: -Val
(varieties)
Paide,548
Paidi-tangaedu, 290-See:Tangedu (varieties)
Paidithagara, 568--See: -Thagara-padika
Paikummatti, 335-Matti
(varieties)
Pailaeputatammi, 273
Paillie, A/165
Paiman, 517-See: -Kumpaiman
Painaira-wel, 272
Paina Schulli, 19-5ee:Schulli
Painipasha, 1265
Painipishin, 1265
Pair, 554
Pairu-See: -China-pairu
Paivu-See: -China-paivu
Paiyah, A/229
Paiyamratarn, 356-See:Amratam; Chittamratam
Pajanku-sut, 1278-See: -Sut
Pakar, 551; 554
Pakarmul, 1164
Pakavakka, 130
Pakhanabhedalakri, '696
Pakhanbed, 1113
Pakhan-bhed, 573
Pakku, 130-See: -Kottaipakku
Pakkuln, 475
Pakri, 551-See: - Jufiyakri.
Paku-kofui, 130-S~e.;.""""'Kotai
Pakur, 542
..
"Pakwa-Kapoor," 466-See
Kapoor (varieties)
Pal-See: -Ariship-pal; Re,
alchinipal; Tallapal; Tans;
pal; Vallipal; Vellanpal, Da
vapal; J eyapal; Marghipa
Mattipal; Naspal; Raktopa
Vellanpal; Neri-ariship-pal.
Pala, 93; 472; 516, A/l71-Sel
Bushpala, Dodee-pala, Ed:
kulapala, Kondapala, Ku]
kapala, Manapala, Naepal
Nilampala, Peddapala, Pi1
(J> pala, Sisupala, Sharpala Sl
gandhipala, Tedlapala, ThO]
thapala, Vapala, Chitrapal
Jayapala, Nilotpala; Artipal
Palachu, 146
Paladagida-See: -Sugandha
paladagida
Paladulu, 222
Palagaruda, 80
Palah, 222; 475-See:-Ka
shapalah
Palai, 400; 802-See: -Atru-:
palai; Nalpalai; Nay-pa18
Nela-palai; Peyppalai; VI
tpalai
Palak, 196; 197; 548; 1164-$e
Burhanpalak; J angli-palak
Palakai-kalli, 873-See:'Kalli (varieties)
Palakalli, 873-See:-Kalli
(varieties)
Palak-juhi 1059-See:-.Tuhi
Palakura, 652-See: -Kura
(varieties)
Palam-pasi, [137
Palamper 1017
Palamsaka, lIM-See:Saka' (varieties)
Palandam-See:-V anapalandam
Palandu 63
Palang, 1164-See: -Ban-palang; Bit-palang; Bonpalan
J adupalang; Tatpalang
Palanki, 196; 197
INDEX.
Palari-See: -Kottampalari
PaIas, 222-See: -Dahipalas
Palasa, 222-See: -Darakhatepalasha, Latapalasa
Palasam, 222
Palash,222
Palas Lata, 224-See:-Kinsuka
Palas-pipIo, 629-30-See-
Piplo
Palas-pipul, 629-See:Pipul (varieties)
Pala sugandhi, 619-See:Sugandhi (varieties)
Palas-wel, 224
.
Palawar, 1087
Palawat, 945
Palay-kirai, 652 -See:Kirai (varieties)
Pale Catechu, 1254--See:Catechu (varieties)
. Pale (or yellow) Ochre, MilO
-See:-Ochre (varieties)
Paliakiri, 890
Palidhar, 508
Palita-madar, 50B-See:Madar
Palitmandar, 508-See: -Mandar
Palla, 802
;Pallachinta, 890-See:Chinta (varieties)
Pallephagil, 807-See:Phagil
Palleri, M/103
Palleru-See: - Pedda-palleru
Pallerumullu, 1229
Palm-See: -Betel-nut palm;
Cocoanut palm; Date sugar
palm; Dattelpalm; Fanpalm;
Ghatpalm; Hillpalm; Jaggery
palm; Palmyra palm; Toddypalm; Sago-palm; Malabar
Sago-palm
Palmanikam; M/52
Palmier dattier, 943
Palmodikka, 686
885
Palmyra Palm, 209-See:Palm (varieties)

:Palo, 752; 1220
Palog-pongikan, A/13SSee: -Pongikan
Palpashanam-See: -Kudirepalpashanam
~altiga-See: -Matta-paltiga
~lu, A/171-See: -Maddipalu
Palupaghel-kalung, 807See:-Kalung
dikpana; Kavitpana; Kutapana; Ovapana; Talipana
PaIva, 111
Palval, 1238
Palvalli, 674
Palvan, 111
Palwal, 1236
Palwan, 103
Pama, 710
Pamala, 505
Pambar, 291
Pampalienaram, 345
Pampana, 876
Pamparchettu, 561
Pampari, 345
Pamu kallu, M/97-See:Kallu (varieties)
Pamukh, 1267
Pan, 960; 961-See-Surpan;
Daddupan; Kondapan; Kulopan; Kyoak-pan; Patchpan;
Phodipan; Takapan; Vidyachi pan; Wakkwoogana-pan;
Watpan; Ayapana; Dhurapan; J uipana; Kadikpana;
Kavitpana; Kutapana; Ovapana; Talipana
Pana, 156; 209; 876-See:Daddupana Mohapana; Toddapana.
Panaimaram, 209
Panambale, 554
Panara, 508
Panairawas, 508
Panasa, 146
Panasalambe, 51
886
,Panchakaeshera, 236
Panachangulam, 1065
Panchparni, 207-See:-1
Parni (varieties)
Pancreatini-See: -Liquor
pancreatini or pancreatis
Pandala, 14B-See: -Pant:ra
Pandan, 1168
Pandarphalli, 680
Pandekajhad-See:- ShabkePandekajhad
Pandhara aghada, 21-See:Aghada
Pandharen-kamal, 858--See:Kamal (varieties)
Pandhari, 396; 594; 1286
Pandhari kusal, 10B-See:Kusal
Pandharphali, 557
Pandhra-kura, 634-See:Kura (varieties)
Pandhri, 821
Pandhri-abai, 254-See:Abai
Pandhri-sahebi, 1286-See:Sahebi (varieties)
Pandnival, 522-See: -Nival
(varieties)
Pandol, 1234
Pandola, 1234
Pandrakuda, 847-See:Kuda (varieties)
.
Pandresavara, 505-See:Savara
Pandruk, 1170
Pandu-See: -Kalivipandu;
Peddakalivipandu; Nimmapandu; Velipandu; Seetapandu
Paneermaya, A/218
Paner-bad, 1291
Panevar, 291
Pangala, 995
Pangara, 508
Pangaru, 508
Pangi 256; 986-See: -Parharpangi
v
Pangiro, 508
.
IJ-,I -
Pangoli, 217
Pangra, 485; 508; 995
Paniamlak, 554
Panibel, 1283-See: -Bel
(varieties)
Panibu-a, 753
Panic-grass- See: - Creeping
panic grass
Panichhi maram, 453
Pannijama, 1091
panikisanbhalu, 1281
Paniki-Shumbala, 1281
Panilari, 1282-See: - Ari
(varieties)
Panilazak, 847
Paniphal, 1227
Pani-pyre, 942-See: -Pyre
(varieties)
Panirak, 763
Paniri, 138
Pani-samalu, 1281-See:Samalu
Pani-soka, M/7
Paniyala, 554
Paniyanaku, 154
Paniyar-tutti, 1135-See:Tutti (varieties)
Panjangusht; 1277
Panj-angushte-abi, 1281
Panjeri, 1283
Panjiri-ka-pat, 113-See:Pat (varieties)
Panjoli, 948
Panjooli, 947
Pankaja, 844
.
Pankauri, A/213-See:Kauri
Pankura, 25-See:- Kura
(varieties) P
Pankushi, 948
Panlata, 445
.
Panlvanga, 713-PanlvangaSe: -Lav~nga
Panmouri, 557
Panmuhuri, 557-See:Muhuri
Pannaeralu, 51S-See:Naeralu (varieties)
INDEX
Pannai, 297
Panna-maravara-See: - NeJa
pannamaravara
Pannanivali, 524--See:Nivali (varieties)
Pannay tree, 236
Pannerali, 518-See:-Nerali
Panneru-gadda, 1291-See:Gadda (varieties)
Panni, 107; 109-See: - Ekpanni
Pannir, 1071
Panniruppu, 1072-See:Uppu (varieties)
Pan-Ova, 371-See: -Ova
Panpe, 273
Panpoye, 948
Panpui, 448
Pansayeik, 698
Pansra, 371
Pan Tamboli, 960-See:Tambbli
Pantra or Pandala, 148
Panus, 345
Panwar, 730
Pao de Cobra, 1173-See:Cobra (varieties)
Paodi,130
Papada-See: -Pitpapada
Papadi, 924
Papad-khar, M/8S-See:Khar (varieties)
Papai,273
Papanalil, 333
Papar, 520
:Papara-See: -Chitw...papara;
Pitpapara; Ghatipithpapra
Paparaminta, 789
Paparamulli, 1150
Paparamulli-See:-Mulli
(varieties)
Paparamullu, 1150-See:. Mullu
Paparapuli, 38-;-See: -Puli
(varieties)
Papari,924
Papas, 586
Papat, 924
'\
SST
Papata, 924
Papaw, 273
Papaya tree, 273
Papayer commun, 273
Papda-See: -Pitpapda
Papdo-See: -Pittapapdo
Paperabudama, 335
Papeta, 1154
Papeya,273
Papillay-See: -KattuPapillay
Papita, 273; 1174
Papiti, 925
Papnas, 345
Papnassa, 345
Pappali, 273
Pappana, 924
Pappangaye, 273
Pappara-mulli, 1149-See:Mulli (varieties)
Pappatak-mora-uppu, M/88See: -Uppu (varieties)
Pappayam, 273
Papplichakkay, 1266
Pappu-See:-Sannapappu;
Misur-pappu
Pappu-kura, 305-See:Kura (varieties)
Papra, 561; 994-See: -Pitpapra; Pittpapra
Papri, 225; 651; 994; 1254See: :-Wal-papri
Paputa, 273
Paputta vayru, 925-See:Vayru
Para, M/6S-See: -Hondapara
Kadapara; Kharpara; 'Khetpara; Pitpara; Wampara
Para Cress, 1164-See: -Cress(varieties)
Parada, M/67
Paragi, 1317
Paragus, 153
Paral, 877; 1168
Paramutty, 925
Parangi, 273
Parangichekkai, 1143
0
Parangi-sambrani, 211-See:Sambrani
.Parangithalai, 99-See: _ I
Thalai
.Paranki-See:-Upperiparahki
Parapalanam, 580
Parapalanamu, 580
Pararoo, 508
Paras, 1016
Parasikava, 670-See:'~
Kava (varieties)
.Paras-pipal, 629-See: - Pipal
(varieties)
Paravata-padi, 271
.Parbata, A/214
Pardesi dawano, 144-See:Dawano
"Pardeshi" Gowar, 420See:- Gowar (varieties)
Pardik,857
Parenda-See: -Isgangalam
parenda
Paresh pipal, 629-See: Pipal
(varieties)
Parharpangi, 980-See:Pangi
Pari, 877
Paribhadra, 508
Parijata, 857
Parijataka, 508; 857
Paringa, 508
Paringay, 1143
Parin-Kakavalli, 486-See:-Kakavalli
Parinkipatte, 1143
Parinta, 377
Parisa, 629
Parjamb, 870
Parjan, 1142
Parjanya, 187
Parkatinj, 551
Parmelia des murs, 922
Parnabij, 717
Parner, 1244
Parni-See: -Bariparni; Chekaparni; Krishniparni; Manduparani; Manduparni~ NIand.ukaparni; Mashapa;roi~ Ma-
shparni; Mudgaparni; Panchparni; Sanaparni; Shalaparni; Shalparni; Shriparni;

Sinhaparni; Tilparni; Induparni; Kalaparni; Kapi-tthaparni; Prasniparni
Paro, M/68
Paroa, 548
Paronk, 250
Parpadagam, 869
Parpadagum, 804
Parpalli, 1317
Parpalli-gidda, 1317
Parparam, 932
Parpat, 869-See:-Pat (varieties)
Parpata-See :-Kshetra-parpata; Yavana parpata
Parpataka, 580; 804
Parpataka,-- Grishma-Sundara,
804
Parpati-8ee:-Khsetra-parpati
Parpatis (Mercurials)
Parpatrah, 596
Parpukire, 1006
Parrot, A/216
Parrot seed, 278
Parsacha-jadha, 630
Parselane-See:-Common
Indian parselane; Indian parselane
Parsipu, 629, 630
Parsley, 934-See:-Silphium
parsley
Parsnip-See:-Cultivated
parsnip
Partaka, 857 '"
Partanga, 607
Parthangi, 230 ~
Partoli, 823.
_
Partridge, A/141-See:-Grey
partridge; Common Indian
partridge; Indian partridge
Paru,65 '
Parui-8ee:-Mashaparui;
Mashparui
Parukire, 1006
INDEX
Parul, 116S-See:-Ranparul
Paruppu-See:-Mindiri paruppu; Uppu (varieties)
Parupukire, 305
Parusa-pipalo, 630-See:Pipalo
Parusha, 593
Parushamaram, 630
Paruthi, 587; 58S-See:Samparuthi
Parutti, 633-Champaruttij
Karuparutti;
Velluparuttij
Veliparutti
Paruva-See:-Cheruparuva
Parvala, A/156-See:-Vala
(varieties)
Parvar, 1236; 1238
Parvara, A/156
Parvataninib~ vraksha, 784
Parvata-yeranda, 705-See:Yeranda
Parwar, 1236
Pasanum-See:-Sudupasanum .
Pasarganni, 431-See:-Ganni
(varieties)
Pashana-See:-Sankhya
Pashana; Rakanpashana
Pashanabedaka, 652
Pashanabheda, 1054
Pashanabhedi, 371
Pashanbheda, 1113
Pashanam -See:- Daddipashanamj Telapashanumj Yellikud pashanamj Vellapashanum
Pashchima deshiya, 622
Pashkand, 242-See:-Kand
(varieties)
Pashuganda,387-See:-Ganda
Pasi-See:-Velam-pasi
Passi, 431
Passraikeeray,
1007-See:Keerai (varieties)
Pasteurised milk, A/176See:-Milk (varieties)
57
889
Pasupu, 415-See:-Adavipasupu; Karupasupuj Manupasupu; Kasturi pasupu

Pat, A/145j 377j 996-See:Pachapatj
Panjiri-Ka-pat;
Samandarkapatj
Parpat;
Sonpatj Sukkapat; Tejpat
Urohimahorpatj Mustanpat;
Nalitapatj Sonipatj Titapat;
Kapar-ka-pat
Pata, 334j 1134-See:-Nelampataj Bellipataj Belpata;
Dholapataj Kshetra-parpata;
Yavana-parpata
Patak-See:-Mandeki-patak
Patala, 1168
Patalagalori, 362-See :--:-Galori
Patalagandhi, 1050-See:Gandhi (varieties)
Patalagaruda, 377; 872
Patala-garudada-beru, 1050
Patalagarudi,362
Patalagarund, 1050
Paralapadmini,1108
Patalatumbari, 303
Patalbhedi, 872
Patang, 230
Patari, 763
Patasij, 524-See:-Sij (varieties)
Patchaiaressi-See:-AmumPatchaiaressi (varieties)
Patchauli, 996
Patchi-See:-Tirnut-patchi
Patch pan, 996-See:-Pan
(varieties)
Pater, 1253
Patha-See:-Laghupatha;
Ratpatha
Pathalee, 698
Pathangee, 230
Pathar-See:-Sufed pathar
Patharcheer,371
Patharingami, 1150
Patharkuchi, 371
Patharua, 1000
Pathave, 254
Patherchur, 371
890
Pathmapu-todami, 685-See:,Todami
Pathree, 1195
Pathri,728
Paththi, 587
Pathurkuchi, 716; 717
Pathya, 1205
Pati, 427-See:-Nashpati
Patichachaha, 104-See:Chaha (varieties)
Patience Vesiculeuse, 1079
Patikaram, M/2-8ee:-"Karam
Patkali, 698-See:-Kali
(varieties)
Patkarru, 1075
Patluppu, M/91-See:- Uppu
(varieties)
Patlu-uppoo, M/91-See:Uppoo
Patna Garden Opium, 916See:-Garden opium; Opium
(varieties)
Patol, 1236; 1238-See:-Bonpatol
Patola, 752; 1235; 1236-See:Adavi-patola; Dirgha-patola
Patolam-See:-Kaippampatolam
Patolamu, 1235
Patranga, 1161
Patrasnuk, 524
Patsan, 628
Patta, 377; 925-See:-Dad-Kapatta; Kaspatta; Naginkapatta
Patta-karie, 526
Pailtana, 686
Pattanga, 230
Pattarashu, 803
Pattemadarangabali, 822See: -Madarangabali ,
Patti, 208; 588-See:_;Rondapatti
Pattikaramu, M/2
Pattiri-See:-.Tadi-pattiri
Patton-ki-send, 524 J
Pattra-See:-BhujpaHfa;
Laghupattra
Pattra-banga, 138-See:Banga (varieties)

Patu-swa, 1000
Patwa,632
Patwa-ghas, 288-See:-Ghal
( varieties)
Pauri-mattaisal, 1227
Pauti,461
.
Pauttika, A/192
Pavakka-chedi, 805
Paval,805
Pavalam, 14; A/156
Pavala-Malligai, 857-See:Malligai (varieties)
~avana, 949
Pavanya, 696
Pavatay, 925
Pavattai, 925
Pavila-Kura-See:-Pedda
Pavila-Kura
Pavna, 696
Pavonia Odorante. 925
Pavuttayyayr, 925
Pawta, 461
Paya, 71-See:-Hsathanpay
Payana, 1265
Payar-See :-,-Cherupayar
Payaru, 939-See:-Kattupaytu; Pachhaipayaru; Nari
ppayaru
Payasvini, 686
Paycumuti, 335
Payen, 111-Sce:-Sam-paye:
Payen-anbhat, A/138
Paymoostey, 136
Payo, 250
Payra, A/156",
Payru-See:-Kattupayru;
Payaru
Pazham-See.:-=-Pilapazham;
Vilva-pazham; Puliyampazham; Vizhaip-pazham
Pazhamunnipala, 84
Pdlivanchi, 1079
Pea-See:-Butterfly pea;
Cadjan-pea;
Chicken-pel
COWpea; Fildpea; Garder
pea; Heart-pea; Heart's pel
INDEX
891
Peas (white & green); Peddakalavi, 277-See:Pigeon-pea; Congo-pea

Kalavi
Peaches, 1036
Peddakalinga, 448-See:Peacock, A./141; A/213-See:Kalinga
Cock (domestic)
Peddakalivipandu, 266-See:Pe-allippayam, 550
Kalivipandu; Pandu (variePeanut, 121
ties)
Pear, 1014; 1038--See:Peddamanu, 56; 57-See:Prickly-pear
Manu (varieties)
Pearl, A/208-See:-Mother of Peddamaoga, 1264-See:Pearl
Maoga
Pearl ash, M/88-See:-Ash Peddamrangu, 1048--See:(varieties)
Rangu
Pearl millet, 930-See:-Millet Pedda-neredu, 517-See:(varieties)
Neredu (varieties)
Pearl Oyster, A/2l1-See:- Peddanimba, 346-See:Oyster
Nimba (varieties)
Peas, (whHe & green) 977- Peddapala, 849-See:-Pala
See:-Pea (varieties)
(varieties)
Peatguli, 433-See:-Guli
, Pedda-palleru, 926-See:(varieties )
Palleru
Pe-Atthi, 550-See:-Atti
Peddapavila kura, 1006;(varieties)
See:-Pavila-Kura
Pe-Attiss, 550
Pedda sophora, 431-See:-:Pecari, A/202
Sophora
Pech,433
Peddavari, 529-See:-Vari
Pechak, A/l44
(varieties)
Pechi, 543; 550
Peddi, M/14
Pedalium murex-Peturagaci- Peddimari, 543-See:-Mari
gal, A/203
(varieties)
Pedalu, 1048
Peechhakam, 751
Pedaru bazara, M/97
Peelam, 273
Pedda-dhumpa, 77-See:Peelee-bootee, 8
Dhumpa
Pee-mottenga, 719-See:Pedda dosrai, 403-See:Mottenga
Dosrai
Peenathamaram, 1170-See:Pedda-elakkay,93-See:Nathamaram
Elakkay.
Peepul-See:-Anipeepul
Pedda-enuga, 817-See:Peepul Tree, 552
Enuga
Peerakai, 751-See:-Kai or
Peddagi, 1025
Kayi (varieties)
Peddagomru, 584-See:Peeram-See:-Charu~peeram
Gomru
Peeta-karabira, 849-See:Peddaib, 977
Karabira
Pedda-jilakurra, 557-See:Peetaphala, 1151
Jilakurra
Peet berela, 1134-See:Pedda-kai, 403-See:-Kai or
Berela (varieties)
Kayi (varieties)
892
Peetmalati, 702-See:Malati (varieties)

,
Peetumba, 101-See:-Tumba.
Pegwood, 520
Peiam, 876
Peikchin, 965
Pekanakai, 121l-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Pekkommatti, 335-See:Matti (varieties)
Pelargonium noc-tuolens,
A/203
Pellakkaya, 360
Pellitory, 97 -See:-Sweet
pellitory
Pe-nalivalli, 923-See:Nalivalli
Penarimara, 1170
Penari-marum,1170
Penarisangai, 892
Penarvalli, 1301
Pen-bava, 770
Pendari, 1048
Pendha, 877
Penguin, 104
Penkottai, 360-See:-Kottai
(varieties)
Penneroo-gadda, 1292-See:Gadda (varieties)
Pennywort-See:-Indian
Pennywort
Pentgul, 433; 698-See:-Gul
(varieties)
Penva, 385
Penvar-pet, 530
Pepalam, 705
Peppelu, 965
Pepper - See:- Bell-pepper;
Betel-leaf pepper; Black pepper; Brazil-:pepper; Canarese
pepper; Cayenne pe1;1per;
Cherry-pepper; Decorti~ated
pepper; Indian wild pepper;
Wild pepper; Long pepper;
Monstrous pepper; Red pepper; Spanish pepper;', Tail
pepper; White pepPEtJJ.;.-,eommon pepper
Pepper-appauli, 38
Pepper, betel leaf, 960
Pepper-corns-See:-Abortive
pepper-corns
Peppermint, 789-See:-East
Indian peppermint; Indian
peppermint
Peppirakam, 753
Pepre, 551
Pepri, 551
Peptonised milk, A/176See:-Milk (varieties)
Pepudal-See:-Kattuppepudal
Pepul, 965
Peragi, 273
Perala, 1017
Perala-hannu, 1017
Peramutiver, 925
Peramuttai, 925
Perandai-See:-Puli
perandai
Perangimuluk, 268
Perangyum, M/23
Pera-rattai, 77-See:-Ratta or
Rattai (varieties)
Perch-See:-Climbing perch
Perfoliate Soap-wort, 1,104See:-Soap-wort (varieties)
Periaitcham, 946-See:Itcham
Peria Karalai, 75-See:-Karalai
Peria reta, 77-See:-Reta
Peria-takarai, 290-See:Takarai (varieties)
Perichchangayi, 943-See:Chchangayi ~
Peri-elav, 93-See:-Elav
Perinkalak-phalam, 266See:-Phalam (varieties)
Periploca des Imdes, 619
Periya elattari, 93-See:Elattari .
Periya elimichcham, 346. See:-Elimichcham
PeriY,akanni, 1145-See:Kanni (varieties)
INDEX
Periyananka, 998 (Periyananka)-See:-Nanka

Periya yelakay, 93-Yelakay
Perlmoos, 310
Perretay-kiray, 690-See:Kiray (varieties)
Persian Lilac, 784-See:_ Lilac (varieties).
Persian Rose, 1072-See:Rose (varieties)
Persil des mardis, 935
Persimon-See:-Indian Persimon
Persische Salvadore, 1092
Peru, 1017
Perumaddi, 629-See:-Maddi
(varieties)
Perumaram, 56; 57
Perumarindu, 139
Perumaruttu, 56
Perumbe, 1011
Perunday codi, 1284-See:Codi
Peru-nerunji, 926-See:Nerunji
Perungalli, 993-See:-Galli
(varieties)
Perungayam, 537
Perungkala, 277-See:-Kala
(varieties)
Perungkayam 537-See:Kayam (varieties)
Perunkayam, 537-See:-
Kayam (varieties)
Perunpiyari, 474
Peruntutti, 8-See:-Tutti
(varieties)
Peruvian bark, 315
Peruvidukol, 161
Pesab, A/232
Pesalu,
939-See:-Pachhaipesulu
Pesulu-See:-Duntu-pesulu
Petaigagar, 440
Petari, 8; 1228
Petha, 185
Pethi, 543; 550
Petitcorossol, 115
893
Petite basilic, 864

Petitefeve, 942
Petlitige, 1266-See :---'Tige
(varieties)
Petsaprai-See:-Gerudapetsaprai
Pettaka,8
Petthan, 458
Petthri, 710
Peu t'sas, 657
Pevette, 1292
M/l16-See:Pewter-calx,
Calx
Peyara, 1017-See:-Lalpeyara
Peyppalai, 1252-See:-Palai
(varieties)
Peyt-tumatti, 335-See:Tumatti, Atti (varieties)
Peyu-padal, 1236-See:-Padal
Phagil, 807-See:-Pallephagil
Phakdi, 1286
Phala-kantak,430-See:Kantak (varieties)
Phalam, 130-See:-Dadimaphalam; Perinkalak-phalam;
Jatiphalam; Marichi-phalam;
Pitchaphalam
Phalamla, 628-See:-Amla
(varieties)
Phalangini, 770
Phalas-See:-Kala-phalas
Phalgu, 183
Phalinda, 517
Phalmodika, 686
Phalna, 593
Phalsa, 593
Phalsi, 593
Phalungu, 628
Phalwara, 178
Phamsikol, 448
Phanas, 146-See: -Manphanasa; Ranphanas
Phand,1071
Phangla, 996
Phanijivika-See:-Bala
phanijivika
Phani-manasa, 872-See:--'Manasa
894
Phanya, 804
Phaphor, 1257
Pha-rai, 338-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Pharanjamuskh,
861-See:Mushk (varieties)
Pnarbitis seeds, 688
Pharenda, 517
Pharsa, 593; 594

Pharua, 593
Pharwani, 593
Phashanveda, 573
Phataki-See:-Nayaphataki
Phatera-e-Saleyuni, 1008
Phathar-ke-phul, 922
Phatikara M/2-See:-Kara
(varieties)
Phatkari, M/2-See:-Kari
(varieties)
Phatki, M/2-See Lataphatki
Phatkiri,
M!2-See:-Lataphatkiri
Phattar-suva, 5'M-See:Suva
Phatura-Salyuna, 1008--See:Salyuna
Phausamba, 207
Phayouii, A/15I
Phenila, 1102
Philli-t~ga, 154-See:-Taga
Phirangi-nimb, 784-See:Nimb (varieties)
Phitikhari, M/2-See:-Khari
(varieties)
PhHkari, M/2-See:-Kari
(varieties)
Phiyu-See:-Thon-phiyu
Phodipan, 961-See:-Pan
(varieties)
,
Phok,486
Pholiya, 412
Phudina-See:-Basaraiphudina; Gamathi-phudina;
Pahadi pudinah; ~udinah
(varieties)
Phujpal, 1049
Phulaer, 130
Phula-geru, M/94-See:Geru (varieties)

Phulahi, 17
.
Phulkobee, 2I7-See:-Kobee;
Kobi
Phulsar N allapurugudu, 949See:-Nalla-purugudu;
Purugudu
Phulse, 130
Phulwara butter, 178-See:Butter (varieties)
Phungali,532-See:-Gali
Phut, 403
Phuti, 403
Phutiki, 593
Phutkari, 691-See:-Kari
(varieties)
Phyllanthe Emblic, 480-See:Emblic Phyllanthe
Phyllanthe multi flore, 947
Phyllanthe niruri, 947-See:Niruri (varieties)
Physic nut, 226-See:-Angular-leaved physic nut
Piaman, 518
Piasal, 1211
Piaz, 695
Piazi, 155
Pichha-See:-Erup-pichha
Pichhakam, 701
Pichulati-elai, 892-See:Elai
Pichumanthah, 776
Pichy Kusama chettu, 133See:-Kusama chettu
Pied d' elephant, 474
Pigeon, A/15S '"
Pigeon grass, 1131
Pigeonpea, 23I-See:-Pea
( varieties)
.
Pigeon's Hesh, K/l41-See:Flesh
Pijar, M/I03
Pijo<r-See:-Hastipijoo
Pikharu-vil, 14
1>ikkaruvil, 14
Pikumkai, 751-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
INDEX
895
Pikvan-See:-J angli-pikvan
Pilu, 1091; 1092-See:Chhota-pilu
Pila, 146
Pilabarela, 113~See:-Barela Piludu, 1152
Pila berela, 1134-See:-Berela Pilun-kohalun, 407-See:(varieties)
Kohalun
Pilacham, 222-See:-Cham
Pilva, 1092
Pila champa, 796-See:Pilvu, 1092
Champa (varieties)
Pimenta, 269
Pila-dhatura, 133-See:Pimpal, 552
Dhatura (varieties)
Pimp ala, 552
Pimpli, 545; 965-See: -ThoraPilajur, 334-See:-Jur
Pila-kaner, 1218-See:-Kaner
pimpli
Pilakohola, 407-See:-Kohola. Pimpri, 545; 554
Pilapazham, 146-SeePin a longues feuilles, 957; 958
Pazham
Pinasangam-koppi, 352-See:Pilaregati, 611-See:-Regati
Koppi (varieties)
Pinchu-kadukkai, 1206-See:Pilav, 146
Pilchagnadi, 338
Kaduk-kai; Kai or Kayi,
Pilchi, 1194
. (varieties)
Pile-har, 1205-See:-Har,
Pinda, 1264
Pinda haritala, M/21-See:Bal-har
Pile-hara, 1205-See:-Hara
Haritala (varieties)
Pilijari, 334; 1213-See:-Jari Pinda-karakkay, 1206-See:(varieties)
Karakkaya
Pinda-kharjura, 943-See:Pilikapas, 362-See:-Kapas
(varieties)
Kharjura
Pilikarbir, 1189-See:-Karbir Pindakhejur, 943-See:Pilikirbir, 302-See:-Kirbir
Khejur (varieties)
Pilimbi Pyllicha-kai, 163Pindalu, 450; 1048
See:....:....Kai or Kayi (varie- Pindaluka, 1048
Pindar, 121; 389
ties)
Piliya-mankena, 1256-See:- Pindara, 1228
Pinda tagara, 1189-See:Mankena
Tagara
Pilkhan, 551
Pilli-See: -Kattuppilli
Pindava, 569
Pilliadagu, 81~See:-Adagu Pindavalli, 1301
Pindi, 1081-See:-Muripindi;
Pillu-See:-Mattanga-pillu;
Telagapindi
Nonganam pillu; Shankanarupillu; Vasanepillu; Vaz- Pindichettu, 49; 543
hukkaipillu
Pindithagara, 568-See:Pilo champa, 795-See:Thagara
Champa (varieties)
Pindituka, 1264-See:-Tuka
Pilo-harde, 1205-See:-Harde Pine, 959-See:-Blue pine;
Pilo-harle, 1205-See:-Harle
Chirpine; Dingsa-pine;
Pilo-valo,107-See:-Valo
Screwpine; Fragrant screw(varieties)
pine; Khasia-pine; LongPilpil, 969
pine; Edible pine; Neozapine
Pineapple, 99-See:-Apple
Pilpita, 485
896
Piney Resin Tree, 1265-See:,

Resin tree
Pingain-See:-Kalapingain
Pinglu, 1048
Pingo, A/158
Pingri, 281
Pinidrikegide, 628
Pinjari, 1213
Pinn, 22
Pinna-mulaka 1156--See:Mulaka (varieties)
Pinnay-See:-Cherupinnay
Pin Reed grass, 1087-See:Reed grass
Pinus deodara, 295-See:Deodar
Pinza-kani-si, 1041
Pipal, 552; 629; 965-See:Gajapipal; Gajpipal; Maghzpipal; Paras-pipa1; Pareshpipal
Pipali-See:-Gajpipali
Pipaliana, 965
,
Pipalo-See :-Parusa-pipalo
Pipar-See:-Moto-pipar
Pipara, 965
Pipe Clay, M/10-See:-Clay
(varieties)
Pipe tree-See:-Pudding Pipe
tree
Pipili, 965
Pipinodo Patare, 1307
Pipla, 552
Pipla-mol, 965
Pipli, 551; 965-See:-Badipipli
Pipli-mool, 965-See:-Mool
(varieties)
Piplo-See:-Palas piplo
Pippala, 552-See:-Prua
( varieties)
965-See:-GajapipPippali,
pali; Toyapippali
Pippali-katte, 965
Pippallu,
965-See:-:Enugapippalu
Pippalyang, 1104
.''''''
Pippili-moonlam, 965
j
,I
Pippuli-See: -Karipippuli
Pipri, 651
Pipul, 552-See:-Pahari-pipul;
Palas-pipul
Pipuli-jhunjun, 394-See:Jhunjun (varieties)
Pipulka; 1163; 1164
Pipur, 552
Piralu, 1048
Pirambu, 234
Pirandal, 1284
Pirangi-chekka, 1143
Piranji, 273
Piratti-kirai, 377-See:--Kirai
(varieties)
Pirayam, 1171
Piriengo, 869
Pirina, 1270
Piriya halim, 843-See:Halim
Pisa, 38
Pishachavraksa, 57
Pishinika, 352
Pisi, 749
Pista, 975
Pistachio-nut'tree, 975
Pistah-See-Guli-pistah
Pisteh, 975
Pisunu-See:-Kondugogue
pisunu
Pitabhringi, 1291-See:Bhringi
Pita-daru, 187-See:-Daru
(varieties)
Pitai-Gajar, 440-See:-Gajar
Pita-kande, 441-See:-Kande
Pitakari, 1252--;;See:-Kari
(varieties) ,
Pitali, 1; 1228
Pitan-See,:-Sha~ar-pitan
Pitasala, 1025-See:-Sala
(varieties)
Pitch-See:-Jew's pitch;
Mineral pitch
Pitchandan,1098-See:--Chandan (varieties)
Pitchaphalam, 338-See:Phalam (varieties)
INDEX
Pithari, 580
Pithori, 691
Pitmari, 1252-See:-Mari
(varieties)
Pitosarshio, 15--See:-Sarshio
Pitpapada, 561-See:-Papada
Pitpapara, 560-See:-Ghatipithpapra; Papara (varieties)
Pitpapda, 561-See:-Papda
Pit-papra, 560; 561; 933See:-Papra (varieties)
Pitpara, 486; 561-See:-Para
( varieties)
Pit-sal, 1025-See:-Sal (varieties)
Pit shirish, 60-See:-Shirish;
Sirish (varieties)
Pittagni, 356
Pittakari,150-See:-Kari
(varieties)
Pittamari, 150-See:-Mari
(varieties)
Pittapapdo, 561-See:-Papdo
Pittavraksha, 1166
Pitti, 1266
Pittori, 1228-See:-Tori
(varieties)
Pittpapra, 842-See:-Papra
(varieties)
Pittvel, 842
Pitumma Pivelum, 14-See:Pivelum
Piturali, 356
Pitvan, 1255
Pivalabhangra,
1291-See:Bhangra (varieties)
Pivalaboel, 73-See:-Boel
(varieties)
Pivalakanher, 121S-See:Kanher
Pivalakoranta, 175-See:Koranta
Pivalakoreta, 175--See.:-
Koreta
Pivala kunchan, 183-See:Kunchan
Pivala-maka, 1291-See:Maka (varieties)
897
Pivala-sesaba, 432-See:Sesaba
Pivalavala, 107-See:-Vala
(varieties)
Pivali Siras, 215-See:-Siras
(varieties) .
Pivar, 176
Pivelum-See: -Pitumma
pivelum
Pivla-Gahu, 1244-See:Gahu
Pivla-Iotaka, 1243-See:Lotaka
Pivla-Potia, 1243-See:-Potia
Pivla-tilivana, 351-See:Tilivana
Piyabans, 175-See:-Bans
Piyaj, 63
Piyal, 221
Piyala, 221
Piyang,63
Piyar, 221
Piyas, 63
Piyaz, 63-See:-Chhoti-jungli~
pyaz; J angli-piyaz
Piyaz-i-dasht-i-hindi, 1256See:-Hindi (varieties)
Piyo, 250
Piyra, 1017
Plaksha, 543; 551; 554
Plantain, 822
Plantanier, 822
Plaque-miner visqueux, 453
Plaueminier-a-bis noir, 453
Plashi-valli, 1161
Plaster-See:-Kaat-plaster
Plaster of Paris, M/46
Plava birds, A/140-See:Birds (varieties)
Plavithil, 750
Plum-See:-Common-plum;
Black plum; Bokhara plum;
Cherry-plum; Juliana-plum;
Mauritus plum; Sapodilla
plum; Sebesten plum; Hog
plum; Indian hog-plum
Plum, Bokhara, 1014-See:Plum (varieties)
$8
THE INDLO\N MATERIA MEDICA
Plumbum, basic carbonate of,See:-Carbonate of Plumbum

Poalam, A/156
Poataley-kaiantagerai, 1291..L
See:-Kaiantagerai
. Podalimanu, 11
Podophyllum-See:-Indian
Podophyllum
Podra-See:-Futla-podra
Poduthalai, 746
Poduthuvalai, 746
Pogada, 801
Pogaku, 850
Poguntig, 166
Poi, 177
Poi-de-coeur, 272
Poischi, 311
Pois de champs, 976
Poison-See:-Serpent poison
Poison bulb, 389
Poison nut, 1175
Poi<..-re, 969
Poka, 130-See:-Telinipoka
Pokala-miri, 972-See:-Miri
( varieties j
Pokarmul, 1164
Pokharmul, 1108
PokIa, 87; 89
Poklia, 130
Pola, 633; 802-See:-Karivipola
Polam-See:-Vellaippapolam
Polatali-See:-Valuttapolatali
Poladi Gavat, 130-See:Gavat (varieties)
Polebean-See:-Lima pole
bean; Beans (varieties)
Polica, 1049
Poliyarala, 890-See:-Rala
(varieties)
Pollanuvvulu, 1126--See:Nuvvulu
Pomegranate, 1031
.u...- Pomelo, 345
Pomme d' Adami, SOO,
1\
Pomme de terre, 1154

Pomponia, 876
Pomushtie, 334
Pona-See:-Uppu-pona
Ponagantikura, 84-See:Kura (varieties)
Pond fish, A/214--See~-Fish
(varieties)
Pondgandhari, 91
Pondi,235
Pongalam, 1036
Pongara, 508
Pongikan-See:-Palog-pongikan
Pongnyet, 236
Ponkaram, M/I03-See:Karam.
Ponkoranti, 1089-See:Koranti
Ponmootootai, 334
Ponna-See:-Kolakuponna, .
Kolaponna, Kolkuponna,
Neelaponna
Ponnachettu, 236
Ponnakum, 236
Ponnangannikkirai, 84-See:-Kirai (varieties)
Ponnan-kottai, 1103-See:Kottai (varieties)
Ponnantakara, 290-See:Takara (varieties)
Ponnavarai, 290-See:Varai (varieties)
Ponnaveeram, 289
Ponnavirai, 289
Ponnavirum, 284
Ponnavittulu, 236-See:Vittulu (vari'eties)
Ponnu, M/32
Ponnummattum,~ 133
Pontaletsche, 731 Pooga, 130
Poogamu,11
Poola, 208; ~05-See:-Neer:
poola
Poolai, 49
'Poonaikkali, 818-See:-Kali
(varieties)
INDEX
Poondu-See:-Ulli-poondu
Poongankottai, 1103-See:Kottai (varieties)
Poongan-kottay, 1103-See:Kottay
Poongarai, 1047-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Poont, 1075
Poon tree, 1170
Poonu, 868
Poor, 207
Pooshalni, 407
Pootri-See:-Kunki-pootri
Poottie-See:-Neri-poottie
Poovalai, 255
Popai, 273
Popaiyah, 273
Popata, 869
Popli, 889
Popnus, 345
Poppaye-phal, 273
Poppayi, 273
Poppy-See:-Mexican poppy;
Red poppy; White poppy;
Prickly-poppy
Poppy capsules-See: -Opium
Poppy capsules
Poppy seeds, 901
Poprang, 578
Porash, 629
'Porcelain clay, M/7-See:Clay (varieties)
Porcelaneous shells, A/15SSee:-Shell (varieties)
Poris, 630
Porish, 630
Pork, A/141
Poroh, 547
Porphyry, M/93
Porrilaikyan, 471
Portia tree, 629
Porush, 629
Poshkar, 1125'
Poshta-See:-Lal poshta;
Posta-katol
Postakachedi-See:-Shivappu-postakachedi
899
Posta-katdl, 901-See:-Lalposhta
.
Posta-kaye-chettu-See:.Erra-posta-kaye-chettu
Posthakkai, 902-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Postil, 1197
Posto-dheri, 901
Potaki, 177
Potal, 1236
Potala, 1236
Potaree,8
Potari, 8; 633
Potash, M/88
Potash carbonate impure,
M/88-See:-Impure potash
carbonate; Carbonate of
Potassium
Potash nitrate-See:-Nitrate
of Potash
Potassic carbonate, M/8SSee:-Carbonate potassic
Potassium carbonas impura,
alkali, M/109
Potassium carbonate-See:Impure potash ca:r;bonate or
Impure potassium carbonate
Potassium tartrate-See:Tartrate of potassium
Potassium citrate-See:Citrate of potassium
Potassium nitrate, M/91See:-Nitrate
of potash;
potash nitrate
Potassium fluoride-See:Fluoride of Potassium
Potate de Malaga, 684
Potato, 1154-See:-Goapotato; Sweet-potato;
Telugu potato
Pothondi, 1169
Potia-See:-Pivla-potia
Poti-kunda, 94-See:-Kunda
(varieties)
Potla-See: -Adavi-potla:
Chaynd-potla; Cheti-potla;
Kommupotla; Lingapotla
Potlakaya, 1234
900
Potlunu, Ml91
Potol, 1236
Potolam-See:-Kattupotolam
Pottai-gummadi, 408-See:Gummadi (varieties)
Pottakavalam, 1170
Pottibudamu, 820
Pottidumpa, 579
Pottil-uppu, M/91-See:_U ppu (varieties)
Potu-gally-gista, 394
Pouzera Madani, M/97-See:
-Madani (varieties)
Povalay, A/156
Powdered milk, A/175-See:Milk (varieties)
Powdered Talc, M/123-Talc
(varieties)
Prabhoo-nata, 291-See:Nata (varieties)

Prachinamalaka, 554
Pactige Kostwur, 385
Practige Kostwurz, 1108
Pralakalu, 407
Prangi-kayee, 99-See:Xayee or Kai or Kayi
( varieties)
Frangos, 1008
Pranijivika, 1134
Prasaha birds, A/140-See:Birds (varieties)
Prasaram, 892
Prasarini, 691; 892-See:Gandha-prasarini
Prasarinijati, 892
Prashni, 976
Prasniparni, 125S-See:Parni (varieties)
Prathusimbhi, 876-See:_,.
Simbhi
Pratilasa, 847
Pratti-See:-Adavi-pratti
Pratuda birds, A/140-See:Birds ( varieties)
,
Pravala, A/156,-See:-Vala
(varieties)
Prawn, A/212
Prayam, 1171
Prepared Suet, A/229-See:Suet
Prickly chaff-flower, 21-See:
-Chaff-flower
Prickly-leaves elephant's foot
-See:-Elephant's foot;
'l'elugu potato, 94; 474
Prickly or Mexican poppy, 133
-See:-Poppy (varieties)
Prickly-pear, 872-See:-Pear
Prickwood, 520
Prince-See:-Black prince
Prince's feathers, 90-See:Feathers
Priya, 700-See:-Bhishakpriyaj Halipriya; Kapi-priya;
Ravi-priya; Vishnu-priya
Priyangu, 56; 1015
Pcoperly cast-iron, MISSSee:-Iron; Cast-iron;
Wrought-iron
Proshti, A/214
Protein milk, A/176-See:Milk (varieties)
Prunes, 1015
Prunier I'Inde, 554
Pruthushrangi, lS-See:Shrangi
Puarasu, 630
Fuca, 949
Puchcha-See:-Adavipuchcha; Eti-puchcha; Verripuchcha
Puchie-See:-Putloo-puchie
Pudal, A/167; 1234
Pudang, 790
r
Pudding pipe tree, 285-See:Pipe tree
Pudel, 1235
Pudina-See:-Pahadi-pudina
Pudinah, 788-See:-Basarai
phudina; Pahadi pudina;
Gamathi phudina
Pudu, 1277
Pugaielai, 850
Pugere, 850
Puis-tarinai, A/206
c_
INDEX
Puka~ola, 850
Pukayila, 850
Pulagam-See:-Mutheera
pulagam
Pulagamuchettu-See: Muttava-pulagamuchettu
Pulaguwa, 949
Pulam kizhanma, 1095-See;Kizhanma
Pu]an-kizhanga, 418-See:Kizhanga
Pulan-kizhanna, 418--See:Kizhanna
Pulantic, 63
Pulavayr-puttay, 949-See:Puttay
Puleechash tree, 561
Puli, 1191-See:-Korakpuli;
Kuruka-puli;
Ottam-puli;
Paparapuli; Punampuli;
Punarpuli
Puliakire, S90-See:-Kire
Pulia-rai-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Pulichai-keera, 628-See:Keera; 'Seemai pulichai
keera
Puli-cheera, 632
Pulichevidu, 687
Pulichi, 628
Pulichintaku, 890
PulHmada, 1283-See:-Mada
(varieties)
Puli-naravi, 1284-See:Naravi
Puli perandai, 1284-See:Perandai
Pulivanji, 392
Puliyam-palam, 1191
Puliyam-pazham, 1191-See:Pazham (varieties)
Puliyan, 1191
Puliyarai, 890-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Pulla bachchali, 1284-See:Bachali
Pulla gummidi, 185--See:Gunmudi (varieties) .
001
Pullampurachi, 890-See:Purachi
Pullate-See :-Cheru-pullate
Pulluri, 1277
Pul-sathi, 1295-See: -sathi
Pulusukayulu, 163
Pulut,877
Pumag, 236
Pumagamu, 236
Pwnaram, 1114
Pumel, 345
Pumi-chakarei, 760-See:Chakarei
Pumpkin-See: -Benares
pumpkin; Great pwnpkin;
Melon-pumpkin; Whitepumpkin
Punaka-pundu, 1081-See:Pundu (varieties)
Punali,433
Punampuli 566---See:-Puli
( varieties)
Punarnaba, 203
Punarnava, 202; 203; 1228
Punarnavi, 1228
Punarpuli, 565-See:-Puli
(varieties)
Punatsu, 1262
Pundi, 628-See:-Sanabinapundi
Pundibija, 632
Pundisoppu, 632
Pundrika, 1264
Pundu-See: - Vallaipundu;
Mukuthipundu; Vellapundu; Kanchipundu
Keerippundu; Punakapundu
Puney-See:-Prmugu-puney;
Sawad-puney
Pungam-Maram, 1001
Pung-matheing, 201
Punir, 1291
Punji-See:-Shimaepunji
Punm~shtic, 334
Punnag, 235; 236-See:-Nag
( varieties)
~02
Punnaga, 235; 236; 860-See:

-Naga (varieties)
Punnagam, 235-See:-Nagam
(varieties)
Punnag champa, 79-See:Champa (varieties)
Punnagum, 236-See:Nagum
Punnaivirai, 236-See:-Virai
(varieties)
Punnangkottai, 1l03-See:Kottai (varieties)
Punti fi:.h, A/215-See:-Fish
(varieties)
Punti-machh, A/214-See:Machh
Punuga majar, A/234-See:Majar
Punugina-Bekku, A/234-See:
-Bekku
Punugu-puney, A/234-See:Puney,
Punyalytha, 407
Purachi-See:-Pullampurachi
Puramutti, 1251-See:-'
Amutti & Mutti (varieties)
Purandai, 1284
Purandan-See:-Kiripurandan
. Purbia, 1126
Pure flint, M/93-See:-Flint
Pure tin, Mll16-See:-Tin
(varieties)
Purgative croton, 396-See:Croton
Purging Cassia, 285-See:Cassia (varieties)
Purhali-hullu, 104
Purhar, 986
Purified French chalk,- M/123
-See:-Chalk (varieties)
Purified internal fat of the' hog,
A/136-See:-Fat of the hog
Purified Nitre, M/91-See:Nitre (varieties)
Purified ox-gall, A/161-See:Ox-gall (varieties)
Purified Silajit, M/2~ee:-
J_-
.'
Silajit; Shodhita
Purified Talc, M/123-See:Talc (varieties)
Purple chilli, 270-See:Chilli (varieties)
Purple Fleabane, 1267-See:Fleabane (varieties)
Purple flowe~, 689
Purple Techrosia, 562-See:Tephrosia
Purpur-See:-Misur-purpur.
Purpuray-timur, 1303-See:Timur
\
Purslane, 1007-See:-Garden
purslane Purslane (varieties)
Pursung, 630
Purtuk, 157
Puruga-See:-Cochinilpurugu
Purughu-See:-Puttoo
purughu
Purugudu-See:-Nallapurugudu (varieties)
Purukolli, 1059
Puruni-sag, 1005-See:-Sag
(varieties)
Purus-See:-Ratan-purus
Purutti, 587
Purvarasam, 630
Purvu-See:-Erra-purvu
Pushara, M/103
Pushkara, 385-See:-Padmapushkara
Pushkaramoola, 385-See:Moola (varieties)
Pushkaramula, 694-See:Mula (varieties)
Pushpa rakta; 932
Pushpi-See:~Arka-pushpi,
Vrihatpushpi; Dronapushpi;
Nilpushpi; Raktapushpa
Pu.shpi,ka-&e:-Sukra~(
pushpika; Arkapushpika
Pusini, 407-See:-Nallapusini
Puskara, 1108
Pusku, 1114
Pussar,271
INDEX
Puta-jan, 1036-See:-Jan
(varieties)
Putali-See Velley-putali
Puta-tiga, 760-See:-Tiga
. (varieties)
Putch-See:-Tambaga-putch
Puthorin, 952
Putika, 178
Putikaranja, 226-See:-:
Karanja
Putlani, 1319 /
Putla-podra, 596-See:Podra
Putloo puchie, A/145-See:Puchie
Putol-See:- Kote Putol
Putrada, 764
Putrajanvi, 545
Putra-jiv8, 1036
Putrajuvi, 545-See:-Juvi
(varieties)
Putranjiva, 1036
Putta~podara-ejarala, 468; 1262
Puttay-See:- PulavCiyarputtay
Puttikai, 402-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Puttiyana, 788
Puttla, 1234
Puttoo purughu, A/145-See:
-Purughu
Putty, M/132
Puva, 1114
Puvandi, 1103
Puvankurutala, 1270
Puvarasu, 1218
Puvati, 846
Puvenagah, 1107
Puvvarashah, 630
Pyaj, 63
Pyal-chari, 221
pyara, 1017
. Pyaungboo, 1304
Pya-ya, A/191
Pyaz-See:-Piyaz (varieties)
Pyintagar-ne-thi, 1041
Pyinyoung, 543
Pylee, 676
903
Pyoung, A/146
Pyre-See:-Tulka-pyre;
Pani-pyre
Pyrltes-See:-Iron pyrites;
Copper pyrites
Pyroborate, M/103
Pyroborate of Sodium-See:Sodium pyroborate
Qasab,l72
Qasabuzzarirah, 101; 1184
Qimaq, A/179
Qishrul-khash-khash, 902See:-Khash-khash
Quaker Button, 1175-See:Button
Quakilahe-kalan, 93
Quakilahe-kibar, 93
Qualami, 328
Quassia wood, 1040
Queckenwuezel, 56
Quicklim,e, M/44-See:-Lime
(varieties)
Quick lime shell, M/45.:_see:.
-Lime-shell; Shell
(varieties)
Quicksilver, M/67-See:Silver
Quince, 1038-See:-Bengat
quince
Quinin~e:-Garden
quinine
Quisaul-barri, 805-See:Barri
Quitch, 56
Ra, 1300
Rabbit, A/191
Rabi-See:-Khol rabi
Rachandana, 1026
Racha-neredu, 517-See:
Neredu (varieties)
Racha Usherihe, 163-See:Usherihe
904
Racine de Foughere Male, 467

-See:-Male Racine' de I
Foughere
Radhuni, 280
Radim-el-bint, 469
Radish, 1049-See:-Garden,
radish; Hose-radish; Ind:i.an
radish; Long-podded radish
Rae-See: -Banarsi-rae
Rae Champac, 795-See:Champac
Raelachettu, 285
Ragatorohado, 1266
Ragha, 3-See:-Chili ragha
Ragi, M/47; 477-See:Naviragi
Ragulu,477
Raham-See:-Teka-raham
Rahmapliel, 115
Rahu, A/215
Rai, 215; 216; 448; 552; 140See:-Asar-rai; Basrai;
Dhop-raij Kalo-rai; Krishnrai
Makra-rai;
Pha-rai;
Vaellarai or VaTIarai;
Poongarai; Puliarai; Shindilshakkarai; Sufedrai; Thurai;
Tuvarai
Raia, 1131
Raifort culaive, 1049
Raiga, 552
Raihane Qaranfulli, 864
Rai-jaman, 518-See:Jaman
Raikura, 699-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Raila-baha, 176
Raisarisa, 1140-See:-Sarisa
Raisarisha, 215-See:Sarisha (varieties) ,
Rai-sa1,"son, 216-See:Sarson (varieties)
Raish,459
Raisins, 1285
Raitung, 1062-See:-Tung
Raja-adana, 84-See:-.t\.dana
Rajadani, 802
Rajagro, 89
"
Raja-kaseruka, 1117
Raja-koshataki, 752-See:Koshataki (varieties)
Raj amasa, 460
Rajamashai 459; 1272-See:Masha (varieties)
Rajana, 610; 698
Raj ani, 414
Rajanigandha, 997-See:Gandha (varieties)
Rajanikasa, 857-Kasa
(varieties)
Rajaphala, 516
Rajaputrika, 950
Rajarah-Kalijya, 120
Rajasarsapa, 1140
Rajata, M/13
Rajatarini, 1073
Rajavraksha, 285
Rajeli, 822
Rajgira, 89
Rajgiri, 89
Rajika, 215; 477; 1140
'Raj Kel', 822-See:-Kel
(varieties)
Raju-See:-Sugandha-Raju
Rakanpashana, M/95-See:Pashana (varieties)
Rakas-gaddah, 219-See:Gaddah
Rakkasa-gida-See:-Balarakkasi-gida
Rakashimatalu, 54
Rakaspattah, 54
Rakta.ichandana, 1025-See:Chandana (varieties)
Raktachitraka, 988-See:Chitraka (va;rieties)
Rakta-gandhamu, 1026-See:Gandhamu ~
Raktagarba; 730 Rakta-jhav, 1193-See:Jhav
'
Raktaka, 932
Rakta-kamal, 859-See:_ Kamal (varieties)
Rakta-kambal,8S0
Rakta Kambul, 39
INDEX
Rakta-kanchan, 182; 184- ~

See:-Kanchan (varieties)
Raktakeru, 529
Raktalu, 451-See:-Alu
(varieties)
/
Raktanag, M/86-See:-Nag
(varieties)
Raktapita, 1266
Raktapolam, 75
Rakta-posta, 901
Raktapushpa, 847-See:Pushpa-rakta
Raktarjuna, 1198-See:Arjuna
Rakta-rohida, 94; 1000; 1055See:-Rohida
Rakta-sarsapa, 1139-See:Sarsapa
Raktasarshapa, 214-See:Sarshapa
Rakta shalmali, 207-See:Shalmali (varieties)
Rakta-shikha, 988-See:Shikha
Raktata, 698
Rakta-til, 1126-See:~Til
(varieties)
Raktavalli, 1266
Raktavindachada, 529
Raktavindu, 764
Raktavinduchada, 526
Raktazoar, 1055
Rakto-chita, 989-See:Chita (varieties)
Raktochitra, 988
Rakto-pui, 178
Raktotpal, 859-See:-Pal
(varieties)
Ral, 800; 1132; 1265
Rala, 897; 1131-See:Poliyarala
Rala-arlu, 800-See:-Arlu
Raldhup, 254-See:-Dhup
(varieties)
Ralla-sunnamu, M/44-See:Sunnamu
RaIle, 898
Ralli,965
58
90i
Ral-yahudi, M/23-See:Yahudi
Ramachham, 109
Ramakrot, 61-See:-Akrot
(varieties)
Ram;9.la, 387-See:-Ala
(varieties)
Ram-anjir, 551-See:-Aniir
(varieties)
Ramatta, 537-See:-Atta;
Sanatta
Rambal, 550-See:-Bal
(varieties)
Rambana, 1253
Ram-begun, U49-See:Begun (varieties)
Rambha, 822
Ramboutan, 846
Rambutan, 846
Rametha, 725
Rafuguoah, 281
Rami, 725
"'Ram Kel", 822-See:-Kel
(varieties)
Ram-limbi, 742-See:-Limbi
(varieties)
Ram Hmbu, 742-See:Limbu (varieties)
Ramoongie, 811
Rampatri, 834
Rampha, 448
Ram-phal, 115; 834
Ramsalik, A/1S6
Ramsar, 468; 1082; 1087; 1262
-See:-Sar (varieties)
Ram-seetapandu, US-See:Seetapandu; Pandu (varieties)
Ram-sitaphalam, l1S-See:Sitapalam
Ramtal, 595-See:-Tal
(varieties )
Ramtil, 59S-See:-Til
(varieties)
Ram-torai, 751-Se"e:-Torai
Ram-tulasi, 862; 863-See:Kattu ram-tulasi; Tulasi
(varieties)
906
Ramturai, l-See:-Turai
(varieties)
Ranabheri, 735
Ranachandal, 331
Ranacha-padavali, 1235-See:
-Padavali
Ranaganja, 1255-See:Ganja (varieties)
Ranaguva, 422
RanakaJli; 716-See:-Kalli
(varieties)
Ranamba, 748; 1166-See:Amba (varieties)
Rana-vara, 284-See:-Vara
(varieties)
Ranbhendi, 629; 630-See:Bhendi (varieties)
Ranbhendo-See:-Hodlo
Ranbhendo; Bhendo
(varieties )
Ran-bhopla, 722-See:Bhopla (varieties)
Ranchimani, 101-See:Chimani
Randhoni, 280
Randhuni, 119
Randodaki, 925
Randraksh, 1283-See:-
Ranghol, 1007-See:-Ghol
(varieties)
Rangi Basri, 552-See:-Basri
Rangini-See:-Kusarrangini
Rangkain, 859
Rangoon bean, 938-See:Beans (varieties)
Rangoon Creeper, 1046
Rangoon malli, 1046-See:Malli (varieties)
Rangret, 1055
Rangu-See:-Peddamrangu
Rangunu malli chettu, 1046
Ranhalad, 414-See:-Halad
(varieties)
Ran-hald, 414
Raniphul, 1000
Ranjai, 350-See:--Jai
(varieties)
Ranjan, 39-See:-Kesaranjan;
Jan (varieties)
Ranjana, 802
Ranjanasal, 801-See:-Asal
Ranje, 801
Rankapus, 5&8-See:-Kapus
(varieties)
Ran-methi, 446-See:-Methi
Draksh
(varieties)
Ran-erandi, 705; 706-See:,- Ranmethy, 393-See:-Methi
Erandi (varieties)
(varieties)
Rang, M/116-See:-Balirang; Ranmogri, 702-See:-Mogri
Talmorang; Shay-rang;
(varieties)
Tamarang
Ranmug, 940-See :-Mug
Ranga, M/l16-See:-Macch(varieties)
ranga; Karmaranga; Nag- Ranparul, 1235-See:-Parul
ranga
,
Ran-phanas, 14'5-See:Ranga-alu, 684-See:-Alu
Phanas (varieties)
(varieties)
Ransher, 1106-See:-Sher
Rangamali, 199
Ran-shevri, 1129--See:Rangan, 698; 699
She,vri
Rangan-ki-bel, 1046-See:Ran-ta-hac,lu, M/32
Bel (varieties)
Ranga-shiraz, 1315-See:Ran-tankala, 290-See:Shiraz
.
Tankala
Rangchul, 520
Rantikhi, 1142-See:-Tikhi
Ran-tondala, 300-See:Ran-ghevada, 424-S~
Tondala
Ghevda (varieties)'
.,
INDEX
Ran-tulasi, 861-See:-Tulasi
(varieties)
Rantupkada, 1256-See:Tupkada
Ran-turai, 753-See:-Turai
( varieties)
Ranukabija, 1277
Rape seed, 214
Raputagepinvar, 475
Rasa, M/67; 333-See:Zaharasa
Rasadiya, Ml68
Rasagadi-manu, 1156
Rasagandha, 170-See:Gandha (varieties)
Rasaka, M/131
Rasakinda, 356
Rasalah, 1083
Rasamala, 86
Rasamalla, 747-See:-Malla
Rasan, 683
Rasas, M/116
Rasashodhan, MI101
Rasaut, 187
Rasayana-taru, 363
Rasbija, 651
Rash-trakam, 77
Rasna, 77; 1088; 1263
Rasnah,77
Rasna Nai, 1263-See:-Nai
(varieties)
Rasonam, 65
~spberry, 1077-See:-Black
Raspberry; Berries or Berry
(varieties)
,
Rassam, M/68
Rasun, M/65
Raswal,823
Rataba, 213
Rata-dummula, 167-See:Dummula
Rata-kaju, 121-See:-K~ju
Ratakakuna, 658
Ratali, 684
Ratalio, 746
Ratalu, 451; 684-See:-Alu
(varieties)
907
Ratamba, 566-See:-Amba
(varieties)
Ratambasal, 566-See:-Amba_
sal.
Ratambu-sala, 566-See:-Sala
(varieties)
Ratanalli, 163-See:-Alli
Ratanhia, 1161
Ratanili, 1026-See:-Nili
(varieties)
Ratanjot, 871
Ratan-purus, 683-See:Purus
Ratavilo, 746
Rathoh, 1103
Rati, 5
Ratisurkh,1233-See:Surkh (varieties)
Ratkihiri, 11
Ratnagandi, 230-See:-Gandhi (varieti~s)
Ratnitul, 989
Ratobaval, 16-See:-Baval
(varieties)
Ratolia, 746
Ratop,770
Ratoshemalo, 208
Ratpatha, 58-See:-Patha
(varieties)
Ratrinta, 1159
Ratta or Rattai-See:-Chittaratta or Chittrattai; Perarattai; Shamberattai; Tamaratta or Tamarattai
Rattanjog, 112
Rattanjot, 705; 1274
Rattankat, 1060
Rattle-snake, A/228-See:Snake
Rattonjot, 1008
Ratum, 748
Raudhuni, 280
Rauhhaarige :Bohne, 939
Ravacula, 713
Ravan-pudya, 689
Ravarapatri, 689
Rave, 1049
908
Ravi, M/47; 552-See:---Gangaravi; Kulla-ravi; Munigangaravi

I
Ravi-chettu, 552
Ravipriya, 776-See:-Priya
(varieties)
Rawan, 726
Raw silk cocoon, A/145See:-Cocoon; Silk cocoon
Rayan, 215; 802; 1140
Raziyanje-khatai, 675--See:Khatai (varieties)
Realgar, M/19
Rechanaka, 760
Recine de Salsepareille, 619
Red algae, 571-See:Algae (varieties)
Red bole, M/lO-See:-Bole
(varieties)
Red chalk, M/42-See:Chalk (varieties)
Red cowries, A/l58-See:Cowries (varieties)
Red Creeper, l266-See:Creeper
Red currants, 1065-See:Currants (varieties)
Red earth, M/95-See:-Earth
( varieties)
Red gourd, 407-See:-Gourd
(varieties) .
.
Red jasmine, 6l7-See:. Jasmine (varieties)
Red Lead, M/8f}-See:-Lead
(varieties)
Red Mango, 566-See:Mango (varieties)
Red ochre, M/7. MilO; M/42See:-Ochre Ruddle'
(varieties)
Red orpiment, M/l~ee:
Orpiment
Red Oxide of lead, M/8SSee:-Oxide of lead; Leadoxide
V
Red pepper, 268-See:-:;;=.- ~
Pepper (varieties)
..
, I
Red Poppy, 9Ol-See:Poppy (varieties)

Red Rose, l073-See:-Rose
(varieties)
Red-sage, l094-See:-Sage
(varieties)
Red Sandalwood, l025-See:Sandalwood
Red Sanders, l025-See:Sanders
Red silajit, M/23-See:Silajit (varieties)
Red Sorrel, 632-See:Sorrel (varieties)
Red sulphide ash,-See:Hingu! bhasma, M/72
Red talc, M/l23-See:-Talc
(varieties)
Red Teff Grass, 503-See:Teffgrass
Red toon, 294-See:-Toon
Redwood tree-See:-Indian
Redwood tree
Red Yam, 45l-See:-Yam
(varieties)
Reed grass-See:-Pin Reed
Grass
Reetah, 13
Regati-See:-Pilaregati
Rege mahi, A/170-See:Mahi (varieties)
Regmahi, A/19l-See:Mahi (varieties)
Regu, 13l6-See:-Kanregu
Reha, M/lOO
Relagujju, 285
Religioser FiegWlbaum, 552
Renga-See :-N'allarenga
Rennet, A/2lB--.See:-Vegetable rennet
Rennin, A/2l8
Renu, 580-See:-Gangarenu
Renuk,960'
Renuka, 960
Reptiles, A/217
Resenrothe Bleiwurz, 988
Reshai-i-Khitame, 84
Resham-na-potan, A/l45
INDEX
Resh-i-Wala, 1260
Reshmi-cbi-keed, A/145
Reshmi-hula, A/145
Reshmiki-keedi, A/145 Keedi
Resin-See:-Cambi resin
Resin tree-See:-Piney Resin
tree
Ressas; M/83
Reta-See:-Peria reta
Retinagakesara, 860-See:Kesara; Nagakesara, Nag
Kesara; Sinhakesara
Retsamaram, 1303
Revachini, 565-See:- Chini
(varieties)
Reval-chini, 1056-See :-Chini
(varieties)
Revalchini-pal,565-See:Pal (varieties)
Revanchini-See:-Banglarevanchini
Revand-cliini, 1056-See:Chini (varieties)
Rhabarber, 1056
Rhadchampo, 993-See:Champo (varieties)
Rhee, 957
Rhetsa-maram, 1303
Rheucbini, 1056-See:Chini (varieties)
Rbi, 957
Rhinoceros-See:-Geat Onehorned Rhinoceros
Rhizome de Chiendent, 56
Rhubarb-See:-Himalayan
Rhubarb; Indian Rhubarb
Rhubarb de perse, 1056
Rhus sugandpi, 107-See:Sugandhi (varieties)
. Ribbed Luffa, 751-See:Luffa (varieties)
Rice, 877-See:-Fermented
rice
Ricin, 1065
Ricinus, 1065
Riddhi, 756
Riesenkurbis, 407
909
Rihana-See:~Tukhm.-i
rihana
Rikhai, 1196
Rinbadam, 422-See:Badam
Ringani, 1149-8ee:- Bhoringani; Bhuiringni; Bhumiringani; Kanteringani Motiringani; Ubhiringani
Ringni, 1156--See:- Bhuringni
Ringri, 166
Ringworm shrub, 283
Rintya-rooku, 1103
Riong 771
Rirga, 923
Rishabha, 756
Rispiger Myrobala-nenbaum,
1205
Ritha, 13; l102-See:Bara Ritha
Riti, 128
Rival-chinipal, 565-See:Chinipal
River-fish, A/213-See:Fish (varieties)
Roatanga, 1114
Rock anethum, 580-See:Anethum
Rocket, 506
Rockmoss, 922-See:-Moss
(v;arieties )
Rocksalt, M/89; MilOSSee:- Salt (varieties)
Rocou, 199
Roeen, M/4S
Rogani-See:-Katukarogani
Rogan-i-balsan, 171-See:Balsan
Roghane-kunjad, 1127
Roghani zaghira, 743-See:. Zaghira
Rohan, 1161
Rohee fish, A/2l5-See:Fish (varieties)
Rohida-See:-Rakta-rohida
Rohina, 1161
910
Rohini, 1161-See:-Kadugu- I
rohini; Katukarohini; Kahlrohini
Rohira, 1197
Rohita, AI215-See:Lobeorohita
..
Rohitaka, 94
Rohitaka fish, A/159-See:Fish (varieties)
Rohu fish, A/215- See:Lobearohu, Fish (varieties)
Rohuna, 1161
Rojappu, 1072
Roja-puVll, 1072
Rojen-See :-Nallarojen
Rojiacha-phul, 1190
Rojmari, 20-See:-Mari
(varieties)
Romakanta, M/55-See:Kanta (varieties)
Roman vitriol, M/52-See:Vitriol (varieties)
Rondapatti, 629-See:-Patti
Rongdi,433
Roosa grass, 107
Rosachettu, 113
Rosalgar, M/19
Rosa moschata, A/203
-See:-Moschata
Rosary, 863
Rose:-See:-Bisamrose; Cabbage-Rose; China or Ch41ese
Rose;
Rose - de - Chi n e
Damask - R 0 s e;
French
Rose; Red rose; Hundredleaved Rose; White Rose;
Musk-scented Rose; Paeoney
Rose; Persian Rose; Indian
white rose
Rose Apple, 518-See:Apple (varieties)
Rosebay-See:-East Indian.
Rosebay; Indian Rosebay
Roseberry Spurge, 847-See:Spurge (varieties)
"
Rose-coloured Lead-wort 988See :-Lead-wort; W lri1 elead-wort
t,
Rose de Chine, 631-See:Chinese Rose; China Rose

Rose (varieties)
Rose malloes, 747
Rosenapfel J ambuse, 518
Rosen artig'e Ketmie, 631
Rosewood, 432
Rosha grass, 104
Roshel, 111
Roshunia, 1164
Rosier Musque, 1073
Rosinen, 1285
Rossolis en-bouclier, 465
Rothe Sabderiffe, 632
Roti-See:-Wander-roti
Rotka, 477
Rottlera, 760
Rough Chaff tree, 21-See:Chaff-tree
Round Leaf Sundew, 465See:-Leaf-Sunde*
Round Zedoary, 418 -See:Zedoary (varieties)
Royal, 1286
Rozelle lIemp, 632-See:Hemp (varieties)
Rozi, 59:L
Ruaghas, 111
Rubabarik, 1148
Rubber-tree-See:- Assam
rubber-tree
Rubenrettig, 1049
Rubhae-soos, 582
Rubra Bole-See:-Bole
rubra
Rubussusa, 582
Ruddle or Red .>chre, M/95See:-Ochre (varieties)
Rudhrapushpa,630
Rudrajata, -139
Rudrak, 173
Rudrakai, 47~ee:-Kai or
Kayi (vafieties )
Rudraksh, 473
Rudraksha, 473
Rudrakshi, 595
Rudrakshkamba, 118
RudrakYa, 473
INDEX
Rudranti, 388
Rue-See:-Garden rue;
Syrian rue; Wall-rue
Rugtrora, 1197
Ruhiumula, l39-See:-Mula
(varieties)
Rui,587
Rui-machh, A/2l5-See:Madill (varieties)
Rukh-alu, 721; 1054-See:Alu and Aloo (varieties)
Rukhtopuri, 177
Ruktamukta, 230-See:Mukta
Ruktasimal, 207
Rumadi, 548
Rumbal,548
Rumdi-rooku, 548
Rumi-See:-Sakir-rumi
Rumi Mastaki, 973-,-See:Mastaki ,
Rum,i-mastungi, 973-See:Mastungi
Runner-Bean-See:-Scarlet
Runner Bean; Beans
(varieties)
Rupa, M/13
Rupeh, M/14
Rupun, M/14
Rupya, M/13
Rus, 40
Rush-See:-Sweet-rush
Rusmari, 1074-See:-Mari
(varieties)
Russian musk, A/197-See:Musk (varieties)
,
R~ssian Sun-flower, 592See:-Sun-flower.
Rutthraksham, 473
Ruvi,237-
Saatar, 1304
Sabajhi, 861
Sabbajaya, 255
Sabbasige 557; 935
Sabiralachettu, 892
911
Sabli-fish, A/2l5-See:-Fish
(varieties)
Sabuni, 1104-Lal sabuni;
Lovet Sabuni
Sabuni Lal, 1228-See:- La!
sabuni; Lovet sabuni
Sabusie, 1104
Sabz-See:-Zake-sabz
Sabza, 861
Sabzah, 861
Sacred If'ig, 552-See:-Fig
(varieties)
Sacred kusagrass, 994-See:Kusagrass
Sacred Lotus, 844-See:Lotus (varieties)
Sadab, 1081-See:-Burgsadab
Sadabherenda, 1065-See:Bherendra
Sadachandan, 1098-See:Chandan (varieties)
Sadada, 1211
Sada-dhatura, 440-See:Dhatura (varieties)
Sadado, 1198
Sadaf, A/I58
Sadah-dhatura, 434-See:Dhatura (varieties)
Sada hurhuria, 599-See:Hurhuria
Sada kufee, 428-See:Kufee
Sada Kuppa, 935-See:Kuppa (varieties)
Sadamandi, 485 -See:-Mandi
Sadamusli, 411-See:-Musli
(varieties)
Sadapaha, 1081
Sadapaka, 1081
Sadaphal, 345
Sadaphala, 363
Sadar, 1211
Sadavari, I54-See:-Vari
(varieties)
Sad eva, 1137
Sadkoofi,446-See:-Koofi
Sadori, 1270
912
Sadra-See:-Arjuna sadrq
Safed sarsu, 50S-See:Sarsu
Sadulkou, 787
Safed Savara, 505--See:Safarchand, 1039-See:Savara (varieties)
Chand (varieties)
Safargang -See:-Seb-safarSafedsimul,505-See:gang
Simul
Safeda, 1005
Safed-siris, 61-See:-Siris
Safed Aghedo, 21-See:(varieties)
Aghedo
Safed tekar, 353-See:Safed ak, 242-See:-Ak
Tekar (varieties)
Safed Babul, 16-See ;-Babul; Safed-todri:-See:-Todri
Gandbabul; Safed babul;
Safed
. Safedvelchi, 822-See:- VelVilayati-babul
chi (varieties)
Safed bahman, 299-See:Bahman
Safed-Zake-See:-ZakeSafed berela, 1137"'-see;Safed
Safeta musli, 151-See:Berela (varieties)
Sufed musU; MusH
Safed Chandan, 1098-See:(varieties)
Chandan (varieties)
Saf-flower, 278
Safed damar, 1265-See:Saffron, 389; 4141,-See:Damar (varieties)
Bastard Saffron; Cobra's
Safed dhatura, 434-See:Dhatura (varieties)
saffron; Meadow-saffron;
Wild-saffron
Safed Elchi, 822-See:Safran, 390-See:-Faux
Elchi (varieties)
safran
Safe-dind, 705
Safed-Jeera, 408-See:Safraul-bagaz, A/161
Sag, 444; 1164-See:-Baluka
J eera (varieties)
Sag, Bathu-sag; Lal-sag; Pu
Safed Jiraun, 408-See:runi-sag
Jiraun
Sag-angur or Angurshefa, 160
Safed kaddu, 408-See:Sagappusinduram, M/8SKaddu (varieties)
See:-Sinduram
Safed-kammi, 624-See:~
Sagapu, 669
Kammi (varieties)
Sagar-gota, 2.29-See:- Gata
Safed khatyan, 505-See:(varieties)
Khatyan
Sagdi, 1114 F'
Safed kikar, 16-See:-Kikar
Sage, 1094c-See:-Bloodveen
(varieties)
ed Sage; Common Sage;
Safed morugphul, 297.-See:Garden.;Sage; Red Sage
Morugphul
Sage-leaved alangium, 58Safed murga, 90-See:See:-Alangium
Murga (varieties)
Safed musli, 309, 411-See:- Sagl-surmah, M/l3-See:Surma (varieties)
Musli (varieties)
Safed sambala, M/15-See:- .Sago, l088-See:-Bastard
Sambala
_
Sago
Sagona, 1203
Safed sarson, 506-See:Sago-palm-See:-Malabar
Sarson (varieties)'
A
lNDEX
sago-pahn.; Palm (varieties)

Sagovani, 430
Sagur-ghota, 226-See:Ghota
Sagwan, 1197; 1203
Sahadevi, 1270
Sahadevi-bari, 1159-See:Bari (varieties)
Sahajna, 811
Sahasrafali, 822
Sahasrafani, 823
Sahasraki, 15
Sahasrvedhi, 537
Sahebi, 1286-See:-Kali. sahebi; Pandhri-sahebi
Saheela, 977
Sahinjan, 811-See:---,-Jan
(varieties)
Sahor,l171
Sahora, 1171
Saht, A/191
Sai, 1011....:..see:-Kutsai;
Yangtsai
Saila-myah, 328
Sain,1211
Saindhalavanam, M/10SSee:-Lavanam (varieties)
Saindhava 170; M/90; M/98;
M/l08
Sam-Jnah, 810
Saj, 1197; 1211
Sajadan, 1198
Sajgure, 930
Sajikhara, M/101-See:Khara (varieties)
Sajina, 811
Sajja, 930
Sajjado, 628
Sajjikhar or Barilla, MIl01
Barilla-See:-Khar (varieties)
Sajjinoon, M/l01
Sajo, 1211
Sak, 9-:See:-Amrul-sak; Me!1asak; Brihmi-sak; Kalmisaki Nuni-sak; Simbu-sak;
Tektasak; Tursak
913
Saka, 1197-See:-Itsaka;
Palamsaka; Sumandarsaka
Sakalia, 587
Sakalio, 587
Sakara-kand, 1190-See:Kand (varieties)
Sakaria, 684
Sakashresta, 444
(
Sakayi, 1234; l290-See:Kai or Kayi (varieties)
Sakena, 680
Sakernimbu, 346-See:Nimbu (vadeties)
Sakharkand,684-See:Kand (varieties)
Sakhar-kund,684-See:Kund
Sakhotaka, 1171
Sakhri, 1286
Sakhu, 1132
Sakir-rumi, 973-See:Rumi
Sakkar or Sakkar-teti, 402See:-Teti
Sakkaraivallik-kizhangu,
684-See:~Kizhangu
( varieties)
Sak-keri,vellei-Kelangu, 684See:-Kelallgu
Sak munia, 37&
Sakotra hannu, 345
Sakrasakan, 634
Sakusa, 403
Sal, 1132; 1197-See:Dhadsal; Pitsal; Tliadsa1;
Shirsal; Spivanasal
Sala, 1132-See:-Pitsala,
Ratambu-Sala
Salab, 873-See:-Anab-essalab
Salabmisri, 813
Salad, 719
Salai, 211-See:-Karisalai
Salaitree, 167
Salaka-See :-Dhuve. Salaka
Salakhi, 211
.
Salam-See:-Ude-salam;
Udsalam
914
,.
THE IND.IA:N MATERIA MEDICA
Salamisri, 874
Sal Ammoniac, M/11See:-i
Ammoniac
Salangani-See:-Karisalan..:.
gani
Salap, 873-See:-Anbus-sa':'
lap; Badsah-salap; Ud-salap
Salaras, 1185
Salbia-sefakuss, 1094
Sale-bin, 1032-See:-Bin
(varieties)
Saleet,719
Salep misri, 873
Salep Orchid, 873-See:Orchid
Salib-misri, 519
Salita-See:-Chinai-salita
Sallow, 1089
Salol, M/75
,Salpani, 612
Salsa, 619-See:-Hindi salsa
Salsel-dhup, 958-See:- Dhup
(varieties)
Salsify, 1226
Salsoda, M/101
Salt-See:-Black-salt; Gutika
salt, Rock-salt; Sanchal salt;
Sea-salt; Table-salt; Baysalt; Common-salt .
Salt of Steel, M/63-See:Steel
Salt of Tartar, M/88-See:Tartar
Saltpetre, M/90
Sal Tree," 1132
Saluka, 859
Salum, 519; 874
Salvadore de Persa, 1092
Salvan, 612
Salyuna-See:-Phatura
Salyuna
Samada, 533
Samadara, 1096
Samaghe sanobara, 958See:-Sanobara (varieties)
Samagh Hamama, 542.,..,....See:Hamama
Samak, 897-See:-Gerius
samak
Samaka, 1061
Samalu, 1278-See:-Panisamalu
Samandar, 176
Samandarkapat, 137-See:Pat (varieties)
Samanderka patte, 137
Samar 872
Sambal-See:-Kadasambal;
Lal-sambal
Sambala- See:-Safed- Sambala; Sankhya-satilbala
Sambalakshara, M/15
Sambal-uppu, M/88-See:Uppu (varieties)
Sambar, 446
Sambarasinga, A/153-See:Singa (varieties)
Sambar-balli, 1283
Sambar singdun, A/153
Sambe-mani, M/2
Sahbera, 1283
Sambhalu, 1278
Sambhalukabeej,960
Sambhava-See~-N aga'5ambhava
Sambrani, 211; 253-See:Parangi-sambrani
Sambranichettu, 624
Sambul-u-'l hind, 840
Sambunerinchi, 1230
Samee, 800
Sametrapalam, 177
Samgh-i-Arabi, 486
Sahmun, 1028.,.
Sami, 800; 1011
Samin, A/229; ~35
Sammi-S_ee:-Tagar-sammi
Sammula far, Mi15
Samon-ne, 855
Samoodraka, 733
Sampagni puvvu, 795
Sampangi, 795-See:Nilasampangi
Samparuthi, 208--See:Paruthi
INDEX
Sam-payen 103-See:-Payen
Sampenga-See:-Virusampenga; Nelasampenga
Samphire, 730
Sampige, 795-See:-Kadusampige; Naga-sampige; Nelasampige
Sam-ki-Kumb, 138
Samp-phali, 442
Samprani, 607
Samse, 800
Samstravadi, 177
Samudarphal, 176
Samudraguggul, 170-See:Guggul
Samudra Lavana, M/98;
M/109;-See:-Lavana
(varieties)
Samudranaligay, A/210
Samudrapad, 177
Samudrapalaka, 136
Samudraphal, 177
Samudraphena, A/2I0
Samudraphina, A/210
Samudrapunuragu, A/210
Samudrapu-tenkaya, 749
Samudrashokha, 136-137
Samudrjka-See:-Dholasamudrika
Samudupu-pachi, 591-See:Pachi (varieties)
,
Samutrapullam, 176
Samve, 897
Samyasi, 342
San, 392-See:-Kharasan;
Sapasan
Sana, 392; 628-See:-Hindisana; Dirisana; 'l;agarsana
Sanabina-pundi, 392-See:Pundi
Sanabu, 392
Sanadika, 203
Sanae-e-Hindi, .286-See:-'
Hindi (varieties)
Sanaga-See:-Uppu-sanaga
Sanajali-hullu, 138
Sanaparni, 1017-See:-Parni
(varieties)
915
Sanapu, 392
Sanapuspi, 394
Sanatta, 457-See:-Atta
(varieties)
Sanaubar, 959-See:-Bar
(varieties)
Sanbhalu-See:-Sufed sanbhalu
Sanchal, M/98
Sanchal Salt" M/98-See:--Salt
(varieties)
Sanchhikaram, M/101-See:Karam (varieties)
Sandal-See:-Sufeed sandal
Sandale surkh, 1026-See:Surkh (varieties)
Sandalwood-See:-Red sandalwood; white sandalwood
Sandam, 432
Sandan, 890
Sandarus, 1225
Sanders-See:-Red sanders
Sandhya-raga, 803; 997
Sandigumbala, 185-See:Gumbala (varieties)
Sand Lizard, A/170-See:Lizard
Sandra-See:-Kaviri-sandra
Sanduballi, 1284
Sang-See:-Suraj-sang
Sanga, 811
Sangam Koppi-See:-Pinasangam-Koppi; Koppi
Sangan-kuppi, 352-See:Kuppi (varieties)
Sang-e-Sira Mahi, M/96-See:-Mahi (varieties)
Sang-e-yahuda, M/95
Sanggye, 1125
Sang-i-basari, M/131
Sang-i-sabz, M/64
Sangkhaphuli, 1274
Sangmakrani, M/46
Sangu, A/l64
Sang.;zen, 339
Sanipat, I114-See:-Pat
(varieties)
916
Sanji, 291
Sapjirahat, M/46
Sanjit, 1318
Sanjna,811
Sanjui, 701-See:-Jui
(varieties)
Sanjuvanchivel, 617
Sanka, A/164
Sankarjata, 1256
Sankh, A/164
Sankha-jirun, M196-See:Jirun
Sankhalu, 459-See:-Alu
(varieties)
Sankhavisha, M/l5-See:Visha (varieties)
San-khu, 296
Sankhya, M/15
Sankhya Pashana, M/l6See:-Pashana (varieties)
Sankhya sambala, MilSSee :-Sambala (varieties)
Sanki-til, 1126-See:-Til
(varieties)
Sanklee, 368
Sankula-Jamala, 611-See:Jamala
Sanmadat, 1198
Sanna-See:-Kura-sanna
Sanna-eechalumara, 945See:-Eechalamara
Sannakage-soppu, 947-See:Kagesoppu
Sannapappu, 1007-See:Pappu (varieties)
Sannarastram, 77
Sann hemp, 392-See:-Hemp
(varieties)
Sanni-naegam, 1268
Sanobara-See:- Hubula-sangbara; Tukhm-i-Sanobara;
Samaghe sanobara
.
Sanpia, M/62
Sanrashtam, 77
Sant,202
Santag,392
Santala, 339
.""'"
Santal blanc, 1098
Santa! Rouge, 1025

Santara, 339
Santhni-rooku, 80
Santonin, 142
Sanwa, 895
Sanwak, 895 .
Saon, 899
Saonf, 955
Sapasan, 139-See:-San
(varieties)
Sap-devi, 1137
Sapeta, M/85
Sapfulu, 442
Saphansi, 545
Sapharjala-See:-Hubbus
sapharjala
Saphed-panaki-jhad, 77
Saphenaka, 902
Saphijirik, 1221
Saphurii, 407
Sapistan, 379
Sapla-See:-Nil-sapla
Sapodilla plum, 20-See:Plum (varieties)
Sapota, 20
Sappanga, 230
Sappan wood, 230
Sappaththi, 631
Sappat-tup-pu, 631
Sappu, 795
Saprotri, 1113
Sapsan, 139
Sapsanda, 139
Sapsikaddula, 139
Sapsu.ndi, 128
Saptala, 13
Saptaparna, 80
Sapu,955-See:-Walu-sapu
Sapussundu,685
Sar, 1082-S~:-Ka!isar; Bija
sar; Ghausar; Ramsar
Sara, M/S5; 410; 1087-See:Lolisara
Sarado, A/170
Sarah, 225
Sarahati, 872
Sarakkonnai, 285-See:~
Konnai (varieties)
INDEX
Saral, 958
Sara la, 957
Sarala drava, 957
Saral-pakhi, A/136
Saranai, 1228-See:-Vellaisaranai
Sarapuna, 237
Sarapunkha, 561
Saras, A/143 ,
Sarasa, A/143
Saraswathi, 662
Sarbarivel, 1283
Saribha, 619
Sariqun, 142
Sariro, 543
Sarisa, 215; 1139-See:-Raisarisa
Sarisha-See:-Svetasarisha;
Raisarisha
Sariva, 619; 674-See:Krishna sariva
Sarivan, 612
Sarjaka, 1265
Sarjikakshara, M/101
Sarjjasasamu, 800
Silrkanda, 1082; 1087-See:Kanda (varieties)
Sarkareival1i, 684
Sarokkonnoi, 285-See:Konnoi
Saroli,71
Sarpadarushtrika, 596
Sarpa-gandha, 1050-See:Gandha (varieties)
Sarpakhya, 451
Sarpakshi, 872
.
Sarpashi-chettu, 872
Sarpati-See:-Bhllisarpati
Sarpavisha A/218-See:Visha (varieties)
Sarphankha, 561
Sarphenka, 561
Sarphoka, 290 .
.
Sarsapa-See:- Rakta-sarsapa
Sarsaparilla-See:-Indian
Sarsaparilla;' Country Sarsaparilla; Jamaica Sarsaparilla; Wild Sarsaparilla
917
Sarsaparillwurzel, 619
Sar-shaf, 216
Sarshapah, 216
Sarshapah-See:-Raktasarshapa
Sarshio-See:-Pitosarshio
Sarsio-See:-Moto-sarsio
Sarsom, 1139
Sarson, 215-See:-Janglisarson; Kali-sarson; Rai-sarson; Safed-~arson
Sarsu-See:-Safed-sarsu
Sarsva, 215
Saru-See:-Eru-saru; Shirisaru
Saruboke, 410
Sarumanu-See:-Eru-sarumanu
Sarvadi, 827
Sarvajaya, 255-See:-Jaya
Sarvalai, 1228; 1229
Sarvari,90
Saryun,877
Sasa, 403
Sasaka, Aj191
Sasam, 215-See:-KalenSasam
Sasive--See:-Kadusasive
Sasivey, 215-See:-Karisasivey
Sassi, '392
Sasyaka, M/52
Satado-See:-Motosatado
Satagunda, 281
Satakuppi, 935-See:-Kuppi
(varieties)
Satamuli, 152-See:-Muli
(varieties)
Satap, 1081
Satapatri, 1071; 1072
Satavar, 153
Satavari 153; 154- See:-Vari
(varieties)
Satavari-mull, 153
Sataver, 151
Satbalon, 998
Sat-gilo, 1220-See:-GiIo
Sathi, 1095-See:-Pul-sathi
918
Sathphal, 176
Sathra, 875
Sati, 418
Satin spar, M/46
Satmuli, 153-See:-Muli
(varieties)
Satmung, 855-See:-Mung
(varieties)
Satodimool, 203-See:-Mool
(varieties )
Sattu, M/130
Satu, 653
Satudo, 1228
Satveen,80
Satyanasa, 133
Sauma, 876
Sauna-assar, 876
Saunf, 557-See:'-Badi saunf;
Bari-saunf
Saurab, 389
Saurastra-mruttika, M/100:See :-Mrittika ( varieties)
Sauriarak, 1000
Saurif,955
Sautekayi, 403-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Sauvage-See:-Mentesauvage
Sauvira, M/13-See:-Vira
( varieties)
Sauviranjana, M/87-See:Anjana (varieties)
Sauz-bawwa, 830
Sava, 899-See:-Ghoti-sava
Savara-See:-Pandresavara;
Safed-savara
Savari-See :-Shembal Savari
Savarikappusu, 208-See:Kappusu
Savaru-See:- Tambdi-savaru
Save, 899
Savirela, 892
Savirsambharu, 113
Savite-mannupu, 101-See:Mannupu
Savasambar, 1283
Savte-See:-Mullusav:~
Savura, 1186
,~
Sawad, 827
Sawad-puney, A/234-See:Puney (varieties)
Sawala, 1262
Sawbhalu, 1278
Saya, 610
Sayadevi, 1270
Sa-yo-mai, 969
Sazaj-i-Hindi, 331-See:Hindi (varieties)
Scarfeckige Gurke, 751
Scarlet Runner Bean, 939See:-Beans (varieties)
Schildblattiriger Ampfer, 108
Schild formiger arum, 372
Schlangenfruchtiga Haarblum
1236
Schmal-bJattrige Kurkume, 4]
Schulli-See:-Paina Schulli
Schuppenblattrige Blattblum
949
,
Schwaizholzbaum, 453
Schwartze pfeffer} 969
Schwarzer, Kummel, 855
Schwefelsaures Eisenoxydul
M/64
Schweilbeere, 1171
Schwimmende muschelnlume,
976
Sciefblattriger-Judendendron,
1317
Scimsapa, 1298
Scioenidus Pama, whiting,
A/214
Sclafmohn, 901
Screwpine-See:-Fragrant
screwpine; ..Pine
Screw-tree- See:-East-India
screwtree; Indian screw-trE
Scwarzar senf, 1140
Scwl;lr;zary-senf, 216
Sea-beet-See:-Beet; Sugar
sea-beet
Sea cocoanut, 749-See:-Cocoanut
Sea fish, A/214-See:-Fish
(varieties)
INDEX
Sea salt, M/108-See:-Salt

(varieties)
Seaweeds, 591-See:-Weeds
(varieties)
Sebesten plum or fruit, 379See:-Plum (varieties)
Sebhaphala, 1039
Seb-safargang, 1039-See:Safargang
Sechszeilige Gerste, 653
Sedhalon, M/l08
Seekai, 13-See:-Kai or Kayi
(varieties)
Seekaya, l3-See:-Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Seemachinta, 978-See:Chinta (varieties)
Seemagati, 283.-See:-Gati,
Seemagogu, 632-See:-Gogu
(varieties)
Seemai pulichai keera, 632See:-K~era; Pulichai keera
Seematangedu, 290-See:Tangedu (varieties)
Seemaychunnambu, M/41See:-Chunnambu
Seemay Tekkali, 756-See:Tekkali
Seereh, 961
Seesaka, M/83
Se~tapandu, 116-See:-Ramseetapandu; Pandu
(varieties)
Segagadda, 1264-See:-Gadda
(varieties)
Segan, 1197
Segandun-See:"":_Tinisasegandun
Segapu, 1017-See:-Goyya
pazham
Segapu-munthari, 184
Segiyav, 256
Segumkati, 798
Segve,811
Sehadid Kalli, 522-See:Kalli (varieties)
Sehar, l056
Sehkham, A/l64
919
Sehud, 529
Sehund, 522; 524-See:_
Berki-schund
Sehunda, 522
Seidz-huruf; 1142
Seir fish A/215-See:-Fish
(varieties)
Seivappukaychuri, 632
Sejanduna, 432
Sejhana, 154
Sejji, 930
Sekhage, 573
Sekto,811
Selenite gypsum-See:Gypsum selenite
Selu, 379
Selupa, 474
Selusaran, 926
Sem, 939; 942-See:-Vilaiytesem
Semal moosali, 208-See:Moosali; Mosali
Semmaram, 94
Sempagam, 796
Semparathan, 631
Senagalu, 311
Senamakki, 287
Sendhalon, M/I08
Sendhi, 1300
Sendhurlavana M/108-See:Lavana (varieties)
Sendubef.rkai, 753-See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Senduramu-See:-Yerrasenduramu
Senduria, 199
Sendurkam, 278
Sendur lavana, M/9l-See:Lavan (varieties)
Sendurukkai, 278-See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Senhog-See:-Oil of Sen hog;
Hog
Senji, 786
Senna-See:-Alexandrian
senna; Country senna; Indian
senna; Tinnevelly senna
920
Senna Sophera, 290

-See:-Sophera
Sensitive commune, 799
Sensitive Plant, 799
SeD-chana, 533-See;-Chana
(varieties)
Seoli, 857
Sephalika, 857; 1278
Seppankuzhangu, 372-See:Kuzhangu
Seppudday, 1108
Serangkottai, 1119-See:Kottai (varieties)
Sera-sham-e-Mahi, A/135See:-Mahi (varieties)
Serd-Chubah,415-See:Chubah
Seri, 580
Seria, 761
Seri-gally-gista, 394
Serikos, A/145
Seringi, 1295
Serjania curassavica, A/203
Serookaya, 787
Serpana, 141
Serpent-See:-Concombre
serpent
Serpent poison, A/217-See:Poison
Serpent stone, M/97; A/144
Seruppadai, 371
Seruppunerinji, 678-See:Nerinji (varieties)
Servu-kittalay, 1039-See:Kittalay
Sesaba-See:-Pivala-sesaba
Sesame, 1120
Sesamum, 1126
Sesom, 1126
Sessoogachh-See:-Kalasessoogachh
Seta-andir, 593
Setakata, 593
Seutkherua, 529
Sev,1039
Sevala, 465
Sevamanu, 94
Sevati, 1071
.-
Seville orange, 341-See:Orange (varieties )

Sevvagil, 294
Sevya, 552
Seya-kul, 1318-See:-Kul
(varieties)
Sfetshimool, 505-See:-Mool
(varieties)
Sha, l1-See:-Kyoung-sha
Shaarnhafte Sinnplauze, 799
Shabb-zaje-abyaz, Mj2
Shab-i-yemeni, M/2
Shabju, 481
Shabke pandekajhad, 199See:-Pandekajhad
Shadaburi, 1119-See:-Buri
Shadad Angabina, A/191See:-Angabin,a
Shada kumra, 408-See:Kumra (varieties)
Shada-phul, 1274
Shadavari-See:-Shimai sha
davari; Vari (varieties)
Shaddock of West Indies, 345
Shadgrandika, 412-See:Grandika
Shadgranthagolomi, 35-See:Granthagolomi
Shadurakkally, 522-See:Ka11y
Shaffrochi, 1113
Shafri, 1188
Shaggy Buttonweed, 1162See:-Buttonweed
Shahabula, A/138 .
Shahad, A/191
Shahasfaram, 8~1
Shahdevi, 310
Shah sufian, 790
Shahtara, 560
Shahtarah, 561
Shahtaraz, 580
Shahterah, .561
Shainah, 811
Shair-ul-jin, 43
Shajrat-ol-kafur, 117
Shajratuna-narajila, 363
Shajratur-rumman, 1032
INDEX
Shakakul, l53-See:- Kul

(varieties)
Shakanarupillu, 111-See:Pillu (varieties)
Shakar-al-lighal, 242
Shakara tagara, A/166 See:Tagara (varieties)
Shakardana, 371-See:Dana (varieties)
Shakar pitan; 528-See:Pitan
Shakataka, 543
Shaker-e-tigala, A/166
Shakir surkh, 1083-See:Surkh (varieties)
Shakkan Kirai, 1080-See:Kirai (varieties)
Shakkarai-See:-Shindilshakkarai
Shak-nooni, lOO5-See:Nooni-shak
Shakri, 593
Shal,843
Shalaguni-See:-Karishalaguni
Shalanganni-See:-Karishalanganni
Shalangli, 1142
Shalaparni, 612-See :-Parni
(varieties)
Shalgham, 214
Shallaki, 212
Shallattu, 719
Shallot, 62
Shallow-water fish, A/214See:-Fish (varieties)
Shalmali, 817-See:-Raktashalmali; Svetashalmali
Shalook, 860
Shalparni, 612-See:-Parni
(varieties)
Shalshi, 1044
"Shalu" jowar, 1161-See:J owars (varieties)
Shama, 895; A/151
Shama-baringi, 952-See:Baringi
59
921
Shamalata, 674
Shamalic, 1278
Shambalida, 622
Shamberattai, 631--,See:Rattai or Ratta (varieties)
Shambirani, 1181
Shamblidebari, 1138-See:Bari (varieties)
Shamdulum, 474
Shameeruku, 9
Shami, 148; 1011
Sham-lethe-dashti, 1138
Shamlita, 1240
Shampang, 795
Shamuddirapachchai, 137
Shamuke, 1195
Shan abo, 392
Shanagakaya-See:-Virushanagakaya
Shanal, 392
Shanalu, 1015
Shanballi, 572
Shanbhaluka-bija, 1277
Shandanak-kattai, 1098
Shanganni-See:-Karishanganni
Shangir,5
Shankapushpa, 354
Shankapushpi, 354; 531
Shankapuspam, 354
Shankat-ul-beda, 1234-See:Beda
......
Shankeshwar, 1298
Shankha, A/164
Shankhahuli, 263; 1297-See:HuH (varieties)
Shankhajiri, M/96-See:-Jiri
(varieties)
.
Shankha-pushpi, 263
Shankhavalli, 531
Shankhini, 263
Shankine, 1297
Shankvel, 531
Shanshobai, 933
Shanshohai, 933
Shanti-mara, 1203
Shaorha, 1171
922
Shaqaqule-hindi, 151-See:;Hindi (varieties)

Shardul, 1198
Sharifah, 116
Shark, A/147-See:-White
shark
.
Shark liver oil, Aj231-See:-,
Liver oil
Sharpala, 379-See:-Pala
(varieties)
Sharp cornered cocumber, 751
-See:-Cocumber
Sharunnai, 1229-See:-VallaiSharunnai
Sharunnay, 1228
Sharvalaykiray, 1228-See:Kiray (varieties)
Shatakupivirai, 935-See:Virai (varieties)
Shatakupivittulu, 935-See:Vittulu (varieties)
Shatamuli, 153-See:-Muli
( varieties)
Shatangatakam, 622
Shatapatra, 844
Shatapushpa, 955
Shatapushpi, 935
Shatava, 955
Shatavali, 154-See:-Vali
(varieties)
Shatavari, 152; 153-See:Vari (varieties)
Shati, 418; 1095
Shatlatu-virai, 719-See:Virai (varieties)
Shatra, 561
Shavaka, 1194
Shavakku-See:-Shirushavakku
Shavalai, 1229
Shavantige-See :-Shime:..
shavantige
Shavaripazlam, 1238
Shavukku - See:- Kptashavukku; AtrushavukkO; Shivappu-attu-shavukku
I
II
Shay-rang, 1119-See:-Rang
( varieties)
Shealkanta, 133-See:-Kania
(varieties)
Shebe-hannu, 1017
Sheda, 103; 696
Shedeveli, 151
Shedul'i, 608
Shedwa, 608
Sheegae,13
Sheemaavisi, 283-See:Avisi
Sheemagadda, 148-See-Gadda (varieties)
Sheemai-agatti, 283-See:Agatti
Sheemai-kilangu,1,,48-See:Kilangu (varieties)
Sheemigida, 283
Sheep, AI212
Sheesa, M/83
Sheesham,u, M/83
Sheeyakay, 13
Shegat,811
Shekakul, 1225-See:-Kul
(varieties)
Shekhamulaina, 440
Shekrani, 797
Shelangri, 1280Shell - See:-Bivalve Shell;
Common oyster-shell; Conchshell; Egg-shell; Lime-shell;
Marina shell; Porcelaneom
shells; Quick lime shell;
Oyster-shell
Shell ash-See:-Conch shell
ash; Ash (varieties)
Shell fish, (a kind Of) A/232See:-Fish (varieties)
Shelvan, 379
Shemaitute, 84
Shembal Savari, 208-See:Savari
Shembara-valli, 1283
Shembat, 868
Shembiavare, 254-See:Avate
INDEX
Shia-kul,1317-See:"':""'Kul
Shembu, M/47
(varieties)
Shemmandarai, 184
Shialkanta,133-See:-EaroShemmaram, 1161
shialkanta
Shemmulli, 175-See:-Mulli
varieties)
Shibjal, 271
Shempaga-See:-VanashemShib-jhul, 271
paga
3hibjub, 271
Shenba gam , 795
Shiga-See :-Mrigashiga
Shen-chandanam, 1026-See:- Shih, 142
Chandanam ( varieties)
Shih-yen, M/I09-See:-Yen
Shendad, 402
Shikani, 299
... ~
Shendori, 385
Shikaol, 923
11
Shendri, 199; 760
Shikar,923
Shendvel, 385
Shikayi,13
Sheng-See:-Bhuisheng
Shikha-See:-Rakta-shikba
Shenkottai, 1119-See:-Kottai Shikha-mulam, 440
(varieties)
Shikhandin, 543
Sheoda, 543
Shikhara, MI101
Sheora, 1171
Shikhi, 520
Shepherd's needle, 577
Shikkay-See:-KazharShepu, 557; 93~
shikkay
Sher, A/I71-See:-Ransher
Shikoriah, 313
Shera,529
Shilajatu, 1185
Sheral-See:-Dhakta-sheral
Sherani, 1218
Shilajit-See:-Silajit
Sheras, 1277
(varieties)
Sherdi, 1083
Shim, 461; 1049-See:-KathSheriganam, 1226
shim; Makam-shim
Sherwam, 555
Shimachamaulli pushpamu, 117
Shetpushpa, 955
-See:-Chamaulli pus hShetu, 816
pamu
Shetura, A/145; 817
Shimaepun'ji, 362-See:Shetuta, 817
Punji
Shevappughaschedi, 901
Shimagoranti vittulu, 927See:-Vittulu (varieties)
Shevara, 86; 87
Shimai-azha-vanai-virai, 927Shevari, 1130
See:-Azha-vanai-virai
Shevga,811-See:-SoanjnaShimai-chamantipu, 117-See:
shevga
-Chamantipu
Shevri-See:-Ranshevri
Shimai-eluppai, 20-See:Shewa, 750
Eluppai
Shewan, 584
Shimai-kich-chilik-kishangu,
608 - See : - KichilicShewun,584
kizhanga
Shiah-kanta, 800-See:-Kanta
Shimai-madalaivirai, 1038(varieties)
See: - Madalai-virai; Virai
Shiajira, 279; 408-See:-Jira
(varieties)
(varieties)
(
924
Shimai Shadavari, 154-See:Shadavari; Vari (varieties)

Shimai-shombu, 408-See:Shombu
Shimaiya-viri, 677
Shima-jevanti-pushpam, 117See:-Jevanti-pushpam
Shima-karpuram-aku, 792See:-Aku, Karpuram-aku
Shimal, 207
Shimayi-shombu, 279-See:ShomJm,
Shimeatti, 545-See:-Atti
_( varieties)
Shimedapu, 117
Shimeeya, 1031
Shime-shavantige, 117-See:Shavantige
Shimpi, 896
Shimpigyanhullu, 896; 923
Shimpti, 867
Shimtee, 868
Shimul,207
Shinacarum, M/2
Shina-karan, M/2
Shinde, 402
Shindhura, M/8S
Shindhuvaruma, 1278
Shindi,946
Shindil-kodi, 1220-See:-Kodi
(varieties)
Shindil-Shakkarai, 1220-See:
-Shakkarai; Rai (varieties)
Shingr,426
Shingshupa, 432-See:-Shupa
Shinka,537
Shinkanta, 800-See:-Kanta
(varieties)
Shinwala, 1060
Shiragam, 408-See:-Karunshirogam; Kattu-shiragam
Shiran, 1014
Shiras, 214
Shirat-kuchchi, 101
8hiraz-See: -Ranga-
shiraz
Shireesha-mara, 15 . )_"
Shiribekku, 1009-See:Bekku (varieties)

Shirigumudu, 585-See:Gumudu
Shirina 622
Shirisaru, 1194-See:-Saru
(varieties)
Shirish, 15-See: -Pit shirish;
Sirish
Shirkal, 599
Shirkhist, 560
Shirporna-jaya, 1271-See:Jaya (varieties)
Shirsal, 958-See: -Sal
(varieties)
Shiru-kadaladi
21-See:Kadaladi
Shiruket, 1009
Shiru-Kurunja, 596-See:Kurunja
Shirumalli, 700-See: -Mall:
(varieties)
Shirunari-vengayam, 1116See:-Vengayam, (varieties)
Shirunoch-chi, 1281-See:Nochchi (varieties)
Shirushavakku 1194-S'ee:Shavakku (varieties)
Shiruvavili, 1281-See:Vavili (varieties)
Shish, M/85
Shisham, 432
Shishay, M/83
Shitrapunj, 989
Shiulik, 472
Shivadai 691 '"
Shiva-malli-gida, 677--See:Malligida (varieties)
Shivan-See: -Lahan-shivan
Shiva~narvayambu, 677
Shivanarvembu, S77-See:Vembu (varieties)
Shivanasal, 584-See:-Sal
(varieties)
Shivani-See: -Kirishivani
Shivanil, 677
INDEX
Shivanni-gida, 584
Shivappu-attu-shavukku 1193
See: -Shavukku (varieties)
Shivappu-Chittramulam, 989See: -Chittramulamshivappu
Shivappu-kashuruk-vil'ai, 632
-See: -Kashuruk-virai
Shivappu-nelli, 949-See:Nelli (varieties)
Shivappu-postaka-chedi, 901
-See :-Postaka-chedi
Shivappu-tamarai, 844-See:
-Tamarai (varieties)
Shivappu-vasla-kire, 178-See:
-Vasla-kire
Shivararn-kalIi, 873-See:Kalli (varieties) .
Shiva-tulasi, 865-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Shivinthaka, 1039
Shiwari, 1278
Shodhakati-See:-Vranashodhakari
Shodhanam, 58
Shodhani-See: -:-Vishashodhani
Shodhita, M/24-See:Purified silajit; Silajit
Shoe-flower plant, 630
Shoephahara 96
Shole-fish, AI215-See:Fish (varieties)
Shombu, 557; 955-See:Shimayi-shombu
Shone, 392
Shoont, 1309 .
Shora, M/90; M/91
Shoraba, M/91
Shorakhar M/90; M/91-See:
-Khar (varieties) .
Shoraktri, M/7
Shora-mitha, M/91-See:Mitha (varieties)
Shore, M/91
Shor-gaz, 1194
Shori, 418
shortara, 561-See:-Tara
925
Shothaghni 202
Shoti,695
Sh-ouniz, 855
Shrangi-See: -Pruthushrangi
Shravan ghevda, 942-See:-Ghevda (varieties)
Shreetalamu, 384
Shreetali, 384-See: -Tali
(varieties)
Shreevrksha, 552
Shrigandhada mara 1098See: -Gandha (varieties)
Shrikala, 599-See:-Kala
(varieties)
Shrimudrigida, 8
Shringa-See: -Mrigashringa
Shringata, 1227
Shringi-See: -Ajashringi;
Sitashringi; Karkatashringi;
Mudadashringi
Shriparni, 584-See: -Parnf
(varieties)
Shrivatte, 827
Shrubby Basil, 863-See:Basil
Shubha, 116
Shubit, 935
Shudhakshara, M/44
Shudi, 730
Shue-saku, M/32
Shukadana, 1031--See:Dana (varieties)
Shuk-china 1143--See:China
Shukhu, 1309
Shukku, 1079
Shul,45
Shula-vedhi-chukra, 1079See: -Chukra
Shulgam, 214
Shulundu kora, 699-See:-Kora (varieties)
Shulva M/47
Shumak, 2.29
Shumeo, 1260
926
Shumoodra-See:-Dholshumoodra
Shun, 392
Shunam,65
Shunkhapushappi, 263
Shunti-See: -Hashi-shunti; I
Shupa-See:-Chitrak-shupa;
Shing-shupa
Shurali, 607
Shurungi-See:-Thottal
shurungi
Shveta-barbura 16-See:-Barbura
Shwetasurasa, 857-See:Surasa (varieties)
Shwet-huli, 1308-See:-Huli
(varieties)
Shwet-sursha, 506-See:Sursha
Shyamaka, 897
Shy onaka, 876
Siah chob, 386
Siakul, 1317-See:-Kul
(varieties)
Siali 1031
Sialkanta, 133-See: -Kanta
(varieties)
Sialkanta-bhatmil, 133-See:
-Kanta (varieties)
Siddartha, 506
Siddhapatri, 256
Siddhartha, 213
Sidhi, 256
Sidhoul 715
Sidori, 652
Sige-See: -Kadsige
Sigru, 811
Siharu, 857
Sij, 526-See: -Lanka-sij;
Mansasij; Narsij; Patasij;
Tikatasij
Sikeyabo, 331
Sikhigrivam, lVI/52
Siki 13
Siktha, A/151
Sikuar, 1256
Sila, 1041-See: -Meihsila
Silajatu, M/23
Silajit, 1183; 1185; M/23See: -Bluesilajit; Copperjsilajit; Gold-silajit;

Gomuthra-silajit; Ironsilajit; Karpoora-silajit;
Purified (shodhita) silajit;
Red-silajit;
Silver-silajit;
White-silajit; Shilajit
Silajita, M/23
Silaras, 84; 747; lVI/23
Silavalka, 922
Silber, M/13
Silhaka, 747
Silica, M/93
Silicate of Alumina M/6
Silicate of Alumina, Lime &
Oxide of Iron, M/10
Silicate of Alumina, Magnesia .
& Oxide of Iron, MIlO
Silicate of Alumina & Oxide of
Iron, M/IO
Silicate of Aluminium-See:Aluminium silicate
Silicates, lVI/93
Silicious concretions of
bamboo M/96-See:Bamboo
Silicon, M/93
Silicon dioxide, M/93-See: - .
Dioxide
Silk-cocoon-See: -Rawsilk
cocoon; Cocoon
Silk Cotton Tree, 207; 586See:-Golden silk-cotton;
White silk-cotton; Cotton
(varieties)
Silk-pod, A/145
Silk worm-mothr A/145
Sillhaka, 86
Silphium Parsley~1008-See:
-Parsley
-Silver, M/31-See: -German
silver; Quick-silver
Silver Cochineal, A/156--See:
-Cochineal (varieties) ~
Silver Fir-See: -Fir;
Himalayan Silver Fir
INDEX
Silver silajit, MI23-See:Silajit (varieties)

Sirn, 461-See: -Makham
921
Muradasing; Murdarsing;
Murdosing
Singa-See :-Mirapa-singa;
Sim
Mirsinga; Barasinga; KharaSima-See: -Sweeta-sima
singa; Sambarasinga
Sima avisl, 283
Singada, 1227
. Singanamook, 447
Simab, M/68
Sima-chamanti-pushpam 117 Singara, 1227
-See: -Chamantipushpam
Singarakottaf, 1227-See:Sima-chinduga, 978-8ee:Kottai (varieties)
Chinduga
Singari, 1227
Simae-chinta, 38-See:Singarota, 932
Chinta (varieties)
Singe-See: -Muradasinge
Sima-jamt).du, 716-See:Singe J erahata, M/96
Singgika, 377
.
Jamudu (varities)
Simak, 1134
Singhar, 857-See:Sima-kavirai, M/94-See:Harsinghar
Kavirai
Singhara, 1227
Singhi fish, A/215; A/216Simao, 339
Simbhi-See: -Prathusimbhi
See:-Fish (varieties)
Simbi, 461
Singhin, 377
Simbo-k,esu, 705-8ee: -Kesu Singi, A/215-8ee: -KakadSimbusak, '556-See: -Sak
singi; Kharsingi; Maedasingi; Merasingi; Takada(varieties)
Sime-kavikallu, M/94-See:singi
Kal1u; Kavi-kallu
Singo-mone, 356
Sime-kich-chilik, 715-See:- Singu, 537-See: -MudaraKich-chilik
singu
Simp---See:-Motisimp
Singuin, 811
Sinhakesara, 800-See:Simul-See: -Safed simul
Kesara (varieties)
Sind cotton, 590-See: also:Sinhamukhi, 580-See:Si.lk. cotton tree; Cotton;
Vrisha sinhamuki
Devills Cotton
Sinhaparni, 40-See:-Parni
Sindhaluna, M/108
(varieties)
Sindhuka, 1281
Sini, 392
Sindhuvaram, 1278-8ee:Sinjee, 1239
Varam (vari~ties)
Sinjraph, M/72
Sindilkodi, 356-See: -Kodi
Sinni-maram, 17
.
(varieties)
r Sinpo-i-Jilani, 1318-See:Sindur, M/86
Jilani
Sindura, M/86
Sinsapa-See: -Kalasinsapa; Kapila-sinsapa;
Sinduram-See:-SagappuKrishna-sinsapa
sinduram
Sinth, A/151
Sindurlavana, M/91-See:Sin-ul-fel, A/160
Lavana (varieties)
Sing-See: -Bhoising; Bhui- Siora,1171
sing; Haranasing; Khusingj Sipandane-sufaid, 213
928
Sipi, A/158; A/211

Sir, 65
Siran, 61
Siras, 15; 79B-See:Machhika-Siras; Pivali-siras
Sirikala, 351-See: -Kala
(varieties)
Sirin, 15; 798
Sirinji, 1295
Siris, 15; 60-See: -Bendersiris; Lalsiris; Mothasiris;
Safed-siris
Sirish, 60-See: -Kri~hnaSirish; Pitshirish; (Sirish)
Sirissa, tree, 15; 798
Siriya, 1150
'Siriz, 15
Sirola, 751-See:-Kadusirola
Sirooseroo-padi, 804
Sirpha, 116
Sirramutti, U38-See:Mutti (varieties)
Sirrupulayvayr, 49.
Sirshing, 472
Sir-sia-peshane, 43
Sirukanchni, I226-See:Kanchni
Siru karalai, 75-See:Karalai
Sirunagappoo, 792-See:Nagappoo
Siru-pullady, 446
Siruthakkali, 951
Siruvazhu-dunai, 1150
Siru-vazhunai, 1150
Sis, 392
Sisa, M/83
Sisam, 432; M/1l6
Sishu, 432
Sismulia, 112
S~sori, 1000
Sissu, 432
Sissukarrha, 432
Sisupala, 11S-See: -Pala
(varieties)
Sitache-kes, 617; 690
Sitageru\ M/42-See:-Geru
(varieties)
I Sitaki, 113
Sitalachini, 400-See:Chini (varieties)
Sitania purgonalu, 420
Sitapalam, 116-See: -Ram
sitaphalam
Sitaphal, 116
Sitaphalam-See: -Sitaphalam
Sitaran limbu, 742-See:Limbu (varieties)
Sitashringi, 25-See:Shringi (varieties)
Sitawar, 154 Sithagathi, 1130-See: -Gathi
Sitruti, 608
Sittalchini, 517-See:-Chini
(varieties)
Sittrapaladi, 529
Siulicop, 1189
Sivadaiver, 691
Sivanarvembu, 715-See:Vembu (varieties)
Sivani, 1228
Sivni, 585
Siyahdanah, 855-See:. Danah
Siyah-daru, 855-See:Daru (varieties)
Siyah musli, 112-See:Musli (varieties)
Siyambula, 1191
Siyembela, i191-See: -Bela
(varieties)
Skandaja, 453
Skandaphala, 146 '"
Skeyer-wood, 520
Skimmed milk, A/176-See:Milk (varieties)
-Skim milk, A/183-See:Milk (varieties)
Skink-See: -Indian skink
Slaked lime, M/42; M/45See:-Lime (varieties)
Sleshmataka, 379
INDEX
Small aloe,-See: -Aloe

(varieties)
Small-bark tree, 118B-See:Bark tree
Small Caltrops, l229-See:Caltrops (varieties)
Small chaulmugra, 66l-See:
-Chaulmugra (varieties)
Small Date, 945-See: -Date
(varieties)
Small Fennel, 854-See:Fennel (varieties)
Small kawati, 66l:-See:Kawati
Small Millet, 89B-See:Millet (varieties)
Small Wild Squill, ll16-:-See:
-Wild squill; Squill
(varieties)
Smooth-Iuffa, 752-See:Luffa (varieties)
Snail-See: -Land snail
Snake-See: ~Rattle-snake
Snake gourd, 1234-See:Gourd (varieties) Wild
Snake-gourd
Snake Lily, 1;37-See:-Lily
(varieties)
Snake Venom, A/21B-See:Venom; Cobra venom
Snake weed, 526-See: -Weed
(varieties)
Snakewood, 1173
Snapatha, 876
Sneezwort, 299-See: --Wort
(varieties)
Snehaphala, 1126
Snehaviddha, 295
Snigdhajeera, 980-See:Jeera (varieties)
Snoohi, 524
Snuhi, 522-See: -Madhusnuhi; Vanamadhusnahi
Soanjna shevga, 811-See:Shevga
Soap-nut Ttee, 1102
Soap Stone, M/96
929
Soap Wort-See: -Perfoliate

soap-wort; Wort (varieties)
Sobhanjana, 811-See:Anjana (varieties)
"Socotrine" aloes, 76-See: ~
Aloe (varieties)
Soda-See:-Muriate of Soda;
Washing soda
Soda ash, M/lOl-See: -Ash
(varieties)
Soda biborate-See:Biborate of Soda
Soda carbonate, M/lOl-See:
-Carbonate of soda; Crudecarbonate of Soda
Soda crystals,M/10l
Soda sulphate-See:Sulphate of Soda
Sodii citras, A/l77
Sodium Biborate; M/l03-See:-Biborate of Sodium
Sodium Borate, M/l03-See:
-Borate of Sodium
Sodium carbonate, M/lOlSee:-Carbonate of Sodium
Sodium Chlorate, M/108See: -Chlorate of sodium
Sodium muriate-See:Muriate of Sodium
Sodium Pyroborate, M/I03See:-Pyroborate of
Sodium
Sodium sulphuret-See:Sulphuret of Sodium
Sodiumtetraborate-See: Tetraborate of Sodium
Sogade beru, 1292
Sohaga, M/l03
Sohanjna, 811
Sohanpe-soah, 1113
Sohikire, 557
Soi, 935
Soin-pappu-kirai, 1007-See:
-Kirai (varieties)
Soitraj, 422
Soja bohne, 462
Sojikhara-See: -Khara
(varieties)
,(
~30
THE 'INDIAN MATERIA 'MEDICA
Sojjikhar, 1183-See: -Khar

( varieties)
Sojna,811
Solir-See; -Ding solir
Soltraj, 1226
Soma, ~77; 1106
Somalata, 1081; 1106
,Somal khar, M/l6-See:Khar (varieties)
Somanti, 1130
Somaraja, 1267
Somaraji, 892; 1019
Somarayen, 1081
$omavalkhom, 548
Somavalli, 356; 1220
Sombong, 201
Somidamanu, 1161
Sominta-See: -Nallasominta
Sompu, 955
Somraj, 1267
Sona, 698; 876; M/32-See:Natkisona
Sona bhasma, M/33
Sonabu, 392
Sona-geru, M!95-See:Geru (varieties)
. Sonajahi, 702-See: -Jahi
Sonalu, 285-See: -Alu
(varieties)
Sonamakki-See: -Mulakacha
sonamakki
Sonamukhi, 284; 286; M/66See: -Surati-Sonamukhi
Sona-mukhina-gantha, M/66
Sonapushpi, 391
Sonar, M/32
Sona varak, M/33
Sonchal, M/100; 763
Sonchala, 763
Sonchampa, 795-See:Champa (varieties)
Sondal, 285-See: -Chhotasondal
Sondala, 876
Sondanimak, M/108-S~e:
Nimak (varieties)
Sone-kesur, 1285-See:~
Kesur; Mahat-kesur
Soni, 955
Sonhali, 285
Sonkel, 822-See: -Kel
(varieties)
Sonkela, 822-See:-Kela
(varieties)
.
Sonkeli, 823-See: -Keli
(varieties)
Sonnaringa, 339-See:N aringa (var.ieties )
Sonogaravi, 817
Sonp, 557 .
Sonpat, 392-See: -Pat
(varieties)
Sonsali, 504
Sont, 557
Sontakka-See: --Jahari
sontakka
Sonth, 1309
Sonti, 1309
Sonum, M/32
Soof, 1039
Sookhdursun, 389
Soolpha, 935
Soondali, 285
Soonti, 1309
.Soopadan, 667
Sooparee--See: -Kottha
Fooflee Sooparee
Soopyah, 231
Soothan, 776
Sop-See: -Sour sop of America; Sweet-sop of America;
Sweet-Sop
Sopari, 130-See:-Ardhisopari
Sophee, 827 ".
Sophera-See:-Senna
sophera
Sophora-See: ~Pedda
sophora
Sopu, 557-See: -Badisopu
Sora, M/90
Sorakai, 722-See: -Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
INDEX
Soratimati, M/100-See:-
Mati (varieties)
Sore-See: -Kahisore
Sorrel-See: -Field-sorrel;
Indian sorrel; Red sorrel
,SorupEmka, A/210
.sosan, 694; 695-See: -Bekhsosan
Sosun, 694
Sota Sunndi, 859-See:Sunndi
.sotia Gowar, 420-See:Gowar (varieties)
Sottacla, 556
Soubira, 1318
Sour dock, 1079-See: -Dock
(varieties)
Sour-lime of India, 341-See:Lime (varieties)
'Sour sop of America, 115See:-Sop (varieties)
'Sowa, 935-See: -Sutrasowa; Sutre-sowa
.,
Sowasi, 199
'Sow thistle, 1159-See:Thistle (varieties)
Soya, 935
Soya bean, 462; 1145-See:Beans (varieties)
Soybean, 581; 1145-See:Beans (yarieties)
Soyi, 935
Spail-anai, 927-See:-Anai
Spalaghzai, 533
Spal-mak, 242
Spalwakka, 242
.spangjha, 10'07
"Spanish Corn", 1305-See:Corn (varieties)
Spanish Gourd, 407--See:Gourd (varieties)
Spanish Jasmine, 101-See:Jasmine (varieties)
Spanish pepper, 268; 270-See:
. -Pepper (varieties)
Sparrow-See: -Housesparrow
931
Spearmint, 790-See: -Mint

(varieties)
Speckled leech, A/67; Al217
-See: -Leech
,
Spelta wheat, 1250-See:-Wheat (varieties)
Spelter, M/130
Spermaceti, A/154
Sperm oil, A/154
Sphatikari, M/2-See: -Kari
(varieties)
Spider flower, 351
Spighwall, 979
Spiked millet, 930-See:Millet (varieties)
Spikenard-See: -Indian
Spikenard
Spinach, 1164-See:Country spinach; Indian
spinach
Spindelbaum, 520
Spindle-wood, 520
Spirah Tarkhah, 142-See:Tarkhah
Spleenworl-See: -Black
spleenwort
Spa gel Seeds, 980
Sponge, A/230-See:Wash-sponge
Spores-See: -Clubmoss
spores
Spreading hog-weed, 202See:-Hog-weed; Weeds
(varieties)
Sprouts-See: -Brussels
sprouts
Spulmei, 242
Spurge-See: -Roseberry
spurge; Triangular spurge
Squaw weed, 504-See:Weeds (varieties)
Squill-See: -Indian squill;
small wild squill; Wild squill
Srah-See: -Sufeed srah
Srangavera, 1308
Sravani, 1163
Sribati, 827
932
Srigalakantaka, 13.3-See:Rantaka (varieties)

Srigalakoli, 1317--See: -Noli
( varieties)
Srigandapu-manu, l098-S$e:
-Manu (varieties)
,
Srigandha, 1098-See:Gandha (varieties)
Srihastini; 617-See:Bastini
Srikala-See: -Kala
(varieties)
Sriksha, 543
Srinata, 1186
Sring-See: -Mrigasring
Sringa-beram, 1308-See:Beram
Sringataka, 1227
Sringi, A/215-Meshasringi
Sriphal, 45-See: -Bael
sripal
Sripaalam, 480
Srisamgyam, 83~
Srivasa, 957
Sriyesi, 334
Srotonjana, M/l3
Stachel-peere, 1064
Staff tree, 296
Stag's horn, A/153-See:Born ( varieties)
Star Anise, 675-See:Anise
Starch-See: -Curcuma
starch
Steel, M/55; M/56-See:Salt of Steel
Sthulagranthi, 1315-See:Granthi (varieties)
Stick-lac, A/150-See: -Lac
Sticky cleome, 351-See:Cleome
,
St. Ignatins' Beans, 1174See:-Beans (varieties)
Stinging-nettle-See:-Nettle;
Common-stinging-nettle
Stinkendes Steckenkraut, 537
Stinking Opal Berry, 892See: -Berry (varietiest
."~
Stoechas Arabique, '130

Stone flowers, 922
Storax, 86-See: -Liquid
storax
Strahlfruchtige Bohne, 940
Straw-ash, M/88-See: -Ash
(varieties)
Strawberry, 559-See:Berry or Berries (varieties)
Strawberry tomqto, 950-See:
-Tomato
Strawberry tree, 520
Strychnine tree, 1175
Stumpfblattriger J udendorn>
1316
Sturgeon's air bag, A/135
Styrax linquide, 747
Subali, 310
Subcarbonate of Zinc
-See:-Zinc
subcarbonate
Subhar, 145
S-o.bja-no-rasa, M/94
Sublimate of sulphide of mercury, M/75
Sublimed Sulphur, M/l19See: -Sulphur sublimed
Suchal, 313
Suda, 116
Sudab, 524
Sudabugida, 1081
Sundanaj, 790
Sudarsana, 1221
Sudarshan, 389
Suddha, 1205
Sudha, MI44-See:Mahusudha
Sudhimudi, 485.
Sudu-iyam, M/1l6-See:Iyam
_
Sudu pasanum, lYI/16-See:Pasanum
Suet-See: -Prepared-suet
Sufaid mitti, M/6-Mitti
(varieties)
Sufeadba, M/85
Sufeda, MI85
INDEX
Sufed murgha, 297-See:Murgha (varieties)

Sufed musli-See: -Musli
(varieties)
Sufed Pathar, M/46-See:Pathar
Sufedrai, 213-See: -Rai
(varieties)
Sufed or Safeta Musli, 151See:-Musli (varieties)
Sufed-sanbhalu, 1281-See:Sanbhalu
Sufeed Sandal, 1098-See:-Sandal
Sufeed Srah, 901-See:-Srah
Suffed, M/133
Sufferjang, 1039
Sufokji, 1077
Sufrium-See: -Lal sufrium
Suganda bala-chhara, 1259See: -Bala-chhara
Sugandamitti, M/7-See:Mitti (varieties)
Sugandh, 1196-See:Amber sugandah; Nagasugandha
.
Sugandha bacha, 80-See:Bacha
Sugandha-bala, 925-See:Bala ( varieties)
Sugandha kantak, 1019-See:
Kantak (varieties)
Sugandharaju, 255-See:Raju
Sugandhavacha, 77; 715-See:
-Vacha'
Sugandhi, 619-See: -Palasugandhi; Rhus-sugandhl
Sugandhibali, 822-See: -Bali
(varieties)
Sugandhichaha, 104-See:Chaha (varieties)
Sugandhipala, 619-See:- Pala (varieties)
Sugandhwala, 1259
Sugar-See: -Sugar-cane;
Milk-sugar
933
Sugar Apple, 116-See:Apple (varieties)

Sugar-cane, 10S3-See:. Sugar; Milk-sugar
Sugar of milk, A/179-See:Milk-sugar
Sugar-root-See: -Earth
sugar-root
Sugar sea-beet, 724-See:Beet (varieties)
Sugar-solutions-See: Acidulated sugar-solutions
Sughanda-paladagida, 619See: -Paladagida
Suhaga, M/I03
Sujiado, 628
Sujna, 8111
Suka, 923-See: -Kinsuka;
. Palas lata
Sukanasa, 876
Sukandaraji, 997
Sukanu, 302 '"
Sukasa, 403
Suk-gu-kire, 1079-See:Kire
Sukha, A/216
Sukhada, 1098
Sukhali, A/145
., Sukhchain, 1001
I
Sukhli Kursali, 106-See:Kursali
Sukk, A/164
Sukkapat, 165-See :-Pat
(v,,\rieties)
Sukkar Kohala, 407-See:~ohala (varieties)
Suklatulasi, 861-See:Tulasi (varieties)
Sukra Pushpika, 579Pushpika (varieties)
Sukshma-phala, 1317
Sukti-See: -Mukta-sukti
Sulanasan, 537
Sulay-bottu-gida, 925
Sulegi, 926
Sulphate-See: -Iron sulphate
934
Sulphate & Carbonate of Zinc Sulphur sublimed-See:See:-Zinc sulphate & JCarSublimed sulphur
bonate
Sultana champa, 23~ee:-,
Sulphate ferreux, M/64
Champa (varieties)
Sulphate of alumina-See: Sultan champa, 236
Aluminous Sulphate
-See :-Champa (varieties)
Sulphate of Alumina & potash, Sultani, 1286
M/2-See: -Alumina &
Sumach, 1061
potash sulphate
Sumak, 1061; 1062
Sulphate of Aluminium & Am- Sumali, 235
monium, M/2
Sumana, 704
Sulphate of Calcium-See: Sumandarsaka, 1095-See:Exsiccated calcium sulphate
Saka (varieties)
Sulphate nf Soda, M/101-See: Sumatra camphor-See:--Soda sulphate
Camphor (varieties)
Sulphate of Zinc, M/133-See: Sumbra-See: -Mus-sumbra
-Zinc Sulphate
Sumbul, 542-See: -Ferula
Sulphates of Iron, M/63sumbul
See: -:-: -Iron ,sulphate
Sum-bula-theeb, 840
Sulphide-See:-Black sulSumbul-i-asfar, 1260
phide
Sumbulkhar, M/lS-See:Sulphide ash-See:-Red
Khar (varieties)
sulphide ash; Hingul
Sumul-ut-teeb, 1260
bhasma
Sumi, 800; 1161
Sulphide of Antimony, M/13 Sumlu, 187
-See: -Antimony sulphide Sumok, 1061
Sulphide of Iron, M/6S-See: Sumpura, 38
-Iron sulphide
Sumsum, 1126
Sulphide of Lead, M/87-See: Sumula-himara, 848
-Lead sulphide
Sun, 392-See: -Ghore-sun
Sulphide of Mercury--See: Sunanda, 139
Black sulphide of merSunbuluttib, 840
cury; Mercuric sulphide;
Sunda, 76~ee:-HastiInsoluble sulphide of mersunda; Kolsunda
cury
Sundara-Bandinika, 1277Sulphur-See: -Vegetable
See: -Bandinika
sulphur; Arsen-sulphur
Sundariguna ll60
Sulphur rouged ~rsenic,. 1'.~/19 Sundawa, Mi91
-See:-Arsemc. (v.arletIes) S d k '
847 S
1h
f
i.
M/45
un ay- lray,
- ee:-S up
uret 0 Arsemc,
Kiray (varieties) .
See: ---:-Yellow . sulph~re.t of Sundew-See: -Round leaf
arsemc; Arsemc (vanetIes)
sundew' Leaf Sundew
Sulphuret of barium, M/45- Sundhan~~ee:-HathiSee: -Barium sulphuret
sundhana
Sulphuret of Sodium, 1\'1/45- $undras, 1265
See:-Sodium sulphur:_!
Sunflower, 614-Russian
Sulphuric acid, M/1l9.....
sun-flower
,.
INDEX
Sungadha-muricha, 400-See:
-Muricha
Sungal, 1197
Sungam-chedi, 165
Sungmisri, 519
Sung-misrie, 519
Sunkhali, 106-See:-Nanisunkhali
Sunna, M!42; M/44
Sunnam, M/44
Sunnamu-See: -Ralla-sunnamu
Sundi-See: -Sota-sundi
Sunn Hemp, 392-See:.Hemp (varieties)
Sunnunjon, 545
Sunonjhar, 545
Sunsung, 1046
Sunt, 1309-See: -Balsunt
Sunta, 1308
Sunthia khad, 10S-See:Khad (varieties)
Suntra, 339
Sunwar, 1056
Suparashvaka, 629
Supari, 130-See: -Malabarisupari .
Suparsva, 551
Superb Lily, 579-See: -Lily
( varieties)
Superna, 469
Suphadiekhus, 1ll6-See:Khus
Supheda-See:-Kangarisupheda
Supooja, 700
Surabhinimba, 195-See:-Nimba (varieties)
Suradaru, 295-See: -Daru
( varieties)
Suragavo, 811-Suragavo
Surahonnae, 236-See:Honne or Honnae
(varieties)
Surai, 267; 1318
Suraing, 861
Surajmaki, 614
Surajmukh, 614
\
Surajmukhi, 614
Suraj-sang, M/86-See:Sang
Surakaya, 722
Sural, 1031
Suran, 94-See: -:-.I anglisuran; Wild suran
Surana, 1190
Surangi, 236-See:Lalisurangi
Surantaeil, 600
Surapadi, 732
Surapoona, 861
Surasa, 1281-See:Shwetasurasa; Svetasurasa
Surasaruni, 949
Surashtraja, M/2
-Surate-cheka, 1266
Surati-SIOnamukhi, 288-See::
-Sonamukhi
Surbuli, 610-See: -Buli
Surchi,890
Surguja, 595
Suria-mukhi, 614
Suringana, 622
Suringi, 861
Surinjan, 369
eSurinjan-i-talk, 622
Surkh-See: -Ratisurkh;
Sandale Surkh; Shakisurkh;
Todisurkh; Zumeik-surkh;
Fiffie surkh; Gilesurkh;
Gulisurkh
Surkha-See: - Yavanikhee
surkha; Hanzal-i-Surkha
Surkhei-kursali-See: Kursali
Surma, M/13; M/87-See:Krishnasurma; Sagl-surmah
Surmainil, 677
Surmaka-patthar, M/13
Surmav, M/13
Surme, M/13
Surmoyi, A/215
Surngar, 1060
Surpan, 236-See: -Pan
(varieties)
Surpanaka, 561
'936
Sveta-basanta, 17-See:Basanta
Surpunka, 236
Sveta-gotubhi, 719-See:Sursha-See: -Swet-sursha
Gotubhi
Svetakamala, 844-See:Survalu, 106-See:-Alu
(varieties)
Kamala (varieties)
Svetakamini, 624-See:Surva-nu-bi, 935
Suryakamal, 614-See: ._Kamini
Kamal (varieties)
Svetakanchan, 183-See:Suryakanti, 614
Kanchan (varieties)
Surya-pattra, 237
Sveta-murga, 90-See:Surya-phul, 614
Murga (varieties)
Suryavarta, 599; 617
Sveta pushpa, 847
Susa-See: -Kubas-susa
Svetasarisha, 213-See:Sarisha (varieties)
Sushavi, 805
Svetashalmali, S05-See:Sussholz, 582
Sut-See: -Pajanku-sut
Shalmali (varieties)
Sutha, 418
Svetasurasa, 127S-See:Sutki fish, A/21S-See:Surasa (varieties)
Fish (varieties)
Svetberela, '1137-See:Sutranabi, 1050
Berela (varieties)
Sutra-sowa, 83S-See: -Sowa Swada masha, 580-See:(v~ieties)
Masha (varieties)
Sutre Sowa, 838-See:-Sowa Swadu, 555
(v~ieties)
'Swadu-naringa, 339-See:Suva-See: -Phattar-suva
N aringa (varieties)
.
Suvali-amli, 485-See: -Amli Swallow, A/155
Swallowwort-See: -Gigantic
(v~ieties)
Suv~na, M/32; 794
swallowwort; Vomitting
Suvarna gadde, 94-See:swallowwort
Gadde (varieties)
Swami-mara, 1161
Suvarna Gairika, M/42-See: Swanjan, 1278
-Gairika
Swanjera, 811
Suvarnaka, 285
Swarjikaksh~a, M/78
Svadukantaka, 555-See:Swarnakshira, 350-See:Kantaka (varieties)
Kshira
Swarna-kshiri, .. 133-See :-.
Svarasana, 524
Svarnajui, 702-See:-Jui
Kshiri (varieties)
(varieties)
Sweeta-sima, 254-See:Svarnajuthica, 702
Sima
Svarnamakshika-See: Sweet Basii, 861-See:Makshika (v~ieties'
Basil (varieties)
Svarnamaksika, M/66
Sweet bay laurels, 729-See:-See:-Makshika (variBay laurels
Sweet chestnuts, 293-See:eties)
Chestnut (varieties)
Svarnavanga, M/ll~$ee: Sweet or Chinese orange, 3m
Vanga (varieties) .'_-See:-Orange (varieties)
Sveta, 425
Surpano-Chero, 729-See:Ch~o
INDF.x
Sweet cloves, 1239-See:Cloves

Sweet com-See: -Evergreen
sweet corn; Corn
Sweet fennel, 1955-See:Indian sweet-fennel; Fennel
(varieties)
Sweetfiag, 35
Sweet Indrajao, 1296-See:Indrajao (varieties)
Sweet lime-See:-True
sweet-lime; Lime (varieties)
Sweet melon, 402--See:Melon (varieties)
Sweet orange-See:Orange (varieties)
Sweet Pellitory, 1037-See:Pellitory
Sweet potato, 684-See:Potato (varieties)
Sweet-rush, 104-See: ---"Rush
Sweet-scented oleander, 847See: -Oleander ( varieties)
Sweet-sop, 115-See: -Sop
(varieties)
Sweet Sop -of America, 116See:-Sop (varieties)
Sweet Tangle, 724--See:-Tangle
Sweetwood, 582
Sweet Yam, 449-See:-Yam
(varieties)
'Sweta-maricha', 811-See:Maricha (varieties)
Sweta mica, M/129-See:Mica (varieties)
Swetapoorna, 203
Swet chandan, 1098-See;Chandan (varieties)
Swet Gulab, 1071-See:Gulab
Swetmurgha, 297-See:-Murgha (varieties)
Swet padma, 844--See:Padma
Swimming bladder, A /135See:-Bladder
60
937
Sword Bean, 254-See:Beans (varieties)

Syamdhan, 897
Syandan, 432
Syrian dhurra, 1305-See:Dhurra
SY,rian Rue, 927-See: -Rue
\varieties)
Taagambharee, 392-See:Gambharee
Tabac, 850
Tabasheer, 172
Tabashira, 172
Table salt, M/I09-See:Salt (varieties)
Tabu-See: -Mitha-tabu
Tad, 209
Tadachit, 593
Tadagunny, 459
Tadamiri, 4()Q-See: -Min
(varieties)
Taddo, 1027
Tam, 1203
Tadrelu, 174
Taed,691
Taen, A/191
'raenmazhacu, A/lSI
Taenu, A/191
Tag, 392
Taga, 291-See: -Philli-taga
Tagache, 29I-See: -Doddatagache
Tagar, 1189; 1259; 1260
Tagara, 1189; 1260-See:Pinda-tagara; Shakaratagara
Tagarai, 291-See:Ushittagarai
Tagaram, M/1l6
Tagarappu-See: -Gandhitagarappu
Tagar-ganthoda, 1260-See:Ganthoda
Tagar sammi, 476-See:Sammi
938
Tagasana, 392-See: -Sana

(varieties)
Tagate-mara, 809
Taggar, 150; 1260
Taggar-ganthoda, 1260--S~:-Ganthoda
Tagirisa, 291
Tagra-See: -Bala-tagra
Tagramu, M/64
Taikilo-See:-Hodu-taikilo
Tailapaka, A/141
Tailpepper, 400-See:Pepper (varieties)
Taindu, 452; 801
Tainpuchli, 595
Taivela, 599
Taj,328
Taje khuras, 89
Tak, 784
Takada-singi, 1062-See: -,
Singi (varieties)
'\-,
Takali, 353-See: -Malukutakali
Takali-pullum-See: Munna-takalipullum
'Takapan, 976-See: -Pan
( varieties)
Takara, 291-See: -Natrumtakara; Ponnantakara
Takkile, 1010-See: -Naitakkilay
.
Takkali-See: -Milagu
Takkali; Manattakkali
Takmak, 402
Takmaki, 405
Takoli,431
Takpoedrick, 892
Takratrani, 104
Takshakha, A/165
Tal, 209; 1126-See:-Ramtal; Ashadi-tal; Hin-bin-tal
Tala, 209
Talaibodam, 746
Tala-kuch~, 300-See:Kucha (varieties)
Talam,209
Talamchedi, 994
. ,.."
J
TalanlUli, 41l-See: -Muli

(varieties)
Talamulika, 411-See:-Mulika (varieties)
Talanili, 892'-See: -Nili
(varieties)
Talatmad, 209
Talatmaddo, 209; 384-See: .
Maddo (varieties)
Talavaranaballi, 430
Talc, M/96-See:-Blacktalc;
Powderedtalc; Purified talc
Redtalc; Whitetalc; Yello"
talc
Tale, 209
Talee, 384
Taleesaptram, 3
TaleeSPlltra, 554
Tali, 384-See: -Nagtali;
Shreetali; WaHa-tali
Talibin, 1032-See: -Bin
( varieties)
Taliennoe, 600
Talimakhana, 667
Talimara, 209
Talim-khana, 667
Talipana, 384-See:-Pana
(varieties)
Talipanai, 384
TalipQt, 384
Talisaedar, 432
Talisapatram, 3
Talisar, 1060
Talisha, 554
Talispatr, 1196
Talispatra, 3; 1196
Talispatram, 554
Talispatri, 3; ..554
Talk, M/123-See: -Zabangungishk-i-t.lk
Talkh-See: -Kavishtetalkh
Talla, 425-See::_:_Vadatalla
Tallapal, 849-See: -Pal
(varieties)
Tallatil, 1127-See:-Til
(varieties)
Talmakhana, 667
Talmakhana-ka-pair, 667
INDEX
939
Talmorang, 876-See:Tambad gota, 691~ee:

Rang (varieties)
Gota (varieties)
Taloora, 1132
Tambaga, M/~7
Taltar, 209-See: -Tar
'Tambaga-putch, M/130Talum, 894
See:-Putch
Talutama, 203-See:Tambaku, M/130; 850-See:Tama
Bontamaku
Tam, M/47
Tambat, 130; 554; 555
Tama, M/47-See:Tambay, M/47
.
Talutama
Tambda Bhopla, 407-See:Tamabin, 776-See: -Bin
Bhopla (varieties)
(varieties)
Tambda math, 88-See:.Tamak, 850
Math (varieties)
Tamakhu, 850
Tambde-khaskhasache-jhad,
Tamaku-See:-Bon-tamaku;
901-See: -Khaskhasachejhad
.
Gidar-tamaku
Tamal, 333; 565; 568
Tambdi Chitraka, 989-See:Tamala, 565-See: -NaktaChitraka (varieties)
mala
Tambdi dupari, 932-See:Tamalamu, 568-See:Dupari
Memadi-tamalamu
"Tambdi kel", 822-See:Tamalapaku, 961
Kel (varieties)
Tamalapatra, 331 v
Tambdi-savaru, 20&c-See:Tamaria, 723
Savarn
Tamanya, 1285
Tamberam, M/47
Tamarai, 844-See: -Anatara Tambia, M/62
atamara; Erra tamara
Tambit, 698
Kondatamara; KrishnaTambol, 960-See:tamara; Malaittamara
Oloktambol
Tamarai, 844-See: -Shivappu Tamboli-See: -Pan-tamboli
tamarai; Agasa-tamarai;
Tambra, M/47
Alli-tamarai
Tambrut, 111; 698
Tamarang, 163-See: -Rang
Tambul, 1'30; 1302; 1303
(varieties)
Tambula, 960
Tamaratamu, 164
Tambuta, 756
Tamaratta, 164-=-See: -Ratta Tamdo.,kudo, 849-See:or Rattai (varieties)
Kudo (varieties)
TamarattaiJ 164-See: -Ratta Tamida, 476
or Rattai (varieties)
Tamidalu, 477
Tamara-valli, 949
Tamilama, 203
Tamar-i-hind, 1191
Tamkai, 1203-See: Kai or
Tamarindi, 1191
Kayi (varieties)
Tamarind Tree, 1191
Tammachettu, 739
Tamarind Stone, 1191
Tamra, M/47
Tamarinier, 1191
Tamrakuta, 850
.Tamba, M/47; 739
Tamra Nagkesara, 861-See:Tambada math, 87-See:Nagakesara (varieties)
Math
Tamrapushpi, 1295
Tamravalli, 1075
Tankana, M/103
Tamruj,473
Tankan-khar, M/103-~:
Tamthar, 594
Khar (varieties)
Tamtoli-See: -MaruTankari, 951-See:-Kari
tamtoli
.
(varieties)
Tan, 209
Tank fish, A/214-See:-Fish
Tana, 362-See: -Dintana
(varieties)
Tanach,432
Tanki-See:-Muchi-tanki
Tanakumaram, 362
Tankrikkai, 1203-See:-Kai or
Tanba, 363
Kayi (varieties)
Tanbak,850
Tanmori, 951
Tanbol, 961-See:-BargeTanner's cassia, 284-See:tanbol
Cassia (varieties)
Tandala, 486
Tanni, 1203
T~ndhari, 522
Tannikai, 1203-See:-Kai or
Tandi, 1203
Kayi (varieties)
Tandi-chatomarak, 890-See:(varieties)
Chatomarak
Tannirvittang, 151
Tandi-JhapIli, 1319-See:Tannirvittan Kizhangu, 153;
Jhapni
154-See:-Kizhangu (varieTandikaya, 1203
ties)
Tandi-tonda, 1203
Tanrikai, 1203-See:-Kai or
Tando Chatoonarak, 890
Kayi (varieties)
Tandrakaya, 1203
Tanrik-kay, 1203
Tandul,877
. Tansapal, 674-See:-Pal
Tandula, 877-See:-Chitra(varieties)
tandula; Tikshna-tandula
Tansoopaurn, 1173
Tanternu, 291-""':See:-KondaTanduliya, 91
tanternu
Tandulja, 89; 90
Tanti-yarnu,
191
Tandur, 338
Tanurn,415
Tangahullu, 428
Tapasataruvu, 1205
Tangam, M/32
Tapaswini, 840
Tangay-See:-KadalaTapata-See:-Nallatapata
tan,gay
Tapery Beans, 937-See:Beans (varieties)
Tangedu, 284-See:-- N eltangedu; Saidi-tangaedu; See- Taph-jhad, 804
Tapia, 387
ma-tangedu.
Tapichha,
565-See:-Chha
Tangle-See:-Sweet Tangle.
Tapinja, 565
Tangra fish, A/215-See:Tapkote, 1256
Fish (varieties)
Tar-See:-Taltar
Tani, 1203-See:-Koditani'
Tara, M/13; 923-See:Tanikoi, 1293-See:-Koi
Shortara
Tarabatta, M/55
Tankal,377
T~ragashee, 291
Tankala, 29l-See:-Ran-..
tankala; Kala (varieties)_
Taral,1173
,,J-.'
50
INDEX
Tarali, 1307
Taramakshika, M/66-See:Makshika (varieties)
Taramashia-See:-Mishk-it.lramashia
Taramira, 506
Taramiri, 50~See:-Miri
(varieties)
Taramshi-See:-Mishk-itaramshi
Tarasi-See:-Verricha-tarasi
Taravada, 284-See:-Vada
Taravada-gida, 284
Tarbuj, 338
Tarbuz, 338
Tari, 209; 1203; 1300
Tarakakdi,406-See:-Kakdi
Tarkhah-See:-Spirah Tarkhah
Tarmuj,338
Tarnelly, 331
Taro, 923 .
,
Tarota, 291
Tarse kotap, 594-See:Kotap
Tartar-See:-Salt of Tartar
Tartiha, 141
Tartrate of Potassium, M/89See:-Potassium tartrate
Tarulata, 690
Tarwad-See:-Bhui-tarwad
Tarwar, 284
Tasu, 222
Tatara, 717
Tatichettu, 209
Tatpalang 876-See:Palang (varieties)
Tatrak, 1061
Tatri, 1061
Tattaniaram, 1181
Tattu, dattura, 440-See:Dattura (varieties)
Tattunua, 876
Tattur, 434
'Patulah, 434
Tatwen, 144
Tavakeera, 413-See:-Keera
( varieties)
Tavakhir, 634
Tavakshiri, 172; 413-See:Kshiri
Tavaray, M/116-See:-Biletavaray
.
Tavare, 844-See:'-Biletavaray
Tavir, 563
Tavkil, 770
Tawas, M/2
Tay-lak-youk, M/13
Tazaktsum, 1060
Tea-See:-Tea plant
(varieties)
Teak-See:-Bastard teak
Teak Tree, 1197-See:Bastard teak
Tea plant, 247; l213-See:Java tea; Mature tea-tree;
Mexican tea
Techinya, 433
Tedlapala, 1296-See:-Pala
(varieties)
Teedadhudaka, 753
Teel, 1126
Teeta, 576-See:-Mahateeta
Teff grass-See:-Red teff
grass
Tegada, 691
Tegu, 1197
Teherg, 433
Tein, M/l6
Tejbal, 1302-See:-Bal
(varieties)
Tejbala, 532-See:-Bala
(varieties)
Tejmal, 1302
Tejpat, 331; 333-See:-Pat
(varieties)
Tejpath, 332
Tejpatra, 331
Tekar-See:-Kala-tekar;
Safed-tekar
Teka-raham, 471-See:Raham
942
Tekka, 1197
THE INpIAN MATERIA MEDICA
Tella manga, 569-See:Manga (varieties)

tekkali
Tella~oolaka, 1149-See:Tekkoo, 1197
Moolaka
Tella-motuku, 432; 890-See:'l'ekku, 1197
Motuku
.
Tekku-maram, 1197
Tella tumma, 16-See:Tektasak, 387-See:-Sak
Tumma (varieties)
( varieties)
Tella-upi, 165-See:-Upi
Tel, 1126 - See:- Hora-tel' Tella-varinka, 548-See:Krishna-tel; Machhi-ka-tel:
Varinka
Mitha-tel; Mifho-tel' Tilka~
Tellavavili,
1278-See:-Vavili
tel
'
(varieties)
Telaga pindi, 126-See:-Pindi Tellia-See: -Meetha tellia
( varieties)
Tellicherry bark, 634-See:Telakucha, 355-See:-Kucha
Conessi or Tellicherry bark
( varieties)
.
Tellimara-See:-Canari-telliTela pashanum, M/16-See:mara
Pashanum (varieties)
Telni-mashi, A/206
Telenimakhi, A/206; A/207
Teltuppi, 890
Telescope-fish, A/214-See:- Telugu potato, 94-See:Fish (varieties)
Potato (varieties)
Teli-garjan, 456-See:-Garjan Telugu potato or Elephant's
( varieties)
foot, 94-See:-Potato (vaTelini fly, A/206; A/207
rieties); See also:-Prickly
Telinipoka, A/206-See:-Poka
leaves elephant's foot, 474
Temburani, 452
Teliyenni, 617
Temru, 452; 453
Telkata, 617-See:-Kata
Ten, 363
(varieties)
Tendu, 452; 453
Tel-Kodukki, 617
~
Tene armani, M/94:-See:Tella-damaru, 1265-See:Armani
Damaru (varieties)
Tene-atti. 545-See:-Atti
Telladu maramu, 1265
( varieties)
Telladu:radagondi, 1226-See:Teng,
1082
Gondi (varieties)
Tenga-See
:-Chengeri-tenga
Tellagadda, 65-S~e:-Gadda
Tenginamara,
363
(varieties); Adavi-tellagada
Tengu,
363
Tella-galijeru, 1229-See:Tenkayichettu, 36_i}
Galijeru
Tennai, 1131
.
Tellaghalijeroo, 1228-S~e:
Tentul,
1191
Ghalijeroo
Tella-jonna, 1160-See:-Jonna Tentul'i, 1191
Teora; 726
(varieties)
Teori, 691
Tellakaluva, 859-See:Teparee, 9~1
Kaluva
"
Tella-madoi, 1198-See:- ,_ - Tephrosia-See:-Purple
Madoi
,'_'
tephrosia
Tekk~li, 75~See:-Seemay
INDEX
Tera, 691
Terada, 676-See :-Bhuyaterada
Terebinth, 975
Teregam, 235-See :-Gam
rerrichcha, 432
Tersulphide of antimony, M/13
-See:-Antimony (varieties)
Teshira-monsha, 522-See:Monsha
1'essul, 1303
Testa-See :-Ovi Testa
Testicles of a sheep or goat,
A/143 - See:-Devil's testicle
Tesu, 222
Tetan-kottai, 1181-See:Kottai (varieties)
Teti, 402-See :-Sakkar-teti
Tetraborate Sodium, M/103See :-Sodium tetraborate
Tettian, 118.1
Tetu, 876
Teumani-chettu, 1317
Tezab, M/119
Tezpur, 568
Thada, 594
Thaddo, 1027
Thadsal, 594-See:-Sal
(varieties)
Tha-du-wa, 708
Thagara-See:-Pindithagara
Thagarai-See :-Usi-thagarai
Thagarai-verai, 291-See:Verai (varieties)
Thagara-padika, 568--See:Paidithagara
Thalai-See :-Parangithalai
Thalanji, 353
Thalma, 946
Thamattan, 254
Tliambaon, 1211
Thambati, 130
Thamma, 254
Tham-wen, 1095
Than, M/54
Thana, 1203
943
Thanat-dau, 563-See :-Dau

Thandra, 1203
Thandukkirai, 88-See:-Kirai
( varieties)
Thanella, 569
Thaner, 1196
Thanetkha, 821
Thani, 1203
Thanu-wen, 418--See:-Wer
Thao,571
Tharra, 594
Thartuvel, 1162
Thasaung, 524
Thatch grass, 1088
Thathara, 211
Thau-ba-ya, 339
Thagwabo, 1105
Thayet, 764
Thazavn-mina, 524-See:Mina
Thazhai, 894
The, 1213
Thechhi, 698
Thee, 1213
Thegi, 426
Thelkodulkukkai, 771-72-See:
-Kukkai
Thelu-kodi, 817-See :-Kodi
(varieties)
Themg-dan-hsa, M/109
Thendarmani, 799
Thengan, 653
Thenkayamanu, 363
'Then-muswe, M/46
Thenthe-See :-Kavathenthe
Thespesia afeuilles de peuplier,
629
Theyto-See:-Thora-theyto
Thick-leaved lavender, 113See:-Lavender (varieties)
Thikam-daridah, 980-See:Daridah
Thikri, 202
Thiksnamanu, 863-See:Manu (varieties)
Thimai-Velvelam, 16-See:Velvelam
Thirr, 1126
1
Thistle-See :-Camel's thistle;
Globe thistle; East Indian
Globe-thistle; Sow thistle;
Yellow thistle; Indian Globe
thistle
Thit-ka-du, 294-See :-Kadu
(varieties)
Thitsi, 776
nitto, 1097
Thivati, 1218
Thiya-kandha, 94-See:Kandha
Thohar, 522; 524-See:-Barkithohar
Thohur,'524
Tholkuri, . 662-See :-Kuri
(varieties)
Thomul,877
Thona, l],96
Thondi-See :-Marithondi
Thon-phiyu, M/42-See:Phiyu
Thonri-See:-Maruthonri
Thonthapala, 1297-See:-Pala
(varieties)
Thoonia loth, 373
Thor, 524
Thora, 52~ee:-Khurasani
thora; Netarioth~a
Thora danadalio, 529-See:Danadalio
Thorapimpli, 1117-See:Pimpli
Thora-they-to, 872-See:They to
.
Thoree-See:-J ang-thoree
Thorinjal, l106-See:-Injal
Thorla-limbu, 346-See:Limbu (varieties)
Thorli-guDj,39-See:-Gunj
Thornapple, 434-See:-Apple
( varieties)
Thotalpadi; 799
Thotha-See:-Nila-thotha .'''''
Thottal shurungi, 799-See:Shurungi

Thottal-vadi, 799
Thottamvati, 799
Thottasiningi, 799
Thotti-See:-Kurunthotti
''I'hottiar' dates, 944-See:Dates (varieties)
Thracham, 328
Three-leaved caper, 387-S~:
-Caper
.
Thulasi, 863
Thul-kurhi, 299-See:-Kuri
(varieties)
Thurn, 65
Thumbhul, 673
Thumbi-See:-Karithumbi
Thumbo-See :-Kalo-thumbo
Thummittikai, 405-See:-Kai
or Kayi (varieties)
Thuneer, 1196
Thuner, 1196
Thungtu, 1274
Thuno, 1196
Thurai, 230-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Thurbud, 691
Thuringi, 60; 797
Thuteribenda, 8-See:Benda
Thuththi,8
Thuthulai, 1153
Thuti, 518
Thwak,328
Thyme-See :-Garden thyme;
Wild thyme
Thyme-leaved gratiola, 624See:-Gratiola,.>thymeleaved
11a, 1\/216
_
Tibet musk, A/197-See.:Musk (varieties)
Tibilti, 978
Tid-danda. 1307-See :-Danda
Tidhara, 522
Tigade, 691
Tigamushadi, 1220
INDEX
Tiga-5ee:-Dondatiga; Gila- Tikul, 565-See:-Kul

tiga; N ellatiga; Pachitiga;
(varieties)
Putatiga; Murial-tiga
Til, 1126 - ~: - Barik-til;
Tige--See:-Miryala tige; NaChadu-til; Kala-til; Krishnala-tige; Petlitige; Tippatige; . tilj Rakta-tilj Ramtil; Sariki. Tippatige-sattu;
Tippatigetil; Tallatil
veru; Kadep-tige
Tila, 1126
Tiger, A/ISI
Tilaha, 1126
Tiger's Claw, 771
Tilaka, 332
Tiger's Milk Tree, 532-See:- Tilanaka, 1087
Milk-tree
Tila-taila, 1126
Tihiri-See :-Kinai tihiri
Tilavana, 599-See :-KattilaTihya-garjan, 456-See:van; Mhoti tilavana; Mohti-
Garjan (varieties)
tilavana
Tikatasij, 522-See:-Sij
Tile-milahul-gile, MI101
(varieties)
Tili, 1126
Tikchana, 728-See :-Chana
Tiliakora, 1220-See:-Kora
(varieties)
(varieties)
.
Tikhi, 33I-See:-Ran-tikhi
Tilivana-See:-Pivla-tilivana
Tikhur, 634
Til-ka-tel, 1126-See:-Tel
Tikkari, 949-See:-Kari
(varieties)
Tikke, 332 .
Tilla-chedi, 532
Tikkor,770
Tillachettu, 532
Tikkur. 413-See :-Kur
Tillaka, 1186
( varieties)
Tilla-kada, 523
Tikora, 413-See:-Kora
Tilmin, 1126-See:-lVlin
(varieties,)
(varieties)
Tikoshak. 387
THora, 154
Tikri, 334
Tilparni, 351-See:-Parni
Tikshna iron, M/56-See:(varieties)
,
Iron (varieties)
Tilvan, 351-See :-Kattilavan;:
Tikshnam. M/55
Tilavana; M 0 h t i -tilavana;
Tikshnatandula, 965-See:Mhoti-tilavana
Tandula (varieties)
Timah, M/116
Tikta-See :-Anaryatikta; Ma- Timaputih, Mj85
hatiktaj Vanatikta; Kirata- Timar, 165; 452
tikta
Timbotikyobo, 328
Tiktadugdha, 891-See:Timi, A/144
Dugdha
Timtima, 1061
Tikta-koshataki, 752-See:Timukhia, 266
Koshataki (varieties)
Timur, 1303-See :-Purpuray'
Tiktalana, 722
timur
Tiktarah 94
Tin, N(/ll6-See:-Impure tin;,
Pure tin
Tikta-tumbi, 721-See:Tina, 897-See:-Valutina;
Tumbi (varieties)
Velvottuvalutina
Tiktika - See:- Vanatiktika;
Tinaburu, 1303
Vanitiktika
THE INDIAN l\-IATERIA MEDICA
Tin bisulphurette:-See:Bisulphurette of tin

Tineal, M/103
'Tindisha, 1
Tinduka, 452; 454; 1175-See;
-Kakatinduka
Tine-gazur, M/101-See:Gazur
'Tingalavaray, 942-See:-Avaray
Tinis, 890
Tinisa-segandun, .8oo-See:Segandun
Tinkal, M/103
Tinkar, M/103
Tinkar-tankar, M/103
Tinmani, 351
Tinnai,897
Tinnevelly Senna, 286-See:Senna (varieties)
Tinpani, 842
'Tins a, 432
Tintidi, 1191
Tintil, 1191
'Tintili, 1191
'Tintiri, 1191
Tintralli, 1191
Tinyri, 959
'Tipari, 951
'Tippali, 965-See:-Katutippali; Anaitippali
'Tippatega, 356
Tippatige, 1220-See:-Tige
( varieties)
'Tippa-tige-sattu, 1220-See:Tige (varieties)
'Tippatige-veru, 1220-See:Tige (varieties)
Tippili, 965-See:-Attitippili
Tippilli, 965
, 'Tippli, 965
'Tiprikayi, 752-See :-Kai lor
Kayi (varieties)
'Tir, 1126
Tirat, 392
'Tireer, 1239
'Tiri, 955; 956
Tirikon, 522-See :-Kon

(varieties)
Tirippi-See:-Vattatirippi
Tirnut-patchi, 862-See:Patchi
Tirugu-kalli,529-See:-Kalli
( varieties)
Tirukalli, 529-See :-Kalli
(varieties)
Tirunirupachai, 862
Tirullitri, 862
Tirunitri-Pachcha, 141
Tiru-nitru, 861
Tiruvatti, 183
Tiryakphala, 924
Tisi, 743
Tismahitam, M/83
Tissi, 1089
Tita, 376 - See:-Bakah-tita;
Maha-tita; Mishamitita;
Zara-tita
Titabli, 433
Tita-illdrajao, 634-See;Illdrajao (varieties)
Titakunga, 465
Titaliya, 1159
Tita-Pat, 377-See:-Pat
(varieties)
Titir, A/141; A/1S2
Titm-ber, 131S-See :-Ber
(varieties)
Titteriphala, 396
Tittiri, A/l~2
Titt-taval, 360
Tivar, 165; 1160
Tivatigai-See:-Kattivatigai
Tiwas, 890
Tobacco, 850
".
Todali, 1318-See :-Kadatodali
Todami-See:-Pathmaputodami
- Todda-maram, 423
Toddapana, 422-See-Pana
(varieties)
Toddy, 1300
Toddy Palm, 946-See:-Palm
(varieties)
INDEX
Todri-safed, 773-See:-Safedtodri
Todrisurkh, 304-See:Surkh (varieties)
.
'Togari, 231 .Toka-miriyalu, 400-See:Miriyalu (varieties)
Tokka, A/155
'Tokmalanga, 724-See:Malanga (varieties)
Toli-See :-Karuntoli
Tolib-ul-khubza, 1028
'Toluene-See-Derivatives of
toluene
"Toluk-petta, A/162
'Tomato, 756-Strawberry
~omato
)
"Tondala-See :-Ran-tondala
'Tonde~kayee, 300-See:-Kai
or Kayee or Kayi (varieties)
Tonde-konde, 300-See:Konde
'Tondi, 235-See:-Meritondi
Tondli,300
Tonkin musk, A/197-See:Musk (varieties)
Tooda, 816
Too-fup, 1143
Toola, 816
Toon, 295-See :-Red toon
Toona, 294; 295
Toon-maram, 295
Toora-ellay, 805
Toorshi, M/52
Tooth Brush Tree, 1092-See:
-Brush tree
Toppi, 481
Tor, 231-See :-Koh-tor
Tora, 291
Torai, 751-See:-Ram-torai
Taralaga, 742
Toran. 1318
,
Torathi, 656
Torbanna, 1278
Torch tree, 699
Torematto-madi, 1211
947
Tori, 231-See:-Kali-tori; Calartori; Galartor:i; Pittori

Tarki, 680
Tormatti, 1199-See:-Matti
( varieties)
Totalvadi, 799
Totilla, 876
Totonopak, 518
Touchwood, 50; 51
Tounghpyu, M/41
Toung-than-gyee, 1010
Towel Gourd, 751-See:Gourd (varieties)
Towshay, 403
Toyapippali, 1l04-See:Pippali (varieties)
Tragacanth-See:-Gum
tragacanth
Trambo, M/47
Tranaraj, 363
Trapu, M/1l6
Trapusha, 403
Traveller's Tree, 1054
Trayamana, 550; 1213
Tree-cotton See:- Cotton
Trayamana (varieties); Indian tree-cotton
Tree-Turmeric, 187; 384-See:
-Turmeric (varieties)
Tree Spurge-See :-Indian
tree-spurge; Spurge (varieties)
Trepatra, 1239
Trevalchinippal, 565-See:Chinipal (varieties)
Triangular spurge, 522-See:Spurge (varieties)
Trichosanthes contourne, 1236
Trichosanthes du Malabar, 1235
Trichosnathes lacinie, 1237
Tridhari, 522
Trifolio, 842
Trikala-mulla, 763-See:Mulla
Trikana, 965
Trikantah, 1229
Trikanta-juti, 165-See:-Juti
Trikantaka, 529-See:Kantaka (varieties)

Trikundri, 1229
Trhriburu, 1302 .
Trimen, 1230
Trinadwajab, 172
Trinisha, 432
Trinpali, 770
Tripakshee, 371
Tripungkee, 371
Triputa, 475; 691; 726
Trishirmonsa, 522
Triticum, 56
Triti-sukshmam, 475
Trivrit, 691
Troja, 1071
Trona, M/10l
Tropical Duckweed, 976-See:
Duckweed
Trottoo, 430
True Barberry, 191-See:Barberry (va~ieties)
True Custard Apple of America, 115 - See:-Bullock's
heart (Custard apple)
True Indigo, 680-See :-Indigo
(varieties)
True lemon grass, 104-See:Lemon grass
True Sweet lime, 346-See:Sweet-lime; Lime (varieties)
True valerian, 1259-See:Valerian (varieties)
Truffle douce, 684-See:Douce
Truti, 475
Tsallogadda, 151-See:~adda
(varieties)
Tsallu, 1061
Tsalsuma, 1061
Tsiagri-nuren, 452
Tsuing, M/46
Tu-ak, 1300
Tualiqun, M/48
Tubah.,445
Tuberika, 231
Tudaivachi, 389
,"'_;
Tudavalam, 1152-See:Valam (varieties)

Tudavullay, 1153
Tue, 548
Tugakshiri, 172-See :-Kshiri
(varieties)
Tuka-See :-Pindi:'tuka
Tukamerian, 864
Tukati-khareti, 1138-See:Khareti
Tukham-i-rihana, 864-See:Rihana
Tukhm-e-abi, 1038-See:-Abi
Tukhm-e-kasani, 313-See:Kasani
Tukhm-ferungmishk,464See :-Ferungmishk; Mishk
( varieties)
Tukhm-i-balangu, 724-See:Balangu
Tukhm-i-bikh~-hayata, 354See:-Bikhe-hayata
Tukhm-i-kasusa, 420-See:Kasusa
Tukhm-i-nil, 688; 689-See:Nil (varieties)
Tukhm-i-sanopara, 957-See:
Sanobara (varieties)
.
Tukhmiza-ghira, 743
Tukhmiza-ghira- See :-Ghira
Tukhm-malanga, 1093-See:Malanga (varieties)
Tukim-i-baratunga, 986See~-Baratunga
Tukm-e-khitame, 84-See:Khitame
Tukm-i-gandna, 855-See:Gandna
'"
Tukm-i-kahu, 719-See:Kahu
~
Tula, 587-See:-Kapas-tula;
Vartula
Tula ambor; 816-See:-Ambor
Tulasi, 865
Tulasi, 863; 865-See:-Bantulasi; Bhu-tulasi; Bisva:tulasi; Dhala-tulasi; Elumi-
INDEX
cham tulasi; Gandha-tulasi;

Gola-tulasi; Kala-tulasij Kari-tulasi; Kattarama-tulasi;
Katturamtulasi; Krishnatulasi; Kukkatulasi; Kuppatulasi; Nai-tulasi; Nayitulasi;
Nimma-tulasi;
Ram-tulasi;
Ran-tulasi;
Shiva-tulasi;
Van-tulasi; Sukla-tulasi
Tulatipati, 951
Tulep tree, 629
Tulgonri, 611
Tulidun, 1151
'Tulka-pyre, 937-See:-Pyre
(varieties)
'Tuna-See: -Madura-tulIa
Tulsamudra, 733
Tulse, 130
Tulsi, 861; 863-See:-Kalatulshi; Babui-tulsi; Bhuitulsi
Tultuli, 652
"fuma, 9
'Tumal,454
Tumala, 454
Tumatti- See :-Hatt-ttumatti;
Kattu tumatti; Peyt-tumatti
Tumba, 739-See:-Gattatumba; Peetumba
Tumbade-See:-Kadwitumbade
'Tumbai-See:-Kazuthaitumbai
'Tumbai-cheddi, 739-See:Cheddi (varieties)
'Tumbay-keere, 739
Tumbekonji, 254
Tumbi, 335; 453-See:-Katutumbi; Tikta-tumbi
'Tumbilik-kay, 453
Turnbo, 739
Tumbugai-pishin, 1133
Tumburu, 1302
Tumika, 452
'Tumiki-See:-Chilta-tumiki
'Tumikich0ttU, 453
'Tumil, 453
949
Tumma-See:-Nugatumma;
Nallatuma; Tellatumma
Tummatti-See:-Paedikari
attutummaW; Vasitummatti;,
Atti (varieties)
Tumni, 739
Tumpa-See:-Karitumpa
Tumra, 1302
Tumru,1302
Tumvuru, 453
Tun, 294
'luna, 294
Tunaon, 809
Tunavu, 809
Tundakesi, 587
Tundika, 300
Tung, 1196; 1197-See:Rai-tung
Tunga-See:-Kala tunga
Tunga-gaddai, 428-See:Gaddai
Tunga-musthalu, 428
Tungamusti, 428-See:Mushti (varieties)
Tungrukung, 1302
Tuni, 294
Tunkana, M/103
Tunth-See:-Nepal tunth
Tunumaram, 294
Tupi,713
Tupkada-See:-Ran-tupkada
Tupkadi, 8; 1138; 1251
Tupkaria, 1134-See:-Karia
( varieties)
Tuppa-See:-Jaentuppa
Tur, 231
Tura, 561
Turai, 751-See:-KarviTurai; Ramturai; Ran-turai
Turaka-bevu, 784
Turan, 1318
Turanj,348
Turanjabin, 61l-See:-Bin
(varieties)
Turanji-See:-Katturanji
Turapauli, 1276
Turarimannu, M/100
950
Turati, M/2
Turband, 691
Turbe, 1049
Turbeda, 691
Turbith Vegetal, 691-See.:Vegetal
Turbuch, 402
Turi, M/52, 751; 752
Turia, 751; 75Z
"Turkish Wheat'" 1305-See:Wheat (varieties)
Turmas, 755
Turmeric, 414~See:
Cochin-turmeric Treeturmeric; Wild turmeric
Turmuz, 755
Turnip, 214
Turpentine-tree:-See:Chian turpentine-tree
Turpeth root, 691
Turpeth-Trichterwinde, 691
Turphylla-See:Unaniturphylla
Tursak, 105S-rSee:-Sak
(varieties)
Turshah, 1079
Turtle, A/I54
Turtles, A/202
Turu, 561
Turukageru, 96-See:-Geru
(varieties)
Turukavepa, 784-See:Vepa (varieties)
Tut, 816; 817
Tuta, 817-See:-Nila-tuta
Tutanagam, M/130-See:N agam (varieties)
Tutenague, M/130
Tutham, 369
Tuthanjana, 369-See:Anjana (varieties)
Tuti, 403; 816
Tutia, M/52; M/132-See:Haran-tutiya; Hara-tutia;
Hura-tutia; Nella tutia
Tutiri-chettu, 8
Tutiya-saba, M/64-See:Haratutia
"
...
Tutri,816
Tutta, 8; M/52-See:Mortutta
Tuttha-See:-Hiranya-tuttha;
Kharparatuttha
Tuttam-turichi, M/52
Tuttam or Tuttham, M/52See:-Mayid-tuttam;
Mayilu-tuttam; Mayuratuttham
Tutti, 8-See:~Ottuttutti;
Paniyar-tutti; Peruntutti
Tuttinaga, M/130-See:-Naga
(varieties)
Tuttu-See:-Mayil-tuttu
Tuttunagam, M/130-See:N agam (varieties)
Tutturabenda, 1134-See:Benda (varieties)
Tuvara, 231 .
Tuvarai, 231-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Tuvaraka, 658
Tuvari, M/2; 231
Tuver, 231
Twitch,56
Two-flowered Indian Madder,
869-See:-Indian Madder;
Madder (varieties)
Tyib,537
Ubdie-narikaylum, 749
Ubha-gokhru, 926-See:Gokhru (varieties)
Ubhi ringani, 1149-See:Ringani (varieties)
Ubkir, M/91
U chchhe, 805
U chchinta, 1153_:_See:Chinta (varieties)
Uchellu, 595-See:-Ellu
(varieties)
Uda-See:-Narkya-uda
Udajati, 467-See:-Jati
(varieties)
95t
Umari, 145-See :-Ari

Udala, 61-See:-Ala
Umatai, 434; 440-See:-Karu(varieties)
umattai
Udalai, 302; 70S-See:-Alai
Umathan, 434-See :-Marul~ Udayan, 868
umathan
Uddu, 940
Umatta-vrikshaha, 434-See:Uddulu, 940
Vrikshaha (varieties)
Ud-el-juj, 120
Ude-salam, 894-See:-Salam Umbar, 548
Umbar-gular, 548-See:(varieties)
Gular (varieties)
Udi,236
Umbaro, 548
Udid, 940
Umbelia, 478
Udimaram, 868
Umbro-See :-Dhed-umbro)
Udis,71
Umbu, 829
Udrikchettu, 595
Umbuti,890
Ud-salam,893-See:-Salam
Umde-See:-Vede-umde
. (varieties)
Umetta, 434
U d-salap, 893; 894-See:Ummam, 434
Salap (varieties)
Ummatha, 434
Uduga-chettu, 58
Ummatta-See:-Arasina-
Udumara, 548
ummatta
Udumber, 548
Ummattay, 434
Uerangyum, M/23
Ummatum, 434
UfIes,1041
Ugaru, 532
Ummettodumbara, 550
Ughaiputtai, 1091; 1092
Ummughilam, 9
Ugragandha,65-See:Umul-kuchi, 229
Gandha (varieties)
Una, 172
Ugragranthi, 35-See:Unamanigida, 1255
Granthi (varieties)
Unaniturphylla, 519-See:Ujar-kanta, 133-See:Turphylla
Kanta (varieties)
Undag, 236
Ukamaram, 273
Undal, 803
Ukra, 1164
Undana, 861-8ee :-Dana
Ukshi, 247
(varieties)
Ulatchandal, 579
Undee-phal, 236
Ulavalu, 458
Undera-cha-kan, 719
Ulinja, 271
Underbibi, 706
Ulisi, 595
Underkani, 690
Ullegaddi, 63-See:-Gaddi
Undi, 235; 236
Ulli-poondu, 65-See:-Poondu
Undi-Mandare, 997-See:UlooRa, Aj144
Mandare
Ulpalabheda, 113
Undrachekan, 1196
Ululgyan bullu, 449
Undri, 662
Ulundu, 940
Ulunnu, 940
Unhali, 561
Uluva. 1240-See:-Uva
Unmatta - See:-A r s h a -.
Uma, 743
unmatta; Krishnaunmatta
Um'ar, 548
Unnab, 1318
:952
'IRE INDIAN MA'I'ERIA MEDICA
Unprepared honey, A/193Urla kalangu, 1154-See:See:-Honeywild; Honey

Gadda (varieties)
(varietes)
~
Urla kalanga, 1154-See:Unslaked lime, M/45-See:Kalangu (varieties)'
Lime (varieties)
Urni, 353; 384
Urohi-mahor-pat, 459-Pat
Untakatara, 468
(varieties)
Untoali, 561
U rsanigu, M/21
Upachakra, A/138
Urti-poorti, 1221
Mandare
Uruellu, 1126-See:-Ellu
Upadyki, 1007
(varieties)
Upakunchika, 854-See:Uruk--es-suff, 415
Kunchika (varieties)
Urula, A/196
Upalet, 1108
Uru-laikkizhangu, 1154--See:
Upana, 150
-Ki7.hangu (varieties)
Uparanthi, 623
Urumatti, 387-See:-Matti
-Upas tree, 128
(varieties)
Upavishaka, 25-See:Uruvalu, 141
Vishaka
Uruvanjik-kaya, 1103
-Upercao, 619
Urziz, M/116
Upersari, 619
Usana, 988
Upi-See :-Tella-upi
Userekee-See:-NalaUpland Georgian, 587
userekee
Uplia-kamal, 859-See:Ushadhana, 110-See:Kamal ( varieties)
Dhana (vrieties)
Upperiparanki, 268--See:Ushak,463
Paranki
Ushaka, 542
Uppoo-See:-Patlu-uppoo
Ushaklan, 1183
Uppu, M/109-See:-Anashuppu; Kozhuppu; Droni- U shanah, 964
uppu;
Indu-uppu;
Intu- Ushbah-See:-J angli-ushbah
uppu; Kadluppu; Marada- Ushbahindi, 619-See:uppu; Mara-uppu; MoongilHindi (varieties)
uppu; Panniruppu; PappaUshchi-usirika, 949-See:tak-mora-uppu;
Patluppu;
Usirika (varieties)
Pottil-uppu; Vederuppu;
sheera,
109
U
Mannu-uppu;
Mindiriparsherihe-See:-Racha
U
uppu; Sambal-uppu; Parusherihe
...
upu; Ketiuppu
Ushittagarai, 291-See:Uppupona, 1060-See:-Pona
Tagarai
Uppu-Sanaga, 388--See:Ushna
Ooshak, 54~-See:":'"
Sanaga
Ooshak
Ur, A/146
Usiri, 481-See:-Nela-usiri
Uram,8
U sirika-See:-Ne[a-usiri
Urid,940
ka; Ushchi~usirika
Urigattige, 141
Urines of sheep; goat; 'Cow; Usi-thagarai, 530-See:Thagarai
she-buffolo; elephant;' carp.el;
horse; ass; ox; humaIl:! 1\./232 Uskia, 387
INDEX.
/
.Usrikayi, 481-See:-Kai or
Kayi or Kayee (varieties)
Ussareh-i-revanda, 565
Ustarkhar, 533-See: -Khar
(varieties)
Uste, 1153
Ustra, A/146
Ustukhudus,219
Ustukhudusa,730
U sturak, 1183
Ut, A/146
Utakantaka, 468-See:Kantaka (varieties)
Utakanto, 468
Utakatara, 1234
Utanjan, 200-See:-Anjan
(varieties)
Utarni, 430-See: -Arni
(varieties)
Uthamujeerun,980
Utichettu, 352
Utigun,725
Utkara, 821-See:-Kara
(varieties)
Utpalam, 1108
Utran,430 .
Utranajutuka,430
U ttamani, 430
Uttaraene, 21
Uttaranee, 21
U ttarani, 430
Uttatti,943-See:--Atti
(varieties)
Uukh,1083
Uus, 1083
Uva, 448-See:-Uluva
Uzomut, 1188
Vaarshiki, 704
Vabboola, 9
Vabbula,9
Vabkuchi, 1020
Vach,35
Vacha, 35-See: -Sugandhavacha
Vad,543
61
953
Vada, 543-See:-Taravada
Vadaganneru, 993-See:Ganneru (varieties)
Vadam-kottai,96; 1011-See:Kottai (varieties)
Vadatalla, 798-See:-Talla
Vadencarni, 1169
V'adha, 1137
Vadlayarala, 634-See:Yarala
Vadlikarmal, 448-See:Karma! (varieties)
Vadlikharaikapus, 630-See:Kharaikapus; Kapus
Vadli Kharwant, 550-See:Kharvant; Kharwant
Vadli namdit, 1189-See:Namdit
Vadlo, 543
Vadulan, A/230
Vadumai-See: -Nattuvadumai
Vaelapalam, 402
Vaellarai, 662-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Vaema-See: -Naepalvaema
Vaepamu-See: -Karivaepamu
Vaepu-See: -Karivaepu
Vaerkadalai, 121-See:Kadalai (varieties)
Vaerushanagalu, 121
Vagai-See: -Nilavagai
Vaganankta, 579
Vagata, 1048
Vaghai,60
Vagharni, 537-See: -Ami
(varieties)
Vaghayani, 537
Vaghe-See: -Konda vaghe;
Kotvaghe
Vaghnoru, 929
Vahassa, 807
Vahi'sa, 807
Vaidehikana, 965
Vairam, Mil
Vaishnavi, 172
954
Vaivarang, 478
Vaividangam, 478-See:Vidanga
Vaividungalu,478
Vajaram-See: -Minvajaram; Cheppuvajaram
Vajji-turki, 25
Vajra, Mil; 522; 524
Vajradanti, 175-See:-Danti
(varieties)
Vajradruma, 529
Vajrakanda, 1188-See:Kanda (varieties)
Vajrakantaka, 522-See:Kantaka (varieties)
Vajramtundi, 522
Vajrangi, 614
Vajravalli, 1284
Vaj-turki, 25
Vaka, 52; 760-See:-Brihatvaka; Nila-vaka
Vakai-See: -Nila-vakai
Vakapuslipi, 1263
Vakavraksha, 375
Vakerichebhat,229-See:Bhat
Vakeri-mul, 229
Vakeri-mula, 229-See:Mula (varieties)
Vakha-khaparo, 203-See:Khaparo (varieties)
Vakhandi-See:-Vilayativakhandi
Vakkali, 117-See:-Kali
(varieties)
Vakra, 994
Vakragra, 618
Vakuchi, 1019; 1267
Vakudu, 1150
Vakulam, 801
Vakumbha, 273
Val, 39; 461-See:-Nagneval;
Paharval
Vala, 109; 822-See:Ajavala; Kadvala; Kala-vala;
Mudivala; Nanrala; Nirvala;
Pivalavala; Parvala pr-avala
Valaka, 130
_
."....,
Valakaka, A/213-See: -Kak.

Valam, 396-See: -Koovalam
Naervalam; Tuda-valam
Valambiri, 615-See: -Biri
(varieties)
Valari, 457-See:-Kattuvalari
Valavarai, 254-See: --Varai
(varieties)
Valei, 822
Valerandu, 705
Valerian-See:-See: Indian valerian; True
valerian
Valermani, 586
Valesulu, 595
Vali, 177; 1164-See:Kirvali; Naruvali; Shatavali
Vallabhom, 271
Vallaimurdu, 1203
Vallaipundu, 65-See:Pundu (varieties)
Vallai-Sharunnai, 1228See: -Sharunnai
Vallarai, 299-See:-Rai
(varieties)
Vallari, 485; 662-See:-Ari
(varieties)
Valliharuhi, 690-See:Haruhi
Vallikalangu-See: - Kattuvallikalangu; Kalangu
( varieties)
Valli-kanjiram, 1172; 1173See:-Kanjiram
Vallil, 827
Valli pal, 150-See: -Pal
(varieties)
Valliyam, 969.::...See:-Yam
(varieties)
Val-milaku, 400
Valo, 109-See:---Bhanavalo
Kalo-valo; Pilo-valo
Valrphul, 1266
Valta-Epiila, 1256-See:Epala
Valuchi-bhaji, 578-See:Bhaji (varieties)
INDEX
Valuk,402
Valuk, 578-See:-Himvaluka
Valuluwai, 296
Vaumbari, 61S-See: -Bari
(varieties)
Valumbirikai, 615-See:Birikai; Kai (varieties)
Valuru, '1281
Valutina, 1151-See:-Tina;
Velvottuvalutina
Valutta polatali, 389-See:Polatali
Vaminta, 599-See: -Kukkavaminta; Naela-vaminta
Vamnsa-lavanum, 172See: -Lavanam (varieties)
Van, A/146
Vana-See: -Karivana
Vana-ardraka, 130B-See:Ardraka
Vana-bhenda, 1256--See: ,_
Bhenda' (varieties)
Vanaharidra, 413-See:Haridra (varieties)
Vanajai, 352-See:-Jai
(varieties)
Vana Laxmi, 822
Vanamadhusnahi, 1145-See:
-MadhusUl.,l.hi
Vanamalliga, 703-See:Malligai; Mallige
. (varieties)
anamalti, 700-See: -Malti
Vanamethi, 557-See:-Methi
(varieties)
Vana-methika, 1239-See:Methika; Methica
(varieties)
Vanamimbuka, 581-See:Mimbuka
Vanamudga, 942-See:Mudga (varieties)
Vana-mugali, 1163; 1164See:-Mugali
Vana-palandam, 1256-See:Palandam
-tt
955
Vanari, 818-See: -Ari

(varieties)
.
Vanashempaga, 531-See:Shempaga
Vanatikta, 1168-See: - Tikta
. (vaiZieties)
Vanatiktika, 362-See:Tiktika (varieties)
Vanayamam, 1130-See:Yamam
, Vanayamani, 1130-See:Yamani
Vanchi-See:-Kadavanchi;
Kallurvanchi; Nirvanchi
Vanchi Kanto, 17
Vandaka, 1263
Vandehindi-See: -Zaravandehindi; Hindi (varieties)
Vanga, Mlll6; 1151-See;Hrasvangaj Svarnavanga
Vangamaram, 876
Vangan-See: - Vilaitivangan
Vanhiruchi, 296-See:Hiruchi
Vanilla pods, 1264
Vanitiktika, 333-See:Tiktika (varieties)
Vankaya, 1151
Vankayi, 1151-See:-Kai
Kayi or Kayee (varieties)
Vankuda, 1156-See: -Kuda
(varieties)
'Vanpakyundates, 944-See:Dates (varieties)
Vansa, 40; 172
Vansalavana, Ml96-See:Lavana (varieties)
Vansapatri haritala, M/21See:-Haritala (varieties)
yantulasi, 863-See:-Tulasi
(varieties)
Vapala, 753-See:-Pala
(varieties)
Vara, 899-See: -Bahuvara;
Katu-vara; Rana-vara;
Varavara
956
Varagogu, 1092-See; -Gogu

(varieties)
Varaha-kranta, 799--See: ___ I
Kranta
Varahikand, 1190-See:-Kand (varieties)
Varai-See: -Nila-varai;
Ponnavarai
Varam, 1309-See:Chandllvaram; Sindhuvaram
Varanga, 633
Varangam, 328
Varataka, A/15S
Varatika, A/15S
Varattangi, 230 I
Varavara, 861-{ ,ee: - Vara
(varieties)
Varayi, 897
Varda abyaza, 704-See:Abyaza
Vardara, 1075-See:-Dara
Varech vesiculeux, 560
Vargalum, 1056
Varhadi, 590
Vari, 898; 899-See: -Dudhavari; H alvi-vari; Kilavari;
Peddavarij Sadavari; Shatavarij Hatavari; Satavari;
Shimai-shadavari
Vari-gudhi, 899-See:Gudhi
Vari:'mahan, 899, See:Mahan
Varinka-See: -Tella-
varinka
V ariv~ttu, 1056
Varkati, 615
Varnavat, 414
Varni, 475
Varnish tree-See: -Black
varnish tree
Varshikand-See: -Kand
. (varieties)
Varlula, 977-See:-Tula
Varuna,387-See:Ajapa-varuna
Vasa, 35-See: -NaWatjvasa

Vasaka, 40j 746
Vasanapulla, 104
Vasanavalli, 362
Vasanepillu, llO-See:Pillu (varieties)
Vasanubhl, 23
Vasanvel, 362
Vasare, 761
Vasavasi, 830
Vasha, 822
Vashambu, 35
Vashanavi, 23; 28
Vashanuppulla, 104
Vashira, 746
Vasi-tummatti, 335-See:Atti Tummatti (varieties)
Vaslakire, 177-See:Shivappu-vaslakire
Vaso, 172
Vasole-keray, 1164-See:.J...
Keray
Vastuk, 305
Vasu, 203
Vasuka, 678
Vata, 543
Vata-dalla, 1315-See: -Dalla
Vata-ghin, 353-See: -Ghin
Vat am, 543
Vatamba, 565-See:-Amba
( varieties)
Vatana, 976; 977
Vatano,977
Vatari, 1{)65
Vatatirupie, 334
Vatavraksha, 543
Vathathiruppi, 1134
'" .
Vatoli, 360
Vatasanabha, 23
Vatsanabhi, 2~ee: -Nabhi
(varieties)
Vatsika, 634
Vatta-killu Killuppai, 394
Vattampu-See: -Nandia
vattampuj N anthia-vattampu
Vattatirippi, 1134-See:Tirippi

INDEX
Vattekanni, 759-See:Kanni (varieties)

Vattilai-kasturi, 627-See:Kasturi (varieties)
Vavadinga, 478
Vavala, 651-See:-Ala
(varieties)
Vavili, 1278-See: -Nallavavili; Niruvavili; Shiruvavili; Tellavavili
Vavut, Ml103
Vayakkavalai, 1198
Vayalculli, 667
Vayambhu, 35
Vayaram, MIl
Vayastha, 480; 1205
Vayavarna, 387
Vayilethe, 1275
Vayilettu, 1275
Vayingana, 1151
Vayinge, 1151
Vayinivadunga, 524-See:Nivadunga
Vayni, 996
Vayru-See:-Paputta vayru
Vayubaliga, 478
Vayu-vilamgam, 478-See:Vilamgam
Vayz-'-See:-Munnil-vayz
Vazhapazhathi, 374 ~
Vazhukkaipillu, 422-See:Pillu (varieties)
Vazhutina-See: - Vellothuvazhutina
V chkali, 978 .
Vebudipatri, 862
Vedankike, 1264
Vederuppu, 172-See:Uppu (varieties)
Vede umde, 550-See:Umde
Vedi-halad, 414-See:Halad (varieties)
Veduru,l72
Vedurubeeam, 172
Veelum-See: -Kariveelum
Veeranam, 109
Veesaj, M/96
957
Vegetable rennet, 1291-See:

Rennet
Vegetable Sulphur, 758-See:
'-Sulphur (varieties)
Vegetal-See: -Turbith
vegetul
Vegisa-See: -Erra-vegisa
Vegtangel, 433
Veila, 792
Veilltta-champakam, 792See: -Champakam
(varieties)
Vekhand, 35
Vekhario, 682; 683
Vekhariyo, 679
Vekkan, 746
Vekkuditege, 271
Velaga, 535
Velai, 599-See: -Nayi-velai
Velakkai, 1296-See: -Kai or
Kayi (varieties)
Velakura, 589-See:-Kura
(varieties)
Velam-pasi, 1262--.-See: -Pasi
Velati kachur, 608-See:Kachur (varieties)
Velati-mung, 121-See: - .
Mung (varieties)
Velaty erandi, 706-Erandi
(varieties)
.
Velayti, Mhendi, 838-See:Mhendi or Mehndi
(varieties)
Velbondi, 177
Velchi-See: -Lal velchi;
Safed-velchi
Veldode, 92; 475--See:Mote-veldode
Velenge, 1027
Velgond,177-See:-Gond
... (varieties)
Veliki, 1264
Velipandu,402-See:Pandu
Veliparitte, 430
Veliparutti, 430-See:Parutti (varieties)
Velivi, 225

958
Vella-ellay, 827
I
Vellai-damar, 1265-See:Damar (varieties)
Vellai-Kungiliyam, 1265See: -Kungiliyam
(varieties) "
Vellai-kunrikam, 1265-See:Kunrikam
Vellai-maruda mart-m, 1198-See: -Maruda-maram
Vellai-noch-chi, 1278--See: ..,....
Nochchi (varieties)
Vellaippa-polam, 170-See:Polam
Vellai-sar~i, 1229-See:Saranai
Vellajung, 969-See:-Jung
Vella-Kadamba, 118--See:Kadamba (varieties)
Vella-kadugu, 213-See:Kadugu (varieties)
Vella-Kondrikam, 1265-See:
-Kondrikam
Vellakotuveri, 990-See:Kotuveri (varieties)
Vella-Kundurukkam, 1265See: -Kundurukkam
Vella Kurunji, 1022-See:Kurunji
Vellal, 478
Vellallay, 827
Vellalothi, 446
Vella-marda, 1198--See:Marda
Vellambal, 859-See:Ambal
Vellanaga, 375-See: -Naga
(varieties)
Vellanangu, 156
Vellanpal, 859-See: -Pal
(varieties)
Vella pashanum, M/l6-See:
-Pashanum (varieties)
Vellapundu, 65-See:-Pundu
(varieties)
"
Vellari-See-: Mullanvellar-i;Mulluvellari
Vellari-verai, 402-See:Verai
Velleinyarel, 516
Velleri-See: -Katu-velleri
Vellerku, 242
Velley-putali, 1170-See:Putali
Velli, M/l4-See:-Nagvelli
Velligaram, M/103
Velli-kundricum, 1265-See:
-Kundrikam
Vellil, 535
Vellila, 827
Velli-Iothi, 1186-See:Lothi
Velliyya, M/85
Vellothu-vazhutina, 1149See:-Vazhutina
Vellu-See:-Vetti-vellu
Velluli, 65
Vellulli, 65
Velluram, 1135; 1138
Velluta modela mukku, 999
Velupparutti-See: -Parutti
(varieties)
.
Velutharali, 993
Velvelam, 16-See:-Thimaivelvelam
Velvet-leaf, 334
Velvottuvalutina, 1150-See:
-Valutina;; Tina
Vehbaka, 776
Vembu, 776-See:-Karivembu; Malai-vembu; Nilavembu; Sivanarvembu;
Shivanarvembu
Vempadon, 1266 ..
Vempali, 561
Vempaval Erimapasf!, 807
Vempu-See: -",-Mullay- vempu
Vemu-See: -:r.:relavemu; .
Nila-vemu; Ven-inelavemu
Venangu, 1027
Venda, 1
Vendai, 629 .
Vendaikkay, 1
Vendakaya, 1
INDEX
959
Vendapa, 655
Verrmelavemu, 869-See:Vendayam, 1240
Nelavemu; Vemu
(varieties)
Vendi, M/14; M/l'16
Verri-pala, 150; 1252--See:Vendischer kummel, 408
Pala (varieties)
Vendukolli, 283
Verri-puchcha, 355-See:Vengai-See: -MulluPuchcha (varieties)
vengai
Verse-atti-pandhlu, 550
Vengai maram, 1025
Vetasa, 233--See:Vengan, 1151
Amlavetasa
Vengaram, M/103
Vetch-See: -ChicklingVengayam, 63-See:-Narivetch; Field vetch
vengayam; ShirunariVethra, 234
vengayam
Veti-uppu, M/91-See:Venivel, 333; 334
Uppu (varieties)
. Venivit, 334
Vetpalai, 129B-See: -Palai
Veni-waela, 334
( varieties)
Veniwel, 994
Vetpalarisi, 1296-See:Venkaram, M/103
Kashappu-Vetpalaishi
Venkurunji, 174-See:Vetpala-verai, 1296--See:Kurunji (varieties)
Verai (varieties)
Venney, Aj178
Venom-See: -=-Snake venom; Vetteku, 230
Vettil, 130
Cobra venom
Vettila, 961
Ventakkaya, 1
Vettilai, 961
Ventayam, 1240
Vetti-veUu, 109--See:-VeUu
Venti, 148
Vettiver, 109
Ventiyam-See: -KattuVetti-veru, 109
ventiram
Vettuvalli, 385
Ventom, 579
Veturu, 798
Venu, 172
Vhaneri, 725
Vepa, 776-See:-KondaVhekal, 1011
vepa; Turukavpa
Vibhitaka, 1202
Veppalai, 634; 1296
Vibhitaki, 1202
Veppan, 776
Vichchida, 771
Veppu,776
Vichitrah, 1104
Vepu-See: -Nila-vepu
Victor's laurels, 729-See:V erai-See:-Thagarai-verai;
Laurel; Alexandrian
Vellari-verai; Vetpala-verai
laurel
Verali-See: -Hippal-verali
Vidanga, 478--See:-VaiviVerdigris, M/52
dangam
Verenda, 1065
Vidara vishvasarka, 872-See:
Veritelnep, 1298
- Vishvasarka
Vermilion, M/72
\1'idari, 686
Verri-beera, 753-See:Vidpune, 394
Beera
Vidruma, A/156
Verricha-tarasi, 805-See:Vidyachi Pan, 960-See:Tarasi
Pan (varieties)
960
THE
IND~
MATERIA MEDICA
Vielblutige Blattblume, 947

Vigne-Cultive, 1285
Vijapura, 346
Vijaya, 256; 1205
Vijramula, 1188-See:Mula (varieties)
Vijri, 524
Vikankar, 606-See: -Kar
(varieties)
Vikarigata. 555
Vikhari, 978
Vila, 535-See: -Kapa-vila
Vilaithi nevarung, 873-See:Neverang
Vilaiti-nil, 677-See: -Nil
(varieties)
Vilaiti vangan, 756-See:Vangan
Vilaiyte sem, 942-See: -Sem
Vilakpittam, 535
Vilam-See: -Nelavilam
Vilamgam-See: - Vayuvilamgam
,
Vilandi-See: -Kuri-vilandi
Vilaphalam, 535
Vilastha animals, A/139
Vilatiamli, 563---See:Amli
Vilati Chemeli, 1046-See:Chameli (varieties)
Vilati-chuna, M/4l-See:Chuna (varieties)
Vilati Kachu, 715---See:Kachu (varieties)
Vilav, 535
Vilayathi Afsantin, 141-See:
-Afsantin
Vilayati-agati, 283-See:Agati
Vilayati-babul, 14-See:Babul
Vilayatigavat, 774-See:Gavat
Vilayatihullu, 774---See:Hullu (varieties)
;
Vilayati-kangai, 763-See~Kangai
J""
I
Vilayati Kama, 153---See:Karua (varieties)

Vilayati kikar, 14-See:Kikar (varieties)
Vilayati Mehndi, 838-See:Mehndi (varieties)
Vilayati Mhendi, 927-Mhendi
(varieties)
Vilayati-nim, 784-See:-Nim
(varieties)
Vilayati-vakhandi, 400---See:Vakhandi
Vilayeti-jhatamanshi, 1260See: -Jhatamanski or Jhatamanshi
Vilimbi, 163
Villayadelay, 961
Viluttu, 225
Vilvam,45
Vilva-pazham, 45-See:Pazham ( varieties)
Vimbaja, 300
Vimboshta, 300
Vimbu-See: -Nilavimbu
Vinayi-See: -Kada-vinay.i
Vinchhu, 771
Vine---See: -Balloon..;vine;
Indian Wild vine; Wild vine
,>
Vingar, 606
Violet-See:-Wild violet
Vipitakaha, 1202
Vippundu-See: -Kurivippundu
Vira-See: -Katuvira;
Sauvira
Viradhar, 419
Virai-8ee: -Kasini-virai;
Kasturi-vencI'aikkayvirai;
Kakkaykollivirai; Ishappukolvirai; Kuluppalai-virai;
Mulaippalavirai;- Nilavirai
Paeravirai; Punnaivirai;
Shatakupivirai; Shatlatuvirai; Shimaimadalailvirai
Virali, 457
Viranga, 478
Viravriksha, 798-See:Vrikshaha (varieties)
INDEX
Virohi, 1170
Virusampenga, 997-See:Sampenga (varieties)
Virushanaga-kaya, 121See:--Shanaga-kaya
Visagul, M/97; M/161--See:Gu! (varieties)
Visaltvak, 80
Visalyakrit, 468
Vish-See: -Mithavish
Visha, 23; 25; 28--See:Athivisha; Ativisha; Nirvisha; Sankhavisha; Sarpavisha
Visha boddi, 1134
Vishaka--See: -Upavishaka
Visha-kallu, M/97--See:Kallu (varieties)
Vishakantakalu, 1268-See:Kantakalu
Visha khaddi, 1134--See:Khaddi
Vishaka-See: -Upavishaka
Vishala, 335; 405
Vishalakarani, 443--See:Karani
Vishamandala, 389-See:
Mandala
Vishamavi, 23--See: -Mavi

Vishamoongil, 389-See:Moongil
Vishammoonguli, 389-See:Moonguli
Vishamula, 389--See:Mula (varieties)"
Vishamushti, :n75-See:Mushti (varieties)
Visha-shodhani, 677--See:Shodhani
Vishaya, 177
Vishesha-dhoop, 211See:-Dhoop
Visheshdhup, 211--See:-,
Dhup (varieties)
Vishkhapra, 1228--See:Khapra
.
Vishkira birds, A/140
Vishnanuir, 23-See: -Nuir
961
Vishnugandhi, 531-See:Gandhi (varieties)

Vishnu-karandai, 1162-See:
-Karandai
Vishnukarandi f 531--See:Karandi
Vishnu-krant, 690-See:Krant
Vishnu-kranta, 354; 531See:-Kranta (varieties)
Vishnukranti, 531--See:Kranti
Vishnu-priya, S65--See:Priya (varieties)
Vishtindu, 1175
Vishvasarka-See:Vidara vishvasarka
Visikilamu, 1264
Vismogri, 704--See:Magri (varieties)
Visoushada, 308
Vitchie, 698
Vitellus--See:-Ovivitellus
Vitriol-See: -Blue vitriol;
Green vitriol; Romanvitriol; White vitriol
Vittulu--See: -Bogi-vittulu;
Jeedivittulu; Kolli-vttulu
Mushtivittulu; Nepalavitholu; Nir8di-vittulu;
Ponna-vittulu; Shatakupivittulu; Shimagoranti vittulu; Badam-vittulu;
Bhavanchi-vittulu; Chanupala-vittulu; Kasini-vittulu;
Kasturibenda-vittulu; Kupivittulu; Gorantivittulu;
Kapivittulu
Vitusi, 387
Vizhaip-pazhrun, 822
Vizhamungal, 389
VoadaIam, 11
Vodaruku, 543
VodIe khatkutli, 818--See:Khatkutli
Vola, 170
Volkameria, 352
962
Vollay-menasu, 969-See:Menasu (varieties)

,
Voma, 1028
Vomiting swallow-wort, 1;>0See:-Swallow-wort (varieties)
Vona, 587
Vona-Shunti, 1309-See:Shunti (varieties)
V ondelaga, 662
Vor, 543
Vova, 1028
Vovaliruku, 801
Vovo,1028
Vrahali, 1150
Vranashodhakari, 776-See:Shodhakari
Vrashavalli, 686
Vratakosha, 753
Vriddha-daraka, 136-See:Daraka
Vriddhakarnika, 334-See:Karnika
Vriddhi, 756
Vridhadarak, 685-See:Darak
Vrihati, 1149
Vrihatpushpi, 392-See:Pushpi (varieties)
Vrihi, 877
V rikashapa, 295
Vrikshaha, 1278; 1281-See:Nila-vriksha; Umatta-vrikshaha; Vira-vriksha
Vrinlaka-See:-Krishnavrinlaka
Vrinta-See :-Krishnavrinta
Vrishanasana, 478
Vrisha Sinhamuki, 40-See:Sinhamukhi
Vrishi-kali, 1226-See:_;Kali
(varieties)
Vuchnag, 23-See:-Nag
Vuir, 1089
(varieties)
. "....,...
Vummaay,309
Vurkatee, 615
Vurthingi, 230
Vurtuli, 798
Vusayley-keeray, ll64
Vuttei-Khilloo-Killupai, 392
Wa,94
Wacha, 1143
Wacholderbeeren, 710
Wacholder-beerol, 710
Wacholderob, 710
Wael-buraenda, 352
Wagad, 587
Wagati, 1290
Wagdau-Bhendi, 1256-See;Bhendi (varieties)
Wageti-See :-Kariwageti
Wagtail-See:-Common
wagtail
Wah,588
Wahitl, 176
Wahres ohrakraut, 609
"Wakadia" Gowar, 420-See:Gowar i v~rieties)
Wakandi. 596
Wakeri, 1075; 1290
Wakkwooganapan, 392-See:Pan (varieties)
Wal-aha11a, 286-See:-Ahalla
Wal-kidaran, 137-See:Kidaran
Wallnussbaum, 709
Wall-Rue, 156-See:-Rue
(varieties) '"
Walnut, 70~See :-Indian
walnut
Wal papri, 461-See:-Papri
Wal-pat-paadagam, 869
Wal-ratdugalabu, 1285
Walsura, 1233; 1290
Walurrsi, 1233
Walu Sapu, 796-See :-Sapu
Wampara, 448-See:-Para,
Wander-roti, 857-See:-Roti
INDEX
VVandschldflechte, 922
Wandurbasingh, 466
Wangan, 1151-See:-Wanwangan
Wangi, 1151-See:-Wel wangi
Wangru-See:-Mattisawangru
Wangum-See:-Mirchwangum
Wans, 172
Wara-gudu, 423-See :-Godu
Warangan, M/19
Waran-ganpulih, M/l6-See:Ganpulih
INarella, 457
Warialli, 557-See:-Alli
(varieties)
Wari-kaha, 787-See :-Kaha
(varieties)
Warjippe, 508
Wann.farn, 467
Warmfarnwarzal, 467-See:Farnwarzel
Warras, 626
"Wars", 760
Warumba, 1156
Washing Soda, MjlOl-See:Soda (varieties)
,
Wash-sponge, 752-See:Sponge
Waso-See :-Kalawaso
Wassermalone, 338
Watana-See:-Kala-watana
Water Chestnut-See:-Indian
Water Chestnut"etc.
Water-cress, 736; 843-See:Cress (varieties)
'Water Germander, 1212-See:
-Germander
Water-hauf, 522-See :---Hauf
Water Hyacinth, 472-See:Hyacinth
Water-lily, 859-See:-Lily
(varieties)
Watermelon, 338--See:-Melon
( varieties)
Water mollusk, A/166-See:Mollusk
963
Watkana, 199
Watpan, 1251-See':-Pan
(varieties)
Watta-tali,17-See:-Tali
(varieties)
Wawa-See :-Zanza-ba-wawa
Wawrung, 478
.
Wax, A/151
Wax-flower Plant, 1189
Wax gourd, A/203-See:Gow:d (varieties)
Way-Bread, 986-See :-Bread
Weak-fish, A/135-See:-Fish
(varieties)
Weeds-See:-Snake-weed,
Bishop's weed; Seaweeds;
Squaw weed; Hog-weed;
Spreading Hogweed
(varieties)
Weeping Nyctanthes, 857See:-Nyctanthes
Weichaariger stechapfel, 434
Weisse Blatt-blume, 947
Weisser Santelbaum, 1098
Weisser-senf, 213
Welchi, 823
Well-water fish, Aj214-See:Fish (varieties)
WeI wangi, 756-See:-Wangj.
Wen-See: -Thanu-wen
Wena, 1056
West Indian Arrowroot, 770See:-Arrowroot; Indian
arrowroot
Whale, A/144; A/154
Wheat, 12.44-See:-Beardless
wheat; Buck-wheat; Spelta
wheat; Turkish wheat
Whey (Kanjika) Mj104; Aj176
White adulsa, 714--See:. Adulsa, (varieties)
White Ag~ric, 50; 100l-See:Agaric
White arsenic, M/l5-See:Arsenic (varieties)
White birch bark, 19B-See:Birch bark
White copperas, M/133-See:Copperas (vari~ties). .

!
White cowries, A/158-See:Cowri (varieties)
White Dammer Tree, 12S;i-See:-Dammer tree
White ,felspar-See:-Native
white felspar; Felspar
(varieties)
White fish, M/216-See:-Fish
(varieties)
White gourd-See:-Long
white gourd; Gourd (varieties)
White Gourd Melon, 18S-See:
--Gourd melon
White horn-hound, 771-See:Horn-hound
White lead, M/8S-See:-Lead
(varieties)
White Leadwort, 990-see:Leadwort (varieties)
White Mangrove, 16S-See:Mangrove
White meat, A/141-See:Meat
White mica, M/129-See:Mica (varieties)
White Mulberry, 816--See:Mulberry (varieties)
White mustard, 213-See:Mustard (varieties)
White of Egg, A/164-See:Egg (varieties)
White oxide of arsenic, M/lS,See:- Oxide of arsenic;
Arsenic oxide
White peas--See :-Pea
(varieties).
White pepper, 960-See:Pepper (varieties)
White Poppy, 901-See:poppy (varieties)
White pumpkin, 185; 722-See:
-Pumpkin (varieties)
White rose-See :-~o.se; - Indian White Rose"
White Sandalwood tree, 1098See:- Sandalwood (vari<:

ties)
i
White Shark, A/214; 231-See
Shark
White Silajit, M/23-See:Shilajit or Silajit (varieties
White silk cotton tree, 505See:-Silk cotton tree (varit:
ties)
White talc, M/123-See:-Tal
(varieties)
White vitriol, M/133-See:Vitriol (varieties)
White Waterlily, 858-See:Waterlily; Lily (varieties)
White zinc, M/132-See :-Zin
(varieties)
Wild Almond, 1170-8ee:Almond (varieties)
Wild Carrot, 935-See:Carrot
Wild Celery, 119-See:Celery
Wild chicory, 313--See:Chicory
Wild cinchona, 118-See,:Cinchona
Wild cowrie fruit, 281-See:Cowrie fruit
Wild Date, 946-See :-Dates
- ( varieties)
Wild or Dog Mustard, 351See:-Dog mustard; Mustar,
Wild Eggs Plant, 1150-See:Egg plant
Wild Ginger, l308-See:Ginger (vari~ties)
Wild Gourd~e :-Gourd
( varieties)
Wild honey, A/193-See:Honey (varieties)
Wild ipecacuanha, l5l-See:. Ipecacuanha (varieties)
Wild lime. 160-See :-Lime
( varieties)
Wild liquorice, 5-See:- .
Liquorice (varieties)
INDEX
Wild Mango, 1166-See:Mango ( varieties)

Wild mangosteen, 452-See:Mangosteen (varieties)
Wild Marjoram, 875-See:Marjoram (varieties)
Wild mint, 790-See:-Mint
( varieties)
Wild mustard-See:-Mustard
(varieties)
Wild pepper-See :-Indian
Wild Pepper; Pepper
(varieties)
Wild saffron, 27S-See:Saffron (varieties)
Wild sarsaparilla, 1145-See:Sarsaparilla (varieties)
Wild snakegourd, 1236-See:Snakegourd
Wild squill-See:-Small wild
squill; Squill (varieties)
Wild Suran, 118S-See:Suran (varieties)
Wild Thyme, 1219; 1315-See:
-Thyme '(varieties)
Wild tu~ric, 413-See:Turmeric (varieties)
Wild vine-See:-Indian wild
vine; Vine (varieties)
Wild Violet, 1274-See:Violet
Willow~bark, 1089
Winged insects, a group of,
A/166
Winged-leaved Clitoria, 354See:-Clitoria
Winri,384
Winter Cherry, 271; 950; 1292
-See :-Cherry (varieties)
Wintergreen-See :-Indian
Wintergreen
Witton root, 519
Wodrasi,80
Wohlriechende Michelie, 794;
795
WohLnechender, 847
Wolf Claw, 758-See:-Claw
Wolf's bane, 28-See:-Bane

(varieties)
Wolf's milk der Alten, 522
Wonderflower-See:- Mexican wonderflowers
Wood-apple-See:-Apple
(varieties)
Wood charcoal, Mj46-See:Charcoal (varieties)
Wood oil tree, 456-See:Oil tree
Woodooga, 61
Wood-tree-See:-Iron woodtree; Moochy wood-tree
Woody Nightshade, .1150-See :
-Nightshade ( varieties)
Wool-fat-See:-Anhydrous
wool-fat; Hydrous wool-fat
Wooly Butt, 512-See:-~utt
W ormkiller, .138
Worm Mushroom, 1001-See:Mushroom (varieties)
Worm seed, 142-See:-American worm seed
Worm-wood, 141-See:-Madras worm-wood
Wort-See:-Sneezwort; Soapfort; Perfoliate soapwort
Wothalay, 11
Wound-herb--See :-Heathen
wound-herb
.
Wrought Iron, M/55-See:Iron (varieties)
Wucherndu Hundzahn, 425
Wu-Iou-tzu, 423
Wumb, 846
Wun-wangan, 994-See:Wang an
"Wuras"'. 761
Yabis-See:-Zulah yabis
Yaga-See :-Nayit-yaga
Yahava- See:-Laghu,-yahava
Yahud-See:-Faqurul yahud
Yakada-Kittam, M/62-See:Kittam
966
THE INDIAN ...MATERIA MEDICA
Yaccaduvel, 1266
Yalakhi, 226
Yalakkiballi, 822-See:Doddayalakki
Yahudi-See:-Ral-yahudi
Yam, 449; 450-See:-Chinese
yam; Globose-yam; Red yam;
Sweet yam; Valli-yam
Yamam-See:-Vanayamam
Yamanai. 584
Yamani, 280; 1028-See:Kurasani-yamani; Vanayamani
Yandzeing, M/9l
Yang, 537
Yangtsai, 571-See:-Sai
(varieties) .
Yan-zin, M/9l
Ya-pin, 902
Yarala-See:-Vadlayarala
Yaranikhee Surkha, M/19See:-Surkha (varieties)
Yasasvini, 444
Yashada, M/130
Yashti-madhu, 582-See:Madhu (varieties)
Yashti-madhukam, 582-See:
-Madhukam
Yashto-madhu, 582-See:Madhu (varieties)
Yasmine barrio 619-See:Barri (varieties)
Yac-thi-Ian, 822
Yava, 653; 1244-See:Indrayava
Yavacharam, M/88; M/90
Yavakshara, M/88; M/90
Yavan, 1028
Yavanala, 1304
Yavana parpata, 560-See;Parpata (varieties)
Yavani, 670
Yavanika, 1028
Yavasa, 611'
Yavulu-See:-Pachchayavulu
Yeast, 1299
Yeast plant, 303
"
Yebruj, 160
Yehela behada, 120a-&:Behada
Yetkada, M/54
Yekdi, 978
Yekka-madu, 335-See:Madu (varieties)
Yek-kisum-ka-bachla, 1284See :-Bachla
Yel, 1203
Yelakay-See :-Periya
yelakay
Yella, 1203
Yellamuddi, 375-See:Muddi
Ye11ayball, 822-See:-Bali
(varieties)
Yellikud pashanam, Mj21See :-Pashanam or Pashanum (varieties)
Yellow' Arsenic tri-sulphide,
M/20 - See:-Arsenic trisulphide, yellow
Yellow barleria, 1137-See:Barleria
'
Yellow Champa, 794-See:Champa (v~rieties)
Yellow cowries, A/15SSee:-Cowrie (varieties)
Yellow dock, 1079-See:. Dock (vaqeties)
Yellow-earth aluminiumSee:-Aluminium Yellowearth
Yellow flowered cotton, 362See: -Flowered cotton;
Cotton (varieties)
Yellow Lichen, .922-See: Lichen
Yellow ochre, M,L95-See:Ochre; :Sole yellow ochre
Yellow Oleander, 121S-See:
-Oleander (varieties)
Yellow or Pale Ochre, M/I0See:-Ochre (varieties)
Yellow sulphuret of arsenic,
M/20-See: -Sulphuret of
arsenic; Arsenic (varieties)
INDEX
Yellow talc, M/123-See:Talc (varieties)

Yellow thistle, 133-See:Thistle (varieties)
Yellow Zedoary, 413-See:Zedoary (varieties)
Yellu, 1126
Yellu-cheddie, 1126; 1127See:-Cheddi (varieties)
Yen, 1211-See!-Shih-yen
Yennai, 455
Yennar,("456
Yenne, 607
Yenzi-See:-Munniyenzi
Yepi,607
Veranda-See: -Parvata,
yeranda
Yel'cum, 237
Yerkoli, 264
Yermaddi, 1198-See:Maddi (varieties)
Yerra-chairatali, 1266-See:Chairatali
Yerra-chittamulam, 989See: -Chitramulam
.>. Yerragadda, 63-See:Gadda (varieties)
Yerrajuvi, 545; 553-See:Juvi (varieties)
Y:errasenduramu, M/86See: -Senduramu
Yesmana, 704
Yet gbas, 893
Yetti, 658; 960; 1175
Yetti-kottai, 1175-See:Kottai (varieties)
Yew-See: ":""'Himalayan
Yew
Yippali, 965
Yomam-See: -Kurasaniyomam
Yop-See:-Na yap
Y oranna, 730
Y oung-zalai, 563--,-See: -Zalai
Youn-padi-si, l-See:-Padi
Ysjudemaram, 714
Yuh or Juh, 328
Yur, 1091
967
Yuthika, 701
Yuthikapurni, 1059
Zaban-i-gungishk-i-talk, 634See:-Talk
Zabrahe-gaw, A/161
Zadi-phu, 830
Zadi-phu-apoen, 830
Zafal, 830
Zaffran, 390
Zafrah.390
Zaghira-See: -Roghani
zaghira
Zaghu, 743
Zahab, M/32
Zahar-See: -Mithazahar
Zaharasa, 80S-See: -Rasa
Zaiyana, 619
Zaj, M/2
Zaje-asfara, M/64-See:Asfara
Zajul-akhzar, M/52-See:Akhzar
Zakebilor, M/2-See:.Bilor
Zake-sabz, M/52-See:Sahz
Zake-safed, M/2-See:Safed Zake
Zakhimi-i-hyat, 1162
-See:-Hyat
Zakhm hyat, 717-See:-Hyat
Zakhmi,457
Zalai-See: - Y oung-zalai
Zaloka, A/16?
Zambak, 704
Zamb chule, 10I6-See:Chule
Zamin-kand, 450-See:Kand (varieties)
Zanda-bidastara, A/147--See:
-Bidastara
Zanf-e-ahana, M/62-See:Ahana
Zangihar, 1205-See:~Har
(varieties)
268
Zanjabil, 1309-See: -Bil

Zankurmadni, M/64-See: Madni
Zanun, A/147
Zanza-ba-wawa, 830-See:Wawa
Zarasa, M/ll
Zara Tita, M/32-See: -Tita
(varieties)
Zaravandehindi, 139-See:Hindi (varieties)
Vandhlndi (varieties)
Zarbuti, 4l9-See: -Buti
Zardak, 441-See: -Dak
Zard-chobah, 415-See:Chobah
Zard halela, 1205-See:Halela
Zarishk, 187
Zamal, 554
Zarneik-zard, M/21
Zarwand-i-gird, 140
Zarwand-i-tawil, 140
Zatakasturika, 626-See: Kasturika
Zawad-bander, A/234-See: Bander
Zebu, A/202
Zedoary-See:-Round
zedoary; Yellow-zedoary
Zeebaq, M/68
Zeera, 408
Zehar-mohra, A/161-See: Mohra (varieties) .
Zehere, 360
Zende baladahullu, 308-See:
-Baladahullu
Zera Mohra, M/97-See: Mohra (varieties)
.Zergul,234
Zero, 408
Zetton, 1017
Zhadvar,443
Zharas, 805
Zibakh, M/67
Zimeh, 1183
Zirrunt, 328.
1r
,\t'AU CENllC'\t
:~~:.
No;
Zinc-See: -Flowers of Zinc;

Impure corrunercial zinc;
White zinc
Zinc carbonate, M/131-See:Carbonate of Zinc
Zinc ore, M/130-See:-Ore
(varieties)
Zinc subcarbonate, M/131See:-Subcarbonate of Zinc
Zinc sulphate, M/l33/See:Sulphate of Zinc
,Zinc sulphate & carbonate,
M/131-See:-Sulphate &
Carbonate of Zinc
Zinian, 280
Zinianas-Nankhvah, 1028See:-Nankhvah
Zini bathi, 127--8ee: -Batlii
Zinjru, 679
Zinjvo, 103
Zinzma, 103
Zinzvo, 111
Zipharana, 390
Zip-hiyu-si, 481
Zir, 545; 786; 1239
Zira, 408
Zirishk, 189; 191
Zimubbirmi, 1196-See:Birmi
Zirsud, 415
Zonnalu-See: -Makkazonnalu
Zuddulbaher kafdarya, A/210
-See: -Kafdarya
Zue-Fierapfel, 116-See:Kerafel
Zufa, 845
Zufah-yabis, 673-See:Yabis
."
Zupha, 673; 674
Zurneik surkh, M/l9=-See:Surkh (varieties)
Zurtum, 278
Zuz-ul-kuch, 1047:_gee:Kuch
Zweigerbse, 311
Zwillingsp-blaume, 846
Ll~R"Jt. y
,,~ !~<)2 ~3-

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15262

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DR. K. M.

INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Revised & Enlarged by

Printed by G. G. Pathare at Popul"r Press (Born.) Ltd., .

Drugs, preparations and their Specific and

Equivalents and substitutes for important

App{oximate percentage, compositi()n,

Vitamins in foods and dietetic articles;

tions, brief explanations

Index List of Natural Orders, Genera and Families,

Index List of Indian Plants and Drugs from which

Index of Preparations, Combina~ions, Substances

Index of Chemical Constituents (Major and minor;

General Index-Cross Index of Synonyms (in all

"To be a Physician is to my mind the

"There is neither East nor West, nor Border,

"We Live i1J- times of aNew Renaissance. Old

INDIAN MAT~RXA :MEDICA

Sans.-Heeraka; Hira:kam~ Vajra. Eng.-Diamond. Fr.

Purification & Preparation.-Diamond is purified by

THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

it can also be purified after having it beaten with horse's

Sans._:Sphatika;ri; Surashtr~ja; Kamakshi; Tuvari. ~ng.

WITH A.YURVEDIC, UNANI &. HOME REMEDIES

Source.-Chiefly found with peroxide of iron in SHajit

INDIAN MATERIA .MEDICA

alum powder-(J. L. Duveji). In obstinate cases of malaria

WITH AYURYEDIC. UNANI & HOME REMEDIES

of the tongue in consumption, in ex.cessive salivation etc.; it

THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

(Dried or burnt alum) is used ,as, an astringent and caustic

Tam. and Tel.-Namon. Mal. and Can.-Nama} under peculiar

(Sans.-Shoraktri. Hind.-Pani-soka. Ben.-Sugandamittl)'

THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

:J.039 A.D.), describes the various kinds of clay lin medicinal

WITH A YlJRVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES

be <;lble to leave hospital infrom 5, to, 10 days' tiI1le. If'it should

When making the emulsion the kaolin should always Pe added

good and not harm 'is done;

THE. INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

measure of distinct therapeutic value. The usual dose given

WITH AYURVEDIC, 'UNANI -& HOlVIE REMEDIES

washing head, which removes dandruff, softens the hairs, and

7. AMMONII CHLORIDUM or AMMONIUM CHLORIDE

(Sans.-,Navasara; Navasagara; Chulika lavima. Eng.

THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

wood), rubbed well in a lll_9rtar with a, little water and given'

WITH A YURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME RlEMEDIES

with Arrack and rose-waier (Un 8 and 160 parts respectively).

8. ANTIMONII SULPHIDUM or ANTIMONY SULPHIDE

used; except occasionally as a tonic for horses.

Sans.-'Rajata; Rupya; Tara., Eng.-Silver. Fr.-Arzgent.

THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Source.__;Found througnout the mineral kingdom in a

WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI & HOME REMEDIES

diarrhoea, in uterine diseases as leucorrhoea, menorrhagia etc.,

ARSENUM; ACmryM ARSENIOSUM

THE INDIAN MATERiA. MEDICA

Somal khar. Mah.-Sankhya sambala. Tam.-Vella pasham:lri. /

WITH AYURVEDIO, :UN:A:NI 'I!i'ROME"....REMEDIES

THE INDIAN MATERIA MEDICA

Useful in checking the a~tacks of malarial fever" -'(Ind. Drugs,

WITH AYURVEDIC, UNANI '& HOME REMEDIES

During adminiStratiOn of arsenic, chillies, oil, -asafoetida