29/08/2016

BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

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Bluetooth What is Bluetooth?

BY DINESH THAKUR

Bluetooth is, with the infrared, one of the major

wireless technologies developed to achieve
WPAN.BluetoothisawirelessLANtechnologyused
to connect devices of different functions such as
telephones, computers (laptop or desktop),
notebooks,cameras,printersandsoon.

Bluetooth
project
was
started by
SIG
(Special
Interest
Group)
formedby
four
companies IBM, Intel, Nokia and Toshiba for
interconnecting computing and communicating
devicesusingshortrange,lowerpower,inexpensive
wirelessradios.
TheprojectwasnamedBluetoothafterthenameof
Viking king Harald Blaatand who unified
DenmarkandNorwayin10thcentury.

Nowadays,Bluetoothtechnologyisusedforseveral
computerandnoncomputerapplication:
http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communicationnetworks/bluetooth

What Is Transmission

Website Developement

Media ? Types Of

Computer Fundamental

Transmission Media.
Transmission Media
Transmission Modes
What Are The Different

Computer Networking
Computer Network
Comm. Networks

Transmission Modes?

Network Tech.

ALOHA What Is ALOHA?

Multiple Access

What Is Data

Switching

Transmission? Types Of
Data Transmission.
What Is Congestion

IP Address Sys
Routing

Control? Describe The

Services / App.

Congestion Control

Security

Algorithm Commonly
Used

Structured Query (SQL)

Java Script

Types Of Routers
Data Communication

HTML Language

What Is Data

Cascading Style Sheet

Communication?

C Programming

What Is Difference

(Theory)
C Programming

Between UTP And STP

(Pratical)
Visual Basic

Cable?
What Is Error Correction

C++ Programming

And Detection?

Java Programming

OSI (Open Systems

Java Servlet

Interconnection)

Java Server Pages

Reference Model

Computer Graphics
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

1. It is used for providing communication between

MAC Layer What Is MAC

peripheral devices like wireless mouse or keyboard

withthecomputer.

Layer Protocols?

2. It is used by modern healthcare devices to send

signalstomonitors.

Short Note On Coaxial

3.Itisusedbymoderncommunicatingdeviceslike
mobile phone, PDAs, palmtops etc to transfer data
rapidly.

TwistedPair : What Is

Digital Electronics

TwistedPair Cable?

C# Programming

What Is

Database System

4.Itisusedfordialupnetworking.Thusallowinga
notebookcomputertocallviaamobilephone.

Hubs/Repeaters/Bridges/Router/Switches/

5. It is used for cordless telephoning to connect a

handsetanditslocalbasestation.

Cyclic Redundancy Check

6. It also allows handsfree voice comml1nication

withheadset.

Sliding Window Protocol

How to

IEEE 802.5 Token Ring

python

7.Italsoenablesamobilecomputertoconnecttoa
fixedLAN.

Bound Transmission

8. It can also be used for file transfer operations

fromonemobilephonetoanother.
9. Bluetooth uses omnidirectional radio waves that
canthroughwallsorothernonmetalbarriers.
Bluetooth devices have a builtin short range radio
transmitter.Therateprovidedis1Mbpsanduses2.4
GHzbandwidth.
Bluetoothisthatwhenthedeviceiswithinthescope
of a other devices automatically start the
transfer information without the user noticing.
asmallnetwork between the devices is created and
theusercanaccessedasiftherewerecables.

Electronic Commerce
Management (MIS)

Coaxial Cable Write

Data Structures
Software Engineering

Cable

Struts 2 Tutorial

Transceivers/ Gateway

(CRC)

PHP (Hypertext

Preprocessor)
Troubleshooting

AngularJS Tutorial

Media What Is Bound

Transmission Media ?

Compiler Design

Type Of Bound
Transmission Media
Explain
Hamming Code
Unbound Transmission
Media What Is Unbound
Transmission Media.
Type Of Unbound
Transmission Media
Optical Fibers: What Is A
Optical Fibers?
What Is Piggybacking?

BluetoothArchitecture

Bluetooth What Is

Bluetooth architecture defines two types of

Bluetooth?

networks:

Stop & Wait Protocol

1.Piconet

What Is An Analog Signal?

2.Scattemet
1.Piconet

Characteristics Of Analog
Signal.
Data Link Layer

PiconetisaBluetoothnetworkthatconsistsofone
primary (master) node and seven active secondary
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

(slave)nodes.

Analog Vs Digital

Thus, piconet can have upto eight active nodes (1

masterand7slaves)orstationswithinthedistance

Difference And

of10meters.

How Does A Single Bit

Therecanbeonlyoneprimaryormasterstationin
eachpiconet.

Error Differs From Burst

The communication between the primary and the

secondarycanbeonetooneoronetomany.

What Is A Digital Signal?

Signal

Comparison

Error.

Characteristics Of Digital

Wireless Communication
What Is Wireless
Communication?
Broadband Versus
Baseband
IEEE 802.11: WIRELESS
LAN
Ethernet Cables What Is
An Ethernet Cable?
Gigabit Ethernet:
1000BaseSX, 1000Base
LX, 1000BaseCX, 1000
BaseT

Allcommunicationisbetweenmasterandaslave.

Encoding Techniques

Salveslavecommunicationisnotpossible.

And Codec

Inadditiontosevenactiveslavestation,apiconet
can have upto 255 parked nodes. These parked

Asynchronous Vs.

nodes are secondary or slave stations and cannot

take part in communication until it is moved from

Transmission Modes

parkedstatetoactivestate.

232C?

2.Scatternet

Optical Fiber Optical

Scattemet is formed by combining various

Transmission Modes

piconets.

Advantages And

A slave in one piconet can act as a master or

Disadvantages Of Optical

primaryinotherpiconet.

Fiber

Suchastationornodecanreceivemessagesfrom

Synchronous

RS232C What Is RS

Fast Ethernet : 100

the master in the first piconet and deliver the

BaseTX, 100 BaseFX,

message to its slaves in other piconet where it is

100 BaseT4

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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

acting as master. This node is also called bridge

Satellite Communication

slave.

What Is A Satellite

Thusastationcanbeamemberoftwopiconets.

Communication?

Astationcannotbeamasterintwopiconets.

Microwave Transmission

What Is A Microwave
Transmission?
Routers What Is Router?
Characteristics Of
Routers. Router Protocols
ARCNet What Is ARCNet
Infrared Transmission
What Is A Infrared
Transmission?
What Is NICs (Network
Adapter)
Data Communication
Bridges What Is
Bridges? Bridge Protocols
ARPANET What Is
ARPANET?
Radio Wave What Is A
Radio Wave
Transmission?

BluetoothlayersandProtocolStack

What Are Transmission

Errors?

Bluetooth standard has many protocols that are

Gateways What Is

organizedintodifferentlayers.

Gateway? Characteristics

The layer structure of Bluetooth does not follow

Of Gateways.

OS1 model, TCP/IP model or any other known

What Is Parity Check?

model.

Digital Signal

The different layers and Bluetooth protocol

Transmission

architecture.

MEDIA ACCESS CONTROL

Repeaters What Is
Repeaters? Classification
Of Repeaters
Error Control In
Communication Networks

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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

Virtual LAN (VLAN)

What Is Virtual LAN?
Characteristics Of VLAN.
HUB What Is Hub?
Flooding What Is
Flooding?
Tunneling What Is
Tunneling?
Quality Of Service (QOS)
Switching Hubs What Is
Switching Hubs?
Characteristics Of

RadioLayer

Switching Hub.

The Bluetooth radio layer corresponds to the

physicallayerofOSImodel.

Data Communication

Itdealswithratiotransmissionandmodulation.
Theradiolayermovesdatafrommastertoslaveor
viceversa.
It is a low power system that uses 2.4 GHz ISM
bandinarangeof10meters.
This band is divided into 79 channels of 1MHz
each.BluetoothusestheFrequencyHoppingSpread
Spectrum (FHSS) method in the physical layer to
avoidinterferencefromotherdevicesornetworks.
Bluetooth hops 1600 times per second, i.e. each
devicechangesitsmodulationfrequency1600times
persecond.
In order to change bits into a signal, it uses a
version of FSK called GFSK i.e. FSK with Gaussian
bandwidthfiltering.
BasebandLayer
Baseband layer is equivalent to the MAC sublayer
inLANs.
BluetoothusesaformofTDMAcalledTDDTDMA
(timedivisionduplexTDMA).

Software
10BASE T What Is
10BASET (Twisted Pair
Ethernet) ?
Ethernet Expansion
100Base T What Is
100Base T (Fast
Ethernet)? Type Of
100Base T
Layering The
Communications Process
Implementation Of LAN
Using FiberOptic Cable
10 Base 2 What Is
10Base2 (Thin Net/Black
Ethernet)
Network Architectures
10 Base 5 What Is
10Base5 (Thick
Net/Yellow Ethernet)?
Optical Source
BNC/TConnector
Optical Connectors

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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

Master and slave stations communicate with each

Implementation Of LAN

otherusingtimeslots.

Using Wireless

Themasterineachpiconetdefinesthetimeslotof

Technology

625sec.

CDDI (Cable Distributed

In TDD TDMA, communication is half duplex in

whichreceivercansendandreceivedatabutnotat

Data Interface)

thesametime.

What Is An Transmission

If the piconet has only no slave the master uses

System?

evennumberedslots(0,2,4,...)andtheslaveuses

Transceiver What Is

oddnumbered slots (1, 3, 5, .... ). Both master and

Transceiver?

slave communicate in half duplex mode. In slot 0,

master sends & secondary receives in slot 1,

What Is Ethernet?

secondarysendsandprimaryreceives.
Ifpiconethasmorethanoneslave,themasteruses
even numbered slots. The slave sends in the next
oddnumberedslotifthepacketinthepreviousslot
wasaddressedtoit.

Transmission System

100VGAny LAN
What Is Transmission
Baseband?
What Is Broadband ISDN?
What Is Parity Bit?
What Is Half Duplex?

In Baseband layer, two types of links can be

What Is AppleTalk?

createdbetweenamasterandslave.Theseare:

What Is Asynchronous?

1.AsynchronousConnectionless(ACL)

What Is Communications?

Itisusedforpacketswitcheddatathatisavailable
atirregularintervals.

What Is Bit Error?

ACL delivers traffic on a best effort basis. Frames

canbelost&mayhavetoberetransmitted.

What Is EtherTalk?

AslavecanhaveonlyoneACLlinktoitsmaster.

What Is Ethernet Frame?

Thus ACL link is used where correct delivery is

preferredoverfastdelivery.
TheACLcan achieve a maximum data rate of 721
kbpsbyusingone,threeormoreslots.
2.SynchronousConnectionOriented(SCO)
sco is used for real time data such as sound. It is
used where fast delivery is preferred over accurate
delivery.
In an sco link, a physical link is created between
the master and slave by reserving specific slots at
regularintervals.
http://ecomputernotes.com/computernetworkingnotes/communicationnetworks/bluetooth

What Is Transfer Rate?

ISO Architecture

Functions Of The MAC

Layer
What Is Network
Transmission?
Applications Of Wifi
What Is 802.15 (WPAN) ?
How To Set Up A Wireless
Router Installation &
Configuration
Features Of The Package
Level Or Network Layer
What Is IEEE 802.11n?
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

Damaged packet are not retransmitted over sco

links.

What Is IEEE 802.11e?

A slave can have three sco links with the master

andcansenddataat64Kbps.

Between WiFi Vs. Mobile

Logical Link, Control Adaptation Protocol

Layer(L2CAP)

What Is WiMAX

Thelogicalunitlinkcontroladaptationprotocolis

Interoperability For

equivalenttologicallinkcontrolsublayerofLAN.

Microwave Access)?

The ACL link uses L2CAP for data exchange but

Cable Networks (CATV)

scochanneldoesnotuseit.

How To Networking Your

What Is The Difference

Broadband

(Worldwide

Devices

ThevariousfunctionofL2CAPis:

The Digitization Of

1.Segmentationandreassembly

Signals

L2CAP receives the packets of upto 64 KB from

upper layers and divides them into frames for
transmission.
Itaddsextrainformationtodefinethelocationof
frameintheoriginalpacket.

Infrared And Laser

Transmission
Ethernet Networks At 10
Mbit/S
Passive Optical Network

The L2CAP reassembles the frame into packets

againatthedestination.

Ethernet Passive Optical

Network (EPON)

2.Multiplexing
L2CAP performs multiplexing at sender side and
demultiplexingatreceiverside.
At the sender site, it accepts data from one of the
upperlayerprotocolsframesthemanddeliverthem
totheBasebandlayer.
At the receiver site, it accepts a frame from the
basebandlayer,extractsthedata,anddeliversthem
totheappropriateprotocol1ayer.
3.QualityofService(QOS)
L2CAP handles quality of service requirements,
both when links are established and during normal
operation.
It also enables the devices to negotiate the
maximum payload
establishment.

size

during

connection

BluetoothFrameFormat
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

Thevariousfieldsofbluetoothframeformatare:

1. Access Code: It is 72 bit field that contains

synchronizationbits.Itidentifiesthemaster.
2. Header: This is 54bit field. It contain 18 bit
patternthatisrepeatedfor3time.
Theheaderfieldcontainsfollowingsubfields:
(i) Address: This 3 bit field can define upto seven
slaves (1 to 7). If the address is zero, it is used for
broadcast communication from primary to all
secondaries.
(ii)Type:This4bitfieldidentifiesthetypeofdata
comingfromupperlayers.
(iii) F: This flow bit is used for flow control. When
setto1,itmeansthedeviceisunabletoreceivemore
frames.
(iv)A:Thisbitisusedforacknowledgement.
(v) S: This bit contains a sequence number of the
frame to detect retransmission. As stop and wait
protocolisused,onebitissufficient.
(vi)Checksum:This8bitfieldcontainschecksum
todetecterrorsinheader.
3. Data: This field can be 0 to 2744 bits long. It
contains data or control information coming from
upperlayers
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BluetoothWhatisBluetooth?

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Dinesh Thakur is a Technology Columinist and founder of Computer Notes and Technology Motivation. Mail Me At
(@Computer Notes)

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