LTE Radio Procedures

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LTE Radio Interface Procedures
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
Contents
1- FAQs
Frame Structure//Throughput Calculations etc
2- Reselection
3- SIBs
3- Registration
IDLE Mode
4-Paging
5-Handover
6-DL Power
Connected Mode
Control
7-DL Scheduling
Self Optimization Network
8-ANR
9-ICIC
Huawei proprietary. No spread without permission.
Page 2
FAQs
Page 3
Frame Structure (FDD)
Related Concept
1- Radio Frame
2-Subframe
3-Slot
4- Subcarrier
5- Resource Block (Scheduling Minimum Unit)
6- Resource Element
Channel
BW (MHz)
RB
Number
Subcarrier
Number
1.4
72
15
180
25
300
10
50
600
15
75
900
20
100
1200
Page 4
Number of Scheduled User in 1 TTI

Scheduling information is in PDCCH frame.
1- Total Number of RE for PDCCH=100(RB for 100Mhz)*12(SC)*3
2- Total Number of bits for PDCCH in 1 TTI=100*12*3*Modulation
2bits for QPSK

4bits for 16QAM
6bits for 64QAM
Based on CQI
Take 6 as example:
Total Number of bits for PDCCH in 1 TTI=100*12*3*6=21600
Number of bits required by each user for scheduling= 17
Total User support for scheuding =21600/17=1270 Users
Note : Actually need to consider PCFICH+PHICH (from diagram)
i.e. (1270-PCFICH-PHICH)/17 ~~ 1000 users approx
Page 5
Downlink Calculation
Downlink maximum throughput = Number of RB 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with
one RB) 14 (Number of Symbols with a Sub-frame) [ 1 (RS overhead and PDCCH
overhead) ] Modulation symbols efficiency MIMO 1000 (Number of Sub-frame
in one second) Coding rate
Example:
Calculate the FDD LTE system 10M, 2 * 2 MIMO, 64QAM, the Coding rate is 1.
The single cell downlink physical layer theory rate = 50*12*14*(1-(2/21+1/21))*6*2*1000*1 =82.4Mbps
50 50 RB
12 One RB includes 12 sub-carrier
14 A sub-frame 14 symbol
6 64QAM each symbol represents 6 bits
2 2*2 MIMO
1000 1s=1000ms
2/21 RS overhead (total symbol of one RB=12*14=168, RS symbol number=16, 16/168=2/21)
1/21 PDCCH overhead (If downlink sub-frame PDCCH accounted for only a symbol, and the PDCCH symbol is the first
symbol of the sub-frame, this is the minimal overhead in PDCCH, a downlink sub-frame occupies 8 subcarriers, so the
minimal PDCCH overhead is 8 symbols, 8 / (14 * 12) =8/168= 1/21.
82.4Mbps this is an ideal value, because the SCH, BCH also take up some of the resources, and consider the coding rate,
the actual Downlink peak rate around 70Mbps
Page 6
Uplink Calculation
Uplink maximum throughput = Number of RB 12 (Number of Sub-carrier with one RB)
14 (Number of Symbols with a Sub-frame) ( 1 RS overhead ) Modulation symbols efficiency
1000 (Number of Sub-frame in one second) Coding rate
Example:
Calculate the FDD LTE system 10M, None MIMO, 16QAM, the Coding rate is 1.
The UE uplink physical layer theory rate = 46*12*14*(1-1/7)*4*1000*1=26.5Mbps
46 46 RB
12 One RB includes 12 sub-carrier
14 A sub-frame 14 symbol
4 16QAM each symbol represents 4 bits
1 Coding rate
1/7Pilot overhead
1000 1s=1000ms
UE cat4 does not support 64QAM and MIMO in uplink, and consider the PUCCH occupied 4RB, the pilot overhead is 1/7,
the uplink can reach the peak rate 25.6Mbps, in fact should also consider the impact of sounding and PRACH, the uplink
peak rate around 25Mpbs
Page 7
Carrier Frequency EARFCN Calculation(3GPP : 36.104)

Channel raster
Table 5.7.3-1 E-UTRA channel numbers
The channel raster is 100 kHz for all bands, which

means that the carrier centre frequency must be an
integer multiple of 100 kHz.
Carrier frequency and EARFCN

The carrier frequency in the uplink and downlink is
designated by the E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency
Channel Number (EARFCN) in the range 0 - 65535.
The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency
in MHz for the downlink is given by the following equation,
where FDL_low and NOffs-DL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and
NDL is the downlink EARFCN.
FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL NOffs-DL)

The relation between EARFCN and the carrier frequency
in MHz for the uplink is given by the following equation
where FUL_low and NOffs-UL are given in table 5.7.3-1 and
NUL is the uplink EARFCN.
FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL NOffs-UL)
Downlink
Uplink
E-UTRA
FDL_low [MHz]
NOffs-DL
Range of NDL
FUL_low [MHz]
NOffs-UL
Range of NUL
Operating
Band
1
2110
0
0 599
1920
18000 18000 18599
2
1930
600
600 - 1199
1850
18600 18600 19199
3
1805
1200
1200 1949
1710
19200 19200 19949
4
2110
1950
1950 2399
1710
19950 19950 20399
5
869
2400
2400 2649
824
20400 20400 20649
6
875
2650
2650 2749
830
20650 20650 20749
7
2620
2750
2750 3449
2500
20750 20750 21449
8
925
3450
3450 3799
880
21450 21450 21799
9
1844.9
3800
3800 4149
1749.9
21800 21800 22149
10
2110
4150
4150 4749
1710
22150 22150 22749
11
1475.9
4750
4750 4949
1427.9
22750 22750 22949
12
728
5000
5000 5179
698
23000 23000 23179
13
746
5180
5180 5279
777
23180 23180 23279
14
758
5280
5280 5379
788
23280 23280 23379
17
734
5730
5730 5849
704
23730 23730 23849
18
860
5850
5850 5999
815
23850 23850 23999
19
875
6000
6000 6149
830
24000 24000 24149
20
791
6150
6150 - 6449
832
24150
24150 - 24449
21
1495.9
6450
6450 6599
1447.9
24450 24450 24599
33
1900
36000
36000 36199
1900
36000 36000 36199
34
2010
36200
36200 36349
2010
36200 36200 36349
35
1850
36350
36350 36949
1850
36350 36350 36949
36
1930
36950
36950 37549
1930
36950 36950 37549
37
1910
37550
37550 37749
1910
37550 37550 37749
38
2570
37750
37750 38249
2570
37750 37750 38249
39
1880
38250
38250 38649
1880
38250 38250 38649
40
2300
38650
38650 39649
2300
38650 38650 39649
NOTE:
The channel numbers that designate carrier frequencies so close to the operating band edges that the carrier
extends beyond the operating band edge shall not be used. This implies that the first 7, 15, 25, 50, 75 and 100
channel numbers at the lower operating band edge and the last 6, 14, 24, 49, 74 and 99 channel numbers at the
upper operating band edge shall not be used for channel bandwidths of 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 MHz respectively.
Page 8
Example
FDL (center Freq) = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL (EARFCN) NOffs-DL)
Or
NDL (EARFCN)= 10*(FDL (center Freq) - FDL_low ) + NOffs-DL

Say FDL (center Freq) = 1815
NDL (EARFCN)=10*(1815-1805)+1200
NDL (EARFCN)=1300
Page 9
IDLE Mode Behavior

Idle Mode Overview
PLMN Selection
Cell selection & cell reselection
System Information reception
Tracking area registration
Paging monitoring procedure
Page 10
Idle Mode Overview

A UE that is powered on but does not have an RRC connection to the radio network
is defined as being in idle mode. In the case of idle mode management, the eNodeB
sends configurations by broadcasting system information, and accordingly, UEs select
suitable cells to camp on. Idle mode management can increase the access success rate,
improve the quality of service, and ensure that UEs camp on cells with good signal
quality.
Page 11
PLMN Selection
A PLMN identity consists of a Mobile Country Code (MCC) and

a Mobile Network Code (MNC).
When a UE is powered on or recovers from lack of coverage,
after the cell search, the UE first selects the last registered
PLMN and attempts to register on that PLMN. If the registration
on the PLMN is successful, the UE shows the selected PLMN on
the display, and now it can obtain service from an operator. If
the last registered PLMN is unavailable or the registration on
the PLMN fails, another PLMN can be automatically or
manually selected according to the priorities of PLMNs stored
in the USIM.
Page 12
Cell Selection & Reselection

Cell search is a procedure in which a UE achieves time and frequency
synchronization with a cell, obtains the physical cell ID, and learns the
signal quality and other information about the cell based on the
physical cell ID. Before selecting or reselecting a cell, a UE performs
a cell search on all carrier frequencies.
In the Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Synchronization Channels
(SCHs) are specially used for cell search. There are two types of
SCH: Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH).
The cell search procedure on SCHs is as follows:
The UE monitors the P-SCH to achieve clock synchronization with a
maximum synchronization error of 5 ms. Physical cell IDs have
one-to-one mapping with primary synchronization signals. Therefore,
the UE acquires the physical cell ID by monitoring the P-SCH.
The UE monitors the S-SCH to achieve frame synchronization, that is, time synchronization with the cell.
Cell ID groups have a one-to-one relation with secondary synchronization signals. Therefore, the UE acquires the number
of the cell ID group to which the physical cell ID belongs by monitoring the S-SCH. The UE monitors the downlink reference
signal to acquire the signal quality in the cell. The UE monitors the Broadcast Channel (BCH) to acquire other information
about the cell.
Page 13
Cell Selection Criteria
During cell selection, a UE needs to check whether a cell fulfills the cell selection criteria. The cell selection is based
on the RSRP of the E-UTRAN cell. Before a UE can select a cell to camp on, the RSRP of the cell must be higher than
the user-defined minimum receive (RX) level Qrxlevmin of the cell.
The formula for cell selection decision is as follows:
Srxlev > 0
where Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation
Qrxlevmeas is the measured RX level in the cell (RSRP), expressed in decibels with reference to one milliwatt (dBm).
Qrxlevmin is the minimum required RX level (set in the eNodeB) in the cell, expressed in units of dBm.
Qrxlevminoffset is the offset to Qrxlevmin. This offset is taken into account when the UE attempts to camp on a cell in
a higher-priority PLMN. That is, when camped on a cell in a VPLMN, the UE considers this offset parameter, which
was signaled from the associated cell in the higher-priority PLMN, in the Srxlev evaluation.
Pcompensation is generated according to the function max(PMax - UE Maximum Output Power, 0). The value is
expressed in decibels (dB).
PMax is the maximum allowed transmit power of the UE in the cell, expressed in units of dBm. It is used in uplink
transmission.
Page 14
Cell Reselection
The signal strength of both serving cell and neighboring cells varies with the
movement of UE and so the UE need to select the most suitable cell to camp on.
This process is called cell reselection.
Cell reselection process:
Measurement Start criteria
Cell reselection criteria
Intra frequency
Interfrequency (within LTE)
InterRAT ( LTE to Other RAT)
Page 15
Intra frequency Measurement
If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is not configured, the UE

performs intra frequency measurements always.
If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is configured:
Srxlev > SintraSearch,
the UE does not perform intra frequency measurement.
Srxlev <= SintraSearch,
the UE perform intra frequency measurement.
Srxlev = Smeas - SMin

Page 16
Inter Frequency // RAT Measurement
For the neighbor with higher priority
The UE always perform inter frequency / RAT measurement
For the neighbor with Low or equal priority
If the threshold is not configured , the UE always perform inter frequency/RAT measurement
If threshold is configured:
When Srxlev > SNonIntraSearch, UE does not perform inter frequency / RAT
measurement
When Srxlev <=SNonIntraSeach, UE perform inter frequency / RAT measurement
From SIB, UE can get the serving cell & inter frequency / RAT neighbors priority
For the high priority cells, UE measure them always, for low priority cells, UE measure them incase of serving cell signal is lower
Than threshold.
The intra frequency cells have the same frequency priority, frequencies of different RATs must have different priorities
Page 17
Intra Frequency//Same Priority Cell Reselection

Decision
A UE makes a cell reselection decision according to cell reselection criteria. When making a decision on reselection to an intra-
frequency or equal-priority inter-frequency cell, the UE checks whether the signal quality of a neighboring cell is higher than that of the
serving cell. The UE evaluates the neighboring cell only after the cell meets the cell selection criteria.
The cell-ranking criteria R_s for the serving cell and R_n for neighboring cells are defined as follows:
R_s = Qmeas,s + Qhyst
R_n = Qmeas,n - CellQoffset
where:
Qmeas,s is the measured RSRP of the serving cell, expressed in units of dBm.
Qhyst is the hysteresis for the serving cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in units of dB. It is set in the eNodeB.
Qmeas,n is the measured RSRP of the neighboring cell, expressed in units of dBm.
CellQoffset is the offset for the neighboring cell used in the ranking criteria, expressed in units of dB. It is set in the eNodeB.
According to the cell reselection criteria, the UE should reselect the new cell only if both the following conditions are met:
The new cell is ranked higher than the serving cell during the cell reselection time.
More than one second has elapsed since the UE camped on the serving cell.
During cell reselection, the UE needs to check whether access to that cell is allowed according to the cellAccessRelatedInfo Information
Element (IE) in the SIB1. If the cell is barred, it must be excluded from the candidate list, and the UE does not consider the cell as a
candidate for cell reselection. If the cell is unsuitable because it is part of the list of forbidden TAs for roaming or it does not belong to
the registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not consider this cell and other cells on the same frequency as candidates for
reselection for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Page 18
Inter-RAT/Inter Frequency High Priority Cell

Reselection Decision
For the high priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if following conditions
are met:
In reselection time, Sxlev of a neighbor is higher than ThreshXHigh
Note: If the highest cell is unsuitable because is part of list of forbidden Tac for roaming or it does
not belong to registered PLMN or an EPLMN, the UE does not consider this cell as candidate for
reselection for a maximum of 300 seconds.
Page 19
Inter-RAT/Inter-Frequency low Priority Cell

Reselection Decision
For low priority cells, the UE perform cell reselection if the following condition are
met:
No cell on a higher priority frequency meets the criteria
In reselection time, Srxlev of the serving cell is lower than ThrshServLow, but Srxlev
value of the evaluated neighbor cell is greater than ThreshXLow
Page 20
System Information Block Contents

SI Block
Content
MIB
Downlink bandwidth of a cell, Physical HARQ Indication Channel (PHICH) parameters, and System Frame
Number (SFN)
SIB1
SIB2
SIB3
SIB4
Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
Common radio parameters used by all the UEs in a cell
Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell
reselection, and intra-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB5
Inter-frequency E-UTRA Absolute Radio Frequency Channel Number (EARFCN) list and reselection
parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell list and reselection parameters of each neighboring cell used for cell reselection
Inter-frequency cell reselection blacklist
SIB6
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) neighboring EARFCN list and
reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
used for cell reselection
SIB7
SIB8
GERAN neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
CDMA2000 pre-registration information
CDMA2000 neighboring frequency band list and reselection parameters of each band used for cell
reselection
SIB9
SIB10
SIB11
CDMA2000 neighboring cell list of neighboring frequency band

Name of the home eNodeB
Earthquake and Tsunami Warning System (ETWS) primary notification
ETWS secondary notification
Page 21
MIB
i) MIB is transmitted at a fixed cycles (every 4 frames starting from SFN 0)
Page 22
System Information Type-1
1- MCC/MNC
2- Tracking area code: TAC
3- Cell identity
Scheduling information of other SIBs
i) SIB1 is also transmitted at the fixed cycles (every 8 frames

starting from SFN 0).
SIB1
Parameters related to cell access and cell selection and scheduling information of SI messages
Page 23
System Information (Sib-3)
SIB3
Common cell reselection parameters for all the cells and intra-frequency cell reselection parameters
Page 24
System Information(Sib-4//Sib-6)
SIB6
SIB4
Intra-frequency neighboring cell list, reselection parameters of

each neighboring cell used for cell reselection, and intrafrequency cell reselection blacklist
UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) Frequency Division Duplex (FDD)

neighboring EARFCN list and reselection parameters of each EARFCN
used for cell reselection
UTRA Time Division Duplex (TDD) neighboring EARFCN list and

reselection parameters of each EARFCN used for cell reselection
Page 25
Tracking Area Registration

EPC send paging messages to all enodeB in the TA. A TA is identified by
Tracking area identifier (TAI), which consist of MCC+MNC+TAC
TA in SIB1:
A UE informs the EPC of its Tracking area in 2 ways.
Attach/Detach
TA update (Periodic + Normal)
Page 26
Attach//Detach
When a UE needs to obtain service from a network but is not registered to the
network, the UE perform an attach procedure for TA registration
When the UE fails to access the EPC or the EPC doesnt allow the access of the
UE, a detach procedure is initiated. After the detach procedure, EPC no longer
pages the UE.
Page 27
TA Update (Periodic + Normal)
TA update are performed in the following situations:
The UE detects a new TA
The periodic TA update timer expires(T3412)
The UE perform reselection to an E-UTRAN cell from another RAT
The RRC connection is released because of load balancing
The information on UE capabilities stored in the ECP changes
The DRX parameter changes
Page 28
Paging Monitoring Procedure

Key Concept
1- DefaultPagingCycle (T), DRX Cycle Coefficient.
2- Paging Frame (PF)
Function of IMSI
3- Paging Occasion (PO)
Paging Parameters in SIB2
SFN for PF
SFN mod T = (T div N) x (UE_ID mod N)
For Subframe PO
The subframe number i_s of a PO is derived from the following formula:
i_s =Floor (UE_ID/N) mod Ns
*Occasion (PO) is a subframe where there may be P-RNTI transmitted on PDCCH addressing the
paging message.
* Paging Frame (PF) is one Radio Frame, which may contain one or multiple Paging Occasion(s).
BCCH-DL-SCH-Message ::= SEQUENCE

+-message ::= CHOICE [c1]
+-c1 ::= CHOICE [systemInformation]
+-systemInformation ::= SEQUENCE
+-criticalExtensions ::= CHOICE [systemInformation-r8]
+-systemInformation-r8 ::= SEQUENCE [0]
+-sib-TypeAndInfo ::= SEQUENCE OF SIZE(1..maxSIB[32]) [1]
| +- ::= CHOICE [sib2]
| +-sib2 ::= SEQUENCE [00]
......
| | +-pcch-Config ::= SEQUENCE
| | | +-defaultPagingCycle ::= ENUMERATED [rf128]
| | | +-nB ::= ENUMERATED [oneT]
Page 29
SFN for PF
Meaning of Parameters
For Subframe PO
T=DRX Cycle
N=N is min(T,NB). The NB parameter specifies the number of PO subframes in a DRX cycle. Based on the actual
configuration on the eNodeB, NB can be set to 4T, 2T, T, T/2, T/4, T/8, T/16, or T/32.
Ns =max(1,NB/T).
UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024.
SIB-2
Page 30
Understanding of NB
Page 31
SFN for PF
Example
IMSI: IMSI(448835805669362)
N=N is min(T,NB) N=min(T,T) T=128
Ns =max(1,NB/T) Ns=max(1,NB/T) Ns=max(1,T/T) 1
UE_ID is IMSI mod 1024 (448835805669362) mod 1024=1010
For Subframe PO
SFN mod T=(128 div 128) x (1010 mod 128)= 114

i_s=Floor(UE_ID/N) mod Ns= Floor(1010/128) mod 1= Floor(7.890625) mod 1=7 mod 1= 0
9 10 11 12 13 . . 114 123 124 125 126 127

P
PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF PF F PF PF PF PF PF PF
0
9
PO
Page 32
Connected Mode
Handover
Power Control (DL)
Scheduling (DL)
Page 33
Handover Procedure
Mobility Management Overview
Intra Frequency handover
Inter Frequency handover
Inter RAT handover
Page 34
Mobility Management Overview
Page 35
Handover Procedures Entities
mobility robust optimization (MRO)
Page 36
Measurement Triggering
Only voice
Page 37
Handover Events
Page 38
Key Concept
RRC Connection Reconfiguration is use to
Modify/establish/release RB/to perform
Handover, to setup/modify/release measurement
Main IE:
Measurementconfiguration
Mobilitycontrolinformation
Nas-DedicatedInformation
RadioResourceConfiguration
Securityconfiguration
Ue-RelatedInformation
Step
Direction
Message
Target Cell
UE <---> SS
< Power On and Registration >
Cell 1
UE <---> SS
< Now UE is in IDLE mode >
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
Paging
Cell 1
UE ---> SS
RRC Connection Request
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
RRC Connection Setup
Cell 1
UE ---> SS
RRC Connection Setup Complete
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
Security Mode Command
Cell 1
UE ---> SS
Security Mode Complete
Cell 1
UE <--- SS
RRC Connection Reconfiguration
Cell 1
10
UE ---> SS
RRCConnectionReconfigurationComplete
Cell 1
11
UE <--- SS
Cell 1
12
UE ---> SS
Cell 1
13
UE ---> SS
Measurement Report
Cell 1
14
UE <--- SS
Cell 1
15
UE ---> SS
PRACH
Cell 2
16
UE <--- SS
RACH Response
Cell 2
17
UE ---> SS
Cell 2
18
UE <--- SS
ueCapabilityEnquiry
Cell 2
19
UE ---> SS
ueCapabilityInformation
Cell 2
20
UE ---> SS
ulInformationTransfer + Detach Request
Cell 2
21
UE <--- SS
RRC Connection Release
Cell 2
Page 39
Memo
reactivating default
EPS Bearer
Measurement Control
for Target Cell
Handover Command
PASS/FAIL
Gap Mode
A measurement gap is a time period during which the UE
performs measurements on a neighboring frequency of the
serving frequency. Measurement gaps are applicable to interfrequency and inter-RAT measurements. The UE performs
inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements only within the
measurement gaps. One UE normally has only one receiver,
and consequently one UE can receive the signals on only one
frequency at a time.
When inter-frequency or inter-RAT measurements are
triggered, the eNodeB delivers the measurement gap
configuration, and then the UE starts gap-assisted
measurements accordingly. As shown above, Tperiod denotes
the repetition period of measurement gaps, and TGAP denotes
the gap width, within which the UE performs measurements
Page 40
Intra-Frequency handover
Event A3 will be trigger for Intra-frequency handover.
Page 41
Handover Procedure
LTE Vs WCDMA Jargon
RRC Connection Reconfiguration == Measurement Control
Measurement Report == Measurement Report
RRC Connection Reconfiguration == Physical Channel
Reconfiguration or ActiveSetUpdate
RRC Connection Reconfiguration Complete == Physical
Channel Reconfiguration Complete or
ActiveSetUpdateComplete
Page 42
Page 43
Page 44
The data forwarding process is as follows: After the source

eNodeB sends a handover command to the UE, the UE
detaches the connection from the source eNodeB. The source
eNodeB then forwards the uplink (UL) data that is received out
of order and the DL data to be transmitted, to the target
eNodeB.
Data forwarding prevents a decrease in the data transfer ratio
and an increase in the data transfer delay that are caused by
user data loss during the handover.
Intra-eNodeB handovers do not require data forwarding. In
the case of inter-eNodeB handover, the source eNodeB selects
a data forwarding path by using the X2/S1 adaptation
mechanism.
Page 45
When a handover fails, the UE performs a cell selection

procedure and then initiates a procedure of RRC connection reestablishment towards the selected cell. The eNodeB makes a
decision based on whether the context of the UE is present or
not. If the eNodeB accepts the re-establishment request, the
UE accesses the selected cell, thus avoiding drop of the call
caused by the handover failure.
Page 46
Inter-Frequency Measurement
Page 47
Event A2 Triggering Algorithm

In a coverage-based inter-frequency handover, event A2 triggers
inter-frequency measurements. The triggering of this event
indicates that the signal quality in the serving cell is lower
than a specified threshold.
Ms: The measurement result of the serving cell
Hys: The hysteresis for event A2
Thresh: The threshold for event A2, it can be
defined separately with RSRP or RSRQ
Page 48
Event A1 Stop Algorithm

Ms: The measurement result of the serving cell
Page 49
Event A4 Handover Execution
Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring cell.

Ofn: The frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the
neighboring cell.
Ocn: The cell-specific offset for the neighboring cell.
Thresh: The threshold for event A4
Page 50
Inter-RAT Measurement
Measurement Trigger
Page 51
Measurement Object
Page 52
Handover Trigger B1 Event

Mn: The measurement result of the neighboring cell
Ofn: The frequency-specific offset for the frequency of the
neighboring cell
Hys: The hysteresis for event B1. The hysteresis values for
inter-RAT handovers to UTRAN,
Page 53
LTE UMTS PS Handover Flow
Page 54
Power Control
Page 55
Classification of Power Control
Page 56
Downlink Power Control Classification

The configured power must meet the requirements for the
downlink coverage of the cell
Fixed power assignment

Fixed power assignment is applicable to the cell-specific
reference signal, synchronization signal, PBCH, PCFICH, and
the PDCCH and PDSCH that carry common information of the
cell. Users configure fixed power based on channel quality.
The configured power must meet the requirements for the
downlink coverage of the cell.
Dynamic power control

Dynamic power control is applicable to the PHICH and the
PDCCH and PDSCH that carry dedicated information sent to
UEs. Dynamic power control lowers interference, expands cell
capacity, and increases coverage while meeting users'
QoS requirements. However, these channels can also support
fix power assignment, and in fact, this is our recommendation because the AMC function can also meet the requirement of QoS.
Page 57
Cell Specific RS Power Setting

The cell-specific reference signal is transmitted in all downlink
subframes. The signal serves as a basis for downlink channel
estimation, which is used for data demodulation.
The power for the cell-specific reference signal is set through
the ReferenceSignalPwr parameter, which indicates the Energy
Per Resource Element (EPRE) of the cell-specific reference
signal.
Page 58
Synchronization Signal Power Setting

The synchronization signal is used for cell search and system
synchronization. There are two types of synchronization signals,
the Primary Synchronization Channel (P-SCH) and the
Secondary Synchronization Channel (S-SCH).
The offset of the power for the P-SCH and S-SCH against the
power for the cell-specific reference signal is set through the
SchPwr parameter.
Page 59
PBCH/PCFICH Power Setting

On the PBCH, broadcast messages are sent in each frame. The
messages carry the basic system information of the cell, such as
the cell bandwidth, antenna configuration, and frame number.
The offset of the power for the PBCH against the power for the
cell-specific reference signal is set through the PbchPwr
parameter.
The PCFICH carries the number of OFDM symbols used for
PDCCH transmission in a subframe. The PCFICH is always
mapped to the first OFDM symbol of each subframe.
The power for the PCFICH is set through the PcfichPwr
parameter, which indicates an offset of the power for the
PCFICH against the power for the cell-specific reference signal.
Page 60
PDCCH/PDSCH Power Setting
Page 61
Dynamic Power Control - PHICH
Page 62
Dynamic Power Control - PDCCH

When PDCCH carry the following dedicate info,
power control should be performed to ensure the receive
reliability
Uplink scheduling information (DCI format 0)
Downlink scheduling information
(DCI format 1/1A/1B/2/2A)
PUSCH/PUCCH TPC commands
(DCI format 3/3A)
Page 63
PDSCH Power Presentation

Regarding power control for the PDSCH, the
OFDM symbols on one slot can be classified
into two types. Above table shows the
OFDM symbol indexes within a slot where
the ratio of the EPRE to the EPRE of RS is
denoted by A or B.
Page 64
Automatic Neighbor Relation

ANR is a self-optimization function. It automatically maintains the integrity and effectiveness of neighbor cell lists (NCLs) to
increase handover success rates and improve network performance. In addition, ANR does not require manual intervention,
which reduces the costs of network planning and optimization.
Neighbor relations are classified into normal and abnormal neighbor relations. Abnormal neighbor relations exist in the
cases of missing neighboring cells, unstable neighbor relations, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell
coverage. ANR automatically detects missing neighboring cells, PCI collisions, and abnormal neighboring cell coverage
and maintains neighbor relations.
ANR classifications
Page 65
Concepts Related to ANR

-NCL
-NRT
-TempNRT
-BlackList
-HO Black List
-X2 Black List
-WhiteList
-HO White List
-X2 White List
-PCI Collision
-Abnormal Neighbor Cell
coverage
Page 66
NCL
An NCL of a cell contains the information about the neighboring cells of a cell. Unless
otherwise stated, neighboring cells mentioned in this document exclude intra-eNodeB
neighboring cells. NCLs are classified into intra-RAT NCLs and inter-RAT NCLs. Each
cell has one intra-RAT NCL and multiple inter-RAT NCLs.
An NCL includes the ECGIs (for E-UTRAN cells) or CGIs (for inter-RAT cells), PCIs, and
EARFCNs of the neighboring cells.
The eNodeB adds newly detected neighboring cells to the NCL. The NCL is used as a
basis for creating neighbor relations. Neighboring cells in the NCL can be automatically
managed (for example, added, deleted, or modified) by ANR. They can also be
managed manually.
Page 67
NRT
An NRT of a cell contains the information about the neighbor relations between a cell and its neighboring cells
NRTs are classified into intra-RAT NRTs and inter-RAT NRTs. Each cell has one intra-RAT intra-frequency NR
one intra-RAT inter-frequency NRT, and multiple inter-RAT NRTs. The intra-RAT intra-frequency NRT and intra
intra-frequency NRT are referred to as the intra-RAT NRT in this document.
shows an example of the NRT. The information in this table is for reference only.
Table 3-1 An example of the NRT
SN
LCI
Local Cell
PLMN
TCI
No Remove
No HO
LCI#1
46001
TCI#1
TRUE
TRUE
LCI#1
46001
TCI#2
FALSE
FALSE
LCI#1
46001
TCI#3
TRUE
TRUE
Page 68
TempNRT
A TempNRT is a temporary NRT. It has the same data structure as the NRT. Each cell has an intra-RAT intra-frequency
TempNRT and an intra-RAT inter-frequency TempNRT but does not have an inter-RAT TempNRT. The Intra-RAT intrafrequency TempNRT and intra-RAT intra-frequency TempNRT are referred to as the intra-RAT TempNRT in this document.
After detecting a new intra-RAT neighbor relation, the eNodeB adds it to the intra-RAT TempNRT. Then, the eNodeB
regularly maintains the neighbor relation in the TempNRT. If the new neighbor relation is normal, the eNodeB adds it to the
intra-RAT NRT.
Page 69
Blacklist
HO Blacklist
An HO blacklist contains the information about neighbor relations that cannot be used for a handover or removed automatically
from the NRT by ANR. The neighbor relations in the HO blacklist must meet the following conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = TRUE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO blacklist manually.
X2 Blacklist
An X2 blacklist contains the information about an eNodeB and its neighboring eNodeBs. X2 interfaces cannot be set up
automatically between the eNodeB and the neighboring eNodeBs. If an X2 interface has been set up, it will be removed
automatically.
Page 70
Whitelist
HO Whitelist
An HO whitelist [1] contains the information about neighbor relations that can be used for a handover but cannot be removed
automatically from the NRT by ANR. The neighbor relations in the HO whitelist must meet the following conditions:
NO Remove = TRUE
NO HO = FALSE
A neighbor relation can be added to the HO whitelist manually.
X2 Whitelist
An X2 whitelist contains the information about an eNodeB and its neighboring eNodeBs. The X2 interfaces established between
the eNodeB and the neighboring eNodeBs cannot be removed automatically
Page 71
PCI
A PCI is the identifier of a physical cell. A maximum of 504 PCIs are supported, according to reference document. Therefore, PCI
collisions occur inevitably. PCI collisions negatively affect handover performance and the handover success rate. For details about
PCI collision handling,
The PCI of an E-UTRAN cell corresponds to:
The primary scrambling code (PSC) of a UTRAN FDD cell
The cell ID of a UTRAN TDD cell
The base transceiver station identity code (BSIC) of a GSM/EDGE radio access network (GERAN) cell
The pseudo number (PN) offset of a CDMA cell
Page 72
Abnormal Neighboring Cell Coverage
Abnormal neighboring cell coverage (also called cross-cell coverage) refers to the coverage of a cell that is not a neighboring cell
of the serving cell but can be detected by a UE in the serving cell. The eNodeB regards this cell as a neighboring cell of the
serving cell and therefore attempts to add the neighbor relation to the NRT,. The signals of an abnormal neighboring cell are
generally unstable and therefore the success rate of handovers to this cell is low. The coverage of neighboring cells may be
abnormal in any of the following scenarios:
l The antenna tilt or orientation changes because of improper installation or a natural phenomenon such as strong wind.
l In mountains, the signals of the umbrella cell cover lower cells.
Page 73
Classification of ANR
Intra-RAT ANR
Intra-RAT Fast ANR
Inter-RAT ANR
Inter-RAT Fast ANR
Page 74
Intra-RAT ANR
1. The source eNodeB delivers the inter-frequency measurement
configuration to the UE and requests the UE to measure inter-frequency
neighboring cells that meet the measurement configuration.
Source
2. The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the measurement configuration and
reports it to the source eNodeB. Then, the source eNodeB checks whether the intraRAT NCL of cell A includes the PCI of cell B. If yes, the procedure ends. If no, the
following steps continue.
3. The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly discovered PCI as a
parameter, to read the ECGI, Tracking Area Code (TAC), and PLMN ID list of cell B.
4. The source eNodeB schedules appropriate idle periods to allow the UE to read
the ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B over the broadcast channel (BCH).
5. The UE reports the detected ECGI, TAC, and PLMN ID list of cell B to the source
eNodeB.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell of cell B to the intra-RAT NCL of
cell A and adds the neighbor relation to the intra-RAT TempNRT
Page 75
Neighbor
Intra-RAT Fast ANR

Before a UE performs handovers, the eNodeB can obtain the information about all neighboring cells with the signal quality
reaching or exceeding certain RSRP (it is specified by the FastAnrRsrpThd parameter) based on the reporting of periodic UE
measurements. This reduces the impact of event-triggered UE measurements on handover performance when the UE
performs handovers.
Page 76
Inter-RAT ANR
1. The source eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration
(including target RATs and EARFCNs) to the UE, activates the measurement
gap mode, and instructs the UE to measure the neighboring cells that meet
the measurement configuration.
2. The UE detects that the PCI of cell B meets the measurement
configuration and reports it to cell A. If the source eNodeB detects that its
NCL does not include the PCI of cell B, it proceeds to the following step.
3. The source eNodeB instructs the UE, using the newly discovered PCI as a
parameter, to read other parameters of cell B, such as CGI.
4. The source eNodeB schedules appropriate measurement gaps to allow the UE to
read the CGI and other parameters of cell B over the BCH.
5. The UE reports the source eNodeB the CGI and other parameters of cell B.
The source eNodeB adds the newly detected neighboring cell to its inter-RAT NCL and
adds the neighbor relation to the inter-RAT NRT.
Page 77
Inter-RAT Fast ANR

After inter-RAT fast ANR is activated, the eNodeB delivers the inter-RAT measurement configuration to the UE and instructs the
UE to detect neighboring GERAN, UTRAN, and CDMA cells by using periodic measurements.
The principles of inter-RAT fast ANR are the same as those of intra-RAT fast ANR
Page 78
PCI Collision Handling

A PCI collision occurs if two cells in an NCL have the same PCI but different ECGIs. PCI collisions may be caused by improper
network planning or abnormal neighboring cell coverage (also known as cross-cell coverage). If two intra-frequency neighboring
cells have the same PCI, interference will be caused.
When a PCI collision occurs, the eNodeB cannot determine the target cell for a handover. This deteriorates the handover
performance and reduces the handover success rate. Therefore, eliminating PCI collisions is an important issue in network
optimization.
After a PCI collision is eliminated, the PCI is unique in the coverage area of the cell and unique in the neighbor relations of the
cell.
PCI collision detections are triggered after intra-RAT ANR updates neighboring cells. PCI collision handling involves automatically
detecting PCI collisions and reallocating PCIs.
PCI reallocation is a process of allocating a new PCI to a cell whose PCI collides with the PCI of another cell. This aims to
eliminate PCI collisions.
If Optimization Analysis Mode is set to Immediate or Scheduled, the M2000 triggers PCI reallocation in the mode specified
by the value of Optimization Analysis Mode. The M2000 also provides suggestions on PCI reallocation upon receiving a PCI
collision alarm.
Page 79
Overview ICIC
All physical resource blocks (PRBs) occupied by user equipment (UEs) in
a cell are mutually orthogonal in the frequency domain; therefore,
intra-cell interference is very low. However, inter-cell interference is
relatively high because the frequency reuse factor is 1, in which case
every cell can provide services over the entire system band. For cell
edge users (CEUs), the impact of the inter-cell interference is especially
severe. Therefore, to increase the cell capacity and CEU throughput,
inter-cell interference must be mitigated.
ICIC
UL
DL
Static
Dynamic
Static
Dynamic
ICIC is a technology that collaborates with power control and media access control (MAC) scheduling technologies to
mitigate inter-cell interference. ICIC divides the entire system band into three frequency bands and uses different
frequency bands at the edge of neighboring cells. CEUs, which cause high interference or may be sensitive to
interference, are preferentially scheduled in the cell edge bands to mitigate inter-cell interference. The interference
mitigation enhances the network coverage and improves the CEU throughput
Page 80
Technical Principles of ICIC

Key Concept:
A3 Event for ICIC
CEU/CCU
Power Control
MAC Scheduling
The relationships between the key techniques are described
as follows:
i) CEU/CCU identification is a technique of identifying the UE
type (CEU or CCU) based on event A3.
ii) Edge band mode assignment is a technique of allocating
different edge bands to neighboring cells. Edge band
adjustment is a technique of expanding or shrinking the edge
band of a cell based on inter-cell interference and the cell
load. Edge band mode assignment and edge band adjustment
collaborate to determine the edge band of each cell.
iii) Power control and MAC scheduling collaborate to allocate
PRBs to UEs based on cell edge bands and UE types. PRBs in
edge bands are mainly allocated to CEUs, and those in center
bands are mainly allocated to CCUs.
Page 81
CEU/CCU Identification
Principles
When initially accessing a network, a UE is recognized as a CCU by the serving cell; after a handover, the UE is recognized as a
CEU by the target cell. After a short period following the initial access or handover, the eNodeB starts to use event A3 for ICIC
(referred to as ICIC event A3 in this document) to determine whether the UEs are CEUs or CCUs.
eNodeBs identify CEUs and CCUs based on ICIC event A3 as follows:

i) If an ICIC event A3 report contains the measurement result only about the
serving cell of a UE, the eNodeB treats the UE as a CCU. An example of this is
when the UE moves from the cell edge to the cell center.
ii) If an ICIC event A3 report contains the measurement result about at least one
neighboring cell, the eNodeB treats the UE as a CEU.
Page 82
ICIC Event A3 Based on RSRP Measurement
Page 83
Entering Condition for ICIC Event A3
Page 84
Leaving Condition for ICIC Event A3
Page 85
More Parameter of ICIC Event A3
Page 86
Edge Band Mode Assignment

Edge band mode assignment is a technique of allocating
different edge bands to neighboring cells. There are three edge
band modes: MODE1, MODE2, and MODE3, whichrepresent
low-, medium-, and high-frequency bands, respectively. The
bandwidth of each band is about 1/3 of the physical downlink
shared channel (PDSCH) or physical uplink shared channel
(PUSCH) bandwidth. The PRBs available to CEUs in a cell using a
specific edge band mode correlate with the ICIC policy and
system bandwidth. The policy can be either dynamic ICIC or
static ICIC.
If there are three cells per eNodeB, as shown in Figure 3-2,
neighboring cells use different edge band modes so that CEUs
in the cells are served by different frequency bands in the
system band. Theoretically, the use of three edge band modes
can eliminate inter-cell interference in the frequency domain.
Page 87
Edge Band Adjustment (Only in Dynamic ICIC)

There are two ICIC policies: static ICIC and dynamic ICIC. The difference between them is that only dynamic ICIC adjusts edge
bands.
i) Edge band expansion condition
The current cell expands its edge band if its edge band is heavily loaded while the edge bands in its neighboring cells are lightly
loaded. Figure is used as an example to describe edge load evaluation: Yellow grids for the current cell represent the PRBs
defined in static ICIC, and green grids with Y denote the PRBs that CEUs in the current cell actually use beyond the edge band
defined in static ICIC. In this situation, the current cell determines that the number of PRBs required by CEUs is greater than the
number of cell edge PRBs defined in static ICIC. The edge load of the current cell is high while the edge load of the neighboring
cell is low.
ii) Edge band shrinking condition
Active shrinking: The current cell actively shrinks its edge
band if its edge load is relatively low.
Passive shrinking: When the neighboring cell expands its
actual edge band within the edge band defined in static ICIC,
the current cell shrinks its edge band if the PRBs used by the
current and neighboring cells collide. Figure shows an example
of passive shrinking.
Page 88
Scheduling
The eNodeB implements scheduling at the media access control (MAC) layer and provides time-frequency resources for uplink
and downlink through scheduling. On the premise of guaranteed quality of service (QoS), scheduling aims to transmit data on
the channel with better quality and maximize system throughput by using different channel qualities among UEs.
Page 89
Scheduling Policies
Max C/I
l Round robin (RR)
l Proportional fair (PF)
l Enhanced proportional fair (EPF)
Scheduling Policy
Max C/I
Effect Factor
Channel quality
Scheduling Priority
The UE with better channel quality has a higher priority in
scheduling.
Usage Scenario
To verify the maximum system
throughput
RR
None
Each UE has equal opportunity to be scheduled.
To verify the upper limit of

scheduling fairness
PF
Service rate and channel quality
The UE with a small ratio between the service rate and channel
quality has a higher priority in scheduling.
To verify the system throughput

and fairness
EPF
Service rate, channel quality, and QoS

requirement
In operating networks
Page 90
Scheduling Scheme
Semi Persistent
Dynamic
Semi-Persistent Scheduling
Semi-persistent scheduling is introduced to reduce the overhead of control signaling. Semi-persistent scheduling is a
process where one user uses the same time-and-frequency resources in a specified semi-persistent scheduling period (20
ms in Huawei eNodeB) until they are released. Semi-persistent scheduling is mainly used for processing services with a
constant rate, regular packet arrival, and low delay requirements, such as the Voice over IP (VoIP). By adopting semipersistent scheduling, VoIP services can save the overhead of control signaling and increase the VoIP capacity.
Dynamic Scheduling
In dynamic scheduling, scheduling is performed every Transmission Time Interval (TTI) of 1 ms and all the UEs to be
scheduled are notified with the scheduling information through control signaling within this TTI. Dynamic scheduling has
no requirements on the size and arrival time of data packets. Therefore, dynamic scheduling is applicable for all services.
Page 91
DL Scheduler
Downlink scheduling allocates time-and-frequency resources at
the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) for transmission
of system messages and downlink data. Downlink scheduling
described in this chapter is based on the EPF scheduling
strategy.
Downlink scheduling calculates available scheduling resources

based on the current remaining power. In addition, the
scheduling priority and Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)
are determined based on the amount of data at the Radio Link
Control (RLC) layer, QoS requirements of bearers, and UE
channel quality. In downlink scheduling, the UE channel quality
information is obtained through the CQIs reported by the UE.
The prioritization and MCS selection of scheduling depend on
the CQI information. Therefore, if reported CQIs cannot
properly reflect the actual channel conditions, the downlink
resource efficiency is low.
Page 92
DL Scheduling
VoIP service
The VoIP service experiencing semi-persistent scheduling has the highest
priority. Semi-persistent scheduling is used in the talk spurts of the VoIP
services.
Control-plane data and IMS signaling
Control-plane data consists of common control messages and UE-level control
messages. Common control messages consist of broadcast messages, paging
messages, and random access response messages. UE-level control messages
consist of Signaling Radio Bearer 0 (SRB0), SRB1, and SRB2.
The scheduling of IMS signaling is the same as that of UE-level control
messages.
HARQ retransmission data
Other initial transmission services
Other initial transmission services refer to the initial transmission services of
other QCIs excluding VoIP services and IMS signaling.
Page 93
VOIP
Page 94
Control-Plane Data and IMS Signaling
The scheduling priority of control-plane data is only lower than that of VoIP services. Control-plane data is subject to
dynamic scheduling. Control-plane data consists of common control messages and UE-level control messages. The
scheduling of IMS signaling is the same as that of UE-level control messages. Handover and Power control is also UELevel Control messages.
Page 95
HAQR Retransmission Data
Page 96
Total Process of Other Services Prioritization

*UEs that experience semi-persistent scheduling in the current
TTI
*UEs that experience HARQ retransmission scheduling in the current TTI
*UEs that run out of HARQ process numbers
*UEs that enter the measurement gap
*UEs that enter the DRX dormant period
*UEs that stay out of synchronization and have failed radio links
Rate of non-GBR service > Min_GBR (DLMINGBR)
Within Time T:
Rate of GBR service > T*{Maximum number of DL-SCH
transport block bits received within a TTI}
Page 97
Prioritization of Remaining Services

Prioritization of Non-GBR Service
CQI
The service with higher spectral efficiency of the corresponding wideband CQI has a
higher priority.
Max C/I
Average rate of non-GBR services

The non-GBR service with a larger average rate has a lower priority.
PF
UE differentiation factor
The UE differentiation factor reflects the priority of UEs of different levels. The UE with
a higher level set by operators has a higher priority in scheduling.
ARP
Allocation Retention Priority
Weight factor {Bit Torrent Vs Non-Bit Torrent And/Or QCI}

Weight factors in downlink scheduling are classified into QCI class weight factors and
service type-based weight factors. Huawei eNodeB can distinguish between Bit Torrent
(BT) and non-BT services using a switch under the DlSchSwitch parameter.
Larger weight factor leads to higher priority of scheduling
SPI
Service Priority Indicator
Max C/I + PF+ARP+SPI=ePF
Page 98
Prioritization of GBR
Prioritization of GBR Service
Channel quality
The instantaneous channel quality of the UE is taken into account. The UE with
better instantaneous channel quality has a higher priority. In the case of the same
channel quality, the GBR service with QCI of 1 has a higher priority than other GBR
services.
Max C/I
Delay
The closer the waiting time of the first packet in the buffer is to the Packet Delay
Budget (PDB), the higher the priority is. The PDB value depends on the QCI.
PF
Relative priority
The prioritization of GBR services is different from that of non-GBR services. This
factor is added to compare the priority of GBR services with that of non-GBR
services.
SPI
Service Priority Indicator
Page 99
MCS Selection & Resource Allocation
Page 100
Calculation of Throughput based on MCS
If you know the MCS index, you can calculate the throughput for that specific MCS index as follows:
Calculation Procedure for downlink(PDSCH) is as follows :
i) refer to TS36.213 Table 7.1.7.1-1
ii) get I_TBS for using MCS value (ex, I_TBS is 21 if MCS is 23)
iii) refer to TS36.213 Table7.1.7.2.1
iv) go to column header indicating the number of RB
v) go to row header 21 which is I_TBS
vi) you would get 51024 (if the number of RB is 100 and I_TBS is 21)
vii) (This is Transfer Block Size per 1 ms for one Antenna)
If we use 2 antenna, it is 51024 bits * 2 Antenna * 1000 ms = about 100 Mbps
Calculation Procedure for uplink(PUSCH) is as follows :
Same as the downlink as above except that you have to refer to 36.213 Table 8.6.1-1 at step i)
Uplink Analysis Parameter Calculation

Page 101
Page 102
Thank you
www.huawei.com
Copyright2011 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All Rights Reserved.
The information in this document may contain predictive statements including, without limitation, statements regarding the future
financial and operating results, future product portfolio, new technology, etc. There are a number of factors that could cause actual
results and developments to differ materially from those expressed or implied in the predictive statements. Therefore, such information
is provided for reference purpose only and constitutes neither an offer nor an acceptance. Huawei may change the information at any
time without notice.

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LTE Radio Interface Procedures

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Frame Structure (FDD)

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Number of Scheduled User in 1 TTI

2bits for QPSK

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Carrier Frequency EARFCN Calculation(3GPP : 36.104)

Table 5.7.3-1 E-UTRA channel numbers

The channel raster is 100 kHz for all bands, which

Carrier frequency and EARFCN

FDL = FDL_low + 0.1(NDL NOffs-DL)

FUL = FUL_low + 0.1(NUL NOffs-UL)

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NDL (EARFCN)= 10*(FDL (center Freq) - FDL_low ) + NOffs-DL

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IDLE Mode Behavior

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Idle Mode Overview

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A PLMN identity consists of a Mobile Country Code (MCC) and

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Cell Selection & Reselection

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Cell Selection Criteria

The formula for cell selection decision is as follows:

where Srxlev = Qrxlevmeas - (Qrxlevmin + Qrxlevminoffset) - Pcompensation

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Cell reselection process:

Measurement Start criteria

Cell reselection criteria

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Intra frequency Measurement

If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is not configured, the UE

If the intra frequency measurement triggering threshold is configured:

Srxlev > SintraSearch,

the UE does not perform intra frequency measurement.

Srxlev <= SintraSearch,

the UE perform intra frequency measurement.

Srxlev = Smeas - SMin

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Inter Frequency // RAT Measurement

For the neighbor with higher priority

The UE always perform inter frequency / RAT measurement

For the neighbor with Low or equal priority

When Srxlev <=SNonIntraSeach, UE perform inter frequency / RAT measurement

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Intra Frequency//Same Priority Cell Reselection

R_s = Qmeas,s + Qhyst