DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Image
An image may be defined as two dimensional light intensity function f(x, y) where
x and y denotespatial co-ordinate and the amplitude or value of f at any point (x, y) is
called intensity or grayscale or brightness of the image at that point.

Pixel
A digital image is composed of a finite number of elements each of which has a
particular location or value. These elements are referred to as pixels or image elements or
picture elements or pels elements.

Digital image processing

Processing of digital images on a digital computer
Not just limited to the visual band ofthe electromagnetic(EM) spectrum
Entire EM spectrum
Ultrasound
Electron microscopy
Computer generated images

The origins of digital image processing

One of the first applications of digital images was in the newspaper
industry, when pictures were first sent by submarine cable between London
and New York.

based on photographic reproduction - 1922

5 levels of gray
with better tonal quality and resolution

In 1929
Reproduced with 15 levels of gray

Computer Advances
the invention of the transistor by Bell Labs. in 1948
the development of the high-level programming languages
the invention of the IC at Texas Instruments in 1958
the development of operation systems in the early 1960s
the development of microprocessor by Intel in the early 1970s
introduction by IBM of the personal computer in 1981
Large Scale IC in the late 1970s
VLSI in the 1980s, ULSI present
IC Technology, Mass storage and display systems
Computers have powerful processing capability to process images

Image processing applications

The first computers powerful enough to carry out meaningful image processing tasks
appeared in the early 1960s - Fig. 1.4

Image enhancement
Image restoration

Electromagnetic energy spectrum

Examples of fields that use DIP

Gamma-Ray Imaging
X-Ray Imaging
Imaging in the Ultraviolet Band
Imaging in the Visible and Infrared Bands
Imaging in the Microwave Band
Imaging in the Radio Band
Examples in which other imaging modalities are used

Steps in DIP

Step 1: Image Acquisition