SDV and the Universal Edge QAM

Rick Morris
Director, D5 Comcast
Program Management

www.arrisi.com

Agenda
Video Services Today
What is SDV and Why do I care?
What is a Universal Edge QAM?
What is the role of the U-EQAM in SDV?
How does SDV Work?
U-EQAM Deployment Configurations
Future U-EQAM Technology Evolution

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Video Services Today

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Evolution of Video Services

VoD

1. Video services historically started with

analog broadcast services
2. Various forms of near-video-on-demand
and true video-on-demand services
began to emerge

Broadcast

3. Digital video and technology has moved

into these services today for both
Broadcast and VOD (Annexes A, B and
C)
4. Historically services, such as VOD,
were provided by single-purpose Edge
QAM devices

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Evolution of Video Services

1. Todays services offerings now add
Switched Digital Video to the puzzle
2. In the future U-EQAMs will also
function as a Multi-Service M-CMTS /
Multimedia Forwarding QAM (DS
PHY) for DOCSIS 3.0

SDV
VoD

3. Introduction of Universal Edge QAM

devices allow all of these applications
to be delivered simultaneously
through a single Edge QAM device
(see later discussion on QAM sharing)

Broadcast
Future Release

4. Converged service offerings include

Voice, Data and Video

M-CMTS

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What is SDV and Why Do I Care?

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Traditional Broadcast System

BEFORE: 20 QAM channels used to deliver 200 Standard
Definition TV channels
Note: HD requires ~5 times more bandwidth per program

Traditional Broadcast Video

STB

STB
STB

Long tail
Broadcast
Services

Traditional
Broadcast
System

Plant
Bandwidth

STB
STB
STB

Every channel is
All Multicast All
The Time

Of the 200 TV
channels being
transmitted, only 5
are being viewed
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Switched Digital Video System

AFTER: 10 QAM channels used to deliver watched TV channels
SAVING: 10 QAM channels freed up for other services
Switched Digital Video

long tail
Broadcast
Services

Switched
Digital
Video
System

(QAM)

STB

STB

Plant
Bandwidth

30 New HD Channels
STB

Requested
channels are
Multicast On
Demand

STB

STB
STB

Freed up QAM
channels available
for HD or other
services
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Broadcast compared to SDV System

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Switched Digital Video

Leveraging the Long Tail

Niche Content
Speciality TV
Multi Angle Camera
Feeds
Narrowcast
Off Net TV Channels
Subscriber generated
content
Education

Most often watched TV Channels

Time of day dependent pattern
Long Tail or infrequently watched
Channels
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Switched Digital Video Requirements

-

Content delivered only when requested

Content not delivered when unwatched
Requires Flow Management System
Must be fast (sub-second for joins and leaves)
OOB channel must support real-time usage reporting
Edge device must be able to process usage requests in real-time
Requires robust Traffic, Policy, and Session Management System
All clients must comply, must have MW support in legacy.
Must handle multiple clients in a subscriber premise.
Solution must be able to scale

20% of the channels are

watched by 80% of the
customers
Significant portion of an 200
program lineup goes unwatched,
therefore, wastes BW!

SDV does not necessarily launch a new subscriber service, but rather a
new methodology for delivering broadcast channels
Today, every broadcast channel is always available, but with SDV, channels
that are less frequently viewed can be designated as switched
- Switched channels are not broadcast throughout the cable network, instead, they are
placed into a Serving Group only if one or more set-top box is tuned to that channel
- Whether a channel is always-on broadcast or switched should be transparent to
subscribers
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Switched Digital Video Primary Benefits

Cost-effective bandwidth management tool
- Reducing HFC bandwidth requirements compared to existing linear
broadcast content
- Allows bandwidth usage to be scaled as a function of viewer-ship rather than
as a function of TV programs offered
- Therefore it helps extend the life of existing network capacities by making
more efficient use of currently available bandwidth
- Gives the MSO an opportunity to increase niche programming

Enables capture of detailed viewer-ship data

- Enables optimization of system performance, program offering, line-ups,etc
- Provides exact data on viewer demographics to enable better directed
advertising to be deployed
- New directed advertising can be done at the node level to different
demographic groups
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What is a Universal Edge QAM?

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Basic Edge QAM

IP-based, Digital
Stream Data

Video Stream Handling,

Signal De-jitter, PCR
Correction
Downstream Phy

QAM Modulated RF
MPEG2 Transport
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Opportunities Exist for a New Edge Device

Subscribers:

Operators:
Bandwidth Crunch created by
new services must be resolved

Demanding Choice &

Control of services

Low-cost, all-digital, all-IP

architectures must be deployed
to reach operational & ROI goals

Desire communications,
data, and entertainment
service convergence

Open and higher security

Conditional Access systems must
be deployed

Technologies:
Moores Law - advanced signal
processing reaches low cost
platforms
Media storage costs decline
continues to exceed Moores Law

The
Perfect
Storm
Content:
Vertical integration of
content providers and
distributors improve profits
Multi-modal distribution
will drive higher revenues

Advanced video compression

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So what is a Next Generation (Universal)

Edge Device?

It is a device that allows MSOs a future direction

for cost-competitive, all-digital migration and
creates a common converged platform for an
assortment of new services mostly based on
video, data and voice.
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The Video EdgeQAM Today & Tomorrow

Legacy
Low Density Edge QAM - 8,16 QAM channels

Universal
High Density Edge QAM - 24, 48, 72 and more
QAM Channels

DHEI, ASI, Single GbE input

Multiple GbE inputs

Proprietary or no Encryption/Scrambling
support

Open Standards Compliance

Only VOD, Standard Def, CBR support

QAM Sharing for HD/SD/CBR/VBR

Primitive Layer 3 TCP/UDP/IP support

Sophisticated Layer 2/3 TCP/UDP/IP

support

Limited to / No Redundancy features

Modular / Hot-Swappable / Redundant

Limited management features

Remote Operations via GUI / Telnet /

SNMP

No M-CMTS Compliance & QAM sharing

Evolution to M-CMTS, Data Bypass,

Wideband Data

High cost per QAM channel

Reduced per QAM channel cost

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Next Generation Edge QAM must:

9 High density, multi-service Edge QAM

Up to 4 GbE + 2
100BT interfaces for
flexible interfacing
and management

9Increased # of QAM channels

9Decreased Rack space

9 Modular architecture allows flexible

configurations

Layer 3 features
for IGMP, SSM
SNMP, GbE
provisioning

Leading
RF
specs

9Cost effective for a variety of applications

9Software only field upgrades for future IP
multimedia processing requirements
DPI, SDV, Wideband Data, etc

9 Redundancy features for all single

points of failure modes
9 Extensible for M-CMTS Compliance &
QAM sharing

Supports MPEG2TS & Embedded

Proprietary
Conditional Access

Wire speed
packet processing
for SPTS and
MPTS stream
management

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Next Generation Edge Device

New Features
- Superior Jitter Tolerance
- Multiple, flexible modes of UDP port mapping for VOD
and SDV support (static and dynamic mapping)
- Multiple RF configurations per unit (QAM card level)
- Channel muting (e.g. 1, 2, 4 active channels per bond)
- Superior RF specifications (e.g. M-CMTS/DOCSIS 3.0
specs DRFI compliance)
- Stream Replication (e.g. directed or all channels)
- Full Spectral Range Support
- Simultaneous Multi-feature support (e.g. VOD, SDV,
passthru, M-CMTS data)
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Value-added Next Gen Edge QAM Features

Feature

Description

Benefit

Layer 3 intelligence

IGMPv3 Source Specific Multicast -ARP reply etc

Simplify IP Video transport network

design

Improved Density per

RU

More QAM channels per F-connector

Reduce cost and powering

Redundancy

Power, Modules, (QAM and GIGE),

Input ports, Source Video

Reduce likelihood of customer

visible network outages

Modularity

Rack oncementality and slide

innew capacity easily

Pay as you grow and reduce fork

lifting of equipment

DOCSIS Timing
Interface (DTI)

Required for DOCSIS M-CMTS TDMA

upstream / downstream
synchronization

Future proof network and allow for

sharing of DOCSIS services over UEQAM

Open Standards
interfaces

Product supports open standards

(SDV, SNMP, IP, DOCSIS M-CMTS,
DOCSIS/DRFI etc)

Guarantee choice, competition and

best of breed products
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What is the role of the U-EQAM in SDV?

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What is a Universal Edge QAM?

In simple terms, the U-EQAM acts as a services cross connect to
route requested services from the headend to the STBs by mapping
the streams into multicast IP groups assigned to service groups

STBs
Multiple
Components

Watched video
streams

SDV
Headend

X
Universal
Edge
QAM

SG1

STB
STB

SG229

STB

STBs

SG84

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How Does SDV Work?

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HFC Digital Video Headend

IRTs

Encoders

ASI Switch Matrix

Statistical Mux

Hub

On-demand
Streaming Servers

Session
Encryptor

Encoders

Metro Net

Hub

PreEncryptor

Analog &
Digital Passthru

DHEI/ASI
10/100BaseT
GbE

Element
Management
Systems

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Provisioning
and
Purchase
Server

Navigation
Server

Entitlement
Server

Resource
Manager

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HFC Digital Video Hub

HE
Analog &
Digital Broadcast
DWDM or Muxed
Baseband transport
Statistical
Mux/Transcoder/
Transrater

Local Encoder
& Transrater

Local IRTs

Metro Net

Analog & QAM

Modulators
(if needed)

U-EQAM

RF
Combine
to
HFC

On-demand
Streaming Servers

DSG messaging

CMTS
Element
Management
Systems

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SDV System Diagram

HE

Hub

STB

Resource
Manager
Demodulator

Modulator

SDV
Server

Sat Receivers

Edge QAMs
STB
Statistical Mux

STB
Bulk Encryptor

Element
Management
Systems

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Comcast NGOD Architecture VOD/SDV

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RPC-based, Open-SDV Architecture (SA)

U-EQAM

U-EQAM

CMTS

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U-EQAM Deployment Configurations

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U-EQAM Deployment Configurations

Lots of Design Scenarios to Consider:
Do you want to QAM Share SDV, VOD, and/or Linear Broadcast on a UEQAM?
Do you want to QAM Share SDV, VOD, and/or Linear Broadcast on an RF
output?
Do you want to stripe U-EQAMs within a Serving Group? If so, which
services?
What are your redundancy requirements for the GbE for each service?
What are your RF wiring requirements during migration to higher
capacities?
Will VOD or SDV be your initial service?
Will Dual or Quad bonding be your initial deployment?
What is the SDV/VOD northbound arch? (e.g. RPC/DNCS, R6/D6,
Seachange VOD)
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4 QAM SDV deployment No Striping

Quad-Mode SDV U-EQAM Chassis
w.x.y.z

aMHz

Serving
Groups

bMHz
1

cMHz

dMHz

aMHz
2

bMHz
cMHz

dMHz

aMHz, bMHz, cMHz and dMHz are Contiguous

4 Frequencies for SDV per Serving Group
Based on a model of 4 QAMs available per F-connector
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6 QAM SDV deployment No Striping

Hex-Mode SDV U-EQAM Chassis
w.x.y.z

aMHz

Serving
Groups

bMHz
cMHz
1

dMHz

eMHz
fMHz

aMHz
bMHz
2

cMHz
dMHz

eMHz
fMHz

aMHz, bMHz, cMHz, dMHz, eMHz and fMHz are Contiguous

6 Frequencies for SDV per Serving Group
Based on a model of 6 QAMs available per F-connector
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No Striping - Chassis Deployment

QAM 1,1
QAM 1,2

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG
SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG

QAM 2,1
QAM 2,2

Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG

QAM 3,1
Fa Fb Fc Fd
QAM 3,2

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG

QAM 4,1
QAM 4,2
QAM 5,1
QAM 5,2
QAM 6,1
QAM 6,2

Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG
SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG
SG

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Striping Configurations

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Common VOD deployment - Striping

Dual-Mode VOD U-QAM Chassis Striping
w.x.y.z

abcd

Serving
Groups
wMHz
xMHz
1

yMHz

zMHz

wMHz
2

xMHz

2
yMHz
zMHz

wMHz and xMHz are Contiguous

yMHz and zMHz are Contiguous
4 Frequencies for VOD per Serving Group

Based on a model of 2
QAMs available per Fconnector
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Example Dual Mode

VOD Deployment

w.x.y.z

a.b.c.d

Serving
Groups
1

1
2

yMHz
zMHMHz
wMHz
xMHz

4 Frequencies for VOD

per Serving Group

2
U-EQAM #1

yMHz and zMHz are

Contiguous

yMHz
zMHMHz
wMHz
xMHz

yMHz
zMHMHz
yMHz
zMHMHz
wMHz
xMHz

yMHz
zMHMHz

yMHz
zMHMHz
yMHz
zMHMHz
wMHz
xMHz

wMHz
xMHz
1

yMHz
zMHMHz

wMHz
xMHz

4
2

wMHz
xMHz
9

10

11

6
2

wMHz
xMHz

yMHz
zMHMHz

D5

wMHz
xMHz

U-EQAM #2

wMHz and xMHz are

Contiguous

yMHz
zMHMHz

1
2

wMHz
xMHz

Dual-Mode VOD U-EQAM Chassis Striping

wMHz
xMHz

12

yMHz
zMHMHz
yMHz
zMHMHz
wMHz
xMHz

6
2

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Quad Mode Chassis Striping

U-EQAM #1
QAM 1/1
QAM 1/2
QAM 2/1
QAM 2/2
QAM 3/1

U-EQAM #2
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG

QAM 4/2
QAM 5/1
QAM 5/2
QAM 6/1

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

QAM 6/2

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG

SG

Based on a model of 4 QAMs available per F-connector

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Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG

QAM 3/2
QAM 4/1

Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd

QAM 1/1
QAM 1/2
QAM 2/1
QAM 2/2
QAM 3/1
QAM 3/2
QAM 4/1
QAM 4/2
QAM 5/1
QAM 5/2
QAM 6/1
QAM 6/2

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Example VOD QAM Striping

VOD
QAM 1/1

SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd Fw Fx Fy Fz

QAM 1/2
QAM 2/1

SG

QAM 2/2
QAM 3/1

SG

QAM 3/2
QAM 4/1

SG

QAM 4/2
QAM 5/1

SG

QAM 5/2
QAM 6/1

SG

QAM 6/2

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8 QAM SDV deployment Chassis Striping

Quad-Mode SDV U-EQAM Chassis Striping
w.x.y.z

a.b.c.d

Serving
Groups

aMHz

eMHz

bMHz

fMHz

cMHz

gMHz

dMHz

hMHz

aMHz

eMHz

1
2

bMHz
cMHz

fMHz
2

dMHz

gMHz
hMHz

aMHz, bMHz, cMHz and dMHz are Contiguous

eMHz, fMHz, gMHz, and hMHz are Contiguous
8 Frequencies for SDV per Serving Group
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Striping Trade-Offs
Advantages:
Protects against a single point of failure completely taking out a given
service type to a service group.
Can choose the level of protection at either the QAM striping level or the
chassis striping level
Allows maintenance window to run in a degraded bandwidth mode
without causing a complete service outage

Disadvantages;
Not reasonable to stripe broadcast services (could allocate a range of
QAMs to broadcast on one chassis or split broadcast services across
chassis with half of the services on each chassis)
More complicated operational model, network wiring, and provisioning
model
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Sharing Configurations

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8 QAM SDV & 4 QAM VOD Sharing

Hex-Mode SDV/VOD U-EQAM Sharing with Chassis Striping
w.x.y.z

a.b.c.d

aMHz

VOD Frequencies

c,d,e,f,g,h, I, j

iMHz

cMHz
1

1
2

dMHz

gMHz
hMHz

bMHz

a,b,k,l

SDV Frequencies

Serving
Groups

jMHz

eMHz

kMHz

fMHz

lMHz

aMHz

gMHz

bMHz

hMHz

cMHz
dMHz

iMHz

1
2

jMHz

eMHz

kMHz

fMHz

lMHz

aMHz, bMHz, cMHz, dMHz, eMHz and fMHz are Contiguous

gMHz, hMHz, iMHz, jMHz, kMHz and lMHz are Contiguous
8 Frequencies for SDV, 4 for VOD per Serving Group
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4 QAM SDV & 8 QAM Broadcast Sharing

Hex-Mode SDV/Bcast U-EQAM Sharing with Chassis Stripping
w.x.y.z

a.b.c.d

SDV Frequencies
aMHz

a,b,k,l

Serving
Groups

bMHz

hMHz

cMHz
1

Broadcast Frequencies
c,d,e,f,g,h, I, j
(e.g. 42 SD, 10 HD)

1
2

dMHz

gMHz

iMHz
1

jMHz

eMHz

kMHz

fMHz

lMHz

aMHz

gMHz

bMHz

hMHz

cMHz
dMHz

iMHz

1
2

jMHz

eMHz

kMHz

fMHz

lMHz

aMHz, bMHz, cMHz, dMHz, eMHz and fMHz are Contiguous

gMHz, hMHz, iMHz, jMHz, kMHz and lMHz are Contiguous
4 Frequencies for SDV, 8 for Linear Bcast / Serving Group43
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QAM Sharing - 4 QAM SDV & 4 QAM VOD

VOD
SDV

QAM 1/1
QAM 1/2
QAM 2/1
QAM 2/2
QAM 3/1

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

QAM 4/1

Fa Fb Fc Fd

QAM 5/1
QAM 5/2
QAM 6/1
QAM 6/2

SG

Fw Fx Fy Fz

QAM 3/2

QAM 4/2

SG

SG

SG

Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG

Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd

SG

Fw Fx Fy Fz

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SDV/VOD QAM Sharing with Chassis Striping

U-EQAM #1
VOD
SDV

QAM 1/1
QAM 1/2
QAM 2/1
QAM 2/2
QAM 3/1

U-EQAM #2
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

SG
SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz
Fa Fb Fc Fd

QAM 4/2
QAM 5/1
QAM 5/2
QAM 6/1
QAM 6/2

SG
Fa Fb Fc Fd
Fw Fx Fy Fz

Fw Fx Fy Fz

Fw Fx Fy Fz

Fs Ft Fu Fv
Fe Ff Fg Fh

SG
SG

Based on a model of 4 QAMs available per F-connector

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Fs Ft Fu Fv
Fe Ff Fg Fh

SG
SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd

Fs Ft Fu Fv
Fe Ff Fg Fh

SG
SG

Fa Fb Fc Fd

Fs Ft Fu Fv
Fe Ff Fg Fh

SG

QAM 3/2

Fs Ft Fu Fv
Fe Ff Fg Fh

SG
SG

Fw Fx Fy Fz

QAM 4/1

Fe Ff Fg Fh

Fs Ft Fu Fv

SDV
QAM 1/1

VOD

QAM 1/2
QAM 2/1
QAM 2/2
QAM 3/1
QAM 3/2
QAM 4/1
QAM 4/2
QAM 5/1
QAM 5/2
QAM 6/1
QAM 6/2

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Sharing Trade-Offs
Advantages:
Allows for combining with striping topologies for added protection
Expands real time edge resource management from common, industrystandard, remote tools
Cost savings over single purpose edge QAM devices by filling chassis
with all available services
Simplifies operational and provisioning models due to reduced number of
network components
Disadvantages;
Depending on BW allocations, it may require mixing services on an Fconnector
If used without striping, a single QAM card failure can cause a service
group outage
Mixing services may complicate network troubleshooting
46
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Future U-EQAM Technical Evolution

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QAM Channel Capacity Growth

Adding 2 more Adjacent
6MHz frequencies to get
to HEX

Note: Legacy edge

QAM devices have 2
bonded channels

48
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U-EQAM Technical Evolution

Elmination of channel bonding within an F-connector

Higher densities of QAM channels per F-connector
Higher densities of F-connectors per QAM Card
These lead to higher densities of QAM channels per chassis
Scaling to higher bandwdith per subscriber
Increased frequency range support (up to 1 Ghz)
Increased ability for targeted ad insertion on a per service group basis
Improved user management tools
- Web-based application managers to manage multiple U-EQAMs
- Real time performance monitoring and metrics
- Multiple interfaces (GUI, CLI, SNMP, Telnet)

Support for end to end digital transport

Improved diagnostics
- Device
- Network troubleshooting
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Review
Video Services Today
What is SDV and Why do I care?
What is a Universal Edge QAM?
What is the role of the U-EQAM in SDV?
How does SDV Work?
U-EQAM Deployment Configurations
Future U-EQAM Technology Evolution

50
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Questions?

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Thank You

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