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MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
Abdellah BECHATA
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 1
solution
8x > 0, 1 + x 6 e x 6 1 + xe x .
8a 2 R, 8b 2 R+ ab 6 b ln b + e a 1
solution
Indication : On travaillera b x.
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 2
3x = m admet-elle selon
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solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 3
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EXERCICES
Rsoudre lquation
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
x+
p
3
EXERCICE 4
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 5
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 6
x +y
log10 x + log10 y
= 520
= 4
solution
8 x
< 2 + 2y + 2z
ex ey ez
:
ln(3x 3y )
= 15
= e6
= z ln 3
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 7
solution
ln(x 2 1) + ln 4 = ln(4x 1).
p
1
ln(x 1) + ln(x + 1) = 2 + ln
1+x .
2
solution
2x +4 + 3x = 2x +2 + 3x +2 .
2 ln x + ln(2x
ex
ex
7
8
1) = ln(2x + 8) + 2 ln(x
ABDELLAH BECHATA
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1).
solution
solution
solution
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 8
2x +1 + 8 > 4x .
ABDELLAH BECHATA
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
f : x 7! ln(x 2 + 1).
1
f : x 7! x ln e +
.
x
EXERCICE 9
solution
solution
solution
7
8
f : x 7! x x .
f : x 7!
ABDELLAH BECHATA
1
x 1+ x .
solution
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 10
1
.
x
Montrer quelle ralise une bijection de [1, +[ sur un
solution
intervalle expliciter.
On considre la fonction f : x 7! x
1
Reprsenter graphiquement Cf
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puis calculer f
1.
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
On considre la fonction f : x 7! e 2x
1
EXERCICE 11
2e x .
Reprsenter graphiquement Cf
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puis calculer f
1.
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 12
2x + 1
.
x +2
1
Montrer quelle ralise une bijection de
, + sur R puis
2
solution
calculer f 1 .
On considre la fonction f : x 7! ln
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 13
Comparer g (x ) x puis g (x ) x
solution
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EXERCICES
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
EXERCICE 14
On introduit la fonction f : x 7! x 3 + x.
1
p
x 3 + x = 3 2.
solution
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 1
p
On introduit la fonction auxiliaire f : x 7! ln(x )
x qui est
drivable sur [4, +[ comme somme de deux telles fonctions
et on a
p
1
2
x
1
0
p =
60
8x > 4, f (x ) =
x
2x
2 x
Ainsi la fonction f est dcroissante sur [4, +[ et
p
f (4) = ln 4
4 = ln(22 ) 2 = 2 ln(2)
= 2 (ln(2)
1) 6 2 (ln(e )
1) = 0
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 1
ex 6 1
e0 = 1
(e x + xe x ) =
xe x 6 0
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 1
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
8x 2 R+ ,
f 0 (x ) = 3x 2
3 = 3(x 2
1)
1
0
+
+
+
0
f (x )
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&
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
y
4
2
-2
-1
1
-2
-4
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
+
2
f (x )
2
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&
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
8x
R+ ,
1
= ln(x ) + 1 > 0
x
1
=
e
f 0 (x ) = ln(x ) + x.
, ln(x ) >
1,x >e
0
k
0
k
1/e
0
+
+
+
&
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1/e
%
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
0
1
-1
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
1
alors m nadmet par dantcdent par f
e
appartenant R+
1
si m 2
[ R+ alors m admet un seul antcdent par f
e
appartenant R+ i.e. lquation f (x ) = m admet une unique
solution relle.
1
si m 2
, 0 alors m admet deux antcdents distincts par
e
f appartenant R+ i.e. lquation f (x ) = m admet deux
solutions relles distinctes.
si m <
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
1
1
1
: On remarque que f R+ n
=
, +
e
e
e
1
nadmet aucun antcdent par f appartenant
donc
e
1
1
1
1
R+ n
et comme f
=
, on est assur que
e
e
e
e
admet un et un seul antcdent par f appartenant R+ .
1
admet une unique
Conclusion : Lquation f (x ) =
e
1
solution relle qui est
.
e
m = 0. On rsout directement lquation
f (x ) = 0 , x ln(x ) = 0 , ln(x ) = 0 , x = 1.
m=
x >0
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 2
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SOLUTIONS
A nir
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 3
retour lexercice
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 4
x+
p
3
3
x = 2 , X6
2
1/2
3
+ X6
, X +X = 2 , X +X
1/3
=2
2=0
8X 2 R,
ABDELLAH BECHATA
X3 + X2
2 = (X
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1)(aX 2 + bX + c )
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 4
) 8x 2 R,
X3 + X2
2 = (X
1) X 2 + 2X + 2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 4
p
p
Deuxime mthode : La fonction f : x 7! x + 3 x est
continue et strictement croissante sur R+ (comme somme de
deux telles fonctions ) donc elle ralise une bijection de R+
sur f (R+ ) = R+ . Puisque 2 2 R+ , on en dduit que 2 admet
un et un seul antcdent par
R+ autrement
p f appartenant
p
dit lquation f (x ) = 2 , x + 3 x = 2 admet une et une
seule solution relle. Puisque x = 1 est une solution vidente,
cest la seule.
retour lexercice
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 5
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 6
= 520
,
= 4
x +y
xy
= 520
= 10000
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 6
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 6
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
8
>
>
>
x = ln
>
>
>
>
>
<
>
>
>
>
>
x = ln
>
>
>
:
8
>
>
>
x = ln
>
>
>
>
>
<
7+
SOLUTION EXERCICE 6
17
ou
p !
>
>
>
17
7
>
>
x = ln
>
>
>
2
:
p !
p !
7 + 17
7 + 17
, y = 3 ln
, z =3
2
2
7
p
2
17
, y =3
ln
ou
7
p
2
17
, z =3
retour lexercice
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
Dans ce cas, on a
ln(x 2
1) + ln 4 = ln(4x
, 4(x
1) = 4x
1) , ln[4(x 2
1 , 4x
1)] = ln(4x
4x
1)
3=0
1
Les solutions de cette quation du second degr sont x =
2
3
ou x = . La premire valeur tant interdite (puisque lon a
2
ncessairement x > 1), lquation initiale ne possde quune
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
3
unique solution x = .
2
retour lexercice
2
Dans ce cas, on a
1
1
1
1
ln(x 1) + ln(x + 1) = 2 + ln(1 + x ) , ln(x 1) + ln(x +
2
2
2
2
, ln(x 1) + ln(x + 1) = 4 , ln[(x 1)(x + 1)] = 4
p
, x 2 1 = e4 , x 2 = 1 + e4 , x = 1 + e4
x >1 >0
retour lexercice
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
, 2x (24
22 ) = 3x (32
3e x ln 2 = 2e x ln 3 , e x (ln 3
ln 2 )
2x
22
2x = 32
3x
3x
1) , 3 2x = 2 3x ,
3
3
3
= , x ln = ln , x = 1
2
2
2
retour lexercice
4
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
Dans ce cas, on a
2 ln x + ln(2x
1) = ln(2x + 8) + 2 ln(x
, ln(x 2 (2x
, 2x 3
1) = (2x + 8)(x
x 2 = 2x 3
, 5x 2
1)2 )
, x 2 (2x
1)2
4x 2 + 2x + 8x 2
14x + 8 = 0 , x 2
1)
16x + 8
2,
4
5
, x = 2 car x > 1
retour lexercice
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
1
= x et que a doit
e
tre strictement positif (puisquil est la somme de deux rels
strictement positifs). On suppose dornavant que a > 0 et on
eectue le changement de variable X = e x ce qui nous donne
On remarque pour commencer que e
(E )
ex + e
= 2a , X +
, X 2 + 1 = 2aX , X 2
1
X2 + 1
= 2a ,
= 2a
X
X
2aX + 1 = 0
a2
1<0,
a2
4 = 4(a2
1).
(E 0 )
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
Si a2
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
(E ) ,
p
p
8
8
2a + 4(a2 1)
2a + 2 a2
>
>
>
>
>
>
< X =
< X =
2
2
ou
ou p
,
p
>
>
>
>
2
>
>
2a
4(a2 1)
:
: X = 2a 2 a
X =
2
p
p 2
8 x
8
2
2
1
1
< X = a+ a
< e = a+ a
oup
oup
,
: x
:
X =a
a2 1
e =a
a2 1
p
p
On remarque ensuite que a2 + 1 > a2 = a donc
a >0
p
a
a2 +p1 < 0 ce qui entraine que lquation
ex = a
a2 1 est impossible dans R. Etant donn que
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
p
a + a2 + 1 > 0 (car a > 0), lautre quation est possible
donc
p
(E ) , x = ln a + a2 1
1
On remarque pour commencer que e x = x puis on eectue
e
le changement de variable X = e x ce qui nous donne
(E )
ex
, X2
ABDELLAH BECHATA
1
X2 1
= 2a ,
= 2a
X
X
1 = 2aX , (E 0 ) : X 2 2aX 1 = 0
= 2a , X
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
a2 + 1
>
,
a2 = ja j >
a
,
a
p
a pa2 + 1 < 0
a + a2 + 1 > 0
p
a +p a2 + 1 > 0
a + a2 + 1 > 0
p
ce qui entraine que lquation e x = a
a2 + 1 est
impossible dans R tandis que lautre quation est possible ce
qui nous donne
(E ) , x = ln a +
a2 + 1
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SOLUTIONS
x = ln a +
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
a2 + 1 .
retour lexercice
7
1
On remarque pour commencer que e x = x puis on eectue
e
le changement de variable X = e x ce qui nous donne
1
X2 1
e
X =a,
X
=a,
=a
(E ) :
2 +1
x
1
e +e x
X
X+
x
X
2
2
X
1
X
X
1
,
. 2
=a, 2
=a
X
X +1
X +1
, X 2 1 = a (X 2 + 1) , X 2 (1 a ) = a + 1
ex
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
(E ) , X 2 =
a+1
a+1
, e 2x =
1 a
1 a
(E ) , 2x = ln
a+1
1 a
,x =
1
ln
2
a+1
1 a
ex e x
= a admet aucune
ex + e x
solution si jaj > 1 et si jaj < 1 alors elle admet une unique
Conclusion : Lquation
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
1
ln
2
SOLUTION EXERCICE 7
a+1
1 a
retour lexercice
8
= 3x , e x ln (2 ) = e x ln (3 ) , x ln(2) = x ln(3)
, x (ln(2) ln(3)) = 0 , x = 0
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ln(3) 6= 0.
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 8
1
x > 1/3
, x 2 , +
x> 1
3
Dans ce cas, on a
1
ln(3x
2
, ln(3x
, exp fln(3x
, 3x
1) < 2 ln(x + 1)
x +2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 8
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 8
2x
(2x )2 + 8 > 0 , x
X =2
X 2 + 2X + 8 > 0
2 6 2x 6 4
(A)
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x 1
est
3x + 4
drivable sur Df (comme quotient de deux telles fonctions
dont le dnominateur ne sannule pas) donc la fonction f est
drivable sur Df (comme somme de deux telles fonctions) et
sa drive est donne par
nous permettent pas de conclure. La fonction x 7!
8x
2 Df ,
=
=
1
f (x ) = +
2
0
1 3x + 4 3(x 1) 3x + 4
+
.
2
(3x + 4)2
x 1
1
7
3x + 4
+
.
>0
2 (3x + 4)2 |x {z 1}
| {z }
>0
ABDELLAH BECHATA
x 1
3x + 4
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1
x 1
3x + 4
>0 du Df
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x
f (x )
k
k
k
k
4/3
+
+
8x
6= 0,
) ln
lim
x!
1
x
2
ABDELLAH BECHATA
x +1
3x + 4
x +1
3x + 4
(
1
1
1 1+ x
x
=
= .
1
1
3
1+
3x 1 +
3x
3x
1
! ln
= ln(3)
x!
3
lim f (x ) = +
x
x !+
1+
lim f (x ) =
x!
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x!
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1
3
SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x 1
! 0+ donc
3x + 4
1
1
et puisque x ! , on en dduit que
2
2
Lorsque x ! 1+ alors
x +1
!
3x + 4
lim+ f (x ) = .
ln
x !1
4
x 1
! +
alors
3
3x + 4
x +1
Df !) donc ln
! + et puisque
3x + 4
dduit que
lim
f (x ) = +.
Lorsque x !
x +1
> 0 sur
3x + 4
2
1
x!
, on en
2
3
x !( 4/3 )
Asymptotes :
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
4
en
et 1 : Puisque
lim
f (x ) = + et que
3
x !( 4 /3 )
lim f (x ) = , la courbe Cf admet deux asymptotes
x !1
x +1
3x + 4
4
et x = 1.
3
ln(3), on
x
est assur que lim f (x )
= ln(3) donc la droite
x!
2
x
dquation y =
ln(3) est asymptote Cf en . En
2
outre, on a
f (x )
ABDELLAH BECHATA
x
x 1
+ ln(3) > 0 , ln
> ln(3) = ln
2
3x + 4
x 1
1
x 1
1
,
> ,
>0
3x + 4
3
3x + 4 3
7
4
,
> 0 , 3x + 4 6 0 , x 6
3(3x + 4)
3
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1
3
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
retour lexercice
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
2 Rnf3g,
8x
=
ABDELLAH BECHATA
f 0 (x ) =
(2x
1)(x 3) (x 2
(x 3)2
x)
x 2 6x + 3
(x 3)2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
2
Par consquent, f 0 (x ) est du signe
p de x p6x + 3. Les
racines de ce trinme sont 3
6 et 3 + 6 et le coe cient
dominant du trinme est 1 > 0 donc le trinme est ngatif
ngatif entre ces deux racines et positifs lextrieur. On a
donc le tableau de variation suivant
p
p
3+ 6
x
3
6
3
f 0 (x )
+
0p
k
0
5 2 6
+
f (x )
%
&
k
&
%
p
5+2 6
ABDELLAH BECHATA
64 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
8x
2 Rnf0, 3g,
f (x ) =
1
x2
= |{z}
x .
3
!+ 1
| {z x }
!6
f (x ) =
x!
!1
z }| {
x (x 1)
!
x| {z 3} x !3
!6
z }| {
x (x 1)
f (x ) =
! +
x| {z 3} x !3+
!0 +
!0
Asymptotes :
ABDELLAH BECHATA
1
x2
3
x
65 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
en 3 : Puisque lim f (x ) =
x !3
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
et que
lim f (x ) = +, la
x !3 +
f (x )
f (x )
x
1.x
x2
x (x
x2
=
x
ABDELLAH BECHATA
x
=
3)
x2
x2
1
1
1
x
3
x
=
1
1
x
3
x
x!
1,
x (x 3)
2x
=
x 3
x 3
2x
2
=
! 2
3 x!
3
1
1
x
x
x
66 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
(x + 2)
>
0,
x2
6
3
(x 3)(x + 2)
>0
x 3
>0,x
3>0,x >3
ABDELLAH BECHATA
67 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
Tangentes horizontales
: Puisque o
n
p
p
0
6, 3 + 6 , la courbe Cf admet des
f (x ) = 0 , x 2 3
p
tangentes horizontales
aux points de coordonnes x = 3 + 6
p
6 dont les quations respectives sont
et x = 3
y =f
3+
p
6 = 5 + 2 6,
y =f
6 =5
p
2 6 ' 0.1
ABDELLAH BECHATA
68 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
69 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
70 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
8x
2 Rnf0, 1g,
=
=
f 0 (x ) =
2
x3
1g
8
(x + 1)2
2(4x 3 x 2 2x 1)
x 3 (x + 1)2
(4x 3 x 2 2x 1)
2
. 2
x
x (x + 1)2
8x 2 R,
ABDELLAH BECHATA
4x 3
x2
2x
71 / 122
1 = (x
1)(ax 2 + bx + c )
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
) 8x 2 R,
4x 3
x2
2x
1 = (x
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
et constant et en
8
< a=4
c=1
:
b=3
1)(4x 2 + 3x + 1)
+
72 / 122
0
k
1
0
+
0
+
+
+
+
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
f (x )
0
1
k
+
k
0
k
+
k
1
0
&
&
lim f (x ) = 0,
x!
lim f (x ) =
x !1 +
x! 1
lim f (x ) = +.
x !0
Asymptotes :
ABDELLAH BECHATA
73 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
est asymptote Cf en
74 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
75 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
8x 2 R,
ABDELLAH BECHATA
f 0 (x ) = 2xe
x2
+ x2
76 / 122
( 2x )e
x2
= 2e
x2
x (1
x2)
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
0
0
0
+
+
+
x 2 ) dont
1
0
+
0
0
0
f (x )
ABDELLAH BECHATA
77 / 122
1
0
1/e
&
0
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x!
lim te
t =x 2 t !+
=0
78 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
79 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
80 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
0
0
f (x )
+
0
+
f (x )
. En factorisant par le terme dominant en + dans le
x
ABDELLAH BECHATA
81 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
8x > 0,
=
f (x )
=
x
ln x 2 1 +
1
x2
1
ln 1 +
2 ln(x )
x
+
x
x
ln(x 2 ) + ln 1 +
1
x2
! 0
x !+
8x 2 R+ ,
ABDELLAH BECHATA
f 0 (x ) =
2x
) f 0 (x ) = 0 , x = 0
1 + x2
82 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
83 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
84 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
ex + 1
>0,
>0
x
x
1/e
0
+
0
k
+
+
+
85 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
86 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
8x
2 Df ,
1
f 0 (x ) = ln e +
x
= ln e +
1
x
1
x
1
= ln e +
x
= ln e +
+ x.
x2
e+
1
x
1
1
2
x ex + 1
x
1 x
x ex + 1
1
ex + 1
x.
87 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
8x
e
+
1
(ex + 1)2
e+
x
e
(xe + 1) + ex
1
+
=
2
x (ex + 1) (ex + 1)
x (ex + 1)2
1
x (ex + 1)2
2 Df ,
=
=
f 00 (x ) =
x2
sur
ABDELLAH BECHATA
1
e
x !0
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x!
positive sur Df ).
x
f 00 (x )
f 0 (x )
1
f 0 (x )
1/e
k
k
k
k
k
k
0
k
&
+
f (x )
+
k
k
89 / 122
1
x
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
= + et e !+ e !) puis on utilise les
x !0 x
x !0
croissances compares pour le premier terme x ln x.
(puisque lim+
1
x
= ln(e ) = 1 ) lim f (x ) = ,
x!
9
1
>
lim
ln e +
= >
=
x
x !( 1/e )
)
lim
f (x ) = +
1
>
x !( 1/e )
>
lim
x=
<0
;
e
x !( 1/e )
1
1
+ ln (1 + ex )
f (x ) = x ln
[1 + ex ] = x ln
x >0
x
x
= [ ln(x ) + ln(1 + ex )] = x ln(x ) + x ln(1 + ex ) !+ 0
| {z } |
{z
} x !0
lim ln e +
x!
!0
!0
Asymptotes :
ABDELLAH BECHATA
90 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
1
: Puisque f tend vers + en
, la courbe Cf admet
e
e
1
une asymptote verticale dont lquation est x =
.
e
en 0 : Puisque f tend vers une limite nie en 0, il na pas lieu
de considre dasymptote au point dabscisse x = 0.
f (x )
en : Puisque lim f (x ) = , on tudie
x!
x
en
f (x )
1
= ln e +
x
x
x!
ln(e ) = 1
ABDELLAH BECHATA
91 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
1.x
1
x
x!
= x ln e +
1
x
0.
1 = x ln e 1 +
= x ln(e ) + ln 1 +
Puisque
1
ex
x!
, lim ex ln 1 +
ABDELLAH BECHATA
1
ex
1
ex
1 = x ln 1 +
1
1
ex
0, on se rappelle que
ln(1 + u )
lim
= 1 ) lim
x!
u
u !0
x!
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
ex
ln 1 +
1
ex
1
ex
= 1 , lim x ln 1 +
92 / 122
x!
=1
1
ex
1
e
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
Par consquent la droite dquation y = x + est asymptote
e
Cf en . Pour sa position relative, on remarque que
1
1
> 0 ) ln 1 +
> ln(1) = 0
ex
ex
1
1
) x ln 1 +
> 0 , f (x )
x+
>0
ex
e
x >0
1
1
1
8x <
< 0,
< 0 ) ln 1 +
< ln(1) = 0
e
ex
ex
1
1
) x ln 1 +
> 0 , f (x )
x+
>0
ex
e
x >0
8x > 0,
93 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
94 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
95 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
ln(x ) est
x
drivable sur R+ comme le produit de deux telles fonctions et
sa drive vaut
1 ln(x )
1
1 1
8x 2 R+ , g 0 (x ) =
ln(x ) + . =
>0
2
x
x x
x2
, ln(x ) < 1 , x < e
fonction x 7! e x est croissante). La fonction x 7!
0
k
g (x )
e
0
1/e
k
&
e 1/e
f (x )
ABDELLAH BECHATA
k
0
%
96 / 122
&
0
+
1
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
= + et
x !0 x
, on a lim+ g (x ) = . On applique les
x !0 +
x !0
ABDELLAH BECHATA
97 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
98 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
99 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
100 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
8x 2 R+ ,
g 0 (x ) =
1
x2
ln(x ) + 1 +
1
x
1
x + 1 ln(x )
=
x
x2
ABDELLAH BECHATA
101 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
0
k
1
0
&
+
+
%
x !+
ABDELLAH BECHATA
x !+
102 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1
ln(x ) (1 + x ) ! +
{z } x !0
x
|{z} |!{z} | !
1
!+
) f (x ) ! + 0
x !0
Asymptotes :
ABDELLAH BECHATA
103 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
1.x
x 1 +1 /x
= x 1 /x = exp
x
= f (x )
x = x 1 +1 /x
= x x 1 /x
On remarque ensuite que
lim
u !0
ABDELLAH BECHATA
eu
1
u
1 =x
1
ln(x )
x
f (x )
. En
x
x !+
e0 = 1
x
exp
1
ln(x )
x
1
ln(x ) ! 0 et comme
x !+
x
104 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x !+
1
ln(x )
x
1
ln(x )
x
x
) f (x ) =
exp
x exp
= 1 , lim
x !+
1
ln(x )
x
ln(x )
{z
!1
1
ln(x )
x
ln(x )
=1
1
}
ln(x )
| {z }
!+
x !+
ABDELLAH BECHATA
105 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
ABDELLAH BECHATA
106 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 9
x
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
107 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 10
ABDELLAH BECHATA
108 / 122
, en trait
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 10
y
4
2
0
1
f (a ) = b , a
, a2
ABDELLAH BECHATA
109 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 10
ABDELLAH BECHATA
110 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 10
111 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
8x 2 R+ ,
f 0 (x ) = 2e 2x
2e x = 2e x (e x
1) > 0
SOLUTION EXERCICE 11
!1
ABDELLAH BECHATA
112 / 122
, en trait
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 11
y4
2
-1
ABDELLAH BECHATA
= b , e 2a
, X 2 2X
2e a = b , (e a )2
b=0
113 / 122
2e a
b=0
(X = e )
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 11
114 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 11
ABDELLAH BECHATA
115 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
encore f
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
8
< [0, +[ !
:
7! ln
116 / 122
2+
SOLUTION EXERCICE 11
R
p
4+x
2
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 12
A nir
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
117 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 13
x !0 +
x !+
118 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 13
ABDELLAH BECHATA
119 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 13
ABDELLAH BECHATA
120 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 13
= f (f
(x )) = x,
f (x ) = x + ln(x ) > x,
| {z }
>0
f (x
ln(x ))
=
=
6
)
)
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
121 / 122
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SOLUTIONS
MPSI-PCSI-PTSI : BIJECTIONS
SOLUTION EXERCICE 14
p
x 3 + x = 3 2.
retour lexercice
ABDELLAH BECHATA
122 / 122
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