Cell injury (Degeneration, Necrosis & Gangrene)

:Define
Degeneration

Cloudy swelling
(Albuminus degeneration)
Fatty change
(Fatty degeneration)

Hydropic swelling
(Hydropic degeneration)
Amyloidosis
(Amyloid degeneration)

Necrosis

liquifactive necrosis

Apoptosis
Gangrene
Dry gangrene

Moist gangrene

It is morphologic changes in the cell which affect only

the cytoplasm and not the nucleus. It is reversible
.when the cause is removed
It is the commonest type of degeneration & is
characterized by disturbance in protein metabolism
.of the cell
A type of degeneration characterized by disturbance in
fat metabolism of the cell, in which the fat normally
brought to the cell is inadequately utilized, remain free
.in cytoplasm & accumulates as large droplets of fat
A type of degeneration characterized by big amount of
intracellular water which renders the cells swollen,
.pale, clear & vacuolated
It is extracellular deposition of amyloid (waxy)
substance (mucco-polysaccharides & globulins) in the
connective tissue stroma & walls of blood vessels
.resulting from prolonged antigen-antibody reaction
It is the local death of the cells or tissues during life, the
nucleus as well as the cytoplasm are affected & it is
.irreversible
A type of necrosis in which the necrotic tissue is
completely & rapidly liquefied; as occurs in infarction
.of CNS, pyogenic abscess & amoebic liver abscess
It is energy dependent physiological programmed cell
death involved in removing unwanted individual cells.
.It is necrosis of tissue with super-added putrifaction
It is necrosis of tissue with super-added putrifaction.
The putrifaction is minimal & the affected part lacks
.fluids and appears dry, shrunken & mummified
It is necrosis of tissue with super-added putrifaction.
The putrifaction is maximum and the affected part has
.excess fluids and appears swollen & edematous

Gas gangrene

It is necrosis of tissue with super-added putrifaction,

caused by infection of neglected wounds with the
.spores of clostridium bacteria

Degeneration
:Define

Degeneration
page 39
Cloudy swelling (Aluminous degeneration) page 39
Fatty change (Fatty degeneration) page 40
Hydropic swelling (Hydropic degeneration) page 39
Amyloidosis (Amyloid degeneration)
page 41

LONG QUESTIONS
Fatty change: definition, causes, sites and gross picture page 40 - 41
Amyloidosis; definition, types, sites, causes and gross picture page 41 - 42

SHORT QUESTIONS

Mention the forms of reversible cell injury (types of degeneration) page 39

Cloudy swelling: causes, sites, naked eye appearance & effects page 39 - 40
Mention four causes of fatty change
page 41
Mention the causes & gross picture of fatty change of the liver page 41
Mention the causes & gross picture of the fatty change of the heart page 41
Mention classifications (Types) of amyloidosis
page 42
Mention sites of primary amyloidosis
page 42
Mention sites & causes of secondary amyloidosis
page 42
Mention the gross appearance of amyloidosis. page 42

Necrosis
2

:Define
Necrosis
page 42
Apoptosis (It is an energy dependent physiological programmed cell death
involved in removing unwanted individual cells)
SHORT QUESTIONS
Mention types of necrosis with examples page 43
Define liquifactive necrosis, & mention its sites.
Discuss necrosis; definition, causes, naked eye appearance and types
page 42 - 44

GANGRENE
:Define

Gangrene
page 45
Moist gangrene
page 47
Dry gangrene
page 45 46
Gas gangrene
page 48

SHORT QUESTIONS
Define gangrene and mention its types
page 45 - 46
Mention causes & stages (pathogenesis) of dry gangrene of the leg
page 45 - 46

Mention sites of wet gangrene page 47 - 48

Mention causes and pathological features of wet gangrene of the lower limb
page 47 - 48

Mention causes and pathological features of gas gangrene page 48

Give 5 differences between dry and wet gangrene page 49