Infectious Disease

Control
Presented by: Asma Dundee

What are Infectious Diseases

These are diseases that are caused by the

entrance, growth and multiplication of
pathogenic microorganisms
Examples of these pathogenic organisms are
bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi;

Communicable Diseases
These are diseases that are transmissible from
one source to the next:

by direct contact with an affected individual or

the individual's discharges
Indirectly, through contact with animal, vector,
or inanimate environment

How are Infectious Diseases Spread

There are a number of routes for spread of infections:

Respiratory route (eg Flu, mumps ,measles, meningitis)

Intestinal (faecal/oral) route (eg Food poisoning ,gastroenteritis)
Direct contact (infection of the skin eg Scabies, Ringworm,
Head lice)
Blood borne virus infection(uncommon in school) eg
Hepatitis B and C
Pest (leptospirosis)

Infectious Disease Control-

The Universal/Standard Precaution

Approach

Universal/Standard Precautions

This is an approach to infection control that treats all

human blood and human body fluids as if they were

known to be infectious

These are a set of basic infection prevention practices

intended to prevent transmission of infectious
diseases from one person to another.

Universal/Standard Precautions

Because we do not always know if a person has an

infectious disease, standard precautions should be applied
to every person every time to ensure that the possibility for
disease transmission is non existent.
Under Standard precautions prevention is important.

Universal/Standard Precautions
This protocol adopts the following approaches to
prevent/reduce the spread of diseases:

wearing personal protective gears;

Practice good personal hygiene

Practice good environmental sanitation

Personal Protective Gears

Personal Protective Gears

These refers to the various types of clothing or

equipment that a person wears to protect
his/her body from
injury and infection

These includes face

mask, face shields,
Gloves, gown, eye
protection, and gowns

Gloves

Worn if contact with blood, body fluids, mucous

membranes, non-intact skin, or contaminated
items in the patient/residents environment may
occur.
Gloves are single use items, and one pair
should not be used for multiple patients, or
alternate between dirty and clean task

Gown

Worn if contact with blood or body fluids may

occur.
Disposal gowns are to be disposed of once
contaminants comes in contact with them
Non-disposable gloves are to be discarded for
further cleaning and sanitization once
contaminants come in contact with them

Personal Hygiene

Personal Hygiene

Good personal hygiene is one of the most

effective ways to protect ourselves and others,
from illness.
Good personal hygiene includes taking care of
the body and clothing on a regular basis to
prevent body odour and to minimize disease
the spread of diseases

Good Habits

Regular baths

Brushing of teeth

Washing of hair

Wearing of clean
clothing
Wearing appropriate deodorants

Wearing short and clean nails

Regular hand washing

Cover cuts and abrasions immediately with

waterproof bandage

Hand Washing

Cleaning hands with liquid germicidal soap or

soap and water followed by an alcohol-based
hand rub/sanitizers to prevent transmission of
germs to others
Never apply hand sanitizers, without effectively
washing hands with soap and water

When to wash hands

As it relates to patient care:

Before and after handling patient, including feeding,

administration of medications, cleaning wounds, bathing,
grooming, changing clothing, brushing teeth, applying injections

Before putting on and after changing gloves

Moving from one patient to the next

After coming in contact with body fluids or contaminated articles

When to wash hands

As it relates to handling of food:

Before working

Before handling clean utensils

Before preparing and serving food

After cleaning up or using cleaning chemicals

After waste disposal

While changing tasks-moving from raw meat to vegetables

When to wash hands

As it relates to personal hygiene

After using the bathroom

Upon arrival to work area

After coming in contact with animal or dirty articles

Before and after eating

Anytime hands gets dirty

After smoking, coughing and sneezing

After removal of personal protective gears

Seek medical attention, and do not work...

If you have fever and/or flu like symptoms

If you have an infected cut, burn or sore

If you have diarrhoea and/or vomiting

If you have belly aches/ pains or other

symptoms of food borne illness

Environmental Sanitation

Sanitation

This refers to is the hygienic means of promoting health

through prevention of human contact with the hazards of
wastes as well as the treatment and proper disposal of sewage
or waste water.
In every establishment, there should be clear and written
guidelines as to the steps to be taken in dealing all levels of
these types of hazards
Staff must be trained, and they must ensure that these
procedures are followed where applicable

Cleaning and Sanitizing/Disinfecting

Cleaning and disinfecting/sanitizing of the

environment, including equipment, should be
done frequently and thoroughly
Cleaning refers to the removal of soil (dirt
and/or grease) from surfaces
Disinfecting/Sanitization is the process of
reducing the germ load on a surface

Cleaning

Used chemicals for the intended purpose

Used chemicals at the correct concentration

Never mix chemicals, unless clear instructions

are given by the manufacturer
Wear personal protective gears at all times to
prevent chemical burns

Disinfecting/Sanitizing

Disinfecting/Sanitization are effective processes

in reducing the spread of infectious diseases if
they are done correctly
Sanitizers/disinfectants should only be applied
to surfaces that are thoroughly cleaned and
rinsed

Steps should be taken to prevent cleaning area

used in one area (for example bathroom), I not
utilized in another area (for example kitchen)
Follow all documented procedures and
guidelines as it relates to cleaning and
sanitization to prevent disease transmission