Koya University

Faculty of Engineering
Architectural Eng. Department

Engineering Surveying

Introduction to eng. surveying

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Outline

Introduce Course book

Definition of engineering surveying
Types of surveys
Classification of engineering surveying
How to prepare lab report

Definition of Surveying
Surveying is the art of measuring distances, angles
and position on or near the surface of the earth.
Importance of eng. Surveying
1- It is a base for design and manage all engineering
projects
2- land dividing and marking boundaries.
3- Map of the earth from above or below MSL.
4- Develop data banks of land-use and natural
resources

Types of Surveys
1. Plane Surveying:
In the plane survey the earths surface
considered to be a plane for all x-y
dimensions. And, all z dimensions (height) are
referenced to the surface of mean sea level.
Most engineering surveying are plane
surveying.

2. Geodetic Surveying:
In geodetic survey the earths surface
considered to be spherical (actually an
ellipsoid) for x and y dimensions, which means
the curvature of the earth is taken into
account. This type of survey is used for large
area such as national boundaries and control
networks.
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Classification of Engineering Surveying

A. Classification based upon the nature of the
field survey
1) Land Surveying:
I. Topographic Survey: Topographic maps
show the natural features such as rivers,
streams, woods and man-made features
such as roads, canals, towns, villages. It
shows land elevations as contour lines.
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II. Property Survey (land survey or cadastral

survey): It is involved in determining
boundary locations or in laying out new
property boundaries, calculation of land
area, or the transfer of land property from
one owner to another.
III. City Surveying: They made in connection
with the construction of streets, water
supply systems, sewers and other works.
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2) Marine or Hydrographic Survey:

Marine or hydrographic survey deals with bodies
of water for purpose of navigation, water supply,
harbor works or for the determination of mean
sea level. The work consists in measurement of
discharge of streams, making topographic
survey of shores and banks, taking and locating
soundings to determine the depth of water and
observing the fluctuations of the ocean tide.
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3) Astronomical Survey:
The astronomical survey offers the surveyor
means of determining the absolute location
of any point or the absolute location and
direction of any line on the surface of the
earth. This consists in observations of bodies
such as the sun or any fixed star.

B. Classification based on the object of survey

1. Engineering Surveying:
Used by the engineers during the design,
construction, and maintenances stage. Such
as, buildings, roads , reservoirs , and water
supply systems.
2. Mine Survey:
Underground surveying in mines, tunnels and
for exploring minerals in earth such as gold ,
coal, etc.
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3. Geological Survey:
Prepare geological maps which shows the
different strata of earth surface, kinds of
minerals and faults.
4. Military Survey:
This is used for determining points of
strategic importance within military projects.
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C.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Classification based on the instrument used

Chain survey
Traverse survey
Photographic survey
Theodolite survey
Plane table survey
Aerial survey

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How to prepare lab

report

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Field notes
One of the most important aspects of
surveying is the taking notes from the field.
The notes will be used to plot scale drawings
of the area surveyed and also to provide a
permanent record of the survey proceedings.

Sketches are used to illustrate the survey and

thus resolve any possible ambiguities.
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Procedure for making weekly surveying

reports
The report must be in file according to the following
format

1st page is
cover sheet

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2nd page
introduction

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3rd page
materials &
equipments

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4th page
procedure

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5th page
calculations

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6th page
discussion

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