INTRODUCTION

Ipomoea aquatica is a semiaquatic, tropical plant grown as a vegetable for its tender shoots and leaves. It is
found throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world, although it is not known where it originated.
This plant is known in English as water spinach, river spinach, water morning glory, water convolvulus, or by
the more ambiguous names Chinese spinach, Chinese Watercress, Chinese convolvulus, swamp cabbage
or kangkong in Southeast Asia. Occasionally, it has also been mistakenly called "kale" in English, although
kale is a strain of mustard belonging to the species Brassica oleracea and is completely unrelated to water
spinach, which is a species of morning glory. It is known as phak bung in Thai and Laotian, ong choy in
Cantonese, kongxincai in Mandarin Chinese, rau mung in Vietnamese, kangkong in Tagalog, gazun in
Myanmar, trokuon in Khmer, kolmou xak in Assamese, kalmi saag in Hindi, kalmi shak in Bengali, Thooti
Koora in Telugu, water spinach in Indonesian, Malay and Sinhalese and hayoyo in Ghana. In Suriname
(South-America) it's known as dagoeblad or dagublad.
Water spinach prefers sunny location and hot weather. Sow seeds in late spring when the weather is warm
and continue sowing all summer. The seeds will not germinate if the soil temperature is low. Sow seeds
foot apart in rows. You may soak seeds 24 hrs. prior to sowing, to increase the germination rate. Plant
seeds at depth of inch. Seeds germinate in 7-14 days. In order to extend the growing season, particularly in
northern U.S., start seeds indoors then transplant into the garden when the weather is warm. When plants
are inches tall, thin or transplant to stand inches apart in the row. The plant can also be grown by stem
cutting anytime during the warm weather. Cut the young active growing shoots just below the node and
remove the two leaves from the base of the cutting. Cover at least one node with soil or sand in flat or small
container. Keep the flat in the shade. After one week roots will develop, then transplant into the garden.
The young shoot can also be rooted in water and transplanted. Do not grow water spinach in the shade
because it needs plenty of sunshine. The plants will bloom during short days (i.e. late summer or fall).

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

12 DESEMBER 2015

OBJECTIVE
1. To investigate the plant requirement for growth in indoor condition
2. To investigate the relationship between light, water and temperature in plant growth
3. To investigate the effect of fertilizer in water spinach growth
MATERIAL
Cup, peat moss, water spinach seed, water, measuring scales machine , compost
METHOD
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

The Water spinachs seed was prepared in the laboratory.

Water spinach seed was weight 100 gram before selected 22 seed to be planted
Each cup filled with half of peat moss and compressed
Each group was given 12 Cups contained peat moss to germinate the Water spinachs seeds
Each cups was planted with 2 3 seeds of water spinach
Each cup supplied with of water
The cups was placed inside the laboratory near over the window and being observed every day.
On day 7th 9 cup of germinate water spinach plant were selected to put different amount of compost
and labelled R1, R2 and R3
9. 3 cup of R1 as a control, 3 cup of R2 with 30 tan compost (1.1g) and R3 with 60 tan compost (2.2g)
and each is supplied with 12ml water
10. Then the treatment was observed and supplied with water for 3 weeks
11. Then the data measurement of weight of root and weight of upper part (leaves and hypocotyl) were
taken according to their treatment

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

12 DESEMBER 2015

RESULT
Weight of root.
Treatment/replicate
Control
Treatment 1(30 tan
compost)
Treatment 2 (60
tan compost)

R1
0.05
0.09

R2
0.07
0.10

R3
0.08
0.07

Average
0.07
0.09

0.14

0.14

0.05

0.11

Weight of upper part (leaves and hypocotyl)

Treatment/replicate
Control
Treatment 1 (30 tan
compost)
Treatment 2 (60 tan
compost)

R1
0.20
0.42

R2
0.41
0.34

R3
0.52
0.46

Average
0.44
0.41

0.21

0.37

0.51

0.36

Total result
Average root

Average upper
TFW/ha
Weight(kg)
part
0.07
0.44
301,775.16
301.78
0.09
0.41
295,858.00
295.86
0.11
0.36
278,106.52
278.11
*price of Kangkung as 26 November, at Sibu, Sarawak RM450.00/100kg @ RM4.50/kg

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

Price/kg
RM1358.00
RM1331.40
RM1251.50

12 DESEMBER 2015

CALCULATION
Volume of cup
= 2
= 3.142(3.05)27.9
= 230.76cm3
=230.76 gram
Therefore, 1cm3 water = 1gram water. So, water that applied to the crop is 11ml every day.
Plant density = 591,716 plant/ha

Calculation for treatment.

Question
0, 30, 60 tan of compost per ha.
30 ton
=

0.1130,000 compost 1
3106

= 0.0011kg, 1.1g

60 ton
=

0.1160,000 compost 1
3106

= 0.0022kg, 2.2g

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

12 DESEMBER 2015

DISCUSSION
In this experiment, there are three treatment that we used which were treatment 1 being applied with 30 tan
compost ha-1 and treatment 2 with 60 tan compost ha-1. For the other one treatment was as control.
How compost can affect the plant growth of kangkung?
The nutrient value of composts varies widely, depending upon the nature of feedstock composted. If initial
material contains grass clippings, weeds, or manure, it will be richer in nitrogen and other nutrients than if it
contains mainly straw, litter, dirt or corn stalks. Composts also contain a great variety of micronutrients. Since
organic materials for composting contain products of agriculture or horticulture, it is logical to expect these
nutrients to be present in the compost.
Compost improves the structure and texture of the soil enabling it to better retain nutrients, moisture, and air
for the betterment of plants. From the observation, applying compost to the soil can increase the plant nutrient
availability and it can stimulate the development of root and plant growth.

How light can affect the plant growth?

All things need energy to growth. Plants get energy from light through a process called photosynthesis. From
our observation with our kangkung, it were bending in the direction of the light source. From that, we know
that the growth of the plant toward to the light because of an unequal growth.
This is called phototropism (photo= light). Plants usually display a positive phototropic response to light,
which means they grow toward a light source. Plant hormones called auxins play a part in phototropism.
Auxin is a plant growth hormone. When light is shined on one side of a plant the auxins move to the dark
side of the plant. The hormones stimulate the cells on the dark side of the plant to elongate, while the cells
on the light side of the plant remain the same. This elongation on one side and staying the same on the other
causes the plant to bend in the direction of the light. This bending allows more light to reach more cells on
the plant that are responsible for conducting photosynthesis.

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

12 DESEMBER 2015

APPENDIX

Kangkung seed

Day 5 growth of kangkung

Day 7 growth of kangkung

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

12 DESEMBER 2015

Make the pocket to put the compost

The crop already fill with the

compost.

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

12 DESEMBER 2015

CONCLUSION
The plant was small because not enough nutrient and water. Plant need the water and light for growth. That
why the plant growth and the shoot directed to light. Some plant was died because of thinning work. It is
because the root of plant was break or injured. Based on the treatment that been conduct we can conclude
that different quantity of fertilizer affect the growth of water spinach.so plant need adequate amount of
fertilizers to maximized growth at the same time required enough light to undergo photosynthesis.

MOHAMMAD ZUL FIQAR BIN SAID S23597

HASANAH BINTI MOHAMMEDUN S23586
ANGELA CINDY ANAK KASIM S23588
SITI KHADIJAH BINTI IBRAHIM
NURUL IFAH NAFISAH CHEK IDRUS S23617

CAG3003

12 DESEMBER 2015