Introduction

Malaysia has a hot and humid tropical climate marked by seasonal variations in
rainfall. The average annual rainfall is about 2,420 mm/year in Peninsular Malaysia, 2,630
mm/year in Sabah and 3850 mm/year in Sarawak. The uneven rainfall distribution
particularly in the interior is amongst the major contributory factors affecting high oil palm
yields. Soil physical properties such as those with different magnitude of water holding
capacity are also known to affect oil palm yields. Therefore, moisture enhancing measures
such as drainage and furrow irrigation is an alternative means to overcome water deficit and
improve oil palm yield performance.
Different Between Drainage System and Furrow System

Drainage System
Furrow System
1. Function

The system of drains regularly channeling water into one or more main drains has
been found to be superior to other system such as herring bone drainage pattern.
Narrow ravines can be drained easily with a central main drain but occasionally
scupper drains lead to water from localized low spots are required.

Furrows or flatbeds were constructed at alternate rows while fronds were stacked
beside it. Therefore, it maximized the space between the palms without any
disturbance to mechanization activities such as in-field collection, weeding and
fertilizer application.

2. Types

Type

Top
Bottom
Width
Width
(cm)
(cm)
Main
300
100
Secondar
200
60
y
Field
100
30

Depth
(cm)
200
100
75
Type

Top
Width
(m)
1.5
0.2

Main
Short

Depth
(m)
0.5
0.2

Drainage System
Furrow System
3. Factor that influence

The volume of water to be removed

Soil type

Depth of water-table

Rainfall

Rainfall distribution

Soil physical properties

4. Techniques and lay out

Flatbed
metal
hydrant

length

connecting
drain

connecting
length drain

Flatbed: 1.5m X 0.5m depth

Connecting drain : 0.2m width X 0.2m depth X 1.5m length
*length of flatbed and connecting drain depend on slope.

length

Conclution.
Drainage and furrow system is proven as one of the technology to increase palm
productivity. It will, however to be fulfilled with certain criteria such as weather, topography,
palm age and finantial status. Each of irrigation methods may have advantages and

disadvantages and it is highly related to cost that will determine the breakeven point. Last but
not least, future irrigation system study need to be carried out to seek more productive
methods which are focus on high water effeciency, easy to operate and suitable for hilly area.

Title : DIFFERENT BETWEEN DRAINAGE AND FURROW SYSTEM

NAME

: SHAHRIZAL BIN BASIRAN

I.D NUMBER

: 00014388

COURSE

: DAGM

SUBJECT
PALM

: EB 2045 CROP 1 OIL

LECTURER
: MADAM HAZZILA BT
ABDUL SAMAT