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ACID BASE TITRATION
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EXPERIMENT
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RIAN MUNANJAR | RIEZKA RIVANI ISWAR | SYUKRIADI
HIDAYAT | WIDI ERSA PUTRA | ZAKIATUL WILDANI
SMAN PLUS PROP. RIAU
T.P 2010 / 2011
XI . IA . 1

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT

( The experiment held on Tuesday , Apr.12th.2011 in Chemistry Laboratory at 9;00
am 10;30 am)

A. Tittle
Acid Base Titration
B. Aim
-

To know molarity of acetid acid in NaOH solution (by using

Secondary solution)
To know Persentation (%) of acetid acid

C. Theory
1. Theory of Arrhenius Acid Base

Acid based on Arrhenius

The definition of acid as substances that can give Hydrogen ion
(H+) or Hydronium ion (H3O+) if them dissolved into water. According to the
formula, each acid contain Hydrogen substance. The special characteristic of acid
is in substances solvent happen ion process become hydrogen that have positive
load. And the other ion that have negative load call residue of acid. Positive ion
that exactly bring the colour change of blue lacmus become red, so acid is
compound that produce H+ ion.
H+ (aq)+Ax-(aq)

HXA(aq)

X : Valence of acid
A : Kind of acid base compound
Base based on Arrhenius
The definition of base as substances that produce OH- ion. In
water,

base

compound

will

produce

negative

ion

so

characteristic of base is caused by OH- ion. This ion that have

function as bringer base characteristic so lacmus paper become

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT

color change from red become blue. Base that produce many of
OH- ion called stong base. While base that produce a little of OHion called weak base.
2. Theory of Bronsted Lowry Acid Base
According to Johannes Bronsted and Thomas Lowry said that
acid will give proton ( H+ ) to base , beside that base will receive proton ( H+ )
from acid. Example :
HCl +
NH3
NH4+ + Clacid
base
According to the Bronsted Lowry theory, if acid give proton ( H + ), so residue of
acid have capability to receive proton or do as base. Residue of acid called base
conjugated from the begining of acid. If base receive proton ( H + ), so base residue
that form have capability to release proton or do as acid. Acid that form called
acid conjugated from base at the begining . The pair of acid with base conjugated
and base with acid conjugated each them called pair of acid base conjugated.
Example :
HA
acid

+ H2O
base

Abase conjugated

H3O+
acid conjugated

3. Theory of Lewis Acid Base

On 1923 , G. N. Lewis , Chemistry Expert from United Stated of America,
introduce acid base theory that dont engage proton transfer , but engage to
transfer and receive pair of free electrone.
Example :

Lewis propose new theory about acid base so ion particle or

molecule that dont have hydrogen atom or proton can classified
to acid and base. According to example of acid base reaction,
Lewis declare that acid is molecule or ion that can receive
electrones pair , beside that, base is molecule or ion that can
give electrones pair.

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT

4. Neutralization Reaction
If acid solution reacted with basa solution so it will happen
reaction between hydrogen ion that came from acid and
Hydroxide that came from base. So, can form water molecule :
H+(aq)+OH-(aq)

H2O(l)

Reaction called neutralization reaction if ammount of mole positive ion same

with ammount of negative ion. Based on reaction between base and acid that have
same concentration , it dont produce continue nutral solution, it happen caussed
power of acid and base. One of the way to neutraled by acid base titration.
Titration is adding standard solution or the solution that have been known
concentration with helping from indicator. Commonly to use indicator that
produce colour change on neutral pH or approach it.

5. Acid Base Titration

Titration is the way to analysis about measuring amount of solution that need to
reacted continue with substance that containing in the other solution. Analysis that
related with solutions volume of reagent called anaysisvolemetry. In volumetry ,
use titer that mean weight of substance which equivalent with 1 mL standard
solution.
Example :
1 m L of A solution equivalent with 0,010 gram of Na OH , so said that titer of A
solution is 0,010 gram.

Equivalent Point
Equivalent point is a moment amount of mole H + mole same with ammount of
OH- mole. Commonly showed by pH.

The End Point of Titration

The End Point of Titration is process that used and happen colour changing.
Acid base neutralization reaction can use for determine contain or
concentration of kind solution. Contain of acid solution a given by using base
solution that known of contain and just the opposite. This process called
titration acid base titration process or Acidialcalimetry. Doing titration by

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT

reacted a little bite of base solution pass through buret into acid solution that
located on Elenmeyer tube untill both of them exact to completed by there is
colour changing on indicator. This is called The End Point of Titration.

Primary Solution
In primary solution, we know contain or concentration from that solution.

Secondary Solution
In secondary solution , we dont know ammount of mole from that solution, to
knowing , we need titrated of solution by primary solution.

D. Apparatus and Materials

Apparatus
N
o.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10
.

Apparatus

Ammount

Statif
Flask
Measure cylinde (10 mL)
Erlenmeyer (100 mL)
Buret
Chemistry glass
Tissue
Spatula
Stiring spoon
Reaction tube

1
1
1
1
1
1
As nedeed
1
1
1

Materials

N
o.
1.
2.

Materials

Ammount

NaOH solution
Acetid acid
Merk : Sendok

100 mL

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT

1 bottle

% : 5%
Water
Phenolphtalein

3.
4.

As needed
As needed

E. Procedure
First : Making of NaOH solution (Secondary Solution)
1. Determine gr of NaOH that will be used for titration.

NaOH solution 1 M 100 mL Mr :

40
n = M.V 0,1 L . 1 M 0,1 mole
gr = n. Mr 0,1 mole . 40 4 gr

2. Then, Crystal of NaOH will be weighinged as many as calculation.

3. Mass of NaOH crystal that has been weighinged then dissolved into 100
mL of water.

Second : Titration Process

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.

Put 1 mL of acetid acid into reaction tube.

Add water untill 10 mL.
Put statif, set buter on statif and put white tissue under statif.
Take NaOH solution, then put into buret untill 150 mL.
Put into erlenmeyer (mixturing of acetid acid and water).
Add 3 drops of PP indicator (Phenolphtalein)
Turn buret and shake erlenmeyar
Stop to shake if has been had purple colour.
Do it untill 3 times.

F. Observation Result
First : The Volume of NaOH in buret

N
o.
1.
2.

Acetid Acid
First acetid acid
Second acetid

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT

Volume of
NaOH
12,5 mL
12 mL

3.

acid
Third acetid acid

12,3 mL

Second : M of Acetid Acid

N
o.
1.
2.
3.

Volume of
NaOH
12,5 mL
12 mL
12,3 mL

M of Acetid
Acid
0,125 M
0,12 M
0,123 M

Third : % of Acetid Acid

% of Acetid Acid based on Titration process is 6,85

%
% of Acetid Acid based on bottle is 5 %

G. Data Analyze
First : Accounting M of Acetid Acid

V of NaOH = 12,5 mL
Ma.Va.Valencea = Mb.Vb.Valenceb
Ma.10mL.1 = 0,1.12,5 mL.1
V of NaOH = 12 mL

1,25

=0,125 M

Ma =
10= Mb.Vb.Valenceb
Ma.Va.Valencea
Ma.10mL.1 = 0,1.12 mL.1
ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT 1,2
=0,12 M
Ma = 10

V of NaOH = 12,3 mL
Ma.Va.Valencea = Mb.Vb.Valenceb
Ma.10mL.1 = 0,1.12,3 mL.1

1,23

=0,123
M
From the experiment,
can
conclude
that M of Acetid Acid is
Ma =we 10
0,12 M.
But , for totality M of Acetid Acid to determine % of Acetid Acid,
so :
Ma =

0,1210=1,2 M

Second : Determine % of Acetid Acid

As known :
Acetid Acid is
Mr of

CH 3 COOH

CH 3 COOH : 60

M of Acetid Acid : 1,2 M

of Acetid Acid :1,05 gr /mL

M of Acetid Acid

1,2 M =
H. Conclution

. .10
Mr

. 1,05 gr /mL .10

60

72
% conclude
= 10,5 that :
From the experiment , we can

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT

1. From the experiment, we can conclude that M of Acetid Acid is 0,12

M.But , for totality M of Acetid Acid to determine % of Acetid Acid, so :
Ma =

0,1210=1,2 M

2. % of Acetid Acid (
Acetid Acid (

CH 3 COOH) is 6,85 % , its difference between % of

CH 3 COOH) is 5 %. Titration process is Quantitative

Experiment , so we need high of carefulness to do the experiment.

ACID BASE TITRATION EXPERIMENT