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THE FOUR BUDDHIST TENET SYSTEMS

Source: Jetsun Chogyi Gyeltsen's Presentation of Tenets

SCHOOL

SUB-SCHOOLS

PROPONENT

PRASANGIKA
(Consequence)

MADHYAMIKA
(Middle Way)
SVATANTRIKA
(Autonomy)

SAUTRANTIKA SVATANTRIKA
(Sutra Autonomy)

The mere I which is imputed in


dependence on the five aggregates
A person propounding Mahayana
tenets who does not accept true
existence even conventionally

YOGACARA SVATANTRIKA
(Yogic Autonomy)

FOLLOWERS OF REASONING
A person propounding Mahayana
Followers
of
Dharmakirtis
Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition tenets who does not assert external
CITTAMATRA
objects but does accept truly
(Mind Only)
FOLLOWERS OF SCRIPTURE
existent self-cognition
Followers of Asangas Five Treatises on the Grounds
FOLLOWERS OF REASONING

VAIBHASIKA
(Great Exposition)

18 sub-schools

The mental consciousness

The mere mental consciousness


The mind-basis-of-all

A person propounding Hinayana

The mental consciousness

external objects

The continuum of the aggregates

A person propounding Hinayana


tenets who does not accept selfcognition but does accept truly
existent external objects

Various assertions: the mere collection of


the five aggregates, the continuum of the
aggregates, the mental consciousness

SAUTRANTIKA Followers of Dharmakirtis Seven Treatises on Valid Cognition tenets who asserts both selfcognition1 and truly existent
(Sutra)
FOLLOWERS OF SCRIPTURE
Followers of Vasubandhus Treasury of Manifest Knowledge

ILLUSTRATION OF PERSON

The definition of valid self-cognizing perception is: a new and non-deceptive cognition that is free from conceptuality, is only inwardly directed and bears the aspect of an
apprehending-subject.
2
The division into 18 sub-schools: Majority Community, One Convention, Proponents of World-Transcendence, Much Hearing, Proponents of Imputation, Monument Ones, Eastern
Mountain Ones, Western Mountain Ones, Abiding Firmly, Proponents of the Existence of All, Vatsiputra Followers, Dharmottara Followers, Bhadrayana Followers, Mahasammata
Followers, Great Teaching, Dharmagupta Followers, Kashyapa Followers and Uttara Followers. [Maps of the Profound (Hopkins) pages 210-217]

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