02-Duplex Stainless Steel For Indian Construction and Architecture Application-Ypsuri

02-Duplex Stainless Steel for Indian Construction and Architecture Application-ypsuri
Y P S Suri,
An alumnus of IIT Kharagpur and Professionally acclaimed for his passion
to promote anything stainless be it steel or people or ethical values in all
walks of society and industrial practices.
His ethical grooming comes from his close association with the Tata
Group. He was the third generation to join the Tata Group to learn the first
lessons in professional management. He started his professional career
with Tata Motors in 1975.
His value based leadership principles helped him achieve successes in
turning around special steel companies into global and profitable entities
during the nineties.
His eagerness to accept new challenges helped him become CEO of an
eCommerce company for steel segment. This was a pioneering initiative.
To Mr. Suri, eCommerce always meant Ethical Commerce and he led the
company on these lines successfully.
Currently, Mr. Y P S Suri is Country Head of the Indian subsidiary of Finnish
Group Outokumpu- the oldest and one of the largest stainless steel
company with over 6 billion Euro annual turnover. In a short span of
approximately 3 years, Outokumpu has become a brand preferred by the
stainless steel end users in India.
His empathy and social responsibility traits have seen him engaged in
Rotary Clubs, Management and Industry Associations, IIT Kharagpur
Alumnus Foundation (India), Right to Information movements, PAN IIT
initiatives etc..
Seminar Document- REDECON 2010
Duplex Stainless Steel for Indian Construction and

Architecture Application
Stainless Steel is the common name for the steel grades that contain at least
10.5% chromium. Chromium improves the corrosion resistance of stainless steels.
In addition to iron and chromium, stainless steels contain other alloying metals, of
which the most important ones are Nickel and Molybdenum. The combination of
Chromium and Oxygen leads to the formation of a Chromium-rich passive layer on
the surface of the steel. This layer protects the steel, and reforms over time if
damaged.
Provided Stainless Steel Structures are carefully designed and the steel is correctly
selected, treated and maintained, the theoretical service life of stainless steel
structures is hundreds of years. A rough estimate of the successful design and
durability of the structure can be made after the first few years. A good rule of
thumb is that, if there are no rust stains indicating corrosion during the first few
years, the corrosion risk is not probable later.
The environmental impact of the manufacturer and use of materials and products
can be measured by the amount of e.g. various emissions and their environmental
impact, as well as by the energy demand. The values and the decision-making
process of consumers and business partners today are based not only on the
traditional values, but also on environmental impact. An environmentally friendly
product is valued highly in selection situations. Legistration in recent years has
also emphasized environmental values more than before.
Stainless Steel is 100% recyclable. Thanks to the excellent long-term durability
of the material, however, the service lives of the products are extremely long. This
reduces the relative consumption of natural resources and energy during the
service life of products made of stainless steel, in comparison with products made
of materials that wear out faster and need to be replaced.
For the obvious following reasons stainless steel started getting preferred to use in
the Construction and Architecture application across the globe:
100% Recyclable
Aesthetic Appearance
Availability
Cleanability
Corrosion Resistant
Cost Effective
Durable, Longer life span
Finish Range
Fire Resistant
Formability
Functional Performance
Lightweight
Non Toxic
Product form and range
Ready to use
Scrap value
Stable
Weldable
Workable
Work Hardenable
The use of Stainless Steel in Construction and Architecture happened way back in
early 1930s. But the use of stainless steel has increased considerably and the
applications of the material have become diversified in significant in the world
Building Projects in 1990s. Many of the applications involve steel structures such
as facades and faade components. In addition, stainless steel has become a
material for load-bearing structures like stainless steel frames and concrete
reinforcement bars. Stainless steel surfaces have traditionally been bright, either
ground or polished. Matte surface stainless steel is gaining its popularity in shell
structures. Less than one hundred years after its invention, the properties of
stainless steel are being utilized in all building parts, from cladding to load-bearing
and supplementary structures.
The use of stainless steel in the structures and buildings of public transport services
started in the 1060s and 1970s.
The long service life and ease of
maintenance make stainless steel an ideal material in structures that serve
large crowds of people, such as railway and metro stations, bus stops, ship
terminals and airports, etc.
International Codification is done for the different stainless steel surface finishes.
This helps the architect / designers choices to the ordering and implementation
modalities:
EN PRODUCT CONDITIONS
1D
1G
1Q
2H
2E
2B
2F
2R
2G
2J
2K
2M
2W
2L
Hot rolled, heat treated, pickled

Hot rolled, ground
Hot rolled, quenched and tempered, pickled
Work hardened
Cold rolled, heat treated, mechanical descaled & pickled
Cold rolled, heat treated, pickled and skin passed
Cold rolled, heat treated, pickled, skin passed on roughened rolls
Cold rolled, bright annealed
Cold rolled, ground
Cold rolled, Brushed or dull polished
Cold rolled, Satin polished
Cold rolled, patterned
Cold rolled, profile rolled
Cold rolled Colored
Better the surface finish higher the corrosion resistance in stainless steel:
In Architectural applications, corrosive environments are defined as locations with

coastal salt exposure and/or areas with Industrial or urban pollution.
The
constituents that make these environments corrosive include sea (sodium,
potassium and calcium chlorides) and acid rain from exhaust gas condensates
generated by power or chemical plants and motor vehicles.
Most stainless steels are classified as Austenitic, Ferritic or Duplex. These Stainless
Steels can generally be hardened by cold work but not by heat-treatment.
Austenitic Stainless Steels such as Type 304 (1.4301), 316 (1.4401) contain Iron,
Chromium and Nickel. They are Non-Magnetic and provide very good formability.
Ferritic Stainless Steel such as 444 (1.4521), 441 (1.4509) contain Iron and
Chromium. They are magnetic and have limited formability. Duplex Stainless Steel
such as 2101 (1.4162), 2205 (1.4462) contain Iron, Chromium and an intermediate
amount of Nickel. They provide higher strength levels than ferritic and austenitic
steels, are magnetic, and have intermediate formability.
The 2101 (1.4162) Lean Duplex (LDX) have the corrosion resistance and
cost of Types 316 and 317L and the higher strength levels associated with
Duplex stainless steels. In addition to the basic alloying elements mentioned,
molybdenum is added to all the stainless steels expect 304 type to improve
corrosion resistance, particularly resistance to salt (chloride) corrosion.
The following table compares the relative pitting corrosion resistance of different
stainless steels using a formula to predict relative corrosion resistance, Pitting
Resistance Equivalent (PRE) number. This formula is based on the improvement in
stainless steel corrosion resistance associated with increasing chromium,
molybdenum and nitrogen content. It is suggestible, that to use lower ranked
stainless steel in the low corrosion risk zone and higher ranked stainless steel in the
high corrosion risk zone, especially in the coastal area Duplex Grades are strongly
recommended for their high corrosion resistance characteristics.
STAINLESS STEEL GRADE
1.4301
1.4401
1.4162
1.4362
1.4462
1.4547
1.4410
1.4529
(304)
(316)
(LDX 2101)
(S32304)
(S32205)
(S31254)
(S32750)
(No.8926)
PRE NO
Austenitic
Austenitic
Duplex
Duplex
Duplex
Austenitic
Duplex
Austenitic
18
25
26
26
35
43
45
43
The grade and surface finish selection becomes important to get the desired
performance from stainless steel. The selection of grade / designation depends on
some of the followings:
Rural Application
Urban Pollution (Light Industry, Automotive Exhaust)
Industrial Pollution (Aggressive Gases, Iron Oxides, Chemical, etc)
Coastal or Marine Application
Local weather Pattern
Design Considerations
Maintenance Schedule
Due to high strength in the Duplex stainless steels, the cost effectiveness can be
expected by adopting the weight reduction possibility. The potential weight
reduction when the deflection is not the limiting factor is shown as below with an
example of Double U-Profile with the dimensions as U 80mm x 200mm x 80mm x
8mm with continuous length of 2 meter:
Steelgrade
Max
load
Deflecti
on
Potential weight
reduction compared
to 1.4301
Potential weight
reduction compared
to Structural Steel
1.4301 / 304
100
%
100 %
0%
1.4436 / 316
105
%
105 %
5%
Structural
Steel
112
%
112 %
11 %
0%
1.4362 /2304
191
%
191 %
47 %
41 %
1.4162 / LDX
2101
214
%
214 %
53 %
47 %
1.4462 / 2205
219
%
219 %
54 %
48 %
Some of the projects to highlight by using the Duplex Stainless Steel:
Singapore Bay pedestrian Bridge: Duplex Welded
Pipes:
Cala Galdana Bridge, Menorca, Spain: Duplex
Plates:
Foot Over Bridge, Norway: Duplex Structural & Tailor made Profiles
Stone Cutter Bridge, Hong Kong: Duplex Plates and Austenitic

Reinforcement
Bars
Gateway Bridge, Brisbane, Australia: Duplex Reinforcement Bars
Outokumpu is an International Stainless Steel company and widely recognized as

world leaders in technical support, research and development. The manufacturing
plants are in Finland, Sweden, Britain and USA, produce a wide range of stainless
steel products including hot and cold rolled coils / sheets, precision strip, Welded
Pipes & Fittings, Wires, Rods and Reinforcement Bars. Also provides the Project
solution by offering the structural profiles and standard and tailor made profiles in
various grades, dimensions and surface finishes.
From the Corrosion Map of India it is clear that the long coastal line is severely at
risk on corrosion and the urban development lead our cities as densely populated as
it could get, which again a sever corrosion risk atmosphere. In such atmospheric
condition, Duplex Stainless Steel is the grade highly recommended for the
structures to live long with very minimal maintenance.
The Corrosion lose in India is Rs. 2 Lakh Crores per year (as per CII
report). 40% of this is preventable by using Duplex Stainless Steel grade
and finishes.
Outokumpu is fully geared up to offer the complete range of products only
company to supply almost all forms of Stainless steel to every application as below:
Hot & Cold Rolled Coils / Sheets
2000 mm width
Hot Rolled Plates
width
Thin / Precision Strips
1000 mm width
Decorative finishes
finishes
Welded Pipes
Wire Round / Square / Hex
bundle
Reinforcement Bar
Bar
Slabs
width
2mm to 10mm thick, up to
4mm to 110mm thick, up to 3200 mm

-
Minimum
of 0.03mm, up to
All standards and open for special

-
17mm to 2032 mm OD
5mm to 27mm, in 750
Kg
8mm to 32mm in coil / straight / BBS

75mm to 170mm OD,
170 / 200 / 300, up to 1575 mm
Outokumpu recognize that customers in India face a wide variety of challenges and
place higher levels of importance on different aspects of the overall service and
product offering. Outokumpu has its Sales offices in New Delhi and Mumbai to
provide a one face to the market approach, giving its customers the possibility
of a complete professional support and stainless steel package from one contact
point.
For any Enquiry, Please contact us at:

Outokumpu India Private Limited
Architecture, Building & Construction Team,
801-802, Hemkunt Tower, Nehru Place,
New Delhi 110 019, India.
E-Mail: india.sales@outokumpu.com; TEL: (11) 46518440; FAX: (11) 46518439;
Website: www.outokumpu.com

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02-Duplex Stainless Steel for Indian Construction and Architecture Application-ypsuri

Seminar Document- REDECON 2010