13.

_____ Noise is the most prevalent noise found in urban

areas and is normally caused by the arc discharge from
automobile or aircraft ignition systems, induction motors,
switching gears, high voltage lines and the like.
a. Industrial*
c. Flicker
b. Johnson
d. Mixer

Name:
Date:
Prelim
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

87 Mhz falls on what ITU band

A. UHF
B. EHF
C. VHF *

D. HF

Frequencies that encompass the 300- to 3000-MHz range

are under which of the following segments
a) high frequency
b) very high frequency
c) ultrahigh frequency*
d) microwave
The difference between the upper and lower frequency
limits of a signal or the equipment operation range is the
a. amplitude
c. spectrum
b. bandwidth*
d. medium
Which of the following is not an example of external noise
a. Fluorescent light
b. Solar emission
c. Resistor noise *
d. Lightning
Indicate the false statement. From the transmitter the
signal deterioration because of noise is usually
a. unwanted energy
b. predictable in character*
c. present in the transmitter
d. due to any cause

6.

Indicate the false statement.

a. HF mixers are generally noisier than HF amplifiers.
b. Impulse noise voltage is independent of bandwidth.*
c. Thermal noise is independent of the frequency at which
it is measured.
d. Industrial noise is usually of the impulse type.

7.

Indicate the noise whose source is in a category different

from that of the other three.
a. Solar noise
b. Cosmic noise
c. Atmospheric noise*
d. Galactic noise

8.

Indicate the false statement. The square of the thermal

noise voltage generated by a resistor is proportional to
a. its resistance
b. its temperature
c. Boltzmanns constant*
d. the bandwidth over which it is measured

9.

Which of broad classifications of noise are most difficult to

treat?
a. noise generated in the receiver
b. noise generated in the transmitter
c. externally generated noise*
d. internally generated noise

10. So called "1/f" noise is also called:

a. random noise
b. pink noise*
c. white noise
d. partition noise
11. Signal-to-Noise ratio is calculated as:
a. signal voltage divided by noise voltage
b. signal power divided by noise power*
c. first add the signal power to the noise power, then
divide by noise power
d. none of the above
12. The noise figure of a totally noiseless device is
a. 1
c. Zero*
b. Infinity
d. 100

14. In amplitude modulation, how much of the transmitted

power is in the carrier?
a. one-half
c. one-third
b. three-quarters
d. two-thirds*
15. In high-level AM, the modulator varies the voltage and
power in the
a. carrier oscillator
b. audio amplifier
c. intermediate RF amplifier
d. final RF amplifier*
16. Circuits that accept modulated signals and recover the
original modulating information are called
a. modulators
b. detectors*
c. nonlinear circuits
d. balanced filters
17. In a low-level AM system, amplifiers following the
modulated stage must be
a. linear devices*
b. harmonic devices
c. class C amplifiers
d. nonlinear devices
18. The modulation index of an AM wave is changed from 0 to
1. The transmitted power is
a. unchanged
b. halved
c. doubled
d. increase by 50 percent*
19. A carrier is simultaneously modulated by two sine waves
with modulation indices of 0.3 and 0.4; the total
modulation index
a. is 1
b. cannot be calculated unless the phase relations are
known
c. is 0.5*
d. is 0.7
20. Indicate the false statement. The superheterodyne
receiver replaced the TRF receiver because the latter
suffered from
a. gain variation over the frequency coverage range
b. insufficient gain and sensitivity*
c. inadequate selectivity at high frequencies
d. instability
21. The image frequency of a superheterodyne receiver
a. is created within the receiver itself
b. is due to insufficient adjacent channel rejection
c. is not rejected be the IF tuned circuits*
d. is independent of the frequency to which the receiver is
tuned
22. One of the main functions of the RF amplifier in a
superheterodyne receiver is to
a. provide improved tracking
b. permit better adjacent-channel rejection
c. increase the tuning range of the receiver
d. improve the rejection of the image frequency*
23. Basically, sensitivity measures:
a. the weakest signal that can be usefully received*
b. the highest-frequency signal that can be usefully
received
c. the dynamic range of the audio amplifier
d. none of the above
24. Noncoherent detection is known as _____.

A. envelope detection *
B. demodulation
C. discrimination
D. asynchronous detection

Draw the Block Diagram of a Phase-Locked Loop.

5 pts

25. In a double-tuned circuit, minimum bandwidth is obtained

with _____ coupling
A. under *
B. over
C. optimum
D. critical
II. Define the following terms:
Is a unit of measurement used to indicate the ratio of a
power level with respect to a fixed reference level (1mW).
1. dBm
Is any unwanted electrical signals that interfere with the
information signal.
2. System Noise

Draw the operational frequency spectrum of the PLL.

Label the important parameters and discuss its
operation. 5 pts

A modulation technique where the information signal is

analog and the frequency (f) of the carrier is varied
proportional to the information signal.

3. Frequency Modulation ( FM )
Process of converting a frequency or band of
frequencies to another location in the total
frequency spectrum.
4. Frequency Translation
Are signals in the 3kHz to 30kHz range which
include the upper end of the human hearing range.
5. Very Low Frequencies ( VLF )
The bandwidth of a communications channel is the
difference between the highest and lowest
frequencies that the channel will allow to pass
through it.
6. Passband
The band of frequencies centered around the VCO
natural frequency over which a PLL can maintain
frequency lock with an external input signal. Also
known as tracking range.
7. Lock Range
The term used to describe the amount of amplitude
change (modulation) present in an AM waveform
signal.
8. Coefficient of Modulation
The modulation takes place in the final element of
the final stage where the carrier signal is at its
maximum amplitude.
9. High-Level Modulation
Used to translate the low-frequency intelligence
signals to radio-frequency signals that can be
efficiently radiated from an antenna and propagated
through free space.
10. Up-converter

III. Essay and Figures:

Draw the diagram of the basic AM modulator. 5 pts

Discuss how it operates (include the time domain
signal. 5 pts

IV. Problems
1.

An amplifier operating over a 4 MHz bandwidth has a 100

ohm input resistance. It is operating at 27 OC, has a
voltage gain of 200 and has an input signal of 5 Vrms.
Determine the rms output voltage signals and output noise
voltage. 5 pts

2.

A three-stage amplifier is to have an overall noise

temperature no greater than 70 K. The overall gain of the
amplifier is to be at least 45 dB. The amplifier is to be built
by adding a low-noise first stage with existing
characteristics as follows: stage 2 has 20 dB power gain
and 3 dB noise figure. Stage 3 has 15 dB power gain and
6 dB noise figure. Calculate the maximum noise figure (in
dB) that the first stage can have. 5 pts

3.

For an AM DSBFC wave with an unmodulated carrier peak

voltage of 30 V and a load resistance of 50 ohms,
determine
a. power in the unmodulated carrier. (2 pts)
b. power of the modulated carrier, upper and lower
sidebands, and total transmitted power for a modulation
coefficient m = 0.5 (3 pts)

4.

Calculate the sideband power of an antenna with 50 Ohm

impedance, when an unmodulated signal produces 8
Amperes at 90% modulation. (5 pts)