Pump Example.

mcd

4/17/00

A pump in the system shown draws water from a sump and delivers it to an open tank through 1250 ft of
new 4 nominal diameter, schedule 40 steel pipe. The vertical suction pipe is 5 ft long and includes a foot
valve with hinged disk and a 90 deg standard elbow. The discharge line includes a foot valve with hinged
disk and a lift check valve, and a fully open gate valve. The design flow rate is 200 gpm.
1. Find the head losses in the suction and discharge lines.
2. Calculate the NPSHA.
3. Select a pump suitable for this application given the pump selection charts in Figures D.1 and D.2.
4. Find the appropriate rotation speed for the pump to meet design conditions.
5. Comment on the expected efficiency, estimate it and the power required by the pump in hp.
6. Draw the pump characteristic curve (Head vs. Volume Flowrate) and the system curve on one graph

Properties of Water
w( T )

w( T )

0.001792

1000

kg
exp 1.94
m sec

kg
3

kg

0.0178

4.8

1.7

( T

273.15 K
T 273.15 K
4 C )

1.7

Given
Pipe: 4" nominal SC40 steel
Discharge Side:
Total discharge pipe length:
Two 90 deg standard elbows
One angle lift check valve
One gate valve (fully open)

L Dp

1250 ft

6.74

273.15 K
T 273.15 K

Pump Example.mcd

4/17/00

Suction Side:
Total suction pipe length:

L Sp

5 ft

One foot valve with hinged disk

One 90 deg standard elbow
Design Flowrate:

Qd

200

gal
min

Solution
From Table E2.1
Pipe Diameter:

Dp

Pipe Area:

Ap

4.026 in
D p

From Figure 8.15

Roughness:

0.00015 ft

e
Dp

4.471 10

Find loss coefficients for all hydraulic components

From Table 8.3: Gate Valve (fully open)
Equivalent length:

L eGV

8 D p

L eFV

75 D p

L eCV

55 D p

Foot Valve with hinged disk:

Equivalent length:
Check Valve, angle lift
Equivalent length:
Standard Elbow, 90 deg
Equivalent length:

L eE

30 D p

From Table 8.1: Entrance from Reservoir to Pipe Loss Factor:

From Figure 8.17:

Exit from Pipe to Reservoir Loss Factor:

Ke

0.78

K ex

Reservoirs are large so velocities in the reservoirs are negligible

Lower Reservoir Surface State 0:P o

0 psi

(gage)

Vo

Upper Reservoir Surface State 1:P 1

0 psi

(gage)

V1

Suction of Pump State S:

zS

28.62 ft

m
sec
m
sec

zo

24 ft

z1

289 ft

Pump Example.mcd

Temperature:

4/17/00

25 C

Tw

Atmospheric Pressure:

14.7 psi

P atm

Water Viscosity:

w Tw

9.075 10

Water Density:

w Tw

996.851

Velocity in Pipe:

V Q d 1.536

Ap

Reynolds Number in Pipe

kg
m

V( Q )

kg
m sec

Re p ( Q )

D p V ( Q )

m
sec
5
Re p Q d 1.726 10

Larger than 2300 so flow is Turbulent

Find Friction Factor:

f

0.25 log

e
D p 3.7

Given

2 log

0.5

5.74
Re p Q d
e
D p 3.7

0.9

2.51
f( Q )

Re p ( Q ) f

0.5

Find( f )

f Q d 0.018824

Head Losses:Sum of Major (friction in pipe) and Minor (hydraulic components) head
losses
Discharge Side:
Major

Minor

Total

h DM( Q )

h Dm ( Q )

f( Q )

f( Q ) 2

h DL( Q )

L Dp V ( Q ) 2

D p 2 g

h DM Q d 27.691 ft

L eE

L eCV

L eGV

Dp

Dp

Dp

h DM( Q )

h Dm( Q )

V( Q )
K ex
h Dm Q d 1.309 ft
2 g

h DL Q d 29 ft

Pump Example.mcd

4/17/00

Suction Side:
L Sp V ( Q ) 2

D p 2 g

Major

h SM( Q )

f( Q )

Minor

h Sm( Q )

f( Q )

Total

h SL( Q )

L eE

L eFV

Dp

Dp

h SM( Q )

h SM Q d 0.111 ft
V( Q )
Ke
2 g

h Sm( Q )

h Sm Q d 1.088 ft

h SL Q d 1.199 ft

To find the NPSHA we need to find the stagnation head (sum of the static and dynamic heads)
at the suction point of the pump.
This can be found by applying the energy equation for steady, incompressible flow
between
States 0 and S:
A simple though mechanistic way of writing the energy equation for steady, incompressible
flow between two points is by considering the head balance:
Total Head In (begining state) + Head Gained (along the fluid path) =
Total Head Out (final state) + Head Lost (along the fluid path)
where

Total Head=Static+Dynamic+Hydrostatic

Thus, for our purposes:

2

Po

Vo

2 g

Total head at State 0:

h to

Total head at State S:

htS =hSt +zS

zo

h to 24 ft

So applying the balance between states 0 (begining state) and S (final state), and solving
for the stagnation head at Suction we get:
h St( Q )

h to

zS

h St Q d 5.819 ft

h SL( Q )

g h St( Q )

P atm

Vapor Pressure for Water at T=25C from Steam Tables:

Pv

Total Pressure at Suction:

P St( Q )

P St Q d 12.185 psi
6
0.003169 10 Pa

P v 0.46 psi

Pump Example.mcd

4/17/00

Net Positive Suction Head

NPSHA( Q )

P St( Q )

Pv

NPSHA Q d 27.132 ft

The Pump Head can be calculated by applying the energy equation for steady,
incompressible flow between States 0 and 1:
Considering that:
h to

Total head at State 0:

h t1

Total head at State 1:

Po

Vo

2 g

P1

V1

2 g

zo

h to 24 ft

z1

h t1 289 ft

writing the head balance, and solving for the required head of the pump we get

h P( Q )

h t1

h to

h SL( Q )

h DL( Q )

h P Q d 295.199 ft

So the operating point of the required pump must be

Head

h P Q d 295.199 ft at a Flow Rate of

Q d 200

gal
min

The Power that will be transmitted to the fluid is

Pw( Q )

g h P( Q ) Q

Pw Q d 11.099 kW

Looking at Pump Selection Charts such as those of Figures D.1 and D.2 we see that a
pump type 4AE12 (4" Suction) could do the job at a rotation speed between 3550 and
1750 RPM
Let us look at the pump characteristics for this type 4AE12. They are given for 3550 and
1750 RPM in Figures D.5 and D.4 respectively.
We see that we will not be able to meet our requirement at these speeds. So we need to
determine the speed at which we need to run a 4AE12 type pump to do the job.
Let us pick an impeller size of:

Di

11 in

Pump Example.mcd

4/17/00

We can obtain the head vs. flowrate characteristic for this speed knowing that the
dependence of the head on the flowrate is quadratic:

H p (Q p ) H p0 BQ 2p

RPM

1
Hz
60

So we read the head at zero flow off Figure D.4 for the chosen impeller size at 1750
RPM:
H p0

125 ft

1750 RPM

we also read the Hp, Qp pair for one more point on the characteristic, say the maximum
efficiency point.
gal
H pe 105 ft
Q pe 460
min
Then we can calculate B:

H p0

H pe
2

B 9.452 10

Q pe
Hp Q p

H p0

B Q p

ft min
gal

From similarity considerations the coefficient B will be independent of pump rotation

speed.
If we change the speed of rotation only H p0 will change.
The requirement we have to meet is dictated by our system's operating point
Head h P Q d 295.199 ft at a Flow Rate of

Q d 200

Therefore we can calculate the required H p0.

H p0r

hP Q d

B Q d

H p0r 298.98 ft

To find out the required pump speed we use the similarity law

H p1
12 D12

H p2
22 D 22

Because we are not changing impeller size we have:

r

H p0r
H p0

3
r 2.706 10

RPM

gal
min

Pump Example.mcd

4/17/00

Speed must be a fraction of 3550 RPM, so

r

49
64

3
r 2.718 10

3550 RPM

RPM

Close enough

So an 4AE12 pump at 2718 RPM will do the job but the efficiency is going to be very
poor.
It is evident from inspection of the pump characteristics (Figures D.4 and D5) that the
operating point is very far from the maximum efficiency region for this class of pumps.
There will also be no problem with the NPSH.
p

Let us estimate the efficiency to be:

0.45

The power we have to supply the pump with to do the job is

Pp

Pw Q d

Pp 33.075 hp

The pump characteristic will be:

i

1 2 400

Hp Q p

Qi

i 2.5

300

400

H p0r

B Q p

gal
min

400

350

Hp Q
i
1 ft
hP Q
i
1 ft

300

250

200

150

100

100

200

500
Qi
1

gal
min

600

700

800

900

1000

Figures Tables - Charts