PRAKTIKUM ANALISIS BAHAN

PENERAAN ALAT UKUR LAJU ALIR FLUIDA (B)

DATA PERCOBAAN
1. Peneraan Laju Alir Zat Cair
h(cm)
V(cm3)
t(s)

6.0
78
5.19

76
5.10

5.5
75
5.06

75
5.03

74
5.03

71
5.13

70
5.07

59
5.18

58
5.00

57
4.97

50
4.85

51
4.91

42
5.12

42
5.07

42
5.09

35
5.00

35
5.07

22
4.96

23
5.03

22
4.97

4.5
58
5.06

58
4.97
3.0

42
5.12

41
5.04

23
5.06

22
4.94

69
4.94
4.0
52
5.09
2.5
34
4.91

1.5

2. Peneraan Laju Alir Gas

P awal : 3,5 kg/cm3
P akhir : 1 kg/cm3
h(cm)
V(cm )
t(s)
3

10.0
38
3.06

36
3.00

8.0
35
2.82

37
3.03

36
2.87

32
2.81

33
3.06

21
3.13

20
3.00

20
2.94

15
2.81

14
3.06

6.0
24
2.90

24
3.19
2.0

31
2.85
4.0
14
3.00

8
3.04

9
3.19

7
3.15

5
3.09

6
2.83

ANALISIS DATA
1. Peneraan Laju Alir Zat Cair
Tabel ketinggian (h), volume (V), waktu (t), dan debit fluida (Q)
No.

x = h, cm
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22

V, cm3
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
6.0
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.5
4.0
4.0

t, s
78
76
75
75
74
71
70
69
69
71
65
63
65
65
65
58
58
59
58
57
50
51

Q, cm3/s x2 =
5.19
15.0289
5.10
14.9020
5.06
14.8221
5.03
14.9105
5.03
14.7117
5.13
13.8402
5.07
13.8067
4.94
13.9676
4.93
13.9959
5.06
14.0316
5.16
12.5969
4.97
12.6761
5.19
12.5241
5.18
12.5483
5.15
12.6214
5.06
11.4625
4.97
11.6700
5.18
11.3900
5.00
11.6000
4.97
11.4688
4.85
10.3093
4.91
10.3870

h2
hQ
36.0000
36.0000
36.0000
36.0000
36.0000
30.2500
30.2500
30.2500
30.2500
30.2500
25.0000
25.0000
25.0000
25.0000
25.0000
20.2500
20.2500
20.2500
20.2500
20.2500
16.0000
16.0000

ln Q (y)
90.1734
2.7100
89.4118
2.7015
88.9328
2.6961
89.4632
2.7021
88.2704
2.6886
76.1209
2.6276
75.9369
2.6252
76.8219
2.6367
76.9777
2.6388
77.1739
2.6413
62.9845
2.5335
63.3803
2.5397
62.6204
2.5277
62.7413
2.5296
63.1068
2.5354
51.5810
2.4391
52.5151
2.4570
51.2548
2.4327
52.2000
2.4510
51.6097
2.4396
41.2371
2.3330
41.5479
2.3406

23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
SUM

4.0
52
5.09
10.2161
4.0
51
4.94
10.3239
4.0
50
4.97
10.0604
3.5
46
5.15
8.9320
3.5
45
5.03
8.9463
3.5
46
5.12
8.9844
3.5
45
4.97
9.0543
3.5
44
4.94
8.9069
3.0
42
5.12
8.2031
3.0
41
5.04
8.1349
3.0
42
5.12
8.2031
3.0
42
5.07
8.2840
3.0
42
5.09
8.2515
2.5
35
5.00
7.0000
2.5
35
5.07
6.9034
2.5
34
4.91
6.9246
2.5
35
5.10
6.8627
2.5
35
5.06
6.9170
2.0
30
4.90
6.1224
2.0
31
4.94
6.2753
2.0
30
4.93
6.0852
2.0
31
5.00
6.2000
2.0
31
5.07
6.1144
1.5
23
5.06
4.5455
1.5
22
4.94
4.4534
1.5
22
4.96
4.4355
1.5
23
5.03
4.5726
1.5
22
4.97
4.4266
187.5000 2469.0000 251.7200 489.6110

Hubungan debit fluida cair

16.0000
40.8644
16.0000
41.2955
16.0000
40.2414
12.2500
31.2621
12.2500
31.3121
12.2500
31.4453
12.2500
31.6901
12.2500
31.1741
9.0000
24.6094
9.0000
24.4048
9.0000
24.6094
9.0000
24.8521
9.0000
24.7544
6.2500
17.5000
6.2500
17.2584
6.2500
17.3116
6.2500
17.1569
6.2500
17.2925
4.0000
12.2449
4.0000
12.5506
4.0000
12.1704
4.0000
12.4000
4.0000
12.2288
2.2500
6.8182
2.2500
6.6802
2.2500
6.6532
2.2500
6.8588
2.2500
6.6398
806.2500 2070.3412

2.3240
2.3345
2.3086
2.1896
2.1912
2.1955
2.2032
2.1868
2.1045
2.0962
2.1045
2.1143
2.1104
1.9459
1.9320
1.9351
1.9261
1.9340
1.8120
1.8366
1.8059
1.8245
1.8106
1.5141
1.4937
1.4896
1.5201
1.4876
110.9580

a) Dengan Pendekatan Linier

Q=ah+b

a=(nhQ-hQ)/(nh2 - (h)2)
b=(Q-ah)/n
a
b

2.2720
1.2722

Dari nilai a dan b dapat dibuat persamaan : Q = 2,2720 h + 1,2722

b) Dengan Persamaan Eksponensial
Q=a.ebh
Persamaan dapat diturunkan menjadi :
ln Q = ln a + b.h
Dengan pemisalan dituliskan kembali menjadi :
y = A + Bx
Penyelesaian dilakukan dengan regresi linier seperti cara di poin (a)
b=B
ln a = A

0.2502
1.2809

a = eA

3.6000

Persamaan : Q = 3,600 . Exp(0,2502 h)

c) Menentukan nilai R-square
(1) SST
Q rata-rata hasil percobaan :
9.7922

(2) SSE

(3) SSR
SSR = SST - SSE (Linier)

532.3293

R = SSR/SST (Linier)

0.9968

SSR = SST - SSE (Exp.)

R = SSR/SST (Exp.)
2

517.5369
0.9691

1. Peneraan Laju Alir Zat Gas

No.

x = h, cm
V, cm3
1
10.00
2
10.00
3
10.00
4
10.00
5
10.00
6
8.00
7
8.00
8
8.00
9
8.00
10
8.00
11
6.00
12
6.00
13
6.00
14
6.00
15
6.00
16
4.00
17
4.00
18
4.00
19
4.00
20
4.00

t, s
38
36
35
37
36
32
33
31
30
33
24
24
21
20
20
15
14
14
15
14

Q, cm3/s x2 = h2
hQ
ln Q (y)
3.06
12.42
100.0000
124.1830
2.5192
3.00
12.00
100.0000
120.0000
2.4849
2.82
12.41
100.0000
124.1135
2.5186
3.03
12.21
100.0000
122.1122
2.5024
2.87
12.54
100.0000
125.4355
2.5292
2.81
11.39
64.0000
91.1032
2.4326
3.06
10.78
64.0000
86.2745
2.3781
2.85
10.88
64.0000
87.0175
2.3867
2.81
10.68
64.0000
85.4093
2.3680
2.97
11.11
64.0000
88.8889
2.4079
2.90
8.28
36.0000
49.6552
2.1133
3.19
7.52
36.0000
45.1411
2.0180
3.13
6.71
36.0000
40.2556
1.9035
3.00
6.67
36.0000
40.0000
1.8971
2.94
6.80
36.0000
40.8163
1.9173
2.81
5.34
16.0000
21.3523
1.6749
3.06
4.58
16.0000
18.3007
1.5206
3.00
4.67
16.0000
18.6667
1.5404
3.07
4.89
16.0000
19.5440
1.5864
3.19
4.39
16.0000
17.5549
1.4790

21
22
23
24
25
SUM

2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
2.00
150.0000

8
9
7
5
6
557.0000

3.04
2.63
3.19
2.82
3.15
2.22
3.09
1.62
2.82
2.13
74.8600 187.6746

4.0000
5.2632
4.0000
5.6426
4.0000
4.4444
4.0000
3.2362
4.0000
4.2553
1100.0000 1388.6661

Hubungan debit fluida gas

a) Dengan Pendekatan Linier
Q=ah+b

0.9676
1.0372
0.7985
0.4813
0.7550
46.2178

14.0000
12.0000

a=(nhQ-hQ)/(nh2 - (h)2)

10.0000

b=(Q-ah)/n
a
b

8.0000

1.3131
-0.3716

Dari nilai a dan b dapat dibuat persamaan : Q = 1,3131 h - 0,3716

b) Dengan Persamaan Eksponensial
Q=a.e
Persamaan dapat diturunkan menjadi :
ln Q = ln a + b.h
Dengan pemisalan dituliskan kembali menjadi :
y = A + Bx
Penyelesaian dilakukan dengan regresi linier seperti cara di poin (a)
bh

b=B
ln a = A

0.2120
0.5766

debit fluida, cm3/s

6.0000
4.0000
2.0000
0.0000
1.00

14.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
debit fluida, cm3/s
6.00
4.00

12.00
10.00

a = eA

8.00

1.7800

debit fluida, cm3/s

6.00

Persamaan : Q = 1,7800 . Exp(0,2120 h)

c) Menentukan nilai R-square
(1) SST
Q rata-rata hasil percobaan :
7.5070

2.00
0.00
1.00

(2) SSE

(3) SSR
SSR = SST - SSE (Linier)
R = SSR/SST (Linier)
2

SSR = SST - SSE (Exp)

R = SSR/SST (Exp)
2

4.00

344.8416
0.9749
303.8753
0.8591

5.5

5.0
69
4.93

71
5.06

65
5.16

63
4.97

4.0

65
5.19

65
5.18

65
5.15

46
5.12

45
4.97

44
4.94

30
4.93

31
5.00

31
5.07

3.5
51
4.94

50
4.97

46
5.15

45
5.03

2.5

2.0
35
5.10

35
5.06

30
2.81

33
2.97

15
3.07

14
3.19

8.0

4.0

30
4.90

31
4.94

xy = h ln Q SST
16.2599
16.2090
16.1767
16.2124
16.1319
14.4517
14.4383
14.5021
14.5132
14.5272
12.6673
12.6986
12.6383
12.6479
12.6770
10.9758
11.0566
10.9473
11.0295
10.9783
9.3322
9.3622

Q persamaan Linier SSE Linier Q persamaan Exponensial SSE Exponensial

27.4228
0.0155
1.2631
26.1094
0.0000
1.5645
14.9042
16.1528
25.3000
0.0067
1.7706
26.1972
0.0000
1.5431
24.2016
0.0371
2.0766
16.3858
0.0052
0.1708
16.1161
0.0015
0.1995
13.7682
14.2534
17.4339
0.0398
0.0817
17.6713
0.0519
0.0663
17.9725
0.0694
0.0492
7.8662
0.0012
0.0004
8.3165
0.0019
0.0097
7.4631
12.6322
0.0117
12.5774
0.0028
7.5958
0.0070
0.0008
8.0040
0.0001
0.0019
2.7897
0.0011
0.1325
3.5261
0.0302
0.3267
2.5528
11.4962
0.0113
11.0984
0.0850
3.2681
0.0108
0.2516
2.8110
0.0008
0.1372
0.2673
0.0026
0.2661
0.3537
0.0007
0.3523
10.3602
9.7934

9.2959
9.3378
9.2344
7.6638
7.6693
7.6842
7.7113
7.6539
6.3135
6.2885
6.3135
6.3430
6.3312
4.8648
4.8300
4.8377
4.8153
4.8350
3.6239
3.6732
3.6117
3.6491
3.6213
2.2712
2.2405
2.2345
2.2801
2.2314
441.8934

0.1797
0.2827
0.0719
0.7399
0.7155
0.6526
0.5445
0.7838
2.5252
2.7466
2.5252
2.2747
2.3739
7.7965
8.3456
8.2230
8.5818
8.2669
13.4672
12.3687
13.7421
12.9040
13.5264
27.5285
28.5026
28.6946
27.2448
28.7903
534.0242

10.3602

9.2242

8.0882

6.9522

5.8162

4.6802

0.0208
0.0013
0.0899
0.0854
0.0772
0.0575
0.0289
0.1007
0.0132
0.0022
0.0132
0.0383
0.0267
0.0023
0.0024
0.0008
0.0080
0.0012
0.0938
0.2108
0.0723
0.1473
0.0889
0.0182
0.0514
0.0599
0.0116
0.0643
1.6950

16.0000
14.0000
12.0000

f(x) = 2.2719992772x + 1.2722228615

9.7934

8.6418

7.6256

6.7290

5.9377

5.2395

0.1787
0.2814
0.0713
0.0842
0.0927
0.1174
0.1702
0.0703
0.3335
0.2594
0.3335
0.4335
0.3917
0.0735
0.0304
0.0383
0.0179
0.0354
0.0341
0.1140
0.0218
0.0688
0.0312
0.4817
0.6179
0.6465
0.4448
0.6609
16.4873

16.0000
14.0000

f(x) = 2.2719992772x + 1.2722228615

12.0000
10.0000

Keteranga
n:

8.0000
debit fluida, cm3/s

Q percob

Pendekat

6.0000
4.0000
2.0000
0.0000
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

tinggi float, cm

16.0000

f(x) = 3.6000197439 exp( 0.2501920029 x )

14.0000

R2 = 0,9691

12.0000
10.0000

Keterangan :

debit fluida, cm3/s 8.0000

Q percobaan

6.0000

Pendekatan Expo

4.0000
2.0000
0.0000
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

Q percobaan

6.0000

Pendekatan Expo

4.0000
2.0000
0.0000
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

tinggi float, cm

xy = h ln Q SST
25.1917
24.8491
25.1861
25.0236
25.2921
19.4604
19.0247
19.0933
18.9441
19.2636
12.6801
12.1082
11.4209
11.3827
11.5039
6.6995
6.0826
6.1618
6.3455
5.9161

Q persamaan linier
24.1210
20.1872
24.0528
22.1298
25.3670
15.0615
10.7409
11.3583
10.0436
12.9897
0.5912
0.0003
0.6364
0.7061
0.4960
4.7042
8.5956
8.0674
6.8696
9.7236

12.7593

10.1332

7.5070

4.8808

SSE Linier Q persamaan Exponensial SSE Exponensial

0.1163
5.8241
0.5766
8.0180
0.1211
14.8316
5.8577
0.3004
6.8664
0.0466
5.2352
1.5744
2.8291
0.4240
1.1629
9.7059
0.5536
1.3719
0.2948
0.9414
0.9564
1.9746
0.5912
3.7027
0.0003
1.3733
6.3516
0.6364
0.1279
0.7061
0.0992
0.4960
0.2035
0.2091
1.3960
0.0934
0.1752
0.0459
4.1566
0.2602
0.0000
0.5321
0.2422
0.0539

7.00

1.9352
2.0744
1.5970
0.9625
1.5100
319.7091

23.7696
21.9555
27.9287
34.6787
28.9371
353.7118

0.1421
0.3211
0.0010
0.4051
0.0161
8.8702

2.2546

0.0078
0.0102
0.2479
1.2143
0.3510
49.8365

2.7201

14.0000
12.0000

f(x) = 1.3130910411x - 0.371560609

R2 = 0,9749

10.0000
8.0000

debit fluida, cm3/s

Keterangan :
Q percobaan

6.0000

Pendekatan Linier

4.0000
2.0000
0.0000
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

tinggi float, cm

14.00
12.00

f(x) = 1.7800413528 exp( 0.2120124152 x )

R2 = 0,8591

10.00
8.00

debit fluida, cm3/s

6.00
4.00

Q percobaan

Pendekatan Exponensial

f(x) = 1.7800413528 exp( 0.2120124152 x )

12.00
10.00
8.00

Keterangan :

debit fluida, cm3/s

6.00
Q percobaan

4.00
2.00
0.00
1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

tinggi float, cm

7.00

8.00

9.00

10.00

11.00

Pendekatan Exponensial

.00

7.00

R2 =
0,9968

Q percobaan
Pendekatan Linier

7.00

R2 = 0,9691

Keterangan :
Q percobaan
Pendekatan Exponensial

7.00

Q percobaan
Pendekatan Exponensial

Q percobaan
Pendekatan Linier

00

Pendekatan Exponensial

Pendekatan Exponensial