Forces and Motion Guided Notes

1. Forces and Motion

a. Forces can create changes in motion (______________________ or
___________________).
2. Force
a. A force is a ______________________ or a ______________________.
3. Balanced Force
a. A force that produces ____________ __________________ in an objects
____________________ because it is balanced by an equal yet opposite
force.
4. Unbalanced Forces
a. Are forces that result in an objects _____________________ being
______________________________.
5. Motion can be described as:
a. A change in an objects ___________________________.
b. Average ____________________________ (speed) is the change of
___________________________ of an object over time.
6. Newtons 1ST Law of Motion
a. 1st Laws States that an object at rest will not move unless an outside
force acts on it (such as friction). This law is also called the ________________________________________________________
b. Ex. This law explains why you fly forward in a car when someone slams
on the brakes. Because of Inertia, your body wants to keep moving at the
same speed as the car.
7. Newtons 2nd Law of Motion
a. 2nd Law States that a force on an object will move the object in the
direction of the force. The relationship between force, mass and
acceleration is summarized by the formula:
i. _______________________________________
b. Ex. This law explains why a golf ball will roll in the direction of a force
applied to it.

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9. Newtons 3rd Law of Motion
a. 3rd Law States that for every action there is an ____________________
but _____________________ action.
i. Ex. A skater pushes back on the skates but the skater moves
forward.
10. THESE LAWS EXPLAIN ALL MOTION

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12. Momentum
a. The product of an objects mass and its speed. A force applied to an object
causes a change in its __________________________________.
b. p(momentum)= m(mass) x v(velocity)
i. p = mv
c. common unit for momentum (kg x m/s)

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14. Velocity Graphs
V = distance
time
a. Velocity (v) is the ______________________ (rise over run) of a position
(d) vs. time (t) graph

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16. Acceleration
a. When an objects _____________________________ changes over time
it is accelerating (or decelerating)
b. A = vfinal vinitial / time
c. Units for acceleration m/s/s or m/s2

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19. Work
a. _____________________________: application of a force to an object
that results in the movement of the object over a certain
_____________________.
b. ________________________________
c. The work done by forces on an object = changes in energy for that object.
d. Work and Energy are measured in Joules
e. 1 __________________________ = 1 Newton meter

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22. Friction
a. A force that __________________________, or works against,
__________________________ of two objects that are touching.
b. ___________________________ causes an object to slow down and stop.
c. Since the amount of energy stays constant, the energy becomes
_____________________
d. Why Use a Machine?
i. In an ideal (perfect) machine the work put into the
_____________________________ (Win) = the work put out by
that machine (Wout)
23. Machines Make Work Easier
a. The ideal mechanical advantage of a machine (IMA) of a machine is the
number of times the output force is larger than the input force IMA =
Fout/Fin
b. A machine can only make this happen by moving the input force through a
farther distance than the output force
c. Fin din= Fout dout

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30. Universal Law of Gravity
a. All objects in the universe attract each other by the force of
__________________________.
b. Gravity varies depending on two factors:
i. 1) the mass of the object doing the pulling, and
ii. 2) the distance from the center of that object

31. On Earth gravity = 9.8 m/s/s

a. For every second that an object falls its speed increases by 9.8 m/s
32. Weight=
Mass (m) X gravity (g)
a. Unit of mass = kg
b. Unit of acceleration = m/s/s
c. Unit of weight = Newton
d. 1 Newton= about pound

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