TYPES OF LABELS

Submittedby

TARUN MISHRA
FOR
INTENSIVE TRAINING COURSE
(ITC-49th BATCH 2015)

DISSERTATION REPORT - 1

Table of Contents
Overview.................................................................................................................................................3
What is a Label.....................................................................................................................................3
WhatisLabelling?..................................................................................................................................4
Importance of Labelling.........................................................................................................................4
Objectives of Labelling :........................................................................................................................4
ThingstoConsiderforLabelDesign:......................................................................................................5
How do you make a Label ?..................................................................................................................6
Quality , Testing & Inspection....................................................................................................................7
Common Label Quality Issues....................................................................................................................7
Testing Methods.......................................................................................................................................8
LABELCLASSIFICATION............................................................................................................................9
HeatSensitiveLabels........................................................................................................................10
GummedPaperLabels......................................................................................................................10
PlainPaperLabels.............................................................................................................................10
PressureSensitiveLabels..................................................................................................................11
LINERLESSLABELS.............................................................................................................................11
Cut&StackLabels.............................................................................................................................12
In-Mold Labels....................................................................................................................................13
Shrink Sleeves.....................................................................................................................................14
TRENDSINLABELS.................................................................................................................................15
PeelandReadLabels........................................................................................................................15
BookletLabels...................................................................................................................................15
CUSTOMLABELSOLUTIONS..................................................................................................................17
DualPrintedLabels...........................................................................................................................17
NoLookLabels..................................................................................................................................17
PerformanceLabels..........................................................................................................................17
Traceabilitylabels.............................................................................................................................17
VinylLabels.......................................................................................................................................18
TamperEvidentLabels......................................................................................................................18
Label Industry in India............................................................................................................................19
Samples.................................................................................................................................................20
References:...........................................................................................................................................22
2

Overview
A big part of the appeal of many different types of products in many different
industries is the packaging. Vibrant colors and sharp graphics printed on a variety of
different materials helps to give character and an identity to certain types of
products.
Companies give a lot of thought to the type of packaging that is wrapped around
their products. Many times , the labels are the first point of contact for the consumer
, and they will one of the things that stick in the costumers mind after the fact.
Originally, labels were used merely to identify a product or to supply information
about the properties, nature, or purpose of the items labelled. Today their use is
often required by legislation and they are seen as sales and marketing aids in the
total design of a package or product.

What is a Label
A Label is a slip of paper , card ,linen,metal,polymer for attaching to an object and
indicating its nature , owner , name , destination etc. Confining to Packaging , Label
is a per below figure.

Wha
at is La
abellin
ng ?
Labellinng is any written
w
, electronic
e
o graphic communiccations on the packaging or
or
on a separate buut associatted label. Display off information about a productt on its
containner , packaaging , or the productt itself.

Impo
ortancee of Lab
belling
More or
o less eveery single thing
t
in ouur lives exxist has labbels but w
we not at all
a think
about them
t
much unless something is not there a label. Then the situation can
c get
annoying, as we might nott identify what
w
thing it is, wheere it fit in, or what itt holds.
Everybody in business is familiar
f
wiith the importance of
o packagiing labels, but at
times we
w overlook classifyying or using them, or we ennd at the most unfoortunate
time. Other
O
timees we makke additional work for ourselves by noot making use of
labels as it shoulld be, or we
w fail to spot
s
out on significant businesss chances for the
reason that produucts are noot correctlyy labeled.

Objeectives of Labeelling :
1) Brrand Identification One of th
he most
important functionss that product labels serve is
generatin
ng an easily identifiable markker that
establishe
es the brand off the company
manufactturing/proceessing/packkaging

the
product. When conssumers trusst a certain
n brand,
they are more likelyy to buy products asssociated
withit.Laabelsarean
neasyway tohelpcon
nsumers
associateabusinessproductsw
withitsbran
nd.

2) Description&In
nformation
Laabels can also
a
be useed to give a productts users
helpfulinforrmationthaatmakesit easierfortthemto
b
begin
using a product, making th
hem more likely to
p
purchase
it. Dependingg on the usse , Labels provide
D
Detailsofth
econtento
oringredien
nts,Instructtionsfor
U
Use,Warnin
ng&Contraadictions

3) Prom
motion
Finallylabelsshelpsinprromotingth
heproducttthrough
atttractiveandbrightgraaphicsreplaacingpaperlabels
gluedoncansandbottlees.

Things to Consider for Label Design :

High quality labelling, like packaging, requires research, planning and
consultation from a variety of sources. As well, package and label design must
be integrated. It's important that they both send the same message to the
consumer.
Your ultimate goal is to produce a label that is educational and user-friendly. It
should also adequately market your product within legal specifications. And, of
course, your label needs to be an integrated part of your strategic marketing
approach. (This is covered in more detail in Part 8: Strategic Marketing.
Before you create a label, you should know:

all the regions where your product will eventually be sold, and through
which distribution channels;
information your customers would find helpful;
the colours and promotional appeals that are suitable for your audience
(your designer can give you input on this);
how the label will be applied;
what labelling material is suitable for the product environment (that is,
does it need to be freezer-proof? Shipping-proof? Smudge-proof?);
what the labelling budget is per unit; and regulatory requirements for
the product.Once you have enough information to answer the above
questions, you can approach a label designer.

How do you make a Label ?

Label manufacturing is simply the process of Printing and Converting
a) Printing i.e The Process of laying down the ink (graphics)
and
b) Converting is the process of cutting the label to shape

Label Measurement :






Label Materials:Therangeandvarietyoflabelsused,andthemarketsand
applicationsforthem,areincreasinglydiverse.Materialsincludepaperboard,laminates,metallic
foils,paper,plastics,fabric,andsyntheticsubstrates

Quality , Testing & Inspection

a) Visual Inspection Labels should be received and inspected for dimensions
against initial sample or blueprint
b) Print Quality adhering to Pantone Matching System (PMS) color book and
Initial Sample should be inspected
c) If needed , Equipments like Micrometer , Spectrophotometer , Rewinder etc
should be utilized

Common Label Quality Issues

A) Poor Print Quality
a. Signed proof was incorrect
b. Poor Artwork (low resolution)
c. Plate wipe (smearing of ink)
d. Poor color matching
e. Print to Print registration
f. Ink print not fully dried or cured
g. Unreadable barcode
h. Print Drafting (poor registration)
i. Ghosting (shadow)
j. Picking (small dots)
B) Adhesive Issues
a. Poor adhesion to substrate
b. Blocking
c. Adhesive bleed
d. Edge lift (off substrate)
C) Die Cutting Issues
a. Print-to-tooling registration
b.Die cut too deep
c.Poor die strike through stock
d.Wrong Size
e.Perforation , score missing.
D) Other Common Issues
a. Missing Lamination
b. Incorrect facestock material
c. Yellowing

Testing Methods

LABEL CLASSIFICATION
The range and variety of labels used, and the markets and applications for them, are increasingly
diverse. Materials include paperboard, laminates, metallic foils, paper, plastics,fabric, and
synthetic substrates. These, in turn, may be adhesive or nonadhesive. Even then, the range of label
materials can be further subdivided into a variety of different types .

LABELS

NonAdhesive

Adhesive

HeatSensitive

DelayedAction

Instantaneous

InMold

Moistenable

BlowMolded

ParticleGummed

Sleeving

ConventionalGummed
Shrink

InjectionMolded

Stretch

Thermoformed

PressureSensitive

Permanent

GlueApplied

Removable

Conventional

Linerless

Cut&StackFilm

Wraparound

HeatSensitive Labels
There are two basic types of heat-sensitive or heat-seal
labels: instantaneous and delayed-action. In the former,
heat and pressure are applied to the label to fix it
directly on to the product, whereas with delayed action,
applied heat turns the product into a pressure-sensitive
item. No direct heat is applied to the goods; and this
clearly is vital to some products, such as food. Typical
market applications for delayed-action heat sensitive
label papers include pharmaceutical, price/weigh, some
glass-bottle, and rigid or semi rigid plastic container
labelling. Instantaneous materials are used for
applications such as (a) end seals on biscuit or toilet
tissue packs and (b) labels on pleat wrapped articles

GummedPaper Labels
Gummed-paper labels have been declining in usage in recent years and are now limited mainly to
applications such as address labelling for cartons, point-of-sale displays, and any labelling applications
where automation is either difficult or
unnecessary. Two main types of gummed
labels are in use: conventional gummed and
particle gummed.
Conventional gummed labels are those that
are made up of a base support of paper
coated on the reverse side with a film of
water-moistenable gum.
On particle gummed papers, the adhesive is
applied in the form of minute granules. This
avoids problems of curling often associated
with conventional gummed papers. Most of
the newer applications for gummed papers
require the properties of high-tack particle gummed papers, which offer many advantages in terms of
processing efficiency and security of application.

PlainPaper Labels
The conventional wet-glue plain-paper label is widely used, particularly for large-volume items
such as beer, soft drinks, wines, and canned foods, where high label application speeds,
sometimes in excess of 80100,000 labels per hour, are required. Most of the papers used in this
type of labelling are one-sided coated grades, which make up the familiar can and bottle labels,
but a fair volume of uncoated grades is still used. These tend to be limited to special effects, such
as colored papers, embossed papers, or antique laids for wine labels, where particular
characteristics are required

10

Pressu
ure Sensittive Labells
Pressuree sensitive laabels are onee of the morre versatile laabels availabble in the martplace.Pressure
sensitivee labels worrk well with virtually anyy combinatioon of printingg method annd techniquees ,and
almost any
a kind of bottle
b
, tube or jar.Pressure Sensitivee labels lendd themselvess to front or back
applicattions , differeent substratees and finishhes and a variety of die options.This
o
means you can use
dual coaatins , speciaality inks , hoot stamping or laminatioon to help yoour product stand out froom the
crowd.

Pressuree sensitive laabels allow for

f more exaact label appplications andd more efficiient productt runs.
The setuup , clean upp and change over timess for the pressses are typically shorterr which also make
the proccess more effficient.
Self-adhhesive label materials
m
todday range frrom permaneent to removvable adhesiive types as well as
linerlesss types. Perm
manent adheesives are thoose that are required to stay in posittion for a lonng time
or for appplication too surfaces thaat are roundd, irregular, or
o flexible. Because
B
of thhe strong adhesive
grab, the label noormally becoomes damaged or defaceed if attemptts are made to remove itt.
Removaable adhesivees are those that can bee removed affter a specified time withhout damagee to the
surface on which they have beeen applied. Uses
U include short-term food-packag
f
ging applicattions,
point-off-sale or advvertising stickkers, china, and
a ovenwaare, where thhe label shouuld be easy to
remove before use.
EDP labels (those ussed for markking/imprinting variable information));and price-m
marking and
imprinting (which adddresses labbel applicatioons through handheld dispensers annd the wholee range
of imprint technologgy). Split intoo some of thhe main market applicatiion areas, thhis includes
promotional labels, price labels,, functional labels, officee/retail labels, nameplates, stickers, EDP
a prime labels.
labels, and

LINERLE
ESS LABEL
LS
Conveentional self adhesive labels have a release linerr material (oor
backing paper)) that functioons as a carrrier for the laabel and prootects its
adhessive layer unntil it is ready for applicaation. Most label materiaal is
manufactuured with thiis standard liner, howevver Linerless Label Printinng, as
the name suggests,
s
invvolves presssure sensitivee labels thatt have the neeed for
this liner completelyy eliminated.Linerless labbels have a special releaase coating aapplied to thhe face
of the laabel which allows
a
the labels to be wound
w
on a roll
r without the
t adhesivee sticking to the
label beelow it. Elimiinating the liner is a smaarter and greeener solutioon by reducing solid wasste
stream and
a minimizzing silicone in landfills.

11

 Cut &
& Stack Labels
Cut & Stack laabeling is deesigned for eefficiency of
C
application annd is particuularly cost efffective on loong-run,
h
high-volume
e products. Economy
E
is realized in loow
material coosts (minimuum waste), loow total appplied
cost, as well as from high-speed
h
aapplications. These
labels can be produced on a widee variety of
substratess including paper
p
(metalllized and
holographic), film (mettallized and opaque), annd eco
grades. A comprehensi
c
ve range of embellishmeents includinng foil
stampinng, embossinng, striking metallics,
m
stuunning varnish effects, and intricate shapes.

12

In-Mold Labels
In-mold labels are printed on paper or synthetic papers made of polyethylene (PE) or biaxially
oriented polypropylene (BoPP). They are introduced into the container producing mold before the
molten resin is added.The heat of the resin fuses the heat seal layer of the label to the container,
combining label and container to create a sleek,seamless no-label look, as if the graphics were
screened directly on the container.Because they can be produced on high-quality rotogravure or
rotary offset presses, in-mold labels can deliver beautifully sharp and nuanced graphics, far
surpassing the quality of directscreened or dry-offset printing.
In-mold labels are typically used
where a no-label look is desired,
for flexible containers, or for
applications in which pressuresensitive, glue-applied, or heatseal labels could be challenged by
scuffing, freezing
conditions,grease, or solvents such
as cleansers.
In-mold labels are applied during the creation of the package itself, fusing the label to the
container. In the United States, blow molding is the most popular production process, while
injection molding is the dominant technology in Europe.
During the container manufacturing process, a
label is held in place in the mold by vacuum or
electrostatic forces.Hot resin is injected or blown
into the mold, forming the container while fusing
the label into its wall.
In blowmolding applications, the label contains a
heat-activated adhesive. In the injection-molding
process, no adhesive is necessary. In both cases,
the label is integrated into the wall of the
container.The high cost of molds has been a barrier
to the wider adoption of in-mold labeling.
However, many companies appreciate the
opportunity to decorate packages during the
manufacturing process, eliminating the time,
labor,and equipment needed for a separate
labeling step. The look and performance of in-mold
labels also has tremendous appeal.

13

Shrink Sleeves
Shrink sleeves offer full 360-degree graphic space and conform to the shape of nearly any rigid container
when heated. Because of their ability to conform to most contours, shrink sleeves have gained tremendous
popularity on curved bottles and jars, as well as squeezable containers, all of which have traditionally been
very difficult to decorate with conventional labels.
Shrink sleeves are printed, then rolled
and sealed into a tube shape. On the
packaging line, the tube is placed over
the container and sealed in a heat
tunnel, where controlled blasts of hot
air or steam shrink the film onto the
container. Designing graphics for shrink
sleeve labels requires software that
compensates for the shape of the
container. Graphics look distorted as the
sleeve material comes off the press;
when shrunk onto the container, it
appears as the designer planned. Managing shrinkage is therefore of the utmost importance in designing
and applying a shrink sleeve. The process starts with material selection. High-quality film is critical to
obtaining good results, as is selecting film of a material and gauge (thickness) that offers the appropriate
amount of shrinkage.
Shrink sleeves are applied by setting the tubeshaped sleeve around the container and conveying
the sleeve and container through a heat tunnel,
where they are exposed to hot air or steam. The
heat in the tunnel must be set to a temperature at
which the shrink sleeve film shrinks at a controlled
rate in order to ensure that the sleeve covers the
container evenly and conforms to each contour.
Shrink sleeve applicators and heat tunnels often
have to be fine-tunedby adjusting temperature
as well as directing the nozzles or heating
elements inside the tunnelto ensure that proper
application and shrinkage are occurring. In most
cases, the contours of the container and the tight
fit of the film are enough to ensure that a shrink
sleeve will remain in place throughout the
packages useful life. However, for packages
whose shape could allow the sleeve to slip off
for instance, a yogurt cup or a simple jara few
dots of heat-activated adhesive applied on the
inside of the sleeve during the printing process can keep the sleeve in place.

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TRENDS IN LABELS
Peel and Read Labels
Peel and Read labels look identical
to and apply in the same way as
standard self-adhesive labels, but
can be resealed again and again
throughout the life of the product.
Offering multiple printable surfaces
and a hinged retaining edge, these
peel and read labels peel apart
easily from an adhesive free tab.Resealable labels can be produced in
both paper and filmic materials.

Booklet Labels
The term Booklet Label is the symbolic name for all label
constructions designed to expand a product's copy space. The
classic Booklet Label is comprised of a booklet or pamphlet that
is married to a pressure sensitive label. There are many other
names for Booklet Labels: Foldout Labels, Extended Content
Labels, Expanded Content Labels, Expanded Labels, ECLs,
Extended Text Labels, Multi-Panel Labels, Multi-ply Labels, Label
with Pages, and Multi-Page Labels to name a few. Don't be
confused by all the terms. They essentially mean the same thing.
Sometimes people use the term Booklet Label to mean it's a stapled booklet rather than a
pamphlet that folds out.
Pharmaceutical, chemical, and consumerindustrial products companies need booklet
labels to help them add a lot of copy in a small
space. For example, if a company is shipping
overseas, they might want to consolidate all the
country languages into one booklet label. This
reduces cost by eliminating the need to print
separate labels for each language. Chemical
companies use booklet labels widely to fit pages
of government required information and
directions for use.

15

U.K.basedBlueSkies'costsavingRFIDtime
temperaturemonitoringsystemprovidesinstant
accesstodatatoensurethefreshnessoffruit
productsintransit.

HeinzDip&SqueezeKetchupletsconsumersdip
theirfriesinthecuporalternatelysqueeze
ketchupoutthetopofthe'bottle.'Multiple
barriersdoubleshelflifeoverthecompetition.

Forthiscancerandhepatitistreatment,SciClone
PharmaceuticalsturnedtoSchreinerMediPharm's
PharmaComblabeltopreventpackaging
componentreusebycounterfeiters

16

Rotatingdosagelabel:ChildrensAccuDialliquid
OTCmedicationsuseapatentedtwopartlabel
thatcanbetwistedtorevealthecorrectdosage
throughclearwindows.

Looseinsertsslowlinesandcausewaste,butthe
Noscomedslikethisonesolvetheproblemby
attachingthemtothebox.

Printedpolyolefinshrinkfilmprovides360degree
graphicswhilereducingthematerialandcostof
paperboardtraysandsleeves.

CUSTOM LABEL SOLUTIONS

Dual Printed Labels
Dual Printed Labels are basically used in food packaging. Both sides of
the stickers are printed to avoid the plagiarism and to offer the
customers a reliable assistance. To produce these labels, high quality
raw materials are used. These labels contain clear fronts and
innovative back labels that give a dimensional look of the product.
Consumers can see the front label to the image behind that is
improved by the product within.

No Look Labels
No look labels are versatile in reasoning as various films
offers the best option on clear containers or on containers
that can come in a rainbow assortment of colors to make the
product look interesting. The benefit of using these labels
over direct decorating is, these labels facilitates bend of
decorating and printing techniques that helps in improvising
graphic prospects. The assortment of labels lime lights the
products with very transparent film.

Performance Labels
Performance Labels are perfect high performance solutions
are used for labeling various products. The performance
labels offered by us are designed using best grade materials
are finds applications in making General Industrial
Performance Labels, Labels of automotive/aerospace, Labels
automotive/aerospace and medical labels. The assortment of
labels are specially used where high temperature are solvent
resistance is critical.

that
and
of

Traceability labels
Traceability Labels provides an option to take away the specific parts of the
labels and shift to such items as a patients chart or on small jars of the same
medication. A variety of solutions are possible as per the variety of security
levels that are needed and on the size of the container. The removable
operation is a solution for many traceability requirements.

17

Vinyl Labels
Vinyl Labels are extensively used as barcode printing or drum labels
on laser printers. These labels are an excellent choice for outdoor
applications or applications where sturdiness is necessary. This type
of labels are specially designed using vinyl material and the adhesive
is a high quality acrylic permanent adhesive. Known for excellent
design, long lasting finish and attractive colors, these labels are in
conformity with international quality parameters. We make these
labels available in a variety of sizes and designs depending upon
their requirements.

Tamper Evident Labels

Tamper Evident Labels are basically designed as film based or
paper based products that are extensively used for making
sure that product remains safe or indicates a product has been
tampered or opened with. These labels offer tamper resistant
and tamper evident labels particular to your project demands.
With custom label solutions we have high security materials
that dampen the replacement of the product labels. These are
designed to safeguard your property and product integrity as
well as to stop counterfeiting and make sure safety to the
public.

18

Label Industry in India

The Indian label industry is complex,
dynamic and fast growing. Although per
capita consumption of labels in India is
the lowest in any analysed region, it
also has the highest growth rate in the
world at 19%. In India, wet glue labels
although still growing in double digits,
are fast making way for pressure
sensitive and flexible film labels. Barcoded labels are growing by 30-35% in
India
World, India and China label growth trends (fig.1)

57 consumer categories in which labels are

used FMCG (food, beverages,
cosmetics, personal care, home and
hygiene), consumer durables, fabrics and
garments, and two, three and four
wheeled automobiles the geographic
distribution in most categories is highest in
the North, followed by the West and the
South which are neck in neck in most
categories.

Within pressure sensitive labels the use of

transparent and filmic labels is the hot
segment. However the fastest growing
flexible label segment consists of both
wraparound and shrink-wrap labels.
Shrink-wrap labels are the hottest thing in
the Indian packaging market as FMCG
manufacturers use them to cover irregular
shaped rigid containers for all type of
products from shampoos to malt-based
health drinks

19

Samples

20

21


References:

http://ippstar.org/articleDesc.php?MdPoKRnS=NTM=&t=1
http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/food/industry/food_proc_guide_html/chapter_7.htm
http://www.prlog.org/11406323importanceofdifferenttypesofpackaginglabels.html
http://www.packworld.com/gallery/label#
http://www.jhbertrand.com/page/whatisbookletlabel/1.html
http://www.amberley.net/extendedtextlabels.htm
Wiley'sEncyclopediaofPackaging3rdEdition
http://www.zircontech.com/customizedlabels.html
http://www.nzdl.org/gsdlmod?e=d0000000off0fnl2.2000010000direct10
401l11en5020about000100040011100utfZz8
00&a=d&cl=CL1.1&d=HASH014293f8d0af78c65ebf0c2a.7.2

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