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Scientia Agriculturae

www.pscipub.com/SA
E-ISSN: 2310-953X / P-ISSN: 2311-0228
DOI: 10.15192/PSCP.SA.2016.15.3.380386

Sci. Agri.
15 (3), 2016: 380-386
PSCI Publications

Role Of Plant Growth Regulators On Growth And Yield Of


Soybean At Different Stages Of Application
Sonia Khatun1, Tuhin Suvra Roy1, Md. Nazmul Haque1*, Badshah Alamgir2
1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka1207, Bangladesh
2. Department of Biotechnology, Polytechnic Institute of New York University (NYU), New York, USA
*Corresponding Author email: sumon2539@gmail.com
Paper Information

ABSTRACT
Plant growth substances are well-known to improve the source-sink
Received: 3 March, 2016
connection and encourage the translocation of photo-assimilates thereby
helping in effective flower formation, fruit and seed development and
Accepted: 16 June, 2016
ultimately increase the yield of crops. A pot experiment was conducted at
Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during
Published: 20 July, 2016
November, 2013 to March, 2014 in a Randomized Complete Block Design
(RCBD) based on five replications with a view to find out the influence of
different plant growth regulators and their stages of application on the
growth and yield of soybean cv. BARI Soybean-6. Application of plant
growth regulators at different stages of plant showed significant effect on
plant height, number of branches plant -1, chlorophyll content (SPAD
value), average length of internode, dry weight plant -1 and seed yield of
soybean. Results showed that application of GA3 at vegetative stage
produced the tallest plant (61.16 cm) and longest average length of internode
(8.79 cm) and spray at flower initiation stage provided maximum SPAD
value (50.38). Kinetin at vegetative stage gave the highest dry weight (23.68
g plant-1) of soybean. Results also revealed that salicylic acid applied at
flower and pod initiation stage gave the highest number of branches plant-1
(11.00) and seed yield (6.38 g plant-1), compared to other growth regulators.
So salicylic acid acts an important role for increasing soybean yield, when
it was applied at flower and pod initiation stage.
2016 PSCI Publisher All rights reserved.
Key words: Foliar spray, Gibberellic acid, Glycine max (L.) Merr., Kinetin, Salicylic acid

Introduction
Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) ranks first as an oilseed crop of the world. It has a remarkable value in agriculture
as a good supply of high quality plant protein and vegetable oils. Soybean seed contains 40-45% protein, 20-26%
carbohydrate, 20-22% oil and a high amount of Ca, P and vitamins (Rahman et al., 2011). In Bangladesh, about five thousand
hectares of land is under soybean cultivation and annual production is approximately 4 thousand metric tons with an average
yield of 1.5-2.3 t ha-1 (BARI, 2006). However, in farmers field its average yield is much lower due to lack of improved
agricultural practices of which different bioregulators application is an important determinant for better performance of
soybean.
Plant growth regulators when applied in very small quantity influence the plant growth. Several reports indicated that
application of growth regulator improved the plant growth and yield (Hernandez, 1997).
GA3 enlarged length of stem and flower number plant-1 (Lee et al., 1999). GA3 accelerated stem elongation and bud
development (Kabar, 1990). Kinetin increased the fresh weight by increasing stem diameter in morning glory but reduced
shoot length (Chaudhry and Khan, 2000). Salicylic acid is an endogenous signaling molecule and it has several functions,
particularly the suppression of germination and growth, intervention with root absorption, reduced leaf abscission and
transpiration (Ashraf et al., 2010; Hayat et al., 2010). Application of salicylic acid also significantly increased root dry weight.
Salicylic acid application to soybean and corn promoted dry weight and leaf area of plants (Khan et al., 2003). The use of
growth regulators is becoming popular to increase crop yield and varieties of such substances are available in the market which
is being utilized for crop production. Therefore, keeping in view the importance of different growth regulators in increasing
crop growth and yield, a study was carried out to compare the effect of GA3, salicylic acid and kinetin on the growth and yield
of soybean.

Sci. Agri. 15 (3), 2016: 380-386

Materials And Methods


Site description
The experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period
from November 7, 2013 to March 23, 2014 in Rabi season which was situated at 2346 N latitude and 9023 E longitude at an
altitude of 8.45 meter above the sea level. The soil of the experimental site was sandy loam with pH and cation exchange
capacity 5.6 and 2.64 meq/100 g soil, respectively. The experimental site is under subtropical humid climatic conditions and
the weather condition during the experiment is presented in table 1.
Experimental treatments
The experiment was consisted of four plant growth regulators viz., Control (water) (H0), Salicylic acid @ 50 ppm
(H1), Gibberellic acid (GA3) @ 100 ppm (H2), Kinetin @ 500 ppm (H3) and four stages of application i.e., vegetative stage (S1)
at 25 Days after sowing (DAS), flower initiation stage (S2) at 40 DAS, pod initiation stage (S3) at 50 DAS and flower + pod
initiation stage (S4) at 40 and 50 DAS.
Planting materials, design and plot size
The variety BARI soybean-6 was used as the test crops. The two factors experiment was arranged in Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five replications and comprised of 80 unit pots. The size of each pot was 9.5 inch in
diameter and 10.5 inch in height.
Preparation of the pots
The experimental pots were first filled with 10 kg soil. Potted soil was brought into desirable fine tilth by hand
mixing. The stubble and weeds were removed from the soil and then cowdung was mixed. The final pot preparation was done
on 07 November, 2013. The soil was treated with insecticides (cinocarb 3G @ 4 kg ha-1) at the time of final pot preparation to
protect young plants from the attack of soil inhibiting insects such as cutworm and mole cricket.
Fertilizer application and sowing of seeds in the pot
Urea, Triple super phosphate (TSP), Muriate of potash (MoP), gypsum, boric acid and molybdenum were used as a
source of nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, sulphur, boron and molybdenum, respectively. The fertilizers urea, TSP, MoP,
gypsum, boric acid and molybdenum were applied at the rate of 42, 105, 72, 57.5, 0.025 and 0.013 g pot-1, respectively
following the Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI) recommendation (BARI, 2011). All of the fertilizers were
applied during the final pot preparation. BARI Soybean-6 seeds were sown in the pots at a depth of 2-3 cm. During seed
sowing 0.5 g Bavistin were mixed with seeds.
Preparation and application of plant growth regulators
Gibberellins and Kinetin solution made by dissolved in NaOH in 20 mg and then mixed with 500 ml water. Salicylic
acid was dissolved in ethanol for preparation of solution. Plant growth regulators were foliar sprayed as per treatment. Salicylic
acid @ 50 ppm, Gibberellic Acid (GA3) @ 100 ppm, Kinetin (kinetin puriss CHR: 6-Furfurylaminopurine, C10H5OH) @ 500
ppm and water were applied as per treatments of the different stages of application by a mini hand sprayer.
Chlorophyll content (SPAD value)
Chlorophyll content of leaves was measured at an interval of 15 days starting from 30 DAS till harvest. Mature leaves
were measured all time. Three mature plant of each pot were measured by using portable chlorophyll Meter (SPAD -502,
Minolta, japan) and calculated an average SPAD value for each pot each sampling time. The chlorophyll meter Soil plant
Analysis Development (SPAD-502) is a simple and portable diagnostic tool that measures the greenness or the relative
chlorophyll concentration of leaves (Kariya et al., 1982; Torres-netto et al., 2005). It provides instantaneous and nondestructive readings on plants based on the quantification of the intensity of absorbed light by the tissue sample using a red
LED (wave length peak is ~650nm) as a source. An infrared LED, with a central wavelength emission of approximately 940
nm, acts simultaneously with the red LED to compensate for the leaf thickness (Minolta camera Co. Ltd., 1989).
Average length of internode
Average length of internode was calculated by using the following formula:
Plant height
Average length of internode =
Number of nodes

381

Sci. Agri. 15 (3), 2016: 380-386

Statistical analysis
Collected data on different parameters were statistically analyzed by using MSTAT-C (Russel, 1994) program and
mean differences among the treatments were compared by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test at 5% level of probability.
Table 1. Weather data of the experimental site during the period from November, 2013 to March, 2014
Year

2013
2014

Month
November
December
January
February
March

Mean temperature (C )
Maximum
Minimum
28.1
6.88
25.36
5.21
21.17
15.46
24.30
19.12
29.78
22.37

Mean relative humidity


(%)
58.18
54.3
64.02
53.07
49.25

Mean rainfall (mm)


0.52
0.63
0.00
2.34
0.12

Results And Discussion


Plant height
Different plant growth regulators and stages of application exposed significant variation in plant height at different
days after sowing (DAS) except 75 DAS (Table 2). Plant height increased with increasing its growing period up to 90 DAS but
at harvest it slightly decreased. At 45, 60, 90 DAS and at harvest, the tallest plant (38.00, 55.64, 61.16 and 59.84 cm,
respectively) was recorded from GA3 sprayed at vegetative stage which was statistically similar with GA3 application at flower
+ pod initiation stage. The shortest plant (24.40 and 45.38 cm) was observed from GA3 spray at flower initiation stage at 45
and 60 DAS. The application of kinetin at flower + pod initiation stage produced the shortest plant (48.50, 44.74 cm,
respectively) at 90 DAS and at harvest. Similar results were observed by Mislevy et al. (1989) who found that, application of
GA3 (100 ppm) increased the plant height 34.85% over control. It might be due to the effect of GA3 on the cell division and
cell enlargement, and also stimulated the growth and expansion of cells through increasing the plasticity of cell walls. Khalil
and Mandurah (1989) found that kinetin generally decreased the plant height. In our experiment, plant height also decreased by
the foliar application of kinetin compared to that of GA3 but little bit increased compared to control.
Table 2. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the plant height of soybean
Plant growth
regulator
Control (water)

Salicylic
50 ppm

acid

GA3 100 ppm

Kinetin
ppm

LSD(0.05)

500

Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)

Plant height(cm) at different days after sowing


30
45
60
17.44 a
28.40 cd
48.44 c

75
51.32

90
52.38 bc

At harvest
48.20 bc

14.74 bc

27.40 cd

49.04 c

50.02

51.62 bc

50.64 bc

14.72 bc
14.62 bc

28.00 cd
27.60 cd

53.30 c
47.82 c

55.74
49.42

59.42 b
51.96 bc

55.70 bc
51.30 bc

15.86 a-c

27.80 cd

47.76 c

49.66

52.14 bc

53.78 bc

14.60 bc

30.00 cd

50.40 c

52.40

55.62 bc

54.34 b

14.00 c
14.64 bc

24.60 cd
29.60 cd

47.46 c
45.82 c

50.86
48.86

53.78 bc
56.28 bc

53.54 bc
52.30 bc

14.90 bc

38.00 a

55.64 a

59.24

61.46 a

59.84 a

14.70 bc

24.40 d

45.38 c

53.44

60.00 b

54.86 bc

16.48 ab
15.26 a-c

37.00 b
31.00 bc

54.28 c
54.28 b

58.00
50.02

58.34 bc
59.46 b

52.94 bc
53.84 a

14.92 bc

26.20 cd

53.60 c

52.24

59.36 b

58.84 b

16.12 a-c

30.20 cd

46.04 c

50.18

54.64 bc

51.66 bc

15.22 bc
14.50 bc

26.00 cd
28.80 cd

50.96 c
47.60 c

51.66
50.38

52.62 bc
48.50 c

58.28 b
44.74 c

2.186

6.507

9.862

ns

10.30

11.76

ns: non-significant
In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.

382

Sci. Agri. 15 (3), 2016: 380-386


Number of branches plant-1
Number of branches plant-1 varied significantly due to different plant growth regulators and stages of application at
different DAS (Table 3). At 45 DAS, the salicylic acid and kinetin spray at flower initiation stage produced the highest number
of branches (6.00) which was statistically similar with kinetin when applied at pod initiation stage, flower + pod initiation
stage, GA3 when sprayed at vegetative and pod initiation stage whereas, the lowest (3.80) was obtained from the application of
salicylic at vegetative stage. At 60 DAS, the maximum number of branches (6.80) was produced from kinetin when applied at
flower initiation stage which was statistically at par with kinetin at flower + pod, pod initiation stage, GA3 spray at pod
initiation stage whereas, the minimum (3.84) was obtained from salicylic acid when sprayed at vegetative stage. At 75 DAS,
the highest branch number (7.60) was recorded from kinetin when applied at flower initiation stage which was statistically
similar with kinetin at flower + pod initiation stage and the lowest (4.20) was observed from salicylic acid spray at vegetative
stage. At 90 DAS, the maximum number of branches (9.80) was found from kinetin when applied at pod initiation stage which
was statistically at par with GA3 spray at flower + pod initiation stage whereas, the minimum (6.20) was recorded from water
spray at pod initiation stage. At harvest, the highest number of branches (11.00) was recorded from application of salicylic acid
at flower + pod initiation stage which was statistically similar with salicylic acid with pod initiation stage, kinetin when
applied at flower, pod, flower + pod initiation stage whereas, the lowest (7.00) was calculated from water when sprayed at
flower initiation stage. Fathy et al. (2003) stated that foliar application of salicylic acid increased the branch number plant-1.
Table 3. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the number of branches plant -1 of soybean
Plant growth
regulator
Control
(water)

Salicylic acid
50 ppm

GA3 100 ppm

Kinetin
ppm

LSD(0.05)

500

Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and
50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage
(40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage
(50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)

Number of branches plant-1 at


45 DAS
60 DAS
5.40 ab
5.60 ab

75 DAS
6.80 a-c

90 DAS
7.40 a-d

Harvest
9.00 a-c

4.40 ab

5.00 ab

5.60 b-e

7.00 b-d

7.00 c

5.00 ab

5.60 ab

6.00 a-e

6.20 d

9.00 a-c

4.80 ab

5.40 ab

5.20 c-e

7.40 a-d

8.80 a-c

3.80 b

3.80 b

4.20 e

7.20 b-d

7.60 bc

6.00 a

5.20 ab

5.60 b-e

6.80 cd

8.80 a-c

4.80 ab

5.00 ab

4.80 de

9.00 a-c

9.80 ab

5.20 ab

5.60 ab

6.20 a-d

7.80 a-d

11.00 a

5.80 ab

6.00 ab

6.60 a-d

9.00 a-c

8.20 bc

5.20 ab

6.00 ab

5.00 c-e

8.40 a-d

8.60 bc

5.80 ab

6.40 a

6.80 a-c

8.20 a-d

8.20 bc

5.40 ab

5.80 ab

5.80 a-e

9.40 ab

8.60 bc

3.80 b

4.80 ab

5.80 a-e

8.00 a-d

8.60 bc

6.00 a

6.80 a

7.60 a

9.00 a-c

8.60 bc

4.60 ab

6.40 a

6.20 a-d

9.80 a

9.40 ab

4.60 ab

6.40 a

7.40 ab

7.60 a-d

9.40 ab

1.998

2.416

2.305

2.055

2.459

In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.

Chlorophyll content (SPAD value)


Different plant growth regulators and stages of application showed significant variation in case of chlorophyll
content of soybean leaf at different DAS (Table 4). At 30 DAS, the highest chlorophyll content (27.26) was recorded from
kinetin when applied at flower initiation stage which was statistically similar with kinetin spray at pod initiation stage whereas,
the lowest (20.96) was found from salicylic acid when sprayed at flower + pod initiation stage. At 45 DAS, the highest SPAD
value (34.08) was obtained from GA3 application at flower initiation stage which was statistically at par with water spray at
vegetative, flower, pod and flower + pod initiation stage whereas, the minimum (25.60) was observed from salicylic acid when
applied at pod initiation stage. At 60 DAS, the maximum chlorophyll content (50.36) was obtained from GA3 when sprayed at
383

Sci. Agri. 15 (3), 2016: 380-386

flower initiation stage which was statistically similar with salicylic acid when applied at pod and flower + pod initiation stage
whereas, the minimum (40.56) was recorded from kinetin when applied at vegetative stage. At 75 DAS, the highest
chlorophyll content (46.64) was obtained from salicylic acid with pod initiation stage which was statistically at par with water
spray at flower + pod initiation stage, GA3 with flower initiation stage and kinetin with flower + pod initiation stage whereas,
the lowest (33.78) was found from GA3 when sprayed at flower + pod initiation stage. Abdel-Wahid et al. (2008) reported that
chlorophyll content increased in Syngonium pod phyllum plant with the application of salicylic acid. It might be due to the
reduction in cell size resulting in dense cytoplasm. Chlorophyllase enzyme was responsible for chlorophyll growth retardant
which enhanced the chlorophyll content. From photo-oxidation application of salicylic acid protected the molecule of
chlorophyll and thereby increased chlorophyll content.
Table 4. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the chlorophyll content of soybean leaf
Plant
growth
regulator
Control (water)

Salicylic
50 ppm

acid

GA3 100 ppm

Kinetin
ppm

LSD(0.05)

500

Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and 50
DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)

Chlorophyll content (SPAD value) at


30 DAS
45 DAS
25.48 a-c
32.50 a

60 DAS
47.58 a-d

75 DAS
41.22 a-c

24.62 a-c
21.42 bc
21.90 bc

32.20 a
31.54 a
32.06 a

44.12 a-d
44.66 a-d
46.78 a-d

40.70 a-c
40.60 a-c
43.34 ab

22.62 a-c

32.78 a

43.08 b-d

39.30 b-d

22.60 a-c
22.96 a-c
20.96 c

29.52 ab
25.60 b
31.32 ab

45.68 a-d
50.36 a
49.44 ab

42.50 a-c
46.64 a
44.58 ab

23.58 a-c

30.32 ab

40.70 cd

36.38 cd

21.92 bc
24.32 a-c
24.46 a-c

34.08 a
30.86 ab
33.64 a

50.38 a
47.60 a-d
44.04 a-d

46.54 a
39.30 b-d
33.78 d

22.36 a-c

32.04 a

40.56 d

36.26 cd

27.26 a
26.10 ab
24.02 a-c

33.22 a
31.00 ab
32.64 a

44.68 a-d
47.66 a-c
43.70 a-d

42.20 a-c
44.22 ab
39.30 b-d

5.081

5.939

7.086

6.274

In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.

Average length of internode


Average length of internode of soybean had significant effect due to different plant growth regulators and different
stages of application at different DAS (Table 5). At 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, the maximum average length of internode (6.07, 7.08,
7.74, 8.79 cm) was recorded from GA3 when applied at vegetative stage and the minimum (2.95, 3.87, 4.30, 5.17 cm) was
obtained from salicylic with pod initiation stage, kinetin with flower initiation stage, pod initiation stage and at pod initiation
stage, respectively. Rai et al. (2006) reported that GA3 maintained significantly higher internode length and the minimum
length was recorded in control treatment at last picking. Similar results were found by Naeem et al. (2004). These results are
supported by the findings of Kof et al. (1998) and Rai et al. (2006). These results are in agreement with the findings of our
research. GA3 played an important role in increased internode length which might be due to cell division and cell elongation.
Dry weight plant-1
Different plant growth regulators and stages of application exerted significant effect on dry weight plant -1 of soybean
at different DAS (Table 6). At 30 DAS, the highest dry weight plant -1 (0.67 g) was obtained from salicylic acid when applied
at vegetative stage which was statistically similar with water spray at vegetative stage and the minimum (0.39) was recorded
from salicylic acid when applied at flower + pod initiation stage. At 60 DAS, the maximum dry weight plant -1 (2.86 g) was
obtained from water when applied at flower + pod initiation stage which was statistically at par with water spray at vegetative
and flower stage, salicylic and kinetin spray at flower initiation stage whereas, the minimum (1.43 g) was recorded from
salicylic acid when applied at vegetative stage. At 90 DAS, the highest dry weight plant-1 (10.05 g) was obtained from kinetin
when applied at flower + pod initiation stage and the lowest (4.75 g) was recorded from water when applied at flower + pod
initiation stage. At harvest, the maximum dry weight plant-1 (23.68 g) was obtained from kinetin when applied at vegetative
stage which was statistically similar with salicylic spray at flower + pod initiation stage, kinetin at flower initiation stage and
the minimum (12.65 g) was recorded from salicylic acid when applied at flower + pod initiation stage. Khalil and Mandurah
384

Sci. Agri. 15 (3), 2016: 380-386

(1989) observed that kinetin application increased the branch number and leaves of soybean which ultimately increased the
shoot dry weight. It might be due to kinetin increase the absorption to water and nutrient, activate the photosynthesis process,
increase the metabolism of this nutrition by plant and movement to the fruits, increase the growth and storage as dry weight
which finally leads to increase the dry weight.
Table 5. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the average length of internode of soybean
Plant growth
regulator
Control
(water)

Salicylic acid
50 ppm

GA3 100 ppm

Kinetin
ppm

500

Stages of application

Average length of internode (cm) at


30 DAS
45 DAS
60 DAS
3.67 b-d
4.61 cd
5.12 b
3.22 cd
4.24 cd
4.70 b
3.31 cd
4.46 cd
5.08 b
3.57 b-d
4.15 cd
5.05 b
3.58 b-d
4.56 cd
5.03 b
3.52 b-d
4.73 cd
5.47 b
2.95 d
4.27 cd
5.28 b
3.69 bc
4.25 cd
4.48 b
6.07 a
7.08 a
7.74 a
3.19 cd
4.54 cd
4.85 b
3.78 bc
4.30 cd
5.19 b
4.21 b
5.81 b
6.97 a
3.27 cd
5.03bc
5.22 b
3.54 bd
3.87 d
4.72 b
3.06 cd
4.41cd
4.30 b
3.73 bc
4.27 cd
4.67 b
0.722
0.992
1.358

Vegetative stage (25 DAS)


Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage (25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage (25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage (25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40 DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50 DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage (40 and 50 DAS)

LSD(0.05)

75 DAS
6.05 c
5.63 c
6.65 bc
6.09 c
5.59 c
6.15 c
6.67 bc
5.03 c
8.79 a
5.41 c
5.81 c
8.17 ab
5.37 c
5.39 c
5.17 c
5.63 c
1.744

In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.
Table 6. Effect of different plant growth regulators and stages of application on the dry weight plant-1 at different DAS and seed yield of
soybean
Plant growth
regulator
Control
(water)

Salicylic acid
50 ppm

GA3 100 ppm

Kinetin
ppm

LSD(0.05)

500

Stages of application
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)
Vegetative stage
(25 DAS)
Flower initiation stage (40
DAS)
Pod initiation stage (50
DAS)
Flower +Pod initiation stage
(40 and 50 DAS)

Dry weight plant-1 (g) at


30 DAS
60 DAS
0.61 ab
2.03 ab

90 DAS
6.75 c-e

Harvest
13.07 cd

Seed yield
(g plant-1)
1.87 c

0.54 a-e

2.15 ab

6.44 de

14.88 b-d

1.83 c

0.53 a-e

1.83 b

5.94 ef

16.88b-d

2.90 bc

0.51 a-e

2.86 a

4.75 g

14.40 b-d

2.92 bc

0.67 a

1.43 b

5.94 ef

14.25 b-d

3.30 bc

0.50 a-e

2.26 ab

7.26 cd

16.94 b-d

3.58 bc

0.51 a-e

1.51 b

7.33 cd

17.15 b-d

3.21 bc

0.39 e

1.88 b

5.47 fg

12.65d

6.38 a

0.43 c-e

1.78 b

7.20 cd

17.70bc

4.52 a-c

0.60 a-c

1.50 b

6.45 de

17.62 b-d

2.48 bc

0.57 a-d

1.87 b

7.61 bc

17.09 b-d

2.16 bc

0.50 a-e

2.04 ab

7.25 cd

23.49 a

4.92 ab

0.54 a-e

1.68 b

6.74 ce

23.68 a

4.50 a-c

0.53 a-e

1.93 ab

8.33 b

19.10 ab

4.70 ab

0.40 de

1.68 b

10.05 a

18.95 ab

3.21 bc

0.48 b-e

1.91 b

7.65 bc

17.86 bc

3.93 a-c

0.17

0.92

0.92

5.02

1.402

In a column, values with different letter(s) differed significantly at 5% level as per LSD.

385

Sci. Agri. 15 (3), 2016: 380-386


Seed yield (g plant-1)
Yield obviously is the ultimate goal in growing any crop. Thus, the economic importance of plant growth regulators is
largely depends on their ability to increase the crop yields. Different plant growth regulators and stages of application had
significant influence on seed yield of soybean (Table 6). The highest seed yield (6.38 g plant -1) was obtained from application
of salicylic acid at flower + pod initiation stage which was statistically similar with GA3 spray at flower + pod initiation stage,
vegetative stage and kinetin application at vegetative, flower, flower + pod initiation stage whereas, the lowest (1.83 g plant-1)
was recorded from water spray at flower initiation stage which was statistically at par with water spray at vegetative stage.
Kumar et al. (1999) reported that salicylic acid application as foliar spray enhanced soybean yield. Similar results were found
by Hayat et al. (2005). Devi et al. (2011) observed that application of 50 ppm salicylic acid at flower+ pod initiation stage
increased the soybean yield. These findings also correlate the above mentioned findings. It might be due to increased uptake of
plant growth regulators through effective translocation from sink to reproductive area of soybean enhanced yield attributes like
number of pods plant-1, number of seeds pod-1 which finally increased the yield.
Conclusion
Application of plant growth regulators at different stages plays an important role in soybean growth and yield.
Salicylic acid, GA3 and kinetin increased the seed yield 73, 47 and 71 %, respectively over control. Although GA3 and kinetin
showed better growth performance of soybean, but yield is the ultimate goal of cultivating any crop. From the above results
and discussion it may be concluded that, application of salicylic acid at flower + pod initiation stage would be promising
practice for soybean yield.
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