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Earth Science, 13e (Tarbuck)

Chapter 24 Beyond Our Solar System


1) One of the most common units used to express stellar distance is the ________.
A) mile
B) meter
C) light-year
D) kilometer
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 6.1 Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles in the Earth System
Bloom's: Remembering
2) The measure of a star's brightness is called its ________.
A) parallax
B) color
C) magnitude
D) intensity
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 6.1 Glaciers: A Part of Two Basic Cycles in the Earth System
Bloom's: Remembering
3) Which one of the objects listed below has the largest size?
A) globular clusters
B) galaxies
C) stars
D) nebula
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.6 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters
Bloom's: Remembering
4) Our galaxy is called the ________.
A) Milky Way galaxy
B) Panorama galaxy
C) Orion galaxy
D) Pleiades galaxy
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.6 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

5) Which color stars have the highest surface temperature?


A) red
B) orange
C) yellow
D) blue
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering
6) Which color stars have the coolest surface temperature?
A) red
B) orange
C) yellow
D) blue
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering
7) Which main-sequence stars are the most massive?
A) red
B) orange
C) yellow
D) blue
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering
8) Which main-sequence stars are the least massive?
A) red
B) orange
C) yellow
D) blue
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

9) The most dense stars known to exist are ________.


A) black holes
B) neutron stars
C) white dwarfs
D) red dwarfs
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering
10) These stars are produced during a supernova event.
A) black hole
B) main-sequence star
C) red giant
D) white dwarf
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering
11) A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull at its surface is
called a ________.
A) black hole
B) main-sequence star
C) red giant
D) white dwarf
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.5 Stellar Remnants
Bloom's: Remembering
12) The Sun belongs to this class of stars.
A) black hole
B) main-sequence star
C) red giant
D) white dwarf
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

13) The point in stellar evolution when a star has used up all its fuel and is radiating away its
remaining thermal energy as light is the ________ stage.
A) black hole
B) main-sequence star
C) red giant
D) white dwarf
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.5 Stellar Remnants
Bloom's: Remembering
14) Most stars are in this stage of evolution.
A) black hole
B) main-sequence star
C) red giant
D) white dwarf
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Remembering
15) The final stage for a star which is as massive as the Sun is a ________.
A) black hole
B) main-sequence star
C) red giant
D) white dwarf
Answer: D
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.5 Stellar Remnants
Bloom's: Remembering
16) When a main-sequence star has exhausted the fuel in the inner region, it becomes a
________.
A) black hole
B) main-sequence star
C) red giant
D) black dwarf
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

17) Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their
________.
A) distance
B) orientation
C) volume
D) mass
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.7 The Big Bang Theory
Bloom's: Remembering
18) The discovery that the universe appears to be expanding led to a widely accepted theory
called ________.
A) the Big Bang
B) Hubble's Law
C) Einstein's Law
D) the Doppler effect
Answer: A
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.7 The Big Bang Theory
Bloom's: Remembering
19) Based on the observed red shifts in the spectral lines of distant galaxies, astronomers
conclude that ________.
A) Earth is in the center of the universe
B) the universe is contracting
C) the universe is expanding
D) the universe is in a steady state
Answer: C
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.7 The Big Bang Theory
Bloom's: Remembering
Word Analysis. Examine the words and/or phrases for each question below and determine the
relationship among the majority of words/phrases. Choose the option which does not fit the
pattern.
20) magnitude
color
Answer: composition
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.1 The Universe
Bloom's: Analyzing

temperature

composition

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

21) Red Giant


neutron star
Answer: neutron star
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Analyzing

main sequence

22) neutron star


supernova
Answer: white dwarf
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Analyzing

white dwarf

Red Supergiants

black hole

23) Stars with a surface temperature 3000 K appear red in color.


Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Analyzing
24) The larger the magnitude number, the brighter will be the star.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Analyzing
25) Stars having the same surface temperature radiate the same amount of energy per unit area.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Analyzing
26) The Sun is considered an average star.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Analyzing
27) The hottest main-sequence stars are also the most massive.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Analyzing
28) Cool stars evolve much more quickly than do hot stars.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Analyzing
6

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29) Stars spend most of their life span as giants.


Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Analyzing
30) Most galaxies in the universe are moving away from us.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.6 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters
Bloom's: Analyzing
31) The red shift refers to the tendency of stars to cool and become red in color.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.7 The Big Bang Theory
Bloom's: Analyzing
32) Stars spend most of their life span as main-sequence stars.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Analyzing
33) The measure of a star's brightness is called its magnitude.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Analyzing
34) The least massive main-sequence stars are blue in color.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Analyzing
35) The final stage in the evolution of a star like our Sun is a neutron star.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Analyzing
36) Our galaxy is called the Milky Way.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.6 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters
Bloom's: Analyzing
7

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

37) The greatest number of galaxies belong to the type known as elliptical galaxies.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.6 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters
Bloom's: Analyzing
38) The most dense objects are known are black holes.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.5 Stellar Remnants
Bloom's: Analyzing
39) The Milky Way is classified as a spiral galaxy.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.6 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters
Bloom's: Analyzing
40) The "true" brightness of a star is called its ________ magnitude.
Answer: absolute
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.1 The Universe
Bloom's: Remembering
41) What is the name of the theory which states that the universe is expanding?
Answer: Big Bang
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.7 The Big Bang Theory
Bloom's: Remembering
42) The distance light travels in a year, called a(n) ________, is used by astronomers to measure
stellar distances.
Answer: light year
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.1 The Universe
Bloom's: Remembering
43) Very large red stars, such as Betelgeuse in the constellation Orion, are called ________.
Answer: supergiants
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.3 Classifying Stars: Hertzsprung-Russell Diagrams (H-R Diagrams)
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

44) Possibly the most cataclysmic event associated with the death of a star is the ________.
Answer: supernova
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering
45) The name applied to large quantities of interstellar dust and gas is ________.
Answer: nebula
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Remembering
46) Most galaxies are of this type.
Answer: elliptical
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.6 Galaxies and Galactic Clusters
Bloom's: Remembering
47) A star in which light cannot escape because of the immense gravitational pull is called a(n)
________.
Answer: black hole
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.5 Stellar Remnants
Bloom's: Remembering
48) Hubble's law states that galaxies are receding from us at a speed that is proportional to their
________.
Answer: distance
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.7 The Big Bang Theory
Bloom's: Remembering
49) Stars that are composed of matter in which electrons have combined with protons are called
________ stars.
Answer: neutron
Diff: 1
Topic: 24.5 Stellar Remnants
Bloom's: Remembering

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

Critical Thinking and Discussion. Use complete sentences, correct spelling, and the
information presented in Chapter 24 to answer the questions below.
50) Briefly discuss stellar evolution. What forces are opposing one another throughout the life of
a star and how do they influence the various stages in the life cycle of a star?
Answer: Stars form when dense pockets of molecular clouds condense. Gravity and explosion
from fusion oppose each other, and in the beginning, gravity is the overriding factor, though as
the star burns out, an explosion takes over at the late stage of the star's life.
Diff: 2
Topic: 24.4 Stellar Evolution
Bloom's: Remembering and Understanding
51) How do we calculate or determine the distances to stars? What units do we use and what are
the limitations (if any) of the method used for such calculations?
Answer: The method of measuring distance to stars beyond 100 light-years is to use Cepheid
variable stars. These stars change in brightness over time, which allows astronomers to figure out
the true brightness. Comparing the apparent brightness of the star to the true brightness allows
the astronomer to calculate the distance to the star.
Diff: 2
Topic: 24.7 The Big Bang Theory
Bloom's: Understanding and Remembering and Applying

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Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

52) Label the Giant and Supergiant stars, the Main Sequence stars, and the White dwarf stars on
the H-R diagram below.

Answer: See Figure 24.7 in Earth Science, 13e.


Diff: 1
Topic: 24.2 Interstellar Matter: Nursery of the Stars
Bloom's: Analyzing and Applying

11

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

53) Briefly explain the sequence of events that are illustrated in Figure 24.11 below.

Diff: 3
Topic: 24.5 Stellar Remnants
Bloom's: Analyzing and Applying

12

Copyright 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

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