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http://osp.mans.edu.eg/tahany/regulators1.htm
Regulators
Types of Regulators
Hydraulic Design
Structural Design
Floor Design
Detailed Drawings
Example
Classification of Regulators:
I According to purpose:
12345-
Regulation of Discharge Q
Regulation of Water slopes (and velocity)
Measurement of Discharge Q
Division or Diversion of Discharge
Change in bed slope
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II According to location
1234-
III
Head Regulator
Intermediate Regulator
Escape Regulator
Diversion Regulator
Location of regulators
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In North Egypt:
10 cm/km
In South Egypt:
12 cm/km
In the Fayum Province: ~ 2.0 m/ km
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Type of Regulator
Span (width) of
Water Velocity
(According to size)
through Regulator
Small
Moderate
Big
Barrages on Rivers
1-2
2<span<4
4<span<5
5<span to 8 & more
Vent (m/sec)
1.0 m/sec
1.25 1.50 m/sec
1.50 2.0 m/sec
2.0 2.5 m/sec
= 8m
= 6m
Edfina Barrages
= 8m
= 12 m
Principles of Design
i)
Hydraulic Design
To get the area of water way
Discharge is considered for fully opened
Regulator
Determination of heading up
Check the velocity through regulator vents
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ii)
Floor design
To determine the floor length
To cover the floor length by regulator floor
To check the percolation length
To determine the floor thickness
To make adequate precautions against
undesired percolation
then;
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and
Then,
Check again the value of velocity through regulator to be within the safe limits; Vactual
Check the heading-up caused by the contraction due to regulator vents; hL
Heading UP =
Where c is the coefficient due to contraction & has the values
c. = 0.72
S < 2.0 m
= 0.82
2 S 4.0 M
= 0.92
S > 4.0 m
Pier thickness; tp
For pl. concrete piers
For RC piers
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Where:
V a = water velocity at US canal
a. = canal cross sectional area at US of regulator
A = area of regulator vents
, = diversion angle from US flow direction
=90,
cos
=1
cos
=0
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Pu
PD
PL
Water pressure in lateral direction when one vent is closed for repair
PW
W1
W2
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W3
Piers
Effective Length of Pl. C. or masonry Pier Leff.
= Part between US &DS emergency grooves
Effective Length of RC Pier Leff.
= Whole length except curved parts
or
0.4 * 0.4m
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Stability of Piers
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Road Bridges
Depend on class & importance of road
Road bridge: consists either of RC slab; of slab & main girders or of slab, main & cross girders, depending on the
span width
Wearing surface = 2.2 t/ m3
R.C.
= 2.5 t/ m3
Cont. Bridges
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Gates
1 Butcher type:
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Operated by an operating wheel and a system of gears. One wheel serves more than one gate (up to 3 gates)
3 Radial gates
Segmental gates
Sector gates
Drum gates
Lifting devices
- Gates are suspended by chains
- Gates are raised or lowered by: a winch or a gantry
- Load transmitted to pier: own wt. of winch and crane
own wt. of gate
friction forces
transmitted dynamic forces
15 HWL
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Steel Gates
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S 3.0 3.50 m
Operates 2 to 3 gates with one common winch
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S 1.0 m
tplate = 6 mm thick
S 8.0 m
S = (12 20) m
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Section modulus
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and
Segmental Gates
A = gate area m2
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r = radius of pivot
f = friction coefficient.
Sector Gates
Drum Gates
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EXAMPLE
A head regulator , is constructed across a branch canal according to the following data:
Main canal
branch canal
HWL
(14.10)
(13.60)
LWL
(13.30)
(12.90)
(10.60)
(11.00)
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Width of bridge
8 m
16 & 14 m
1:1
it is required to :
1) Make hydraulic design of the regulator .
2) Design the floor of the regulator using lane theory ( C L = 10 )
3)Draw and calculate the case of loading to check the stability of the pier in the transverse direction (DL = 3 t/g &
LL = 5 t/g)
4) Design the gate thickness of the regulator
SOLUTION
1)
VC = 25 /Abc
Abc = 14 * 2.6 + (2.6)2 * 1 =
VC = .57 m/s
assume Vr = (2-3) VC =
Ar = 25 / 1.2 = 20.83
Assume n =2
= n * S * 2.6
that S = 4 m
43.16 m2
= 4/4 = 1
safe
( minimum tp = 1m )
L = n * S + (n-1) tp = 2 * 4 + 1 * 1 =
.6 (14)
C = .92
hl = (.73)2/(2*9.8*(.92)2)
{ (68.25)*.5/(2*4*2.6) }2
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LL = CL * HD = 10 * 3.10 = 31 m
Assume L1 = 6 m & L2 = 10 + 3 + 2 (1/2+.5) = 15 m
LS = CS (HS).5
CS = 10
&
HS = 2.3
&
LS = 15.2 m
Assume t2 = 2 m
L\ = (6 + 15 +15.2) * 1/3 + 2 * 2 = 16 m
d = ( 31 16 )/ 2 = 7.5 m
and DS apron
t2 = 1.3 * 1.38/1.2
= 1.5 m
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t3 = t2 /2 = .75 take t3 = 1 m
t3 = 1 = 1.3 h3/1.2
h3 = .92 m
X = 21 m
3)Draw the case of loading to check the stability of the pier in the
transverse direction (Mx)
Where
Mx = P1 *( hw/3)* Le + 4 * 5 * (tp/4)
Le = 8 +2 = 10 m
&
tp = 1.25 m
hp = 14.10 11 + .5 = 3.6 m
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Ix = 10 * (1.25)3/12 = 1.62
&
y = 1.25/2 = .625
Where
a = .4 (hw+.25)
b = (S+.4)/2
ts = t + 2 mm for corrosion
hw = 14.1 11 = 3.1
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S + .4 = 4 + .4 = 4.4
a = .4 * 3.35 = 1.34
t = 8.44 + 2 mm = 12 mm
take tg = 12 mm
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