PREFACE

Dear Students,
Since it started in the year 1946, NIE is promoting excellence
in education through highly qualified faculty members and
modern infrastructure. The Board of Directors believes in
continuous improvement in delivery of technical education.
Thanks to Karnataka government that designed and
developed a seamless admission process through CET,
many highly meritorious pre-university passed students are
joining NIE, which has become a brand name among
hundreds of colleges in the country. Infact, NIE is one of the
top ten preferred colleges where all the seats got filled-up in
the first round of 2015 admissions.
The concerted efforts of stake holders at NIE have made it
get autonomous status, prestigious TEQIP-I & II and get
accreditation from National Board of Accreditation, New
Delhi. NIE has been granted permanent affiliation by VTU to
all its courses.
Today NIE has of 7 UG, 13 PG and 5 Post-graduate Diploma
programmes and 13 Centres of Excellence with overall
student strength of over 3500. NIE's journey to excellence,
with the main objective of continuous improvements of
administrative and academic competence, is envisioned
through three major pillars: intellectual infrastructure,
courses/services offerings and institution building.
Our curriculum is designed to develop problem-solving skill in
students and build good academic knowledge.

Dr. G.L. Shekar

Principal

July 2015

Dear Students,
From the academic year 2014-15 there is a slight change in
the syllabus structure and question paper pattern. This
change is due to the philosophy of Outcome Based
Education and requirement as per the National Board of
Accreditation (NBA), Government of India, New Delhi.
Sixteen countries including New Zealand, Australia,
Singapore, Russia and India are the signatories of the
Washington Accord, which has come out with the new
process of accreditation. This would enable every institution,
including NIE to attain high standards of technical education
in the respective countries and to create level playing
ground. The outcome based education is one of the
important components of NBA.
NIE is making sincere efforts in meeting the global standards
through new formats of NBA and timely World Bank-MHRD
initiative TEQIP (Technical Education Quality Improvement
Program). Efforts are being made to design the curriculum
based on Blooms Taxonomy framework, to meet the
challenges of the current technical education.

Dr. B. K. Sridhara

July 2015

Dean (Academic Affairs)

VISION
Department of Electronics and Communication will be globally
recognized that imparts high quality education and enables
innovation, research and teamwork capabilities to students, whose
graduates serve diverse needs of society.

MISSION

To design academic curricula and activities to produce

competent Electronics graduates

To develop acumen to absorb emerging knowledge and to LifeLong Learning

To provide group activities in the area of Electronics and

Communication Engineering that enable innovation and
teamwork

To interact with professional bodies and corporates in

Electronics, Communication and IT sectors

GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES

Engineering knowledge.

Problem analysis.

Design/development of solutions.

Conduct investigations of complex problems.

Modern tool usage.

Engineer and society.

Environment and sustainability.

Ethics.

Individual and team work.

Communication.

Project management and Finance

Lifelong learning

PROGRAMME EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

PEO1:
Function professionally in an international and rapidly changing
world due to the advances in technologies and concepts.
PEO2:
Attain technical competence with an aptitude to pursue higher
education.
PEO3:
Exhibit leadership qualities and professional integrity with social
responsibility in their profession.

PROGRAMME OUTCOMES
PO1:
Apply knowledge of computing, mathematics, science and
engineering fundamentals with emphasis to Electronics and
Communication Engineering.
PO2:
Develop an aptitude to design, analyze and implement Electronic
and Communication systems for engineering problems.
PO3:
Design an Electronics and Communication system, component or
process as per needs and specifications within realistic constraints.
PO4:
Design and verify the experimental results to analyze and interpret
data.
PO5:
Usage of modern tools as Proof of Concept (POC) for system
modeling and synthesis as applied to Electronics and
Communication engineering.
PO6:
Be aware of economic, health, safety and societal issues in
professional engineering practice.

P07:
Understand societal and environmental impacts of engineering
problems and provide sustainable solutions for the same.
PO8:
Practice appropriate professional responsibilities and ethics.
PO9:
Perform effectively either as a member or a leader in diverse and
multidisciplinary activities.
PO10:
Apply effective oral and written communication skills.
PO11:
Adapt engineering and managerial skills in project environment.
PO12:
Develop confidence for self-education, leading to life-long learning
in the context of ever-changing technology.

BLUEPRINT OF SYLLABUS STRUCTURE AND

QUESTION PAPER PATTERN
Blue Print of Syllabus Structure
1.

Complete syllabus is prescribed in SIX units as Unit 1, Unit

2, etc.

2.

In each unit there is one topic under the heading Self

Learning Exercises (SLE). These are the topics to be
learnt by the student on their own under the guidance of
the course instructors. Course instructors will inform the
students about the depth to which SLE components are to
be studied. Thus there will be six topics in the complete
syllabus which will carry questions with a weightage of
10% in SEE only. No questions will be asked on SLE
components in CIE.

Blue Print of Question Paper

1.

Question paper will have SEVEN full questions.

One full question each of 15 marks (Question No 1, 2, 3, 4,
5 and 6) will be set from each unit of the syllabus. Out of
these six questions, two questions will have internal choice
from the same unit. The unit from which choices are to be
given is left to the discretion of the course instructor.

2.

Question No 7 will be set for 10 marks only on those topics

prescribed as Self Learning Exercises.

CONTROL SYSTEMS (4:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC0406

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs /Week: 4

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.

Apply the concept of mathematics to model a physical

system. Represent a control system using state space
techniques.Compare open loop and closed loop control
systems.

2.

Analyze the transient and steady-state behavior of dynamic

systems.

3.

Analyze closed loop system performance in the time and

frequency domain.

4.

Analyze the stability of closed loop control systems.

Unit 1: Mathematical Models of Physical Systems:

Introduction to control systems Historical development of control
systems open loop and closed loop control system Definitions
Examples of control systems Comparison of OLCs and CLCs
overview of engineering control problems.
Differential equation for physical systems Transfer function
analysis Mechanical translation and rotational systems
Electrical systems Electromechanical systems Analogous
Systems F-V and F-I analogy
10 Hrs
SLE: Control System components.
Unit 2: Block Diagram and Signal Flow Graphs:
Block diagram representation of control system Block diagram
algebra and reduction Examples to illustrate the above. Signal
flow graph representation SFG reduction using Masons gain
formula.
7 Hrs

SLE: Multi input Multi output control systems

Unit 3: Time Domain Analysis of Control Systems:
Introduction Standard test signals Type and order of the system
Time response of first and second order systems Time domain
specifications Steady state error and error constants (both
dynamic and static)
8 Hrs
SLE: Time domain response withP, PI and PID controllers
Unit 4: Stability Analysis of Control Systems:
Introduction Necessary conditions for stability BIBO stability
Zero input and asymptotic stability Methods of determining
stability Routh Hurwitz criterion Difficulties and remedies
Relative stability.
Basic properties of root locus Construction of root loci Some
typical root locus plots Application of root locus
10 Hrs
SLE: Additions of poles and zeros to the transfer functions and
their effect on root locus
Unit 5: Frequency Domain Analysis of Control Systems:
Introduction Frequency domain specifications Estimation of
specifications for a second order system Bode plots Gain and
phase margins - Stability analysis using Bode plots.
9 Hrs
SLE: Magnitude v/s Phase angle plots
Unit 6: Stability Analysis:
Polar plots and Nyquist stability criterion and stability analysis
using Polar plots and Nyquist plots.
8Hrs
SLE: State space models for control systems and its applications.
Using SCI LAB.

10

Text Book:
1.

Control Systems engineering J.Nagareth and M.Gopal,

th
New age international, 4 edition

Reference Books:
1.

Modern control engineering , K.Ogata ,Pearson

th
education Asia / PHI 4 edition, 2002

2.

Automatic Control System, Benjamin C.Kuo, PHI, 8

edition, 2002.

11

th

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (3:2:2)

Sub. Code: EC0510

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs /Week: 3

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max. Marks: 100

Pre-requisite: Signals and Systems (EC0404)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.

Representation of analog signals by their discrete time

samples and apply DFT and its properties to sample and
reconstruct discrete time signals.

2.

Represent signals in the frequency domain with discrete

tools.

3.

Apply frequency transformation in the analog and digital

domain to design filters.

4.

Design IIR and FIR filters relative to specific performance

parameters.

Unit 1: The Discrete Fourier Transform:

Frequency Domain Sampling: The Discrete Fourier Transform
Frequency-Domain Sampling and Reconstruction of Discrete-Time
Signals. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT).The DFT as a linear
Transformation. Relationship of the DFT to Other Transforms.
Properties of the DFT. Periodicity, Linearity, and Symmetry
Properties. Multiplication of two DFTs and Circular Convolution,
Frequency analysis of signals using the DFT.
9 Hrs
SLE:Additional DFT Properties.
Unit 2: Efficient Computation of DFT:
Fast Fourier Transform Algorithms: Efficient Computation of the
DFT: FFT Algorithms, Direct Computation of the DFT. Radix-2 FFT
algorithms. Decimation-in-time FFT algorithm and in-place
computations, Decimation-in-frequency FFT algorithm and in-place
computations, Chirp Z-Transform.
7 Hrs

12

SLE:Gortezel Algorithm.
Unit 3: Frequency Transformations:
Frequency Transformations in the Analog domain. Frequency
Transformations in the digital domain.
4 Hrs
SLE:

Designing problems on transformations.

Unit 4: Design of FIR Filters:

Properties of FIR digital filters, Different types of windows;
Rectangular, Bartlett, Hanning, Hamming, Blackmann& Kaiser
windows, Design of FIR filters using above windows.
8 Hrs
SLE: MATLAB programming for above windows
Unit 5: Design of IIR Filters:
IIR Filter Design by Approximation of Derivatives IIR Filter Design
by Impulse Invariance. IIR Filter Design by the Bilinear
Transformation. The MatchedTransformation. Characteristics of
Commonly Used Analog Filters. Application of above technique to
the design of Butterworth &Chebyshevfilters.
9 Hrs
SLE:A comparison of
programming on filters.

IIR

&

FIR

digital

filters,

MATLAB

Unit 6: Digital Filter Structures:

Basic IIR Filter Structures: Direct forms (I & II), cascade and
parallel realizations. Signal flow graph, Transposed structure, Basic
FIR filter structures- Direct form structure, frequency sampling
structure, Lattice structure, Linear phase FIR structure.
5 Hrs
SLE:FIR structures.
Text Books:
1.

Digital Signal Processing Principles algorithm and

application, Proakis and Manolakis, Pearson Education
th
4 Edition, 2007.

13

2.

Discrete Time Signal Processing, Oppenheim And

Schaffer,PHI,2003

Reference Book:
1.

Digital Signal Processing, Sanjit K. Mitra, TMH, 2004

14

DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LABORATORY (0:0:2)

I) LIST OF EXPERIMENTS USING MATLAB / SCILAB / OCTAVE
/ WAB
1.

Verification of sampling theorem.

2.

Impulse response of a given system

3.

Linear convolution of two given sequences.

4.

Circular convolution of two given sequences

5.

Solving a given difference equation.

6.

Computation of N point DFT of a given sequence and to

plot magnitude and phase spectrum.

7.

Design and implementation of FIR filter to meet given

specifications.

8.

Design and implementation of IIR filter to meet given

specifications.

II) LIST OF EXPERIMENTS USING DSP PROCESSOR

1.

Linear convolution of two given sequences.

2.

Circular convolution of two given sequences.

3.

Computation of N- Point DFT of a given sequence

4.

Realization of an FIR filter (any type) to meet given

specifications .The input can be a signal from function
generator

5.

Realization of an IIR filter (any type) to meet given

specifications .The input can be a signal from function
generator

15

DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS (3:0:2)

Sub. Code: EC0408

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/week: 3

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.

Implement the Building blocks of Digital switching system

and analyze the concept of switching system control and
transmission.

2.

Analyze the Mathematical modeling of telephone systems

and designing of switching networks, link systems, space
and time division switching systems, and synchronization.

3.

Discuss the switching system software required for typical

digital switching system, software architecture, call models,
feature flow diagrams.

4.

Analyze the Maintenance of digital switching system, and

explain the software and hardware architecture of DSS and
explain simple call through a Digital system and reliability
analysis.

Unit 1: Evolution of Switching Systems:

Developments of telecommunications, network structure, network
services, terminology, standards, message switching, circuit
switching, functions of switching systems, electronic switching
systems.
Digital
switching
systems.Introduction
to
telecommunication transmission, digital transmission, FDM, TDM,
PDH, and SDH transmission.
Digital Switching Systems:Fundamentals: purpose of analysis,
basic central office linkages, outside plant versus inside plant,
switching system hierarchy, evolution of digital switching systems,
stored program control switching systems, digital switching system
fundamentals, building blocks of digital switching systems,
8 Hrs
SLE: Comparative study of packet and circuit switching system.

16

Unit 2: Telecommunication Traffic:

Call processing, unit of traffic, congestion, mathematical model,
lost call systems, queuing systems.
7 Hrs
SLE: Modeling of Traffic in various networks.
Unit 3: Switching Networks:
Introduction, single stage networks, gradings, link systems, GOS of
link systems.
Time division switching: Introduction, space and time switching,
time switching networks, synchronization.
7Hrs
SLE: ISDN.
Unit 4: Switching System Software:
Introduction, scope, basic software architecture, operating
systems, data base management, concept of generic program,
software architecture for level 1 control, software architecture for
level 2 control, software architect.
6 Hrs
SLE:Call models.
Unit 5: Maintenance of Digital Switching Systems:
Introduction, scope, software maintenance, interface of typical
digital switching system central office, system outage and its
impact on digital switching system reliability, impact of software
patches on digital switching system reliability, embedded patcher
concept, growth of digital switching system central office, generic
program upgrade, A methodology for proper maintenance of digital
switching system, effect of firmware deployment on digital
switching systems, firmware software coupling, switching system
maintainability metrics, upgrade process success rate, number of
patches applied per year, diagnostic resolution rate, reported
critical and major faults corrected, A strategy improving software
quality, program for software process improvement, software
process, metrics,.
10Hrs
SLE:Defect analysisin DSS

17

Unit 6: A Generic Digital Switching System Model:

Introduction, scope, hardware architecture, software architecture,
recovery strategy, common characteristics of digital switching
systems, analysis report, reliability analysis.
4Hrs
SLE:Simple call through a digital system.
Text Books:
1.

Telecommunication switchingtraffic and networks,

J.E.Flood, Pearson education, 2002.

2.

Digital switching systems, Syed R.Ali, TMH Ed 2002.

Reference book:
1.

Digital telephony, John.C Bellamy, Wiley India 3

Edition 2000.

18

rd

DIGITAL SWITCHING SYSTEMS LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1.

Identification of various subsystems of digital exchange.

2.

Identification of hardware components of digital switch.

3.

Functions of various subsystems.

4.

Subscriber management.

5.

Operation and maintenance of switch.

6.

Diagnosis of critical and major faults and correction.

7.

software patches and their utility and their impact on

system reliability

8.

Access network connectivity to switch.

Note: The above experiments may be carried out at BSNL

RTTC MYSORE.

19

MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS (3:0:2)

Sub. Code: EC0433

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs /Week: 3

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max. Marks: 100

Pre-requisite:Computer Organizationand Architecture (EC0403)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.

Explain the fundamentals of the micro computing

environment such as hardware functions and processor
architecture.

2.

Design and analyze various types of memory systems and

their decoding.

3.

Explain the hardware and software components of a

microprocessor-based system.

4.

Develop
assembly
language
microprocessors and NDP.

5.

Design and develop a microprocessor based system with

peripheral interface.

6.

Develop and build assembly language program for the

microprocessors andNDP in laboratory.

program

for

the

Unit 1: Intel Architecture:

CPU architecture, programming model, Memory address space
and data organization. Data types, segmented memory and
register organization. I/O address space. Addressing modes and
instruction format. Instruction execution timing.
8 hrs
SLE: A brief overview about the evolution of microprocessors. A
general awareness about present day microprocessors (Intel
Pentium based processors or AMD processors).
Unit 2: Assembly Language and Instruction Set:
assembler instruction format. Assembler directives. Using
assembler options . . Simplified segment definitions. Labels and
variables. Structure and records. Multiple program modules.

20

Macros, repeat pre-fixes and equates.

6hrs
SLE:Assembly software programs implementing some very
common algorithms to better understand the semantics of the 8086
assembly language.
Unit 3: Memory Interfacing:
Pin assignments and control signals. Minimum and maximum
modes. System clock, Bus Cycle and 3-bus system. Address
space . Memory control signals. Read and write bus cycles.
Memory Interface design and related hardware.
6 Hrs
SLE: Interfacing ROMs with corresponding timing diagrams.
Unit 4: Interrupt Structure and Interface:
Types of interrupts. Interrupt vector table and interrupt instructions.
External
hardware
interrupt
interface
and
interrupt
sequence.Interrupt interface circuits using 8259 interrupt controller.
Software interrupts, NMI, Internal Interrupt functions.
7 Hrs
SLE: Areas where microprocessors are used in everyday life
(Examples are, in our very own Personal Computers, Smart
Phones, Laptops etc.)
Unit 5: Common Peripheral Controllers:
Basic concepts of Parallel, Serial, Programmed and Interrupt
driven I/O, Designing Parallel communication ports using 8255 PPI,
Serial communication protocol RS232 and 8251 USART.
8 Hrs
SLE: DMA Controller
Unit 6: Numeric Data Processor:
Multiprocessor configuration and interfacing 8087, NDP data types,
overview of instruction set and programming.
4 Hrs
SLE: Interfacing of a coprocessor to an 8086 microprocessor and
perform the required computation using the coprocessor resources.
Future of microprocessor

21

TEXT BOOK:
st

1. Microcomputer systems, Gibson and Liu, PHI, 1 Edition

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. The 8086/8088 family design, programming and Interfacing,
st
John Uffenbeck, PHI, 1 Edition
2. The 8088 and 8086 Microprocessors, Walter A Triebel and
Avtar Singh, PHI, 1 st Edition

22

MICROPROCESSOR SYSTEMS LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1.

Simple programs to learn using of assembler and debug

2.

Programs to illustrate usage of screen oriented debugger like

TD, using breakpoints and inspecting variables.

3.

Data Transfer and addressing mode illustration

4.

Simple programs to illustrate arithmetic instruction involving

Binary, BCD and ASCII data.

5.

Interactive programs using DOS and BIOS interrupts.

6.

Interactive programs
instructions.

7.

Hardware interfacing exercises using 8255 add on card.

8.

Programs using NDP.

to

illustrate

string

manipulation

Note: As far as possible all the programs should use modular

programming units like Macros, Procedures and Libraries.

23

ANTENNAS AND WAVEPROPAGATION (3:0:0)

Sub Code: EC0308

CIE: 50% Marks

Hours /Week: 3

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hours: 3

Max. Marks: 100

Pre-requisite:Electro Magnetic Field Theory (EC0302)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.

Describe how an antenna radiates and capture radio wave

energy from the concepts of radiation by dynamic currents
and charges, and retarded potentials.

2.

Explain the properties and parameters of antenna such as

radiation pattern, radiation impedance, directivity, antenna
gain, effective area.

3.

Analyze the received power in a system consisting of

transmit and receive antenna

4.

by applying the Friss transmission expression and

reciprocity principle effectively.

5.

Design an antenna system, including the shape of the

antenna, feed property, the requirement on the
arrangement of the radiating elements in an array, given
the radiation parameters such as radiation pattern, gain,
operating frequency, transmit/receive.

6.

Identify the mechanism of the atmospheric effects on radio

wave propagation.

Unit 1: Antenna Basics:

Physical concept of radiation, near-and far-field regions, basic
antenna parameters : radiation patterns, beam area, radiation
Intensity, beam efficiency, reciprocity, directivity and gain, antenna
apertures, effective height, bandwidth, radiation efficiency, radio
communication Link, antenna temperature and antenna field
zones.
7 Hrs
SLE: Application of Network theorems to Antennas

24

Unit 2: Point Sources and Arrays:

Introduction, point sources, power patterns, power theorem,
radiation Intensity, field patterns, phase patterns. Array of two
isotropic point Sources, non isotropic but similar point sources,
principles of pattern Multiplication, broad side versus end fire array,
direction of maxima fire arrays of n isotropic point sources of equal
amplitude and spacing.
7Hrs
SLE: Binomial array, use of software to draw the radiation
pattern.
Unit 3: Electric Dipoles and Thin Linear Antenna:
Introduction, short electric dipole, fields of a short dipole, radiation
resistance of dipole, radiation resistance of lambda/2
antenna,micro strip arrays, folded dipole antennas
6Hrs
SLE: Criteria for antenna design
Unit 4: Loop, Slot, Patch and Horn Antenna:
Introduction, small loop, far fields of small loop, far field patterns of
circular Loop, radiation resistance, directivity, slot antenna,
Babinets Principle and complementary antennas, patch antennas,
horn antennas, rectangular horn antennas
7Hrs
SLE: phased array antennas
Unit 5: Antenna Types:
Helical antenna, Yagi-Uda array, parabolic reflectors, Log periodic
antenna, antennas for satellite communication , antennas for
ground penetrating radars, embedded antennas, plasma antenna
6Hrs
SLE:Antenna Measurements, Intelligent Antenna System
Unit 6: Radio Wave Propagation:
Introduction,
ground
wave
propagation,
free
space
propagation,Ground
reflection,
surface
wave,
diffraction
Troposphere wave propagation Troposcopic scatter, ionosphere

25

propagation, electrical properties of the ionosphere, effects of

earths magnetic field
7Hrs
SLE:Faradays rotation, whislers
Text Books:
1.

Antennas John D Krauss, McGraw-Hill International

rd
3 edition, 2006.

2.

Electromagnetic waves and radiating

nd
Jordan & Balmain, PHI., 2 Edition,1994

systems,

Reference Books:
1.

Antennas
and
Propagation
for
wireless
communication system, Simon R Saunders: John Wiley
rd
Publications, 3 Edition, 2001

2.

Antennas and propagation, Harish and Sachidananda,

st
Oxford press,1 Edition,2007

3.

Antennas and wave propagation, G S N Raju : Pearson

rd
Education.,3 Edition 2009

26

ANALOG COMMUNICATION (4:0:2)

Sub. Code : EC0506

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs /Week: 4

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.

Describe different types of noise and evaluate noise figure

for various networks and explain properties of random
process.

2.

Describe and analyze the working of amplitude and

frequency modulated systems and analyze tools in time
and frequency domain including Fourier and Hilbert
transform.

3.

Explain frequency transform and various multiplexing

mechanisms in communication systems

4.

Analyze system performance with respect to noise in

various types of receivers.

5.

Conduct experiments on Modulation and analyze the

results.

6.

Design and conduct experiment on frequency selective

circuits.

Unit 1: Noise and Random Process:

Introduction, shot noise, thermal noise, white noise, Noise
equivalent bandwidth, Noise Figure, Equivalent noise temperature,
noise in communication channel, noise modeling effect cascade
connection of two-port networks.
Random variables: moments, Mean, Correlation and Covariance
function, Properties of autocorrelation function, cross-correlation
functions. Properties of Gaussian process, stationaryRandom
process.
9Hrs
SLE: Noise Reduction Techniques

27

Unit 2: Amplitude Modulation:

Introduction, AM: Time-Domain description, Frequency-Domain
description. Generation of AM wave: square law modulator,
switching modulator. Detection of AM waves: square law detector,
envelope detector. Double side band suppressed carrier
modulation (DSBSC): Time-Domain description, FrequencyDomain representation, Generation of DSBSC waves: balanced
modulator, ring modulator. Coherent detection of DSBSC
modulated waves. Costas loop.
9Hrs
SLE: AM Modulator using IC: XR-2206
Unit 3: Single Side-Band Modulation (SSB):
Quadrature carrier multiplexing, Hilbert transform, properties of
Hilbert transform, Canonical representation of band pass signals,
SSB: Frequency-Domain description,Time-Domain description,
Generation of SSB wave: Frequency discrimination method, Phase
discrimination method, Detection of SSB wave.
8Hrs
SLE: Design of SSB system for the given SNR
Unit 4: Vestigial Side-Band Modulation (VSB):
VSB: Frequency Domain description, Time - Domain description
,Generation of VSB wave, Detection of VSB wave, Comparison of
amplitude modulation techniques, Frequency translation,
Frequency division multiplexing.
7Hrs
SLE: HDTV
Unit 5: Angle Modulation (FM):
Basic definitions, FM, narrow band FM, wide band FM,
transmission bandwidth, Generation of FM waves: indirect method,
direct method. Demodulation of FM waves, FM stereo multiplexing,
Phase-locked loop(PLL), Nonlinear model of PLL, Linear model of
PLL.
9 Hrs
SLE: FM Broadcast receivers.

28

Unit 6: Noise in Continuous wave modulation systems:

Introduction, Receiver model, Noise performance in DSB-SC, SSBSC, AM and FM receivers, Threshold effect, Pre-emphasis and Deemphasis.
8 Hrs
SLE: Removal of AWGN using median filters
Text Book:
1.

An
Introduction
to
Analog
and
Digital
Communications, Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2003

Reference Books:
1.

Communication Systems, Simon Haykin, John Willey,

1996.

2.

Digital and Analog Communication Systems, K.Sam

Shanmugam, John Wiley, 2001.

29

ANALOG COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1.

Test tuned RF amplifier, find center frequency bandwidth

and quality factor.

2.

Performance analysis of AM modulation and detection.

3.

Generate DSB-SC wave using balanced modulator using

diodes / using IC 1496 and Generate SSB - SC wave using
suitable band pass filter.

4.

Design and test a T, , bridge & Lattice type Attenuators

for a given characteristic resistance and attenuation factor.

5.

Performance analysis of FM modulation and detection.

6.

Design and test Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis circuits

for a given R and C.

7.

Generate PPM for different modulating signals and

demodulate using suitable filters

8.

Generate PWM for different modulating signals and

demodulate using suitable filters

9.

Performance analysis of Frequency mixer.

10.

Plotting of radiation pattern and calculation of 3-dB beam

width for different antennas.

30

DIGITAL COMMUNICATION (4:0:2)

Sub. Code : EC0507

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs /Week: 4

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max. Marks: 100

Pre-requisite:Analog Communication(EC0506)
Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.

Distinguish between Analog and Digital Communication

system and analyze various sampling methods and its
reconstruction.

2.

Analyze and solve problems on various waveform coding

and base band shaping techniques.

3.

Describe and analyze various modulation schemes in

digital communication system and solve problems on
probability of error.

4.

Analyze and solve problems on information theory, source

and channel coding techniques.

5.

Experimentally verify the performance analysis of ASK,

FSK, PSK,DPSK and QPSK.

6.

Experimentally find the performance parameters of filter

circuits, Couplers, Power dividers using Microwave
Striplines.

Unit 1:Sampling Process:

Introduction Basic signal processing operations in digital
communication, communication ChannelsSampling Principles,
Sampling Theorem, Quadrature sampling of Band pass signal,
Practical aspects of sampling and signal recovery, PAM, TDM.
10 Hrs
SLE: Design of natural sampling circuit.
Unit 2:Waveform Coding Techniques:
PCM, Quantization noise and SNR, robust quantization, DPCM,
DM, applications
8 Hrs

31

SLE: ADPCM and its application.

Unit 3: Base-Band Shaping for Data Transmission:
Discrete PAM signals, ISI, Nyquists criterion for distortion less
base-band binary transmission, correlative coding, eye pattern,
base-band M-ary PAM systems, adaptive equalization for data
transmission.
7 Hrs
SLE: Design of error control coding circuits for a given bit error
rate.
Unit 4: Digital Carrier Modulation Schemes:
Introduction, Binary ASK, PSK, DPSK, FSK , M-ary FSK and
QPSK modulation schemes, Probability of error, Matched filter and
its transfer function, correlator. Comparison of digital modulation
schemes
11Hrs
SLE: Design and analysis of matched filter,SDR
Unit 5:Measure of Information, Source Coding and Channel
Capacity:
Introduction, Measure of information, concept of Entropy for
memory less sources,Shannons encoding algorithm,Huffman
coding,discrete memory less Channels, Mutual information,
Channel Capacity, Introduction to continuous channels and
Shannon Hartley theorem.
8Hrs
SLE: Source coding using modern coding techniques, TCM
Unit 6: Error Control Coding:
Introduction, properties of optimum code, linear block codes,
Convolution codes (time domain approach only)
7 Hrs
SLE: Channel coding using modern coding techniques.

32

Text Books:
1.

Digital
communications,
JohnWiley,2001

Simon

Haykin,

2.

Digital and Analog Communication

K.SamShanmugam, John Wiley,2001

Systems,

Reference Book:
1.

An
introduction
to
Analog
and
Digital
Communication, Simon Haykin, John Wiley, 2001.

33

ADVANCED COMMUNICATION LABORATORY

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.

Performance analysis of Fiber Optic link

2.

Verification of sampling theorem using natural and flat top

samples.

3.

Performance analysis of ASK and FSK.

4.

Performance analysis of PSK and DPSK.

5.

Performance analysis of QPSK.

MICROWAVE LAB

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
1.

Measurement of transmission loss and reflection loss of a

50-ohm microstriptransmission line.

2.

Measurement of power division, isolation and return loss

characteristics of a 3DB power divider.

3.

Measurement of characteristics of a branch line and

backward wave directional coupler.

4.

Study of ring resonator and rat-race hybrid ring

5.

Measurement of filter characteristics of lowpass and

bandpass filter

34

OPERATING SYSTEM (4:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC0410

CIE: 50% Mark

Hrs/week: 4

SEE: 50% Marks

SEEHrs: 3

Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Explain the concept of operating systems, its structure and

its types.
Select thread or process for an application
Analyze Virtual Memory, Paging memory allocation, and
select page table map
Use interrupts for process synchronization (through
experimentation/assignment)
Analyze cache performance, paging & replacement
methods

Unit 1: Introduction and Overview of Operating Systems:

Operating system, Goals of an O.S, Operation of an O.S, Resource
allocation and related functions, User interface related functions,
Classes of operating systems, Multi programming systems, Time
sharing systems, Real and distributed operating systems
8 Hrs
SLE: O.S and the computer system, Batch processing system,
Unit 2: Structure of the Operating Systems:
Operation of an O.S, Structure of the supervisor,Operating system
with monolithic structure, layered design, Virtual machine operating
systems, Kernel based operating systems, and Microkernel based
operating systems.
8 Hrs
SLE: Configuring and installing of the supervisor
Unit 3: Process Management:
Process concept, Programmer view of processes, OS view of
processes, Interacting processes, Threads.Threads in Solaris
8 Hrs

35

SLE: Processes in UNIX

Unit 4: Memory Management:
Memory allocation to programs, Memory allocation preliminaries,
Contiguous and noncontiguous allocation to programs,Memory
allocation for program-controlled data, kernel memory.
8 Hrs
SLE: Segmentation
Unit 5: Virtual Memory:
Virtual memory basics, Virtual memory using paging, Demand
paging, Page replacement, Page replacement policies, Memory
allocation to programs, Page sharing,
7 Hrs
SLE: UNIX virtual memory.
Unit 6: Scheduling:
Fundamentals of scheduling, Long-term scheduling, Medium and
short term scheduling, Real time scheduling.
Message Passing: Implementing message passing, Mailboxes,
10 Hrs
SLE: Inter process communication (in UNIX)
Text book:
1.

Operating Systems, A Concept based Approach,

D.M.Dhamdhare, TMH, 2nd Ed.2006.

Reference books:
1.

Operating Systems Concepts, Silberschatz

Galvin, John Wiley, 5th Edition, 2001.

2.

Operating System Internals and Design Systems,

Willaim Stalling, Pearson Education, 4th Ed, 2006.

36

and

DIGITAL DESIGN USING VERILOG HDL(4:0:2)

Sub Code:EC0508

CIE: 50% Marks

Hours /Week: 4

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3

Max. Marks: 100

Pre-requisite:Digital Electronics Circuits (EC0502)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Explain advanced topics in digital logic design.

Describe modeling and Verilog language syntax and
semantics.
Design, test and implement combinational and sequential
circuits using Verilog simulator
Design, test and implement finite state machines using
FSMD and ASMD charts using Verilog simulator
Implement typical combinational and sequential systems
on Altera DE2 board.
Demonstrate the use of a soft processor in designing
digital systems and importance of IP cores.

Unit 1: Introduction to Verilog

Module concept, data types, primitives, attributes, modeling styles,
Basics of simulation
6 Hrs
SLE: Need for modeling and meaning of concurrency
Unit 2: Structural Modeling.
Gate primitives, Delay models, static hazards, dynamic hazards,
switch level Modeling, hierarchical structural modeling
8 Hrs
SLE: Tristate devises and their use
Unit 3: Data Flow Modeling:
Continuous assignment, expressions, operands, operators,
Behavioral
modeling,
Procedural
constructs,
Procedural
assignments, Timing control, Selection statements
8 Hrs

37

SLE: Different looping constructs in Verilog

Unit 4: Advanced Constructs:
Tasks, functions and UDPs, System
sequential UDPs

tasks

and

functions,

8Hrs
SLE: Combinational UDPs
Unit 5: Advanced Modeling techniques:
Combinational logic modules, Sequential logic modules
10 Hrs
SLE: Test bench design and simulation
Unit 6: System Design Methodology:
FSM Modeling styles, RTL design, ASM chart, Data path and
Control path Design
10 Hrs
SLE: Architecture of a typical FPGA.
Text book:
1.

Design through VERILOG HDL By T R. Padmanabhan.

Published by IEEE Press and JohnWiley and Sons.2004.

Reference Books:
1.

Advanced Digital Design using Verilog HDL ByCelleti

Published by PHI 2003

2.

Verilog HDL by SamthPalnitkar Published by Pearson

Education 2003

38

DIGITAL DESIGN USING VERILOG HDL

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1.

Simulation and implementation of combinational systems

2.

Simulation and implementation of sequential systems

3.

Experiments using DE2 board

4.

Demonstration of an embedded processor.

5.

Simulation of finite state machines

6.

Simulation of ASMD systems and RTL designs

TEXT BOOK:
1. Design through VERILOG HDL By T R. Padmanabhan.
Published by IEEE Press and John Wiley and Sons.2004.

39

MICROWAVES AND RADAR(4:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC0411

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs /Week: 4

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max. Marks: 100

Pre-requisite:Electro Magnetic Field Theory (EC0302)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Explain the types of transmission lines and analyze mode
of propagation through them
2. Apply microwave network theory to analyze the operation
of microwave components and devices
3. Design and test a microwave circuit
4. Demonstrate the use of software tools in designing
microwave circuits.
5. Describe and analyze the basic principles of operation of
RADAR systems
6. Analyze the various microwave hazards.
Unit 1: Transmission Lines and Waveguides:
Introduction, transmission lines equations, and solutions, reflection
and transmission coefficients, standing waves and SWR, line
impedance and line admittance, Applications and limitations of
transmission lines, rectangular waveguides.
7 Hrs
SLE: High frequency transmission lines, Use of Smith Chart
Unit 2: Microwave network Theory and Passive Devices:
Introduction to microwave networks and network parameters for
microwave Circuits, Scattering Parameters and their properties, S
matrix representation of multi port networks. Directional couplers,
isolators, circulators, , waveguide Tees.
10 Hrs

40

SLE:

phase shifters, attenuators

Unit 3: Microwave Active Devices:

Introduction, Gunn Effect diodes GaAs diode, Modes of
operation, Avalanche transit time devices: READ diode, IMPATT
diode, BARITT diode, parametric amplifiers , PIN diodes, Schottky
barrier diodes, Klystron, cavity magnetron, cross field amplifier
9 Hrs
SLE: Basic working principle of microwave oscillators, mixers and
microwave tubes
Unit 4: Strip Lines:
Introduction, Microstrip Lines, Characteristic Impedance of
Microstrip Lines, Losses in Microstrip Lines, Quality Factor Q of
Microstrip Lines, Parallel Strip Lines, Distributed Lines,
Characteristic Impedance, Attenuation Losses, Coplanar Strip
Lines, Shielded Strip Lines. Numerical as applicable,
8 Hrs
SLE:Application of BJTs and FETs in microwave circuits
Unit 5: Monolithic Microwave Integrated-Circuits:
Introduction, Materials, Monolithic Microwave Integrated-Circuit
Growth, MMIC Fabrication Techniques, Fabrication Example.
7 Hrs
SLE:Hybrid integrated circuit fabrication
Unit 6: An Introduction to Radar:
Basic Radar, The simple form of the Radar equation, Radar block
diagram, Radar frequencies, application of Radar, Doppler effect,
MTI Radar, delay line Cancellers, digital MTI processing, Moving
target detector, pulse Doppler Radar
9 Hrs
SLE:Signal processing in Radar
Text Books:
1. Microwave Devices and circuits, Samuel Y Liao,
rd
Prentice Hall,3 Edition,2004

41

2. Introduction to Radar systems, Merrill I Skolnik, TMH,

th
4 Edition, 2004.
3. Microwave Engineering, Annapurna Das, Sisir K Das,
TMH Publication.
Reference Book:
1. Microwave Engineering, David M Pozar, John Wiley,3
Edition,2005

42

rd

DATA STRUCTURES USING C++(3:0:2)

Sub. Code: EC0412

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs /Week: 3

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max. Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Explain the concept of object oriented programming and
their significance in real world.
2. Define and analyze efficient memory utilization techniques.
3. Demonstrate knowledge of OOPS needed for solving
problems and programming.
4. Analyze and implement programs for various data structure
such as: Linked list, stacks, queues, trees, hash tables,
graphs and related algorithms.
5. Interpret, analyze and implement object modeling for given
practical problems using C++ programming development
environment.
Unit 1: Object Oriented Programming:
Features of Object oriented programming, Difference between
Object
oriented
programming
and
procedure
oriented
programming, Basic data types: Declarations and definitions; the
main () function; Arithmetic operators; Logical operators;
Conditional expressions (if, if-else, switch, operator?); Loops
(while, do..while, for); Comma operator; Arrays (one-dimensional,
two-dimensional); Input and output.
8 Hrs
SLE: Standard libraries: input/output streams files and others,
Structures and Unions.
Unit 2: Constructors and Destructors:
Constructor functions; Destructors functions; Dynamic memory
allocation; Pointers; the new and delete operator. Argument
passing in function calls: Passing by value and reference; the const
key word; scope resolution operator.
6 Hrs

43

SLE: Friend functions, Function template.

Unit 3: Function and operator overloading:
Function overloading; Overload assignment operator. Inheritance;
Code reuse; Constructors and inheritance; Polymorphism;
Functionover loading in derived classes; Pointers and virtual
functions.
6 Hrs
SLE: Overloading of new , delete , comma, member access (->)
operators, virtual classes.
Unit 4: Stacks and Queues:
Structure and implementation; Infix, Postfix and Prefix notation;
Circular Queues.; Designing the set data structure. Linked Lists:
Single linked lists; Linked stacks and Queues; Doubly linked lists;
Circular linked lists.
7 Hrs
SLE: Simulation of Tower of Hanoi problem.
Unit 5: Trees:
Binary trees; Definitions; Tree operations. Graphs: Definitions;
Implementation; Graph Traversals (Depth-first and Breadth-first);
Topological sorting (Depth-first and Breadth-first)
6 Hrs
SLE: KRUSKALS algorithm, DIJIKSTRAS algorithm.
Unit 6.Searching and Sorting:
Sequential search; Binary search; Sorting: Insertion sort; Selection
sort; Bubble sort, Insertion sort, Merge sort; Quick sortImplementation in an array. Tables and Hashing: The table data
structures; Hashing- principles, choosing a hash function; collision
resolution with open addressing (Linear and quadratic probing) and
chaining.
7 Hrs
SLE: Binary search trees.

44

Text Books:
1. Data Structures using C++, Sartaj Sahni, Tata McGraw
Hill.
2. Data Structures using C and C++, Y. Langsam, M.
Augenstein and A.M.Tenenbaum Prentice Hall India.
Reference Books:
1. C++, The Complete Reference , Herbert Schmidt,
McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 3rd
Edition, 2002
2. Programming with C++ - A Computer Science
Tapestry, Owen L. Astrachan, Special Indian edition
2007, Tata McGraw-Hill, Second reprint, 2008.
3. Fundamentals of Data Structures- E. Horowitz, and
Sartaj Sahni, Galgoti Publications.
Case Study: Huffman method with Run-length encoding

45

DATA STRUCTURES USING C++

The following programs must be implemented using C++
1.

Basic object oriented programming using (if, if-else,

switch,while, do-while,for)

2.

Constructors and destructors programs, programs using

NEW and DELETE operator.

3.

Functions, Friend functions, Function Overloading ,Operator

Overloading using OOPS concept

4.

Inheritance
programming

5.

Stack and queue implementation using linked list

6.

Singly linked list, Doubly linked list, circular linked list

programs.

7.

DFS(depth first search) and BFS

search)_algorithm implementation.

8.

Searching and sorting programs

and

Polymorphism(virtual

46

functions)

Breadth

first

ELECTIVES OFFERED
ADVANCED SIGNAL PROCESSING (3:0:0)
Sub. Code: EC0309

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/week: 3

SEE:50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3

Max Marks: 100

Pre-requisite:Digital Signal Processing (EC0510)

Course Outcome - On successful completion of the course, the
students will be able to:
1. Apply methods for reconstruction and interpolation signals,
based on signal modeling and advanced filtering
techniques.
2. Apply methods for prediction of signals, based on signal
modeling and advanced filtering techniques, such as
Linear Predictive Filters and Optimal Linear Filters.
3. Implement and compare parametric/non-parametric
methods for power spectral estimations.
4.

Compare models of stochastic signals and systems for

processing and analyzing.

5.

Select between different transforms -like DFT and DWT

Unit 1: Linear Algebra:

Vector spaces, Subspaces, Inner product, Linear independence,
Bases, Probability, Random processing, Random Variable
06 hrs
SLE: Stationary and non-stationary random processes,
Expectation operation
Unit 2: Multirate DSP:
Decimation, Interpolation, Sampling rate convrsion, Applications,
Filer banks, QMF filter banks
06 hrs
SLE: M Channel QMF Bank.

47

Unit3: Opimum filters:

Correlation function, Powerspectra, Stationary Random process,
Forward & Backward Linear Prediction, Levinson-Durbin & Schur
algorithms, Linear prediction error-filters, AR, ARMA lattice filters,
Weiner Filter
07 hrs
SLE: Joint random process, Mean ergodic and Correlation ergodic
process
Unit 4: Adaptive Filters:
Applications, LMS and RLS algorithms, Adaptive lattice filter
06 hrs
SLE: Adaptive recursive filters, recursive least squares.
Unit 5: Power Spectrum Estimation:
Finite duration observation of signals, Non-parametric and
parametric methods, Filter banks
06 hrs
SLE: Yule-walker algorithm
Unit6: Wavelets:
Introduction, CWT, DWT, Signal spaces and multiresolution
analysis, Scaling function, wavelet-DWT functions, Parseval's
Theorem, Wavelet expansion
07 hrs
SLE: Different waveelets like Haar and Daubechies.
Textbook:
1. John G Proakis and Dimitris G Manolakis, Digital Signal
th
Processing 4 Edn., Pearson Education, Noida, India,
2009
References:
1. S Salivahananan and others, Digital Signal Processing,
TMH, New Delhi

48

2. Emmanuel Ifeachor and Barrie W Jervis, Digital Signal

nd
Processing, 2 Edn., Pearson Education, Noida, India,
2011
3. Paulo SR, et.al, Digital Signal Processing, Cambridge, UK,
2002
4. P P Vaidyanathan, Multirate signal processing, Pearson
Education, Noida, 1993
5. Raghuveer Rao and Ajit Bopardikar Wavelets, Pearson
Education, Noida, 2000
6. Schaum Series Linear Algebra

49

NEURAL NETWORKS (3:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC0313

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/week: 3

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3 Hrs

Max Marks: 100

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Design single and multi-layer feed-forward neural networks
and the differences between networks for supervised and
unsupervised learning.
2. Analyze the behavior of radial-basis function networks.
3. Illustrate unsupervised learning using Kohonen networks
and training of recurrent Hopfield networks.
4. Perform algorithmic training of various neural networks and
Analyze the performance of neural networks.
Unit 1:
Introduction, history, structure and function of single neuron, neural
net architectures, neural learning, use of neural networks.
5 Hrs
SLE: Neural network Architecture.
Unit 2:
Supervised learning, single layer networks, perceptions, linear
separability, perceptions training algorithm, guarantees of success,
modifications.
8 Hrs
SLE: Neural networks used for predictions.
Unit 3:
Multiclass Networks-I, multilevel discrimination, preliminaries, back
propagation, setting parameter values, theoretical results.
Accelerating learning process, application, mandaline, adaptive
multilayer networks.
8 Hrs
SLE: Resilient back propagation.

50

Unit 4:
Prediction networks, radial basis functions, polynomial networks,
regularization, unsupervised learning, winner take all networks,
counter propagation networks.
8 Hrs
SLE: Kohonen self-organizing network
Unit 5:
Adaptive resonance theorem, topologically organized networks,
distance based learning, neo-cognition.
Associative models, hop field networks, brain state networks,
Boltzmann machines, hetero associations.
8 Hrs
SLE: Continuous Hopfield networks.
Unit 6:
Optimization using hop filed networks, simulated annealing,
random search, evolutionary computation.
5 Hrs
SLE: Boltzmann machine
Text book:
1. Elements
of
Artificial
Neural
Networks,
KishanMehrotra, C. K. Mohan, Sanjay Ranka, Penram,
1997.
Reference Books:
1. Artificial Neural Networks, R. Schalkoff, MGH,
1997.Introduction to Artificial Neural Systems,
J. Zurada, Jaico, 2003.
2. Neural Networks, Haykins, Pearson Edu., 1999.

51

IMAGE PROCESSING (3:0:0)

Sub. Code: EC0307

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/week: 3

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3

Max Marks: 100

Pre-requisite: Digital Signal Processing (EC0407)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. Understand basic principles of digital images, image data
structures, and image processing techniques.
2. Explain hardware and software components of image
processing system.
3. Understand image processing filtering techniques in both
the spatial and frequency (Fourier) domains
4. Understand the processes involved in enhancement and
restoration techniques.
Unit 1: Introduction to Image Processing System:
Introduction, Image, Sampling, Quantization,
Resolution,
Classification of Digital Image, Image types, Elements of an image
processing system, Applications of Digital Image Processing.
6 Hrs
SLE: Image file formats.
Unit 2:2D Signals and Systems:
Introduction, 2D signals, Separable sequence, periodic sequence,
2D systems, classification of 2D systems, 2D construction, 2D
Ztransform.
6 Hrs
SLE: 2D Digital filter
Unit 3: Image Transforms:
Introduction, Need for transform, Image transforms, Fourier
Transform, 2D DFT, properties of 2D-DFT, Walsh Transform,
Hadamnd transform, Hoar Transform, Slant Transform, DCT, K-L
transform, Comparison of Different image Transform.
6 Hrs

52

SLE: MATLAB simulation of transform domain methods.

Unit 4: Image Enhancement:
Introduction, Image Enhancement in spatrate Domain,
Enhancement through point operation, Types of point operation.
Histogram Manipulation, Linear gray-level transformation, Local or
Neighborhood operation, Median filter, Spatial domain high-pass
filtering or image sharpening. Bit-place sliching, image
enhancement in the frequency domain, homomorphic filter,
Zooming operation, Image arthmetric.
10 Hrs
SLE: MATLAB simulation of Enhancement techniques.
Unit 5: Image Restoration
Introduction, Image Degradation, Types of image Blur,
Classification of image restoration techniques, image-restoration
model, linear image restoration techniques, non-linear imagerestoration techniques. Blind Deconvolution, classification of Blinddeconvotion techniques
6 Hrs
SLE: Image restoration in satellite images
Unit6: Image Denoising
Image Denoising, classification of noise in image, median filtering,
Trained Average filter, Performance Metrics in Image restoration,
Applications of Digital Image Restoration
6 Hrs
SLE: Image denoising in medical images.
Text Book:
1. Digital Image Processing, S. Jayaraman, S.
Esakkirajan, T. Veerakumara, Tata McGraw Hill Education
Pvt. Ltd., 2009
Reference Book:
1. Image Processing, Gonzalez, Gatesmark Publishing,
nd
2 Edition, 2009
2. Digital Image Processing, Anil K Jain, Prentice Hall,
1998

53

ARM PROCESSOR (2:0:2)

Sub. Code: EC0310

CIE: 50% Marks

Hrs/week: 2

SEE: 50% Marks

SEE Hrs: 3

Max Marks:100

Pre-requisite:Microprocessors Systems (EC0505)

Course Outcome:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to
1. 1.Describe the ARM programmers model, its architecture
and anylze ARM and thumb instruction set for ARM
processor.
2. Descibe the architectural support of ARM for operating
system and explain the 3-Stages pipeline organization.
3. Analyze advanced mirocontoller bus architecture and
JTAG boundary scan test architecture.
4. Illustrate different ARM processor cores and analyze the
function of memory management unit of ARM.
5. Write and implement programe in assembly language
using keil micro tool.
Unit 1: The ARM Architecture and Instruction Set:
The Acorn RISC Machine.Architectural inheritance.The ARM
programmer's model ARM development tools.
Introduction Exceptions Conditional execution
Branch and
Branch with Link (B, BL), Branch with Link and exchange (BX,
BLX)
Software Interrupt (SWI), Data processing instructions
Multiply instructions, Single word and unsigned byte data transfer
instructions Half-word and signed byte data transfer instructions.
Multiple register transfer instructions. Swap memory and register
instructions (SWP), Status register to general register transfer
instructions. General register to status register transfer instructions.
Coprocessor
instructions,
Coprocessor
data
operations,
Coprocessor data transfers, Coprocessor register transfers.
Unused instruction space. ( Most of the topics will be cover in LAB
sessions)
4 Hrs

54

SLE:

Memory faults, ARM architecture variants.

Unit2: The Thumb Instruction Set:

The Thumb bit in the CPSR, the Thumb programmer's model.
Thumb branch instructions. Thumb software interrupt instruction.
Thumb data processing instructions. Thumb breakpoint instruction.
Thumb implementation. Thumb applications
2Hrs
SLE: Thumb single register and multiple register data transfer
instructions
Unit 3: Architectural Support for Operating Systems:
An introduction to operating systems, the ARM system control
coprocessor, CP15 protection unit registers. ARM protection unit.
CP15 MMU registers.
5 Hrs
SLE: ARM
MMU
architecture.
Contextswitching, Input/Output

Synchronization,

Unit 4: ARM Organization and Implementation:

3-stage pipeline ARM organization .5-stage pipeline ARM
organization. ARM instruction execution. The ARM coprocessor
interface.
3 Hrs
SLE: ARM implementation
Unit 5: The ARM Memory Interface:
The Advanced Microcontroller Bus Architecture (AMBA).The ARM
reference peripheral specification.Hardware system prototyping
tools. The ARMULATOR, The JTAG boundary scan test
architecture.
5 Hrs
SLE:The ARM debug architecture, Embedded Trace. Signal
processing support

55

Unit 6: ARM Processor Cores and Memory Hierarchy:

ARM7 TDMI, ARM8, ARM9, TDMI. Memory size and speed, Onchip memory, Caches, Memory management.
6 Hrs
SLE:

ARM10TDMI, Cache design - an example

Text book:
1. Arm System on chip Architecture, Fuber, Addison
Wesley Longman 2000.
Reference Book:
1. ARM Architecture Reference manual publications,
ARM Limited, 2000.

56