THE ENGLISH VERB TENSES

SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

FORM : S+ VERB1(s) + O+ M + P + T

Do /Does...... dont/doesnt...... V1

1. Repeated actions, often together with always, sometimes, usually, everyday, never, ever etc
When I go to school, I say goodbye my mother everyday.
I usually get up at 9 oclock in the morning.
He goes to work by bus everyday.
Tim sometimes works till 10 pm in the evening.
The banks in Turkey open at 9:00 am and close at 5:00 pm.
The bus 29 arrives at the station at 8 oclock in the morning.
It rains very often in the spring.
They go on a vacation to Bodrum every summer.
A housewife always works at home.
They often come here.
Do you ever exceed the speed limit?
She never scolds her children.
2. Expresses habitual or customary actions and everyday activity
He smokes a lot.(a habit)
She plays football but she doesn't play tennis.
For breakfast he eats rice and drinks cold milk.
She works very hard.
My friend hates fish.
I never drink coffee with milk.
I don't like horror films!
We generally make coffee for our guests.(custom)
I dont drink milk without sugar.
I go to school by car.
3. For general truths and laws of nature.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Water freezes at 0 degrees.
The sun sets in the West.
Water boils at 100 Celsius.
Few people live to be 100 years old.
Does it snow in the Sahara desert?
Money doesn't guarantee happiness.
Plant needs water in order to grow.

The earth goes around the sun.

Kangaroos live in Australia.
Most babies learn to speak when they are about two years old.
Trees lose their leaves in the fall.
Wood floats on water.
Do elephants live longer than humans?
The moon goes around the earth.
Wood floats in water but iron sinks.

4. For timetables and planned future actions referring to a journey (plane, train, bus)
The plane from New York arrives at 9:30.
Hurry up! The train departs in 5 minutes.
She has a piano lesson after school today.
There's no need to hurry.
The train doesn't leave for another 10 minutes.
When does the meeting begin?
The bank opens at 9:00 am and closes at 5:00 pm.
My English course begins at 9 and finishes at 12.
-We leave on the 7:15 plane tomorrow.(we are leaving)
5. In stories and commentaries on football and tennis matches happening at the moment of speaking.
Alex kicks the ball at the goal but it hits the post .The ball comes back to Tuncay. He takes his opportunity and scores.
6. Instructions and directions
You sprinkle some cheese on the pizza and then you bake it. / Open the packet and pour the contents into hot water.
To start the machine, press the yellow button and turn the arrow to the right.
How do I get to the train station? -You go straight on the traffic lights then turn left..
7. In expressions like I think ,I know ,I see etc + sentence (will + V1)
-I dont know how to go.
-I hope everything will be all right.
8. Time clauses beginning with as soon as ,before, until or when ;express future meaning when the verb is in the
present tense.
-I will stay here until he comes back. / She will meet me when I arrive in Ankara. / I will write a report as soon as I finish it.
-Phone me before you leave the office. / You wont eat anything until you have an operation.
-I will inform you as soon as I get there. / As soon as the students finish the project, they will hand it in .
9. In if clauses to talk about the future
-If you study harder, you will succeed. / You will enter the university if you attend the course.
10. With some verbs which can not be used in the continuous form. Love, miss, understand, know, see, hear, want,
appear, prefer(sense verbs)
I love my mother. I understand what you mean. I hear that you will marry a famous, rich man. I prefer the theatre to the
cinema. I know that product from the commercials. It appears to me that he wont come to the party.

11. Suggestions
-Why dont you take a day off tomorrow? Why dont we go swimming in the afternoon?
Note 1***rarely, seldom, hardly ever, almost never and never zarflar anlam olarak negatif olduklarndan
olumsuz cmlelerde kullanlmaz.
-I hardly ever see her. / He almost never puts sugar into his tea.
Note 2***Olumsuz anlam tayan sklk zarflar cmlenin banda kullanldnda cmle devrik olur.
-I have never seen such a terrible storm.=Never have I seen such a terrible storm.
-She seldom makes mistakes.=Seldom does she make mistakes.
-I had hardly left the house when I heard an explosion.=Hardly had I left the house when I heard an explosion.
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE
FORM : S + am/is/are + Ving + O + M + P + T
Now, at the moment, at present, for the time being, right now, just now, just, today, still
1. For actions taking place now, at the moment of speaking
The children are playing in the garden at the moment.
We are studying grammar at the moment.
My father is in the garage now. He is fixing the car.
Mr. Taylor is painting the walls of his house right now.
You are not swimming now.
The children are watching television at present.
What are you doing right now? Are you sleeping?
Look! Its snowing again .
Shhhh! Your father is sleeping. Dont disturb him.
Mary is still playing on the computer.
2. For temporary actions that are going on around now, but not at the actual moment of speaking.
She is writing another book this year.
I am reading the book War and Peace now.
Are you working on any special project at the company at the moment?
She is eating a lot these days.
The government is currently working on a new tax system.
Im looking for a new job these days.
John is trying to improve his foreign language.
He is walking to his office these days because his car needs repairing.
3. For changing or developing situations
-More and more species are becoming extinct.
-The population of the world is getting bigger and bigger.
-The air pollution in big cities is increasing dangerously day by day.
-The air in big cities is getting dangerously dirtier and dirtier day by day.
4. To talk about future happening. Time and place have been decided.
-What are you doing next weekend?
-They are moving into their new house next week.
-Turkey is playing against Denmark tomorrow.
-We are flying to Moscow tomorrow at 9 am.
-Bill is leaving Istanbul in two days.
-The ambassador is giving a welcome party next week.
5. Irritating ,annoyance and anger actions ;together with constantly ,continuously , forever, still, always
You are always interrupting me.
I hate my brother. He is always wearing my shirts without asking me.
Mary is always late for work. Someone should warn her.
She is constantly speaking. I wish she would shut up.
Please change the subject! You are forever talking about your father-in-law. The sun is forever giving us heat and light.
You are always coming late.
He is always losing his keys.
-Im always meeting Sarah when I go shopping.
My little brother is constantly biting his nail.(habit)
6. For two actions that are going on at the same time.
-While my mother is setting the table in the kitchen, Mary is helping her.
7. Unfinished actions at the moment of speaking.
-She is writing a book on the Cyprus problem. / The committee is talking on the refugee problems.
8. In if clause
-If you are going to zmir today, tell my regards to your parents. / If you are entering the exam, you must attend the courses.
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SENSE PERCEPTION
***The verb of senses can be used in the continuous form but usually with a change in the meaning.
Feel =have an opinion
-I feel you are making a mistake.(sanmak)
Feel=ill/tired
-I feel myself very bad.=Im feeling tired (hissetmek)
Hear=to receive sound with your ears
Hear=without an object

-Im hearing something upstairs.

-An old person doesnt hear well.

See=meet
See=understand/to perceive by the eyes

- Im seeing the doctor today.

- I see what you mean./A blind person doesnt see.

Think=to think about something or somebody -Im thinking about holiday.

Think=to have an opinion
-I think you are wrong.
Smell=to notice by using the nose
Smell=to have a particular flavour

-The bride is smelling the rose.

-This perfume smells nice.

Taste=to taste flavour

Taste=to have a particular flavour

-Im tasting the soup to see if there is enough salt in it.

-The fish tastes delicious.

Have=express action Present Cont.

Have=express possessive

-He is having a bath right now.

-He is very rich .He has a Mercedes.

Live=constantly (simple present tense)

Live=temporary (present cont tense)

-They live in Bursa.

-Im living with my friend for the time being.

Weigh=position(simple present tense)

Weigh=action (present cont tense)

-She gave a birth. It weighs 3.5 kg.

-The grocer is weighing the sugar.
THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

FORM : S + V2(ed) + O + M + P + T
did / didnt......V1
Adverbs of time : Yesterday, last night/week /month/year/day, ago, several days ago, two years ago, at 5, in May,
in 1990, last summer
1. For an action which happened at definite time in the past or at the same time as another action happened or was
happening. The time is stated, already known, or implied.
I saw him yesterday.
I didnt go to work last Friday.
Last year, I travelled to China.
The World War II ended in 1945.
She washed the dishes this morning.
I bought a new car three days ago.
It was cold while he was coming here.
I saw him when I came here.
Atatrk founded the Turkish Republic.(well known historical knowledge)
2. For actions which happened immediately one after the other in the past.
First he paid the driver, then he went out of the taxi.
I finished work, went home, had a shower and went to bed early.
He arrived from the airport at 9:00,checked into the hotel at 10:00, and met the others at 11:00.
He went out of the house, closed the door, locked it and then went to work.
3. To indicate past habits or traditions.
-He got up early when he was a student(He used to/would...)
-In ancient times Turkish women rode horses and went to war together with their husbands.
-My father used to smoke twenty cigarettes a day, but now he doesnt.
-He always wore a yellow hat in summer./She never drank alcoholic drinks.
4. To tell stories
-In ancient times, there was a lovable boy. He had no hair on his head, so people called him bald boy Kelolan.
5. Began and ended in a particular time in the past.
-He was in the army from 1923 to 1956.
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-I attended the English course from May to October

-My father worked in Germany between 1989 and 1994.
6. sometimes the time becomes definite or a result of a question and answer in the present perfect.
A- Where have you been ?
B- I have been to the opera.
A- Did you enjoy it? / When did you go? / Who did you go with?

THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORM : S + was / were + Ving + O + M + P + T
Time expressions : This time last year, at the time yesterday, at noon, last Sunday, all morning/evening / day / night,
all last week, for the whole of yesterday, all day yesterday, the whole hour, while, as, just as, when,
1. For an action which was in progress at a stated time in the past
At seven oclock yesterday evening they were having dinner. At this time last week we were lying on the beach.
My father was working in the garage so he didn't hear the telephone when I called him yesterday.
I took my car to the mechanic yesterday because it wasnt working properly.
Sorry, I wasn't listening. Can you say it again please?
What were you doing at 8 o'clock yesterday?
Why were you talking to John when I saw you in the cafeteria yesterday? This time last year I was attending a driving course.
I went home early yesterday. Mom was still cooking the dinner. She was studying English for the whole of yesterday.
2. An action began earlier and was progress when the other action occurred or interrupted (when, while, as etc)
-I was watching TV
when the telephone rang..
(1)
(2)
when the lights went out.
while you were sleeping at ten oclock.
We were eating dinner when my father came.
You phoned while I was having a bath.
When I got home yesterday, a cat was sitting on the roof.
It started to rain just as we were getting ready to go on a picnic.
The boy was standing on the table when the principal came into the room.
Many people were shopping in the market when the bomb exploded.
When I went to bed last night, the sun was already beginning to rise.
It was lucky we weren't sitting under that tree when the lightning hit.
What were you doing when the lights went off last night?
Were you watching me when I showed you how to do it?
How fast was she driving when she had the accident?
While I was studying for the exam, my neighbours came.
3. To express gradual development, for changing or developing situations
-It was getting colder and colder day by day.
-He was getting thinner and thinner because of his illness week by week.
4. To express two or more actions that were happening at the same time in the past.
-Tamer was reading while Ayla was watching.
-I was talking on the phone while I was taking notes.
5. To express an action that was going between two time period
-He was working as an accountant from 1985 to 1989.
-I was drawing a picture between ten and eleven.=I drew a picture from ten to eleven.
6. Unfulfilled past intention (future in the past)
-He was going to the hospital to give blood for a patient, but he had an accident and was killed.
-I was going to speak to him but he wasnt at his office during the day.
-My friend was coming to visit us yesterday but he missed his bus.
-Mr Brown was leaving his job, but his boss insisted him not to leave.
WHEN and WHILE
WHEN
1. When ile kurulan cmleye (adverbial clauses)zarf cmlecii,dier tarafa ise (main clause) temel cmle olarak ifade
edilir. When bulunduu cmle zarf cmlecii SIMPLE PAST, temel cmle ise PAST CONT
When + simple past - Past cont. tense
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-When he came ,I was reading.

-I was walking down the town when I ran into an old friend.
-They were arguing when I entered the room. My father was climbing the stairs when he fell down
2. When ile arka arkaya yaplm eylemleri anlattmzda her iki cmlenin tensi SIMPLE PAST olur.
When + simple past - simple past tense
-When I went out , I locked the door.
-When the teacher asked a question, I raised my hand to answer it.
-When he arrived the house, we started to eat.
-When he saw me, he began to run away.
-When he bought a candy, she stopped crying.
WHILE
1. Devam etmekte olan bir eylem esnasnda,baka bir eylemi anlatmak iin kullanlr.WHLE cmlesi past cont ,temel
cmle ise simple past olur
while + past cont - simple past
-While I was watching TV ,the electricity went out.
-The thief stole valuable things while they were sleeping.
-The Mercedes hit the old woman while she was crossing the street
2. Birbirine paralel iki eylemi anlatmak iin kullanlr.
-She was talking on her mobile phone while she was driving to work.
-While she was chatting on the phone, the dinner was burning.
-While I was studying in one room of our apartment, my roommate was having a party in the other room.
3. Temel cmledeki eylemle ayn anda olan eylem iin kullanlr *******
While +simple past - simple past
-He watched me while I chopped the meat.
-He spoke to me while I drove to Bursa.
-I waited outside while she had an interview.
*** While ile ayn anlamda olan dier bala ise AS dir.
-While /as I was walking home ,it began to rain.
-As I was opening the door, the key was broken in it.
***Just as daha vurgulu anlatmlarda kullanlr.
-Just as I was sitting down for dinner, the telephone rang.
-The time was over just as I was solving the last question.

THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

FORM : S + have / has + V3(ed) +O + M + P + T
1. For a past action where the time is not stated
The President has visited the state hospital.
I have washed the car. (It is clean now!)
I have never seen such a big building. (All my life)
Have you ever eaten at that restaurant yet?
I think I have seen that girl before.
Simon has painted a lot of pictures(when? We dont know the exact time)
They have moved into a new apartment.
We have known him.
***Tam olarak ne zaman gerekletiini belirtirsek o zaman SMPLE PAST olur
I have met Bills wife. I met her at a party last night.
I have already seen this film. I saw it last week.
They have moved to a new apartment. They moved there last week.
2. An action which was done in an incomplete period
-He hasnt worked today/this week. / I have seen my grand dad this morning.
-He hasnt gone to work today. / I have written two articles this month.
3. In time clauses
After
I have eaten my breakfast,
When
or
As soon as I eat my breakfast,

Ill begin to work.

I will begin to work.
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4. An action which has been repeated in a period up to now

I have told you not to tell a lie several times.
I have watched this film many times.
Ben is an athlete . He has won more than ten medals.
I have seen that movie four times.
I have met many new friends since I came here.
How many times have you been to France?
The telephone has rung six times since this morning.
The scientists have made many important inventions since 1900s.
5. With EVER and NEVER (kiilerin belirli eylemleri hayatlarnda tecrbe edip etmediklerini belirtir)
-Have you ever seen a flying fish ? No, I never have/I have never.
-I have never played cricket in my life. / She has never been abroad.
-I have never seen such a pretty girl in my life. / Has she ever met her fiance before?
6. SINCE
***A particular time. (We use SINCE +adverb of time to emphasise when it started or + V2)
I have been in this city
since + friday.
June
1998
June 29, 1998
the beginning of this semester
yesterday
last week
I got the scholarship
-I have met many people since l came here in June.
-I have lived in Aydn since 1999.

-He has worked in that factory since he left school.

-I have been here since seven o clock.

FOR
**A duration of time
I have been in this city for + ten minutes.
three hours
ten days.
about eight years.
several weeks.
many years.
a long time.
years.
-We have been here for two weeks.
-She has worked for the same company for fifteen years.

We have known him for years.

I havent been abroad for ten years.

SO FAR(UP TO NOW; UNTIL NOW)

-We have had four tests so far this semester.
-He has been very successful up to now.

-So far this year I have visited my mother once.

-Jane hasnt called me until now.

LATELY, RECENTLY(doesnt express certain time)

-We have had a great trouble with our car recently.

-I havent bought any new books lately.

ALREADY: ***we use in positive sentence(tahmin edilen zamandan nce yapld anlamn verir)
A)Why dont you come with us to the cinema?
B)Thank you , I have already seen that film.
JUST: ***We use in positive sentence
A)Have you seen Mr Brown?
B)I have just seen him in the lift.
-Be careful, I have just explained the rule.
YET: ***We use in negative and question
-I began to read this book two months ago, and I havent finished it yet. -All guests havent arrived yet.
-Have you seen this film yet?
- Has Ali been abroad yet?
7. After the ordinal numbers and superlative form
the first time I have met Tim.
a)This is the second time I have driven a car.
the third cup of tea I have drunk.
Ali is
the second runner in the team who has won the medal.
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b)This is
She is

the longest film I have ever seen.

the best film we have seen.
the most difficult situation I have ever been in.
the most hardworking student in her class Ive ever taught.

8. It is + a period of time+ since +simple past/present perfect

-It is three months since
I last went to the cinema
-It is five years
since
I saw my mother.
Note: Been to / gone to / been in kullanrken dikkatli olmak gerekir
*They have gone to the cinema. (They arent here now, they are at the cinema)
*They have been to the cinema. (They went and came back)
*I have been to Russia several times. (Im not in Russia now)
We have been in Aydn for 10 years. (stay, live)
The Comparison of the Simple past and The Present Perfect tense
1. -Ali has had a terrible traffic accident.> we express that we are still thinking at the results of the action such as the car has
been damaged, the driver has been injured etc.
-Ali had a terrible traffic accident last week.>we express that only the action is completed emphatically.
***last, yesterday, ago, in 1990 simple past tense ile kullanlr; pres. perf ile kullanlmaz.
2. When an event or activity is expressed by using the present perfect but simple past is used in other sentences
relating to that event.
-Somebody has broken the glass. (pres perf)
-Who broke it? When did you break it? -How did you break it?(simple past)
THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
FORM : S + have / has + been + Ving + O + M + P + T
Adverbs of time : For ,since ,ever since, all day, all week /year
1. To talk about an action which began in the past and is still continuing.
-I have been living here since 1999.
-The men have been planting trees along both sides of the road for a week.
-She has been talking on the phone for half an hour.
2. To describe an action which has recently finished, the result of the action is visible in the present.
-People have been arriving at the meeting place for two hours.
-Her feet hurt. She has been walking all day.
-He is tired. He has been painting all the walls since eight oclock.
-It has been raining all day. Everywhere is wet.
3. To express annoyance and to pay attention to what is said.
-Somebody has been giving away our plans.
-He has been smoking without thinking of his heart disease.
4. Without thinking of the exact length of time ; lately, recently
-He has been drinking alcohol a lot lately. / My son has been coming home late recently.
The comparison THE PRESENT PERFECT and THE PRES PERF. CONT
1. Verbs of perception: we dont use in present perfect cont. tense(like, love, know) but work ,live ,teach, feel
we use in both present perfect and present perfect continuous tense
-We have known each other for a long time.
-We have lived/been living here for twenty years
- My mother has taught/been teaching at a primary school.
2. Perfect tense , perfect continuous tense gre hareketin sona erdiini gsterir.
-I have painted the house. (finished action)
-I have been painting the house for two hours. (continuous action)
-We have answered the questions. (finished)
-We have been answering the questions for an hour. (continuous action)
3. We use repeated actions only for Present perfect
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-We have visited him twice.

-I have seen this film many times.

***since and for ile belirtilen zamanlar How long sorusu ile sorulur.
FORM : S + had + V3 ++ O + M + P + T

THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

1. The past perfect tense expresses an activity that was completed before another activity or time in the past.
-The patient had died until the doctor arrived. / I had eaten pizza before I came here.
-He was happy. He had signed an important contract. (because)
-When I saw her again ten years later, I had found her greatly changed. She had dyed her hair blond and had got thinner.
2. In the sentence, if before or after is used, there is no need to use past perfect, because it is clear that which
action is first and there is no difference in meaning.
After the meeting (had) finished, everybody went home.
Jack (had) left before I got to the office.
Before Mrs. Green went to bed, she had taken her sleeping pill. ( or took her sleeping pill)
After the old man (had) died, the doctor came.
NOTE: BY THE TIME , kullanld past perfect cmlelerde bir eylemin, gemite baka bir eylem gereklemeden nce hali
hazrda tamamlanm olduunu belirtmek iin kullanlr.
By the time Susan arrived, we had already finished the work.
They had already eaten everything by the time we went to the restaurant.
3. Wishes and unreal conditions about the past, wish as a subjunctive
-If I had received your invitation Id have come to your wedding party.(but I didnt receive it)
-I wish that I hadnt eaten all that chocolate.(but I did.)
-I wish I had been a doctor.=I am not a doctor. I wish I were a doctor.
TIME CLAUSES in SIMPLE PAST and PAST PERFECT(Conjunctive of time)
***eylemlerin gemiteki olu sralar nemlidir. ki eylemden daha nce olan PAST PERFECT ,daha
sonra olan ise SIMPLE PAST ile ifade edilir.
AFTER

After + past perfect/simple past , simple past

***olaylarn meydana gelme zaman birbirine yakn olduu durumlarda simple past kullanlr.
-After I closed the door , I locked it.
-After the guests had left ,I went to bed.=After the guests left ,I went to bed.
-After she had typed the letter ,she posted it=After she typed the letter ,she posted it
-After he had completed his project , he took his annual leave.
BEFORE

Before +simple past - past perfect/simple past

-San had left/left before we got there.
-My mother had set /set the table before the guests arrived.
-I had checked my annual homework many times before I handed it to the teacher.
TILL/UNTIL

Till/until + simple past - simple past/ past perfect

Simple past, until +past perfect

-Until he went to Japan , he had never spoken it.

-He worked /had worked in that company until he got married.
-He refused to go until he had seen all the papers. ****
-I didnt turn off the light until the children had gone to bed.***
WHEN
***kullandmz tense gre farkllk gsterir
-When the guests left home , she had gone to bed. (yataa gitmiti)
-When the guests left home , she went to bed. (yataa gitti)
-When he told me to do it ,I had already done it.(yapmtm)
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-When he told me to do it ,I did it.(yaptm)

***already, just ,yet, hardly ,scarcely gibi zarflar when ile kullanldnda past perfect tense olur.
BY THE TIME

By the time + simple past , past perfect tense

-By the time we arrived there , all of the passengers had already died.
-The secretary had finished the report by the time her boss called.
-By the time they came , I had finished cleaning.
AS SOON AS
***temel cmle ile yan cmle arasnda geen zamann ok ksa olduunu vurgular
As soon as + past perfect/simple past - simple past
-As soon as he had graduated from the university ,he went abroad=After he graduated from university , he went abroad.
-As soon as the teacher had come in , she cried out all the students.
-As soon as she had closed/closed the door , she locked it.
THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
FORM : S + had + been + Ving + O + M + P + T
1. The past perfect cont tense is used to state a continuous action before a time or another action in the past.
-By 1966,I had been working as a primary school teacher in a village for eight years.
-They had been looking for a house for six months when they bought this house.
-The children had been playing in the garden for two hours when their mother came.
2. To state process of time
-It had been raining during last night. / Ali had been studying all night yesterday.
-Mary died last week. She had been suffering from cancer more than ten years.
The comparison of PAST CONT and PAST PERFECT CONT
a) ne kadar srdnden (how long)bahsedilirse past perf cont olur.
-We had been watching TV for an hour when the lights went out.
-We had been looking for her for 2 hours by the time somebody phoned us from the police station.
b) sre ifade edilmezse her ikisede kullanlr
-We were watching TV when the lights went out =We had been watching TV when the lights went out
THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE
FORM : S + will + V1 + O + M + P + T
*It expresses future time
-He will finish his work tomorrow.
-I shall speak to her myself. (old English)
-Shall we go to the hospital tomorrow? (suggestion)
-Shall we have a picnic at the weekend? (suggestion)
*negative form will>wont
adverbs of time
tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day/week/month/year/summer, in two days, in one hour, two days from now, soon,
two days/three weeks/four months later
1 . In prediction about the future, usually with the verbs think ,expect , suppose, believe, be sure, be afraid + will V1
-Im afraid we wont be on time for the meeting.
-I think I will take a bad grade.
-I believe she will come on time.
2 . For on the spot decisions (konuma anna ait kararlar)
a) I dont know how to go and find his house. x) I think there is something wrong with it.
b) Dont worry .I will come and show you.
y) I will take and show it.
3. To state uncertainty situation (perhaps ,probably)
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-It will probably rain tomorrow.

-Perhaps they will come today./ They are friends, perhaps she will marry him.
4. Usually with the meaning of the verbs: promise , swear, guarantee, threat ,warn, request ,hope , offer
a) I dont understand this exercise. Will you help me with it? (request)
b) Of course! I will explain it for you. (offer)
5. For actions /events/situations which will definitely happen in the future and which we can not control.
-The temperature will reach 40 C tomorrow.
-In the end of the world everything will be destroyed.
6. Determinations and persistence
-I will give up smoking.=I intend to give up smoking.
7. Going to future : intentions and plans for the future action
Im going to enter the ALES exam.
We are going to visit our grandparents in the village next week.
Our neighbours are going to spend their holiday at the sea side.
FUTURE TENSE IN TIME CLAUSES (zaman balalar)
Before
After
As soon as
When
Until

+ simple present , will/going to + V1

***yan cmle Simple present, temel cmle will or be going to

-After she graduates , she will get a job.
-I will leave the office before he comes.
-When I see him, I will ask it for you.
-As soon as it stops raining, we will leave.
-I will never speak to him as long as/so long as I live.
Before
After
As soon as
When
Until

+ present perfect , will /going to + V1

***eer gelecekte bir eylemi tamamladktan sonra dierini yapacamz vurgulamak istiyorsak yan cmle de PRESENT
PERFECT kullanlr
-As soon as I have finished with this picture, I am going to sell it.
-After I have eaten dinner, we are going to leave.
-We will wait until the interview has finished.

THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

FORM : S + will + be + V ing + O + M + P + T
Adverbs of time : at this time tomorrow, next year/month /week , at the same time
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1. For an action which will be in progress at a stated future time or with another action.
-We will be having a lesson while you are sleeping.
-Dont come to the office between nine and eleven .I will be having an interview then.
-At this time tomorrow, I wont be in Turkey. Ill be flying to London.
2. When we can ask politely about someones plan for the future(what we want to know is if our wishes fit in with
their plans)
a) Will you be going to the chemists?
b) Yes ,what do you want?
a) A bottle of shampoo, please.
x) Will you be using your car tomorrow?
y) No ,do you want to go somewhere?
3. To emphasize the future intention when it is necessary
-I will be preparing for my exam this time next month.
-I wont be going there.
THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE
FORM : S +will + have + V3 +O + M + P + T
Time expressions
Before, when , by the time, in a week, in ten days(in ten days time), by, by then ,
1. For an action which will be finished before a stated future time or an action.
-She will have delivered all the newspapers by eight oclock.
-By the next time I see you, I will have graduated.
-The film will have already started by the time we get to the cinema.
-We will have done all the exercises before the lesson ends.
-I hope you will have finished your work by then.
-By next October I will have worked here for exactly five years.
-We will have already eaten dinner when he comes.
***by + time expression >by two oclock, by tomorrow
by the time + sentence >by the time we get to the cinema
***until / till are used in negative sentences
-She wont have completed the report until /till 5 oclock .
-She will have finished the report by tomorrow.( not until/till tomorrow)
THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE
FORM : S+ will + have been + Ving + O + M + P +T
***the future perfect continuous tense is used with by..for.
To emphasize the duration of an action up to a certain time in the future
-By the end of the next month, she will have been teaching for twenty years.
-I will have been sleeping for four hours by the time he gets home.
-By the time they reach work, they will have been travelling for two hours.
-When professor John retires next month, he will have been teaching for 45 years.

Extra information / Summary

***Other ways of expressing the future ***
A) A definite future arrangements by the present continues tense
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-They are going to America next Monday. I am visiting my doctor at 4 oclock tomorrow.
B) A planned future by the simple present tense: time tables
-The train for Ankara leaves at seven. The plane from London arrives at 7.15.
C) Be about to V1, be on the verge of Ving, be on the point of Ving expresses that something is going to happen very soon.
-The bell is about to ring . / Im sorry but Im about to leave the office. /She is on the verge of falling out the window.
D) BE GOING TO
1. For plans , intentions or ambitions we have for the future.
-Im going to become a famous violinist one day.
-Im going to finish this report this morning.
2. For actions we have already decided to do in the near future.
-They are going to get married in the near future.
-I am going to paint my bedroom tomorrow.
3. In predictions when there is evidence that something will happen in the near future.
-Look at the clouds ! It is going to rain.
-Look at that fasting car! It is going to hit the bus.
***be going to in the past was/were going to
to talk about things we intended to do or plans but we couldnt do.
-Mr Simon was going to resign , but the manager offered him a better salary.
-I was going to paint my room, but I didnt have time
E) Will future
I will visit my grandparents next year. / Well go for a picnic next Sunday.
FOR:
a) I have been working in this company for 8 years.
b) I had been working in this company for 8 years when I went abroad.
c) I will have been working in this company for 30 years when/by the time I get retired.
d) All tenses
I will be in Ankara for two weeks.
She always goes for a holiday for a month every year.
I was in London for a year.
By the time:
I had been studying for the exam for 3 hours by the time my father came home last night.
I will have finished the house work by the time the guests arrive.
*******DONT confuse the use/usage of these tenses.
1)
2)

Present cont. vs Present perfect cont.

Past cont. vs Past perfect cont.

3)
4)
5)

Future cont.vs Future perfect cont.

Simple past vs Present perfect tense
Perfect Tenses vs perfect Cont. tenses
a. Present Perf. vs Present Perf. cont.
b. Past perf. vs past perf. cont.
c. Future perf. vs. future perf. cont.

Im reading a book now.- I have been reading a book for two days.
I was attending the course last year. I had been attending the course for two weeks
when I met you.
I will be teaching this time next week. Ill have been teaching for 20 years by 2012.
I learned English last year. I have learned English so far.
finished action continuous action with for/since

Since = I havent seen my primary school teacher since I left school.

I first met my schoolmate Ahmet two years ago, I havent met him since. / since then.
I reviewed this subject last week, since then, I havent even opened the book. (, ever since, )

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