DJJD

2015/16

Engineering Mathematics I
Tutorial Sheet Trigonometry

Right-Angled Triangles

1. Obtain sin , cos , tan , csc , sec , cot in the following right-angled triangle.

Finally use your calculator to obtain the value of .

2. Write down the 6 trigonometric functions of the angle for each of the following triangles:

3. If is an acute angle such that sin = 2/7 obtain, without use of a calculator, cos and
tan .
4. Use your calculator to obtain the acute angles satisfying
(a) sin = 0.5260,

(b) tan = 2.4,

5. Solve the right-angled triangle shown:

(c) cos = 0.2

6. A surveyor measures the angle of elevation between the top of a mountain and ground level
at two different points. The results are shown in the following figure. Use trigonometry
to obtain the distance z (which cannot be measured) and then obtain the height h of the
mountain.

7. As shown below two tracking stations S1 and S2 sight a weather balloon (WB) between
them at elevation angles and respectively. Show that the height h of the balloon is
given by
h=

c
cot + cot

8. An entry in a soap box derby rolls down a hill as shown in the figure. Find the total distance
(d1 + d2 ) that the soap box travels.

Trigionometric Functions

9. Express the following angles in radians (as multiples of )

(a) 120 ,

(b) 20 ,

(c) 135 ,

(d) 300 ,

(e) 90 ,

(f) 720

10. Express in degrees the following quantities which are in radians:

3
5
11

1
(a) , (b)
, (c)
, (d)
, (e)
, (f)
2
2
6
9
8

11. Obtain the precise values of all 6 trigonometric functions of the angle for the situation
shown in the figure:

12. Obtain all the values of x between 0 and 2 such that

1
1
3
1
(a) sin x = , (b) cos x = , (c) sin x =
, (d) cos x = ,
2
2
2
2
1
(e) tan x = 2, (f) tan x = ,
2

(g) cos(2x + 60 ) = 2,

(h) cos(2x + 60 ) =

1
2

13. Obtain all the values of in the given domain satisfying the following quadratic equations:
(a) 2 sin2 sin = 0,

0 360

(b) 2 cos2 + 7 cos + 3 = 0

0 360

(c) 4 sin2 1 = 0
14. (a) Show that the area A of a sector formed by a central angle radians in a circle of radius
r is given by
1
A = r2
2
(Hint: By proportionality the ratio of the area of the sector to the total area of the circle
equals the ratio of to the total angle at the centre of the circle.)
(b) What is the value of the shaded area shown in the figure if is measured
(i) in radians,

(ii) in degrees?

15. Sketch, over 0 < < 2, the graph of

1
1
(a) sin 2, (b) sin , (c) cos 2, (d) cos
2
2
Mark the horizontal axis in radians in each case. Write down the period of sin 2 and the
1
period of cos .
2

Trigionometric Identities

16. Show that sin t sec t = tan t.

17. Show that (1 + sin t)(1 + sin(t)) = cos2 t.
18. Show that
1
1
= sin 2.
tan + cot
2
19. Show that sin2 (A + B) sin2 (A B) = sin 2A sin 2B.
(Hint: the left hand side is the difference of the squared quantities.)
20. Show that
sin 4 + sin 2
= tan 3.
cos 4 + cos 2
21. Show that cos4 A sin4 A = cos 2A
22. Express each of the following as the sum (or difference) of 2 sines (or cosines)
(a) sin 5x cos 2x,

(b) 8 cos 6x cos 4x,

(c)

1
3

sin 12 x cos 23 x

23. Express
(a) sin 3 in terms of cos .

(b) cos 3 in terms of cos .

24. By writing cos 4x as cos 2(2x), or otherwise, express cos 4x in terms of cos x.
25. Show that
tan 2t =

2 tan t
2 sec2 t

26. Show that

cos 10t cos 12t
= tan t
sin 10t + sin 12t

27. Show that the area of an isosceles triangle with equal sides of length x is
A=

x2
sin
2

where is the angle between the two equal sides. Hint: Use the following figure:

Applications of Trigionometric to Triangles

28. Determine the remaining angles and sides for the following triangles:
(a)

(b)

(c) The triangles ABC with B = 50 , b = 5, c = 6. (Take special care here!)

(d)

29. Determine all the angles of the triangles ABC where the sides have lengths a = 7, b = 66
and c = 9.

30. (a) Use the cosine rule and half angle formulae to show that, for a triangle with sides of
length a, b, c
r
r
1
s(s a)
(s b)(s c)
1
,
sin A =
cos A =
2
bc
2
bc
a+b+c
(the semi-perimeter of the triangle.)
2
(b) Hence show that the area of a triangle is given by
where s =

s(s a)(s b)(s c)

31. Two ships leave a port at 8.00 am, one travelling at 12 knots (nautical miles per hour)
the other at 10 knots. The faster ship maintains a bearing of N47 W, the slower one a
bearing S20 W. Calculate the separation of the ships at midday. (Hint: Draw an appropriate
diagram.)
32. The crank mechanism shown below has an arm OA of length 30 mm rotating anticlockwise about 0 and a connecting rod AB of length 60 mm. B moves along the horizontal line
1
OB. What is the length OB when OA has rotated by of a complete revolution from the
8
horizontal?

Applications of Trigionometric to Waves

33. Write down the amplitude and the period of y =

5
sin 2t.
2

34. Write down the amplitude, frequency and phase of




(a) y = 3 sin 2t
3


3
(b) y = 15 cos 5t
2
35. The current in an a/c circuit is
i(t) = 30 sin 120t amps
Here t is measured in seconds. What is the maximum current and at what times does it
occur?

36. The depth y of water at the entrance to a small harbour at time t is




y = a sin b t
+k
2
where k is the average depth. If the tidal period is 12 hours, the depths at high tide and
low tide are 18 metres and 6 metres respectively, obtain a, b, k and sketch two cycles of the
graph of y.
37. The Fahrenheit temperature at a certain location over 1 day is modelled by
F (t) = 60 + 10 sin

(t 8)
12

0 t 24

where t is in the time in hours after midnight.

(a) What are the temperatures at 8.00 am and 12.00 noon?
(b) At what time is the temperature 60 F?
(c) Obtain the maximum and minimum temperatures and the times at which they occur.
38. In each of the following write down expressions for shifted sine and shifted cosine functions that satisfy the given conditions:

2
, Phase shift
3
3
(b) Amplitude 0.7, Period 0.5, Phase shift 4.

(a) Amplitude 3, Period

39. Write the a/c current

i = 3 cos 5t + 4 sin 5t
in the form
i = C cos(5 ).
40. Show that if
A cos t + B sin t = C sin(t + )
then
C=

A2 + B 2 ,

cos =

B
,
C

sin =

A
C

41. Using the previous question, express the following in the amplitude/phase form:
C sin(t + )

(a) y = 3 sin 2t + cos 2t

(b) y = cos 2t + 3 sin 2t

42. The motion of a weight on a spring is given by

y=

1
2
cos 8t sin 8t
3
6

Obtain C and such that

y = C sin(8t + )
43. Show that for the two a/c currents



i1 = sin t +
3




i2 = 3 cos t
6

then



i1 + i2 = 4 cos t
6

44. Show that the power P =

v2
in an electrical circuit where v = V0 cos(t + ) is
R
4
2
V
P = 0 (1 sin 2t)
2R

45. Show that the product of the two signals

f1 (t) = A1 sin t

f2 (t) = A2 sin[(t + ) + ]

is given by
f1 (t)f2 (t) =

A1 A2
[cos( + ) cos(2t + + )].
2