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Abstract
The experiment aims to determine the activation energy
of the reaction, to determine the specific rate constant for
the reaction and lastly, to discuss the effect of
temperature on the reaction rate. On two Erlenmeyer
flasks, 100 mL HCl and 100 mL C4H8O2 were placed,
and then placed on a constant water bath at the selected
temperature (7.0, 28.9, 55C) and allowed to attain
thermal equilibrium for about 5 minutes. After which, 5
mL of the ester was placed on the acid and the time for
mixing was recorded. For a certain temperature, 5 mL of
the reaction mixture was added to 75 mL iced H2O (For
different temperatures, different sampling schemes was
followed to fully observe the effects of temperature
change on the rate), time for mixing was recorded when
approximately half of the reaction mixture has flowed
down the pipette. Titration was done thereafter. It can be
seen from this experiment that rate of reaction is
concentration dependent while rate constant is not. Also,
that the rate constant for the hydrolysis of ethyl acetate
with sodium hydroxide using HCl as a catalyst is
approximately 0.00204min-1cm-3. The activation
energy of the reaction is 3497.58 J/mol which is
INTRODUCTION
d lnK E
=
dt
RT
is the activation
(T 2T 1)
K2
E
log
=
+
K 1 2.303 RT
T 2T 1
Collisions only result in a reaction if the
particles collide with enough energy to get the reaction
started. This minimum energy required is called the
activation energy for the reaction. Only those particles
represented by the area to the right of the activation
energy will react when they collide. The great majority
doesnt have enough energy, and will simply bounce
apart.
To speed up the reaction, you need to increase
the number of the very energetic particles - those with
energies equal to or greater than the activation energy.
Increasing the temperature has exactly that effect - it
changes the shape of the graph.[2]
In summary, Increasing the temperature
increases reaction rates because of the disproportionately
large increase in the number of high energy collisions. It
is only these collisions (possessing at least the activation
energy for the reaction) which result in a reaction.
Experimentally, it is observed that rate of a
reaction increases with rise of temperature. This is
because as you increase the temperature, the kinetic
energy of the reactants increase, allowing for more
collisions between the molecules. This, therefore, allows
for products to be formed faster. [3]In general rate of a
reaction becomes double on rise of
(usually
).
Eq. 1
(V oV )
log (V tV )
ktV
2.303
Vo
+ log V t
EXPERIMENTAL SECTION
mL NaOH
15.61
17.01
18.45
19.42
20.42
21.37
c=(Vo-V)/
(Vt-V)
1.00
1.32
1.97
2.95
6.06
-
logc
0
0.12
0.29
0.47
0.78
-
(min)
5
15
25
35
65
(Vt-V)
1.00
1.31
1.79
4.88
-
17.40
18.60
19.64
21.43
22.47
0
0.12
0.25
0.69
-
0.8
0.6
log c
0.4
0.2
0
0
10
20
30
0.8
Linear ()
0.6
Linear ()
0.4
40
log c
0.2
Time
Linear ()
Linear ()
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time
mL NaOH
16.29
16.47
16.61
16.80
17.06
c=(Vo-V)/
(Vt-V)
1.00
1.31
1.71
2.96
-
logc
0
0.12
0.23
0.47
-
0.4
0.2
Linear ()
Linear ()
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time
mL NaOH
c=(Vo-V)/
logc
Ea
ln A
RT
V.
-5.95
-6
-6.05
-6.1
-6.15
CONCLUSION
-6.2
-6.25
REFERENCES
Using the slope of the graph which equal to
1
T
Ea
log =
R
slope
k vs
ERROR ANALYSIS
[1]http://www.britannica.com/science/reactionrate#ref274425
[2]http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/basicrates/temp
erature.html
[3]http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/Core/Physical_Chemistr
y/Kinetics/Reaction_Rates/Reaction_Rate#Temperature_
Dependence
[4]http://www.scihub.org/AJSIR/PDF/2015/1/AJSIR-61-1-4.pdf
[5]http://bouman.chem.georgetown.edu/S02/lect4/lect4.h
tm
[6]http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/basicrates/
temperature.html [Date Accessed: February 10,
2016]
[7] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activation_energy
APPENDICES
NaOH Standardization
Run
1
2
Reaction Rate
slope ( log c vs t )=
kV
2.303
k =0.022(0.2137)/(2.303)
k =0.00204 /s
1
T
Ea
log =
R
slope
k vs
Ea =420.66 ( 8.314 51 )
Ea =3497.58
Activation Energy
J
mol