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CompTest2006
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Progressive Damage Modeling In Fiber-Reinforced

Materials
Ireneusz Lapczyk, Juan Hurtado
Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials
Outline
Overview of Damage Model for Fiber-Reinforced Materials
Example
Damage Model for Fiber-Reinforced Materials: Overview

The damage in the material is anisotropic
Four different failure modes are taken into account: fiber tension, fiber
compression, matrix tension, matrix compression
The behavior of the undamaged material is linearly elastic
The model must be used with elements with a plane stress formulation (plane
stress, shell, continuum shell, and membrane elements)
Post-localization response is regularized (Crack Band Model)
The model can be used in conjunction with a viscous regularization scheme to
improve the convergence rate in the softening regime
Damage Initiation (Hashins criteria)

MODE I: fiber tension
MODE III: matrix tension

f I = 11T + 12L ,
X
S
where 0 1
(1)
MODE II: fiber compression
11
(2)
f II = C
X
(3)
MODE IV: matrix compression
S L , S T , X T , X C ,Y T ,Y C
f III
12
= 22
+ L
T
Y
material strengths
f IV
2
22 Y C
= T + T
2 S 2 S
2
2

1 22
+ 12L
C
S
Y
(4)
Damaged Material Response (Matzenmiller, Lubliner, Taylor)
Effective Stress
= M
(1)
M damage operator
1
1 d
f
M= 0
0
1
1 dm
0
1
1 d s
d f , d m , d s damage variables
(2)
Damaged Material Response, cont.

Damaged Compliance Matrix:
1
(1 d )E
1
f
H = 12
E1
21
E2
1
(1 d m )E 2
0
(1 d s )G
0
(1)
E1 , E 2 , G s undamaged moduli
12 , 21 Poisson' s ratios
Damaged Elasticity Matrix:
(1 d f )E1
1
C = (1 d f )(1 dm )12E2
D
0
where
(1 d )(1 d )
f
(1 dm )E2
0
21 1
D(1 ds )G
0
D = 1 (1 d f )(1 d m ) 12 21 > 0
d s = 1 (1 d ft )(1 d fc )(1 d mt )(1 d mc )

(2)
Damaged Material Response, cont.

Gibbs Free Energy:
11
1 11
+
G=
2 E1 1 d ft
1 d fc
+ 1
2E2
2
22 2
22
+
1 d mt
1 d mc
2

12 11 22 + 12
E1
G (1 d s )
is Macauley bracket operator, defined for every as =
where
(1)
)
Energy Dissipation:
number mod es
D =
Yi di 0
i =1
where
Yi =
G
are thermodyna mic forces
d i
(2)
Damage Evolution
The modeling approach is a generalization of that used to model cohesive

elements, which is based on the work of C. Davila and P. Camanho
The evolution law is based on the energy dissipated during the process
Linear material softening is assumed
equivalent
stress
eqf ( eq eq0 )
d =
eq ( eqf eq0 )
A
B
C
0
o
eq
Figure 1.
f
eq
equivalent displacement
(1)
Equivalent Displacements and Stresses
Fiber Tensile Mode
eqft =
Fiber Compressive Mode
eqfc = 11
Matrix Tensile Mode
eqmt =
Matrix Compressive Mode
where
and Lc
mc
eq
11
22
+ 122
+ 122
22
ij = Lc ij
is the characteristic length
11 11 + 12 12
eqft
11 11
eqct =
eqfc
eqft =
eqmt =
2
12
eqmc =
22 22 + 1212
eqmt
22 22 + 1212
eqmc
Damage Evolution: Procedure

Evaluate the initiation criterion,
fI
eq , eq
Compute equivalent displacement and stress,
Compute equivalent displacement and stress at the onset of damage
0 =
eq
Store
eq
fI
and eq0 =
eq
fI
eq0 and eq0
Compute equivalent displacement at full damage
eqf =
2G If
eq0
Update the damage variable
f
0
eq
eq
eq
d I = max d I ,OLD ,
eq eqf eq0
10
Mesh Dependence
Example: uniaxial tension
Figure 1. Bar subjected to axial load
Figure 2. Localization of deformation
the energy dissipated is specified per unit volume

the results are mesh dependent
deformation localizes into one layer of elements
Figure 3. Force-displacement for different discretizations
11
Mesh Dependency, cont.

The energy dissipated is regularized using Crack Band Model (Bazant and Oh)
The energy dissipated, Gf, is expressed per unit area instead of per unit volume
Characteristic length, Lc, is introduced, computed as
Lc = AI, where AI is the area at an integration point
The post-localization stress-displacement response is computed correctly
Figure 1.
12
13
Viscous Regularization
Generalization of the Duvaut-Lions regularization model
1
dft =
d ft d ft
ft
1
dmt =
d mt d mt
mt
1
d fc =
d fc d fc
fc
1
dmc =
d mc d mc
mc
(1a-b)
ft, fc, mt, mc - are viscosities

d ft , d fc , d mt , d mc - are used to compute damaged stiffness matrix
(2a-b)
14
Viscous Regularization, cont.
Updating Regularized Damage Variables
d Iv
t 0 + t
t
d
I + t I
t0 + t
I
I + t
d Iv
t0
where I denotes a damage mode
(1)
Jacobian
= Cd +
d Iv
t
=
d I I + t
C d d I t
v
d I I + t
(2)
15
Viscous Regularization, cont.

Damage Energy
E D =
(C d ) t
+ (C d ) t
0 + t
t 0 + t
(1)
t0
free energy
Viscous Energy Dissipation
EV =
(C d ) t
C d0 = C d0 (d I )
( )
C d = C d d Iv
+ (C d ) t
0 + t
(C )
0
d
t0
( )
+ C d0
2
t 0 + t
(2)
Output
Initiation Criteria Variables
HSNFTCRT tensile fiber Hashins criterion
HSNFCCRT compressive fiber Hashins criterion
HSNMTCRT tensile matrix Hashins criterion
HSNMCCRT compressive matrix Hashins criterion
Damage Variables
DAMAGEFT tensile fiber damage
DAMAGEFC compressive fiber damage
DAMAGEMT tensile matrix damage
DAMAGEMC compressive matrix damage
DAMAGESHR - shear damage
Status
STATUS element status (1 present, 0 removed)
Energies
Damage energy (ALLDMD,DMENER,ELDMD,EDMDDEN)
Viscous regularization (ALLCD, CENER, ELCD, ECDDEN)
16
17
Example: Failure of Blunt Notched Fiber Metal Laminates
Plate Geometry
1/8 part model
50 mm
x
z
d = 4.8 mm
1.406 mm
300 mm
Example: Failure of Blunt Notched Fiber Metal Laminates
Through-thickness view of the laminate
18
Example: Results
Figure 1. Fiber damage pattern

Figure 2. Load-displacement curve
19
Example: Results
Figure 1. Matrix tension damage pattern
Figure 2. Matrix compression damage pattern
20
21
Example: Energy dissipation
Figure 1.
Figure 2.
22
Example: Results
Blunt Notch Strength (MPa) for Different Viscosities
Numerical Results (SC8R, 0 angle)
Experimental Results
(De Vries, 2001)
f=0.001
f=0.0005
f=0.00025
466.6
461.3
454.2
446

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CompTest2006

Progressive Damage Modeling In Fiber-Reinforced

Ireneusz Lapczyk, Juan Hurtado

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Overview of Damage Model for Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Damage Model for Fiber-Reinforced Materials: Overview

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Damage Initiation (Hashins criteria)

MODE III: matrix tension

MODE II: fiber compression

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

MODE IV: matrix compression

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Damaged Material Response (Matzenmiller, Lubliner, Taylor)

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Damaged Material Response, cont.

Damaged Elasticity Matrix:

d s = 1 (1 d ft )(1 d fc )(1 d mt )(1 d mc )

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Damaged Material Response, cont.

is Macauley bracket operator, defined for every as =

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

The modeling approach is a generalization of that used to model cohesive

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Equivalent Displacements and Stresses

Fiber Tensile Mode

Fiber Compressive Mode

Matrix Tensile Mode

Matrix Compressive Mode

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Damage Evolution: Procedure

Compute equivalent displacement and stress,

Compute equivalent displacement and stress at the onset of damage

eq0 and eq0

Compute equivalent displacement at full damage

Update the damage variable

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Figure 1. Bar subjected to axial load

Figure 2. Localization of deformation

the energy dissipated is specified per unit volume

Figure 3. Force-displacement for different discretizations

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Mesh Dependency, cont.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Generalization of the Duvaut-Lions regularization model

ft, fc, mt, mc - are viscosities

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Viscous Regularization, cont.

Updating Regularized Damage Variables

where I denotes a damage mode

Copyright 2006 ABAQUS, Inc.

Progressive Damage Modeling in Fiber-Reinforced Materials

Viscous Regularization, cont.