WHICH FUTURE FOR THE SRF MARKET?

CLASSIFICATION AND SPECIFICATION OF SRF

ACCORDING TO EN 15359 AND OVERVIEW OF THE
EUROPEAN STANDARDS DEVELOPED BY CEN/TC
343 SOLID RECOVERED FUELS
MILAN November 20, 2013
Room Pirelli Regione Lombardia
dr. Mattia Merlini
Standardization Division Italian Termotechnical Committee (CTI)
Project Leader WG 903 Energy from waste

CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

MANDATE 325
CEN/TC 343 SOLID RECOVERED FUELS
CLASSIFICATION AND SPECIFICATION: EN 15359
ITALY BACKGROUND
CTIs ROLE
CTI DOCUMENTS ON SRF
CONCLUDING REMARKS - WHICH FUTURE FOR THE SRF MARKET?

Aggiornamento sulla normativa tecnica 6 Novembre 2013

1. MANDATE M/325
Directive 2001/77/EC includes in its scope the production of electricity from
biomass
Why SRF has potential?
satisfy energy requirements

help to reach landfill targets

help to stop depletion of fossil fuels
help to reach CO2-targets
In 2002, EC gave a mandate (M/325) to CEN to develop standards for SRF
1.Develop a set of Technical Specifications (TSs)
2.Transform this set of TSs into European Standards (ENs)
3.These ENs shall be presented as a package, after validation
Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

2. CEN/TC 343 SOLID RECOVERED FUELS

Established on 13 March 2002
Scope
Elaboration of Standards, Technical Specifications and Technical Reports on
solid recovered fuels, prepared from non-hazardous waste to be utilised for
energy recovery in waste-incineration or co-incineration plants, excluding those
fuels that are included in the scope of CEN/TC 335 Solid biofuels
Committee Sub-structure
WG 1 - Terminology and Quality Assurance (IT)

WG 2 - Fuel specifications and classes (SE)

WG 3 - Sampling and supplementary test methods (NL)
WG 4 - Physical/mechanical tests (D)

WG 5 - Chemical tests (IT)

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

2. PRESENT STATUS OF TC 343 1/3

EN 15357:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Terminology, definitions and descriptions

EN 15358:2011

EN 15359:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Quality management systems - Particular

requirements for their application to the production of solid recovered
fuels
Solid recovered fuels - Specifications and classes

EN 15440:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of biomass content

CEN/TR 15441:2006

Solid recovered fuels - Guidelines on occupational health aspects

EN 15442:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for sampling

EN 15443:2011

EN 15400:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the preparation of the laboratory

sample
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of the current rate of aerobic
microbial activity using the real dynamic respiration index
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of the biomass content based on the
14C method
Solid recovered fuels - Report on relative difference between
biodegradable and biogenic fractions of SRF
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of calorific value

CEN/TS 15401:2010

Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bulk density

EN 15590:2011
CEN/TR 15591:2007

CEN/TR 14980:2008

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

2. PRESENT STATUS OF TC 343 2/3

EN 15402:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Determination of the content of volatile matter

EN 15403:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Determination of ash content

CEN/TR 15404:2010

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of ash melting

behaviour by using characteristics temperatures
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of density of pellets and briquettes

CEN/TS 15405:2010

CEN/TS 15406:2010
CEN/TS 15414-1:2010

CEN/TS 15414-2:2010

EN 15414-3:2011
EN 15415-1:2011
EN 15415-2:2012

Solid recovered fuels - Determination of bridging properties of bulk

material
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of moisture content using the oven
dry method - Part 1: Determination of total moisture by a reference
method
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of moisture content using the oven
dry method - Part 2: Determination of total moisture content by a
simplified method
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of moisture content using the oven
dry method - Part 3: Moisture in general analysis sample
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 1:
Screen method for small dimension particles
Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 2:
Maximum projected length method (manual) for large dimension particles
Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

2. PRESENT STATUS OF TC 343 3/3

EN 15415-3:2012

Solid recovered fuels - Determination of particle size distribution - Part 3:

Method by image analysis for large dimension particles
CEN/TS 15639:2010 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of mechanical durability of pellets
CEN/TR 15716:2008 Solid recovered fuels - Determination of combustion behaviour
EN 15407:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of carbon (C), hydrogen
(H) and nitrogen (N) content
EN 15408:2011
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of sulphur (S), chlorine
(Cl), fluorine (F) and bromine (Br) content
EN 15410:2011
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of major
elements (Al, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Si, Ti)
EN 15411:2011
Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of the content of trace
elements (As, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Tl, V and Zn)
CEN/TS 15412:2010 Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the determination of metallic aluminium
EN 15413:2011

Solid recovered fuels - Methods for the preparation of the test sample from
the laboratory sample

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

3. CLASSIFICATION AND SPECIFICATION: EN 15359

EN15359 provides methods of specification and classification for SRF
SOLID RECOVERED FUELS

Solid fuel prepared from non-hazardous waste to be utilised for energy recovery
in incineration or co-incineration plants and meeting the classification and
specification requirements laid down in EN 15359
1.

The classification system is based on: an economic characteristic (NCV), a

technical characteristic (Cl) and an environmental characteristic (Hg)

2.

The specification system is based on properties of SRF and the limit values
are the result of an agreement between user and producer

3.

The SRF shall satisfied quality requirements according to compliance rules

4.

The producer/supplier of SRF shall give a declaration of conformity. The

record shall be kept available for inspection
Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

3. CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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3. SPECIFICATION SYSTEM (Obligatory to specify)

The properties, as defined in the table, SHALL BE

SPECIFIED
The determination of chemical parameters shall
be made according to CEN TEST METHODS
The LIMIT VALUE are defined by the user and the
producer
Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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3. SPECIFICATION SYSTEM (Non-obligatory to specify)

The properties, as defined in the table, are

NOT OBLIGATORY TO SPECIFY
New properties could be added and
existing removed

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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3. COMPLIANCE RULES
Production period: 12 months
A quality management system (QMS) is applied according to EN 15358
Maximum weight of a lot shall be no more than 1500 tonnes
If there are significant changes in the properties of input materials or in the
production process conditions (change of class code), the production shall be
interrupted
For sampling and sample reduction EN 15442 shall be applied

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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4. ITALY BACKGROUND
ITALY

EUROPE

DESCRIPTION

CDR

RDF

NON MINERAL REFUSE DERIVED

FUELS

CSS

SRF

SOLID RECOVERED FUELS

CSS-COMBUSTIBILE

SRF end of waste

Il sottolotto di combustibile solido

secondario (CSS) per il quale risulta
emessa una dichiarazione di
conformit nel rispetto di quanto
disposto allarticolo 8, comma 2
(DM 14/02/13)

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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4. ITALY BACKGROUND
WHATS RDF?

WHATS SRF?

WHATS SRF EoW?

ITS A NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE

ITS A PRODUCT

ITS A HETEROGENEOUS SOLID FUEL

ITS PREPARED BY BIOLOGICAL/MECHANICAL TREATMENT

ITS PREPARED FROM MSW AND SPECIAL WASTE

UNI 9903-1:2004

ITS PREPARED FROM A

LIMITED TYPOLOGY OF
MSW AND SPECIAL
WASTE
(NON-HAZARDOUS)

EN 15359:2011

2 QUALITY (CDR e CDR-Q)

125 QUALITY

18 QUALITY

ITS A PARTICULAR
QUALITY OF SRF

ITS NOT A RDF, ITS A

SRF!

ITS A PARTICULAR
QUALITY OF SRF

DM 05/02/1998

D.Lgs 205/2010

DM 14/02/13

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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5. CTIs ROLE
No-profit organization affiliated to UNI (Italian Standardization Body)
Purpose:
- Responsibility to carry out standardization work in the various sectors of
thermal energy production, distribution and utilization (UNI, CEN, ISO)
- Support italian ministries in charge (Economic Development, Environment &
Territorial Protection) Regions (Lombardy) and other Public Authorities
(Provinces, Municipalities)
- Research activity in the field of sustainable energy systems
- Commercial software audit for the determination of energy building
performance
- Training courses on waste, heating cost sharing, heat pumps, etc
- Scheduling of fair events
about 500 organizations and 1000 experts in all

www.cti2000.it
Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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5. THE SUBCOMMITTEE 9: WG 903

ENERGY FROM WASTE
Chairman: prof. ing. Riva Giovanni
Technical secretary: dr. Merlini Mattia

About 50 companies (70 experts) are involved

Collection, transport, treatment and management of the waste cycle

Energy from waste
Production and utilization of fuels from waste
Realization and management of the waste treatment and disposal plants
Laboratories involved in fuels testing
Research activity in the waste market

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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6. CTI DOCUMENTS ON SRF

WG 903 develops several technical documents that aim to:
ease the application of italian regulations about SRF (legislative decree)
ease the agreements between user, producer and control bodies
provide useful tools for laboratories

DOCUMENT TITLE
Guide CTI 8

SPECIFICATIONS OF SRF OBTAINED BY THE MECHANICAL

TREATMENT OF NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE

Guide CTI 10 CHARACTERIZATION OF BIOMASS REGARDING BIOMASS AND

ENERGY CONTENT
Guide CTI 11 APPLICATION OF EN 15359 AND EN 15358, IN RELATION TO GUIDE
CTI 8

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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6. GUIDE CTI 8
IT PROVIDES REFERENCE VALUES FOR SRF OBTAINED BY THE MECHANICAL
TREATMENT OF NON-HAZARDOUS WASTE AND CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO EN
15359
The GUIDE CTI 8 came out with the publication of EN 15359 that dont provide
any reference values of specifications. The aim of GUIDE CTI 8 is to give a
reference to users, producers and mainly to control bodies
The SRF EoW is not included in the scope

WORK PROGRAMME: UPGRADE TO TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION (UNI/TS)

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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6. GUIDE CTI 10
DETERMINATION OF THE BIOMASS CONTENT (SRF AND WASTE) IN ORDER TO
OBTAIN A INCENTIVE OF THE ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM BIOMASS
FRACTION
The GUIDE CTI 10 supports GSE procedure for The qualification of a plant
powered by renewable sources (IAFR)
CONTENTS
Fuels classification
Methods for determination of biomass content of fuels
Methods for determination of NCV of fuels
Methods for sampling and for the preparation of the laboratory sample
.ACCORDING TO CEN STANDARDS (EN 15442, EN 15443, ecc)
WORK PROGRAMME: UNDER REVIEW
Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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6. GUIDE CTI 11
IT PROVIDES PROCEDURES TO EASE THE APPLICATION OF CEN STANDARDS
REGARDING SRF
CONTENTS
Procedures and methods for sampling regarding classification and
specification of SRF
Guidelines for the application of quality management system (QSM)
ACCORDING TO CEN STANDARDS (EN 15359, EN 15358)

The document mainly speaks to the control bodies and laboratories

WORK PROGRAMME: UNDER REVIEW

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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CONCLUDING REMARKS - WHICH FUTURE FOR THE SRF MARKET?

CEN/TC 343: all ENs will be reviewed by 2016
WG 903: all technical documents will be reviewed by 2013/2014
CTI is working for increasing confidence in SRF. How can do that?
By appropriate initiatives (workshops, seminars, ecc) that aim to involve all
the stakeholders, providing useful information:
- Who's SRF
- How it's made
- How the standards works
The involvement of all stakeholders in the standardization process, during the
development of technical documents (standards and guides), is necessary to
get a common language and a well-established documents

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013

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THANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

merlini@cti2000.it

Which future for the SRF market? November 20, 2013