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Abstract
In this paper, adsorption isotherm of urokinase on two typical local diatomites were determined at 25 8C and their surface
electrical potentials (z), isoelectrical point values (IEP) were determined. The properties of diatomites, the relationship among
diatomite structure, pore-size distribution, surface z and adsorption isotherm were discussed. The adsorption equation of
urokinase was calculated from the adsorption isotherm. The adsorption mode of urokinase on diatomite surface was judged by
the conguration function a. The relationship between the amount of adsorbed urokinase and IEP value was also discussed.
# 2002 Published by Elsevier Science B.V.
Keywords: Diatomite; Urokinase; Adsorption isotherms; IEP
1. Introduction
Diatomite is a kind of non-metal that consisted of
the remains of diatoms, grew and deposited in the sea
or lake, and changed throughout with natural environmental action. Diatomite products are used in a variety
of ways, such as reinforcing, stiffening, and hardening
of organic solids, reducing adhesion between solid
surfaces, increasing adhesion, increasing viscosity,
surfactant effects, hydrophobic effects, absorbent,
catalysts, cloud seeding, and so on.
The urokinase is an important pharmaceutical material as plasminogen activators that could accelerate
thrombolysis and dissolve brin blood clots [1]. It
could be enriched from urine by using diatomite as an
absorbent. The production of urokinase by diatomite
had been found early, but the mechanism for adsorption of urokinase on diatomite has not been studied so
*
Corresponding author.
21
22
log KC;
1 y
b
y
KC1=b
i:e:
1 y
where K is adsorption equilibrium constant, and b
adsorption function chain number in urokinase.
When Jilin diatomite was roasted at 1150 8C, the
adsorption isotherm turned to type I, then C/y versus C
plot was made, and the equation C=y kC b was
gained, in which k and b were all constants.
23
single link could be adsorb on micropore inner surface, so HUK and LUK-1 with double link was
adsorbed on the disc surface. The specic surface
area of Jilin diatomite (19.11 m2 g 1) was smaller
than that of Zhejiang diatomite (64.70 m2 g 1). When
equilibrium concentration reached more than 80
mmol l 1 min 1, urokinase condensed on disc surface
resulted in the increase of adsorption amount (as
shown in Figs. 1 and 2).
24
Fig. 4. Adsorption isotherm of urokinase on surface of Zhejiang diatomite roasted at 950 8C.
25
Fig. 5. Adsorption isotherm of urokinase on surface of Jilin diatomite roasted at 950 8C.
26
Fig. 6. Adsorption isotherm of urokinase on surface of Jilin diatomite roasted at 1150 8C.
when (1) a 0, urokinase molecule lain at on diatomite surface; (2) a 1, urokinase chain attached
only at mono- or multi-point; (3) 0 < a < 0:1, urokinase chain attached as spheroids with radius equaling
rotation radius; (4) a 0:5, a random coil with segments attached to the surface of diatomite; (5)
0:5 < a < 1, multi-layer adsorption, urokinase chain
attached on diatomite surface tightly, then adsorbed
ulteriorly on the urokinase layer by forming a chain
loop [17].
According to this equation, the molecular conformational functions of urokinase which adsorbed on the
surface of Zhejiang, Jilin and acid-washed Zhejiang
diatomite were acquired. So, it was obtained that
conformational mode of urokinase adsorbed in Zhejiang diatomite probably belonged to multi-layer
adsorption, owing to a 0:7; urokinase adsorbed
on Zhejiang diatomite (roasted at 400 and 800 8C)
as spheroids with radius equaling rotation radius,
owing to a 0:066, and urokinase on the surface
Fig. 7. The effect of particle size on the adsorption isotherm of urokinase on Zhejiang diatomite.
27
Table 1
Relationship between the amount of adsorptive urokinase and IEP of diatomite
Roast
temperature (8C)
Zhejiang diatomite
IEP
G (mmol l
Unroasted
400
800
950
1150
1.93
1.85
1.97
1.96
2.52
760
2430
2370
500
51.6
min
mg )
min
IEP
G (mmol l
2.40
1.92
1.95
2.19
620
2600
1380
44.9
mg 1.
min
Jilin diatomite
1
mg )
IEP
Ga (mmol l
1.84
1.94
2.01
2.08
2.10
407
800
400
180
37.0
min
mg 1)
28
Table 2
Relationship between saturation amount of adsorptive urokinase and IEP value of Japanese diatomite, the ux calcinated Jilin diatomite as
well as it's modied diatomite
Diatomite
IEP
G1 (mmol l
Japanese diatomite
Flux calcinated Jilin diatomite
Ca2 modified
CaO modified
Zr4 modified
Colloidal alumina modified
Polyglycol modified
Octadecimal amine modified
Cetyltrimethyl ammonium modified
Trimethylsilyl chloride modified
2.0
2.41
2.41
1.92
7.41
7.50
2.30
9.46
Positive electrical charged
Electrical neutral
26.0
29.5
31.2
30.4
37.1
35.9
37.0
33.8
25.5
36.2
min
mg 1)
Acknowledgements
The project is supported by National Nature
Science Foundation of China (29201004).
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