Pei201609 DL

The magazine for the international power industry
September 2016
Official Media Partner for

POWER-GEN Russia 2016
SHOW ISSUE
Controlling combustion
in gas turbines
RUSSIAN SANCTIONS
AND POWER PROJECTS
CREATING AN ENERGY
SUPERHIGHWAY
TRANSPORTING LARGE
POWER EQUIPMENT
HOW TO IMPROVE
PLANT HEAT RATE
www.PowerEngineeringInt.com
1609PEI_C1 1
9/13/16 4:15 PM
For more information, enter 1 at pei.hotims.com
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POWER ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL

SEPTEMBER 2016/// VOLUME 24/// ISSUE 8
Contents
Industry Highlights
34
Project & Technology Update
40
Diary
40
Ad Index
How cutting-edge technology is boosting gas turbine efficiency
Credit: ORNL
Features
26
6
Russian sanctions and the power sector
Virtual power plants can ensure stability by automatically

combining renewable energy sources based on
availability.
EU sanctions are affecting the development and

modernization of power projects in Russia,
but it is possible to mitigate their effects.
28
10
Controlling combustion in gas turbines
32
Transporting large scale power equipment
Transporting very large power plant components is no
small matter, and solutions must be individually designed
and implemented.
Utilities and the energy superhighway

What each electric utilitys business looks like 20 years
from now must be conceived of and planned for
today.
Currently, state-of-the-art CCPPs have net thermal

efficiencies of around 61-62 per cent, however a US
laboratory is trying to increase this to 65 per cent.
16
Where virtual meets reality
Online state estimation in modern grids

Combining online estimation and lifetime monitoring
means maintenance costs can be reduced and the
reliability of a network increases.
In next months magazine

22
Technology to improve plant heat rate

How accurate and reliable level measurement in high
pressure and high temperature steam applications can
contribute to an improved plant heat rate.
3D printing of power equipment components

Nuclear focus: SMR technologies
Improving the effectiveness of gas turbines
On the cover
Controlling combustion in gas turbines - P10. Photo: GE.
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1609PEI_1 1
Power Engineering International September 2016
9/13/16 3:58 PM
Industry Highlights
he next big thing in the power sector is
pillars that is required to achieve an energy
undoubtedly energy storage however
system that is 100 per cent sustainable - a
there is also no doubt that it is a next big
low carbon, resilient and balanced energy
Despite
multitude
of
test
system. Its essential that financial institutions

projects
work closely with developers and policy
globally, the road to large-scale commercial
makers to create a conduit for energy storage
deployment still faces many hurdles, as
technology that will support the wider strength
evidenced in a report published this month.
of renewable energy production.
The study states that developers and
The diverse nature of potential energy
investors face an unsolved Rubiks Cube of
storage technologies was highlighted by
technologies, regulatory frameworks, revenues
another report this month.
and costs. And the report which focuses on
Analysts from Bloomberg New Energy
the UK energy sector finds that Britain could
Finance state that there is huge energy
have 10 GW of energy storage by the 2030s
storage potential in repurposing used electric
but only if the government can deliver a clear,
vehicle batteries.
long term policy and regulatory framework to

support the technology.
BNEF senior analyst Claire Curry calculates

that there will be 29 GWh of used EV batteries
Energy storage - towards a commercial
coming out of cars by 2025 a capacity that
model, has been compiled by four firms:
she says far exceeds the size of the current
renewable energy advisors Regen SW, finance
stationary storage market.
company Triodos Bank, low-carbon developer

Green Hedge Energy and law firm TLT.
Of this 29 GWh, around 10 GWh will get a

second life as stationary storage. Curry states
It explores the alternative business models
that today, a new stationary storage system
that will make clean energy the subsidy free
can cost up to $1000/kWh while, in contrast,
backbone of Britains electricity system.
repurposing used EV batteries could cost as
Regen SW director Johnny Gowdy said

that although energy storage is developing
little as $49/kWh in 2018, with an additional

$400/kWh cost to convert to stationary use.
rapidly and the flexibility it provides can
She highlights the fact that the auto
reduce the need for expensive new energy
industry is divided on the issue. While Tesla
generation projects, developers and investors
wont be involved in second life, BMW, Nissan
face an unsolved Rubik Cube of technologies,
and Mercedes Benz already have second-life
regulatory frameworks, revenues and costs.
stationary storage projects in place.
He said in the short term, battery storage
The report states that this year there will
projects will tend to focus on rapid response
be very few used batteries available for
services to support the network. As costs
second-life applications, but volumes will
fall, storage will play a key role in providing
increase significantly beyond 2020. Whether
reserves of energy to balance supply and
these batteries are suitable for second-life
demand and could become ubiquitous in
storage applications depends on the energy
our homes, workplaces and in transport. A
remaining in them; whether the car company
UK energy storage sector in excess of 10 GW
warranties them outside the vehicle; and the
power capacity in the 2030s is achievable.
price of commodities.
Philip Bazin, environment team leader at
While both of the above reports involve
Triodos Bank UK, said: It is clear that proven
what if scenarios, they highlight the fact that
sustainable electricity storage solutions exist
energy storage is one of the major talking
and that their cost is fast reducing. What
points in the energy industry. It was analyzed
we now need to make these solutions more
at POWER-GEN Asia this month in South Korea
financeable is a clear, long term policy and
and will be discussed again at POWER-GEN
regulatory framework to support the demand
Russia in October.
for these solutions and create an exciting

sizeable new market in the UK.
Bazin said that the deployment of energy
storage solutions in the UK is one of the key
1609PEI_2 2
And we will be covering the topic in detail

later this year in the pages of this magazine,
where we will spotlight and examine the latest
Energy storage
developers and
investors face an
unsolved Rubiks
Cube of technologies,
regulatory frameworks,
revenues and costs
Kelvin Ross
Editor
www.powerengineeringint.com
Follow PEi Magazine on Twitter:

@PEimagzine
Follow me: @kelvinross68
trends and thinking. So watch this space.
9/13/16 3:58 PM
02/2016 - Petergraf
thing rather that the now big thing.
A new generation is born
02/2016 - Petergraf
New products.
New technologies.
New service capabilities.
Ansaldo Energia: a global player
in the power generation market.
1609PEI_3 3
www.ansaldoenergia.com
9/13/16 3:58 PM
SPONSORED CONTENT
MONITORING OF
DEMANDING
TRANSPORTS
Monitoring of your goods during transport is an efficient solution to prevent

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focused on monitoring the transportation of heavy transport such as wind turbines
and transformers.
obitron AB is a Swedish
company that develops
high-technology
products
measurement
and
systems
for quality assurance of
transport and handling of goods.

The company was founded in 1991 by SvenOlof Olsson and has since then developed its
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Today the company has an established
customer base in Sweden, Europe, Asia and
Africa, focusing on the power, wind and
transformer industry by offering their measuring
system Cargolog Impact Recorder System.
1609PEI_4 4
9/13/16 3:58 PM
SPONSORED CONTENT
Cargolog Impact Recorder System
Transport damage is a frequently cited cause of product damage.The repercussions of damage to your
product are not only related to the immediate cost of repairs, replacements and delays, but also to
premature failure during the components lifetime, extra service costs, loss of productivity and damage
to the companys reputation. Therefore, it is important to determine how to eliminate and reduce these
costs at an early stage.
Cargolog Impact Recorder is a wireless data logger with built-in sensors. The Impact Recorder is
affixed directly onto the cargo to record potential incidents that could damage the goods. It monitors
the goods throughout the entire logistics chain and provides documented data on the measurement results.
In its early stage, the system was used as a pure measurement system for recording temperature, humidity and shocks/impacts/vibration.
Today it has evolved into an advanced registration tool with the possibility of supervising transport with the integrated GPS positioning and GSM/
GPRS alarm. The system is designed to provide information about the events and prevailing climate during transport and handling of materials. It
performs independent measurements during a long or short period of time.The measurements can also be adapted to specific requests, allowing
the system to be universally usable with a multichannel measurement system and in many areas of application. The ability to trace and track the
goods during transport allows you to have full control over the delivery and provide an excellent service to your customers.
Four systems suited to your demands

The Cargolog Impact Recorder System is divided into four systems, depending on the features that the data logger contains. It can also
be equipped with options such as ZigBee or Bluetooth wireless communication, barometric pressure sensor, external switch, extended
battery and memory capacity for extended durability and supervision over time. This allows selection of options suitable for your transport.
System
The simplest basic system that measures and
records acceleration, duration of acceleration

and temperature with built-in sensors.
System
The standard system that measures and records
acceleration, duration of acceleration, temperature,
Equipped with GPS. Measures and records
System
1
l
acceleration,
duration
of
acceleration,
temperature, humidity and angle with built-in

sensors.
humidity and angle with built-in sensors.

Equipped
System
with
GPS/GSM/GPRS
communication.
Measures and records acceleration, duration of

acceleration, temperature, humidity and angle with
built-in sensors.
System #2 and system #3 which feature data loggers with GPS and GSM/ GPRS communication provide major opportunities to secure
the goods.
The use of GPS allows you to see the precise GPS location of each incident. Data loggers with GSM/GPRS transmit direct data in real time
and provide immediate information via the Cargolog Online Cloud service by sending an e-mail or SMS in the event of an abnormality.
The cloud service allows you to get the information you need without installing any software. The only requirement is having access
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Direct data for immediate reaction

After the transport, all measurement results are collected and evaluated by Cargolog Software, a PC program
with wired or wireless communication. An alternative is Mobitrons new app that allows direct transfer of data via Bluetooth from
the smartphone or tablet. By easily receiving an overview of incidents and possible damage, you can react immediately and decide
o n
further actions.The measurement results can be analyzed for each minute and second of the measurement period, and are displayed in a graph
that can then be exported.
TMS90 A new level of transport monitoring

At the beginning of the year Mobitron AB initiated and developed the Cargolog System to a whole new level.
The Cargolog TMS90 (Transport Monitoring System) is a system based on the FAT90 Registration Unit combined with a visible alarm, integrated
power supply and IP enclosure for applications in tougher environments.
The alarm limits can be adjusted by the user and the alarm can be reset by an authorized operator by swiping a reset
tag along the systems RFID sensor.
The new system is an advanced version that gives you direct control over transport and is currently used by
customers in the wind power industry.
We have been using this model to monitor the delivery of 365 sensitive wind turbine components, in a very
remote area in the north of Kenya, 1250 km from the port of entry in Mombasa, says Michael De Abreu, Project
Manager for Bollore Transport & Logistics.
The road comprised the public highway network and a site access road, upgraded for the project, that both required
constant monitoring. This tool assisted us a lot in monitoring the road quality and to identify road maintenance requirements,
and also to protect cargo integrity by stopping convoys where set alarm levels were triggered. The flexibility of MOBITRON teams
allowed us to acquire the knowledge to implement an efficient system to the benefit of all stakeholders of the project.
1609PEI_5 5
9/13/16 3:58 PM
EU sanctions have been in place since March 2014

Credit: European Union
Country focus: Russia
Sanctions and the

power sector
EU sanctions are affecting
the development and
modernization of power
projects in Russia,
but it is possible to
mitigate their effects,
writes Alexey Gorlatov
ussias
power
formed
industry
long
time
was
bidders included the Russian subsidiaries of
ago,
E.ON, Enel and Fortum.
and it is obvious that many

energy
are
infrastructure
obsolete
and
(some market players estimate the capacity
require
excess at 20 GW) has a negative effect on the
modernization.
sectors development, and this slows, to some
In this regard the crisis and sanctions
are
naturally
impacting
the
market
for
power equipment supply. Foreign suppliers

face reduced demand for their output
1609PEI_6 6
facilities as well as modernization of existing

equipment.
As
result,
many
customers
have
effectively taken a wait-and-see approach,
companies, because of, among other things,
demanding certain supply conditions and
the substantial exchange rate drop and
preferences, whereas suppliers are losing out
relative instability.
due to the fall in demand and the impossibility
state programme Energy efficiency and
extent, the construction and startup of new
and services from Russian power sector
However, in this context the Russian

Alexey Gorlatov
Russias current excess of generated power
facilities
development
the
power
as before.
industry,
Exchange rate risks seem to be one of the
which includes a sub-programme entitled
problems.Although such risks affect both sides,
Development and modernization of the
they obviously concern Russian equipment
electric
positive
buyers to a greater extent, as their budgets
impression, as the federal budget allocations
are based on ruble revenues, and unstable
for this sub-programme exceed RUB14 billion
exchange rates undermine managements
($217 million).
confidence in budget compliance.
power
of
of implementing projects on the same scale
sector, offers
Restrictions resulting from, or in connection
It is worth mentioning that standard bank
with, the sanctions also have an effect on
hedging instruments are still available on the
supply activity. For one example, a public
market, but their price has risen so much as to
tender for a power plant project in southern
wipe out any interest in projects, depending
Russia failed because some of the potential
on their duration. Given that many projects in
bidders felt it might put them at risk of being
this sphere are quite long-term ones, this may
caught up in the sanctions imposed on Russia
be somewhat unprofitable for the customer.
over the annexation, which prohibit individuals
A somewhat radical solution to this problem
or entities under EU jurisdiction from investing
would be full payment in advance of the
in infrastructure projects in Crimea in the
project price at the time of contract execution,
transport, telecoms and energy sectors. The
though this might not be completely to the
9/13/16 3:58 PM
1609PEI_7 7
9/13/16 3:58 PM
Country focus: Russia
customers benefit. The latter would then be

financing a long-term project up front and,
even with a security from the supplier, this
would still mean diversion of substantial sums.
Even so, one possibility might be to
divide up a project into sections or separate
stages. This might also be a quite convenient
method for mitigating the exchange risk: if
the exchange rate changes dramatically
and rapidly, the parties could complete the
current part of the project and then negotiate
its future, or could agree initially on what to do
in such circumstances.
Such an option obviously depends on
the scale of the project and the possibility
of implementing it in separate stages, but
does appear to offer an alternative to direct
currency hedging.
For this purpose, the parties would have
to prepare a quite detailed contractual basis
for dividing up the project in this way. This
could include one framework agreement
for the entire project and separate ones for
Jean-Claude Juncker reiterates his commitment to upholding economic sanctions

Credit: ec.europa.eu
each supply, or an overall agreement with

conditions regulating the individual parts of
the supply. Such contractual structures would
need to be worked out in detail to protect the
be required. If new restrictions are imposed,
of the chemical complex would be the
interests of both parties.
the parties could revise the supply terms,
localization of foreign enterprises and joint
the conditions for use of given materials or
ventures with foreign companies for the
equipment, or other conditions affected in any
purpose of technology transfer.
In 2014, as we know, the European Union

imposed
sanctions
on
different
sectors,
including supplies of dual-use materials
way by the new restrictions.
However, the Ministry of Industry spoke
and technology. The list of these is quite
In this case, the parties should, again,
some time ago about reverse engineering
extensive, but the supply restrictions do not
focus particularly on their contractual work,
the Ministry plans to establish a Reverse
affect all buyers, and with some exceptions
making sure that the contract provides for
Engineering Centre under the heading of
equipment or services may be provided
them to regulate their relations, should such
the Development of Industry Fund. It will be
to many customers. Even so, if customers in
circumstances arise.
used for developing domestic analogues of
Russia are affected by the EU restrictions if
It is important to note that we are not
imported equipment. The reverse engineering
they are on the sanctions list or, for instance,
talking about bypassing sanctions we are
itself, and its industrial use, may cause a lot of
their ultimate beneficiary is a so-called military
talking about solving legal problems. And in
legal disputes and problems, including for the
user supplies of dual-use technology and
this case, again, the parties should pay special
end users of such equipment for example,
products to them are prohibited. The general
attention to contract work the agreement
if the equipment created through reverse
rule is that, if goods and services come under
must provide for the possibility for the parties
engineering would violate the rights and
the sanctions, the supplier may always apply
to regulate their relations in the event of such
interests of the relevant technologies owners,
to the relevant bodies in its own state for
circumstances, which at the same time must
the latter will be entitled to apply to court for
permission to supply them if the conditions
be respected, and to preserve the balance of
protection of their rights, including demanding
set in relevant regulatory acts are met.
interests of the parties (this is possible through
that use of the equipment stop.
Often,
however,
both
suppliers
and
the use of, for example, conditional obligations,
In the cases of the creation of home-grown
customers in Russia wonder what will happen
conditions precedent Articles 157 and 327.1
technology and the acquisition of technology,
if new sanctions are introduced during the
of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation).
especially in view of the possible introduction
term of a contract.There is no universal solution
private
of additional sanctions, special attention
to this. First of all, we are talking about future
companies, or even the state, from investing
should be paid to contractual work, including
sanctions, and their terms are not yet known.
in the development of new technologies
technology rights and the possibility of their
Second, there are exceptions: for instance, a
and improving existing ones two years
use and transfer.
supplier can go ahead with the supply if the
ago the Ministry of Industry and Trade and
Russian customers increasingly demand
contract was concluded before the restrictions
Ministry of Energy considered that an effective
that Russian law be applied to the supply
were introduced, though permission would still
mechanism for technological development
contracts they enter into. At the same time,
1609PEI_8 8
Of
course,
nothing
prevents
9/13/16 3:58 PM
Country Focus: Russia
For example, the contract under Russian
EU SANCTIONS EXPLAINED
law may include a warranty which specifies
Since March 2014, the EU has progressively
imposed economic sanctions targeting
that there must be no violations of the rights
imposed restrictive measures in response
exchanges with Russia in specific economic
of third parties in the equipment. If such a
to what it calls the illegal annexation of
sectors. These restrictive measures: limit
warranty were incorrect, it would give the
Crimea and deliberate destabilization of
access to EU primary and secondary capital
purchaser the right to seek damages.
Ukraine.
markets for five major Russian majority
Nevertheless, given all positive changes in
state-owned financial institutions and their
the Russian civil law, the parties and more
subject to an asset freeze and a travel ban
majority-owned
established
foreign suppliers should pay attention to
over their responsibility for actions which the
outside of the EU, as well as three major
the exact wording of certain provisions of an
EU states undermine or threaten the territorial
Russian energy firms and three defence
agreement. For example, a usual condition
integrity, sovereignty and independence of
companies; impose an export and import
on the application for liquidated damages
Ukraine.
ban on trade in arms; establish an export ban
requires a detailed description of the contracts
European
for dual-use goods for military use or military
under Russian law in order to give the term a
Council decided to freeze the assets of
end users in Russia; and curtail Russian
similar mechanic: such a term is not currently
individuals identified as responsible for the
access to certain sensitive technologies and
known to Russian law, but jurisprudence
misappropriation of Ukrainian state funds.
services that can be used for oil production
recognizes the possibility of its application
These measures were last extended in
and exploration.
under certain conditions.
Some 146 people and 37 entities are
In
March
2014,
the
March 2016.
subsidiaries
These economic sanctions are in place
In July and September 2014, the EU
Alexey Gorlatov is Head of Commercial
until 31 January, 2017.
Practice at Goltsblat BLP, the Russian arm

of international law firm Berwin Leighton
Russian
legislation,
which
has
recently
of opportunities that were either not available
undergone major changes in relation to
previously which might have been used
contractual relations, provides the parties to
in other jurisdictions or required the use of
the agreement with a considerable number
complex structures.
Paisner
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Sampling & Analysing Systems
- DAC
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Dr. Thiedig Engineering Solutions

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(25.) 26. + 27.10.2016, Karlsruhe | Germany
1609PEI_9 9
9/13/16 3:58 PM
New simulation methods were developed using Titan

Credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Gas turbines
Controlling
combustion in
gas turbines
Oak Ridge National Laboratory is the largest US Department of Energy
laboratory and is supporting efforts to increase the efficiency of combinedcycle power plants. Currently, state-of-the-art CCPPs have net thermal
efficiencies of around 6162 per cent. The objective is to increase that
efficiency to 65 per cent, writes David Flin
he use of natural gas for electricity
gas turbine components, with the intention of
reduce emissions, combustion technology,
generation continues to grow, as
increasing combined-cycle efficiencies up to
such as GEs Dry Low NOx (DLN), mixes fuel with
a result of historically low prices,
65 per cent.
air before burning it in the combustor. Jin Yan,
a boom in production, and lower
Joe
engineering
Manager of the computational combustion
CO2 emission levels compared to
manager for GE Power, says: Advanced gas
lab at GEs Global Research Centre, says:
coal-fired power plants.
turbine technology gives customers one of the
When the fuel and air are nearly perfectly
As a result, gas turbines are growing in
lowest installed costs per kW. We see it as a
mixed, you have the lowest emissions.
significance as a source of electricity supply,
staple for increased power generation around
with their use in conjunction with intermittent
the world.
renewables such as wind and solar to
Citeno,
combustion
In an H-class gas turbine, combustion takes

place at high pressures and temperatures
GEs H-class gas turbines are currently the
within chambers 2 metres in length. These
worlds largest and most efficient gas turbines,
turbines have a ring of 12 or 16 combustors,
GE considers gas-fired power generation
capable of enabling 62 per cent combined
each capable of burning nearly three tonnes
to be a key growth sector of its business,
cycle efficiency. The company is seeking ways
of fuel and air mixture at firing temperatures
and a practical step toward reducing global
to improve the performance of these turbines.
in excess of 1500C. The extreme conditions
greenhouse gas emissions by replacing coal-
A 1 per cent increase in efficiency in a 1
make it one of the most difficult processes to
fired generation.
GW power plant saves 17,000 tonnes of CO2
test.
balance supply and demand.
The US Department of Energy (DOE)
emissions per year.
is, through its National Energy Technology
By mixing air with the fuel, the firing
At higher inlet temperatures, gas turbines
temperature can be increased, resulting in
further
are more efficient and produce higher outputs,
the potential for increased efficiency, while
develop innovative technologies for advanced
but they also produce more NOx emissions. To
preventing NOx levels from increasing.
Laboratory,
10
1609PEI_10 10
supporting
efforts
to
9/13/16 4:09 PM
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business turning. Find out more at www.mandieselturbo.com
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9/13/16 4:09 PM
Gas turbines
However, mixing air and fuel can lead

to swirling, which in turn can result in flame
instability from large pressure, velocity and
heat release fluctuations.
An unstable flame can also result in
acoustic pulsations, which can affect turbine
performance and, in the most extreme
conditions, can wear out machinery in
minutes. Because of this, understanding the
cause of a pulsation and predicting whether
it might affect future products is important.
In 2014, one such pulsation caught the
attention of researchers during a full-scale
test of a gas turbine. The test revealed a
combustion instability that had not been
observed during combustor development
Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Credit: ORNL
testing.
GE determined that the instability levels
were acceptable for sustained operation, and
would not affect gas turbine performance.
However,
GE
researchers
wanted
REACHING 65 PER CENT COMBINED-CYCLE EFFICIENCY
to
understand the cause of the instability to help
The US DOEs National Energy Technology
Southwest Research Institute, will develop
them predict how pulsations could manifest in
Laboratory has selected six Phase II projects
turbine end seals and inter-stage seals for
future designs.
to further develop innovative technologies
utility-scale supercritical CO2 power cycle to
for advanced gas turbine components
achieve a field trial-ready design.
GE suspected that the pulsations stemmed

from
an
interaction
between
adjacent
and supercritical CO2 power cycles, with
combustors, but had no physical test capable
the intention of enabling combined cycle
Matrix Composite Nozzles for Gas Turbines for
of confirming this hypothesis.
Cooled
High-Temperature
Ceramic
efficiencies of 65 per cent to be achieved.
65 percent efficiency: GE Power, working with
Because of facility airflow limits, GE is able
These six projects will receive a total of
GE Global Research and Clemson University,
to test only one combustor at a time. Even if
$30 million in research funding from the DOE
will
GE could test multiple combustors, access-
over the next 3.5 years.
ceramic matrix composite turbine nozzles.
further
develop
high-temperature
visibility and camera technology currently
The use of CO2 in supercritical state is an
Advanced Multi-Tube Mixer Combustion
limit the researchers ability to understand
emerging alternative to using steam as the
for 65 per cent efficiency: GE Power,
and visualize the causes of high-frequency
working fluid in a power cycle. Supercritical
partnering with GE Global Research, will
flame instabilities. As a result, GE decided to
CO2 power cycles have gained significant
apply an advanced version of GEs Micro
use high-fidelity modelling and simulation to
interest in power generation applications,
Mixer combustion technology to enable
reveal what the physical tests could not.
because the thermophysical properties
turbine inlet temperatures in excess of
allow for higher power outputs in a smaller
1700C while minimizing NOx emissions.
The
company
asked
its
team
of
computational scientists, led by Yan, to see
package. The
increases
Ceramic Matrix Composite Advanced
if it could reproduce the instability virtually,
efficiency and potentially reduces the cost
Transition for 65 per cent combined cycle
using high-performance computers. GE also
of electricity.
efficiency: Siemens Energy, working with COI
asked Yans team to use the resulting model

to determine whether the pulsations might
manifest in a new GE engine incorporating
DOE-funded technology.
GE challenged Yans team, in collaboration
with
the
software
company
reduced
size
The six projects selected for Phase II

funding are:
Ceramics and Florida Turbine Technologies,

will further develop a ceramic matrix
Rotating Detonation Combustion for Gas
composite design for Siemens Advanced
Turbines: Aerojet Rocketdyne, in partnership
Transition combustor in support of 65 per
with
cent efficient combined cycles.
the
Southwest
Research
Institute,
Cascade
Purdue University, the University of Alabama,
High-Inlet Temperature Combustor for
Technologies, to deliver these results before
the University of Michigan, the University of
Direct-Fired Supercritical Oxy-combustion:
the engine was tested, to demonstrate its
Central Florida and Duke Energy, will develop
Southwest Research Institute, in partnership
predictive capability.
and demonstrate an air-breathing rotating
with Thar Energy, GE Global Research,
detonation engine combustion system for
Georgia Tech, and the University of Central
power generating gas turbines.
Florida, will demonstrate a directly-heated
Yan says: We didnt know if we could do

it. First, we needed to replicate the instability
that appeared in the 2014 test. This required
Development
of
Low-Leakage
Seals
supercritical CO2 oxy-combustor for an
modelling multiple combustors, something we
for Utility-Scale supercritical CO2 turbines:
advanced
had never done. Then we needed to predict
GE Global Research, in partnership with
power cycle.
fossil-fired
supercritical
CO2
through simulation whether that instability
12
1609PEI_12 12
9/13/16 4:09 PM
1609PEI_13 13
9/13/16 4:09 PM
Gas turbines
would appear in the new turbine design,

and at what level.
Enhanced
simulation
modelling
capabilities
and
held
the
potential to dramatically accelerate
future product development cycles,

and could provide GE with new insights
into turbine performance earlier in the

design process, instead of after testing
physical prototypes.
However, GE faced another hurdle. To
simulation of a GE gas turbine.
meet the challenging time frame, Yan and
Yan says:It was a breakthrough for
his team needed computing power that was
us. We successfully developed a model
greatly in excess of that available through the
that was able to repeat what we observed in
companys internal capabilities.
the 2014 test.
GEs H-class gas turbine

Credit: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
house
capabilities. Citeno
says: Access
As a result, in the spring of 2015, GE turned
The new capability gave GEs researchers a
to OLCF systems allows us to see what is
to the Oak Ridge Leadership Computing
clearer picture of the instability and its causes
possible, and to de-risk our internal computing
Facility (OLCF) for help. Through the OLCFs
that could not otherwise be obtained. Beyond
investment decisions. We can show concrete
Accelerating
through
reproducing the instability, the advanced
examples to our leadership of how advanced
Computational Excellence (ACCEL) industrial
model allowed the team to slow down, zoom
modelling and simulation is driving new
partnerships programme, Yans team received
in, and observe combustion physics at the
product development instead of hypothetical
a Directors Discretionary allowance on Titan,
sub-millisecond level, something impossible to
charts.
a Cray XK7 system capable of 27 petaflops, or
match using empirical methods.
Competitiveness
27 quadrillion calculations per second.
As a result of the successful use of Titan,
Citeno says,These simulations are actually
GE is continuing to develop its combustion
Yans team worked closely with Cascade
more than an experiment. They provide
simulation
Technologies to scale up Cascades CHARLES
new insights which, combined with human
allocation awarded through the DOE Office
code, a flow solver for large eddy simulation,
creativity, allow for opportunities to improve
of Advanced Scientific Computing Research
a model based on the Navier-Stokes fluid flow
designs within the practical product cycle.
(ASCR) Leadership Computing Challenge,
equations. The code is capable of capturing

the
high-speed
mixing
and
Applying the new simulation methods
capabilities
under
2016
or ALCC, programme. As part of the project,
complex
to the 2015 gas turbine, the team predicted
Cascade
geometries of air and fuel during combustion.
a low instability level in the latest design that
CHARLES code so that it can take advantage
is
continuing
to
enhance
its
of Titans GPU accelerators.
Air and fuel mix violently during turbulent
was acceptable for operation, and would
combustion. The mixing needed to ignite
not affect performance. These results were
Citeno concludes: A year ago, these were
fuel and sustain its burning is governed by
confirmed during the full-scale gas turbine
gleam-in-the-eye calculations. We wouldnt
the Navier-Stokes fluid dynamics equations,
test, validating the predictive accuracy of
do them because we couldnt do them in
with large swirls generating smaller swirls. The
the new simulation methods developed on
a reasonable time frame to affect product
multiple scales of swirls pose a challenge
Titan.
design. Titan collapsed that, compressing
to the computation of these equations
GE then began using these new simulation
our learning cycle by a factor of 10-plus and
simulating turbulent combustion. A burning
methods to evaluate gas turbines. These new
giving us answers in a month that would have
flame can manifest chemical properties
methods give GE the ability to better integrate
taken a year with our own resources.
on small scales ranging from billionths to
simulation directly into its product design
thousandths of a metre.
cycle. Yan notes: We can now look at all kinds
in gas turbine combustors was limited to
Previously,
analyzing
flame
instability
Using CHARLESs massively parallel grid
of ideas that we never thought about before.
consideration of a single combustor, and it was
generation capabilities a new software
The number of designs we can evaluate has
not possible to determine swirling interactions
feature developed by Cascade Yans team
grown substantially.
brought
about
by
multiple
combustors.
produced a fine-mesh grid composed of
Citeno says that, in combination with other
Using the Titan supercomputer has enabled
nearly one billion cells. Each cell captured
aspects of gas turbine design, the projected
modelling of multiple combustors to predict
microsecond-scale snapshots of the air-fuel
end result will be a full percentage point gain
instability
mix during turbulent combustion, including
in efficiency. This is an important step towards
understanding of the flow mechanics allows
particle diffusion, chemical reactions, heat
the DOEs goal of achieving 65 per cent
flame optimization.
transfer and energy exchange.
combined-cycle efficiency.
Yans team was able to analyze the
GEs experience with these computing
simulation data and view the flame structure in
resources and expertise has enabled it
high definition. By early summer, the team had
to understand and evaluate the value of
made enough progress to view the results: the
larger-scale
first ever multi-combustor dynamic instability
supporting the case for future investment in in-
14
1609PEI_14 14
high-performance
computing,
conditions,
and
the
greater
David Flin is a freelance journalist with a

focus on the energy sector.
9/13/16 4:10 PM
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1609PEI_15 15
9/13/16 4:10 PM
Power equipment transport
Happy landings
Transport of very large power plant components is no small matter, and solutions
must be individually designed and implemented. Tildy Bayar spoke with one
company that leads in this space to find out what kinds of challenges are involved
uch is written about
Volga-Dnepr is a global cargo transport
to generator rotor deterioration or damage
and
company with offices worldwide, including
due to severe incidents, fast replacement is
maintenance of power
in Russia, the UK and the US. To date, it has
needed. In such cases only the Antonov An-
equipment
these
delivered over four million tonnes of cargo
124-100 is capable of carrying and quickly
pages, but an aspect
to over 1200 airports in more than 190
moving heavy and oversized equipment.
that is rarely mentioned
countries. The companys scope includes
Emergency or temporary power supply
is how these large pieces of kit reach their
power equipment such as gas turbines and
solutions are another case where our cargo
ultimate destination.
the
operation
in
rotors (weighing in at 76 tonnes), generator
freighters are able to minimize the power
Transport of very large components is no
rotors, diesel gensets, hydro turbine runners
disruptions to the grid the An-124-100 can
small matter, and solutions must be individually
(up to 98 tonnes), wind power components,
carry long trailer-mounted mobile gas turbines
designed around the specifications of each
transformers, mobile substations and even
as well as large diesel generators, for example.
power plant component, from gas turbine
complete mobile power plants (90+ tonnes).
Within Russia the company also maintains
rotors (weighing between 75 and 99 tonnes)
The company maintains a fleet of 12
a fleet of over 30 lorries, while in other countries
to wind turbine blades (up to 35 metres long)
Antonov An-124-100 Ruslan aircraft, the
road transport needs are subcontracted out.
to complete mobile power solutions (up to 22
worlds largest series-produced air freighter,
Most of our demand comes from other
x 3.5 x 4.2 metres and weighing as much as
which features a 36 metre x 6 metre x
countries, Zhukov says, and our fleet is quite
91 tonnes).
4.4 metre cargo compartment and can carry
small in comparison with our partners fleets
Whether by land, sea or air, unique
a 120 mt max payload. In addition, a fleet of
outside of Russia, but it is a competitive
considerations are involved in arranging
five medium-sized Ilyushin IL-76TD-90VD (45 mt
advantage within Russia.
transport, engineering
the
payload) and 15 Boeing 747 aircraft, which
necessary supporting equipment or even
can carry up to 135 tonnes, is available as well
Large components, big challenges
infrastructure, and loading and unloading.
as small, 20-tonne capacity Boeing 737Fs.
Zhukov
says
issues
involved
and
building
there
are
several
main
transporting
large
We spoke with one company that regularly
Sustainable power generation relies not
transports large power equipment to see
only on reliable equipment but also on the
power equipment. First is the equipments
what kinds of challenges are involved, how
ability of an OEM or service provider to execute
dimensions, with the height often needing to
they are addressed, and whats envisioned for
repairs in a timely manner, says Vasiliy Zhukov,
be reduced so it will fit inside the cabin. We
the future as power components continue to
Global Industry Director for Energy & Heavy
usually have to decrease the height to about
increase in scale.
Machinery at Volga-Dnepr. When it comes
4 metres, which sometimes means it needs
16
1609PEI_16 16
when
9/13/16 4:11 PM
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1609PEI_17 17
9/13/16 4:11 PM
External crane loading

Credit: Volga-Dnepr
G-FORCE BY AXIS:
X axis : towards 2.3 g; backwards 1.5 g
Y axis : up 2.0 g; down 2.5g
Z axis : left 1.5 g; right 1.5 g
additional dismantling of certain parts, he
explains. The next issue is load distribution
on the cargo cabin floor, which is managed
either through the use of existing platforms or
the manufacture of new frames specific to the
piece being transported. Use of additional
frames is absolutely necessary in these cases,
Zhukov notes. Basically, within the flight the
overload increases the load on the design of
the cargo cabin, which can lead to damage
or destruction. We have to create these
additional frames so the overload is evenly
Unloading for road transport
Credit: Volga-Dnepr
distributed across the cabin floor.

Related to load distribution is a third issue,
cargo lashing. When we talk about heavy
equipment, it is absolutely mandatory to fix
project, a customer enquiry arrived in late
According to Zhukov, it generally takes
the cargo inside the cargo compartment in
2015 for transport of a Francis-type hydro
three to four hours to respond to the customer
accordance with the maximum operating
turbine runner from St Petersburg to Magadan
with an initial price quote for the job if the
overload. Both the cargo and the package
in Russia. The turbine runner, destined for the
cargo is quite usual for us and doesnt need
must withstand the max overloads during
570
hydropower
any additional cargo prep, packaging, etc.
flight, says Zhukov, because during the flight
plant, was six metres in diameter and weighed
The mailbox that is open for enquiries is
the G-forces on all axes are affecting the
85 tonnes. Volga-Dnepr engineered and
connected to all of our offices, so no matter
cargo.
designed a transport frame for the runner
what time it is in Moscow or New York, we will
and mounted it at the production site before
always have the quote ready because our
delivering it to Pulkovo Airport by trailer.
other offices are involved in the process, he
Finally, due to the dimensions and weight

of large power equipment, it is necessary to
MW
Ust-Srednekanskaya
use special loading equipment such as off-
To load the package aboard the aircraft,
board and on-board overhead cranes and
Volga-Dneprs engineers assembled a ramp
says.
self-propelled vehicles.
extension with slide rails. After placing the
understanding the equipments dimensions
The
next
step
for
Volga-Dnepr
is
Zhukov uses a recent example project to
runner on the ramp extension, the runner
if they are non-standard, in order to design
describe how the transport process works,
was pulled inside the craft using a winch
and build the frame that will secure it and
from the time Volga-Dnepr receives an order
and secured. The loading procedure took the
evenly distribute the load. A team of the
to unloading at the final destination. For this
team around 10 hours to complete.
firms engineering and logistics specialists will
18
1609PEI_18 18
9/13/16 4:11 PM
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1609PEI_19 19
9/13/16 4:11 PM
often conduct a site visit in order to make a

technical assessment, and then will produce
a 3D model of the power component and the
planned packaging solution.
Depending on the complexity of the job,
manufacture of the frame can take from
several days to several months.In the case
of the hydro turbine runner it took us around
20 days to prepare the frame, Zhukov says.
The design was already known to us, so this
was just a modernization of an existing frame.
He says the initial frame design was finalized
in 2008 when the company undertook its first
large transport, and now we are editing the
existing frame.
The time required to manufacture bespoke
frames to secure a piece of cargo for transport
and to ensure it can be safely loaded and
unloaded is dictated by the complexity of
the shipment.Volga-Dnepr advises customers
to consult with its engineers at the earliest
stage in the planning process, which also
Loading technologies
Credit: Volga-Dnepr
ensures that there are no unexpected delays

or additional costs incurred later in the project.
Frame design and engineering are carried
out at the companys engineering and
around 8090 tonnes. Single-piece cargo
ExWorks. In such cases, clients just need a
logistics centres in Houston, Texas; Ulyanovsk,
is extremely heavy and is usually the most
simple contract that begins at the gates of
Russia and Stansted, UK, all of which have
difficult to transport.
their manufacturing facility. For this reason,
For power and energy companies we
Volga-Dnepr has basically evolved from a
usually transport gas turbine rotors on skids or
typical airport-to-airport transport company to
In the example of the hydro turbine runner,
generator rotors, which are usually also very
a sort of turnkey service provider, Zhukov says.
the frame had two parts, an upper and a
heavy, he adds. We have operated flights
lower casing. These were then connected so
with the rotors of heavy duty gas turbines,
Ensuring aircraft availability
that the runner was fixed inside the frame. The
which weighed over 90 tonnes apiece and
The size of the global Antonov An-124-100
frame was transported to the runners location
were more than 1012 metres long.
fleet remains relatively small. Volga-Dnepr
a stable of subcontractors which help to

produce the end product.
and attached by Volga-Dneprs engineering
Mobile power plants are of course of
operates the biggest An-124-100 fleet with 12
staff, and then the entire assemblage was
great interest to us, he says,and Volga-Dnepr
aircraft, and in 2006 it formed a joint venture
transported to the airplane for loading with
is often called upon to carry shipments for
with Antonov Airlines, the other main operator
200-tonne external cranes.
manufacturers of power plants on wheels.
of the freighter, to jointly market the aircraft to
Of the four ways we usually load the cargo
For this technology no special frame is
customers globally. Together, under the joint
into the Antonov-124 aircraft, Zhukov says,the
required, and the trailer is allowed to move
venture identity of Ruslan International, they
easiest way is to use the internal cranes, whose
inside the cargo cabin.
have been able to improve the availability
limit is 20 tonnes. For shipments up to this
Over the past five years, he says, Volga-
weight, the cranes can facilitate the loading
Dneprs clients have increasingly requested
and reliability of the aircraft to meet the
without any extra handling equipment, which
additional services, which have now been
In the same way that Volga-Dnepr has
is especially important at airports with little on-
centralized with engineering and logistics
invested to improve the capabilities of its entire
site equipment. Heavier single-piece cargoes
capabilities under a cargo supermarket
fleet, Antonov is doing the same. The Antonov
[such as the ramp extension used for the
concept.
design team was initially, and is still, based
requirements of customers across the globe.
hydro turbine runner] require additional work.
We provide not only airport-to-airport
in Ukraine, while most of the manufacturing
Unloading requires equal care, with the frame
service, but also cover additional questions
facilities are located in Russia. A spokesperson
which weighs around 20 tonnes needing
like customs clearance, documentation and
for Ukraines Antonov Airlines told Power
to be detached and disassembled, and then
road transport, if needed, from the OEMs
Engineering International that almost all
itself transported back to Volga-Dnepr.
location to the airport or the project site, says
Antonov aircraft are equipped with engines
The hydro turbine runner would have been
Zhukov. Requests for these services are made
designed at Ivchenko-Progress SE and Motor
a headache for most of our competitors,
especially when we deal with OEMs directly
Sich JSC in Zaporozhye, Ukraine.
says Zhukov, as it is a single piece weighing
for many of them the perfect scenario is
20
1609PEI_20 20
In July, the firm signed a memorandum of
9/13/16 4:11 PM
understanding (MoU) with GE to co-operate

on bringing GE technology to Ukraines
aviation sector, with the potential to deliver
engines, airborne systems and services for
Antonov aircraft.
These days, the Antonov Company is
focused on developing a new generation
of light, multi-purpose twin-engine aircraft
designed for short- and medium-haul routes,
in co-operation with Saudi Arabias King
Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology
(KACST).
The new AN-132 range is expected to be
operational later this year. Also in July, the firm
signed a MoU with Pratt & Whitney Canada
to provide the AN-132 aircraft range with a
specially designed version of the PW150A
Loading a turbine wheel
Credit: Volga-Dnepr
turboprop engine.
Zhukov says the best advice to customers
is to be prepared for any eventuality. He
with us even when they dont have a specific
big and heavy pieces of equipment and
transport requirement at that time, because
partnerships with power generation customers
customers around the world, it is advisable
they see the value of having a viable process
in the future.
to have a transportation and logistics plan
in place that can quickly kick into action
that can be put into action at short notice.
when they need to respond to one of their
We have a number of customers that consult
own customers requests.
EW
says: For power generation companies with
We
expect
to
see
more
of
these
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1609PEI_21 21
21
9/13/16 4:11 PM
A higher feedwater temperature results in reduced fuel use

Credit: Emerson Process Management
Condition monitoring
Advanced level
level
Advanced
technology improves
improves
technology
plant heat
heat rate
rate
plant
Accurate and reliable
level measurement in
high pressure and high
temperature steam
applications, such as
feedwater heaters, can
contribute to an improved
plant heat rate, leading to
optimized processes and
increased profitability,
writes Patricia Mattsson
eat rate is a measure of plant
temperature
efficiency and is calculated
in reduced fuel use
by measuring the combined
to
performance of all auxiliaries,
the boiler. In a report
specifically the measure of
from the Electric Power
energy (fuel) put into a system,
Research Institute, it was
divided by the electricity generated.

Heat rate is the inverse of efficiency, so a
create
results
steam
in
found that by improving

feedwater
heater
lower heat rate is desirable and most plants
monitoring, the average
have a target heat rate that they want to
gain in heat rate was
achieve. The difference between the actual
3060 Btu/kWh, leading
figure and the target is known as the heat rate
to annual fuel savings from
deviation. These deviations are often small, but
$240,000 to $500,000.
represent real opportunities for improvement,
There
are
many
factors
as can be seen when the financial impact of
that can cause the feedwater
changes in heat rate on annual fuel costs is
temperature to be maintained
revealed. For example, a typical power plant
at
may have a boiler efficiency of 85 per cent,
include
fuel costs at $2 per million Btu and a plant
tubes, inadequate venting and
capacity factor at 80 per cent.
tube
sub-optimal
tube
rate. These
fouling, plugged
leakage. The
feedwater
Given such circumstances, a 500 MW
level inside the feedwater heater
coal-fired power plant operating for a full year
has a significant impact on the
could reduce its fuel cost by more than $8000
feedwater temperature and must
for each unit of heat rate reduction.
be accurately monitored and

controlled.
Feedwater heaters
Patricia Mattsson
feedwater
critical to the thermodynamic efficiency of
The Rosemount 5300

a plant and its heat rate. A higher feedwater
22
1609PEI_22 22
If the level is too high, the
The performance of the feedwater heaters is
heater
condensing
9/13/16 4:11 PM
zone decreases and the tubes that should condense the steam instead
sub-cool the condensate. This can lead to turbine water induction,
potentially causing substantial damage.
Operating with the level too low also creates a risk. Here, the drain
cooler will be exposed to high temperature steam, which causes
condensate to flash to steam. This can damage the heater, and
increase downtime and maintenance costs. When the level is too
low this reduces the heat transfer due to the mix of steam and water
blowing through the heater.
Should feedwater temperature decrease, an operator will respond
in one of two ways. If the feedwater level is too high or the heater is
out of service, the operator will probably over-fire the boiler to increase
the temperature. This increases fuel consumption, emissions and gas
temperature exiting the furnace. It also increases the reheat and
superheat spray (used for live steam temperature control), resulting in
steam which is too hot.
As steam flow in the turbines increases, this can cause damage to
the drain cooler section and the tubes. Alternatively, the operator will
likely open emergency drains to reduce the level. This will reduce plant
efficiency and potentially cause substantial damage due to water
induction into the turbine.
Guided wave radar

Accurate level is critical for safe operations in high pressure saturated
steam applications and reliable measurement helps to optimize
process performance. However, these applications are challenging
to measure. Varying temperatures and pressures, especially during
startups and media density changes, can create measurement errors
HIGH PERFORMANCE
of as much as 30 per cent.

Density-based measurement devices must compensate for these
changes to provide accurate level readings. Special algorithms within
the control system can account for density changes, but the operating
pressure must also be known to be able to provide accurate results.
Because it directly measures the surface of the liquid, guided wave
radar (GWR) technology provides a level measurement that is completely
independent of density, thus eliminating the need for compensation
relating to density changes. GWR has the added advantage over other
techniques of having a robust design and no moving parts, increasing
reliability and minimizing maintenance requirements.
However, it is important to understand that the dielectric properties of
the feedwater will alter during the phase change from liquid to steam.
For example, when steam is under high pressure its dielectric increases.
This affects the use of radar level technology as the propagation of the
microwaves used to perform level measurements will slow down. This
can create a measurement error of up to 20 per cent if the level reading
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is not compensated.
GWR are able to compensate for the vapour dielectric using static
vapour compensation, in which the expected operating pressure and
temperatures are manually entered when the transmitter is configured
and the dielectric changes are compensated for.
The enhanced functionality of Emersons Rosemount 5300 GWR
means that it is also able to compensate for the vapour dielectric in
Discover our
steam applications by using dynamic vapour compensation (DVC).
solutions for the
This provides a better solution as it continuously compensates

for changes in the dielectric constant in the vapour space. The
power plant industry
www.auma.com
compensation occurs in the transmitter electronics and a corrected

1609PEI_23 23
23
9/13/16 4:11 PM
level measurement is provided to the control

system. No
additional
compensation
is
required.
Reducing measurement errors

Error rates can be high when measuring
level in high pressure and high temperature
applications. With DVC, error rates can be cut
to 2 per cent or less. Greater accuracy helps
to optimize the process, which has a direct
impact on plant profitability. By recognizing the
importance of level measurement and using
the right technology to achieve accurate and
reliable measurements, significant savings
can be made.
A good example of how DVC can help to
improve the reliability of level measurement
occurred
at
natural
gas
combined-
cycle power plant in the US. The location

of the plant regularly suffers sub-freezing
temperatures
during
the
winter
Rosemount 5300 chambers

months,
which creates challenges in terms of its level

measurement instrumentation. The primary
trips. To alleviate the problem, the impulse
technologies to improve the reliability of
level measurement was differential pressure
tubes were insulated and heat-traced, but
the level instrumentation. With support from
transmitters with impulse tubing (wet legs).
they continued to freeze.
Emerson experts, Rosemount 5300 GWR with
During winter months, frozen wet legs caused

errors in the indicated levels, resulting in unit
As
result,
the
gas
site
systems
DVC were installed, along with Rosemount
engineer decided to investigate alternative
9901 bypass chambers. This solution provided

fully
compensated
level
measurement,
independent of pressure and temperature,

resulting in accurate and reliable level
readings during all startup and shutdown
conditions, regardless of the weather.
Emerson technicians performed on-site
startup of the GWR and provided formal
training for the site operators to ensure
confidence
in
the
new
product. Since
installation, the solution has proved to be

extremely reliable.
By optimizing feedwater heater processes it
is possible to reduce the heat rate of a power
plant, creating significant fuel and emissions
savings and helping to achieve greater
profitability. The use of advanced GWR with
dynamic vapour compensation can play a
vital role by providing accurate and reliable
level measurement in these challenging
applications.
Patricia
Mattsson
at
Emerson
For
more
is
Marketing
Process
information,
Engineer
Management.
please
see
EmersonProcess.com/Rosemount/GuidedWave-Radar/5300
Accurate level is critical for safe operations
24
1609PEI_24 24
9/13/16 4:11 PM
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1609PEI_25 25
9/13/16 4:11 PM
The virtual power plant
Where virtual
meets reality
In a virtual power plant, intelligent and centrally controlled biomass, hydroelectric and storage
plants balance out the volatility of solar and wind plants
Credit: Thinkstock
The amount of electricity produced using renewable energy sources is subject to

fluctuations, making the network unstable. Conventional plants can be used to
balance the situation but their problem is their negative CO2 balance and lack
of flexibility. Virtual power plants can ensure stability by automatically combining
renewable energy sources based on availability, writes Dag Hoeft
upplies of fossil fuels are running
While
hydroelectric
energy
can
be
coal and lignite, although these have an
out. Extraction methods which
stored and accessed quickly, availability is
extremely negative CO2 balance. They may
are more complex and have
limited in some European countries due to
be old and inflexible, but they have already
a higher level of risk, such as
geographical conditions. For political reasons,
been written off financially, making them very
fracking, are increasingly being
it is sometimes practically impossible for larger
cost-effective.
used.
barrage and pumped-storage power plants
The unexplained problems surrounding
to be built.
The alternative would be gas-fired power

plants, which are easy to control and more
its long-term storage and the associated
Geothermal energy has also remained
favourable in terms of the CO2 emissions that
financial and political uncertainties make
rather a niche energy source in some areas
they produce, but they are more expensive
nuclear energy a difficult option. There is
of Europe.
to run. A surplus of renewable energy has
an urgent need for environmentally-friendly

alternatives.
Energy from biomass can also be stored

and made available quickly via combined
suppressed gas-fired power plants in favour of

more profitable coal-fired plants.
There are numerous renewable energy
heat and power (CHP) plants. However, the
sources that can be used. One possibility
associated land requirement competes with
Virtually networked
is solar energy, although it can only be
food production. The deforestation associated
New intelligent strategies for production,
produced during the day and is dependent
with the cultivation of biomass outside Europe
storage,
on the weather.
should also be regarded extremely critically.
are required. Virtual power plants where
distribution
and
consumption
Wind energy has been around for centuries,
There is a need for conventional plants to
different sources of renewable energy can be
but the drawback is that availability and
regulate the demand for energy in order to
intelligently networked provide the answer.
intensity are neither constant nor predictable.
balance out the volatility of renewable energy
Control and information technology enables
In addition, the noise produced and shadows
sources and keep the energy network stable.
the relevant energy sources to be combined
cast by the rotors of modern wind turbines
For example, in Germany that regulation is
automatically, based on availability.
have affected their acceptance by society.
achieved by using power plants fired by hard
26
1609PEI_26 26
Instead of comparatively slow coal-fired
9/13/16 4:11 PM
The virtual power plant
and nuclear power plants, in a virtual power

plant, intelligent and centrally controlled
biomass plants and hydroelectric and storage
power plants balance out the volatility of solar
and wind power plants, thus ensuring a stable
energy supply.
Further potential for improvement lies
in the intelligent integration of consumers.
For example, sewage treatment plants use
sewer gas itself to cover part of their energy
requirement.
If a sewage treatment plant is integrated
The availability and intensity of wind power is neither constant nor predictable
Credit: Thinkstock
in a virtual power plant and there is a surplus

of energy, the production by the sewage
treatment plant can be stopped and the
down.The result will be a sustainably improved
for communicating securely and wirelessly
sewer gas can be stored in an appropriate
CO2 balance with no limitations in respect of
with a master station, to contactors and fuse
gas storage facility or CHP plant. The sewage
energy availability.
elements for controlling and protecting valves
treatment plant will then get its energy from
and drives as well as HMI devices in a wide
the grid, thus helping to ensure stabilzation in
Automation know-how
the process.
Sadly, there are no ready-made virtual power
There are also powerful energy-saving
If the network requirement increases,
plants. Every installation is designed to meet
inverters for controlling drives. Feedback
the sewage treatment plant can supply
individual requirements based on the specific
capability and the possibility of temporary
additional energy from the sewer gas stored
type and number of participants. A variety
storage complement the design possibilities
earlier. Pumped-storage power plants can
of approaches can be taken in order to
for energy-optimized control systems.
also store mains energy and feed it back
formulate a suitable solution.
if required; however, due to the multiple
Experienced
and
help
to
enable
individual
electricity
generating
configure
economical
facilities to be linked in order to create
limited.
production setup while taking into account
intelligently co-ordinated virtual power plants.
the trend for sustainability in society and the
Mitsubishi Electric offers products such as
environment.
the process control system PMSXpro and the
energy sources means that operators will be
reliable
Powerful, finely scalable SCADA systems

can
energy conversions, the level of efficiency is

This intelligent networking of different
specialists
variety of designs.
able to join the lucrative market of control
Powerful automation components with
Mitsubishi Adroit Process Suite lifecycle software
energy with minute and quarter-hour reserves
optimized energy consumption form the basis
tool (MAPS) for ensuring that installations
and thus improve their amortization and
of any control system. Mitsubishi Electrics
respond quickly and flexibly to demand from
profitability. The higher the number and the
portfolio ranges from complete converter
the grid and controlling the renewable energy
greater the variety of energy sources there are,
substations for connecting wind and solar
power plants connected to them according
the better.
energy systems to the network, through
to their utilization and capacity.
As soon as virtual power plants can
PLCs for small applications or with several
Like MAPS, PMSXpro also offers many
provide the capacity required, fossil fuel
thousand inputs and outputs and intelligent
options for centralized and decentralized
backup power plants can finally be shut
remote terminal units smartRTUs for short
plant operation, while also being certified to

the VGB power plant standard.
Developing a renewable energy supply,
including plants, networking and distribution
networks, has to be financed. With the
interest rate being so low at the moment and
government bonds being barely trustworthy
and offering little return, along with risky
property and securities transactions, investing
in renewable energies could offer a profitable
option.
Dag Hoeft is Process Industry Technical Sales
Consultant, Factory Automation European
Business Group at Mitsubishi Electric Europe
Virtual power plants can ensure stability by automatically

combining renewable energy sources based on availability
Credit: Mitsubishi Electric Europe BV
1609PEI_27 27
27
9/13/16 4:11 PM
The Energy Superhighway will be foundational in the energy cloud future

Credit: Dreamstime
Viewpoint: Utilities
Why utilities should

build an energy
superhighway
What each electric utilitys
business will look like
20 years from now must
be conceived of and
planned for today, writes
Richelle Elberg
epending upon who you ask,
vision. Indeed, what can be said about all
the electric utility industry is
utilities today is that what each electric utilitys
headed into an accelerating
business looks like 10 to 20 years from now
death spiral, soon to be
must be conceived of and planned for today.
marginalized by burgeoning
Utility executives need to visualize that
distributed generation or it
business, factoring in their unique operating
will look almost exactly as it does today, even
conditions, and then design the path forward
a decade from now.
in a proactive manner.And for those faced with
In a recent survey conducted for a report
a rapidly changing operating environmenta
by Navigant, nearly six out of ten utility
potential death spiralone of the most critical
executives indicated that they believe the role
building blocks for that path forward will be a
of utilities in 2025 will be approximately the
robust communications infrastructure, also
same as it is today.
known as the Energy Superhighway.
But for many utilities, the existential threats
Richelle Elberg
28
1609PEI_28 28
The
Energy
Superhighway
will
be
are real. As managing director Jan Vrins of
foundational
Navigants Global Energy Practice says: The
environment in which utilities will operate in
transformations facing the utility industry
the energy cloud future. Indeed, Vrins and
today go beyond the physical renewables,
Mackinnon Lawrence, senior research director
proliferation of distributed energy resources
at Navigant Research, point this out in The
(DER) and phasing out of coal capacity and
Energy Cloud Playbook, an article in Public
expand into the digital realm with destabilizing
Utilities Fortnightly published in July. As stated
impact on traditional revenue streams.
in the article: While this evolution will be
to
the
platform-based
Even for the most forward-thinking utilities,
measured in decades, current innovations are
keeping pace with the rate of innovation and
sowing the seeds of disruption today.Disruption
capitalizing on the full scope of opportunities
need not imply negative consequences for
will be an ongoing challenge.
incumbent players. Utilities deeply invested
These seemingly contradictory views may
in power infrastructure and directly serving
both be true depending upon management
diverse customers have much to gain. But they
9/13/16 4:12 PM
will need to embrace uncertainty and risk.

In short, the power industry is changing
whether utility executives want to acknowledge
it or not. Innovation is moving beyond one-off,
standalone technologies, such as renewables,
and pairing of these technologies (solar
plus storage) toward the orchestration of
complex ecosystems of technologies working
in concert to deliver more flexible, responsive,
and customer-centric services.
In order to become network orchestrators,
utilities need to develop a holistic strategy
for participation in this highly networked,
intelligent paradigm. The utility of tomorrow
needs to plan its Energy Superhighway today.
Paradigm shift
The
Energy
Superhighway
concept
was first introduced in my white paper,

Communications
in
the
Energy
Cloud:
Energy Superhighway
Credit:Navigant
The Energy Superhighway and the Future

of Grid Connectivity. Essentially, the Energy
Superhighway is created when a utility
one leg of a multipronged strategy that will
High bandwidth and low latency can
proactively
high
become increasingly important to utilities
be found with fibre to the premises. This
communications
wishing to determine their own fate as the
technology
industry evolves.
virtually unlimited in terms of the services it can
deploys
bandwidth, low
(or
latency
leases)
throughout its territorycreating a future-proof

network upon which it can layer a multitude
And, as described
of services and applications as its operating
further in the white
priorities evolve.
paper, much as the
The Energy Superhighway may support

smart
cities, community
solar, microgrid
Interstate
System
in
the
and more, in addition to more traditional
oft-unanticipated
smart grid communications needs. Whats
economic
important is that the network be robust
($6
enough to support any of the applications
benefit for each $1 in
indicated belowas well as others that may
investment), the Energy
not have yet emerged.
Superhighway sets the
Superhighway
can
be
returns
economic
for
economic
contrasted with what Ive dubbed Smart
growth
Grid Communications v1.0 where siloed,
the cost savings often
application-specific
associated with old-
communications
well
networks are constructed in an ad hoc
school
manner, typically using the least expensive
technology.
beyond
smart
grid
technology choice for a given application.

This is how most utilities operate today, and its
Technologies
also how their regulators approve investments.
So
But remember what Vrins said about
does
what
exactly
an
Energy
capitalizing on the full scope of opportunities?
Superhighway
The full scope of opportunities goes well
like? It may take many
beyond the smart grid technology of today.
forms, but there are
well-conceived, holistically
Increase Power... Increase Profits...
huge,
in
stage
expensive, but
US
delivered
Energy
admittedly
Highway
integration, behind-the-meter energy services
The
is
look
planned
certain characteristics
Energy Superhighway promises to support
required and only a few
economic growth as utilities move beyond the
technologies available
commodity electron business into the realm
today that meet those
of energy-tied (or not) services. It represents
requirements.
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1609PEI_29 29
29
9/13/16 4:12 PM
standard that vendors promote as the

foundation for a truly ubiquitous Internet of
Things.
Finally, private spectrum ownership is
another path a utility may choose if its
concerned with potential congestion in widely
used unlicensed bands.
Most of these strategies are more expensive
than the more commonly chosen smart grid
communications technologies of today. But
remember the most important characteristic
of all: the Energy Superhighway not only needs
to be a backbone for those applications and
services utilities are considering today it also
needs to have extra lanes for the growth in
traffic that new applications will bring.
It needs to be future-proof if utilities intend
to embrace the platform-based energy cloud
opportunity and build a road to economic
growth versus the very real risk of stagnant or
declining income from traditional generation
and distribution services.
Utilities
will
be
challenged
by
their
stakeholders and pressured by regulators to
Navigants survey of utility executives

Credit: Navigant, Public Utilities Fortnightly
justify the larger up-front investments required

for an Energy Superhighway.
Creative partnering such as the deal
made between Google Fiber and Huntsville
DISCOVER BETTER DESIGNS, FASTER.
triple play (voice, video,
Alabama Utilities last winter may offer one
and internet). This is
way that utilities can make the investment
SIMULATION-BASED DESIGN EXPLORATION

FOR CLEAN, EFFICIENT ENERGY AND ECONOMICAL, RELIABLE POWER
what I meant when I
more palatable. At the end of the day, the
referred to non-energy-
management teams at every power utility will
related services. Cable
decide where they fit in a changing operating
industry opposition is
environment. Take the long view as you build
strong, but a growing
that path forward and remember that, as
number
(mostly
recently as 2005, there were more landline
municipal) utilities are
connections than wireless connections in the
adopting this bundled
US.
Pressure Drop
suppor tincluding
of
strategy.
On
Temperature Change
Baseline Design
Design Iterations
Design Improvement
Pareto front of
best designs
Today, the ratio is about one to five, with

the
wireless
roughly 80 million landlines in homes and
front, private 4G LTE
businesses versus roughly 380 million wireless
is
subscriptions.Things can change more rapidly
another
option
gaining some traction.

Last
February,
partnered
Nokia
with
(formerly
Alcatel-Lucent)
provide
AT&T
to
spectrum
than you expect.

Does
your
enterprisewide
utility
have
holistic,
strategy
for
an
Energy
Superhighway? Every utility should determine

how best to drive toward a compelling role in
the evolving energy economy.
and infrastructure for
GAS TURBINES
COMBUSTORS
info@cd-adapco.com
cd-adapco.com
utilities wishing to go
Richelle Elberg is a principal research analyst
this route; my contacts
contributing to Navigant Researchs Utility
say there has been
Transformations program and heading up the
strong interest to date.
Grid IT and Communications research service.
Coming
down
the pike is the much

vaunted 5G wireless
30
1609PEI_30 30
9/13/16 4:12 PM
Featuring:
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1609PEI_31 31
9/13/16 4:12 PM
Todays grids are facing new and challenging issues

Credit: Bert Kaufmann
Online state
estimation
in modern grids
Combining online estimation and lifetime monitoring means maintenance costs
can be reduced and the reliability of a network increases,
write Dr Ivana Mladenovic and Dr Thomas Werner
he
opening
of the same importance for different voltage
of markets has, in the past two
liberalization
and
levels. Mainly, distribution grids are affected,
approaches for state assessment:
decades, seen power systems
since 96 per cent of renewables are integrated
undergo
in medium- and low-voltage networks.
numerous
changes,
many
environmental
structural
driven
and
by
economic
factors.
measuring,
communication
and
condition monitoring systems to the same
The integration of offshore and onshore
Online state estimation describing the

actual network state with respect to
In general, these grids are not equipped

with
In modern power systems, there are two
electrical values like voltage and active

and reactive power; and
l
Lifetime or condition monitoring of assets
extent as transmission networks. Therefore,
such as transformers and cables, which
wind farms, Germanys Energiewende and
in
and
provides relevant information for asset
increased
in
digitalization, development and realization
management, for example to describe the
lower voltage levels have changed the face
of suitable accompanying systems for grid
aging of an asset.
of the power system. A network that was
management play a key role.
integration
of
renewables
todays
era
of
automatization
not designed for bidirectional power flow
In the last decades, computer-based

applications have been developed for both
with decentralized, stochastic and volatile
Flexible, dynamic, automated
tasks, especially for use in transmission and
loading and generation has had to face new
Modern power networks can be characterized
primary distribution grids.
challenging issues.
by flexible,dynamic and automated operation.
Compared to secondary distribution grids,
Their structure differs from conventional grids
these grids encompass a lower number
As a result, todays grids have to develop

according
influences:
in that self-organizing subsystems also carry
of nodes, branches and assets. This allows
increased volatile and fluctuating loading
responsibility for the local systems efficiency,
for more or less complex applications with
of
supply stability and reliability.
intensive engineering.
system
detection
to
the
following
components;
avoidance/elimination
The modern power system can also be
In secondary distribution networks with a
of bottlenecks; ensuring strong ancillary
seen as a multimodal energy system, where all
high number of equipment and assets, the
services and appropriate allocation of the
the parts individually contribute to the stability
use of traditional methods will not provide the
responsibilities between transmission and
and efficiency of the complete energy system.
right cost-benefit relation. Because of this, new

concepts are in development for online state
distribution
and
identification/
operators;
enhanced
The foundation for optimal operation
protection
systems;
is knowledge of the state of these energy
improvement of measurement, monitoring
systems and their components. It allows the
and communication systems; and life-cycle
use of advanced applications and decision-
Online state estimation
management of networks and assets.
making for improved network and asset
With
management.
becomes more important to have a consistent
functionality
system
of
However, these challenges are not always
32
1609PEI_32 32
estimation and condition monitoring.
increasing
network
requirements, it
9/13/16 4:12 PM
view of the state of the distribution network.
However, for condition determination of the
Applications like load flow, voltage-var-control
components, off-line diagnostic methods are
or optimal feeder configuration need a set of
mostly used. These require special diagnostic
input data which describe the network state
equipment, disconnection of the component
with minimal error, and which is self-consistent.
from the grid, and trained personnel to
State estimation is an established method for
perform diagnostic measurements. This takes
calculation of the complete network state
much time and mostly gives only classification
on the basis of a set of measurements, and
of the actual condition.
represents an essential part of any modern

networks control centre.
In order to reduce the costs for the

diagnosis, increase operation reliability and
The state-of-the-art estimation which is
get an overview of the remaining lifetime
used in power control systems is based on a
of the components in the entire grid, online
comprehensive data model of the network, an
diagnostic methods are required.
Figure 1. Partial view over ICAAS

Credit: Siemens
extensive installation of measurement devices
Moreover, for the purpose of estimating
and stable communication channels from the
remaining lifetime, life models are needed to
dependencies and the critical levels of
control centre to the stations.
estimate the equipments probable remaining
important diagnostic parameters (aging
life dependent on actual and expected load
condition, test parameters, environmental
Transferring the same state estimation

concepts
to
the
secondary
distribution
occasions.
parameters);
l
networks is very costly: acquisition and
With this in mind, an experiment on MV
maintenance of network model data is time
paper-insulated, lead covered cables was
consuming, the number of measurement
carried out. A fully automated and integrated
devices installed in the field is too low for the
cable accelerated aging system (ICAAS), that
behavior and remaining lifetime of PILC
conventional algorithms, and a lack of private
realizes artificial but realistic aging by freely
cables.
communication lines requires the use of
definable aging parameters and load profiles,
public communication networks with all of the
was developed, realized and verified.
related communication costs.
Description of the aging processes through
life/aging models;
l
Characterization of the condition, aging
In this way, condition estimation is improved

and prediction of the remaining lifetime of
In Figure, 1 a partial view of some of the
PILC cables is enabled.
However, the cost-benefit ratio of state
aging and protection components of the
estimation improves if its results can be used
ICAAS system and the cable samples are
communication techniques in distribution
not only for operation control of the distribution
shown.
grids offers the possibility for their improvement
network, but also in the asset management of

its components.
After verification of system functionality

and determination of the most suitable aging
Integration
of
measurement
and
to modern power grids, characterized by

flexible, dynamic and automated operation.
By combining online state estimation
conditions within a pre-test, the main aging
with online lifetime monitoring, the network
experiment began. Test objects included
state estimation methods can be used. By
operators awareness of asset conditions
several groups of MV PILC cables from different
supplementing them with life models of
increases and allows for the change from
generations: besides brand new cables, there
network components, it is possible to introduce
regular
were also samples that had been in field
online
operation for up to 45 years, and both of these
and dynamic prediction of components
were artificially aged.
remaining lifetimes.
maintenance
of
the
assets
to
condition-based maintenance.
As a result, maintenance costs can be
For
control
of
condition
monitoring
diagnostic parameters as well as of aging
disadvantages
network customer.
conditions were calculated with an accurate
systems, but also ensures that no additional
measuring system in regular time intervals.
measurement equipment or personnel are
strategies can be classified into groups
In
addition,
initial
measurements
of
only
active
increases, as does the satisfaction of the

maintenance
not
with
During the artificial aging, monitoring of
and
way
operation, online
reduced and the reliability of the network
Asset-management
This
the
overcomes
offline
the
diagnostic
needed to get an overview of the remaining
relating to the condition and/or importance
parametric studies (PS), which were also
lifetime of the components in the entire
of the component.
repeated during the aging process have
network.
Even-oriented (no significant maintenance
been carried out to determine the influence
before failure) and time-dependent (fixed
of variable test conditions, such as voltage or
Ivana
time intervals for maintenance, importance
temperature, on the dielectric parameters. In
Switching and Power Grid group. In 2012
included)
strategies
do
not
Mladenovic
works
in
Siemens
consider
this way a sophisticated databank with over
she won the John Neal Award of European
component condition. In many utilities today,
300,000 measurements and 1 TB of data was
Electrical Insulation Manufacturers.
there is a movement to condition-based
built up.
Thomas G Werner is innovation manager and
strategies, which can also be upgraded

to
reliability-based
strategies
wherein, in
addition to condition, risk-management and

prioritization assessments of the equipment
are made.
1609PEI_33 33
In the next stage, numerous studies and

analysis were performed, resulting in:
principal key expert for distribution automation

at Siemens. www.siemens.com
Development of methods and approaches
for data processing and interpretation;

l
Determination
of
the
physical
33
9/13/16 4:12 PM
Project Update
Work starts on 385 MW Arkona Baltic Sea wind farm
Construction has started on the 385 MW
and will be powered by 60 of Siemens 6
Ingo Luge,chief executive of E.ON Germany,
Arkona offshore wind farm in the German
MW turbines, which will rest on monopile
said: As the mainstay of future energy supply,
Baltic Sea.
foundations in up to 37 meters of water.
renewables must be able to stand on their
The cornerstone for the joint project being
The wind farm is scheduled to be fully
own economically going forward. Electricity
carried out by E.ON and Statoil has been laid
operational in 2019, when it make E.ON the
generation from offshore wind farms has
in Sassnitz on the island of Rgen.
first company to operate its own offshore wind
already experienced a considerable learning
farms in both the German North Sea and the
curve and will soon be able to do just that.
Baltic.
Through its high levels of investment, E.ON has
The 1.2bn ($1.3bn) Arkona project is

located 35 kilometers northeast of Rgen
GE signs gas turbine pact with Israel Electric

GE has signed a service deal with Israels main
and follows a previous 13-year multi-year
would increase
utility for gas turbines at three power plants.
agreement between IEC and GE for the three
energy supply by improving the reliability and

availability of its existing 9FA gas turbine fleet.
Electric
plants. It covers parts, repair and technical
Corporation and GEs Power Services business
The
pact
between
Israel
advisory services for planned outages for the
covers the three 9FA gas turbines at Eshkol,
three 9FA units.
Tzafit and Alon Tavor power stations.

The new deal comes into effect in 2017
GEs
Power
the
countrys
long-term
Eshkol is Israels third largest power plant

with a production capacity of 1449 MW, while
Services
president
Paul
McElhinney said the continued contract
Tzafit and Alon Tavor both have a 650 MW

capacity.
E.ON agrees 163m sale of windfarm transmission assets

E.ON has signed an agreement for the sale
full operation in May 2015 and has a capacity
of transmission assets at its Humber Gateway
of 219 MW. Balfour Beatty Investments and
offshore windfarm to a consortium comprising
Equitix were selected by Ofgem in September
Balfour Beatty Investments and Equitix for
2015 as the preferred bidder to own and
almost 163m.
operate the offshore transmission link. The sale
Humber Gateway remains 100 per cent
is necessary due to regulatory requirements
owned by E.ON and comprises 73 turbines
relating to the ownership of transmission and
located 8 km off the English coast. It went into
generation assets.
BRUSH claims generator world record

BRUSH Group is claiming a major milestone
25 MVA have resulted in six million fleet
in power generation with the delivery of the
operational running hours which the
400th generator for mobile power plants.
company claims is a world record.
BRUSH specializes in mobile generators
BRUSH chief executive Martyn Vaughan
rated above 25MVA with its DAX brand. The
said: In addition to the rental power sector,
400-generators milestone was reached in
we are seeing a new market demand in
slightly less than 16 years after the first trailer
mainstream industrial power supply, where
mounted DAX 62-170 unit entered service in
power
2000.
seeking to provide additional power capacity
BRUSH said today that the 400 generators

provided for mobile power plants above
34
1609PEI_34 34
generation
asset
managers
are
for on and off grid operations at a substantially

reduced capital outlay.
9/13/16 4:15 PM
Project Update
Wartsila wins Argentina $80m dual-fuel plant deal
Wrtsil is to supply a 100 MW dual-fuel power
Wrtsil was recently awarded in Argentina
key project. Dual-fuel engines were chosen
plant to Albares Renovables in Argentina.
and the plant is expected to be delivered early
because natural gas is not available for the
The $80m contract for the Central Termica
next year and be operational by the summer.
power market in Argentina all year round.
Pilar plant includes six Wrtsil 50DF engines
Wrtsils scope of supply for the project
When installed, the plant will also recover
with Albares Renovables has been extended
all of its heat and make it available to nearby
from equipment delivery only to a full turn-
companies.
running on gas and heavy fuel oil.

The order is one of five contracts that
Masdar on track with Mauritania solar plants

Abu Dhabi clean energy company Masdar
Sheikh Zayed Solar Power Plant in the capital
solutions to communities without access
has announced that it had passed the
city of Nouakchott.
to secure energy. Our capacity for efficient
halfway mark in the construction of a 16.6 MW
At the time of its completion in 2013, this
delivery under challenging conditions is the
plant was the largest solar power installation
reason why we were assigned this project
Masdar broke ground on the project in
in Africa and Mauritanias first utility-scale solar
in Mauritania. Coupling innovative project
December last year and once complete,
power project, accounting for more than
management strategies with cutting edge
the
10 per cent of the country grid-connected
technology has ensured we can deliver clean
capacity.
energy to these communities.
solar power plant network in Mauritania.
network
of
eight
solar
plants
will
supply 30 per cent of the electricity demand

to
several
remote
off-grid
communities,
Director
of
reducing their dependency on diesel-fired
Masdar
Special
generators.
Projects
Khaled
Ballaith
said:
Masdar chief executive Mohamed Jameel

Al Ramahi said: Delivery of this innovative
By
network will bring electricity to thousands of
remote
families for the first time, changing their lives
like
Afghanistan
for the better and further enabling socio-
and
the
economic development.
Islands, our team
Mauritanias national electricity provider

Socit
Mauritanienne
delectricit
working
has
vast
in
locations
Pacific
PRIVATE TREATY SALE

By Order of R A Croxen Esq of KPMG LLP,
Administrator of Aylesford Newsprint Ltd
FOR SALE FOR REMOVAL

TWO CHP UNITS, WATER TREATMENT PLANT
AND STEAM TURBINE
(Subject to availability and conditions of sale)
acquired
expertise
(SOMELEC) selected Masdar for the project
deploying
based on its successful delivery of the 15 MW
scale
in
smalloff-grid
Iberdrola rolls out more than

8 million smart meters in Spain
Iberdrola has now installed more than eight million smart meters in
AT:
Aylesford Newsprint Ltd, Newsprint House,

Bellingham Way, Aylesford, Kent
United Kingdom ME20 7DL
ON VIEW:
By Appointment
Spain.
The company has upgraded 76 per cent of all of its meters in Spain
with subscribed power equal to or less than 15 kilowatts and is ahead
of schedule on targets set by Spains Ministry of Industry.
The smart meter roll-out is part of a 2bn programme devised
by Iberdrola called Project Star
(Remote Grid Management and
Automation System) which it is implementing in the 10 regions where

it has power distribution networks.
Project Star is due to be completed in 2018 by which time more
than 10.5m meters will have be replaced.
CONTACT DETAILS:
Mike Hanson / email: mhanson@lsh.co.uk
Telephone: 00 44 (0)115 950 1414
In Association with John Wilkie Paper Mill Services Ltd
John Wilkie / email: WilkieMaryfield@aol.com
Telephone: 00 44 (0)1764 685267
www.lshauctions.co.uk
The property, plant & machinery specialist
0115 950 1414
1609PEI_35 35
35
9/13/16 4:15 PM
Project Update
DEWA launches cyber defence centre
Dubai Electricity and Water Authority has
services, in cooperation with an efficient and
become the first government organisation in
professional team, added Al Tayer.
Dubai to launch a cyber defence centre.
Marwan
Bin
Haider,
executive
vice-
DEWA chief executive Saeed Mohammed
president of Innovation and the Future at
Al Tayer said: DEWA is constantly working to
DEWA, added that the company understands
transform Dubai into a role model for smart
the importance of immediately dealing with
cities, by adopting the best information
potential security threats that can affect
security practices, which is a vital pillar in the
smart cities. DEWA established the 24/7 cyber
development of smart cities.
defence centre to predict potential threats,
DEWA adopts the best international

standards
to
improve
its
and ensure that preventive measures are in
services, and
place to protect our data, by monitoring our
achieve the highest standards of quality and
services and technical assets around the
excellence across all projects, initiatives, and
clock.
Milestone for Ireland onshore wind farm

A 169 MW wind farm in the west of Ireland has
that consists of four wind farms Cloosh,
Turbine installation on Phase 2 is due to
reached phase one in its development, and
Lettercraffroe, Seecon and Uggool. When
commence from November and all turbines
once completed will be the countrys largest
operational it will have the capacity to
are expected to be installed by mid-2017.
onshore wind facility.
generate enough energy to power around
As part of Coillte and SSEs commitment
84,000 homes, equivalent to almost 90 per
to the local economy, Galway Harbour is
cent of the homes in Co. Galway.
playing a key role in this phase of the project.
The Galway Wind Park has reached a

major milestone, with the first turbine now fully
installed.
Phase 1 (64 MW) entered construction in
The nacelles, hubs, blades and other ancillary
A number of the other turbines in this first
February 2015 and is owned and financed
turbine components are being shipped
phase are partially assembled, with the bases
by SSE, while Phase 2 (105 MW) is a 50/50
to Galway Harbour, while the larger tower
and mid-towers installed.
joint venture between SSE and Irelands
components will be transported to the site
commercial state forestry company, Coillte.
from Foynes, Co. Limerick.
Galway Wind Park is a wind farm cluster
Scottish offshore tidal array claims world first

Whats believed to be the worlds first fully-
renewable energy and added that it was
said the operation of the tidal array was an
operational,
the first company to secure financial close on
historic moment.
commercial,
grid-connected
offshore tidal array has been deployed in
a commercial tidal array.
Shetland in Scotland.
The UKs Carbon Trust estimates that a
The second in a series of three 100 kW

turbines has been deployed alongside the
global tidal energy market of $165 billion

dollars could be developed by 2050.
first turbine, which operator Nova Innovation
Nova Innovation managing director Simon
says makes it the first offshore tidal array in the
Forrest said:We are absolutely delighted to be
world to deliver electricity to the grid.
the first company in the world to deploy a fully
The Shetland Tidal Array is a partnership

between
Nova
and
Belgian
renewable
energy company ELSA. Nova said that the
operational tidal array. Deploying the second

turbine truly sets us apart and showcases our
technology.
Shetland array heralds a new era for tidal
Richard Graham MP, who chairs the All-
energy as a long-term source of predictable
Party Parliamentary Group on Marine Energy
renewable power unlike other forms of
and Tidal Lagoons which he launched in July,
36
1609PEI_36 36
This is a really encouraging step forward

for UK tidal power.
9/13/16 4:15 PM
Technology Update
Renold Gears launches SmartGearbox
Renold
Gears
has
launched
new
SmartGearbox featuring, the company claims,

a unique oil condition monitoring system.
Renold
Gears
says
the
patented
technology is 60 times more sensitive to oil

contamination than a standard dielectric
sensor and provides an all-round view of
gearbox oil performance.
It adds that it is easy to use and enables an
effective way to display the real-time condition
of gearbox oil. It can be used either as a
stand-alone system or simply connected to a
variety of control and display systems such as
the result of oil contamination, the new
and performance by continuously monitoring
PLCs, smartphones and tablets.
SmartGearbox has been designed to cut
the condition of the oil and reports on any
Renold Gears says that as approximately
downtime, reduce maintenance and the
early signs of problems enabling immediate
75 per cent of all drive system failures are
overall cost of ownership. It increases reliability
action to be taken.
RTK announces new actuator line

RTK, a CIRCOR Energy brand, has launched the
RTK says the new REact actuators offer

advantages
company adds that a patented adaptive
next generation of its REact electric actuator
technological
including
spindle system reduces the structural height
product line, which it claims is 60 per cent
optimized positioner, applied Brushless DC
of the REact 60E and 100E. The new REpos
more energy-efficient than previous versions
motor
positioner offers data logging functions, a
and other market available products.
structure and variable actuator speeds. The
technology, a
compact, modular
micro USB interface, and a graphic display.
Advanced smart grid system to be demonstrated in Amsterdam & Cologne

Grid-Friends, a European research project that
for
them
received funding in the framework of the
aims to accelerate Europes energy transition
to maximize self-sufficiency and generate
joint programming initiative ERA-Net Smart
by setting a new standard in smart-grid
greater value through shared exploitation of
Grids Plus, with support from the European
technology, is launching two projects in the
storage and other flexible assets.
Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation
Netherlands and Germany.
energy
cooperatives, enabling
The platform we are developing enables
programme.
The project will implement an advanced
many distributed renewable energy systems
smart-grid platform in two communities:
to be combined into one, larger, virtual power
two leading European research institutes
Schoonschip, a residential neighborhood
plant, which is able to perform the same
Stichting Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica
located in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, and a
services as centralized power plants and
(CWI) and the Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial
carbon-neutral housing complex in Cologne,
production systems. said Matthias Klein, team
Mathematics (ITWM).Also involved are Spectral
Germany.
leader at Fraunhofer ITWM.
Utilities, a systems integration and cleantech
The Dutch pilot will be the first of its kind
The
Grid-Friends
consortium
includes
The platform will use the latest in ICT
development startup based in Amsterdam;
how
technology to control battery systems, electric
and Evohaus, a green construction firm
local communities that manage their own
vehicle chargers, energy generation assets,
founded in 1998, based in Germany and a
microgrid behind the meter can play a pivotal
heat pumps, thermal storage and smart
leader in innovative construction and real
role in the European energy transition.
appliances in order to optimize energy supply
estate development, focused on building
and demand.
carbon-neutral ecological living quarters for
in
the
Netherlands, demonstrating
Grid-Friends is developing the coordination

mechanisms
and
the
software
1609PEI_37 37
platform
The project started in May 2016 and has
low income families.
37
9/13/16 4:15 PM
Technology Update
Emerson unveils continuous gas analyzer
Emerson has unveiled the Rosemount CT5400
continuous gas analyzer, which it says it has
launched in response to the worldwide need
for highly accurate, easy-to-use and costeffective process gas analysis and emissions
monitoring systems.
The company says the CT5400 uniquely
combines tunable diode laser (TDL) and
quantum cascade laser (QCL) technologies
within the same analyzer to provide near-
measurement
instant high-resolution spectroscopy to detect
of
and identify a range of molecules in both the
components, the modular
near and mid-infrared range of spectroscopic
and scalable design of the CT5400 can
the Rosemount laser-based gas analysers
light with an enhanced dynamic range from
incorporate up to six high-resolution laser
have a significantly quicker response time
sub ppm to per cent levels.
modules and can detect, measure and
and make continuous measurements. Sub-
monitor
second measurements give operators the
Emerson added that, unlike traditional
one
or
up
two
to
12
Dr Ruth Lindley, product

manager for Emerson QCL analysers, said
critical
components
process gas analyzers requiring continuous
simultaneously, eliminating
the
need
for
ability to make adjustments to their processes
calibration and verification, and other single
multiple analyzers and sample handling
and avoid costly upsets that can develop into
laser-based systems which are limited to
systems.
emergencies.
Atlas Copco launches new inverter power generators

Atlas Copco has launched two new inverter
power generators.
The P 2000i and P 3500i models are the
latest additions to the companys complete
portfolio of portable generators.
Atlas Copco said that the new inverters use
advanced electronics and magnets to ensure
efficiency.
Designed for daily use, or for frequent
single
jobs, typically
involving
handheld
power tools, the inverter power portable

generators are easy to operate, with a recoil
start function that ensures fast activation. Fuel
consumption is low, thanks to variable speed
control that adapts engine speed to load
conditions. Additionally, the generators can be
connected and used in parallel to increase
the overall power capability without requiring
The new iP generators are the latest
demanding in terms of power needs. Low
addition to Atlas Copcos extensive range
noise levels are required on all metropolitan
of
offer
construction to avoid noise pollution. In
respectively, the P 2000i and P3500i can run for
considerable value to users, said Sergio
addition, wider environmental issues, such
up to six hours before refuelling.The generators
Salvador, product marketing manager for
as reduction of CO2 emissions, are also a big
are also fitted with noise-reducing canopies to
small generators at Atlas Copco Portable
consideration. Therefore easy transportation
keep engine noise levels at a level of around
Energy.
and reduced fuel consumption are a firm
a larger generator.
Incorporating fuel tanks of four and 11 litres
63 dBA comparable with an electric razor.
38
1609PEI_38 38
portable
power
solutions
and
Construction sites are becoming more
customer requirement.
9/13/16 4:15 PM
Technology Update
E.ON in deal for 10 MW battery to equalize renewables
German energy company E.ON is to install
is set to run for ten years and is scheduled to
and operate a 10 MW battery to equalize the
begin in the first half of 2017.
feed-in of renewable energy to a transmission
The battery is based on lithium titanate

technology, which E.ON says renders it
Meanwhile, E.ON will collaborate with
capable of handling rapid charging and
Greensmith Power, a provider of storage
discharging. In contrast to a conventional
The battery will be charged by an
solutions, to prepare a technical design the
solution based on coal or gas, the battery
associated 2 MW solar park which E.ON will
battery, named the Iron Horse. The battery will
offers the advantage of being able to react
construct, own and operate.
be located at the Science and Technology
quickly to fluctuations in the network, the
Park of the University of Arizona in Tucson.
company explained.
network in the US.
The partnership with Tucson Electric Power
Flowserve upgrades bearing isolator technology

Flowserve Corporation has released new
accumulate in the motor shaft until it can find
helps to significantly extend bearing life. The
Bearing
a path to ground.
new Bearing Gard with electrical grounding
Gard
bearing
isolator
upgrade
technology designed to extend bearing life
Without proper grounding between the
technology dramatically increases electric
and reduce operating costs for motors driven
shaft and the motor housing, the bearings
motor reliability by guarding against the two
by variable frequency drives (VFDs).
often become the path to ground. The
main causes for premature motor failure:
In recent years, VFDs have grown in
resulting electrical discharge can drastically
bearing contamination and damage due to
popularity because of their ability to deliver
damage or even destroy the bearings in just a
electrical discharge.
greater system efficiency, extend motor life
few months of service, Flowserve added.
and optimize operating costs.

However, Flowserve says that VFDs operate
Flowserve
says
the
Bearing
Gard
is
The company developed new Bearing
uniquely capable of resisting contamination
Gard technology to directly address this
at the entry point with its patented triple
by delivering power to the motor in a series
challenge.
combination
of positive and negative pulses, which often
grounding protection in place, substantial
protected rotor/stator interface, and oversized
results in unbalanced voltage that can
elimination of shaft voltage is achieved, which
contamination channels.
With
integrated
electrical
of
static
shut-off,
O-ring-
Flexicon unveils one-piece construction conduit fitting

Flexicon has launched what it claims is the
than three seconds using a simple push-and-
a high performance fitting with the correct
worlds best conduit fitting for electrical and
twist connection to the conduit.
flexible conduit will protect the cabling and
data installations in the power generation

industry.
Creedon added:
When you consider
that cabling can face multiple
Flexicon sales and marketing director
water
developed
the
c o r ro s i o n ,
loss of power or data would have serious
exposure
consequences resulting in downtime, loss
to
of revenue and possible penalty clauses. In
grease and
todays interconnected world such a loss can
chemicals,
often affect far more than the equipment
i m p a c t
connected.
resistance,
applications
where
The company said that, unusually for such
and
dust ingress,
oil,
vibration
a high performance fitting, Flexicon Ultra has
and
a one-piece construction, making it easier
more, then
to install with less chance of an incorrect
getting the cable protection
assembly. The fitting can be installed in less
right is vital.
1609PEI_39 39
the installation.
hazards that might include
Tim Creedon said: Flexicon Ultra has been

for
help secure its connection for the lifetime of
many
Combining
39
9/13/16 4:15 PM
Diary
November
October
South Africa Gas Options
35 October
Cape Town, South Africa
www.energynet.co.uk/event/southafrica-gas-options-2016
European Biomass to Power 2016
56 October
Seville, Spain
www.wplgroup.com
China Wind Power
1921 October
Beijing, China
www.chinawind.org.cn
December
Power Week
711 November
Singapore
www.power-week.com
Energy Storage Summit Japan
89 November
Tokyo, Japan
essj.messe-dus.co.jp/en/energystorage-summit-japan
Nuclear Power Plant Life
Management & Extension
910 November
Paris, France
wplgroup.com/aci/event/nuclearpower-plant-life-managementextension
Global Energy Outlook Forum

8 December
New York City, US
www.platts.com/events/americas/
global-energy-forum
POWER-GEN International
1315 December
Orlando, Florida, US
www.power-gen.com
Nuclear Power International
1315 December
Orlando, Florida, US
www.nuclearpowerinternational.com
Ad Index
AKSA POWER GENERATION
ANSALDO ENERGIA
AUMA RIESTER GMBH
CD-ADAPCO
CONCO SERVICES CORP
DR THIEDIG
GLOBAL POWER EVENTS
KBS MEDIA
LAMBERT SMITH HAMPTON
MAN DIESEL SE
C2
3
23
30
29
9
17
13
35
11
MOBITRON AB
MTU FRIEDRICHSHAFEN GMBH
POWER GENERATION WEEK
POWER-GEN AFRICA
POWER-GEN EUROPE 2017
POWER-GEN INTERNATIONAL 2016
POWER-GEN RUSSIA
SIEMENS AG
VAISALA OYJ
4-5
7
15
25
C3
C4
31
19
21
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1609PEI_40 40
9/13/16 4:15 PM
CONFERENCE & EXHIBITION
20-22 JUNE 2017
KOELNMESSE, COLOGNE, GERMANY
CALL FOR
PAPERS
SUBMIT AN ABSTRACT FOR
POWER-GEN & RENEWABLE ENERGY WORLD EUROPE 2017

The Advisory Board of the POWER-GEN & Renewable Energy World
Europe conference invites power industry experts to present a paper in
the joint conference in Cologne 2017.
The principal themes of the 2017 conference are:
Strategy, Policy, Regulation, Business & Finance
Solutions For Integration
Renewable Energy Strategy, Projects And Technology
Energy Storage
Mastering The Digital Era
Gas Fired Generation
Modern Plant Management & Emissions Control
Steam-Based Generation Techniques And Technologies
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The magazine for the international power industry

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POWER ENGINEERING INTERNATIONAL

Project & Technology Update

Russian sanctions and the power sector

Virtual power plants can ensure stability by automatically

EU sanctions are affecting the development and

Controlling combustion in gas turbines

Utilities and the energy superhighway

Currently, state-of-the-art CCPPs have net thermal

Where virtual meets reality

Online state estimation in modern grids

In next months magazine

Technology to improve plant heat rate

3D printing of power equipment components

Free Product Info

Power Engineering International September 2016

pillars that is required to achieve an energy

undoubtedly energy storage however

system that is 100 per cent sustainable - a

there is also no doubt that it is a next big

low carbon, resilient and balanced energy

system. Its essential that financial institutions

work closely with developers and policy

globally, the road to large-scale commercial

makers to create a conduit for energy storage

deployment still faces many hurdles, as

technology that will support the wider strength

evidenced in a report published this month.

of renewable energy production.

The study states that developers and

The diverse nature of potential energy

investors face an unsolved Rubiks Cube of

storage technologies was highlighted by

technologies, regulatory frameworks, revenues

another report this month.

and costs. And the report which focuses on

Analysts from Bloomberg New Energy

the UK energy sector finds that Britain could

Finance state that there is huge energy

have 10 GW of energy storage by the 2030s

storage potential in repurposing used electric

but only if the government can deliver a clear,

long term policy and regulatory framework to

BNEF senior analyst Claire Curry calculates

Energy storage - towards a commercial

coming out of cars by 2025 a capacity that

model, has been compiled by four firms:

she says far exceeds the size of the current

renewable energy advisors Regen SW, finance

stationary storage market.

company Triodos Bank, low-carbon developer

Of this 29 GWh, around 10 GWh will get a

It explores the alternative business models

that today, a new stationary storage system

that will make clean energy the subsidy free

can cost up to $1000/kWh while, in contrast,

backbone of Britains electricity system.

repurposing used EV batteries could cost as

Regen SW director Johnny Gowdy said

little as $49/kWh in 2018, with an additional

rapidly and the flexibility it provides can