BMED 3100 Map 2

Concepts
Compare para/sympathetic
Look at neurotransmission
Include the relationship between homeostatis and autonomic system
Terms
Sensory info (from somantosensory and visceral) go to homestatic control
centers
Control Centers (hypothalamus, pons and medulla)
Pathways are two neuron Pre and post ganglionic neuron.
Pre axon projects to autonomic ganglion outside the CNS
Synapses with post out there
o Post projects axon to the target tissue
Sympathetic ganglion
Two ganglion chains run along the vertebral column
Long nerves project from the ganglia to the target tissue
Short pre and long post since close to spinal cord
Para

Pathways originate in the brain stem

Axons leave from crainial nerves
Ganglia are located on or near targe
Major parasympathetic tract is the vagus nerve

Chemical signals
Release Ach onto nicotinic cholinergeric receptors on the post ganglionic cell
Most post in symp secreate Noreperine (NE) onto adrenergic receptors
Most post para secreate Ach onto muscarinic cholerginic receptors
Neuroeffector junction: synapse between post and target
Pathway
Post end in varicosity contain neurotransmitter filled vesicles
Neurotransmitters diffuse to receptors (throufh IF)
Neurotransmitters are released due to Ca+
More neurotransmitter means a more and longer response
Activation due to the neurotransmitter occurs when
o It breaks down
o Diffuses away
o Transported else where
Subtypes
Sympathetic
Symp secreate catecholamines which bind to adrenergic receptors
o Varieties

Alpha Receotirs
Most common
Strong to NE weak to E
Beta
B1 = reation to NE and E
B2 more to E
B3 more to NE
o Adrenergic receptors
o Alpha activate phpopholipase C and create inositol trisphosphate
(IP3)
o IP3 openn Ca2+ channel
o A1(alpha 1) causes muscle contraction by exociytosis
o A2 decreases cylic AMP smooth muscle
o B increal cAMP phosyphylation
o B1 Activation enhanced cardiac muscle contration
o B2 relaxes muscle
Parasympathetic Pathways
o Release Ach
o 5 types of receptors
Muscarinic cholinergic and nicotinic
Heart Specific

Sympathetic Fibers travel the epicardial vascular structures of the heart into myocardium
o end as sympathetic nerve terminals reaching the endocardium.
Para is carried by the right and left vagus nerves
VN divides into superior and inferior cardiac nerves
Merge with post Symp at base of heart cardiac plexus
chromaffin cells synthesize, store, release epinephrine and norepinephrine
o derive from the adrenal medulla,
amount of catecholamines presented to cardiac adrenergic receptors result of nerve
symp terminals
NE stimulates A2 which is negative feedback for exocitysy
In heart, the 2 main ARs are the -ARs
o 90% vs 10% A1
Parasympathetic stimulation decreases heart rate by decreasing sinoatrial node
discharge rate and atrioventricular node conduction velocity with minimal or no
effect on cardiac contractility

Symp SA node fire faster vs Para fire slower

AV node faster with Symp Longer delay with Para: Less Calcium entering the
heart

Contract/relaxation of both left/right venticles

o Parasympathetic has no effect

o Symp stronger contraction
o SYmp relax happens more quickly (sarcoplasm and calcium pump)
Resources:
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/114/11/1815.full
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatorysystem/nerve-regulation-of-the-heart/v/autonomic-nervous-systemeffects-on-the-heart
Resources

Desai, R. (n.d.). Autonomic nervous system effects on the heart. Retrieved October 03, 2016,
from https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system/nerveregulation-of-the-heart/v/autonomic-nervous-system-effects-on-the-heart
Florea, V. G., & Cohn, J. N. (2014, May 23). The Autonomic Nervous System and Heart Failure.
Circulation Research, 114(11). Retrieved October 3, 2016.