Taxonomy of the Passions

Basic passion

amor (love)

odium (hate)
concupiscentia
(sense desire)

Species
(including intellective
analogues)

Causes

amor
amicitiae (benevolence): the one goodness,
or group for whom good is
and, because of goodness:
willed
amor concupiscentiae: the
cognition of the good
good willed for that one or
group.
similarity, either actual
dilectio (involves choice)
or potential
caritas (object of great
worth)
evil
love of the opposite or
contrary
natural concupiscence:
love
natural desire for necessities
like food, drink, shelter,
perpetuation of species, etc
non-natural
concupiscence(cupiditas):
induced desire for more of what

Effects

union
mutual cleaving of lover and
beloved
ecstasy
jealousy/zeal
softening
delight in the presence of the
beloved and languor in the
absence of the beloved
fervor
desire and hence all
actions in general

is pleasing to the senses than is

necessary for nature (peculiar to
man and potentially infinite)
fuga (aversion)

delectatio (pleasure)

natural pleasure: pleasure at

the satisfaction of a natural
desire
non-natural pleasure:
pleasure at the satisfaction of an
operation
acquired desire
change
hope and memory
By extention:
sorrow, insofar as it is (a) is
gaudium (joy): delight at actual and brings the loved thing
to mind or (b) is remembered
the satisfaction of
and has been alleviated
rational desire:
actions of others
laetitia: full-hearted joy doing good for another
similarity
wonder (desire to know
exultatio: overflowing
causes) +hope (to find out)
joy, excitement

dolor (pain)

expansiveness
desire for pleasure
impeding of the use of
reason
perfection of operation

iucunditas: delight,
enjoyment, pleasantness

By extention:
tristitia: sorrow/sadness at
the possession of some
evil/absence of some good with
respect to oneself; includes
penance (poenitentia), i.e.,

conjoined evil or,

secondarily, alost good
desire for unity
an irresistible power that is
and remains contrary to one's
inclinations

loss of the ability to learn

a weighing down of the soul
a weakening of any
operation that is done with
sadness, but astrengthening of
any operation by which, given

sorrow for one's moral sins

misericordia (pity,
compassion, mercy): sorrow at
someone else's evil or suffering
as if it were one's own
invidia (envy): sorrow at
someone else's good as if it
were an evil for oneself;
includes jealousy (zelus) or
sorrow at the undeserved good
fortune of another) (nemesis)
anxietas/angustia (distress):
sorrow in the face of an evil that
seems inescapable
acedia (torpor/depression):
sorrow that debilitates one by
taking away even the desire to
escape.

the presence of hope, one tries

to rid oneself of the sadness

spes (hope)

whatever makes something

possible (e.g. money, courage,
wisdom, experience, etc.)
whatever makes
one think that something is
possible (e.g., either experience
(in some cases) or the lack of
experience (in other cases)

love of that which makes

something arduous possible for
us
helping the operation by
which one tries to acquire the
arduous good
pleasure or delight

desperatio (desperation)

whatever makes something

impossible
whatever makes
one think that something is
impossible

hatred of that which makes

something arduous impossible
for usobstructing the
operation by which one tries to
acquire the arduous good
sorrow or sadness

 natural fear: fear of

corruptive evils because of a
natural desire for being
non-natural fear: fear of a
sorrowful evil that is repugnant
not to nature but to desire
With respect to one's action:

timor (fear)

segnities (sluggishness): fear

of hard work
erubescentia (timidity,
embarrassment): fear of what
others will think of you if you
act in a given way in the future
verecundia (shame,
disgrace): fear of what others
will think of an act that has
already been committed

love
lack of virtue in the one who
fears
strength and power in the
object of fear

With respect to external evil:

admiratio: fear of some
great evil whose outcome one is
not sufficient to figure out
stupor: fear of an
unaccustomed evil that one
considers great
agonia: fear of an
unanticipated evil
audacia (daring)

hope
whatever causes hope (see

shrinking of spirit
openness to counsel
trembling
impeding of operation,
especially bodily operations

above)
whatever reduces or
banishes fear
wine, etc.

ira (anger)

Note: anger always has two

objects: (a) vindication as a
good and (b) the person or
thing that one seeks vindication
with respect to as something
evil.
fel (wrath): anger that is
ignited quickly
mania (bitterness): abiding
or long-lasting anger; bitterness
furor (fury): anger that does
not subside until there is
vengeance; anger with a firm
resolve to punish

injury done to one either

directly or indirectly--or
memory thereof
the contempt unjustly shown
for you by the one you are
angry with, viz., disrespect
(despectus), obstructing you
from doing something
(epereasmus), or insults
(contumelatio)
a particular excellence in
the angry person or defect in
the other

pleasure produced by the

hope for and anticipatory
enjoyment of vengeance
heatedness
hindering of the use of
reason
taciturnity (as when one tries
to hold in one's anger and turns
red in the fact, or as one is so
angry one cannot speak)