Assignment-02

th

Due on 17 Oct 2016

Assume small ripple approximation where appropriate and periodic steady state for analysisunless
specified otherwise.
Q-01. Following is a converter that operates for bi-directional power flow between batterybanks V1 and
V2.

a)
b)
c)

Given the polarity as marked, realize the switches using appropriate devices.
Switch "1" is ON for the time DTs find the expression for conversion ratio V2/V1.
Given that both battery banks have an internal resistance RS, find an expression forthe
efficiency of the converter. You may assume operation in either direction.

Q-02. Consider the following circuit of a Buck converter to be used with an input power
supply Vg that has the linear I-V characteristics with unity slope.

One way of interpreting the input supply behavior is to consider it a crude solar panel.Assuming
the switch position 1 for DTs, periodic steady state operation and small ripplein IL and VC:
a) Find an expression for iIN in terms of input voltage vG.
b) Draw the input voltage and current waveforms for steady state operation at dutycycle D, an
output voltage Vo and Load resistance R.
c) If D=0, what is the value of output voltage in terms of VOC and R.
d) If D=1, what is the value of output voltage in terms of VOC and R.
e) Find an expression for conversion ratio M(D)=VO/VOC in terms of D and R.
f) Find an expression for Power delivered to the load as a function of D, VOC and R.
g) What will be the value of vG for maximum power delivered to the load.
Another way of interpreting the source is for it to be a non-ideal voltage source with aninternal
resistance.
h) Model Vg as an ideal source with a non-ideal internal resistance.
i) Model the DC steady state equivalent circuit of this converter including an ideal DC-DC
transformer being driven by the source modeled in the previous part.
j) Use the DC steady state equivalent circuit model to find M(D).
An input capacitor filter (neg. ripple) is now attached in parallel with Vg.
k) Find the expression for ripple in capacitor voltage.
l) Find the expression and draw the waveforms for input current, input voltage andmaximum
power delivered.

Q-03. In this question we will cover the switching transient of a power diode with some
modified modeling assumptions. Following are the assumptions to be considered foranalysis in
thisquestion. Neglect other non-idealities such as parasitic inductance, etc.:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

The device has a fixed depletion capacitance, Cj=1nF, under reverse bias and noeffect
under forward bias.
The device is considered to be in reverse bias when Cj is charged.
The device has a fixed diffusion capacitance, Cd=50nF, for buildup of injected chargeunder
forward bias, 100nCQd0 and then does not accumulate any more charge.
The ON-resistance of the diode is 0.5for Qd<60nC and reduces to 10m
whenQd60nC due to conductivity modulation.
Diode has zero reverse saturation current.
The diode is initially reverse biased with VD=-1000V at the terminals and is turned onwith a step
current of Io=100A at t=0.
a) What are the values of Qd, Qj, Cd and Cj at t<0.
b) What is the voltage VD at the diode terminals at t=0+.
c) Sketch the diode turn-on transient (iD and VD) clearly computing and marking thefollowing
times:
Time t0 for VD=0.
i.
Time tf and VD when the diode becomes forward biased.
ii.
Time tc and (VD at tc-) and (VD at tc+) when the conductivity modulation
iii.
changes RON.
Time ts and VD for the diode to reach steady state in turn-ON.
iv.
The diode is now turned off at a constant rate diR/dt=250A/s till it fully turns off andthen the
current goes abruptly to zero when VD=-1000V.
d) Sketch the diode turn-off transient clearly marking the following times. Express the
conditions that can be used to compute the times but do not compute the time unlessexplicitly
asked:
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.

Compute time t0 for VD=0.

Time tc and (VD at tc-) and (VD at tc+) when the conductivity modulation
changes RON.
Time tr and VD when the diode becomes reverse biased.
Time tS when the diode reaches steady state in turn-OFF.
Compute the total time tOFF for the diode to turn-OFF.

Q-04.* To reduce the switching harmonics present in the input current of a certain buck converter, aninput filter
consisting of inductor L1 and capacitor C1 is added as shown in Figure below. Such filters arecommonly used to meet
regulations limiting conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI). For thisproblem, you may assume that all
inductance and capacitance values are sufficiently large, such that allripple magnitudes are small.

(a) Sketch the transistor current waveform ir(t).

(b) Derive analytical expressions for the DC components of the capacitor voltages and inductor currents.
(c) Derive analytical expressions for the peak ripple magnitudes of the input filter inductor current andcapacitor voltage.
(d) Given the following values:
Input voltage Vg = 48 V
Output voltage V = 36 V
Switching frequency fs = 100 kHz
Load resistance R = 6 ohm
Select values for L1 and C1 such that (i) the peak voltage ripple on C1 is two percent of the decomponentVc1, and
(ii)
the input peak current ripple on L1 is 20mA.
Extra credit problem: Derive exact analytical expressions for (i) the de component of the output
voltage, and (ii) the peak-to-peak inductor current ripple, of the ideal buck-boost converter operating insteady state.Do
not make the small-ripple approximation.

Q-05.* In the given buck-boost converter, the inductor has winding resistance RL. All other losses can be ignored.

(a) Drive an expression for nonideal voltage conversion ratio V/Vg.

(b) Plot your result of part (a) over the range 0< D <1, for RL/R=0, 0.01 and 0.055.
(c) Drive an expression for efficiency, manipulate your expression into a form similar to expression 3.35 in
the book.

*Fundamentals of Power Electronics by Robert W. Erickson, P# 2.9

*Fundamentals of Power Electronics by Robert W. Erickson, P# 3.1