7.

TRIGONOMETRIC FUNCTIONS
Synopsis :
1.

Let R. Take an angle of measure radians in the standard position. Let P(x, y) be a point on the
terminal side of the angle such that OP = r( > 0). Then
i)

y
is called sine of and it is denoted by sin.
r

ii)

x
is called
r

iii)

y
x

iv)

x
(y 0) is called cotangent of and it is
y

v)

r
(x 0) is called secant of and it is denoted by sec.
x

vi)

r
y

cosine of and it is denoted by cos

(x 0) is called tangent of and it is denoted by tan.

denoted by cot.

(y 0) is called cosecant of and it is denoted by cosec.

These six functions (ratios) are called trigonometric functions (ratios).

2.

sin.cosec = 1, sin =

3.

cos.sec = 1, cos =

4.

tan.cot = 1, tan =

5.

sin
cos
= tan ,
= cot
cos
sin

6.

sin2 + cos2 = 1,

1
1
, cosec =
cos ec
sin

1
1
, sec =
cos
sec
1
1
, cot =
cot
tan

sin2 = 1 cos2,
cos2 = 1 sin2
7.

1+tan2= sec2, tan2 = sec2 1, sec2 tan2=1.

8.

1 + cot2 = cosec2 , cot2 = cosec2 1,

cosec2 cot2 = 1.

9.

sec + tan =

1
.
sec tan

Trigonometric Functions
10. cosec + cot =

1
.
cos ec cot

11. The values of the trigonometric functions of some standard angles :

/6

/4

sin

1/2

1/

cos

1/

1/2

/2

/3
/2

/2

3/2

12. Trigonometric functions of 2n + ; nZ

1) sin(2n + ) = sin, cos(2n + ) = cos
2) tan(2n + ) = tan, cot(2n + ) = cot
3) sec(2n + ) = sec, cosec(2n + ) = cosec
13. Trigonometric functions of (), for all values of
1) sin() = sin ,

2) cos() = cos ,

3) tan() = tan ,

4) cot() = cot ,

5) sec() = sec ,
6) cosec() = cosec
14. The values of trigonometric functions of any angle can be represented in terms of an angle in the
first quadrant

Let A = n. where nZ, 0

i) sin n.

. Then

= sin , if n is even

= cos , if n is odd
ii) cos n.

= cos , if n is even

= sin , if n is odd

iii) tan n. = tan , if n is even

= cot , if n is odd
iv) cot n.

= cot , if n is even

= tan , if n is odd

v) sec n.

= sec , if n is even

= cosec , if n is odd

vi) cosec n. = cosec , if n is even

= sec , if n is odd