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Question
Watercourses are passageways for the circulating fluids. Name one type of watercourses.
FGS is a system allowing gathering of several flowlines and permits transmission of the combined stream to
processing facility (CPF) and measures the oil/water/gas ratio. What is the name of FGS?
Drilling fluid also provides a degree of lubricity to aid the movement of the drillpipe and bottomhole assembl
What are the preferred fluid types for high-angle directional wells because of its high degree of lubricity?
State what analysis of geopolitical phenomena as a set of individual interactions can help oil and gas compan
understand unfolding world events?
CALCULATION: An oil reservoir exists at its bubble-point pressure of 3,000 psia and
temperature of 160 F. The oil has an API gravity of 42 and a gas-oil ratio
of 600 scf/STB. The specific gravity of the solution gas is 0.65. What is the specific gravity of the st
oil?
What is the length of the period do the candidates that fails the exam attempt for Petroleum engineering c
have to wait before a second attempt?
How much is the application fees for PE certification?
When did SPE become an incorporated organization? Please state the year.
CALCULATION: An oil reservoir has water density of 65.2 lb/ft^3 and Oil density of 55.2 lb/ft^3. The
bottom layer of the oil reservoir is located at a depth of 4,035ft, which is 35.8ft above the FWL. Usi
height h of 35.8 ft, calculate the capillary pressure at the top of the bottom layer.
How many times can a candidates to be allowed to attempt the exam for PE cert?
What is the length of the period do the candidates that fails the second exam attempt for Petroleum eng
certification have to wait before a third attempt?
How much is the renewal fees for PE certification?
CALCULATION: An oil reservoir has WOC of 4,060 ft, with water density of 65.2 lb/ft^3 and Oil dens
lb/ft^3. What is the FWL value if the displacement pressure is 0.75 psi?
What is the retention time typically set in a separator?
CALCULATION: An oil reservoir exists at its bubble-point pressure of 3,000 psia and
temperature of 160 F. The reservoir area is 640 acres with 10 ft average thickness and effective po
%. What is the pore volume in bbl?
A subsurface condition in which the pore pressure of a geologic formation exceeds or is less than the expecte
normal, formation pressure. What do ths condition called?
State the term used for horizontal entry into an ore body.
State the geologist who propsed the theory of Continental drift.
Name the river that carries the highest volume of water .
what is the name of the organization SPE used to belong to?
X controls the flow of fluids in the annulus. What is X?
The principle that governs how fluid moves in the subsurface is called?
What protects the compressor from going into surge by operating the surge control valve?
X describes members of a family of chemicals with a ring structure of carbon chains. Xylene and toluene are
X. What it X?
If the formation pressure is too low, and water or gas injection cannot maintain pressure or are not suitable, w
method should be used?
State what is the set information about crude oil quality called?
What is the require in job experience and training experience to apply PE cert?
State the continent that does not have a glacier.

State one of the air pollution tragedy that is related to the oil and gas industry in the year 1984.
High pressure drop is probably caused by ring out failure. What action should be taken to the drill bit?
What kind of oil is made up of a variety of components including large, heavy and non-volatile hydrocarbons?
To account for permeability, it must be measured in either one vertical or horizontal or both the vertical and
directions?
Name one type of semisubmersible rigs.
What is the composition of dolomite?

What are composed principally of sediment formed from seawater by organic activity?
What are commonly formed in shallow, warm oceans either by direct precipitation out of seawater or by biolo
extraction of calcium carbonate from seawater to form skeletal material?
What is underground natural or man-made storage chambers in suitable impermeable called?
What is the name of the valve (or valve-like device) with a fixed or variable aperture specifically d
regulate the flow of fluids?
Name the type of drilling where the passage of fluids, primarily drilling mud, down the interior of th
stem and back to the surface via the annulus.
What is the name of the temperature at which paraffin waxes will solidify and give a cloudy appear
oil of which they form part?
Where will oil go after the third stage of separator for final removal of water in production process?
What are the small chips or flakes of rock retrieved from a well by the circulation of the mud.
Name the unit of measurement of rock permeability
What is used to reduce oxygen in the water before injection?
What is the name of the wave that an offshore structure must be able to withstand?
Which mud system is used in drilling young, high-activity clays?
What does the percentage of oil in place within a totally swept reservoir rock volume that is recovered as a r
viscous displacement and gravity drainage processes refer to?
Dolostone is a rock that composed of what?
Name the geological structure resembling an inverted bowl

What is an area of structure where the top of the formation is lower called?
What is the oldest rotary tool that is still used by the drilling industry?
What refers to the decreasing saturation of a wetting phase?
What is the effect of internal friction on the pressure along the pipeline?
Natural gas that occurs in the absence of condensate or liquid hydrocarbons, or gas that had condensable hy
removed is called?
What is defined as producing a single composition of gas that is constant in the reservoir, wellbore, and lease
equipment throughout the life of a field
It is a satellite monitoring system used to control the action of thrusters propellers to maintain a ve
location without deploying anchors.What is it?
It is a clamp used in a drilling rig to latch onto the grip drill pipe, casing etc when lifting them. Wha
equipment called?
What is added to prevent formation of, and break down of the emulsion layer?
A well drilled to permit more effective extraction of oil from a reservoir e.g. an oil or gas producer,
water injector to support production. Sometimes called a development well. What is it?
What is the name of stage which Includes prospecting, seismic and drilling activities that take place before th
development of a field is finally decided.
It build up of mud solids or filtrate on the wall of a well. This helps seal and stabilise the rock face,
much can cause sticking of the drill string. What is it?
It is a pneumatic control line containing temperature sensing elements (fusible plugs, synthetic tub
which, when activated, will initiate a platform shutdown. What is it?
It is an integrated assembly of production flowlines, and hydraulic and/or electrical control lines, co
subsea/satellite well to its parent installation. What is it.
What does OGRC responsible for?
Why migrating gas will displace oil from the traps?
A secondary recovery method by which gas is injected into and passed through the reservoir to ma
pressure and/or entrain heavier hydrocarbons left behind by primary production. The reservoir also
storage for produced gas until the reservoir pressure can be reduced, and the gas sold. What do th
called?
What kind of lift can be controlled for a single well to optimize production, and to reduce slugging effects whe
droplets collect to form large bubbles that can upset production.
Compressors are driven by?
A method that analyse of the hydrocarbon-bearing potential of an area by studying shallow cores a
subsurface water for evidence of seepage or kerogens. What do this method called?
What award will be given for the Student chapter that has done an admirable level of activity?
It is an instrument which measures differences in the specific gravity of liquids, and is used to iden
interfaces between batches of different products in a pipeline. What do this instrument called?
What is the name of offshore structure where the concrete was poured at an onshore location, with enough a
storage cells to keep the structure floating until tow-out and lowering onto the seabed.
It is a platform rig which is defined as a compliant offshore drilling platform used to drill developme
The foundation of the platform is a relatively lightweight jacket upon which all equipment is placed
of guy wires anchored by clump weights helps secure the jacket to the seabed and allows it to mov
wind and wave forces. What is it?
Name the term used for flat-topped seamounts.
X mud is commonly used in gypsum and anhydrite formations?What is X mud?
What is the full name of HAZOP?
What is the device which is defined as a process vessel which typically uses the passage of one flu
a set of internal tubes to heat up or cool down another fluid in which they are immersed.
What is the name of current SPE president?(2015)
In a wet-gas reservoir, temperature is higher or lower than the cricondentherm?
What system is used to provide air to equipment rooms that are safe by positive pressure?
What are cystalline compounds that form in water crystalline structures as a function of compostiio
temperature and pressure?
What is the name of operation in which a specially blended liquid is pumped down a well and into a formation
pressure high enough to cause the formation to crack open, forming passages through which oil can flow into
bore.
What are formed by anaerobic decomposition of organic matter that accumulates from the deposition of plan
ocean basins.
What is the name of device that utilises centrifuging principles to remove oils from water, or as a m
to remove liquids and solids from a gas stream.
What is added to seawater to prevent growth of algae and bacteria?
What can be used to calculate the ideal volume at the depletion pressure and
reservoir temperature of the gas withdrawn from the cell?
What is the term called where mud containing chemicals to prevent loss of water which could dam
surrounding formations, and cause build up of filter-cake in the well.
What is the process used to maintain overall and hydrostatic reservoir pressure and force the oil towards the
wells
What is the most common radioactive tracer material used in the Gulf Coast area?
What is the term of a gauge which is run through casing or tubing before use to check for correct s
freedom from obstruction or distortion.
State the founder of modern geology.
Which journal is the SPE's flagship magazine?
State the term used when water is formed at the time of consolidation of magma.
What is the name of the equipment which can be defined as a heavy steel member, suspended fro
swivel through the rotary table and connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem
rotary table turns.It has a bored passageway that permits fluid to be circulated into the drill stem a
annulus or vice versa.
What is the name of a special device that, when fitted to the master bushing transmits torque to th
simultaneously permits vertical movement of the kelly to make hole. It may be shaped to fit the ro
opening or have pins for transmitting torque.
Name the world's deepest lake.

Name the law stating that in layers of sedimentary rocks or lava flows,the youngest layer is on top,and the o
the bottom.
What is the name of barge used in the construction and placement of underwater pipelines. Joints
welded together and then lowered off the stern of the barge as it moves ahead.
State the full name of LRS.
What is the name of a gas transport product which primarily methane (CH4), is converted to liquid form for e
storage or transport.
Name the instrument used to measure the intensity and direction of a magnetic field especially tha
earth.
What is an assembly of pipes, valves, and fittings by which fluid from one or more sources is select
directed to
various process systems called?
What is a rock derived from pre-existing rocks by mineralogical, chemical and structural alterations
processes within the earth's crust called?
What is injected in flowlines to prevent Hydrate formation and prevent corrosion?
State the term that means any naturally occuring inorganic solid that possesses an orderly crystalline structu
well-defined chemical composition.
Name the process of separating hydrocarbon fractions etc. by passing the feedstock through succe
absorbent substances which offer differing degrees of resistance to its passage.
What is called a substance containing a material with tiny pores to achieve a large surface area, such as acti
carbon.What is it?
Name the hole or well in the hull of a ship (usually in the centre) through which equipment pass to
access to subsea.
What are the multiple boreholes drilled from an existing single bore well called?
What is the basic product that has boiling points between 30 C and 200 C and molecules generally having
numbers 5 to 12.
Name the gas that is originally discovered in a reservoir as distinct from injected gas.
What contain varying amounts of different (primarily alkane) hydrocarbon compounds and one or more inorg
compounds?
What does NPI stand for?

Which region has the highest percentage of SPE professional Members by the end of 2014?
Name the flanged inlet or outlet connection on a pressure vessel.

Name the well undertaken as part of the process of earning a concession.
Who is the person responsible on an offshore platform with statutory responsibilities for safety, etc
those of a ships captain?
What is the first hydrocarbon to be generated, which is following by wet-gas and dry gas?
What is a group of hydrocarbon reservoirs in a common geological setting or a single reservoir, the
actual or planned development called?
What is the inner or production string of casing in a well called?
What does OWC stands for?
X is basic chemicals made from oil or natural gas liquid feedstocks;
commonly used to manufacture plastics and gasoline. Examples are ethylene
and propylene. What is x?
Name the completion that consists of simply running the casing directly down
into the formation, leaving the end of the piping open without any
other protective filter.
Name an instrument which measures the flow of a fluid in a pipeline by monitoring a controlled flow
small aperture.
Gas metering is usually measured in?
Which award is the highest for Student Chapter?
X is a device that seals the tubing-casing annulus and forces produced fluids into the tubing. What is X?
It is the production or inner string of casing. What is it?
What is a measure of the resistance to the flow of a fluid through a rock?

What is the underground rock formation that blocks the movement of petroleum and causes it to accumulate
reservoir that can be exploited?
Collapsible synthetic rubber/fabric storage tanks which can be easily transported and deployed in,
military operations or difficult terrain. What is it?
Name the densest naturally occuring mineral.

What kind of lift is normally used on low pressure gas wells with some condensate, oil or water, or high Gas o
(GOR) wells.
Which drilling fluid system is implemented in areas where formation pressures are relatively low and the risk
circulation or formation damage is relatively high?
Name the insurance that forms protection for oil and gas companies.
What is added before the hydrocyclones and causes oil droplets to merge?
A flatbottomed vessel (barge) for transporting structures etc. to an offshore installation site. OR a
submerged or semi submerged part of a floating drilling rig structure designed to assist floatation c
ballast tanks. What is it?
Traps filled with hydrocarbons are often referred to as what?
According to the paleontologists, name the oldest era of time.
What does the abbreviation PDT stands for?
Name the principle that states that fossil assemblages (groups of fossil found in a given strata) succeed one
regular and determinable order.
What is the method of estimation is called when the known geological, engineering and economic data are u
generate a range of estimates and their associated probabilities?
Name the system that monitors data and control equipment on the plant.
What so this reserves may be classified as if facilities to process and transport those reserves to market are
at the time of the estimate of there is a reasonable expectation that such facilities will be installed?
A drilling rig insulated and equipped to operate with minimum disturbance of sensitive onshore env
such as built-up areas. What is it?
Name the compressor that is used for lower capacity gas compression and high
reservoir pressure gas injection.
The ratio between the volumes of oil and/or gas produced and produceable from a reservoir and th
gas originally in place. What is it?
A ship or barge specially designed to handle pipeline that is wound onto a large reel. To lay the pip
vessel pays out the pipe off the reel at a steady rate onto the seabed. The pipeline is first construc
offshore facility where it is welded, coated, inspected and wound onto the reel. What is the vessel?
What is the full name of abbreviation RVP?

What kind of reservoir that initially contains a single-phase fluid, which changes to two phases (condensate
the reservoir when the reservoir pressure decreases.
Who is the current SPE regional director for Northern Asia Pacific region?
What do you call a dome that is caused by an intrusion of rock salt into overlying sediments?
X are known to inhibit the formation of ice-like hydrates that can accumulate around subsea wellheads and w
equipment, blocking lines and impeding critical operations. What is X?
What is the device used for cleaning the inside of casing in a well?
If liquid droplets enter the compressor, they will erode the fast rotating blades. An instrument is designed to
small fractions of liquid from the gas.What is the instrument called?
Name the porosity developed after the original deposition of a formation, e.g. by the action of wate
soluble components of the rocks, or well stimulation techniques.
Name the type of rock composed of materials that were transported to their present position by wi
Name the cylindrical or spherical vessel used to separate the components in streams of mixed fluid
X is used to remove cuttings from the circulating fluid in rotary drilling operations What is X?
State the term used for a broad,gently sloping volcano built from fluid basaltic lavas.
What are composed of terrigenous material formed by the weathering of pre-existing rock?
What is the result of chemical reaction between the mud system and the formation?
Name the accumulation or pocket of liquid or gas formed in a pipeline as the flowing fluid pressure
At the crude entrance of a separator, a device used that will reduce the effect of large gas bubbles or liquid p
is the name of that device?
What is the name of offshore structure that consists of a single tall floating cylindrical hull, supporting a fixed
What is the unit used for volume of oil measured at normal temperature and atmospheric pressure
State what constitutes paraffin in crude oil?
The purposes for this pipe include solving additional lost circulation or hole caving problems and minimizing
problems from shallow gas zones.Its typical depth range from 600-1,000 feet. What is the stated casing?
What is the name of the pump that are the most common artificial lift system used in land-based operations.
What is the name of process which remove unwanted components such as hydrogen sulfide and carbon diox
gas?
What is the system that keeps track of parameters and constraints, logs the operations taking plac
overall consolidation of operations called?
What is the platform called when a compliant offshore drilling platform is used to drill development
What is used to separate the well flow from one or more wells for analysis and detailed flow measurement.
When the natural gas is intended for domestic use, an additive is added so that the otherwise odorless natur
be detected in the event of a gas leak. What is the addictives?
State what make United States the world's leading geopolitical power?
Name the warmest sea in the world.
What is defined as the zero capillary pressure level,also referred to as the free-water level?
What is the term used to describe gassold direct from oil company to parties other than British Gas
previous monopoly holders?
State what is the main application of Gravity and Magnetics in oil and gas exploration?
Aromatic petrochemicals include benzene, toluene, and xylenes. Among these three, which one is used in ma
explosives?
X is an instrument for converting one form of energry ingo another. What is X?
X is layers of buried rock strata that are arranged so that petroleum accumulates in them? What is
X is an arrangement of pulleys or sheaves, through which drilling line is reeved and which moves u
down the derrick or mast. What is X?
What is used to position the tubing correctly In the well?
What does it call when a non-destructive testing method in which ultrasonic waves are beamed at
and the reflected energy measured?
X is a sleve-like part of the shale shakers for separating rock cuttings and mud returned from a wel
X?
What does the percentage of the total rock or PV that is swept by gas refer to?
The liquid outlets from the separator will be equipped with an intrument to reduce disturbance on the liquid t
What is the name of that intrument?
What is process called when the water is removed from a production flow of oil or gas?
X strengthen the sides of the well hole, ensure that no oil or natural gas seeps out as it is brought to the surf
keep other fluids or gases from seeping into the formation through the well. What is X?
Well maintenance without killing the well and performing full workover is time-saving and often called as?
What is the name of process which major maintenance is performed on an oil or gas well.
What is a type of raw gas with methane content of less than 85%?
What is is defined as producing a single gas composition to the producing well perforations
throughout its life and condensate will form either while flowing to the surface or in lease-separation equipm
Name the valve in the wellhead that can be a gate or ball valve and is normally used so that the tubing press
easily read.
Pressure that is greater than normal is called superpressured while what do the pressure that is lower than n
called?
X is a type of well. It is drilled on a certain location where very little or no proven geological information is av
What is X?
Name the largest geyser.

State for which war in 1973 energy crisis that OPEC refused to ship oil to western countries that have suppor
the war?
Answer
-Conventional watercourses
-Jet watercourses (any one)
Field Gathering System
-Oil-based fluids (OBFs)
-synthetic-based fluids (SBFs)
(any one)
"Bottom-up" analysis
0.8156
Specific gravity of stock tank oil =141.5/
(42+131.5)
12 months
150 USD
1985,
2.486 psi
Pc= [35.8/144][65.2-55.2]
3 times
3 years
40 USD
4070.8 ft
FWL= 4,060+ [(144)(0.75)]/[65.2-55.2]
Type
Technical
Technical
Drilling
Production
Technical
Drilling
Technical
Geopolitics
Technical
Non-Technical
Non-Technical
Non-Technical
Technical
Non-Technical
Non-Technical
Non-Technical
Technical
Technical
5 minutes
Category
Calculation
SPE
SPE
SPE
Calculation
SPE
SPE
SPE
Calculation
Production
7,447,680 bbl
Pore Volume = 7758(640)(10)(0.15)
Technical
Calculation
Abnormal pressure
Technical
Drilling
Adit
Alfred Wegener
Amazon River
AMIE; American individual Mathematics
Examination
Annular Blowout Preventer
Darcy's Law
Technical
Technical
Technical
Non-Technical
Technical
Technical
anti surge control
Technical
Technical
Aromatics
Technical
Artificial lift
Assay
at least 4 years
Technical
Non-Technical
Geology
Geology
Geology
SPE
Drilling
Reservoir
Production &
Facilities
Production
Production
Production
SPE
Australia
Technical
Geology
Geopolitics
Drilling
Bhopal, India
Bit must be pulled out.
Non-Technical
Technical
Black oil
Technical
Both the vertical and horizontal directions
Technical
Bottle-type semisubmersible / Columnstabilised semisubmersible
Technical
Production&Faci
lities
CaMg(CO3)2
Carbonate rocks
Technical
Technical
Reservoir
Reservoir
Carbonate sediments
Non-technical
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Cavern storage
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Choke
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Circulation drilling
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Cloud Point
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Technical
coalescer
Cuttings
Technical
Production
Production &
Facilities
Darcy
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Deaerator
Technical
Design wave
Technical
Dispersed muds
Technical
Displacement efficiency
dolomite
Technical
Technical
Dome
Technical
Down Dip
Technical
Drag bit
Technical
Drainage
drop
Technical
Technical
dry gas
Technical
Dry-gas reservoir
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Production &
Facilities
Drilling
Reservoir
Reservoir
Production &
Facilities
Production &
Facilities
Drilling
Reservoir
Production
Reservoir
Dynamic positioning
Elevators
Technical
Technical
Reservoir
Production
Production
Emulsion breaker
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Production
Exploitation well
Technical
Technical
Exploration
Filter cake/ Filtrates
Technical
Fire loop
Technical
Flowline Bundle
Technical
For programs dealing with oil and gas reserves

and resources matter.
Non-Technical
gas has a lower density
Technical
Production
Production
Production
Production
SPE
Reservoir
Production
Gas injection
Technical
Technical
gas lift
gas turbines or electrical motors or steam

turbines
Technical
Geochemical Survey
Gold standard Designation.
Technical
Non-Technical
Production
Production &
Facilities
Production
SPE
Production
Gravitometer
Technical
Technical
Gravity based
Guyed-tower platform rig

Guyots
Gypsum (calcium sulfate)
Technical
Technical
Technical
Hazard and operability analysis
Technical
Heat exchanger
Technical
Helge Hove Haldorsen
Production
Platform Rig
Geology
Drilling
SPE
Reservoir
Higher
Non-Technical
Technical
HVAC (Heat, ventilation and air

conditioning sytem)
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Hydrates
Technical
Drilling &
Completions
Technical
hydraulic fracturing
Production
Reservoir
Hydrocarbons
Non-technical
Hydrocyclone
Technical
Hypochlorite
Technical
Ideal-gas law
Non-technical
Inhibited mud
Technical
Technical
Injection
Iodine 131
Technical
Jack Rabbit
Technical
James Hutton
Journal of Petroleum Technology.
Technical
Juvenile water
Non-Technical
Technical
Kelly
Technical
Kelly bushing
Technical
Lake Baikal
Technical
Law of Superposition
Technical
lay barge
Technical
Lloyds Register of Shipping
Technical
Technical
LNG
Magnetometer
Technical
Manifold
Technical
Metamorphic rock
Technical
Methanol or Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG)
Technical
Mineral
Technical
Drilling &
Completions
Reservoir
Differential
Pressure
Production
Drilling
Geology
SPE
Geology
Geology
Geology
Production &
Facilities
Production
Geology
Production &
Facilities
Geology
Drilling &
Completions
Geology
Molecular Sieve
Technical
Technical
molecular sieves
Production &
Facilities
Production
Moonpool
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Multilateral
Technical
Drilling &
Completions
Technical
Naphtha
Native gas
Technical
Natural petroleum gases
Technical
Net profit interest
Technical
Production
Production &
Facilities
Reservoir
Nozzle
Technical
Obligation Well
Technical
General
Engineering
SPE
Production &
Facilities
Production &
Facilities
Offshore Installation Manager (O.I.M.)
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Oil
Non-technical
Oil Field
Technical
Oil String
Oil-water contact
Technical
Technical
North America
Non-Technical
Reservoir
Production &
Facilities
Production &
Facilities
Production
Technical
Olefins
Production
Technical
Open holes completion
Production
Drilling &
Completions
Orifice Meter
Technical
orifice meters or ultrasonic meters
Technical
Outstanding Student Chapter Award

Packers
Non-Technical
Technical
Production &
Facilities
SPE
Drilling
Pay string
Technical
Production
permeability
Technical
Petroleum trap
Technical
Pillow Tanks
Technical
Platinum
plunger lift
Technical
Technical
Reservoir
Reservoir
Production
Geology
Production
Pneumatic systems
Technical
Drilling
Political Risk Insurance (PRI)
Technical
Geopolitics
Drilling &
Completions
Polyelectrolyte
Pontoon/Collumns
Technical
Technical
pools.
Non-technical
Technical
Geology
Technical
Production
Precambrian
Pressure Differential Transducer

Principle of Fossil Succession
Technical
Probabilistic
Technical
process control system
Technical
proved
Technical
Quiet Rig
Technical
Production
Reservoir
Geology
Reservoir
Production &
Facilities
Reservoir
Production
Production &
Facilities
Reciprocating Compressor
Recovery Factor
Technical
Technical
Reel Vessel
Technical
Production
Production
Residual Vapour Pressure/Reid Vapour

Pressure
Technical
Other
Retrograde-condensate gas reservoir

Ron Morris
Technical
Non-Technical
Salt dome
Technical
Geology
Saltwater drilling fluids
Technical
Drilling
Scraper
Technical
Production&Faci
lities
scrubber
Technical
Reservoir
SPE
Production
Secondary Porosity
Technical
Other
Sedimentary Rock
Technical
Geology
Separator
Technical
Production&Faci
lities
Technical
Production&Faci
lities
Shale shaker/ shaker

Shield volcano
Siliciclastic rocks
Sloughing shales
Technical
Technical
Technical
Geology
Reservoir
Drilling
Slug
Slug catcher
SPAR
Technical
Technical
Technical
Other
Production
Production
Stock tank barrels/ Stb
Technical
Other
Straight chain single bond hydrocarbon
Non-Technical
Production
Structural casing
Technical
Drilling
Sucker Rod Pump

Sweetening
tankfarm management system

tension-leg platform
Test separator
tetrahydrothiophene (THT)
The age of Natural Gas
The Persian Gulf
The reservoir base
Technical
Technical
Production
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Technical
Technical
Non-Technical
Technical
Technical
Third party gas
Technical
To detect metal and mineral deposits
Technical
Toluene
Production
Technical
Production
Production
Geopolitics
Geology
Reservoir
Production &
Facilities
Production
Transducer
Technical
Trap
Technical
Production
Production &
Facilities
Reservoir &
Formation
Evaluation
travelling block
Technical
Production &
Facilities
tubing hanger/donut
Technical
Production
Ultrasonic testing
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Vibrating screen
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Volumetric sweep efficiency
Technical
Reservoir
vortex breaker
Water separation
Well casing
well intervention.
Technical
Technical
Technical
Technical
Production
Reservoir &
Formation
Evaluation
Production
Production
well workover
wet gas
Technical
Technical
Production
Production
Reservoir
Wet-gas reservoir
Wing valve
X: Subnormal
Technical
Technical
Production
Technical
Drilling
Technical
Drilling
X: Wildcat
Yellowstone's Steamboat Geyser

Yom Kippur War
Technical
Non-Technical
Geology
Geopolitics
Difficulty
Source
Medium
Drilling Engineering-Neal Adams
low
Oil and Gas Production handbook pg 67
Medium
Medium
Navigating Geopolitics in Oil and Gas
Low
Ahmed, T. (2009). Working guide to reservoir rock properties and fluid flow.
Oxford: Gulf Professional. P34
Medium
spe.org
Medium
spe.org
Medium
spe.org
Ahmed, T. (2009). Working guide to reservoir rock properties

and fluid flow. Oxford: Gulf Professional. P59
Low
Medium
spe.org
Medium
spe.org
Medium
spe.org
Low

low
Low

Low
medium
medium
medium
http://blog.oureducation.in/upsc-examination-sample-questions-on-geology/
http://www.scientus.org/Wegener-Continental-Drift.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazon_River
Medium
spe.org
Low
Low
https://fracfocus.org/groundwater-protection/fluid-flow-subsurfacedarcys-law
Tough
Oil and Gas Production Handbook

Bahadori, A., & Nwaoha, C. (2014). Dictionary of oil, gas, and
petrochemical processing. Pg 298
low
low
Low

Medium
spe.org
medium
Low
Medium
Essentials Of Geology p.258
Low
https://cdn.ihs.com/fekete/help/Harmony_2015v1/Content/HTML_Files/Reference_Material/Ge
https://fracfocus.org/groundwater-protection/fluid-flow-subsurfacedarcys-law
Medium
Tough
Tough
Dictionary Of Oil Industry Terminology
Low
Petroleum Engineering Handbook p16

Medium
Dictionary of Oil Industry Terminology
Low
Low
Low
Low
low
Low
Low
Tough
Oil and gas production handbook pg73

Low
Medium
Low
Low

Low
Low
Low
Low
low
http://petrowiki.org/Capillary_pressure
Low
https://cdn.ihs.com/fekete/help/Harmony_2015v1/Content/HTML_Files
/Reference_Material/General_Concepts/Reservoir_Fluid_Types.htm
Low

Medium
Low
Dictionary of oil industry terminology. Pg 20
Tough
Medium
low
Medium
Medium
Dictionary of Oil industry terminology. Pg 25
Medium
Dictionary of Oil industry terminology. Pg 26
Medium
spe.org
Medium
Medium
Dictionary of Oil industry terminology.Pg 26
low

Tough
Medium
Medium

Dictionary of Oil Industry terminology.Pg 29.
spe.org
Medium
Dictionary of Oil Industry terminology.Pg 30.
low
low
medium
Low
Dictionary of oil Industry terminology

low
low
Tough
spe.org
Low

Tough
Tough

low
Low
low
Tough
Low

low
low
Medium
low

medium
Medium
Essentials of Geology p.5
medium
spe.org
low
low
medium
medium
low
Planet Earth p.25

Low
low
Low
Low
Low

Tough
low

Low
low
Medium
Low
low
Low
Low
Low

Tough
spe.org
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low

low
Bahadori, A., & Nwaoha, C. (2014). Dictionary of oil, gas, and

petrochemical processing. Pg 298
low
Low

Tough
Medium
Low
Low

spe.org

Low
Low
http://www.geomore.com/porosity-and-permeability-2/
http://global.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/454454/petroleum-trap
Tough
medium
low
Low
Medium
Navigating Geopolitics in Oil and Gas
Tough

Tough
Low
low

http://www.proprofs.com/quiz-school/topic/geology
Tough
low
http://www.thisoldearth.net/Geology_Online-1_Subchapters.cfm?Chapter=6&Row=3
Low

Tough
Low

Tough
Tough
Tough

Tough
Low

Tough
Tough

spe.org
Low
Low
Medium
low
Low
Low
Low
Low
medium
Low
Medium

Low
low
low
Low
Low
Low
low
low

Tough
Tough

low
medium
Medium
medium
Medium

http://www.forbes.com/sites/stratfor/2014/04/04/the-geopolitics-of-energy/
Planet Earth p.41
Tough
Medium
low

Tough
Tough
Tough
low

Tough
Tough

Low
low

Medium
low
low

low
low

Low
low
Medium
Medium
medium
Low
ons-on-geology/
Comments
ons-on-geology/
ons-on-geology/
cfm?Chapter=6&Row=3
tics-of-energy/
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Question
[10 Points] List 4 main categories of SPE journals that publish on spe official website.
[10 Points] There are the three main groups that gas reservoirs have been divided into?List out two of it.
[10 Points] Name the five main types of reservoir fluids.

[10 Points] Name two major parts of the Earth.
[10 Points] State three(3) basic layers of atmosphere.
[10 Points] Name three(3) properties of calcite, CaCO3.

[10 Points] State an example each for igneous rock and sedimentary rock.
[10 Points] Name the three types of weathering.

[Diagram 1][10 points] State the drainage pattern in the figure below .
[10 Points] State the three (3) main types of wave-motion generated by an earthquake.
[10 Points] Name 3 major rocks.

[10 Points] state 2 purposes of OPEC.
[10 Points] state what are the 3 basic steps in refining?
[10 Points] name 3 parts of refining.
[10 Points] During EOR processes, one/two variables of Darcy Equation is manipulated. Name 2 of those varia
[10 Points] state 2 examples of unconvetional resources.
[10 Points] Please state three types of wells where natural gas comes from
[10 Points] Gas wells typically produce only raw natural gas. Once it os separated from crude oil (if present),
exists in mixtures with other hydrocarbons. Please name 4 of them.
[10 Points]Name three factor that affect the types of casing used?
[Diagram 2][10 points] Diagram showed a completed well with several casings and equipment. What is A and
[10 Points] Knowledge transfer remains at the core of SPEs purpose. List 2 print and digital magazine publish
and can be found in SPE official website.
[10 Points] There are several online resources can be found in SPE international website. List 2 of them.
[10 Points], name the 5 countries that signed agreement on September 1960 for The Organization of the Pet
Exporting Countries (OPEC) that was found in Baghdad, Iraq.
[10 Points] List 2 functions of cementing.
[10 Points] Name 2 member countries of Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC).
[10 Points] Name 2 main types of conventional wells.
[10 Points] The basic concern for most engineers is the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties. Name
petrophysical properties
[10 Points]In general, what are the two types of reservoir limits?
[10 Points] What are the two membership awards from SPE. Name them.
[10 Points] Please list out 3 names of SPE fellowship programs.
[Diagram 3][10 points] Diagram showed a Christmas Tree. What is A and B?
[10 Points] Which committees reports the board committee about the training programs and meetings?
[10 Points] Who is included in OGRC? Name them.
[10 Points] What are the traps composed of?List out two of it.
[10 Points] Name two most unpredictable diagenetic processes?
[10 Points] There are three types of trap. Name two of it.
[10 Points] There are four typical seals.Name two of it.
[10 Points] Name three sedimentary rock types that most frequently encountered in oil fields.
[10 Points] Name three types of porosity logs.

[10 Points] As a drilling engineer, he/she is required to plan a variety of well types. Name 4 four well types.
[10 Points] There are several methods of pressure prediction that are available to an engineer. Name three m
pressure prediction.
[Diagram 4][10 points] Diagram showed a rock cycle. Name the label of A and B.
[10 Points] In a drilling environment, several casing are required in order to reach the total desired depth. Na
basic casing strings.
[10 Points] Name the 5 main processes involved in a rock cycle.
[10 Points] State four(4) types of igneous textures.
[10 Points] State the two types of natural earthquakes.
[10 Points] Name the two most common geological fold.

[10 Points] In the early 2000's, leading international firms from a few countries had agreements to develop Ir
gas fields. Name 4 of the countries for 5 points each.
[10 Points] Natural gas sweetening methods consist a number of methods. Name any one of them.
[10 Points] Analyzer instruments provides many types of data. Name any two of them.
[10 Points] State two components involved in process control system.
[10 Points] When 3D seismic has been completed, it is time to drill the well. List 2 main component of the dri
[Diagram 5][10 points] Diagram showed a perforation. Name the label of A and B.
T[10 Points] The mud enters though the drill pipe, through the cone and rises in the uncompleted well. List 2
function of the drilling mud.
[10 Points] There are several types of well casing. List 2 of them.
Well completion commonly refers to the process of finishing a well so that it is ready to produce oil or natura
types of completion.
The wellhead consists of the pieces of equipment mounted at the opening of the well to regulate and monito
extraction of hydrocarbons from the underground formation. List 3 component of wellhead.
[10 Points] List 2 typical field tests for water based fluid.
[10 Points] List out 2 basic grain types?

[10 Points] What are the types of salts that can be removed using a electrostatic desalter?
[10 Points] There are many SPE primary disciplines. Please name three of it.
[10 Points] There are the four types of anhydrite commonly found in dolostone reservoir. List out two of it.
[10 Points] In drilling several casing are used. Name four functions of casing.
[Diagram 6][10 points] Diagram showed a separator. Name the label of A and B.
[10 Points] The American Petroleum Inst. (API) has formed standards for oil/gas casing that are accepted in m
countries by oil and service companies. Casing is classified according to five properties: Name three of them
[10 Points] State the three stages involved in Davis's cycles of erosion.
[10 Points] state 4 countries that joined North Athlantic Treaty Organization(NATO) in 2004.
[10 Points] Rogue state is a controversional term applied by some international theorists to state they consid
threatening to the world's peace. state which countries that are currently considered as "Rogue States" by th
[10 Points] What does HVAC (heat, ventilation and air conditioning system) subsytems includes?
[10 Points] What do the flare subsystem include?
[10 Points] Completing a well consists of a number of steps. State 2 of these
[10 Points] State 2 components of a typical Christmas tree
[10 Points] Well workover is the process of performing major maintenance on an oil or gas well. Name 2 proc
in Well workover.
[10 Points] What are are carried in suspension by the fluid into the fractures in Hydraulic fracturing process?
[Diagram 7][10 points] When designing the process, it is important to plan the thermal energy balance. The
showed SEC Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger. Name the label of A and B.
[10 Points] Give 2 substances that are included in Unconventional sources of oil and gas.
[10 Points] A typical Christmas tree composed of several devices.List 2 of them.
[10 Points] List 2 possible causes for difficulty of diamond bit to get to bottom.
Answer
Type
Category
SPE drilling and competition,

Economic and management,
Journal ,
Production and Operational
General Knowledge
SPE
Dry gas,
wet gas and
retrograde-condensate gas
Reservoir
Technical
Black oil,
volatile oil,
condensate(retrograde gas),
wet gas and dry gas
crust,
mantle,
core
Technical
any (3) :
troposphere,
stratosphere,
mesosphere,
ionosphere,
magnetosphere and
exosphere
Igneous Rock
Technical
Intrusive: diorite, gabbro, granite and

pegmatite
i.usually whitish
Extrusive:
andesite,
basalt, obsidian,
ii. powdered
form effervesces
weakly pumice,
in dilute
rhyolite
and
scoria
HC
Sedimentary
Rock of cleavage ( not at 90)
iii.three directions
breccia, conglomerate, sandstone and shale,
Limestone
i.physical
ii.chemical
iii.biological
Dendritic
i. primary/'P' waves
ii.secondary/'S' waves
iii.'L' waves
Igneous,
sedimentary, and
metamorphic
Controls the production of oil,
controls the price of oil
Seperation,
Conversion,
Treatment
Reforming,
cracking,
hydrotreating
Cross sectional area to flow,
viscosity
Shale gas,
oil sands,
coalbed methane(CBM)
oil wells,
gas wells, and
condensate wells
Reservoir
Technical
Geology
Geology
Technical
Geology
Technical
Geology
Technical
Geology
Technical
Geology
Technical
Geology
Non-technical
Geopolitics
Technical
Production
Technical
Production
Technical
Production
Technical
Production
Technical
Production
ethane,
propane,
butane, and
pentanes.
subsurface characteristics of the well,
the pressure and temperature experienced
Technical
Production
Technical
Production
A: Tubing
B: Packer
Journal of Petroleum Technology (JPT)
Oil and Gas Facilities
The Way Ahead
HSE Now
OnePetro
Petro Wiki
Energy 4 Me
SPE Connect
(1)protecting the casing from corrosion
Islamic Republic of Iran,
(2) preventing blowouts by quickly forming a
Iraq,
seal
Kuwait,
(3)protecting the casing from shock loads in
Saudi Arabia,
deeper drilling
Venezuela
(4)sealing off zones of lost circulation or thief
zones
SPE
Non-Technical
SPE
Non-Technical
Non-Technical
Geopolitics
Technical
Cementing
Algeria,
Angola,
Ecuador,
Iran,
Iraq,
Kuwait,
Libya,
nigeria,
Qatar,
Saudi Arabia,
United Arab Emirates,
Venezuela
Non-technical
Oil well with associated gas,

natural gas well,
condensate well
Technical
Reservoir and
Wellheads
Porosity, Permeability,
Water saturation,
Relative permeability
External and internal
Honorary / Distinguished
Technical
Technical
General Knowledge
Reservoir
geology
Reservoir
SPE
General Knowledge
SPE
General Knowledge
SPE
Nico van Wingen Memorial Graduate

Fellowship,
SPE Star Scholarship and Fellowship,
Henry DeWitt Smith Fellowship
A: Master Valve
B: Choke Valve
ATCE Program Committee,
Forum Series Coordinating Committee,
Global Training Committee
SPE members who are degreed engineers and

geoscientists with at least 10 years experience General Knowledge
in reserves and resources estimation.
SPE
Top,
lateral and
bottom seal
Reservoir
Technical
Massive dissolution,
collapse brecciation and
fracturing, and
late dolomitization
Technical
structural,
stratigraphic and
diagenetic
Technical
Reservoir
Reservoir
Top,
bottom,
lateral and
fault
Technical
shales,
sandstones and
carbonates
Technical
Sonic log,
density log and
neutron
log
-wildcats
- exploratory holes
- step-outs
- infills
- re-entry
-areal analysis from seismic data
-offset well correlation
Log analysis
Drilling parameter evaluation
Production or test data
-real-time evaluation
Qualitative
Quantitative
Reservoir
Reservoir
Reservoir
Technical
Technical
Drilling
Technical
Drilling
Technical
Drilling
A: sediment
B:metharmorphic Rock
-Drive/structural
-conductor
-surface
-intermediate
-liners
-production
-tubing (flow string)
i.crystallization
(any
five)
ii.weathering
iii.lithification
iv.metamorphism
v.melting
any (4 ) : i.aphanitic(fine grained)
ii.phaneritic(coarse-grained)
iii.porphyritic
iv.glassy
v.pyroclastic(fragmental)
vi.pegmstitic
Technical
Geology
Technical
Geology
i.shallow-focus
ii.intermediate-focus
iii.deep-focus
i.anticline ii.synclines
China, France, India, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Russia, Spain, UK
absorption processes,
cryogenic processes,
adsorption processes
density,
viscosity,
water content,
pressure,
temperature compensation
controller,
servers,
operation stations,
fieldbus,
remote system,
control or safety,
field I/O,
electrical control
Derrick,
Floor,
Drawworks,
Drive and
Mud Handling
Technical
Geology
Technical
Technical
Technical
Geology
Geopolitics
Production &
Facilities
Production &
Facilities
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Technical
Production
Technical
A:Cement
B:Collar Locator
Bring rock shales (fragments of rock) up to

the surface
Clean and Cool the cone
Lubricate the drill pipe string and Cone
Fibrous particles attach to the well surface to
bind solids
Mud weight should balance the downhole
pressure to avoid leakage of gas
and oil. Often, the well will drill though smaller
pockets of hydrocarbons
which may cause a blow out if the mud
weight cannot balance the
pressure. The same might happen when drilling
into the main reservoir.
Technical
Conductor casing
Surface casing
Intermediate casing
Production casing
Open hole completions
Conventional perforated completions
Sand exclusion completions
Permanent completions
Multiple zone completion
Drainhole completions
Drilling
Production
Technical
Production
Technical
the casing head,

the tubing head, and
the 'Christmas tree'
Technical
Drilling fluid density,

viscosity,
rheology,
gel strength,
filtration,
retort analysis,
sand content,
methylene blue capacity,
pH,
chemical analysis
Technical
Quartz,
feldspar and
rock fragments
Technical
Production
Drilling
Reservoir
Sodium,
Calcium,
Magnesium chlorides
Technical
Production
Drilling and Completions,

Health, Safety, Security,
Environment and Social Responsibility,
Management and Information,
Production and Operations,
Projects,
Facilities and Construction,
Reservoir Description and Dynamics.
General Knowledge
SPE
Pore-filling anhydrite, Poikilotopic

anhydrite, Nodules of anhydrite and Bedded
anhydrite
-Maintain borehole stability
-Prevent contamination of water sands
-Isolate water from producing formations
-Control well pressures during drilling,
production, and workover operation
Reservoir
Technical
Technical
Drilling
Technical
Drilling
A: Water outlet
B: Oil Outlet
-The manner of manufacture
-Steel grade
-Type of joints
-Length range
-The wall thickness (unit weight)
(Any three)
i. vigorous (youth) ii.steady (maturity)
iii.sluggish (old-age)
Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania,
Slovakia, Slovenia
Iran, North Korea, Syria, Sudan

Cooling medium, refrigation system, freezing
system, heat medium system and hot oil
system
Technical
Geology
Non-technical
Geopolitics
Technical
Geopolitics
Technical
Production &
Facilities
Flare, atmospheric ventilation and blow down
Technical
Production &
Facilities
installing the well casing,

completing the well, installingthe wellhead,
and
installing lifting equipment or treating the
formation
Technical
Production
a master gate valve, a pressure gauge, a wing

Technical
valve, a swab valve and a choke
Production
replacement of the tubing, cleanup or new

completions, new perforation and various other
Technical
maintenance works such as installation of gas
lift mandrels, new packing
Production
Sand grains, aluminum pellets, walnut shells,

glass beads, or similar materials (propping
agents)
A: Gaskets
B: Baffles
Technical
Production
include very heavy crudes, oil sands, oil shale,

gas and synthetic crude from coal, coal bed
Technical
methane and biofuels.
Production
Casing Head and casing Hanger

The tubing hanger (also called donut)
Master gate valve
The pressure gauge
The wing valve
The swab valve
The variable flow choke valve
Production
Technical
(1)Bit gauge too long (2)Previous bit

undergauged (3)BHA stiffer than previously
(4)Stabilizer location change (5)Out of
drift/collapsed casing
Technical
Drilling
Difficulty
Source
Low
spe.org
Low
Low
https://cdn.ihs.com/fekete/help/Harmony_2015v1/Content/HTML_Files
/Reference_Material/General_Concepts/Reservoir_Fluid_Types.htm
low
A Text Book Of Geology p.7
low
low
Teach yourself geology p.232
low
low
Medium
low
http://www.learner.org/interactives/rockcycle/types.html
Low
Low
Low
Low
Low
http://www.intelligenthq.com/latest-news/top-10-challenges-in-oil-and-gas-industry-in-2012/
low
low
Medium
Low
www.spe.org
Low
www.spe.org
Low
http://www.iags.org/geopolitics.html
Low
Petroleum Engineering Handbook vol.2 p370
Low
http://www.opec.org/opec_web/en/about_us/25.htm
Low
Oil and Gas Production Handbook p.18
Low
Low
Medium
http://petrowiki.org/Reservoir_geology
spe.org
Medium
spe.org
Medium
spe.org
Medium
spe.org
Medium
Medium
Medium
http://www.st-andrews.ac.uk/~crb/web/Hydrocarbon%20formation
Medium
http://petrowiki.org/Reservoir_geology
Medium
http://infohost.nmt.edu/~petro/faculty/Adam%20H.%20571/PETR
%20571-Week3notes.pdf
Medium
http://www.uio.no/studier/emner/matnat/geofag/GEO4250/v08/underv
isningsmateriale/Lectures/BWLA%20-%20Porosity%20Logs.pdf
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
A Text Book OfGeology p.27
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium

Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Petroleum Engineering Handbook vol.2 p97

Medium
Medium
Oil and Gas Production Handbook pg 46
Tough
spe.org
Tough
Tough
Tough
Tough
Tough
Planet Earth p.9

Tough
Tough
Oil and gas production handbook pg 72
Tough
Tough
OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION HANDBOOK
Tough
Tough
Tough
Tough
Tough

Tough
Drilling Engineering-Neal Adams p.235
Comments
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#

State the continent that does not have a glacier.

Name one type of semisubmersible rigs.

What is the composition of dolomite?

What is underground natural or man-made storage chambers in suitable impermeable called?

Name the geological structure resembling an inverted bowl

Compressors are driven by?

What is the full name of HAZOP?

Name the world's deepest lake.

What does NPI stand for?

Name the flanged inlet or outlet connection on a pressure vessel.

It is the production or inner string of casing. What is it?

What is a measure of the resistance to the flow of a fluid through a rock?

Name the densest naturally occuring mineral.

What does the abbreviation PDT stands for?

What is the full name of abbreviation RVP?

X is an instrument for converting one form of energry ingo another. What is X?

Name the largest geyser.

anti surge control

Both the vertical and horizontal directions

Bottle-type semisubmersible / Columnstabilised semisubmersible

Filter cake/ Filtrates

For programs dealing with oil and gas reserves

gas turbines or electrical motors or steam

Guyed-tower platform rig

Hazard and operability analysis

Helge Hove Haldorsen

HVAC (Heat, ventilation and air

Lloyds Register of Shipping

Methanol or Mono Ethylene Glycol (MEG)

Natural petroleum gases

Net profit interest

Offshore Installation Manager (O.I.M.)

Open holes completion

orifice meters or ultrasonic meters

Outstanding Student Chapter Award

Political Risk Insurance (PRI)

Pressure Differential Transducer

process control system

Residual Vapour Pressure/Reid Vapour

Retrograde-condensate gas reservoir

Saltwater drilling fluids

Shale shaker/ shaker

Stock tank barrels/ Stb

Straight chain single bond hydrocarbon

Sucker Rod Pump

tankfarm management system

Third party gas

To detect metal and mineral deposits

Volumetric sweep efficiency

Yellowstone's Steamboat Geyser

Drilling Engineering-Neal Adams

Oil and Gas Production handbook pg 67

Drilling Engineering-Neal Adams

Navigating Geopolitics in Oil and Gas

Ahmed, T. (2009). Working guide to reservoir rock properties

Ahmed, T. (2009). Working guide to reservoir rock properties

Oil and Gas Production handbook pg 52

Ahmed, T. (2009). Working guide to reservoir rock properties

Drilling Engineering-Neal Adams

Drilling Engineering-Neal Adams

Oil and Gas Production Handbook

Oil and Gas Production handbook pg 43

Essentials Of Geology p.258