Proposed Cauayan City Sports and Commercial Complex

Preliminary Thesis Proposal

CHAPTER 1

Arch. Rey Evangelista

Arch. Arianne Joy Dullas
Thesis Adviser

John Micheal Agustin

AR503
August 16, 2016
BACKGROUND/ OVERVIEW: Description of the situation, history, current
condition, current trends.

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0

Background or overview of the project aims to project the history and the
current condition of Cauayan City. It also contains the records of CAVRAA (Cagayan
Valley Regional Athletic Association meet celebrated on the other cities within
Region 2 (Isabela). It will also tackle the current trends on designing Sports Complex.
These will also introduce what is the description of the proposed Cauayan City Sports
and Commercial Complex.
Sports in the Philippines is an important part of the countrys culture. There
are six major sports in the Philippines. These are basketball, boxing, volleyball,
football, tennis and billiard.
Palarong Pambansa (Filipino for National Games) is an annual multi- sport
event involving student- athletes from 18 regions of the Philippines. It was organized
and governed by the Department of Education (DEPED) which started in 1948.
Student athletes from public and private schools at elementary and secondary
levels can compete provided that they will qualified by winning at their regional meet.
For young Filipino student athletes, Palarong Pambansa is the culmination of school
sports competition, which starts with local intramurals, followed by congressional
district, provincial and regional athletic meets.
Filipinos prove their strength of spirit in sports as they harvest medals in
different events. In the international level, Filipinos stamp their marks as they prove
to the best of the best. The birth of Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) in the 1987
constitution affirms the importance of sport in fostering self- discipline, teamwork and
excellence in the development of a healthy and functioning citizenry. The Palarong
Pambansa provides the venue for professional athletes from all over the country to
meet in annual competition.
Filipinos prove their mettle in sports as they harvest medals in different events.
In the international level, Filipinos stamp their marks as they prove to be the best
among the best.
The birth of the Philippine Sports Commission in the 1987 Constitution affirms the
importance of sports in fostering self-discipline, teamwork and excellence in the
development of a healthy and functioning citizenry. The Palarong Pambansa

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
provides the venue for professional athletes from all over the country to meet in
annual competition.
Private sponsors put up sports clinics to encourage the youth to engage in healthy
recreation. Almost all barangays have several multi-purpose gyms which are ideal
venues for basketball, volleyball and badminton tournaments. Some public parks
are also sites for exercise programs that include aerobics and dance exercises,
among others.

The objectives of the Palaro are:

to promote Physical Education and sports as an integral part of the Basic

Education curriculum for holistic development of the youth;

inculcate the spirit of discipline, teamwork, excellence, fair play, solidarity,

sportsmanship, and other values inherent in sports;

promote and achieve peace by means of sports;

widen the base for talent identification, selection, recruitment, training and
exposure of elementary pupils and secondary students to serve as a feeder to the
National Sports Association (NSA) for international competitions; and

provide a database for a valid and universal basis to further improve the school
sports development programs.

The legal basis of the Palarong Pambansa is stipulated in the provision of the 1987
Philippine Constitution Article XIV, Section 19.

Cauayan is a city in Isabela situated in the center of this big and naturally rich
province (Region 2). The town got its name from the word Cauayan meaning
bamboo in the dialect of Gaddang, the early settlers of the place. Cauayan is aimed to
preserve the rich Cultural Heritage of the city.

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
Cauayan City does not have enough space to celebrate fiesta because fiesta
where done on streets and the bad thing is it creates traffic on day because of street
bazaar. Cauayan City has many festivals to celebrate every year such as:
Gawagaway-yan Festival (March 30- April 13), Mushroom Center & Isabela Green
Valley Orchidarium (year round) and Cortez & Lindo Fruit (April-May).
One of the main leisure form of Cauayan City is Athletics. Citizens of
Cauayan City (Cauayeno) has devoted themselves to recreation. Twice a year there
will be a competition between districts and barangays that competition is called Liga
ng mga Barangay and Inter District. These leisure activities are mainly basketball
and volleyball held usually on Francisco L. DY coliseum (FLDY).
The proposed project is titled Cauayan City Sports and Commercial Complex
to be located at Barangay Tagaran, Cauayan City, Isabela. The project is a Sport
Facility that envisioned to serve the CAVRAA and moreover be a multi-purpose area
that can accommodate different kinds of venues for larger activities.

Cagayan Valley Regional Athletic Association (CAVRAA) meet is very

significance to the cauayeno. Every year, cauayeno is participating on CAVRAA
which usually held on Tugegarao City and Nueva Viscaya. This 2016 CAVRAA meet
is held on Ilagan City, Isabela that last for 6 days. The northernmost mainland
province of Cagayan ruled this year dislodge last years champion Nueva Viscaya.
Cagayan is the overall champion in the CAVRAA meet held February 24-29, garnered
93-gold, 86-silver and 83 bronze medals, second is the Nueva Viscaya (78-65-79) and
third is Isabela (67-76-69) and fourth is Ilagan City (40-47-55).
The number of participants on most of the events in this years CAVRAA meet
is more than 4,500 athletes and delegates from public elementary and secondary
schools all over the region are held at Ilagan City Sports Complex. And now DEPED
has announced that Cauayan City will host the CAVRAA 2018 according to (Engr.
Edward Lorenzo).
CAVRAA meet held on Cauayan National High School (CNHS) at Cauyaan
City, Isabela last 2010 when I was still on my high school days. CNHS, among the
3

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
other school is the only one that can accommodate the competition because of its
large open space. But last 2014, k-12 has introduced to public schools and this 2016
CNHS constructed a senior high school building which covered the large open space
which has a bigger role on celebrating CAVRAA sports. That large space is used as
multi-purposed space for track and field, soccer field, discuss throw, javelin throw and
archery. Other sports are held on other venue that caters specific sports.

Cauayan City is a 3rd class Municipality. Cauayan is rich on culture

The proposed project is titled Cauayan City Sports and Commercial Complex

to be located at Barangay Tagaran, Cauayan City, Isabela.

The project, as a Sport Facility that envisioned to serve the CAVRAA and
moreover be a multi-purpose area that can accommodate different kinds of

venues for larger activities.

After the event of CAVRAA/ Competition (Cagayan Valley Regional Athletic
Association) moreover the buildings and facilities will be a commercial

rentable space to make

The project will be a training facility for the athletes of the nearby schools
such as Isabela States University, Cauayan City National High School and

other schools from different city.

The project can also be a venue for Festivals such as GawaGaway-yan
Festival, BamBanti Festival and Mushroom Festival since Cauayan is aimed to

preserve the rich Cultural Heritage of the city.

The stadium can also be rented to be a concert hall by band exhibition and

other variety show performed by local and manila based- talents as well.
Every Sports facility are to be designed to have enclosed fence to be open and

rented by the public every day for a fee after the Athletic competition.
The project will contain commercial rentable spaces for concessionaires.
The proponent of this project is the Local Government Unit of Cauayan City
and being entrusted to Engineer Edward Lorenzo, Chief Engineer of Cauayan
City, Isabela.

List of spaces:
BUILDINGS:

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
Stadium/ bleachers seating for
HOME
Stadium/ bleacher seating for

Commercial

building/

Concession space
Clubhouse
Hotel/ sleeping areas
Security house/ Guard house
Souvenir shops

Visitors
Indoor Gymnasium
Mens and womens restroom
Equipment storage

OUTDOOR FACILITIES: Featured competitions spearheaded by DEPED

Basketball
Volleyball
Football
Baseball badminton
Soft ball
Lawn Tennis
Sepak Takraw
Track and field
Boxing
Swimming
Archery
Gymnast
Cycling

INDOOR FACILITIES:
Chess
Table Tennis
Badminton

OTHER SPACES:

Parking spaces
Bus/ jeepneys/ trycicle terminal
Fountains
Landscape and promenaded areas

PROJECT OBJECTIVES:
The project is being proposed by the proponent because of the following
existing condition/ reasons:

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
To provide a better, bigger and complete venue for sports and training
facilities for the future athletes of Cauayan City.
It could be a training facility for DECS (Department of Education Culture and
Sports).
The project will accommodate and serve and host the CAVRAA meet 2018.
The project will be converted to a commercial center every after the athletic
competition has done to generate marketability and profitability of the
government.
It could be an evacuation center in case of storm calamities.
To provide enough space for some departments/ offices since Cauayan City
Hall cant accommodate new departments such as Rescue 922 and others to
propose by the LGU.

SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS:
1. The client would want to allot a bigger capacity of seats that can accommodate
14 thousands of viewers.
2. The client also indicates to have complete package when it comes to assessing
emergencies inside the complex such as health clinics, ambulance, fire truck,
emergency speed boats.
3. The client also includes bigger parking area and a terminal for tricycle, vans
and busses.
4. Client also indicates the theme of the sport complex will adapt the cauayan
city name which is Cauayan which originate from the word kawayan/ bamboo.

TARGET USERS:
Primary:

Local and National Athletes

Secondary:

Local and National Conssecionaires

Tertiary:

Local and National Customers: students,

citizen of cauayan city or in different cities.

Availability of the Project:

The LGU Cauayan will

finance an amount of 2 Billion Pesos for the whole

project. Budget will come from loan on Land Bank of
the Philippines.

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
1.2/ 1.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM/ ARCHITECTURAL
GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:
MAJOR PROBLEM
1. What

would

be

GOAL
best

1. The project serves as a sports

strategic planning to provide

and commercial complex for

comfort,

and

the use of recreation, sport and

for the

physical activities to develop

effective

complete facilities
athletes,

the

students

and

the

and maintain optimum physical

customers that caters heathy,

efficiency by acting on social

satisfying, energetic and active

useful

lifestyle.

physical

ways

and

recreation,

enjoying
while

utilizing the effects of climate

change
MINOR PROBLEMS
1. What facilities to be provided
to improve training of the
athletes?

through

energy

efficiency.
OBJECTIVES
1. Provide
State-of

the-Art

facilities.
Strategies:
a) Do inventory of sports
activities of schools.
b) Research
for
DEPED
featured sports.
c) Research for new facilities

2. What will make the project be

an

icon

and

inviting people.

effective

in

for sport training.

2. Aesthetic and psychological
impact should be designed to
have inviting approach and
inspirational feeling.
Strategies:
a) To research & study on colors
that can easily catch-up the
vision of the viewers.
b) To design adapting the bamboo
architecture, because bamboo
2

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
represents the city itself.
c) To research on recreational
activity that would best fit the
3. Cauayan City has a hot and
humid climate and its heat

interest of Cauayeno.
3. To adapt extreme

climate

condition

temperature is at average 38-

Strategies:

42 Celsius or even riser if in

a) To research on the energy

the month of summer due to

efficient solutions.
b) To research on

climate change.

different

buildings with passive cooling

techniques.
c) To research

on

different

buildings with effective cross

4. How will the project affect the
life of the user on the vicinity?

ventilation.
4. To foster

learning,

self-

reflection, personal growth and

cross

cultural

appreciation

through sport.
Strategies:
a) To create an environment to
which people care to inhabit
and enjoy.
b) Research

on

recreational

activities that would be best fit

on the interest of Cauayeno.

Objective 1

a) Do inventory of sports activities of schools.

k-12 education curriculum guide on Physical Education from grade 1-10
Grade 1-6
o Body management, movement skills, rhythm and dance, games and
sports, physical fitness.
Walking, standing and sitting.
Assessment of physical activities and physical fitness.
3

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0

Tumbang preso, tamaang tao, batuhang bola tatsing,

basagan palayok, syato, kickball

Folk indigenous, ethnic traditional dance and creative
dance.

Grade 7-10
o Endurance, muscle and bone strengthening activities.
o Sports such as:
Running, rhythmic, gymnastic and swimming,
Badminton, table tennis, tennis
Arnis, taekwondo, karate
Sport such as:
Basketball, volleyball, football/ futsal, goalball, softball,

baseball.
Folk dance, hip- hop, street dance, cheer dance,

contemporary dance
Hiking, camping, orienteering, biking
Yoga exercises

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0

http://www.deped.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Final%20Physical%20Education
%201-10%2001.13.2014_edited%20May%201,%202014.pdf

b) Strategy 2- Research for DEPED featured sports.

BUREAU OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AND SCHOOL SPORTS

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0

Promoting ideals of sports and physical fitness through the elementary

and secondary schools. The Bureau of Physical Education and School Sports (BPESS)
has launched the Sports Fit. A series of nine (9) major programs implemented through
twenty (20) projects. This innovative approach caters to the demands and needs of the
21st Century. Focused in the strengthening capabilities and delivery of services in the
elementary and secondary schools for students, teachers, coaches and all the partners
in this undertaking.

Projects
School Sports Competition Program (Special Fund)

Palarong Pambansa and Preliminary Meets

Intramural/District/Unit Meet (Provincial/City Meet)

Regional Meet/National (Palarong Pambansa)

Organization of Varsity Teams and Conduct of Home and Away Games

Sports Facilities and Equipment Development

Physical Education Curriculum Materials Development Program

Production and Distribution of Audio and video Tapes

Development Reproduction and Distribution of P.E. manuals, Charts

and Other Support Materials

Outreach Sports Program

Physical Education and Sports Equipment Dispersal

Provision of Sports Technical Services to Schools and

Community Sports through Mobile Sports School

Regional Sports High School

Establishment of Regional Sports High Schools

Teachers'/Coaches/Trainors/Officiating Officials Training Program

P.E. Teachers, Coaches, Officiating Officials, Trainors and Clinicians
6

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
o

Scholarship and Study Tours Projects

Monitoring of Training Programs and Classes

Special Projects and International Participation

Special Olympics for the Disabled

Participation in ASSC/ASSF and other International Schools Activities

Inter-Agency Tournament

Fitness Program

Physical Fitness Park Development

Physical Fitness Mass Exercises and Testing

Information, Dissemination and Marketing Program

Advocacy and Sports Management Information System (Data Bank)

Marketing and Production of T.V. and VHS Sports Materials

Traditional Games and Sports Program

Arnis and Indigenous Games Development

National Festival of Traditional Filipino Games

http://www.chanrobles.com/legal3decsbureauofphysicaleducationandschoolsp
orts.html#.V7_QuvkrLIU

c) -----

Objective 2

Color is an integral element of our world, not just in the natural

environment but also in the man-made architectural environment. Color always

played a role in the human evolutionary process. The environment and its colors are
7

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
perceived, and the brain processes and judges what it perceives on an objective and
subjective basis. Psychological influence, communication, information, and effects on
the psyche are aspects of our perceptual judgment processes. Hence, the goals of color
design in an architectural space are not relegated to decoration alone. (Frank H.
Mahnke)

The impression of a color and the message it conveys is of utmost

importance in creating the psychological mood or ambiance that supports the function
of a space. A classroom has a different function than a hospital patient room; an office
space is not a production line, etc. according to (Frank H. Mahnke).

To mention a few examples concerning colors and what they convey:

Pastel yellow gives the impression of sunny, friendly, soft. The message in the interior
space is stimulating, brightness, coziness. Red is arousing, passionate, provocative,
fiery, aggressive. The message in the interior is aggressive, advancing, dominant.
Green is balancing, natural, calm with the message of simplicity, security, balance.
White expresses open, vast, neutral, sterile. The message being purity, sterile,
emptiness, indecisiveness.

Probably one of the least known factors of appropriate color

specification is its role in safeguarding visual efficiency and comfort. The eye's
adaptation process involves the immediate reaction of the eye to changes in the degree
of illumination. Studies have shown that appropriate differences in luminous density
can prevent eye fatigue and raise visual acuity, and thus also productivity. (Frank H.
Mahnke).

http://archinect.com/features/article/53292622/color-in-architecture-

more-than-just-decoration

Wassily Kandinsky's art explored the relationship between color and its

viewers. He eschewed the greys, browns, and blacks of Cubism, embracing color as
the primary vehicle for expression. In doing so he completely separated painting from
8

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
a need to depict a subject. The goal of Kandinskys art was to capture music in a
plastic medium, to evoke the same feelings a piece of music could evoke through
shades and hues.

The theories he developed about color and meaning would prove

influential in all creative fields, with the De Stijl movement expanding his
philosophies and incorporating color into industrial design and architecture.
Employing the color wheel, Kandinsky went through each hue, explaining the
feelings it evoked, emotions it captured, and the sound it made.

Going through ROY G BIV, here is a sample of Kandinskys thoughts

on color from his book "Concerning the Spiritual in Art".

Red: alive, restless, confidently striving towards a goal, glowing,

manly maturity. Translated into sound: "sound of a trumpet, strong and harsh,"
Fanfare, Tuba, deep notes on the cello, clear violin.

Orange: a mixture of red and yellow, radiant, healthy, serious.

Translated into sound: middle range church bell, an alto voice.

Yellow: "warm, cheeky, and exciting, disturbing for people, typical

earthly color... representing madness in color, an attack of rage, blind madness,

maniacal rage." Translated into sound: loud sharp trumpets and high fanfares.

Green: stillness and peace, but with a hidden, passive strength. "Green

is like a fat, very healthy cow lying still and unmoving, only capable of chewing the
cud, regarding the world with stupid dull eyes." Translated into sound: quiet drawn
out middle position violin.

Blue: deep, inner, supernatural, peaceful. "Sinking towards black, it

has the overtone of a mourning that is not human... typical heavenly color." Translated
into sound: the flute, cello, and organ.

Violet: a mixture of red and blue, "morbid, extinguished...sad."

Translated into sound: The English horn and bassoon.

9

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0

http://architizer.com/blog/kandinskys-color-theory-and-architecture/

Color: Meaning, Symbolism and Psychology

According to this article, it shows how color affect physically and

mentally.

How the color blue affects us physically and mentally

* Calming and sedate

* Cooling
* Aids intuition

How the color yellow affects us mentally and physically

* Mentally stimulating
* Stimulates the nervous system
* Activates memory
* Encourages communication

How the color orange affects us mentally and physically

* Stimulates activity
* Stimulates appetite
* Encourages socialization

How the color red affects us mentally and physically

* Increases enthusiasm
* Stimulates energy
* Encourages action and confidence
* A sense of protection from fears and anxiety

How the color purple affects us mentally and physically

* Uplifting
* Calming to mind and nerves

10

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
* Offers a sense of spirituality
* Encourages creativity

How the color brown affects us physically and mentally

* Feeling of wholesomeness
* Stability
* Connection with the earth
* Offers a sense orderliness

How the color white affects us mentally and physically

* aids mental clarity

* encourages us to clear clutter or obstacles
* evokes purification of thoughts or actions
* enables fresh beginnings

How the color black affects us physically and mentally

* feeling inconspicuous
* a restful emptiness
* mysterious evoking a sense of potential and possibility.

http://www.archinomy.com/case-studies/1230/color-meaning-

symbolism-and-psychology

Objective 3
To adapt extreme climate condition.
a) To research on the energy efficient solutions.

Vincente de Castro Mello, architect and project leader of the Estadio

Nacional Man Garrincha, sees the stadium as a model for other sports facilities. In
fact, he suggests that in the future perhaps even more could be done. Why not build
sports facilities that could serve as renewable energy power plants for surrounding
neighborhoods? But that's the future. For now, Castro Mello is clearly satisfied that
the stadium is both environmentally sustainable and economical. The problems of
11

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
climate change, high energy costs, and water scarcity are everywhere, he says. We
have taken all of these issues into consideration in the construction of this stadium.

Solar panel

The arena's imposing roof gives the impression of being monumental

and yet delicate. Supported by 288 steel columns, it seems to float above the stadium.
But the truly special nature of this roof is revealed in its details. These details are what
will earn the Man Garrincha stadium a LEED (Leadership in Energy and
Environmental Design) Platinum sustainability certificate. The new Stadium is on
track to be the first in the world to receive this certification, the maximum in
recognition for environmentally sustainable buildings. In the future, for instance, over
10,000 roof-mounted photovoltaic panels will produce approximately 2.5 megawatts.
When operating at full capacity during peak periods, these cells can provide over 50
percent of the stadium's energy needs. This investment is particularly valuable in view
of Brazil's new net metering law, which has made it possible for the stadium to switch
between the main power grid and its own independently generated energy as needed.
What's more, during normal operations it can simply feed surplus solar energy into the
power grid.

Rainwater harvesting

The ivory-colored glass roof, which project up to 80 meters above the

grandstands, provides natural lighting for the playing field while offering shade from
the hot Brazilian sun. Rain that collects on the roof is funneled through a drainage
system into five large tanks that are located under the stadium. The tanks have a total
capacity of almost seven million liters. Once collected, the water is filtered on site and
then used for the facility's sanitation systems as well as for watering the grass. These
steps have made it possible for the stadium to cover over 80 percent of its water
needs.

12

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
Top-Notch Security

The facade is open between the roof and the stands, air within the

stadium circulates naturally, thus ensuring that heat, which accumulates in the walls,
is drawn upward. In a region with a tropical climate, it's an innovative idea. This
approach eliminates the need for extensive air conditioning and ventilation systems.
In order to ensure the safety of fans, employees, and players, the stadium's
operators rely on the latest security technology. A surveillance system
integrated by Siemens uses highly advanced camera technology, including
image processing algorithms that identify potential dangers in the stands. This
helps security guards to react more quickly to threats and to take appropriate
action. The stadium's security and efficiency have also benefited from a range
of systems installed by Siemens, including some 6,000 smoke and fire
detectors, a cutting-edge IT and sound system, and about 150 turnstiles for
access control.

Access Control Made Easy

Indeed, thanks to a database that is able to recognize all of the ticket

systems on the market 1D and 2D bar codes, Mifare, and smartcards the facility's
access control system offers the highest level of security and flexibility. For
employees, password-protected access means that they can enter authorized areas
without the need to carry a key. Finally, all of the technical systems are connected to a
single control center and can be operated from a single display.

13

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0

http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/home/pictures-of-thefuture/energy-and-efficiency/efficient-energy-use-sports-facilities.html

b) To research on different buildings with passive cooling techniques.

Cooling is one of the major concerns in building tropical houses. The

passive cooling technique is one of the innovative practices and technologies that
provide buildings with comfortable conditions through natural means. Reflective and
radiative processes are the methods used to decrease heat gain by facilitating the
elimination of excess heat in a buildings interior to maintain a comfortable
environment according to (Karam M. Al-Obaidi).

The common passive cooling systems are classified into comfort

ventilation, nocturnal ventilation cooling, radiant cooling, evaporative cooling, and

using the earth as a cooling source according to Cavelius et al. (2007).

Likewise, Kamal (2012) listed the most important techniques for

passive cooling, which include solar shading, insulation, induced ventilation

techniques, radiative cooling, evaporative cooling, earth coupling, and desiccant
cooling.

Moreover, Geetha and Velraj (2012) developed a very clear framework

for the strategies of passive cooling, which generally fall into three categories: heat
prevention/reduction, (decreasing heat gains), thermal moderation (modifying heat

14

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
gains), and heat dissipation (removing internal heat). The approaches that have been
adopted and classified in literature are shown in Figure 3.

15

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
Figure 3. Classification of passive cooling approaches in energy-efficient
buildings (Geetha and Velraj, 2012), red dashed lines represent the selected
approach.

The study selects the reflective and radiative approaches. Reflective

roof strategy is an reflective cooling technique that slows the heat transfer to the
building. Studies shows that 60% of the urban areas are covered by roof and
pavements (Akbari et al., 2008). Findings show that an increase in urban population
will have increase on number of buildings, and therefore it will increase the level of
using rettless energy and Urban Heat Island effect (UHI). Therefore, energy-efficient
methods, such as the reflective color strategy are necessary to reduce such emissions
and mitigate the rising cost of energy.

The color of the external face of the building has a bigger effect to

counter- effect on the impact of solar radiation. This technique is widely use on hotter
region according to Yacouby et al. (2011). According to Givoni (1994) roofs that are
painted with grey has an external air temperature of approximately 31 C, generate an
average maximum external surface temperature of about 69 C. The maximum ceiling
temperatures are likewise significantly affected by the thickness of the roof: 45 C,
39 C, and 33 C, respectively. While roof painted in white generates an average of
maximum external air temperature of about 27 C and maximum external surface
temperature of about 27.5 C and the ceiling has only 25.5 C for all roofs.

These results showed that the intensities of solar radiation incidence on

the roof varied depending on the color and thermo-physical properties of the
roof. Givoni (1994) showed that the difference in the maximum external surface
temperature between a black and white roof in the desert during summer can be
between 30 C40 C, a difference that can be considered huge and significant.

The radiative cooling approach is a technique based on the idea that

any object or surface at a temperature higher than 0 K emits energy in the form of
electromagnetic radiation. It says that to understand the radiative heat exchange, color
and materials should be identified. A roof with a lower solar absorbance will reflect
more heat and keep the roof space relatively cooler compared with a roof with a
higher solar absorbance.
16

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0

Critiques:

Implementing reflective and radiative approaches in roofing systems

will enhance environmental sinks for heat dissipation, thereby minimizing the effect
of heat penetrating. However, their efficiency depends on the building types, the
occupancy patterns, and climatic boundaries which are air temperature, relevant
humidity, velocity and direction of winds. Therefore, to effectively improve the heat
rejection from buildings by natural means, the physical characteristics of the building
should be sufficiently understood. Result shows that the respondents are willing to
adopt passive cooling strategies in the buildings for economic reasons because it
constitute the most cost-effective methods for creating an optimally cool environment.

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263514000399

c) To research on different buildings with effective cross ventilation.

http://cityofcauayan.gov.ph/
http://www.philstar.com/sports/2016/03/02/1558628/cagayan-rules-2016cavraa-meet
17

Cauayan City: Ideal City of the North

Cauayan City Sports and

Commercial Complex

Chapter 1.0
http://pinas.dlsu.edu.ph/sports/sport.html
http://www.siemens.com/innovation/en/home/pictures-of-the-future/energyand-efficiency/efficient-energy-use-sports-facilities.html
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2095263514000399
http://www.greenhomebuilding.com/pdf/shapingbuildings1.pdf
http://www.deped.gov.ph/tags/sports
http://www.deped.gov.ph/sites/default/files/Final%20Physical%20Education
%201-10%2001.13.2014_edited%20May%201,%202014.pdf
http://architizer.com/blog/kandinskys-color-theory-and-architecture/

18