10 04 2013 - 09 48 12 - Transformers - Old

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Common Data for Q1 and Q2 is given below
A 300 kVA transformer has 95 % efficiency at full load 0.8 pf lagging and 96 % efficiency at half load ,
unity pf
1)The iron loss ( ) and copper loss(
) in kW, under full load operation are
[A]
[C]
. GATE-2006(
.(
. GATE-2007(
[B]
[D]
2) What is the maximum efficiency (in %) at unity pf load ?

[A] 95.1
[C]98.1
[B] 96.2
[D]96.4
3)Ina transformer , zero voltage regulation at full load is

[B] possible at unity power factor load
[D]possible at lagging power factor load
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[A] not possible

[C]possible at leading power factor load
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4)Asingle-phase 50 kVA, 250 V/500V two windingtransformer has an efficiency of 95% at full load , unity
power factor.If it is reconfigured as a 500 V/ 750V auto transformer , its efficiency atits new rated load at
unity power factor will be
an
[A] 95.752 %
[C]98.276%
.(
[B] 97.851%
[D]99.241%
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S,B
5)Three single-Phase transformers are connected to form a 3-Phase transformer bank. The transformers are
connected in the following manner
The transformer connection will be represented by

. GATE-2008(
[A] Yd0
[C]Yd6
[B] Yd1
[D]Yd11
6) It is desired to measure parameters of 230V/115 V, 2 kVA, single-phase transformer . The following

wattmeters are available in a laboratory :
W1 : 250 V, 10 A, low power factor
W2 : 250 V,5A, Low power factor
W3: 150 V, 10 A, High power factor
W4 : 150 V, 5A, High power factor
The wattmeters used in open circuit and short circuit test of the transformer will be respectively be
. GATE-2008(
[A] W1 and W2
[C]W1 and w4
[B] W2 and W4
[D]W2 and W3
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7) The core of a two-winding transformer is subjected to a magnetic flux variation as indicated in the figure
The induced emf(
) in the secondary winding as a function of time will be of the form

. GATE-2008(
[B]
ga
lor
[A]
[D]
S,B
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[C]
[A]
[C]
watts
watts
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8)The full load copper loss of a transformer working at unity power factor is
load at 0.8 pf will be (primary and secondary power factors are equal)
[B] 0.8
[D]
watts . The copper loss at full

.(
.(
watts
watts
9)A 3-phase balanced sinusoidal rated voltage is fed to the star side of a star / delta bank of three single
phase transformers having the same turns ratios . A voltmeter across an open corner of the secondary
delta records about 50% of the normal phase voltage . This voltage is due to
[A] wrong polarity connections
[C]unequal p.u impedance of the transformer
[B] magnetic non-linearity

[D]defective transformer stampings
10)A 5 KVA , 50 Hz , 1- transformer has a ratio 200 / 400 V . The data taken on the LV side at the rated
voltage shows the open circuited wattage as 100 W. The mutual inductance between the primary and
secondary windings is 2H . Neglect the effect of winding resistances and leakage reactances . What value
will be the current taken by the transformer if the no load test conducted on HV side ?
.(
[A] 0.4 A
[C]0.25 A
[B] 0.318 A
[D]0.296 A
11)A star/star/delta transformer with primary , secondary and tertiary voltages of 11,000 V , 1000V , 400V ,
has a magnetizing current of 3A . There is a balanced load of 600 KVA at 0.8 pf lag on the secondary
winding and balanced load of 150 KW on the tertiary winding . Neglecting losses , tertiary phase current if
the primary pf is 0.82 lag is
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.(
[A] 33.1 A
[C]25.4 A
[B] 18.9 A
[D]40.4 A
12)Assertion (a) : The magnitude of inrush current in 3-phase transformer is of lower intensity as compared to
single phase transformers
Reason (r) : Maximum inrush current in three legged core type transformer is one-third of that if it were
operated on one leg as a single phase transformer .
.(
[A] Both (a) and (r) are true and (r) is the correct
reason for (a)
[C]Both (a) and (r) are false
[B] Both (a) and (r) are true and (r) is not the correct
reason for (a)
[D](a) is true but (r) is false
13)Assertion (A): Transformer is not used in a d.c line

Reason(R) : Losses in the d.c circuit are not negligible.
. IES-2004(
[A] Both A and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A
[C]A is true but R is false
[B] Both A and R are true but R is not the correct

explanation of A
[D]A is false but R is true
. IES-2004(
lor

explanation of A
14)Assertion (A): Delta-connected tertiary windings tend to act as an automatic feed back control system.
Reason(R) : In the event of unbalance secondary load currents, both secondary and primary load voltages
are restored to their normal phase magnitude and angle.
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explanation of A
[C]A is true and R is false
[C]1J
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[A]
S,B
15)A coil of 1000 turns is wound on a core. A current of 1A flowing through the coil creates a core flux of
1mwb. What is the energy stored in the magnetic field?
. IES-2005(
[B]
[D]2J
16)Match List-1 (Type of coil) with List-II (Use of coil) and select the correct answer using the codes given
below the lists:
List-I
A. Sandwitch coils
B. Disc coils
C. Cross -over coils
Spiral type
List-II
1. Low voltage coils for currents above 100A
2. High voltage windings of small transformers
3. Cooling oils is contact with each turn of the winding
4. Shell-type transformer core
. IES-2005(
[A] A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

[C]A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
[B] A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

[D]A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

17)Match List-I(Test) with List-II(Quantities) and select the correct answer using the code given below the
lists:
List-I
A. O C Test
B. S C Test
C. Sumpner's Test
D. Load Test
List-II
1. Copper loss and iron loss
2. Total losses
3. Iron loss
4. Copper loss
. IES-2005(
[A] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

[C]A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
[B] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

[D]A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
18)A short-circuit test, when performed on the h.v side of a 10 kVA, 2000/400 V, single-phase transformer
gave the following data :
60 V, 40 A, 100 watts
If the l.v side is delivering full load (or rated ) current at 0.8 pf lag and at 400 V, find the voltage applied to
h.v side
.(
19)The flux through each turn of a 100 turn coil is

= 2 s is
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[A] 1 V
[C]4 mV
lor
[B] 1032.9 V
[D]4131.6 V
m wb, when t is in seconds. The induced emf at t
ga
[A] 2065.8 V
[C]3098.7 V
.(
[B] -1 V
[D]0.4 V
[A] 103 A, 17 kW
[C]103 A, 8.5 kW
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S,B
20)The high voltage and low voltage windings of a 6600/250 V, 50 Hz, 1-Phase transformer have resistances
of 0.21 and
and reactances of 1.0 and
respectively. Determine the current
and power input when the high voltage winding is connected to a 400 V, 50 Hz supply, the low voltage
winding being short circuited
.(
. IES-2001(
[B] 206 A, 8.5 kW

[D]206 A, 17 kW
21)A single -phase transformer when supplied from 220V, 50Hz has eddy current loss of 50W. If the
transformer is connected to a voltage of 330V, 50Hz,t the eddy current loss will be
[A] 168.75W
[C]75W
[B] 112.5W
[D]50W
22)In case of auto transformers , which of the following statements are correct?
1. An auto transformers requires less copper as compared to a conventional, 2-winding transformers of the
same capacity.
2. An auto transformer provides isolation between the primary and secondary windings.
3. An auto transformer has less leakage reactance as compared to the conventional, 2-winding
transformer of the same capacity.
Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
[A] 1,2 and 3
[C]1 and 3
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. IES-2002(
[B] 1 and 2
[D]2 and 3
23)Generally the no-load losses of an electrical machine is represented in its equivalent circuit by a
[A] parallel resistance with a low value
[C]parallel resistance with a high value
[B] series resistance with a low value

[D]series resistance with a high value

24)match List-I(Transformer) with List-II(Voltage ratio)and select the correct answer

List-I
A. Power transformer
B. Auto Transformer
C. Welding Transformer
D. Isolation Transformer
List -II
1. 230V/230V
2.220V/240V
3.400V/100V
4.132KV/11KV
[A] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
. IES-2002(
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[B] A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3
[C]A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
[D]A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1
25)A two winding transformer is used as an auto transformer. The KVA rating of the auto transformer
compared to the two winding transformer will be
[A] 3 times
[C]1.5 times
[B] 2 times
[D]same
lor
26)A 20KVA, 2000/200V,1-phase transformer has name-plate leakage impedance of 8% Voltage required to
be applied on the high voltage side to circulate full -load current with the low voltage winding short circuited
will be
. IES-2002(
[B] 56.56 V
[D]568.68 V
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[A] 16 V
[C]160 V
S,B
[A] 3200 W and 2500 W

[C]1600 W and 1250 W
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27)The full-load copper loss and iron-loss of a transformer are 6400W and 5000W at half load will be,
respectively
. IES-2002(
[B] 3200 W and 5200 W

[D]1600 W and 5000 W
[A] 9.1 A
[C]45.0 A
IE
28)In a 100 KVA, 1100/220V, 50 HZ single-phase transformer with 2000 turns on the high-voltage side, the
open circuit test result gives 200V, 91 A, 5KWA on low-voltage side. The core-loss component of current
is, approximately
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[B] 22.7 A
[D]91 A
29)Possible three -to -three phase transformer connection for parallel operation is
[A]
[C]
[B]
[D]
30)Match List-I with List-II with select the correct answer

List -I
A. Silica Gel
B. Porcelain
C. Mercury
D. Fins
List-II
1.Bushing
2.Buccholz relay
3. Tank
4. Breather
[A] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
[C]A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1
[B] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

[D]A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

31)A 4KVA,400/200V single -phase transformer has resistance of 0.02 p.u and reactance of 0.06 p.u. Its
actual resistance and reactance referred to h.v.side, are, respectively
[A] 0.2 ohm and 0.6 ohm
[C]0.08 0hm and 0.24 ohm
. IES-2002(
. IES-2002(
[B] 0.8 ohm and 2.4 ohm

[D]2 ohm and 6 ohm
32)A delta /star transformer has a phase -to-phase voltage transformation ratio of K
The line-to-line voltage ratio of star/delta connection is given by

[A]
[C]
[B] K
[D]
33)Two 10KV/440V, 1-phase transformers of ratings 600 KVA and 350KVA are connected in parallel to share
a load of 800KVA. The reactance of the transformers, referred to the secondary side are 0.0198 and
0.0304 respectively (resistance negligible). The load share by the two transformers will be , respectively
. IES-2002(
[A] 484.5KVA and 315.5KVA

[C]533 KVA and 267KVA
[B] 315.5KVA and 484.5KVA

[D]267 KVA and 533 KVA
ga
lor
34)Two transformers, with equal voltage ratio and negligible excitation current, connected in parallel, share
load in the ratio of their KVA rating only, if their p.u. impedance s(based on their own KVA) are
(a) equal
(b) in the inverse ratio of their rating
(c) in the direct ratio of their ratings
(d) purely reactive
S,B
an
DIRECTION:
The following three items consist of two statements, one labelled as 'Assertion A' and the other labelled as
'Reason R'. You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and the
Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
Select your answers to these items using the codes given below :
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[A] Both A and r are true and R is the correct

explanation of A
. IES-2002(
[B] Both A and r are true but R is not the current

explanation of A
35)Assertion(A): The distribution transformers are designed for minimum core losses.
Reason(R): Primary windings of distribution transformers are energized throughout the day.
. IES-2002(
[A] Both a and R are true and R is the correct

explanation of A
[B] Both A and R are true but R is the not the correct
explanation of A
36)The use of higher flux density in the transformer design

[A] Reduce the weight per KVA
[C]Has no relation with the weight of transformer
. IES-2003(
. IES-2003(
[B] Increase the weight per KVA

[D]Increase the weight per KW
37)The fun of coil in a transformer is to provide

[A] Insulation and cooling
[C]Protection against short circuit
[B] Protection against lightning

[D]Lubrication
38)A coil of 1000 turns of wound on a core. A current of 1A flowing through the coil creates a core flux of
1mwb. The energy stored in the magnetic field is
. IES-2003(
[A] 0.25J
[C]1J
[B] 0.5J
[D]2J

39)Consider the following statements relating to the constructional features of a large power transformer:
1. The conservator is used to maintain the level of oil in the transformer tank
2. The bushing is used to protect transformer insulation against lightning over-voltages
3. The Buchholz relay is an over current relay
4. Silica gel is used to absorb moisture
Which of these statements are correct?
[A] 1,2,3 and 4
[C]1 and 4
. IES-2003(
. IES-2003(
[B] 2 and 3
[D]1, 2 and 4
40)two transformers operating in parallel will share the load depending upon their
[A] Ratings
[C]Efficiency
[B] leakage reactnace

[D]per unit impedance
S,B
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lor
41)A1 kVA,200/100v,50Hz, single-phase transformer gave the following test results on 50Hz;
OC (LV side) : 100V, 20 watts
SC (HV side) : 5A, 25 watts
It is assumed that no-load loss components are equally divided. The above tests were then conducted on
the same transformer at 40 Hz.
tests results were:
OC (HV) : 160V,
watts
SC (LV) : 10 A,
watts
Neglecting skin effect,
and
will be
(a)
= 16 watts,
= 25 watts
(b)
= 25 watts,
= 31.25 watts
(c)
= 20 watts,
= 20 watts
(d)
= 14.4 watts,
= 25 watts
DIRECTION:
The following four items consists of two statements, one labelled as "Assertion A' and the other labelled as
'Reason R'. You are to examine these two statements carefully and decide if the Assertion A and the
Reason R are individually true and if so, whether the reason is a correct explanation of the Assertion.
Select your answers to these items using the codes given below.
IE

explanation of A
. IES-2003(

explanation of A
42)if per unit impedance of two transformers connected in parallel are not equal, then which one of the
following statements is correct?
. IES-2003(
[A] The power factor of the two transformers will be

different from that of the connected load
[B] Transformers will get overloaded
[C]Dead short circuit occurs
[D]The transformer with higher per unit impedance

will share more load
43)Three single phase 11000/220v transformers are connected to form 3-phase transformer bank.. High
voltage side is connected in star, and low voltage side is in delta. What are the voltage ratings and turn
ratio of 3-phase transformer?
. IES-2005(
[A] 19052/220V,50
[C]11000/381V, 50
[B] 19052/220V, 50
[D]11000/220V, 50
44)If the wave form of the voltage impressed on the primary of a Y-delta bank contains 5th harmonics, What
are the wave form of the resultant voltages of the primary and the secondary?
. IES-2005(
[A] Peaked Peaked

[C]Flat-topped Peaked
[B] Peaked Flat-topped

[D]Flat-topped Flat-topped

45)Assertion (A): For obtaining improved magnetic properties, the transformer magnetic core is assembled
using cold-rolled silicon-steel sheets.
Reason (R) : The laminations for the core could be cut out of the cold-rolled silicon stell sheets,cutting
either in the direction of rolling or transverse therof, without effecting the magnetic properties in any way.
. IES-2005(

explanation of A
explanation of A
46)Which three-phase connection can be used in a transformer to introduce a phase difference of 300
between its output and corresponding input align voltages?
. IES-2006(
[A] Star-delta
[C]Delta-star
[B] Star-star
[D]Delta-zigzag
47)What is the efficiency of an auto transformer in comparison to that of a two-winding transformer of the
same rating?
. IES-2006(
[B] Same as that of a two winding transformer
[C]more than that of two winding transformer
[D]As low as 1/5 th of the efficiency of a two winding

transformer
lor
[A] Slightly less than that of a two-winding

transformer
an
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48)A two winding transformer is converted into an auto transformer. IF we apply additive polarity and
subtractive polarity for the connections, then the secondary voltage is 2640V and 2160V, respectively.
What is the ratio of primary to secondary voltage of the original transformer?
S,B
[A] 66 : 54
[C]10 : 1
. IES-2006(
[B] 54 : 66
[D]1 : 10
49)Percentage resistance and percentage reactance of a transformer are 1% and 4%, respectively. What is
voltage regulation at power factor 0.8 lagging and 0.8 leading?
IE
[A] 2.4% and -0.8%, respectively

[C]3.2% and -3.25, respectively
. IES-2006(
[B] 3.2% and -1.6%, respectively

[D]4.8% and 1.6% respectively
50)If P1 and P2 be the iron and copper losses of a transformer at full load, and the maximum efficiency of the
transformer is at 75% of the full load, then what is the ratio of P1 and P2?
. IES-2006(
[A] 9/16
[C]3/4
[B] 10/16
[D]3/16
51)If the iron core of a transformer is replaced by an air core, then the hysteresis losses in the transformer will
. IES-2006(
[A] increase
[C]remain unchanged
[B] decrease
[D]become zero
52)The equivalent circuit of a transformer has the leakage reactance X1, X2' and the magnetizing reactance
Xm. What is the relationship between their magnitude?
[A] X1 >>X2' >>Xm
[C]X1 X2' >>Xm
. IES-2006(
. IES-2006(
[B] X1 <<X2' <<Xm

[D]X1 X2' <<Xm
53)If the voltage applied to a transformer primary is increased by keeping the V/f ratio fixed, then the
magnetizing current and the core loss will, respectively,
[A] decrease and remain the same
[C]remain the same and remain the same
[B] increase and decrease

[D]remain the same and increase

54)In a large power transformer, a "conservator" drum is provided above the completely oil filled transformer
tank and connected to it by a short pipe. The conservator drum is linked to external air through a breather.
What is the purpose of providing the conservator?
. IES-2007(
[A] To store reserve oil to make up oil losses due to

leakage
[B] To prevent explosion due to rise in oil pressure

inside the tank during a fault
[D]To exert additional pressure by the conservator
oil on he oil inside the main tank to prevent
disintegration of oil at high temperature
[C]To accommodate change in oil-level during the

"load-cycle" of the transformer load
55)A 500 KVA transformer has constant losses of 500 W and copper losses at full load are 2000 W. Te at
what load, is the efficiency maximum?
[A] 250 KVA
[C]1000 KVA
. IES-2007(
. IES-2007(
[B] 500 KVA

[D]125 KVA
lor
56)On which of the following factors does hysteresis loss depend?

1. Flux density
2. Frequency
3. Thickness of lamination
4. Time
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
[B] 1 and 2
[D]1 and 4
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[A] 2 and 3
[C]3 and 4
[A] 1 and 2
[C]2 and 3
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S,B
an
57)Consider the following statements regarding transformers :

1. The function of the magnetizing component of no-load current is to sustain the alternating flux in the
core.
2. Short circuit tests is performed to find core losses only.
3. The function of the breather in transformer is to arrest flow of moisture when outside air enters the
transformer.
Which of these statements are correct?
. IES-2007(
[B] 1 and 3
[D]1,2 and 3
58)Two transformers when operating in parallel will share the load depending up on which of the following?
[A] Magnetizing current
[C]per unit impedance
. IES-2007(
. IES-2007(
[B] Leakage reactance

[D]Efficiency
59)Sludge formation in transformer oils is due to which one of the following?

[A] Ingress of duct particles and moisture in the oil
[B] Appearance of small fragments of paper, varnish,

cotton and the other organic materials in the oil
[C]Chemical reaction of transformer oil with the

insulating materials
[D]Oxidation of transformer oil
60)A single phase transformer rated for 220/440 V, 50 Hz operates at no load at 220 V, 40 Hz. This frequency
operation at rated voltage results in which one of the following?
. IES-2008(
[A] Increase of both eddy-current and hysteresis

losses
[C]Reduction of hysteresis loss and increase in
eddy-current loss
[B] Reduction of both eddy-current and hysteresis

losses
[D]Increase of hysteresis loss and no change in the
eddy-current loss
61)What is the load at which maximum efficiency occurs in case of a 100 KVA transformer with iron loss of 1
KW and full-load copper loss of 2KW?

[A] 100 KVA

[C]50.5 KVA
. IES-2008(
. IES-2008(
. IES-2008(
[B] 70.7KVA
[D]25.2 KVA
62)A transformer has a percentage resistance of 2% and percentage reactance of 4%. What are its
regulations at power factor 0.8 lagging and 0.8 leading , respectively?
[A] 4% and-0.8%
[C]1.6% and -3.2%
[B] 3.2% and -1.6%

[D]4.8% and -0.6%
63)Core of large power transformers are made from which one of the following?
[A] Hot-rolled steel
[C]Cold-rolled grain oriented steel
[B] Cold-rolled steel

[D]Ferrite
64)The full load copper loss and iron loss of a transformer are 6400 W and 5000 W, respectively. What are
the above copper loss and iron loss, receptively at half -load?
3200 W, 2500 W
3200 W, 5000 W
1600 W, 1250 W
1600 W, 5000 W
. IES-2008(
ga
[A] Both A and R are true and R is the explanation of

A
lor
DIRECTIONS:
The following item are consists of two statements; one labelled as 'Assertion (A)' and the other labelled as
'Reason (R)'. You have to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer to these item
using the codes given below:
S,B
an

explanation of A
IE
65)Assertion (A) : Both efficiency and regulation of a 3-winding ideal transformer are 100%.
Reason (R) : The flux leakage and the magnetic reluctance of the magnetic core in an ideal transformer
are zero. Moreover, losses are absent in ideal transformers.
[A] Both A and R are true and R is the explanation of
A
. IES-2008(

explanation of A
A is true but R is false

[C]
A is true but R is false
66)When are eddy-current losses in a transformer reduced?

. IES-2008(
[A] If laminations are thick
[B] If the number of turns in primary winding is

reduced
[C]If the number of turns in secondary winding is

reduced
[D]If laminations are thin
67)What is the power transmitted inductively in an auto-transformer which supplies a load at 161 volts with an
applied primary voltage of 230 volts?
. IES-2009(
[A] 35 % of the input

[C]15 % of the input
[B] 70 % of the input

[D]30 % of the input
68)What is the power transferred conductively from primary to secondary of an auto-transformer having transformation ratio of 0.8 supplying a load of 3 KW?

[A] 0.6 KW
[C]1.5 KW
. IES-2009(
. IES-2009(
. IES-2009(
. IES-2010(
[B] 2.4 KW
[D]0.27 KW
69)What is the core loss in a high frequency ferrite core transformer used in SMPS power supply?
[A] 10 % of rated power
[C]2 % rated power
[B] 5 % of rated power

[D]1 % of rated power
70)Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I
A. Magnetic flux density
B. Shunt admittance
C. Attenuation coefficient
D. Phase change coefficient
List-II
1. Siemens
2. Telsa
3. Radian
4. Neper
[B] A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
[D]A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
[A] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

[C]A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
lor
71)For the parallel operation of transformers, which of the following conditions must be satisfied?
[B] Must be connected in proper polarities
[D]Same KVA rating
ga
[A] Same voltage ratios

[C]Re/Xe ratio should be same
S,B
[A] 57.7%
[C]50%
an
72)A
connected transformer is connected to V/V connected transformer. The ratio of VA rating of V/V
connected transformer and
connected transformer is
. IES-2010(
[B] 100%
[D]75%
[A] 0.5
[C]1.5
IE
73)Neglecting losses , if the power transformed inductively is equal to power transformed conductively in an
auot tramsformer , then the secondary to primary ratio of transformer is
. IES-2010(
. IES-2010(
[B] 2
[D]1.25
74)IN an auto transformer, power is transferred , through

[A] Conduction process only
[C]Both conduction and induction process
[B] Induction process only

[D]Mutual coupling
75)It is advisable to use auto-transformer if the transformation ratio is

Greater than 1
Near to 1
0.25
0.5
DIRECTION:
The following items consists of two statements; one labelled as 'Assertion (A) and the other labelled as
'Reason (R)' .You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items
using the codes given below:
. IES-2010(

explanation of A
[B] Both A and R are true but R is not a correct

explanation A

[D]
A is false but R is true
76)Assertion(A) : In a transformer, open circuit (OC) test is conducted from low voltage side and short circuit
(SC) test conducted forth high voltage side
Reason (R) : OC test gives iron loss and SC test gives copper loss
. IES-2010(

explanation of A
[B] Both A and R are true but R is not a correct
explanation A
77)The applied voltage of a certain transformer is increased by 75%, while the frequency of the applied
voltage is reduced by 25%. The maximum core flux density will
[A] Increase by seven times
[C]Reduce to one quarter
. IES-2010(
. IES-2010(
[B] Increase by three times

[D]Remain the same
250 volts
S.C Test
60 volts
0.8 amp
lor
O.C Test
78)A 10 KVA, 2500/250 single phase transformer has the following results:
3 amp
an
[A] 98.49 %
[C]98.28 %
45 W
ga
Then efficiency at half full load at 0.8 power factor will be
50 W
[B] 97.68 %
[D]96. 85 %
. IES-2011(
[B] 0.8 and 2.4

[D]1 and 3
IE
[A] 0.2 and 0.6

[C]0.8 and 0.24
S,B
79)A 4 kVA, 400 V/200 V single phase transformer has resistance of 0.02 pu and reactance of 0.06 pu. the
resistance and reactance referred to high voltage side are :
80)The full load copper and iron loss of a transformer are 6400 W and 500 W, respectively. The above copper
loss and iron loss at full load will be
[A] 33200 W and 250 W respectively
[C]1600 W and 125 W respectively
. IES-2011(
. IES-2011(
[B] 3200 W and 500 W respectively

[D]1600 W and 500 W respectively
81)In a transformer, zero voltage regulation at full load is

[A] Not possible
[C]Possible at lagging power factor load
[B] Possible at leading power factor load

[D]Possible at unity power factor load
82)A 2 V/1 V two winding transformer is connected as an auto transformer. Its voltage regulation as an auto
transformer compared to the two winding transformer is
. IES-2011(
[A] The same

[C]2 times
[B] 1.5 times

[D]3 times
83)When one transformer is removed from a - bank of 30 kVA transformer, the capacity of the resulting 3phase transformer corresponding input line voltage?
. IES-2011(
[A] 11.5 kVA

[C]20 kVA
[B] 17.3 kVA

[D]25.9 kVA
84)Which 3-phase connection can be used in a transformer to introduce a phase difference of 300 between its
output and corresponding input line voltage?

[A] Star/star
[C]Delta/delta
. IES-2011(
. IES-2011(
[B] Star/delta
[D]Delta/zigzag
85)Conditions for parallel operation of transformer are

1. The same voltage ratio
2. The same per unit impedance
3. The same polarity
4. The same phase sequence
5. The relative phase displacement
Which are the absolutely essential conditions?
[A] 1,2,3, 4 and 5
[C]3, 4 and 5
[B] 2, 3 and 4
[D]1, 2 and 3
86)Assertion (A) : If two transformation with different X/R ratios are operated in parallel, one of the
transformers becomes over heated when full KVA output is drawn from them.
Reason (R) : The impedance triangles are not identical in shape two transformers having different voltage
ratings are operated in parallel.
. IES-2011(
[A] Both A and R are individually true and R is the

correct explanation of A
lor
[B] Both A and R are individually true but R is not a

correct explanation A
[D]
ga
A is false but R is true
S,B
[A] 150 V
[C]100 V
an
87)A 200 V/100 v , 50 Hz transformer s to be excited at 40 hz from 100 v side. For the exciting current to be
the same. The applied voltage should be
. IES-2012(
. IES-2012(
[B] 80 V
[D]125 V
IE
88)Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists:
List-I
A. Magnetic Flux
B. Magneto motive force
C. Reluctance
D. Permeability
List-II
1. Resistance
2. Electric current
3. Conductivity
4. Electromotive force
[A] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3
[C]A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
[B] A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2

[D]A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2
89)A 10 kVA, 2000/220 V transformer gave the following test result. Open circuit test, High voltage side open:
V=220 V, I = 1.5 A, W= 150 W. Short circuit test . Low voltage side short-circuited: V= 115 V, I = rated, W
= 200 W. The half full load efficiency of the transformer operating at unity power factor is
. IES-2012(
[A] 95 %
[C]96 %
[B] 95.5 %
[D]96.5 %

90)Consider the following statements :

The open circuit test in a transformer can be used to obtain.
1. Core losses.
2. Magnitude of exciting current.
3. Copper losses
4. Equivalent series impedance.
Correct statements are
. IES-2012(
[A] 1,2,3 and 4

[C]1 and 2 only
[B] 1 and 3 only

[D]2 and 4 only
91)A 100 kVA, 2400 V/240 V, Hz single phase transformer has an exciting current of 0.64 A ans core loss 700
W when its high voltage side is energized at rated voltage and frequency. If load current is 40 A at 0.8 pf
lagging on the LV side, then magnitude of the primary current will be
. IES-2012(
[A] 4.58 A
[C]4.64 A
[B] 4 A
[D]4.85 A
92)In which one of the following sets of 3-phase transformer connection will zero sequence current be present
in the transformer windings?
. IES-2012(
ga
93)Just to check am updating this question
an
[A] option a
[C]option c
[B] Primary in star, neutral grounded; secondary in

delta.
[D]Primary in star, neutral grounded; secondary in
delta
lor
[A] Primary star , neutral grounded; secondary in

star, neutral not grounded.
[C]Primary in star, neutral not grounded; secondary
in star, neutral grounded.
.(
[B] option b
[D]option d
[A] A-1, B-2, C-4

[C]A-3, B-4, C-1
IE
S,B
94)Match List-I (Material) with List-II (Application) and select the correct answer using the code given below
the lists:
List-I List-II
a. Silicon steel 1. High frequency transformers
b. Ferrites 2. Permanent magnets
c. Alnico 3. Current transformers
4. Power transformers
. IES-2008(
. IES-2008(
[B] A-4, B-3, C-2

[D]A-4, B-1, C-2
95)Why is the core of the transformer built up of laminations?

[A] To reduce eddy current loss
[C]No specific advantage
[B] For convenience of fabrication

[D]For increasing the permeability
96)A single phase transformer has a maximum efficiency of 90% at full load and unity power factor . Efficiency
at half load at the same power factor is
. GATE-2003(
[A] 86.7 %
[C]88.9%
[B] 88.26%
[D]87.8 %

97)Figure shows an ideal single-phase transformer . The primary and secondary coils are wound on the core
as shown. Turns ratio
. The correct phasors of voltages
, currents
and core flux
are as shown in
. GATE-2003(
[B]
[D]
S,B
an
ga
lor
[C]
[A]
IE
98)Figureshows a
connected 3-Phasedistribution transformer used to step down the voltage from
11000 V to 415V line-to-line . It has two switches
. Under normal conditions is closed and is
open. Under certain superior conditions is open and is closed. In such a case the magnitude of the
voltage across the LV terminals a and c is
. GATE-2003(
[A] 240 V
[C]415 V
[B] 480 V
[D]0 V

99)Figureshows an ideal three winding transformer are wound on the same case as shown.The turns ratio
N1:N2:N3 is 4:2:1. A resistorof 10 is connected across winding-2 . A capacitor of reactance 2.5 is
connectedacross winding-3. Winding -1 is connected across a 400 V, as supply. If thesupply voltage
phasor
, the supply current phasor I1 isgiven by
. GATE-2003(
[A] (-10+j10)A
[C](10+j10)A
[B] (-10-j10)A
[D](10-j10)A
100)A 500 kVA, 3-phase transformer has iron losses of 300 W and full load copper losses of 600 W. The
percentage load at which the transformer is expected to have maximum efficiency is
. GATE-2004(
. GATE-2004(
[B] 70.7 %
[D]200 %
lor
[A] 50.0 %
[C]141.4 %
101)For a linear electromagnetic circuit , the following statement is true

[B] Field energy is greater than the co-energy
[D]Co-energy is zero
ga
[A] Field energy is equal to the co-energy

[C]Field energy is less than the co-energy
an
102)A 50 kVA, 3300/230V single-phase transformer is connected as an auto transformer shown in figure. The
IE
S,B
nominal rating of the auto transformer will be
. GATE-2004(
[A] 50.0 kVA

[C]717.4 kVA
[B] 53.5 kVA

[D]767.4 kVA
103)The resistance and reactance of a 100 kVA 11000/400 V,

distribution transformer are 0.02 and
0.07 pu respectively. The phase impedance of the transformer referred to the primary is
. GATE-2004(
[A] (0.02 + j 0.07)

[C](15.125 + j 52.94)
[B] (0.55 + j 1.925)

[D](72.6+j254.1)
104)The equivalent circuit of a transformer has leakage reactancesX , X and magnetizing reactance X .
1 2
M
Their magnitude satisfy
. GATE-2005(
[A]
[C]
[B]
[D]
105)Which three phase connection can be used in a transformer to introduce a phasedifference of

between its outputand corresponding input line voltages

[A] star-star
[C]Delta- Delta
. GATE-2005(
. GATE-2006(
[B] Star-delta
[D]delta-Zigzag
106)In transformers , which of the following statements is valid ?

[A] In an open circuit test, copper losses are
obtained while in short circuit test, core losses are
obtained
[C]In a short circuit test, current is drawn at zero
powerfactor
[B] in an open circuit test , current is drawn at high

power factor
[D]in an open circuit test, current is drawn at low
power factor
107)Two transformers are to be operated in parallel such that they share load in proportion to their kVA
ratings . The rating of the first transformer is 500 kvA and its pu leakage impedance is 0.05 pu. If the rating
of second transformer is 250 kVA, its pu leakage impedance is
. GATE-2006(
[A] 0.20
[C]0.05
[B] 0.10
[D]0.025
IE
S,B
an
ga
lor

Key Paper
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.
105.
106.
107.
Answer Explanations
an
ga
lor
14) Answer Explanation :

A delta connected tertiary reduce the impedance offered to the zero sequence currents thereby allowing a
larger earth-fault current to flow for proper operation of protective equipment. Further it limits voltage
imbalance when the load is unbalanced.It also permits the third harmonic current to flow thereby reducing
third-harmonic voltages. When used for this purpose, the tertiary winding is called a stabilizing winding.
IE
S,B

A part of the winding being common, leakage flux therefore leakage reactance is less.
No-load losses (essentially core losses not F &W losses )are low and depend up on the applied voltage in
an induction machine


Answer would depend up on the voltage ratio
i.e, step-up or step-down.
For step-up transformer
and type of auto transformer
where a< 1
For step-down transformer
where a> 1
Let,
(Ideal two winding transformer)
for step-up transformer
then
a= 2
then
lor
ga
an
Iron loss does not depend up on the load but up on the applied voltage
Core-loss component
S,B
IE

To ensure co-phasor primary and secondary windings


The currents carried by two transformers (also their KVA loadings) are proportional to their ratings if their
ohmic impedances (or their pu impedance on a common base) are inversely proportional to their ratings or
their per unit impedances on their own rating are equal. The ratio of equivalent leakage reactnace to
equivalent resistance should be the same for all the transformers. A difference in this ratio results in a
divergence of the phase angle of the two currents, so that one transformer will be operating with a higher,
and the other with a lower power factor than that of the total output;as a result the given active load is not
proportional shared by them.

Bushing are terminals not protective devices
ga
lor

and
as no-load components of power are equally divided.
Similarly
as
IE
and
S,B
an
as

The ratio of equivalent leakage reactance to equivalent resistance should be the same for all the
transformers. A difference in this ratio results in a divergence of the phase angle of the two current, so that
one transformer will be operating with a higher and the other with a lower power factor than that of the total
output; as a result the given active load is not proportionally shared by them.
(Star- connected)
(delta-connection)


let V1 (primary) >V2 (Secondary)
so V1 + V2 = 2640
V1 - V2 =2160
from (i) and (ii) V1 = 2400 and V2 = 240V
V1 : V2 = 10 : 1

Percentage voltage regulation for lagging p.f
as
% VR = (0.01 0.8 + 0.04 0.06) 100= 3.2%
% VR for leading p.f = (0.01 0.8 - 0.04 0.06) 100= -1.6%
lor

Air core means non-iron core so there will be no hysteresis losses
but core loss depends up on the frequency
an
Magnetizing flux
ga
Load for
IE
S,B

Conservator also work as reserve oil store. But most appropriate answer is 'c' i.e to accommodate change
in oil level during load cycle. Through conservator transformer breaths into atmosphere.

Hysteresis loss not depend on thickness of lamination and time
Short circuit tests is performed to find copper losses not core losses.
Load share not depend on and magnetizing current. Equivalent impedance also have resistance so option
B. leakage reactance is also not correct.
Dust &Moisture is already taken care by Silica Jel. Due to heating oxidation of transformer oil is there


Eddy current loss
So,
t= thickness
f= frequency
Bmax = flux density
So, Pe will be same. or no change in eddy current loss.
= Full load
lor

For lagging load '% R'
-1 (2 x 0.8 + 4 X 0.6) = 4%
For leading load '% R'
=1(2 x 0.8 - 4 x 0.6) = -0.8%
ga

Grains are oriented to increased
an

Iron losses not change due to load variations copper losses (loading in pu)2
S,B

Regulation of ideal transfer is 0% hence assertion is not correct.
IE

Pe = Ke B2 f2 t2 where t is thickness
=30% of Sin
Power transferred conductively = 3 X 0.8
=2.4 KW
Core losses will be lesser in case of using high frequency ferrite core.


For parallel of from transformers the following conditions in the following order to be satisfied.
(a) Must be connected same polarities/phase requence.
(b) Same voltage ratios.
(c) Same Re/Xe ratio.
(d) Some P.Uimpedance
connection phase currents is
times of line current VA rating supplied is
VLIL = 3 Vph I ph
V connection two lines carry phase current
VA rating supplied is
ILVL.Iph =
Vph Iph
ga
lor

Power transformed industrially = V2I2(1-k)
Power transformed conductively = V2I2k
an
1-k=k
k = 0.5
S,B

in transformer there is no direct connection between primary and secondary. So the power only transferred
through induction. But in auto transformer there is a conductive path between primary and secondary. So
power transferred through both conduction and induction.
IE

Near unity gain in voltage the auto transformer works efficiency. Maximum power transferred by conduction.
So very less current in the winding. So losses are less.
E = 4.444 f N max
Hence, option (b) is correct.
Ifl(full load current)
Full load copper loss
= 80 W
Core loss = 50 W

(high voltage side)

Rpu = 0.02 pu and X pu = 0.06 pu
R= 0.02 X 40 = 0.8
X = 0.06 X 40 = 2.4
(referred to high voltage side)

Iron loss does not depend up on the load and it remains constant so, iron loss at half load = 500 W
Full load copper loss = Pc (fl) = 6400 W
Copper loss at half load=
pc(fl)
lor

Voltage regulation
.....(1)
at leading power factor
Hence, option (d) is correct.
S,B
an
ga
Voltage regulation
.......(2)
at lagging power factor
From equation (1), zero voltage regulation is possible at leading power factor.
IE

Due to reduction in the conductor material, Autotransformer has a lower value of ohmic resistance. A part of
the winding being common, leakage flux and therefore leakage reactance is less. Therefore,
Autotransformer has superior voltage regulation.
hence , option (d) is correct.
Capacity of V-V connection

Three phase connection Phase difference possible
(i) Star-Star 00, 1800
(ii) Star-Delta 300
(iii) Delta-Delta 00, 1800
(iv) Delta-Zigzag 00, 1800
Hence , option (b) is correct.


Absolute essential conditions :
(i) The same polarity
(ii) The same phase sequence
(iii) The relative phase displacement rest of the conditions are desirable.
Hence, option (c) is correct.

X/R ratio should be same. A difference in this ratio results in divergence of the phase angle of the two
currents, so that one transformer will be operating with a higher and the other with a lower power factor
than that of the total output, as a result the given load is not proportionally shared.
Hence, option (c) is correct..
ga
lor

For the exciting current to be same, the flux in the core should be constant as
IE

From OC test
Poc = p i = 150 W
From SC test
P cu = 200 W
P cu at half load
S,B
an

Magnetic flux in magnetic circuit is similar to the electric current in electric circuit similarly mmf is equivalent
to emf, reluctance is resistance and permeability is conductivity in electric circuit..

The open circuit test is used to obtain
-> Core losses or iron losses.
-> Magnitude of exciting current.


Zero-sequence currents exist only if there are physical ground current paths in the circuit..
When primary in star, neutral not grounded; secondary in star, neutral grounded, the zero sequence current
will be present in the transformer windings.
IE
S,B
an
ga

Lamination is provide to reduce eddy current losses.
Pe = ke B2 f2 t2
lor

Silicon steel --> Used in power transformer.
Ferrites --> Used in high frequency transformer
Alnico --> Permanent magnets.


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Institute of Engineering Studies (IES,Bangalore)

Leading Institute for GATE/IES/JTO/PSUs in (Branches @ Jayanagar &Malleshwaram) Bangalore.

Branch :-Total Questions :107

Total Time :--

Total Marks :--

Common Data for Q1 and Q2 is given below

) in kW, under full load operation are

2) What is the maximum efficiency (in %) at unity pf load ?

3)Ina transformer , zero voltage regulation at full load is

[A] not possible

The transformer connection will be represented by

6) It is desired to measure parameters of 230V/115 V, 2 kVA, single-phase transformer . The following

The induced emf(

) in the secondary winding as a function of time will be of the form

watts . The copper loss at full

[B] magnetic non-linearity

For Free Online tests/Materials Register at www.gateiespsu.com & Site: www.onlineies.com

13)Assertion (A): Transformer is not used in a d.c line

[A] Both A and R are true and R is the correct

[B] Both A and R are true but R is not the correct

[A] Both A and R are true and R is the correct

[B] Both A and R are true but R is not the correct

[C]A is true and R is false

[D]A is false but R is true

[A] A-2, B-3, C-4, D-1

[B] A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3

For Free Online tests/Materials Register at www.gateiespsu.com & Site: www.onlineies.com

[A] A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2

[B] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3

19)The flux through each turn of a 100 turn coil is

m wb, when t is in seconds. The induced emf at t

[B] 206 A, 8.5 kW

[B] series resistance with a low value

For Free Online tests/Materials Register at www.gateiespsu.com & Site: www.onlineies.com

24)match List-I(Transformer) with List-II(Voltage ratio)and select the correct answer

[B] A-4, B-2, C-1, D-3

[C]A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

[D]A-2, B-4, C-3, D-1

[A] 3200 W and 2500 W

[B] 3200 W and 5200 W

30)Match List-I with List-II with select the correct answer

[B] A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1

For Free Online tests/Materials Register at www.gateiespsu.com & Site: www.onlineies.com

[B] 0.8 ohm and 2.4 ohm

The line-to-line voltage ratio of star/delta connection is given by

[A] 484.5KVA and 315.5KVA

[B] 315.5KVA and 484.5KVA

[A] Both A and r are true and R is the correct

[B] Both A and r are true but R is not the current

[A] Both a and R are true and R is the correct

36)The use of higher flux density in the transformer design

[B] Increase the weight per KVA

37)The fun of coil in a transformer is to provide

[B] Protection against lightning

For Free Online tests/Materials Register at www.gateiespsu.com & Site: www.onlineies.com

[B] leakage reactnace

[A] Both A and R are true and R is the correct

[B] Both A and R are true but R is not the correct

[A] The power factor of the two transformers will be

[B] Transformers will get overloaded

[C]Dead short circuit occurs

[D]The transformer with higher per unit impedance

[A] Peaked Peaked