Hydrology Lab Work

Soil samples, rock specimen, boring logs, geology video tapes are provided in the lab for study.
S No.
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EXPERIMENT
Introduction to Basic Hydrology Apparatus

To determine the vapour pressure deficit and relative humidity for the given data and
also to draw the graphs between EA& T and ES& T.
Rainfall distribution map of Pakistan.

2
3
4

To check the inconsistency of precipitation record and to make necessary adjustment

to make it consistent.
To Determine the Average Precipitation by Thiessen Polygon Method.

Investigation of effects of the conditions of the catchment area and its slope on the
rainfall runoff relationship.

Simulation of Multiple and Moving Storms

Effect of Interflow on the Runoff Hydrograph

Cone of Depression for Single Well

In the above mentioned lab experiments the only apparatus used is Basic Hydrology
Apparatus. Please read 1.1 below for list of experiments performed with Basic hydrology
apparatus.

Basic Hydrology Apparatus

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION
The Basic Hydrology Apparatus enables many hydrology phenomena to be studied in the
laboratory. The apparatus consists of a large stainless steel tank which is filled with graded sand
to form the catchment and experimental area. The sand bed can be elevated up to 1:40 by means
of worm jacks. Rainfall is provided by two sets of four special spray nozzles, each set being
independently controlled. The apparatus is self-contained unit for studying basic hydrology. The
tank upper walls are transparent. Valve control of the nozzles varies the lag time on the
hydrograph to simulate moving storm.
The compartments at each end of the tank are connected to the catchment area by wire mesh to
allow flow between the compartment and the catchment. Two wells with valve control are also
providing at the middle of the tank. Twenty pressure tapings along the orthogonal axes of the
tank to measure water table profile by a manometer bank. A metal frame supports the tank and
houses a storage tank. Water is drawn from the storage tank by pump and separately supplied to
the overhead nozzles and/or the two end compartments via a flow meter and piping and valve

control. Run-off from the catchment is measured by a calibrated rectangular weir or returns
directly to the storage tank.
1.1. Typical Tests
1. Investigation of rainfall / runoff relationships for dry, saturated and impermeable
catchments of various slopes for surface runoff.
2. Effect of interflow on outflow hydrograph.
3. Simulation of multiple and moving storms.
4. Cone of depression for single well and interaction of cones of depression for two adjacent
wells.
5. De-watering of excavation sites by use of wells.
6. Flow from a well in confined aquifer.
7. Demonstration of watersheds for a simulated island with rainfall and well flows.
8. Sediment transport and meanders in simulated rivers.
1.2. Technical Data
Tank 100 cm wide x 220 cm long x 22.5 cm high
Inclination 0.3%
End compartment 2 ea. with stainless steel mesh partition.
Well 2 ea. with stainless steel mesh sleeve.
Spray nozzle 2 banks of 4 nozzles with separate shutoff valves
Storage Tank Approx. 300 1itres
Flow meter Variable area, up to 35 LPM
Manometer 20 tubes x 200 mm x 1 mm graduation
Calibrated weir 2-20 LPM
Upper walls Clear acrylic
Accessories
Rectangular ring
Circular ring
Confined aquifer
Cylindrical pier
Pump 0.37 kW
Power Supply 220 V, 1 ph., 50 Hz.