The technology which is used in past days and also

invented in past days is called indigenous

technology. It also may be known as Traditional
Technology. Traditional technology would be the
things like handicraft that were made before modern
equipments or technology like computer , smart phones etc.
invented. The traditional technology went through a long-run
process which can be seen in well-preserved old buildings
with a variety of types and forms. They are the information
and experiences held by local people unique to their sociocultural and economic pattern . The knowledge is the basis
for local level decision making in agriculture , healthcare ,
food preparation ,environmental care , educational
exchange , socialization activities and so forth . It is also
applied in their daily life to improve or maintain their

livelihood . These traditional knowledge and technologies

have played a significant role in the overall socio-economic
development of the communities.
Technology is an applied science . It is the application of
knowledge for pratical use . Some technologies are referred
to as a traditional because Nepalese communities have used
them for several generations and are very often transferred
by apprentice or verbally. Some examples of traditional
technology are pagoda housing design ; surki and bajra
plaster technology, fired brick technology, wood carving and
weaving , carpet making , pottery , dhiki ,Chaki , tuwin ,
Ghatta (Watermill) etc. and many others. Indigenous
Knowledge is also part of our traditional knowledge (TK).
World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) has
identified traditional knowledge as highly valuable
intellectual property of LCDs and developing countries . It
has developed significantly in short period of time, there are

many parts, especially the rural areas that are still far
behind when it comes to getting to see, let alone use the
products and results of the technological advancement.
There still are many remote areas in Nepal where people
have not even seen a motor car or a bus. Modern grinders,
blenders are a far cry in such areas . It is invented with the
motive of making our works easier, these machines help us
finish our work in less than half of the time used otherwise.
Although the modern households and house wives have
these facilities of using electronic blenders and grinders to
grind any ingredient or item, the women in rural areas still
use the traditional forms. Although it could be found no
more in the cities (apart from museums or for
demonstrations) these traditional grinders could be seen in
some of the town areas in Nepal. These grinders are usually
made up of stone, wood and metal (iron).

The names of traditional technology are as follows ;

Dhiki

Tuwin

Janto

Ghatta

Chaki

Wood carving

Carpet making

Metal casting

Distillery

Natural dyes

Plough

Chulo

Drip irrigation

Chulo

Water harvesting

Plough

The importance of indigenous technology is very

meaningful because of the following reasons ;

It is a cultural identity of local communities .

It contains valuable information not only for

specific community but also
useful for
whole Nation and the international community .
It is very easy to handle, manage and apply
locally for social and economic benefits of
local
people .
It is a very fertile area for the cultivation of
research and development work (R and D works) of
advance technology.

 It provides us sample opportunity to promote

ecotourism and cultural tourism .
The
codification
and
documentation
of
indigenous knowledge and technology might help to
defend LCDs against unreasonable patenting and
monopolizing the knowledge by the people of
advanced countries.
It provides opportunities for sharing the
resources and benefit for community welfare and
socio economic development.
It is used for the exploitation of water resources
in rural areas of developing countries .

 It provide invaluable knowledge and aid in

making best use of natural resources in watershed
management.

It can be kept as a memorable.

They have low capital intensity, whatever capital

is built up (like bunds, terraces, wells) are
laboresque.
They focus on improving quality of management
and materials(land tools etc)

A tool used for extraction of grains is called dhiki.

Dhiki is very
popular in Nepal because it
is also one of the traditional technology
and was built on past time . Nowadays
Dhiki is not used in some developed
places so we many people have not seen
how it is used. Dhiki is mostly used in rural
areas and also in terai region and Himalayan
region.This tool was used as a major tool because it
could perform a lot of activities like extraction of rice,
beaten rice, et cetera .Dhiki (Nepali: ) is a
traditional Nepalese rice (millet etc.) beater used in
villages. The manual wooden thresher 'Dhiki' is made
up of wood and works like lever but instead used for
grinding. The framework consists of fulcrum having two
pillars on each side, an effort area (where one of the

person stands on the long thick plank of wood making

effort at every interval), A long and thick plank of
horizontal wood which has a small vertical extension
that goes into a hole made on ground. It is in this hole
that the grains or dry chillies are kept to transform
them into powder. The other person usually sits at this
area to keep grains in the hole in coordination with the
effort applied on the other side. They very well be
cautious and communicating as a wrong movement
especially in the side of the person keeping grains can
cause an accident of grinding their own hand. We need
two person a time for doing such activities, one for
pressing and DHIKI and another one for keeping grains
into the hole and processing. The processing is done
with the help of teeth provided in the DHIKI. The teeth
press the food in the hole and outputs. The final output

is extracted by human manually unlike latest

technology. This process is continued until we finish our
raw grain. In addition to this, we can see some baskets,
raw material for making baskets. The baskets are made
from bamboo and villagers generate a lot of income by
making baskets at village .

Modern technology has made the

requirement for information flow to be
quick and effective. We have been able
to achieve this through the internet; the
medium i.e the internet has facilitated each of us, by

making the communication cheap and fast. News for

U.K is available in the Australia as soon as it's on the
media, accessible by millions at one time. The growth
of the internet is a necessity nowadays. Now internet,
where people choose to spend a major part of their day
has brought social communities where people can chat,
message, share beliefs, extract information, share
information about things they are interested in. The
internet being the centre of usage for millions of users
every day, thus it also appears to be a medium for
brands and products
to
advertise, but this
advertisement is different from the advertisement we
see otherwise. This advertisement takes into account
that the information flow is fast and inspired by people
more than the advertising agencies. So let us see how
social networking became the part of our lives.

According to Hermeking (2006) the spread of modern

technology, including information and communication
technology (ICT), is commonly regarded both as an
indicator of the postmodern era of globalization and as
the very precondition for that era of intensive
worldwide interactions of people and exchanges of
goods, services, information, and capital. On the
contrary Hoffman (Hoffman et al., 1995) believes that
the popularity of the WWW as a commercial medium (in
contrast to other networks on the Internet) is due to its
ability to facilitate global sharing of information and
resources, and its potential to provide an efficient
channel for advertising, marketing, and even direct
distribution of certain goods and information services.
The last ten years of the century brought the innovative
technology - Internet. As predicted by Newman (1991)

Internet: Altered the meaning of geographic distance.

Allowed the huge increase in the volume of
communication. Provided the possibility of increasing
the speed of communication. Provided opportunities for
interactive communication.

Air conditioning (often referred to as AC, A.C., or A/C) is

the process of removing heat from a confined space,
thus cooling the air, and removing humidity. This
process is used to achieve a more comfortable interior
environments, typically for humans or animals;
however, air conditioners are also used to cool rooms
filled with heat-producing electronic devices, such as

computer servers or power amplifiers. Air conditioners

often use a fan to distribute the conditioned air to an
occupied space such as a building or a car to improve
thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Electric
refrigerant-based AC units range from small units that
can cool a small bedroom, which can be carried by a
single adult to massive units installed on the roof of
office towers that can cool an entire building. The
cooling is typically achieved through a refrigeration
cycle, but sometimes evaporation or free cooling is
used. Air conditioning systems can also be made based
on desiccants. (chemicals which remove moisture from
the air. In the most general sense, air conditioning can
refer to any form of technology that modifies the
condition of air (heating, cooling, (de-)humidification,
cleaning, ventilation, or air movement). In common

usage, though, "air conditioning" refers to systems

which cool air. In construction, a complete system of
heating, ventilation, and air conditioning is referred to
as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. Modern air
conditioning emerged from advances in chemistry
during the 19th century, and the first large-scale
electrical air conditioning was invented and used in
1902 by American inventor Willis Carrier. In 1902, the
first modern electrical air conditioning unit was
invented by Willis Carrier in Buffalo, New York. After
graduating from Cornell University, Carrier found a job
at the Buffalo Forge Company. While there, he began
experimenting with air conditioning as a way to solve
an application problem for the Sackett- Wilhelms
Lithographing and Publishing Company in Brooklyn,

New York. The first air conditioner, designed and built in

Buffalo by Carrier, began working on 17 July 1902.

They are rather electronic based.

They are very efficient and fast.
They often carry one or more intellectual property
rights.
They are light naturated technologies.
Their system is complicated.
They are easy to operate.

They makes our work easier.

Some of them are fuel based.
They may be harmful.

Computer
Geyser

Gas

Solar Panel

Water mill

Air conditioner
Washing machine

Air Conditioner

Tuwin

 Geyser
Solar water heater
Solar lamp
Refrigerator
Automatic Teller Machine
Solar Energy
Smart Phones
Computer
Ipad
Tractor
Vehicle
Watch

 Telephone
Mac book
Torch
Bulb
Camera
Self Balancing Unicycle
Single handed barber

Name
of
Manufacturing
the
Company
Products

Price

Wai Wai

Chaudhary Group

Rs 18

Ata
Noodles

Patanjali

Rs 30

Sudha ghee Patanjali

Rs 450

Mobiles

Gionee

Rs 10,000
30.000

Laptop

Dell

Rs 85,000

Television

Panasonic

to

Rs 35,000 to 1
lakh

Refrigerator

Samsung

Rs
20,000
50,000

Biscuits

Chaudhary

Rs 10

Cheese ball

Chaudhary

Rs 20

Chips

Pokhara
supply

food Rs 30
100

,50

to

and

Contents

Page no.

Introduction
on 1,2
Indigenous Technology
Names of Indigenous 3,4
Technology
Importance

5,6

Introduction on dhiki

7,8

Introduction
on 9,10
modern technology
Introduction
conditioner

on

Unique Features

Air 11,12
13 , 14

At last , I want to say again thanks to our subject

teacher for giving us this golden opportunity and
also for helping us to know about these technologies
. I have learn many things from this project work
such as definitions ,examples , importance , and
also about many equipment . I have also learn
about many products and their manufacturing
company. If I had done any mistake while doing this
project work then please forgive me .