Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
Exercise of Profession
General Rule: Both can engage in any lawful
enterprise or profession WITHOUT the
consent of the other.
Exception: The other spouse may object only
on valid, serious and moral grounds.
In case of disagreement, court shall decide
whether or not the objection is proper and the
benefit accrued to the family prior to the
objection or thereafter.
Commencement
It commences at the precise moment of the
celebration of the marriage. (Art. 88 for ACP
and 107 for CPG)
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3.
4.
5.
6.
Requisites: (COB)
1.
Made before celebration of marriage
2.
In consideration of marriage
3.
In favor of one or both of the future
spouses
Additionally, in case of donation on
one of the would be spouses: (MOAC)
a. There must be a valid MS
stipulating a property regime other
than ACP
b. Donation in MS not more than
one-fifth (1/5) of present property
Limitation does not apply if
DPN is not included in MS but
contained in separate deed;
general rules on donation apply
subject to limitation that no person
may give/ receive by way of
donation more than he may
give/receive by will
c. Accepted by would be spouse
d. Complies with requisites in Title II
of Book II of Civil Code on
Donations
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Exceptions:
1.
Moderate gifts on occasions of family
celebrations
2.
Donations mortis causa
Note: This rule also applies to persons living
together as husband and wife without a valid
marriage (Art.87).
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Exceptions:
1. In case of disagreement, husbands
decision shall prevail subject to the
recourse to the court by the wife for a
proper remedy within 5 years from date of
contract implementing such decision
2. In case one spouse is incapacitated or
unable to participate in the administration
of the common properties, the other
spouse may assume sole powers of
administration (Art. 96).
These powers do NOT include:
a. Disposition
b. Encumbrance
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Disposition of CPG
A wifes consent to the husbands disposition
of conjugal property does not always have to
be explicit or set forth in any particular
document, so long as it is shown by the acts of
the wife that such consent was indeed given
(Pelayo v. CA, G.R. No. 141323 June 8, 2005).
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4.
5.
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3.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
solidarily
liable
with
separate
properties
For CPG, must first reimburse spouse
for separate property acquired by CP
due to increased value thereof as a
result of improvements thereon
Delivery to each spouse of his/her
separate property if any
For CPG, unless owner indemnified from
whatever source, payment of loss or
deterioration of movables belonging to
either spouse that was used for the benefit
of the family
Division of net assets (for ACP) or net
profits (CPG), which are subject to
forfeiture
Delivery of presumptive legitime, if any, to
the children
For CPG, adjudication of conjugal dwelling
and lot
Separation of Property
Takes place if expressly provided for in the MS
or by judicial order after the marriage (Art.
134)
It may refer to present or future property or
both, total or partial. If partial, ACP shall
govern properties not agreed upon as
separate. (Art. 144)
Separation of property may be effected
voluntarily or for sufficient cause, subject to
judicial approval.
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Property
Marriage
Regime
Art. 147
of
Unions
without
Art. 148
Applicability
The following must
In cases of cohabitation
concur:
not falling under Art. 147.
1. Parties who are
Parties do not have the
capacitated to
capacity to marry due to
marry each other
some legal impediments
2. Live exclusively
(i.e.
adulterous
with each other as relationships
and
husband and wife
marriages which are
3. Without benefit of bigamous,
incestuous,
marriage or under or void by reason of
void marriage
public policy under Art.
38)
Salaries and Wages
Owned in equal shares Separately owned by the
parties. If any of them is
married, his/her salary is
the property of the CPG
of
the
legitimate
marriage
Property Acquired By Either Exclusively By
Own Funds
Belongs to such party Belongs to such party
subject to proof of
acquisition
by
exclusive funds
Property Acquired by Both through their
Work/Industry
Governed by rules on Owned by them in
co-ownership
common in proportion to
respective contributions
Property Acquired While Living Together
Presumed
to
be No presumption of joint
obtained by their joint acquisition. When there
efforts,
work,
or is evidence of joint
industry and shall be acquisition but none as
owned by them in to the extent of actual
equal shares. Efforts in contribution, there is a
care and maintenance presumption of equal
of
family
and sharing
household considered
contribution
in
acquisition.
Forfeiture
When only 1 of parties 1. If one of parties is
to void marriage is in
validly married to
good faith, share of
another, his or her
party in bad faith in the
share in the coco-ownership shall be
ownership
shall
forfeited:
accrue to the CP or
1. In favor of their
CPG existing in such
common children.
valid marriage.
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3.
In case of default
or waiver by any
or all common
children or their
descendants each
vacant share shall
belong
to
respective
surviving
descendants
In their absence,
to the innocent
party.
THE FAMILY
Family Home
It is constituted jointly by the husband and wife
or by an unmarried head of a family; is the
dwelling house where they and their family
reside, and the land on which it is situated.
(Art. 152)
General Rule: The family home is exempt
from execution, forced sale or attachment.
Exceptions: (PLMN)
1. Debts incurred prior to constitution;
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Guidelines:
1. Constituted on the dwelling house of the
family and the land on which house is
situated
2. Deemed constituted from time of actual
occupation as a family residence
3. Must be owned by person constituting it
(may be either or both spouses or the
single head of a family)
4. Must be permanent
5. Rule applies to valid and voidable and
even to commonlaw spouses under
Articles 147 and 148
6. Continues despite death of one or both
spouses or unmarried head of the family
for 10 years, or as long as a minor
beneficiary lives therein (Art. 159).
Beneficiaries are:
a. Husband and wife or unmarried
person who is head of family
b. Their
parents,
ascendants,
descendant, brothers and sisters,
legitimate or illegitimate, who are living
in the family home and depend upon
head of family for legal support (Art.
153)
c. In-laws, provided the home is jointly
constituted by husband and wife
(Manacop vs. CA, G.R. No. 102855
November 13, 1992)
Conceived or born
before the judgment of
annulment or absolute
nullity of marriage if
ground is psychological
incapacity (Art. 54)
Born in a subsequent
void marriage due to
failure to comply with
Art. 52 and 53 (Art. 54)
Product of artificial
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Illegitimate
Children
Illegitimate
Conceived and born
outside a valid marriage
or inside a void ab initio
marriage
such
as
bigamous
and
incestuous
marriages
and marriage declared
void for being contrary
to law and public policy
(Art. 165)
Born after the decree of
annulment of a voidable
marriage
insemination provided
both
spouses
authorized or ratified
such procedure in a
written
instrument,
executed and signed
before birth of child and
recorded (Art. 164)
Conceived or born of
mothers who might
have declared against
its legitimacy or was
sentenced
as
an
adulteress (Art. 167)
Legally Adopted
Legitimated: conceived
and born outside of
wedlock of parents
without impediment at
the time of conception
and had subsequently
married
Prescriptive Periods:
One year, from knowledge of birth or recording
in the civil register, if husband or heirs live in
the SAME city/municipality
1. Two years, if both reside in the Philippines.
2. Three years, if the childs birth took place
or was recorded in the Philippines while
the husband has his residence abroad, or
Proof of Filiation
General Rule: Filiation of legitimate (or
illegitimate) children is established by any of
the following: (RA)
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Notes:
Continuous does not mean that the
concession of status shall continue forever
but only that it shall not be of an intermittent
character while it is continuous. The
possession of such status means that, the
father has treated the child as his own,
directly
and
not
through
others,
spontaneously, and without concealment,
though without publicity. There must be a
showing of permanent intention of the
supposed father to consider the child as his
own by continuous and clear manifestation
of paternal affection and care (Mendoza vs.
CA, G.R. No. 86302 September 24, 1991).
Rights of Children
Legitimate
right
to
claim
for
status
is
Illegitimate
R.A. 9255
An Act Allowing Illegitimate Children to use the
surname of their Father, amending for the
purpose Article 176 of EO No. 209, otherwise
known as the "FAMILY CODE OF THE
NOT
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ADOPTION
Domestic Adoption Act of 1998 (R.A. 8552)
Who may adopt: (CLEPONG)
1. Filipino Citizen:
a. Of legal age
b. In a position to support and care for
his/her children in keeping with the
means of the family
c. Good moral character
d. In possession of full civil capacity or
legal rights
e. At least 16 years older than the
adoptee, except when:
i.
Adopter is the biological parent of
the adoptee
ii.
Adopter is the spouse of the
adoptees parent
f. Has not been convicted of any crime
involving moral turpitude
g. Emotionally
and
psychologically
capable of caring for children
2. Alien (CLEPONG-DELLS)
a. Same qualifications as a Filipino
b. Country has diplomatic relations with
the Phil.
c. Has been living in the Phil. for at least
three (3) continuous years prior to the
application for adoption and maintains
such residence until the adoption
decree is entered, except when
i. A former Filipino citizen seeks to
adopt a relative within the 4 th
degree of consanguinity or affinity
ii. One who seeks to adopt the
legitimate son/daughter of his/her
Filipino spouse
iii. One who is married to a Filipino
citizen and seeks to adopt jointly
with his/her spouse a relative
within
the
4th
degree
of
consanguinity or affinity of the
Filipino spouse
d. Certified to have legal capacity to
adopt by his/her diplomatic or consular
office but certification may be waived
in the same instances for waiver of
residency requirement in (c)
e. Certified by said office that his
government allows the adoptee to
enter his country as his adopted child
3. Guardian (TC)
a. After termination of the guardianship,
with respect to the ward, and
b. Clearance
of
his/her
financial
accountabilities
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more imprisonment
2. Found guilty of an attempt against the life
of
the
testator,
his/her
spouse,
descendants or ascendants
3. Causes the testator to make or changes a
testators
will
through
violence,
intimidation, fraud or undue influence
4. Maltreatment of the testator by word or
deed
5. Conviction of a crime which carries the
penalty of civil interdiction
6. Adultery or concubinage with testators
spouse
7. Refusal without justifiable cause to support
the parent or ascendant
8. leads a dishonorable or disgraceful life.
Effects: (PAROS)
1. Parental authority of adoptees biological
parents or legal custody of DSWD shall be
restored if adoptee is still a minor or
incapacitated.
2. Reciprocal rights and obligations of the
adopter(s) and the adoptee to each other
shall be extinguished.
3. Amended certificate of birth of the adoptee
shall be cancelled and its original shall be
restored.
4. Succession rights shall revert to their
status prior to the adoption, but vested
rights shall not be affected.
Grounds: (ASAR)
1.
Attempt on the life of the adoptee
2.
Sexual assault or violence
3.
Abandonment and failure to comply
with parental obligations
4.
Repeated
physical
or
verbal
maltreatment by the adopter despite
having undergone counseling
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Notes:
1.
If the preadoptive relationship is
found unsatisfactory by the child or the
applicant or both, or if the foreign adoption
agency finds that the continued placement
of the child is not in the childs best
interest, said relationship shall be
suspended by the Board and the foreign
adoption agency shall arrange for the
childs temporary care.
2.
If a satisfactory preadoptive
relationship is formed between the
applicant and the child, the Board shall
submit the written consent to the adoption
to the foreign adoption agency within 30
days after receipt of the latters request.
3.
A copy of the final decree of
adoption of the child, including certificate
of citizenship/naturalization whenever
applicable, shall be transmitted by the
foreign adoption agency to the Board
within 1 month after its issuance.
Presumption of Illegal Adoption: (CPEN)
1.
Consent for adoption was acquired
through or attended by coercion, fraud,
improper material inducement
2.
Procedures and safeguards provided
by law for adoption were not complied with
3.
Has exposed or subjected the child to
be adopted to danger, abuse or
exploitation
4.
No authority to effect adoption from
the Board
For a comprehensive discussion of the
procedural aspects of adoption, please refer to
A.M. No. 020602SC or the Remedial Law
Memory Aid.
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SUPPORT
Support comprises everything indispensable
for sustenance, dwelling, clothing, medical
attendance, education and transportation in
keeping with the financial capacity of the
family (Art. 194).
Kinds: (LJC)
1. Legal one required or given by law;
2. Judicial required by the court to be given
whether pendente lite or in a final
judgment;
3. Conventional given by agreement.
Characteristics: (MR P2INE)
1. Personal
2. Intransmissible
3. Not subject to waiver or compensation
4. Exempt from attachment or execution
5. Reciprocal on the part of those who are by
law bound to support each other
6. Provisional character of support judgment
7. Mandatory
Entitled to support to
the full extent under Art. 194 except
when the need for support of the
brother or sister, being of age, is due
to a cause imputable to claimants
fault (Art. 196)
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Liability
Vicarious Liability or Imputed Negligence
-Parents and other persons exercising PA shall
be civilly liable for injuries and damages
caused by acts or omissions of their
unemancipated children living in their
company and under their PA subject to
appropriate defenses provided by law. (Art.
221)
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Profectitious
Child
is
also
the Parents
are
usufructuary, but the usufructuary
childs
use
of
the
property
shall
be
secondary
to
the
collective daily needs of
the family
the
Temporary
Appointment
of
general guardian
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Domicile
For the exercise of civil rights and the
fulfillment of civil obligations, the domicile of
natural persons is the place of their habitual
residence. (Art. 50 NCC)
Where a juridical person is created by law but
does not state its domicile, it is understood
that its domicile is the place where its legal
representation is made or where it exercises
its principal functions. (Art. 51 NCC)
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Domicile
Denotes
a
fixed
permanent
residence,
which when absent, one
has the intention of
returning
There can only be one
place of domicile
It is residence coupled
with intention to remain
for an unlimited time
Kinds of Domicile
1.
Domicile of origin Given by law to a
person at birth.
Can only be lost
2.
Domicile of choice the domicile
freely chosen by a person sui juris.
3.
Constructive domicile assigned to a
child by law after his birth on account of a
legal disability like minority, insanity, etc.
Without Administrator
With Administrator
Presumption of Death
(Arts. 390 to 392, NCC)
Ordinary Absence
a.
b.
FUNERALS
General Guidelines:
1.
Duty and right to make arrangement
for funerals is in accordance with right and
duty to support under Article 199, FC (Art.
305 NCC)
2.
The funeral shall be in keeping with
the social position of the deceased (Art.
306 NCC)
3.
The funeral shall be in accordance
with the expressed wishes of the
deceased
a. In the absence of the expressed
wishes, his religious beliefs or
affiliation shall determine funeral rites
b. In case of doubt, the persons in Art.
199, FC shall decide, after consulting
other members of the family (Art. 307
NCC)
4.
Any person who disrespects the dead
or allows the same or wrongfully interferes
with a funeral shall be liable for damages
(Art. 309 NCC)
5.
If the deceased is married, the
tombstone or mausoleum is deemed a
part of the funeral expense and
chargeable against ACP or CPG (Art. 310
NCC)
c.
After absence of 7
YEARS,
person
presumed dead for
all purposes except
for those of opening
succession
Absence
of
10
YEARS,
person
presumed dead for
purposes of opening
succession except if
he disappeared after
the age of 75, in
which case, a period
of
5
years
is
sufficient
Absence
of
4
YEARS,
person
presumed dead for
purposes
of
remarriage of the
spouse present
Extraordinary/
Qualified Absence
For
all
purposes
including
those
of
opening succession, a
period of 4 YEARS, and
for
purposes
of
remarriage
of
the
spouse
present,
a
period of 2 YEARS, are
sufficient under the
following
circumstances:
a. Person on board a
vessel lost during
a sea voyage or
an airplane which
is missing; period
is counted from
the loss of the
vessel or airplane
b. Person
in
the
armed forces who
had taken part in
war
c. Person in danger
of death under
other
circumstances and
his existence has
not been known
ABSENCE
ABSENCE is the legal status of a person who
has absented himself from his domicile and
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