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Attentat clause
A political offence exception (or exemption) is a proviso
which limits the obligation of a sovereign state under
an extradition or mutual legal assistance treaty or statute. Such
provisos allow the state whose assistance has been requested
("the requested party") to refuse to hand over a suspect to
or to gather evidence on behalf of another state ("the
requesting party"), if the requested party's competent
authority determines that the requesting party seeks assistance
in order to prosecute an offence of a political character.
Under the clause, it is not political offense to murder or make
an attempt at the life of the head of state and consequently, the
perpetrator is subject to extradition
Uti Possidetis
A term used in International
Law to indicate that the parties to a particular treaty are to re
tain possession of that which they forcibly seized during a war.
A treaty ending a war may adopt the principle of uti possidetis,
the principle of status quo ante bellum (Latin for "the state of
things before the war"), or a combination of the two. Upon a
default of any treaty stipulation, the doctrine of uti possidetis
prevails.
Effective occupation is the control of free newly
discovered[1] territory exercised by a power with no sovereign
title to the land, whether in defiance or absence of a proper
sovereign.
Effective Occupation is a principle in international law that
territory and other property remains with its possessor at the
end of a conflict, unless otherwise provided for by treaty.
Territorial sea. This is measured 12 nautical miles from the
baseline, the coastal state is free to set laws, regulate use, and
use any resource. Vessels were given the right of innocent
passage through any territorial waters, with strategic straits
allowing the passage of military craft as transit passage, in that
naval vessels are allowed to maintain postures that would be
illegal in territorial waters.
Statelessness
In international law, statelessness is the lack of citizenship.
A stateless person is someone who is "not considered as a
national by any state under the operation of its law".
Some stateless persons are also refugees.
Reparation
It is a principle of international law that the breach of an
engagement involves an obligation to make reparation in an
adequate form." (1) Reparation is a principle of law that has
existed for centuries, referring to the obligation of a
wrongdoing party to redress the damage caused to the injured
party.
Torture
For the purpose of this Convention, the term "torture" means
any act by which severe pain or suffering, whether physical or
mental, is intentionally inflicted on a person for such purposes
as obtaining from him, or a third person, information or
a confession, punishing him for an act he or a third person has
committed or is suspected of having committed,
or intimidating or coercing him or a third person, or for any
reason based on discrimination of any kind, when such pain or
suffering is inflicted by or at the instigation of or with the
consent or acquiescence of a public official or other person
acting in an official capacity.
IHL v HR
LECTURES: AUGUST 30
Geneva convention of 1949