PUNCH POINTS

ASME Sec. V - Non destructive Examinations .

(DAY 4)

A.

General :

1.

ASME Sec. V. gives methods and requirements for conducting NDT.

It becomes applicable only if referred by the other referencing codes.

2.

The user of Sec. V. Code is responsible for following.

a. Getting NDT personnel properly certified.
b. All NDT examinations require written procedures.
c. All NDT equipments shall be as per Sec. V.
d. Equipments shall be calibrated as required by Sec.V.
e. Records retention.

B.

RT Examination :

3.

For RT Examination, either hole type or wire type IQI shall be used.

4.

A radiograph is considered satisfactory, if it is within the density limits

and has required IQI image. For hole type 2 T hole and for wire type
the designated wire image shall be seen.

5.

Density limitation :
2 to 4 for Gamma Rays.
18 to 4 for X rays.
Density variation permitted = +30% to - 15%

6.

Selection of IQI is based on weld thickness plus the weld

reinforcement. Thickness of backing strip is excluded.

7.

IQI is normally placed on Source side unless inaccessibility prevents

it. They IQI may be placed on Film side and a Lead letter F shall be
put adjacent to it.

8.

Hole IQI may be placed on or near the weld. Wire IQI is placed on the
weld with wires perpendicular to the weld axis.

9.

Double wall double image technique is suitable for pipes up to 3.5"

OD.

10.

Back scatter shall be avoided. If light image of Lead Letter - B is seen

on dark background then the backscatter is excessive and radiograph
shall be rejected.

C.

PT Examination.

11.

For conducting PT on certain materials, the contaminants shall be

controlled as follows.
a. For Nickel and its alloy : Sulpher content not to exceed 1% of
residue.
b. For Austenitic S.S. Duplex S.S. and Titanium content of chlorine
plus Florien shall not exceed 1% of residue.

12.

Two type of penetrates (visible and Fluorescent) can be used. For

excess penetrate removal 3 methods are used for visible and
fluorescent.
-

Water washable

Post Emulsifying.

Solvent Removable.

This results in total 6 techniques.

13.

PT is normally conducted between temperatures 50 0 to 1250 F (100 to

520 C). For below or above this range special penitents shall be used

and the dwell time should be worked at using quenched Aluminum

blocks.
14.

After applying the developer, interpretation shall be done within 10 to

60 minutes.

15.

Intermixing of penetrate material from different families (i.e. visible &

fluorescent) or penetrate materials from different manufacturers are
not permitted.

D.

MT Examination :

16.

The

Magnetic

Particle

Examination

can

be

performed

on

Ferromagnetic materials for finding surface and near surface defects.

Drug or wet Iron powder and visible, or fluorescent powder is used.
17.

Prod Technique used Direct current. The distance between prods

shall be 3 inches to 8 inches. This is suitable for finding surface and
near surface defects.

18.

Yoke technique is suitable for surface defects only and can use A.C.,
D.C. or permanent magnet.

19.

Ammeter on instrument shall be calibrated annually by comparing 3

current readings with a standard Ammeter, and permitted tolerance is
+ 10% of full scale.

20.

For yoke, the electromagnetic yokes shall be calibrated annually by

checking lifting power.
A.C. yoke shall lift 10 pounds (4.5 kg.)
D.C. yoke shall lift 40 pounds (18 kg.)

21.

Lifting power of permanent magnet yoke shall be checked daily prior

to use by lifting 40 pounds (18 kg) weight.

22.

Examination is performed in two perpendicular directions.

E.

UT Examination :

23.

Pulse - Echo contact method is used for finding thickness and

laminations.

24

In Direct contact (single element) method is not suitable for smaller

thickness hence delay line method is used which uses a delay block
to delay the echo.

25.

In delay line, end of delay is made to coincide with Zero thickness on

CRT.

26.

Dual Search units are also used using two crystals one for sending
pulse and other for receiving echo. On smaller thickness this method
results in vee-error which needs correction.

27.

For thick section measurement use of multiple echo technique is

made. The calibration block chosen is smaller thickness which will
permit standardizing the full-sweep distance to adequate accuracy on
CRT.

28.

For measurement at high temperatures thickness correction is

needed. A positive error of 1% per 1000 F increase in results.

PUNCH POINTS
API RP 574 Inspection Practices for Piping System Components
( DAY 4)
1. The two most common carbon steel piping materials used in the petrochemical
industry are ASTM A53 and A106.
2. A gate valve consists of a body that contains a gate that interrupts flow. The gate
valve is normally used in fully open or fully closed position.
3. Full ported gate valves shall be used on the pipelines which are to be pigged.
4. A globe valve, which is commonly used to regulate fluid flow, consists of a valve
body that contains a circular disc that moves parallel to the disc axis and
contacts the seat.
5. A plug valve consists of a tapered or cylindrical plug fitted snugly into a
correspondingly shaped seat in the valve body. It is a quarter turn valve which
opens or closes by quarter turn of the spindle.
6. A diaphragm valve is a valve that contains a diaphragm made of a flexible
material that functions as both a closure and a seal. These valves are used for
low temperature corrosive service.
7. A butterfly valve consists of a disc mounted on a stem in the flow path

of

process fluid.
8. A check valve is used to automatically prevent back flow. The most common
types of check valves are swing, lift-piston, ball, and spring-loaded wafer check
valves.