Bridging 100 Worksheets

Exclusivo do(a) Docente
Bridging
110 WORKSHEETS
BRIDGES
Ingls 11 Ano
Celeste Simes / Helena Oliveira
INCLUI
110 fichas fotocopiveis para utilizar em sala
de aula, divididas em trs grandes blocos:
CLIL,
temas e contedos que fazem
a ponte com outras reas curriculares
Literature, Music, Cinema & Speaking Activities
para aprofundamento da cultura
de lngua inglesa
Inclusion,
estratgias de aprendizagem, destinadas a todos
os tipos de alunos/as
ndice
CLIL CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING
Geology ..........................................................................................................................................
Biology ............................................................................................................................................
Geography ....................................................................................................................................
13
Physics...........................................................................................................................................
17
Chemistry .....................................................................................................................................
21
Mathematics .............................................................................................................................. 25
Arts .................................................................................................................................................... 29
Economics ................................................................................................................................... 33
Philosophy ................................................................................................................................... 37
History.............................................................................................................................................
41
Portuguese Literature .......................................................................................................... 46

Physical Education ................................................................................................................
51
LITERATURE, MUSIC, CINEMA, SPEAKING ACTIVITIES

Literature....................................................................................................................................... 57
Music ............................................................................................................................................... 72
Cinema ............................................................................................................................................ 87
Speaking Activities ................................................................................................................ 102
INCLUSION
Inclusion ....................................................................................................................................... 109
ANSWER KEY ......................................................................................................................................... 119
CONTENT
AND LANGUAGE
INTEGRATED
LEARNING
Geology
Biology
Geography
Physics
Chemistry
Mathematics
Arts
Economics
Philosophy
History
Portuguese Literature
Physical Education
pp. 05-08
pp. 09-12
pp. 13-16
pp. 17-20
pp. 21-24
pp. 25-28
pp. 29-32
pp. 33-36
pp. 37-40
pp. 41-45
pp. 46-50
pp. 51-54
GEOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CLASS: _________________ No.: _________________ DATE: ________ /________ / ________ GRADE: ___________________
FAULTS
1.
A fault is a fracture along which the blocks of crust on either side have moved relative to one
another parallel to the fracture.
1.1 Write the words given in the correct place.
Thrust faults
Normal faults
Strike-slip faults
a. _______________________________________ are vertical (or nearly vertical) fractures where the blocks have
mostly moved horizontally.
b. _______________________________________ drop rock on one side of the fault down relative to the other side.
c. _______________________________________ are faults in which the rocks on the upper side of an inclined fault
plane have been displaced upwards, usually by compression; a reverse fault in which the fault plane is
inclined at an angle equal to or less than 45.
1.2 Label the following faults accordingly.
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
c. _____________________________________
5 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOLOGY
2
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PALEOENVIRONMENTS
1.
Complete the text below with the words given.
microfossils
melting
pollutant
paleoenvironmental
paleontology
predictive
One of the basic tenets of
(a)
future
environmental
organisms
past
geology
fossilized
humans
______________________ in the present is the key to the
In the present context this simply means that if we document the distribution of
today, and have some degree of understanding of what combination of
changes
(d)
(b)
(c)
coastal
______________________.
______________________
______________________variables
controls those distributions, then we can use this information to reconstruct past environments by using
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the (e) __________________________ representatives of the modern organisms as (f) __________________________

indicators. This classic use of
(g)
______________________, along with biostratigraphy, is of great signicance in
the search for oil and gas.

In recent years, however, with an increased awareness of how (h) ______________________ are aecting the
natural world, in many cases for the worst, micropaleontologists are increasingly turning that basic tenet
10
around to the past, which is now believed to be the key to the (i) ______________________. In other words, if we
can understand how organisms in the past responded to environmental (j) ______________________ then we
can use that information to predict how future natural or anthropogenic environmental change might aect
the Earths biota.
Interpreting paleoenvironments with microfossils is, therefore, a topic that demonstrates the
15
relevance of these aspects of
(k)
______________________. It shows how knowledge obtained via
study of modern organisms can be used to infer environmental conditions in the past. It also
demonstrates the (l) ______________________ side of science; for example, what might happen if a particular
(m)
(n)
20
______________________ is introduced to an estuary, or, on a much larger scale, what might happen to
______________________ ecosystems if sea-level rose as a result of anthropogenic global warming and
subsequent collapse and (o) ______________________ of polar ice sheets.

www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/fosrec/Culver.html (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
GEOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

Write the following words in the correct place.
Paleozoic
Cenozoic
Cambrian
Jurassic
Oligocene
Holocene
Permian
Devonian
Pliocene
Archean
c.
d.
b.
e.
f.
g.
h.
a.
1.
i.
j.
http://greenforecast.com/what-is-the-geologic-time-scale/ (adapted), accessed in January 2014
7 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOLOGY
4
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ENERGY QUIZ
1. Choose the correct option.
1.1 Energy resources that, once used, can replenish themselves and
can be used again and again are called:
r a. Non-renewable
r b. Renewable
r c. Finite
1.2 Energy resources that, once used, cannot be replaced are called:
r a. Non-renewable
r b. Renewable
r c. Innite
1.3 What are some renewable energy sources?
r a. Sun, wind, water, and biomass

r b. Sun, coal, and wind
r c. Wind, water, and oil
1.4 Which of the energy sources listed is NOT a renewable source of energy?
r a. Sun
r b. Wind
r c. Oil
1.5 What type of energy source is formed from fossilised plants and is found sandwiched between
other types of rock in the Earth?
r a. Oil
r b. Coal
r c. Nuclear
1.6 What happens to the atmosphere when fossil fuels are used?
r a. The fossil fuels go into the earth and cause earthquakes.

r b. The fossil fuels go into our water supply which poisons us.
r c. The Co released rises into the atmosphere, trapping solar rays.
2
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
BIOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
DNA & RNA

1.
2.
Label the following images using these expressions.

Structure of RNA (hairpin loop from pre-mRNA)
DNA helix structure
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
Complete the following text about the dierence between DNA and RNA using the words given.
deoxyribose
sugar
pentose
ribose
prime
methyl
molecule
thymine
uracil
helix
antiparallel
The main dierence between DNA and RNA is the (a) ______________________ present in the molecules.
While the sugar present in an RNA molecule is (b) ______________________ , the sugar present in a molecule of
DNA is (c) _____________________ . Deoxyribose is the same as ribose, except that the former has one more
OH. DNA does not usually exist as a single (d) _____________________ , but instead as a tightly-associated pair
5
of molecules. These two long strands entwine like vines, in the shape of a double (e) ___________________ . This
arrangement of DNA strands is called (f) _______________________ . The asymmetric ends of DNA strands
are referred to as the 5 (ve (g) _____________________ ) and 3 (three prime) ends. One of the
major dierences between DNA and RNA is the sugar, with 2-deoxyribose being replaced by the alternative
(h)
10
_____________________ sugar ribose in RNA. The four bases found in DNA are adenine (abbreviated A),
cytosine (C), guanine (G) and (i) _____________________ (T). A fth pyramidine base, called
(j)
_____________________ (U), usually takes the place of thymine in RNA and diers from thymine by
lacking a (k) _____________________ group on its ring.

www.dien.com/dierence/DNA_vs_RNA (adapted), accessed in January 2014
9 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BIOLOGY
6
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
LIFE CYCLES
1.
Write the following words in the correct place to complete the angiosperm life cycle diagram.
Egg
Meiosis
Sperm
Tube nucleus
Pollen tube
Endosperm
Mitosis
Filament
a. Stigma
Style
Microsporangium
Anther
b.
Ovary
Perianth
Petal: Corolla
Sepal: Calyx
c.Filament
Floral axis
Nectary
Macrospore
Ovule
Articulation
Pedicel
d.
MEIOSIS
e.
MITOSIS
Antipodal
Polar
nuclei
f.
Germinating seed
Seed coat
Egg
MEIOSIS
e.
MITOSIS
Microgametophyte
(pollen)
Embryo
h.
i.
d.
Generative Cell
Tube Cell
g.Endosperm
Synergid
Megametophyte
(Embryo sac)
Microspore
mother cell
Pollen tube
Sperm
Sperm
Pollen grain
Pollen tube
Tube nucleus
j.
Pollination and Fertilization
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
10
Stigma
Ovary
BIOLOGY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
KINGDOMS OF LIVING THINGS

1.
Match the kingdoms on the left with their structural organisation on the right.
Kingdoms
a. Monera
b. Protista
c. Fungi
d. Plantae
e. Animalia
Structural organisation
r
r
r
r
r
1. Multicellular lamentous form with specialised eukaryotic cells

2. Multicellular form with specialised eukaryotic cells; do not have their own means of
locomotion
3. Small, simple single prokaryotic cell (nucleus is not enclosed by a membrane); some
form chains or mats
4. Multicellular form with specialized eukaryotic cells; have their own means of
locomotion
5. Large, single eukaryotic cell (nucleus is enclosed by a membrane); some form chains
or colonies
2. In what kingdoms are these types of organisms included?

a. Mosses, ferns, woody and non-woody owering plants ______________________________________________________
b. Sponges, worms, insects, sh, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals _________________________________
c. Bacteria, blue-green algae, and spirochetes ___________________________________________________________________
d. Funguses, molds, mushrooms, yeasts, mildews, and smuts _________________________________________________
e. Protozoans and algae of various types _________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the method of nutrition in each kingdom? Write the name of the above kingdoms in the
correct places.
a. Absorb food _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. Photosynthesise food _____________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Absorb, ingest, and/or photosynthesise food __________________________________________________________________
d. Ingest food __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
11 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BIOLOGY
8
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1. Unscramble the words to nd the correct terms for these denitions.
a. The class of vertebrates that includes frogs, toads, and salamanders.
AAMIHPIB ____________________________________________________
b. Without oxygen.
CARNIOAEB __________________________________________________
c. The class of vertebrates that includes the sh that have skeletons
consisting of cartilage rather than bone. These are the sharks and rays.
CDONRSIHCHHYET ___________________________________________
d. Thread-like, gene-carrying bodies in the cell nucleus.
HCOROSMOESM _____________________________________________
e. The development of a similar anatomical feature in distinct species lines after divergence from a
common ancestor that did not have the initial trait that led to it. The common ancestor is usually
more distant in time than is the case with parallelism.
CNGNVEOREEC _______________________________________________
f.
The twisted ladder shape that is characteristic of DNA molecules.

UDBOEL EXHLI ________________________________________________
g. Proteins that cause or regulate specic chemical reactions within cells.

SEZNEMY _____________________________________________________
h. Referring to the classication system in use by the biological sciences today to classify all living
things. It was invented by Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century.
NLEINANA ____________________________________________________
i.
The animal phylum consisting of creatures that have soft unsegmented bodies that are usually,
but not always, enclosed in a hard shell. They also usually have at least one strong foot that helps
them move.
LMLACUSO ___________________________________________________
j.
The form and structure of an organism.

YOMGOPORLH ________________________________________________
k. Naming, describing, and classifying organisms into dierent categories on the basis of their
appearance and other diagnostic characteristics as well as their evolutionary relationships.
The biological sciences primarily use the Linnaean classication system for this purpose.
NTOXOYMA ___________________________________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
12
GEOGRAPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ABBREVIATIONS
1. What do the following abbreviations related to 2. Match them with their Portuguese
agriculture and trade institutions stand for?
equivalents.
a. ERDF ________________________________________
1. FEAGA
b. EAFRD ______________________________________
2. FSE
c. CAP _________________________________________
3. LEADER
d. EAGF ________________________________________
4. PAC
e. EAGGF ______________________________________
5. FEADER
f. ESF __________________________________________
6. OMC
g. LEADER _____________________________________
7. FEOGA
h. WTO _________________________________________
8. FEDER
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
3. What are their aims? Write the abbreviations in 1. in the correct place.
a. It is the agricultural policy of the European Union. It implements a system of agricultural subsidies
and other programmes. ___________________
b. It was a fund within the overall European Union budget for the nancing of the Common Agricultural
Policy. ___________________
c. Its aim is to increase the capacity of local rural community and business networks to build
knowledge and skills, and encourage innovation and co-operation in order to tackle local
development objectives. ___________________
d. It aims at strengthening the European Union rural development policy and simplifying its
implementation. ___________________
e. It deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade
ows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. ___________________
f. It nances direct payments to farmers under the Common Agricultural Policy and measures to
regulate agricultural markets such as intervention and export refunds. ___________________
g. It is the European Unions main nancial instrument for supporting employment in the member states
of the European Union as well as promoting economic and social cohesion. ___________________
h. It aims to promote economic and social cohesion by correcting the main regional imbalances and
participating in the development and conversion of regions, while ensuring synergy with assistance
from the other Structural Funds. ___________________
13 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOGRAPHY
10
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
URBAN SPACES QUIZ

1. Choose the correct option.
1.1 Urbanisation increases in direct proportion with:
r a. industrialisation
r b. crude birth rate
r c. zero population growth
1.2 Which is not an example of an urban function?
r a. Entertainment
r b. Administration
r c. River crossing
1.3 What is the meaning of the expression Urban Land use?
r a. How land is utilised within a city

r b. Open space where people can relax within cities
r c. Defensible situation
1.4 What is Urban Function?
r a. Open space where people can relax within cities

r b. Services that are provided in a certain urban area
r c. The most accessible sites in the city
1.5 What are recreational areas in a city?
r a. A part of the city where there are high levels of heavy or light industry
r b. Open space areas where people can relax within cities
r c. Residential areas
1.6 The most important factor for the development of cities was:
r a. Access to water
r b. A defensible situation
r c. An agricultural surplus
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
14
GEOGRAPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
11
THE LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA

1. Circle the correct option.
The Lisbon Metropolitan Area
10
15
In the 1980s, the eective (a) grow / growth of the Portuguese population was much (b) reduce / reduced.
However, a megalopolitan region (c) is / are emerging along the coast, caused by the demographic evolution
of multiple urban settlements. The percentage of population living in large conurbations (> 50,000
inhabitants), has increased in Continental Portugal due to the growing population concentrations in Porto,
Braga, Coimbra and Lisbon. In the same period, there has also (d) been / be a growth of population in
(e)
many / much urban centers with more (f) than / then 10,000 inhabitants. Beyond the direct peripheries
of the Lisbon Metropolitan Area (AML) and the Metropolitan Area of Porto (AMP), these centres are
primarily located along the coast: Fafe, Guimares, Santo Tirso, So Joo da Madeira, Aveiro, lhavo, Ovar,
Figueira da Foz, Leiria, Marinha Grande, Caldas da Rainha, Torres Vedras, Entroncamento, Tomar, Torres
Novas, Santarm. (g) Despite / though the overall population growth of the Metropolitan Area of Lisbon
has, on the whole, stabilised in the last decade, the towns in its immediate interior have seen the
(h)
quicker / quickest and most marked growth of all Continental Portugal. Between 1981 and 1991, the AML
grew in importance compared with the total population: in a country with about 10 million inhabitants,
about 2.5 million are concentrated in (i) this / these area. Apart from manufacturing, service activities
(j)
also are / are also concentrated here: commerce, banks, insurance, social and personal services. The
AML presently supports more than 60% of all the employment in Continental Portugal in these sectors.
The City-Region of Lisbon or AML is a recent (k) phenomenon / phenomena. With a total area of
3,122 km2 it currently (l) includes / include 18 Municipalities, the majority of (m) which / who still had, a
few years (n) last / ago, a predominantly rural character. But from the (o) sixteen / sixties onwards, there has
been an enormous urban spread.
www.igeo.pt/servicos/DPCA/biblioteca/pdf/AMB_27_32.pdf (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
15 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
GEOGRAPHY
12
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ICT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES

1. Read the following text.
The ICT behind cities of the future

Smart Cities are an innovative concept that can improve peoples lives, while also helping the
planet. The communications industry has the experience and capabilities to make city living
more ecient.
5
10
15
Cities are growing like never before. Already, 50 percent of the worlds people live in cities. Asia is home to
half of this population, and by 2025, more than 1.3 billion people will be added to urban areas, with nearly
400 million in India and China alone. Smart Cities will help make this growth sustainable. The concept
uses information and communications technology (ICT) to improve the services that support urban
dwelling security, healthcare, and transport for citizens; improved and more cost eective power supply
for industries; remote working and e-commerce for businesses; and entertainment and communications
for individuals. Smart City technology can also help to reduce the environmental impact of urbanization.
ICT can be used to monitor energy consumption and emissions across sectors, to improve accountability
in the use of energy and carbon. It can oer new ways of operating, learning, living, working and travelling,
and help apply smart and integrated approaches to the energy management of systems and processes. With
these tools, the ICT sector could reduce its own CO2 emissions signicantly as well as gain nancial benets
in the form of new business. ICT can create huge savings of approximately 600 billion through improved
energy eciency across all sectors. The concept is already being put into action in several emerging markets,
notably in China, India and the Middle East.
http://ec.europa.eu/digital-agenda, accessed in January 2014
2. In groups, create your own Smart City. Think about the planning and management (public safety,
smarter buildings and urban planning), infrastructure (energy and water, environmental solutions
and transportation) and human services (social programs, healthcare and education). Present your
project to the school community.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
16
PHYSICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
13
FAMOUS PHYSICISTS
1. Choose the correct option to answer these questions.
1.1 Who is the person in the picture?
r a. Descartes
r b. Einstein
r c. Isaac Newton
1.2 What nationality was he?
r a. American
r b. Australian
r c. English
1.3 What were his major interests?
r a. Physics and biology

r b. Calculus and physics
r c. Maths and art
1.4 What is he famous for?
r a. He is considered the archetype of the Renaissance Man

r b. He is a key gure in the scientic revolution
r c. He is considered The Father of Modern Philosophy
1.5 What did he invent?
r a. The radio
r b. The telephone
r c. A reecting telescope
1.6 What important laws did he put forth?
r a. The Laws of Motion

r b. The Laws of Thermodynamics
r c. The Theory of Relativity
17 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICS
14
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
LAWS OF MOTION
1. Identify the following laws of motion. Use the words given.
1st Law of Motion
2nd Law of Motion
3rd Law of Motion
a. The relationship between an objects mass m, its acceleration a, and the applied force F is F = ma.
Acceleration and force are vectors (as indicated by their symbols being displayed with an arrow);
in this law the direction of the force vector is the same as the direction of the acceleration vector.
______________________________________
b. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. ______________________________________

c. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external
force is applied to it. ______________________________________
2. What other name does the 1st Law of Motion have?

3. Label these three images according to the laws they represent.
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
18
c. _____________________________________
PHYSICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
15
TYPES OF WAVES
1. Complete the following text using the words given.
particles
medium
disturbances
types
energy
propagation
characteristics
original
wave
travel
interactions
At the simplest level, waves are (a) _____________ that propagate energy through a (b) ______________ .
Propagation of the energy depends on (c) ___________________________ between the particles that make up
the medium. (d) _____________________________ move as the waves pass through but there is no net motion of
particles. This means that once a (e) ______________________________ has passed the particles return to their
5
(f)
(g)
_____________________ position. As a result, _____________________ , not matter, is propagated by waves.
Dierent types of waves exhibit specic (h) _______________________ . These characteristics are used to
distinguish between wave (i) __________________________ . Orientation of particle motion relative to the
direction of energy (j) _______________________ is one way waves are characterised. A second way that waves
are characterised is by the types of matter they are able to (k) _______________________ through.
http://scienceprimer.com/(adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
2. Match the types of waves on the left with their denitions on the right.
Types of Waves
a. Electromagnetic wave
b. Mechanical wave
r
r
Denitions
1. A wave that is not capable of transmitting its energy through
a vacuum. Example: sound.
2. A wave that is capable of transmitting its energy through
a vacuum (i.e., empty space). Example: light.
19 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICS
16
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BIG BANG THEORY

1. Choose the correct option to complete the following text.
The Big Bang
10
The night sky presents the viewer with a picture of a calm and unchanging Universe. So the
(a)
(b)
__________________ discovery by __________________ that the Universe is in fact expanding at enormous
speed was revolutionary. Hubble noted that galaxies outside our own (c) __________________ were all moving
away from us, each at a speed proportional to its distance from us. He quickly realized what this meant: that
there must have been an instant in time (now known to be about (d) __________________ billion years ago)
when the entire Universe was contained in a single point in space. The Universe must have been born in this
single violent event which came to be known as the (e) __________________ .
Astronomers combine mathematical models with observations to develop workable theories of how the
Universe came to be. The mathematical underpinnings of the Big Bang theory include (f) _________________s
general theory of relativity along with standard theories of fundamental particles. Today NASA spacecraft
such as the Hubble Space (g) __________________ and the Spitzer Space Telescope continue Edwin Hubbles
work of measuring the expansion of the (h) __________________ . One of the goals has long been to decide
whether the Universe will expand forever, or whether it will someday stop, turn around, and collapse in a
Big Crunch
http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-powered-the-big-bang/ (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
a.
1929
1930
1939
b.
Edward Hubble
Edwin Hubble
Edwin Gobble
c.
Moon
Earth
Milky Way
d.
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14
e.
Big Bang
Big Ben
Bang Ben
f.
Albert Einstein
Isaac Newton
Villebrord Snell
g.
Microphone
Telephone
Telescope
h.
Milky Way
Universe
Sun
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
20
CHEMISTRY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
17
ACIDS
1. Write the formulas of the following acids in the correct place.
HI
HNO3
H2S
HF
H2SO4
H3PO3
HCIO
H2C2O4
HCIO4
HNO2
H2SO3
HCIO3
H3BO3
HC2H3O2
H2CO3
H2SiO3
H3PO4
HCIO2
HBr
HCI
a. Hydrouoric acid ____________________

b. Hydrochloric acid ___________________
c. Hydrobromic acid ___________________
d. Hydroiodic acid _____________________
e. Hydrosulfuric acid __________________
f. Nitric acid ____________________________
g. Nitrous acid _________________________
h. Hypochlorous acid _________________
i. Chlorous acid ________________________
j. Chloric acid ___________________________
k. Perchloric acid ______________________
l. Sulfuric acid __________________________
m. Sulfurous acid ______________________
n. Phosphoric acid ____________________
o. Phosphorous acid __________________
p. Carbonic acid _______________________
q. Acetic acid __________________________
r. Oxalic acid ____________________________
s. Boric acid ____________________________
t. Silicic acid ___________________________
2. Identify the weak acids in the above list.

21 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CHEMISTRY
18
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BASES
1. Write these expressions in the correct place.
Strong bases
Weak bases
a. _____________________ dissociate 100% into the cation and OH- (hydroxide ion). The hydroxides of the
Group I and Group II metals are usually considered to be such bases.
b. Examples of _____________________ include ammonia, NH3 and diethylamine, (CH3CH2)2NH. They do not
furnish OH- ions by dissociation. Instead, they react with water to generate OH- ions.
2. Identify the strong and weak bases. Tick () the right column.
Strong bases
a. ammonia
b. ammonium hydroxide
c. barium hydroxide
d. sodium hydroxide
e. methylamine
f. potassium hydroxide
g. pyridine
3. Match the formulas on the left with the bases on the right.
Formulas
a. NaOH
b. KOH
c. Ba(OH)2
d. NH3
e. CH3NH2
f. C5H5N
g. NH4OH
PHOTOCOPIABLE
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
Bases
1. potassium hydroxide
2. ammonium hydroxide
3. barium hydroxide
4. methylamine
5. pyridine
6. sodium hydroxide
7. ammonia
22
Weak bases
CHEMISTRY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
19
ACID RAIN
1. Write the following expressions in the correct place.
Atmosphere
Water table
Fossil fuel
Nitric acid emission
Lake acidication
Cloudwater
Wind
Water course
Sulfuric acid emission
Acid snow
Leaching
Acid rain
Soil
Sulfur dioxide emission
Nitrogen oxide emission
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
n.
o.
23 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
CHEMISTRY
20
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
OXIDATION-REDUCTION QUIZ
1. Choose the correct answer to these questions.
1.1 Of the following, which would most likely be an oxidising agent?
r a. K
r b. Ag
r c. C12
1.2 Of the following, which would most likely be a reducing agent?
r a. K
r b. Ag
r c. C12
1.3 What do you call the substance that gains electrons?
r a. Oxidising agent
r b. Reducing agent
r c. Redox agent
1.4 What is another name for oxidation-reduction reaction?
r a. Chemical reaction
r b. Neutralisation reaction
r c. Redox reaction
1.5 What are the oxidation numbers of the atoms in HNO3?
r a. H: +1, N: +5, O: -2
r b. H: 1, N: 5, O: 2
r c. H: +1, N: -5, O: +2
1.6 For the following example, identify the oxidising agent: Na^+1 + Cl^-1 --> NaCl
r a. Na^+1
r b. Cl^-1
r c. both
1.7 In which substance does phosphorus have a +3 oxidation state?
r a. P4O10
r b. KH2PO3
r c. Ca3(PO4)2
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
24
MATHEMATICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
21
TRIGONOMETRY TIPS
1. Read the following tips that will help you better understand trigonometry.
a. You dont have to calculate both tangent and cotangent. You can calculate the tangent and then
copy the column from the bottom up.
1
b. Do not leave irrational numbers in the denominator. For example, tan30 =
. Dont leave it that
3
V
V3
.
way. Instead, write it like
3
c. The formulae (formula) for nding angle and sides of triangle can be easily remembered using the
sentence - Old Harry And His Old Aunt.
Sin (V) = Old/Harry = Opposite/Hypotenuse
Cos (V) = And/His = Adjacent/Hypotenuse
Tan (V) = Old/Aunt = Opposite/Adjacent
d. If measure of an angle is given in degree, then to convert into radians, multiply the measure of an
U
and, if the measure of an angle is given in radians, then to convert it into degree, write
angle by
180
180 at the place of U.
e. Trigonometric ratios of any angle are always constant.
f. Sin 15 =
V3 1
2V2
25 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATHEMATICS
22
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY IN REAL LIFE

1. Look at the following images illustrating the applications of trigonometry in real life and write the
following subtitles in the correct place.
It is commonly used in nding the height of towers and mountains.
It is used in navigation to nd the distance of the shore from a point in the sea.
It is used in nding the distance between celestial bodies.
The sine and cosine functions are fundamental to the theory of periodic functions such as those
that describe sound and light waves.
Quieter
Louder
Saturn
C
a
Deeper pitch
Higher pitch
Earth
a.
b.
C
ht
Sig
f
eo
Lin
Angle of Elevation
B
D
c.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
d.
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
26
A
c
Sun
MATHEMATICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
23
GEOMETRY GLOSSARY
Match the following symbols with their meanings.
Symbols
a. *
b. m*ABC
c.
d.
1.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j. Y
k. ]
l. ~
m. { }
n.
o.
p. a E b
Meanings
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
1.
perpendicular
2. pi
3. a circle
4. parallel
5. a 90 degree angle; a right angle
6. implies
7.
the symbol for degrees
8. congruent
9. if and only if
10. parallel lines
11. not
12. an angle
13. a is an element in b
14. set markers
15. a null set
16. the measure of angle ABC
27 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
MATHEMATICS
24
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CALCULUS GLOSSARY
1. Complete the crossword puzzle below.
12
1
7
11
10
8
Across
1. A limit; its extent only goes so far, and then it
Down
7. The highest point on a graph, especially over a
stops or ends.
2. It employs derivatives and algebra to solve for

variables that represent functions.
3. Often represented with an arrow, it is a quantity

with both magnitude (size) and direction.
4 A vector in physics, it has both magnitude
11. When its sum approaches a limit.

12. An integral with no limits of integration; it can
5. Approaching zero in size.

6. A line (or curve) that a function approaches
be thought of as an antiderivative.
without actually reaching the line as the

domain either grows unbounded or approaches
a limit.
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
8. Having no bounds or boundary.

9. To approach a limit.
10. A bound beyond which functions may not
realize.
(speed) and direction.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
specied domain. It is the greatest value of f(x)

over a dened interval of x, provided y = f(x).
28
ARTS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
25
MATERIAL PROPERTIES QUIZ

1. Choose the correct answer to these questions.
1.1 Why couldnt you use a plastic towel?
r a. It would be too bendy.

r b. It wouldnt be absorbent.
r c. It wouldnt conduct heat.
1.2 Why wouldnt you sit on a glass chair?
r a. It might shatter.
r b. It wouldnt be absorbent.
r c. It would be transparent.
1.3 Where do metals come from?
r a. From trees.
r b. From bres woven together.
r c. From rocks called ores.
1.4 How is glass made?
r a. By heating sand.
r b. By mashing up wood from trees.
r c. By weaving bres together.
1.5 Which spoon is it safer to stir very hot soup with?
r a. A metal spoon.
r b. A wooden spoon.
r c. A paper spoon.
1.6 Material A is stretchy but not absorbent. Material B is very absorbent but does not stretch. Which
makes the best swimwear?
r a. Both Material A and Material B make good swimwear.

r b. Material B.
r c. Material A.
www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks2/science/materials/material_properties/quiz/q19446681/ (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
29 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ARTS
26
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
TYPES OF PAPERS
1.
Circle the correct options from the words in bold in the following text.
Tips on choosing papers

Paper is made from (a)
pressed into sheets. The (b) expensive paper will be 100% rag
bers, cotton or linen; (c) expensive are only part rag, and part chemically treated wood pulp.
There are (d) common types of pressed paper: hot-press, cold-press and rough.
The rst one, (e) , has a smoother nish and comes in various
5
(f)

. Smooth paper will allow ne detail work as well as (g)
blending, but
doesnt have enough grain or tooth to hold pastels, colored chalks or charcoal.
Cold-press rough paper has a coarser nish (as implied by the name). Papers with (h) grain, or
tooth will give you (i)
values because they will hold more graphite, and are ideal for pastel
and charcoal drawings.
10
The papers (j)

will generally determine its thickness and density. Using a heavier 90lb weight
or more will usually allow (k) tolerance for repeated erasing and will accept some wash work
without buckling the paper, depending on the weight.
Using an acid-free archival paper will ensure your drawings (l)
withstand the test of time.
Do not use your (m) paper for sketching out your ideas. Use newsprint or lesser grade drawing
15
pads for this. Reserve your good paper for your (n)

drawings.
www.wetcanvas.com/Articles2/3698/520/ (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
30
ARTS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
27
COLOURS
1.
Write these colours under the right columns.

Cadmium red
Terre verte
Lead-tin yellow
Burnt sienna
Titanium white
Vandyke brown
Ivory black
Cobalt violet
Dragons blood
Manganese violet
Lead white
Sap green
Lampblack
Indigo
Bone brown
Vermilion
French ultramarine
Barium yellow
Zinc white
Lapis lazuli
Verdigris
Cadmium yellow
Yellow ocher
Bone black
Emerald green
Cremnitz white
Tyrian purple
Caput mortuum
Azurite
Bistre
Carmine
REDS
YELLOWS
GREENS
BLUES
PURPLES
BROWNS
BLACKS
WHITES
Sinopsia
Gold
Chrysocolla
Smalt
Tyrian
purple
Bistre
Vine black
Permalba
31 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ARTS
28
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CD BOOKLET
1. Create a CD booklet for your favourite band/singer or a CD of songs you have collected.
Important Tips:
CD booklets often include
a. The booklet cover, with the name of the band, artist or artists and the title of the CD;
b. The booklet contents, including
lyrics, with the name of the person who wrote it;
photos of the artist or band;
names of all the people who worked on the CD;
names of the people the artist wishes to thank.
Dont forget:
Pick a photograph or drawing for your cover. Use a picture of the performer or band, or pick an
image that gives a feeling for the music. Covers give you a clear representation of what the
content will be and sell you on the content by looking great itself;
Add the title of your CD. You can choose the name of one of the songs on the CD or come up with
a new name that ts the music;
Add text and graphics to the inside of your booklet, just as you did for the cover.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
32
ECONOMICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
29
ECONOMIC TERMS GLOSSARY

1.
Find these words in the word search puzzle.

Benet
Capital
Entrepreneur
Consumers
Deation
Goods
Households
Demand
Market
Economic System
Resources
Services
1.1 What is the meaning of the above words? Look it up in your English dictionary.
33 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ECONOMICS
30
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
CIRCULAR FLOW OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

1.
What is the circular ow of economic activity?

1.1 What other name is it known by?
2.
Complete the following diagram with the words below.

Households
Wages
Capital
Income
a.
Revenue
Firms
Revenue
Spending
Goods Market
Goods and Services
Goods and Services
b. Firms
Households
c.
d.
Land, Labor, Capital
Factors
Factors Market
e.
Wages
and Rent
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
34
f. Income
ECONOMICS
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
31
GOVERNMENT BUDGET
1.
Underline the correct words to complete the following text.
What is a Budget?
Meaning and Concept
A government (a) has/is having several policies to implement in the overall task of performing (b) its/its
functions to (c) met/meet the objectives of social & economic (d) grow/growth. In implementing (e) these/
this policies, it has to spend a huge amount of funds on defence, administration, development, welfare
projects & various other operations. It is therefore necessary to nd out (f) all/whole possible sources
of (g) get/getting funds (h) so that/so as to sucient revenue can be generated to meet the mounting
expenditure. The planning process of assessing revenue & expenditure is (i) term/termed Budget. The
term is derived from the French word Budgette (j) whose/which means a leather bag or a wallet. It is
a statement of the nancial plan of the government. It (k) shows/show the income & expenditure of the
government during a nancial year, which (l) runs/rans generally from 1stApril to 31st March. The budget is
the (m) more/most important information document of the government.
2.
Complete the following graph of the main components or parts of a government budget. Use the
words given.
Tax
Revenue
Capital
Receipts
Budget
Government
a.
c.
b.
Budget
Revenue
Receipts
e.
Direct Tax
Revenue
Budget
Revenue
Expenditure
Capital
d.
Capital
Expenditure
Non-Tax
Revenue
Indirect Tax
35 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ECONOMICS
32
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE PORTUGUESE GOVERNMENT BUDGET

1.
Look at the following table of the Portuguese Government Budget.

1.1 Join in groups and analyse it.
These words may help you:
decit;
GDP (Gross Domestic Product);
highest;
lowest.
1.2 Share your analysis with the rest of your classmates.
PORT
TUGAL GOVERNMENT
GOV
VERNMEN
V
NT
T BUDGET
T
PORTUGAL
Percentaaage of the GD
DP
D
Percentage
GDP
-2
-4
-2
-3.1
-3.4
-4
-3.6
-4.1
-4.3
6
-6
-6
-6.1
-6.4
-8
-8
-10
-10.2
-12
2004
-10
-9.8
-12
2006
2008
2010
2012
www.tradingeconomics.com/portugal/government-budget, accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
36
PHILOSOPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
33
ARGUMENTATION
1.
Write the words Proposition, Validity, Truth, Premise and Argument in the correct place.
a. ____________________________________ is the quality of scholarship being used to support the arguments
being made.
b. The goal of an ____________________________________ is to oer good reasons in support of your conclusion,
reasons that all parties to your dispute can accept.
c. In an argument or debate, a ____________________________________ is a statement that arms or denies
something.
d. A ____________________________________ is a proposition upon which an argument is based or from which
a conclusion is drawn.
e. ____________________________________ is the complete accuracy of propositions, statements, sentences,
assertions, and beliefs.
2.
To test the validity of an argument, we use a three-step process. Write the steps in the correct
order.
a. If the truth table has a row where the conclusion column is FALSE while every premise column
is TRUE, then the argument is INVALID. Otherwise, the argument is VALID.
r
r
r
b. Make a truth table that has a column for each premise and a column for the conclusion.
c. Symbolise each premise and the conclusion.
3.
Complete the following statements with the words given.

valid
invalid
premises
false
true
proof
logically
a. An argument is _________________________________ if and only if the ______________________________

provide conclusive __________________________________ for its conclusion.
b. An argument is ____________________________________ if and only if it is ________________________________
possible for the conclusion to be ____________________________________ even though every premise is
assumed to be ____________________________________ .
37 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHILOSOPHY
34
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
VALIDITY OF ARGUMENTS
1.
Write these titles in the correct place in the table.

False Premises, True Conclusion
True Premises, False Conclusion
False Premises, False Conclusion
True Premises, True Conclusion
a.
0.
Valid
1.
Invalid
Impossible: no valid argument can have true premises and a false conclusion.
Cats are mammals.
Dogs are mammals.
Therefore, dogs are cats.
b.
Cats are mammals.
2.
Valid
Tigers are cats.

Therefore, tigers are mammals.
Cats are mammals.
3.
Invalid
Tigers are mammals.

Therefore, tigers are cats.
c.
Dogs are cats.
4.
Valid
Cats are birds.

Therefore, dogs are birds.
Cats are birds.
5.
Invalid
Dogs are birds.

Therefore, dogs are cats.
d.
Cats are birds.
6.
Valid
Birds are mammals.

Therefore, cats are mammals.
Cats are birds.
7.
Invalid
Tigers are birds.

Therefore, tigers are cats.
http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/courses/log/tru-val.htm (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
38
PHILOSOPHY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
35
SCIENCE & PHILOSOPHY

In groups, read the following cartoons and discuss the nature of science and philosophy.
Rationally speaking cartoon
1.
39 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHILOSOPHY
36
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PHILOSOPHY & POLITICS

1.
Join in groups.
1.1 Your group has broken away from one of the major political parties in your country because of a single
issue.
1.2 Choose the issue:
the role of the armed forces;
taxes;
trade;
jobs;
the environment;
business regulation;
education;
health care;
technology;
transportation;

1.3 Create a philosophy statement, and then list ve to six goals your party will have.
1.4 Create a political poster for your party.
2.
Present your party to the other groups.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
40
HISTORY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
37
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION QUIZ

1.
How much do you know about the Scientic Revolution? Choose the correct answer to the
following questions.
1.1 Who wrote De revolutionibus orbium coelestium?
r a. Nicolaus Copernicus
r b. Francis Bacon
r c. Andreas Vesalius
1.2 Who is considered one of the fathers of surgery?
r a. Lavoisier
r b. Kepler
r c. Ambroise Par
1.3 When did Kepler live?
r a. 15101590
r b. 15711630
r c. 15781657
1.4 Who was the rst person to use a microscope to view bacteria?
r a. Matteo Realdo Colombo

r b. Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
r c. William Harvey
1.5 Who created the three laws of motion?
r a. Blaise Pascal
r b. Einstein
r c. Isaac Newton
1.6 Who was Pierre Fauchard?
r a. A 17 century physician
r b. A 17 century astronomer
r c. An 18 century physician
th
th
th
1.7 Who is the sentence I think, therefore I am attributed to?
r a. Aristotle
r b. Plato
r c. Descartes
41 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
HISTORY
38
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE

1.
Complete the text with words below.

Caribbean
Atlantic Ocean
near-monopoly
union
First
Spanish
Portuguese
British
European
ethnic
captives
Second
New world
The Atlantic slave trade took place across the (a) __________________ , predominantly from the 16th to the 19th
centuries. The vast majority of slaves transported to the (b) __________________ were Africans from the
central and western parts of the continent, sold by native African tribes to (c) __________________ slave
traders who then transported them to the colonies in North and South America. Various African tribes
played a fundamental role in the slave trade by selling their (d) __________________ or prisoners of war to
European buyers, which was a common practice on the continent. The prisoners and captives who
were sold to the Europeans were usually from neighbouring or enemy (e) __________________ groups,
and therefore not considered part of the African group dealing with the European slavers.
The (f) __________________ Atlantic system is a term used to characterise the (g) __________________ and
Spanish African slave trade to the South American colonies in the 16th century, which lasted until 1580,
when Portugal was temporarily united with Spain. While the Portuguese traded enslaved people
themselves, the (h) __________________ empire relied on the asiento system, awarding merchants (mostly
from other countries) the license to trade enslaved people to their colonies. During the First Atlantic
system, most of these traders were Portuguese, giving them a (i) __________________ during the era, although
some Dutch, English, and French traders also participated in the slave trade. After the (j) __________________
with Spain, Portugal was prohibited from directly engaging in the slave trade as a carrier, and so ceded
control over the trade to the Dutch, British and French.
The (k) __________________ Atlantic system, from the 17th through early 19th centuries, was the trade of
enslaved Africans that was dominated by (l) __________________ , French, and Dutch merchants. Most
Africans sold into slavery during the Second Atlantic system were sent to the (m) __________________ sugar
islands, as European nations developed economically slave-dependent colonies through sugar cultivation.
It is estimated that more than half of the slave trade took place during the 18th century, with the British as
the biggest transporters of slaves across the Atlantic.
www.boundless.com/u-s-history/slavery-freedom-and-the-struggle-for-empire-1750-1763/slavery-in-the-colonies/the-triangular-trade/ (adapted and abridged),
accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
42
HISTORY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
39
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION

1.
Find the dates for some of the most important events of the American Revolution.
Events
a. Signing of the Treaty of Paris
b. Sugar Act
c. Adoption of the American Constitution
d. Boston Massacre
e. British troops arrive in Boston in response to political
unrest
f. British Government authorises peace negotiations

g. Stamp Act
h. France recognises US Independence
i. Ratication of the Articles of Confederation
j. Continental Congress appoints George Washington
commander-in-chief of Continental Army
3.
r
r
r
r
r
1.
1764
2. 1782
3. 1787
4. 1781
5.
1773
6. 1763
r
r
r
r
r
7.
1768
8. 1775
9. 1765
10. 1770
11. 1778
k. Boston Tea Party
2. Write the events in 1.
Dates
the correct chronological order.
Match these events to their description.

Events
a. Stamp Act
b. Tea Act
c. Boston Tea Party
d. Battle of Bunker Hill
r
r
r
r
Description
1. Parliament exempted the East India Companys tea from import duties
and allowed the Company to sell its tea directly to the colonies.
2. American patriots disguised as Mohawk Indians dumped 9,000 of

East India Company tea into Boston harbour.
3. The rst major battle of the War of Independence.

4. Parliament required all legal documents, newspapers and
pamphlets to use watermarked, or stamped paper on
which a levy was placed.
43 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
HISTORY
40
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
HUMAN RIGHTS
1.
Read the following lyrics of a song by Blood on the Dance Floor and discuss the issues it deals
with, particularly human rights, the right to love, citizenship, among others.
The Right to Love
Every man, woman and child seeks equal
Open your mind to something big,
justice, equal opportunities, equal dignity.
step out of the world in which you live,
Without discrimination, regardless of race, sex,
realize we all have the right to love,
religion, sexual preference or social status.
FIGHT! FOR! LOVE!
When you were born, you were born with the

same human rights as everyone else.
10
30
You have the right to live, you were born free
put division to an end,
and equal to have freedom and choice of your
break free for the faith you believe in,
religion and the freedom of expression.
()
Liberty and justice for all,
All men and women are created equal...

35
United as one,
Hate is all alone, it makes you very small,
United as one!
We are one, and one for everyone

So take my hand, and open your heart to love.
()
40
superheroes.
Theyre people, kids, mothers, fathers,
a close mind will only make you weak.
teachers.
45
Free thinking individuals who refused to
()
be silent, who realize human rights are not
The only person you need to
history lessons, theyre not words on a page,
prove your love to
theyre not speeches or commercials or PR
is the person who feels the same about you.
campaigns.
Dont you think love is worth ghting for?
25
Those who ght today against torture,

poverty and discrimination, are not giants or
Love is kind, so put aside your hate,

Love is meek...
20
United as one we stand tall.

Liberty and justice for all,
Love is love, it lives through it all,
15
Stop the war,
50
They are choices we make every single day as
Dont you wanna live for something more?
human beings, theyre our responsibilities we
We all deserve the right to love,
all share, to respect each other, to help each
FIGHT! FOR! LOVE!
other, to protect those in need, UNITY.
www.azlyrics.com (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
44
HISTORY
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
41
MUSIC
1.
Who are these famous musicians? Write their names under the correct picture.
Zeca Afonso
Viana da Mota
Bach
Verdi
Schubert
Mozart
Domingos Bontempo
Beethoven
Wagner
a. __________________________
b. __________________________
c. __________________________
d. __________________________
e. __________________________
f. __________________________
g. __________________________
h. __________________________
i. __________________________
45 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PORTUGUESE LITERATURE
42
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
LITERARY TERMS & DEVICES

1.
Match each literary term/device to its correct denition.
Literary terms & Devices

a. Allegory
b. Alliteration
r
r
c. Asyndeton
d. Cacophony
e. Understatement
f. Hyperbole
g. Inversion
h. Litote
i. Metaphor
j. Personication
k. Pun
l. Chiasmus
r
r
r
r
r
Denitions
1. When a word is used in a manner to suggest two or more
possible meanings.
2. Practice in literature whereby the author purposely leaves

out conjunctions in the sentence, while maintaining the
grammatical accuracy of the phrase.
3. A gure of speech containing two phrases that are parallel

but inverted to each other.
4. A symbolism device where the meaning of a greater, often

abstract, concept is conveyed with the aid of a more
corporeal object or idea being used as an example.
5. Literary device wherein the author uses specic words

and phrases that exaggerate and overemphasise the basic
crux of the statement in order to produce a grander, more
noticeable eect.
6. The use of words and phrases that imply strong, harsh

sounds within the phrase.
7. Literary device where words are used in quick succession

and begin with letters belonging to the same sound group.
8. Figures of rhetoric speech that use an understated

statement of an armative by using a negative description.
9. The practice of changing the conventional placement of

words.
10. The practice of attaching human traits and characteristics

with inanimate objects, phenomena and animals.
11. The presentation of something as being smaller or less

good or important than it really is.
12. A meaning or identity ascribed to one subject by way of

another.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
46
PORTUGUESE
PORTUGUESE
LITERATURE
LITERA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
43
PORTUGUESE WRITERS
1.
Identify these Portuguese writers.
a. ______________________
e. ______________________
2.
b. ______________________
c. ______________________
f. ______________________
d. ______________________
g. ______________________
Who wrote what?

PORTUGUESE WRITER
a. Amor de Perdio
b. Lendas e Narrativas
c. Sonetos Completos
d. Sermo de Santo Antnio. Pregado na cidade
de S. Lus do Maranho, ano de 1654
e. Cnticos do Realismo
f. Os Maias
g. Frei Lus de Sousa
47 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
44
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
EA DE QUEIRS AND ENGLAND

1.
10
15
20
25
30
Underline the correct options from the words in bold.
Ea de Queirs (a) arrived/had arrived in Newcastle-on-Tyne,

(b)
where/whereas he was to take up the post of Portuguese
Consul, on the 30th of December 1874. It (c) was/is his rst trip
to England and his initial impression of the country was not
a favourable one. We must (d) primary/primarily look to
Cartas de Inglaterra (Letters from England), Crnicas de Londres
(Chronicles of London), Notas Contemporneas (Contemporary
Notes), Correspondncia (Correspondence) and other
non-ctional prose for rst-hand information about Eas
opinions of England and the English. Of all his ctional works, it
is Os Maias (The Maias) that oers us the (e) broadest/broader
vision of his more profound views of the country.
(f)
Although/However the novel idealises England as a model
civilisation and it oers an aspect of Eas vision of his temporary
home (g) which/who, ltered by his creativity and deepened by
the (h) novels/novels moralising and didactic objectives, does
not coincide with the opinions he expresses in the texts he wrote
in his own name. In the (i) latter/letter the English are described as being good tradesmen, meticulous and
demanding intellectuals, xenophobic tourists, ignorant of foreign languages and disdainful of everything
that is not British. Politically he (j) saw/sawed England as an imperialist country with eets that dominated
the seas, colonies on all ve continents, administrators everywhere and missionaries present in every kind
of tribe. To the Ea of this (k) journalist/journalistic or epistol prose, the English aristocracy was the
(l)
prouder/proudest and (m) most/more conceited in the world, while the middle classes were the most
practical and utilitarian that had ever (n) conducted/conduct the destiny of a nation. As far as religion was
concerned, the English were essentially Protestants who were incapable of even (o) imagine/imagining
an order that did not conform to their strict morality, while English homes were the (p) refuge/refugee
of families that supposed themselves to be the most Christian on the face of the planet. Having said that,
we do encounter a more balanced attitude in his more mature and thoughtful ction. His feelings towards
England were in fact ambivalent: he praised (q) its/its virtues as a powerful nation with a strong character,
but he wrote hard and bitter words about its perdies above all in the eld of foreign policy and the
defects and the ridiculous behaviour he saw in its people. In truth, his attitude towards his own country,
Portugal, was not (r) much/many dierent a conictual relationship of the kind we have with someone we
love but, cannot fail to observe with a just and critical eye.
www.instituto-camoes.pt/revista/revista9in.htm (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
48
PORTUGUESE
PORTUGUESE
LITERATURE
LITERA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
45
CESRIO VERDE
1.
Read the following English translation of part of a poem by Cesrio Verde.

1.1 Translate the English version into Portuguese.
1.2 Compare your translation with the original poem by Cesrio Verde. What dierences did you nd?
The Feeling of a Westerner

I
Vespers
When evening falls across our streets

And sullen melancholy lls the air,
The Tagus, the tang, the shadows and bustle
Bring me an absurd desire to suer.
5
10
15
The sky hangs low and seems all hazy;

The gas from the streetlamps makes me queasy;
The tumult of buildings, chimneys and people
Is cloaked in a dullish, Londinish hue.
Oh lucky travelers in hired coaches
Now hieing to the railway station! Countries
And exhibitions le past me: Madrid,
Paris, Berlin, St. Petersburg, the world!
The timber frames of future buildings
Resemble cages for keeping animals;
Like swooping bats the carpenters leap
From beam to beam at the sound of the bell.
http://www.umassd.edu/media/umassdartmouth/portgrad/CesarioVerde.TheFeeling..pdf (adapted and

abridged) , accessed in January 2014
49 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
46
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FILM REVIEW
1.
Choose a lm adaptation of a Portuguese book and write a review of the lm.
Thesse gguidelinne
ess may help yyou:
Paraggrapph 1: Include th
e name of the lm, the pro
minent stars of the lm, ba
setting ((time and place), an
sic
d type of lm (comedy, ad
vventure, drama, horror,
etc.).
Paragraph 2: Write a plo
p t sum
s mm
ma
arryy for th
t e mo vie. Do not reveal th
e ending
Discuss att lea
east 5 events and be sure to
c
co
ve
r
th
e
en
tir
e
sc
op
e
of the mo vvie, except
the veryy ennd.
Paraggraph
p 3 & 4: Discuss two dif
ifffer
erent aspects of lmmakin
g (one in each para
ggraph
p ): acting, direction, editi
ng, costume design, set de
sign, photography,
background music, or anyth
ing else you may think of.
Be sure that you are speci
annd cite examples from th
c
e mo vie.
Paraggrapph 5: Give your
overall reaction to the lm
as well as your opinion on
qualityy of the lm. Also inc
q
the
lude your recommendation
s for potential viewers.
http://www.apsu.edu/sites/a
psu.edu/les/academic-s
upport-
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
50
center/Mo vie_Review.pdf
(ad
apted and abridged)
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
47
RUNNING
1.
Identify these types of races. Use the words below.

Sprint
Long distance
Middle distance
Ultramarathon
2.
Hurdles
Marathon
a. ________________________________ b. ________________________________
c. ________________________________
d. ________________________________ e. ________________________________
f. ________________________________
Match the type of race with its description.

Type of race
a. Sprint
b. Ultramarathon
c. Hurdles
d. Marathon
e. Middle distance
f. Long distance
r
r
r
r
r
r
Description
1. It is the shortest race: 60 m, 100 m, 200 m, 400 m.
2. It is a running event of just over 42 km.
3. A race in which a series of barriers must be jumped without the
competitors breaking their stride.
4. The race is usually 5,000-10,000 m.

5. A race typically longer than a traditional marathon (over 42 km).
6. The most common are 800m, 1,500 m, 3,000 m.
51 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
48
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BASKETBALL
1.
The basketball court is divided into the following specic areas. Find their descriptions below.
Basketball court area
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
a. Sideline
b. Backcourt (Endline)
c. Frontcourt
d. Backcourt
e. Midcourt (Halfcourt) line
f. Jump circles
g. Free throw line
h. Lane lines
i. Block and Hash marks
j. Three-Point line
Description
1. There are 3 circles on the court: a center circle at midcourt and a free
throw circle around the free throw line at each end.
2. The markings on each side of the key used for lining players up for free
throws.
3. The half of the court containing the basket at which the team is shooting.
4. The line 15 feet from the basket that cuts the free throw circle in half.
5. The line that runs from sideline to sideline down the center of the court.
6. A basket made by a player beyond this line is worth 3 points instead of 2.
7. The half of the court containing the opponents basket.
8. The two lines that extend from the ends of the free throw line to the
baseline forming a rectangular area called the free throw lane or the key.
9. The boundary lines at each end of the court.

10. The boundary lines at each side of the court.
2.
Complete the illustration below with vocabulary from exercise 1.

b.
c.
Center
Circle
a.
Basket
(Hoop)
Backboard
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
Free Throw Lane

(In red a.k.a. the paint)
d.
52
Base
Line
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
49
FOOTBALL TERMS
1.
Unscramble each of the clue words and then copy the letters in the numbered cells to other cells
with the same number to nd the mystery word.
a. SSITAS
3
b. TEATAKRC
6
c. KABC
11
d. RELCA
7
e. RTTEOCUATACNK
15
10
13
12
f. REFREEE
g. TANLYPE
2
1
h. LFRIMEDDIE
8
i. WADRORF
9
j. KIRREST
4
k. GNSIW
14
16
H
1
10
11
12
13
14
53 11.o Ano BRIDGES
15
16
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
50
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.
Read the following article by Simon Mundie, a BBC sports reporter.
Doping and corruption to top 2014 sports news agenda

Sporting highlights in 2014 include the Brazil World Cup, Glasgow hosting the
Commonwealth Games and the Winter Olympics.
10
15
However, as well as all the action on the pitch, there are several issues that
look certain to dominate the sports news agenda. Doping, corruption and
women in sport are all likely to be in the headlines.
From Ben Johnson in the 1988 Olympic Games to Lance Armstrongs seven
Tour De France wins, doping in sport has long been something the authorities
have tried to tackle. In 2013, the spectre of drugs in sport came to the fore,
with several of Jamaicas track and eld athletes testing positive for a banned
substance, as well as two of sprintings biggest names: Tyson Gay and Asafa
Powell.
The World Anti-Doping Agency has been criticised for not enforcing rigorous
testing regimes in certain countries around the world. The pressure on
specic sports to take the threat of doping more seriously is set to rise too. Lance Armstrong said he used
performance-enhancing drugs during his Tour de France wins.
Corruption in sport is another issue that may dominate in 2014. Recently there were claims football matches
in Britain were being targeted by overseas betting syndicates. Cricket is another sport to have been implicated
in recent years. Several sports will see 2014 as a time to raise their prole, even during a World Cup year.
20
25
Womens sport in particular will want to keep pushing to gain

recognition. At the end of 2013 a government committee was set
up to look at why more women didnt take up sport after London
2012, and it found that 60% of people want to see more coverage
of womens sports. Part of the focus for equality is directed
towards governing bodies, where female representation is often
underwhelming. The ght for recognition will certainly continue,
but womens sport does appear to have the wind in its sails as a
new year looms.
Simon Mundie, Doping and corruption to top 2014 sports news agenda, www.bbc.co.uk
(adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
2.
Join in groups and discuss the problems dealt with in the text:
doping;
corruption;
women participation in sport events.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
54
LITERATURE,
MUSIC
CINEMA
& SPEAKING
ACTIVITIES
Literature
Music
Cinema
Speaking Activities
pp. 57-71
pp. 72-86
pp. 87-101
pp. 102-106
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
51
AS BYATT
1.
Read the following excerpt of a short story by AS Byatt.
Sea Story
10
15
He was born beside the sea almost literally, for his

mothers birth pangs began when she was walking
along the shoreline under a pale sun gathering
buttery shells. He was born in Filey, on the east
Yorkshire coast, a shing town with a perfect sweep
of pale golden beach, crumbling grassy clis, and
the unique Filey Brigg, a mixture of many rocks,
beginning at Carr Naze, and stretching out in a long
peninsula into the North Sea, full of rock pools and
rivulets, harsh and tempting at once. His father was
an oceanographer, the son of an oceanographer who studied the deep currents of the North Sea. His mother
taught English at a high school and wrote erce little poems about waves and weather. They took him walking
along the beach, and scrambling on the Brigg and shing from rocks and with lines over the side of rowing
boats. The family had almost a collection of bottles picked up by sailing vessels and along coastlines. Several
of these were numbered bottles, sealed and weighted to bob along the seabed, designed by the Marine Science
project to map the movement of currents around the coast. One a rather sinister-looking early 20th-century
medicine bottle contained a lined sheet of paper. This read Dear Mary and was followed by the phrase I
love you, I love you, I love you repeated until it lled both sides. It was meticulously signed Robert Fisher,
with an address in Hull; the house turned out to have been demolished by bombs in 1944.
www.theguardian.com/books/2013/mar/15/as-byatt-short-story-sea (abridged), accessed in January 2014
2.
Where was the main character of the story born?
3.
Draw the village and the landscape according to the description in the text.
3.1 Find the location in a map and try to discover some images of the location and then compare your
drawing with the real images. What dierences and similarities can you nd?
4.
Have you ever sent a message in a bottle? Share your experience in class.
5.
Write a love letter, starting it like Robert Fishers:

Dear...,
I love you, I love you, I love you
57 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
52
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SAVANNAH BROWN
1.
2.
Do some research to nd out the denition of Slam Poetry.
Read the following slam poem Savannah Brown, a 17-year-old girl, wrote in response to another
poem which depicted girls in a very negative way.
A Slam Poem
When I rst learned that no one could ever love me more than
me, a world of happiness previously unseen was discovered
because somewhere along the line of aging and scrutiny and
time, I was taught to despise myself. ()
5
10
15
20
I was 13 the rst time I was embarrassed about my body, of

course it might not be the last, and I remember stung my
bra in the morning, tears stinging my eyes, hoping, praying to
something that I could look beautiful enough today, braces
and all, for the ruthless boys who mercilessly told me I was
worthless because my boobs werent big enough.
And I would go home and put on a sweatshirt with my eyes closed, deny myself the right to be shown myself
because I didnt dare want to insinuate beauty in regards to something so insulting as my body. ()
You cant surrender to them. () And you dont need any miracle cream to keep your passions smooth, hair
free, or diet pills to slim your kindness down. And when you start to drown in these petty expectations, youve
gotta re-examine the miracle of your existence because you are worth so much more than your waistline. ()
But sometimes we forget that because we live in a world where the media pulls us from the womb, nurses us,
and teaches us our rst words: skinny, pretty, skinny, pretty, girls, soft, quiet, pretty, boys, manly, muscles,
pretty. But I dont care whether its your gender, your looks, your weight, your skin, or where your love lies.
None of that matters because standards dont dene you.
You dont live to meet the credentials established by a madman. Youre a goddamned treasure whether you
want to believe it or not. And maybe thats what everyone should start looking for.
http://alexandraculshaw.wordpress.com/2014/01/03/what-guys-look-for-in-girls-a-slam-poem/ (abridged), accessed in January 2014
3.
What are the major issues Savannah focuses on in her text?
4.
Choose one of those issues and prepare a presentation about it to show in class.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
58
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
53
SLAM POETRY COMPETITION

A slam poem is a poetry competition in which poets perform original work alone or in teams before
an audience, which serves as judge. The work is judged as much on the manner and enthusiasm of its
performance as its content or style, and many slam poems are not intended to be read silently from the
page.
Why not have a Slam Poetry Competition in your class or school?
1.
The main elements of slam poetry are:

a. Rhythm although it is written in free verse it has a denite
driving rhythm which keeps the poem moving from one line
to the next;
b. Repetition slam poems use repetition a lot: the same word,
phrase or expression is repeated throughout the poem;
c. Rhyme slam poems do not have a specic rhyme scheme but
the audiences ear must easily catch the main idea or theme.
2.
How to write a slam poem:

a. Select a topic to write your poem about. Then begin writing your poem. Usually spoken word
poetry is often highly politicised, drawing upon racial, economic, and gender injustices as well
as current events for subject manner.
b. Research new slang words or relevant modern contextual references and use them for more
impact. Do not be too formal in your presentation since formality is the antithesis to slam
poetry.
c. Read your poem out loud to a friend who will give you honest feedback.
3.
Tips:
a. Write about something you are passionate about;
b. Be as authentic as possible;
c. Practise as many times as possible;
d. Do not over-use (try to avoid it!) oensive or sexual imagery;
e. Do not over-rehearse your poetry; you should always feel it from the inside.
59 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
54
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BIOPOEM
1.
Choose a book you read recently, or one you particularly like.
2. Choose a character you like.

3.
Complete the following biopoem layout:

Line 1. First name of the character _______________________________
Line 2. Four traits that describe character _______________________________
Line 3. Relative (brother, sister, daughter, etc.) of _______________________________
Line 4. Lover of _______________________________ (list three things or people)
Line 5. Who feels _______________________________ (three items)
Line 6. Who needs _______________________________ (three items)
Line 7. Who fears _______________________________ (three items)
Line 8. Who gives _______________________________ (three items)
Line 9. Who would like to see _______________________________ (three items)
Line 10. Resident of _______________________________
Line 11. Last Name _______________________________
(Steps 1-11: Grierson, BYU, 2007)
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
60
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
55
BENJAMIN ZEPHANIAH
1.
Read the following poem by Benjamin Zephaniah.

The Tourists are coming
Tell them to be careful
If theyre not give them an earful
The tourists are coming
The tourists are coming.
5
10
15
They may want to party nightly

But tell them they must be tidy
They must respect what weve planted
They should not take us for granted
They should practise what they preach
When theyre lying on the beach
The tourists are coming to play.
If by chance you see some

Try to make them welcome
35
40
45
Because our land is sunny

They come here with their money
20
25
30
We will not rant and rave

If they will behave
We will not be bitter
If they dont drop their litter
If they dont mess about
We will not kick them out
The tourists are coming to stay.
If they treat us good

Theyre welcome in the neighbourhood
But if theyre out of order
Show them to the border
And if it does start raining
Tell them o if theyre complaining
The tourists are coming I say.
Tell them that we love living
And money cant buy everything
50
55
60
Call them names like fools and criminals

If they dont like animals
Tell them if they cant keep the peace
That tourism must cease
Tell them not to be greedy
And be careful where they wee wee
The tourists are coming this way.
Benjamin Zephaniah. Wicked World. 2000
2.
What is this poem about?
3.
Do you have the same problems with tourists in your region? Describe them.
4.
Write a poem about the positive aspects of tourism.

61 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
56
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MONICA ALI
1.
Read the following excerpt from the book Brick Lane, by Monica Alili
an epic saga about a Bangladeshi family living in the UK.
See those kids down there? Karim stood at the window but Nazneen would
not go and stand with him. Those kids, theyre all users.
She did not understand.
Theyre users, addicts.
5
What is it? Users?

Theyre all on heroin. All of that lot.
Drugs.
10
15
This estate is full of it. You have got no idea. He came away from the window. Some of them are, right, twelve years
old. Know how it got this way? Ten years ago, this place was clean, yeah? There was just Tippex, or gas. A bit of weed.
Ganja. But then, what happened, this area started going up. And the City started coming out towards Brick Lane. You
got grant money coming in, regeneration money. Property prices going up, new people moving in, businesses and that.
And we started to do well, man.
He sat down at her sewing machine. Thats the problem. That is the start of it. No coincidence. Its like what happened
in America when the blacks got organised. Youve got to keep them down, keep them quiet. The FBI the government
they got together with the Maa, and ooded the blacks with drugs, set them up with all the guns and stu, so they can
just get high and shoot each other. As long as it stays in the ghettoes, man, theyre not bothered.
Nazneen wondered if her English had failed her, misled her. She said, The government gave the drugs?
Know what Im saying? said Karim. You have to ask the questions.
For a while he looked inside his magazine. He rubbed his beard, cupped his chin in his hand, and tested the bristles.
20
Not like they couldnt stop it, if they wanted to. Everyone knows the dealers. He gave a short, bitter laugh. Its not hard.
The dealers are the ones the kids look up to. With the ash cars and all the gold. But, know what Im thinking?
Im thinking He shook his head as if it could not be true. Im thinking as long as theyre drug addicts, they stay away
from religion. And the government its more scared of Islam than heroin.
Monica Ali. Brick Lane. Scribner: 2003. (adapted and abridged)
2.
Answer the following questions about the text.

2.1 Where is Karim and what is he doing?
2.2 What is he talking about?
2.3 In Karims opinion, what happened in America when black people united?
2.4 According to Karim, is the government interested in solving the problem with drugs in the Brick Lane
neighbourhood? Why/Why not?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
62
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
57
WRITING A BLURB
1.
Use your English dictionary to nd the meaning of blurb.
2.
Read the following book blurbs.
3.
Choose a book to your liking and write a short blurb. These tips may help you:
a. Make it short!
Write only a few lines or paragraphs. It should arouse curiosity and promise a good read.
b. Make it punchy!
Book blurbs tend to use emotive words. Find out what your reader wants, and write a blurb that
shows how youll deliver.
c. End with a reason for the reader to buy/read the book.
This can be in the form of a statement or a provocative question.
d. Dont confuse a short book blurb with a short synopsis!
A synopsis is a summary of the whole story - beginning, middle and end. A back cover blurb does
NOT give the game away! It stimulates interest and curiosity and therefore entices the reader to buy
the book.
63 11.o Ano BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
LITERATURE
58
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
JD SALINGER
1.
All these excerpts belong to stories by J. D. Salinger. Do some research to match them with their
corresponding story.
a. If you really want to hear about it, the

rst thing youll probably want to know
is where I was born, and what my lousy
childhood was like, and how my parents
were occupied and all before they had
me, and all that David Coppereld kind
of crap, but I dont feel like going into it,
if you want to know the truth.
ing
an. Everyth
e
m
I
,
y
d
o
ryb
nt know
b. Its eve
is so I do
s
e
o
d
y
d
ven
everybo
mean, or e
n
e
v
e
r
o
,
g
and
not wron
st so tiny
ju
t
u
B
.
ly
essari
And
stupid nec
d-making.
a
s
d
n
a
or
ss
bohemian
meaningle
o
g
u
o
y
if
ing
part is,
re conform
u
o
y
the worst
t,
a
th
crazy like
way.
something
a dierent
in
ly
n
o
h
c
just as mu
c. I dont really
deeply feel th
at anyone
needs an airti
ght reason for
quoting from
the works of w
riters he loves,
but its
always nice, Il
l grant you, if
he has one.
seem able to love us

d. I mean they dont
le
They dont seem ab
just the way we are.
g
ey can keep changin
to love us unless th
e their reasons for
us a little bit. They lov
,
much as they love us
loving us almost as
e more.
and most of the tim
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
64
LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
59
ATHENA N. EDMONDS
1.
Read the following poem by Athena N. Edmonds.
2.
Samantha Phippen Morgan,
dressed in cargo pants, hiking boots,
and a camo shirt. Serviceman
in the elevator, What a cute boy,
he says. Saleslady at CVS,
With those eyes youll break
Choose the correct option.

2.1 Which of these titles do you think best ts in the
poem?
r a. Genders Waiting Room

r b. Saving our Planet
r c. A Good Day
ladies hearts, she says.

Drycleaner behind the counter,
Boy or girl, she asks; beautiful
eyelashes but boy pants confuse her.
Boy or girl, I ask. But you refuse
to answer. Instead, you bang and bang
your head against the counter.
Late at night you sit on my lap.
The Massachusetts Review, 2010
You ask me, Are my eyes beautiful?

They are, they are, I say.
And you ask me, Are my eyelashes beautiful?

They are, they are, I say.
2.2 What is the main topic of the poem?
r a. Work
r b. Misadaptation
r c. Travelling
2.3 What seems to be the problem with Samantha?
r a. She doesnt like people to think she is a boy.

r b. She doesnt like girls clothes.
r c. She is a transgender.
Then Im going to need to cut them o, you say.

The Massachusetts Review, 2010
2.4 Why do you think she wants to cut her

eyelashes?
r a. She doesnt like them.

r b. It is a way to choose her own gender
she chooses to be a boy.
r c. It is a way to show other people they are

right.
65 11.o Ano BRIDGES
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BARBARA K. BASSETT
1.
Read the following poem and together with your partner discuss the message the author is trying
to convey.
Angelas word
45
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
When Angela was very young,

Age two or three or so,
Her mother and her father
Taught her never to say NO.
They taught her that she must agree
With everything they said,
And if she didnt, she was spanked
And sent upstairs to bed.
So Angela grew up to be
A most agreeable child;
She was never angry
And she was never wild;
She always shared, she always cared,
She never picked a ght,
And no matter what her parents said,
She thought that they were right.
Angela the Angel did very well in school
And, as you might imagine,
she followed every rule;
Her teachers said she was so well-bred,
So quiet and so good,
But how Angela felt inside
They never understood.
Angela had lots of friends
Who liked her for her smile;
They knew she was the kind of gal
Whod go the extra mile;
And even when she had a cold
And really needed rest,
When someone asked her if shed help
She always answered Yes
When Angela was thirty-three,
she was a lawyers wife.
She had a home and family,
and a nice suburban life.
She had a little girl of four
And a little boy of nine,
And if someone asked her how she felt
She always answered, Fine.
But one cold night near Christmas time
When her family was in bed,
She lay awake as awful thoughts
went spinning through her head;
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
She didnt know why,

and she didnt know how,
But she wanted her life to end;
So she begged Whoever put her here
To take her back again.
And then she heard, from deep inside,
A voice that was soft and low;
It only said a single word
And the word it said was... NO.
From that moment on, Angela knew
Exactly what she had to do.
Her life depended on that word,
So this is what her loved ones heard:
NO, I just dont want to;
NO, I dont agree;
NO, thats yours to handle;
NO, thats wrong for me;
NO, I wanted something else;
NO, that hurt a lot!
NO, Im tired, and NO, Im busy,
And NO, Id rather not!
Well, her family found it shocking,
Her friends reacted with surprise;
But Angela was dierent,
you could see it in her eyes;
For theyve held no meek submission
Since that night three years ago
When Angela the Angel
Got permission to say NO.
Today Angelas a person rst,
then a mother and a wife.
She knows where she begins and ends,
She has a separate life.
She has talents and ambitions,
She has feelings, needs and goals.
She has money in the bank and
An opinion at the polls.
And to her boy and girl she says,
Its nice when we agree;
But if you cant say NO, youll never grow
To be all youre meant to be.
Because I know Im sometimes wrong
And because I love you so,
Youll always be my angels
Even when you tell me NO.
http://www.caringonline.com/feelings/poetry/collection/angela.htm
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LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
61
WRITING A BOOK REPORT

1.
Choose a book you have read recently and write a book report on it. The following tips may help
you.
a. Get the basic information from the book:
Author;
Title;
Publisher location, name of publisher, year published;
Number of pages.
b. Identify the book genre: ction, non-ction, biography, drama, action
c. For ction:
Identify the main characters and describe what happens to them;
Describe the setting, the point of view (who tells the story), the mood and tone;
Give a concise plot summary.
d. For non-ction:
Give a general overview of the authors topic, main points, and argument.
e. Give your personal opinion and evaluation on the book:

Dont forget to explain and support your opinion with examples;
Present the elements you liked and didnt like;
State if you think the writing is eective, powerful, dicult, beautiful...;
Refer to what you think are the strengths and weaknesses of the book;
For non-ction comment on the authors arguments and conclusions and give your opinion on them;
Give your overall response to the book: did you nd it interesting, dull, exciting...?;
Say if you would recommend this book to other people and why.
67 11.o Ano BRIDGES
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FERNANDO PESSOA
1.
How much do you know about Elizabethan language, which you can nd in Shakespeares
works? Match the words on the left with contemporary English on the right.
Elizabethan English
a. Thee/Thou
b. Yes
c. Hadst
d. No
e. Sans
f. Wert
g. Livdst
h. Thy
i. Fare thee well
2.
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
Contemporary English
1. Goodbye
2. You
3. Were
4. Had
5. Aye
6. Without
7. Nay
8. Your
9. Lived
Identify Elizabethan terms in the following sonnet by Fernando Pessoa.
IV - I could not think of thee as piecd rot
10
I could not think of thee as piecd rot,

Yet such thou wert, for thou hadst been long dead;
Yet thou livdst entire in my seeing thought
And what thou wert in me had never ed.
Nay, I had xed the moments of thy beauty
Thy ebbing smile, thy kisss readiness,
And memory had taught my heart the duty
To know thee ever at that deathlessness.
But when I came where thou wert laid, and saw
The natural owers ignoring thee sans blame,
And the encroaching grass, with casual aw,
Framing the stone to age where was thy name,
I knew not how to feel, nor what to be
Towards thy fates material secrecy.
http://arquivopessoa.net/textos/4208, accessed in January 2014
3.
Write your own poem using some of the Elizabethan terms above or others you may nd.
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LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
63
FIGURES OF SPEECH QUIZ

1.
Choose the correct options.

1.1 What is a gure of speech?
r a. What the author literally means.

r b. A nonliteral way of saying something.
r c. A familiar expression or saying.
1.2 An implied comparison between two unlike things that actually have something important in
common is a:
r a. simile.
r b. comparison.
r c. metaphor.
1.3 What gure of speech is present in these expressions: CD-ROM disk, PIN number, ATM machine?
r a. Oxymoron.
r b. Tautology.
r c. Euphemism.
1.4 When a closely related term or symbol is substituted for what it represents, or some concrete term
is used for a more abstract idea, the gure of speech is referred to as a:
r a. metonymy.
r b. hyperbole.
r c. assonance.
1.5 As easy as pie, at the eleventh hour, pull someones leg are examples of
r a. idioms.
r b. allusion.
r c. funny metaphors.
1.6 What do you call a gure of speech in which incongruous or contradictory terms appear side by
side?
r a. Synecdoche.
r b. Chiasmus.
r c. Oxymoron.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GRAPHIC NOVELS ADAPTATIONS OF CLASSIC LITERATURE

Try to nd out what classic novel this graphic novel is an adaptation of.
Tony Millionaire and Kevin Huizenga
1.
2.
Choose an excerpt from a classic novel/traditional short story you know and make it into a
comic strip.
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LITERATURE
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
65
WOMEN CELEBRATING WOMEN

1.
Read the following excerpt from Orchids to You Dear, a short story by Fiona Cooper.
She dreamed of oating up the aisle in frothy white, to stand beside a dark-suited gure. He slipped a golden band onto
her nger, but when she turned to look at him, his face was never clear. It was her favourite dream, but she knew enough
to keep it to herself.
We all have our gifts, and yours is The Brain, Hilary, her mother had told her rmly, guiding her away from dates and
dances and the like. Home and school had worn her success like a prize rosette, and she trotted o to university with a
stack of leather-bound prizes and dire warnings about hard work, early nights and regular meals.
She saw him at the rst lecture, and thrilled at his cultured voice. Black-jacketed on the podium, he was on a dierent
plane from the student body, silent and scribbling at his feet. Everybody liked Professor Harrison.
10
Call me Mark, he urged her in his tutorials. She had been rapt at his every phrase, pen ready to score out any word or
even a comma in her essays to please him.
A matter of months later, he chose her to be his wife. He told her she was beautiful. Her mother snied throughout the
service. Her eyes said mutton that wants to be taken for lamb and my poor impressionable baby. She took the rst train home.
Hilary put it all behind her. For she loved his dapper brilliance my husband the professor. And now her heart anticipated
his every wish, eager to change the slightest gesture, for how could he be wrong?
Sue Thomas, (ed.). Wild women. Contemporary Short Stories by Women Celebrating Women
2.
Answer the following questions on the text.

2.1 What is the name of the main character?
2.2 What is her deepest dream? Justify your answer quoting from the text.
2.3 What is her greatest asset, according to her mother?
2.4 What happens when she goes to university?
2.5 What was her mothers reaction?
2.6 What is the meaning of the expression mutton that wants to be taken for lamb (l. 12)?
2.7 What is Hillarys attitude toward her husband?
3.
What do you think is going to happen next? Write an ending to the story.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BANDS AND SINGERS

1. Look at the following photos of famous singers and bands. Label them correctly. Use the names
in the boxes.
Christina Aguilera
Boyce Avenue
a.
___________________________________
d.
___________________________________
Anastacia
Michael Bubl
b.
___________________________________
e.
___________________________________
Miley Cyrus
John Legend
c.
___________________________________
2. Who is/are your favourite singer(s)/band(s)? Why?

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f.
___________________________________
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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WHAT IS MUSIC?
What is music? Its what comes out of the speakers when we play a CD on our stereo. Its what we hear on the
radio. Music is singers singing and musicians playing. Music is a sound that we enjoy hearing. Is this a proper
answer to the question What is music?
If I asked What is a car?, you could answer by pointing at a large object moving up the street and saying Its
one of those. But this may not be a satisfactory answer. A full explanation of what a car is would mention
petrol, internal combustion engines, brakes, suspension, transmissions and other mechanical things
that make a car go. And we dont just want to know what a car is; we also want to know what a car is for. An
explanation of what a car is for would include the facts that there are people and other things (like shopping)
inside cars and that the purpose of cars is to move people and things from one place to another.
By analogy, a good answer to the question What is music? will say something about the detailed mechanics
of music: instruments, notes, scales, rhythm, tempo, chords, harmony, bass and melody. This matches up
with the mechanical portion of the car explanation. Its harder to answer the What is it for? part of the
question. A simple answer is that music is enjoyable it makes us feel good. It creates emotions, or interacts
with the emotions we already feel, and sometimes, it makes us want to dance.
Philip Dorrell, What is Music? Solving a Scientic Mystery, (2005)
The best-known types of music in Western cultures are:

Blues
Pop
Classical
Punk
Country
Rap
Electronic
Reggae
Jazz
R&B
Latin
Rock
Metal
Folk
1. In groups, choose one type and do some research on it (characteristics, any famous singers
bands, ...).
Present your ndings in class.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MY SONGS
1. Choose a song which is related with the topic you are discussing in class. Fill in the table with
information about the song and bring it to class.
Title:
Singer:
Release Date:
LYRICS
Reasons of my choice
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Duration:
Genre:
MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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ROYALS
1. Listen to the song by Lorde. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
Ive never seen a diamond in the esh
And well never be royals
I cut my teeth on wedding rings in the
It dont run in our blood
(a)
that kind of lux just aint for us
______________________
And Im not proud of my address,
We crave a dierent kind of
in the torn up town
(d)
No postcode envy
Let me be your ruler, you can call me queen bee
______________________
And baby Ill rule Ill rule Ill rule Ill rule
But every songs like gold teeth,
Let me live that fantasy
grey goose, trippin in the bathroom

Blood stains, ball gowns,
My friends and I weve cracked the code
trashin the hotel room
We count our dollars
We dont care,
on the train to the
were driving Cadillacs in our
(e)
(b)
And everyone who knows us knows
______________________
______________________
But everybodys like Cristal, Maybach, diamonds
that were ne with this
on your timepiece
we didnt come from money
Jet planes, islands, tigers on a gold leash

We dont care,
we arent caught up in your love
(c)
______________________
1.1 Listen again and check your answers.
www.azlyrics.com, accessed in January 2014
2. Answer the following questions.

2.1 Where do you think Lorde (Ella Yelich-OConnor) comes from?
2.2 How does she dene songs nowadays?
2.3 Are there two conicting sentiments in the song? Give evidence.
2.4 Explain the sentence we didnt come from money.
2.5 Explain the title of the song, and relate it with the message she is trying to convey throughout
the song.
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COUNTING STARS
1. Listen to the song by OneRepublic. Fill in the gaps with the missing words.
Lately Ive been, Ive been losing (a) ______________________
I feel something so right
Dreaming about the things that we could be
By doing the wrong (g) ______________________
But baby, Ive been, Ive been praying hard
And I feel something so wrong
Said no more counting (b) ______________________
By doing the right thing
Well be counting stars
I could lie, could lie, could lie
Yeah, well be counting stars
Everything that kills me

makes me feel
I see this life like a swinging vine
(h)
______________________
Swing my heart across the (c) ______________________

In my face is ashing signs
Seek it out and you shall (d) ______________________
Old, but Im not that old

Young, but Im not that (e) ______________________
And I dont think the world is sold
Im just doing what were (f) ______________________
www.onerepublic.com, (abridged), accessed in January 2014
1.1 Listen to the song again and check your answers.
2. Who do you think the we in the song refers to?

3. Why do you think theyve been counting dollars?
4. What might happen in the future so theyll be counting stars?
5. Explain the meaning of the third verse.
6. Relate
this statement with the song Dreaming big dreams and working towards them
passionately and prayerfully is more important than monetary success.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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FIFTEEN
1. The title of the song youre going to listen to is Fifteen. What do you think it will be about?
2. Listen to the song by Taylor Swift. Check if your predictions were right.
10
15
20
You take a deep breath and you walk through the doors
Its the morning of your very rst day
You say Hi to your friends you aint seen in a while
Try and stay out of everybodys way
Its your freshman year and youre gonna be here
For the next four years in this town
Hoping one of those senior boys will wink at you and say
You know, I havent seen you around before.
Cause when youre fteen and somebody tells you they love you
Youre gonna believe them
And when youre fteen
Feeling like theres nothing to gure out
Well is count to ten, take it in
This is life before you know who youre gonna be
Fifteen
You sit in class next to red-headed Abigail
And soon enough youre best friends
Laughing at the other girls who think theyre so cool
Well be out of here as soon as we can
And then youre on your very rst date and hes got a car
And youre feeling like ying
And your mammas waiting up
And youre thinking hes the one
And youre dancing round the room when the night ends, when the night ends
25
Cause when youre fteen and somebody tells you they love you
Youre gonna believe them
And when youre fteen and your rst kiss makes your head spin around
But in your life youll do things greater than dating the boy on the football team
But I didnt know it at fteen
30
When all you wanted was to be wanted

Wish you could go back and tell yourself what you know now
3. How did you feel on your rst day of school (primary and/or secondary)?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
FIVE OCLOCK WORLD

1. Listen to the song by The Vogues. Which one do you hear? Underline the correct one in each pair.
Up every morning just to keep a (a) job / place
I gotta ght my way through the hustling mob
Sounds of the city (b) sounding / pounding in my brain
While another day goes down the drain
But its a ve oclock world when the whistle (c) shows / blows
No one owns a piece of my time
And theres a ve oclock me inside my clothes
(d)
Believing / Thinking that the world looks ne
Trading my time for the pay I get

Living on money that I aint (e) gained / made yet
Ive been going trying to make my way
While I live for the
(f)
beginning / end of the day
Cuz its a ve oclock world

when the whistle blows
No one owns a piece of my (g) time / life, and
Theres a longhaired girl who waits, I know
Curiosity
Five OClock World was used in the soundtrack
to the 1987 movie Good Morning Vietnam, also in
the soundtrack to the 2003 movie Big Fish, and
was heavily featured on The Drew Carey Show as
its opening theme song during the second season.
Various other covers of the song including the
Bowling for Soup - recorded version were used as
the shows theme from 2002 to 2004.
To ease my troubled mind

www.songlyrics.com, (abridged) accessed in January 2014
2. Explain the title of the song.

3. How does he feel after ve oclock? Explain.
4. How does he feel in the morning after he wakes up?
5. Does he seem to enjoy his working life? Why/Why not?
6. Why is he eager to leave work at the end of the day?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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WIND OF CHANGE
1. Listen to the song by the Scorpions. Fill in gaps with the missing words.
I follow the Moskva
Take me to the magic of the moment
Down to Gorky Park
On a glory night
Listening to the wind of change
Where the children of tomorrow
An August summer (a) ______________________
share their (e) ______________________
Soldiers passing by
With you and me
Take me to the magic of the moment

On a glory night
The world is closing in
Where the children of tomorrow dream away
Did you ever think
in the wind of change
That we could be so close, like brothers

The future is in the (b) ______________________
The wind of change
I can feel it everywhere
Blows straight into the face of
Blowing with the wind of change
(f)
______________________
Like a storm wind that will ring the freedom bell

Take me to the magic of the
(c)
______________________
For peace of mind
On a glory night
Let your balalaika sing
Where the children of tomorrow dream away
What my guitar wants to say
In the wind of change

Walking down the (d) ______________________
Distant memories
Are buried in the past forever
I follow the Moskva
Down to Gorky Park
www.the-scorpions.com/english/discography/records/crazy_world.asp#WIND_OF_CHANGE,
2.
Find out what Moskva is, and which city has a Gorky Park.
3.
Choose the right option:

This song is about
r a. the end of the Cold War.
r b. the American Civil War.
r c. the end of World War II.
4. Explain the meaning of the second verse.

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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
21ST CENTURY LIFE

1. Listen to the song by Sam Sparro. Fill in the gaps as you listen to the song.
When I was a little boy
Well now I turned on the (d) ______________
Living in the last (a) ______________
Just in time enough to hear
I thought about living in the future
what the Pope said, (Pope said)
Then it occurred to me
And just a few tiny words later
I turned around,
Somebody wants the man dead, oh
the (b) ______________
Well what about famine and (e) ______________
was now
Well they said its too bad
The future was all around me
Because Im never alone
Nothing like I had imagined
Its not just a phone
It was totally confounding
Its a stereo
(chorus)
(chorus)
21st century life
I got swept away
I got (c) ______________things
that I got to do today
21st century life

Well what can I say?
The new worlds got me feeling so dirty
Think I need to get down and play

2.1 What did he think about when he was a boy?
2.2 Explain the meaning of the line, The future was all around me.
2.3 Why do you think he was swept away by 21st century life?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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LIFETIME
1. Listen to the song by Emeli Sand. Look at the sentences in the box and put the missing lines in
the correct place.
Dreaming only lasts until you wake up
We stay in touch till we forget
(a)
And beauty fades the kiss will end
_______________________________
Silence only sticks around till someone
(e)
in the room decides to speak
Youll have it all until its gone
(b)
The books get burnt and statues fall
_______________________________
_______________________________
Were only young until were old
Sometimes feels like nothing will ever last
And summer leaves us wondering where it went
(chorus)
The friends you have can disappear

(c)
_______________________________
And money only lasts until its spent
(chorus)
But you, you
You last a lifetime
You last a lifetime
(d)
_______________________________
The party lasts until the wine is gone

This time next week the radio will change its mind
And play a dierent song
1.
The whole world can change within a year
2.
And fame will love and leave you just as fast
3.
And luck runs out and hearts go cold
4.
Truth will change and time will y
5.
And you nd youre not asleep
www.us.emelisande.com/lyrics (abridged), accessed in January 2014
2. What do you think this song is about?

3. In your opinion, what are the keywords in this song?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ON TOP OF THE WORLD

1. Listen to the song by Imagine Dragons.
If you love somebody
20
Ive tried to cut these corners
Better tell them while theyre here cause
Try to take the easy way out
They just may run away from you
I kept on falling short of something
Youll never know quite when, well
I couldve gave up then but
Then again it just depends on
Then again I couldnt have cause
How long of time is left for you
25
Ive traveled all this way for something

I take in but dont look down
Ive had the highest mountains
(chorus)
Ive had the deepest rivers

You can have it all but life keeps moving
10
I take it in but dont look down
Cause Im on top of the world,

Im on top of the world,
Waiting on this for a while now
Paying my dues to the dirt
15
Ive been waiting to smile,

Been holding it in for a while,
Take you with me if I can
Been dreaming of this since a child
http://www.songlyrics.com, accessed in January 2014
Im on top of the world
2. Explain the title of the song.

3. Why should we never leave things for the next day?
4. He says it was impossible for him to give up his dreams. Who or what things give us strength when
we need it?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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BROKEN ENGLISH
1. Listen to the song by Adam Lambert. Fill in the gaps with the missing words. The rst letter is
already there.
Tower of Babel has fallen down again
Information disarray
I dont know who I should believe in
Everybodys an (a) a ______________________
Fragments dont count
They always end up falling through the cracks
Dont think out loud
Cause once its out your (b) m ______________________,
Cant take it back
(chorus)
Cant say all the little things
That I wanna tell you right now
I know you wont (c) u ______________________
But I gotta tell you somehow
And on and on and on I go
Connect the neck to whats below I know
Now your body (d) l______________________is broken, broken English
My (e) w ______________________get lost
Lost inside communication breakdown
Better just read my lips
Come in clear when we get down
Iceberg, just the tip
Can you read the look thats on my face?

Wires get crossed
In communion with the human race
(chorus)

2.1 What is this Tower of Babel which has fallen down again?
2.2 Why do you think there is an information disarray?
2.3 What sorts of things do you say that you cant take back? Why?
2.4 Explain the two lines: Wires get crossed / In communion with the human race.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
IMPOSSIBLE
1. Listen to the song by James Arthur. Spot the ten mistakes in the verbs and try to correct them.
Falling out of love is hard
I remember years ago

Someone told me I should took
25
Falling for betrayal is worse
Caution when it comes to love
Broken trust and broken hearts
I did
I know, I know...
And you are strong and I was not
And thinking all you need is there
My illusion, my mistake
Building faith on love and words
I was careless, I forget
30
Empty promises will wore
I did
I know, I know...
10
And now when all is done
And now when all is done
There was nothing to say
There is nothing to say
You have gone and so eortlessly
And if youre done with embarrassing me
You have win
35
You can go ahead tell them
On your own
You can went ahead tell them
(chorus)
Tell them all I knew now

15
Shout it from the rooftops

Write it on the skyline
All we had went now
Tell them I was happy
And my heart is broken
20
All my scars are open

Tell them what I hope would be
Impossible, impossible
Impossible, impossible
2. Discuss the importance of relationships in our lives.

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MUSIC
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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IMAGINE
1. Think about the way you would like our world to be and write your own version of Imagine by John
Lennon. Dont make your lines too long, and try to make them rhythmical. Some of the original lines
have been left to help you.
Imagine __________________________________
Its easy if you try
No __________________________________
Above us only sky
Imagine __________________________________
Imagine __________________________________
It isnt hard to do
Nothing __________________________________
And __________________________________
Imagine __________________________________
You, you may say

Im a dreamer, but Im not the only one
I hope some day youll join us
And the world will be as one
Imagine __________________________________
I wonder if you can
No need for __________________________________
__________________________________
Imagine __________________________________
You, you may say

Im a dreamer, but Im not the only one
I hope some day youll join us
And the world will live as one
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
BECAUSE WE CAN
1. Listen to the song by Bon Jovi and put the jumbled verses in order.
a.
b.
c.
d.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
Lately hes feeling like a broken promise

In the mirror staring down his doubt
Theres only one thing in this world
that he knows
He said forever and hell never let her down
I dont wanna be another wave in the ocean

I am a rock not just another grain of sand
I wanna be the one you run to
when you need a shoulder
I aint a soldier but Im here to take a stand
TV and takeout on the coee table

Paper dishes, pour a glass of wine
Turn down the sound and move a little closer
And for the moment everything is alright
e.
f.

Because we can
Because we can,
our love can move a mountain
We can, if you believe in we
We can, just wrap your arms around me
We can, we can
g. Shes in the kitchen staring out the window

So tired of living life in black and white
Right now shes missing
those technicolor kisses
When he turns down the lights
www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/bonjovi/becausewecan.html, accessed in january 2014

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FILM FILE
1.
Choose a lm which is related with the topic you are discussing. Fill in the table with information
about the lm and bring it to class.
Title:
Year:
Rating:
Director:
Stars:
PLOT
Reasons for my choice
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
UNDOCUMENTED AMERICANS (2013)

1.
Before watching the lm, read the information below. Complete the gaps with the words given.
parents
families
young people
status
citizen
There are one million (a) ______________________ under 18 and 4.4 million under 30 living in America out of
the estimated total of 11.1 million undocumented immigrants living in here. These young people are not the
only ones aected by undocumented (b) ______________________. Nearly half of undocumented adults are
(c)
5
______________________ of minors, many of whom are citizens. There are an estimated 5.5 million
children with at least one undocumented parent, 4.5 million of whom were born here, making them U.S.
(d)
______________________ . These kinds of mixed-status family situations are very common, with an
estimated nine million people living in (e) ______________________ that contain at least one undocumented
adult and one citizen child.
www.apa./topics/immigration/undocumented-video.aspx
2. Watch the lm. Look at the questions below and answer them in note form as you watch the lm.
2.1 What obstacles do undocumented individuals face?
2.2 How do 17-year-olds feel when their friends are doing
everything a 17-year-old can do, and they cant?
2.3 Whats it like to be undocumented, according to Jong-Min?
2.4 How did Pedro feel when he was told he was undocumented?
2.5 What are the greatest fears they face each day?
2.6 What happened to Pedro in January 2008?
2.7 What was Silvias dream?
2.8 What happened when she graduated?
2.9 How did she manage to pay for her education at Harvard?
3. What does this video tell us about what it means to be an American?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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ANITA & ME (2002)

1.
Read the lm synopsis of Anita & Me. Choose from the options below to best complete each gap.
Meena is twelve years old and lives in the village of Tollington. The year is 1972. She is the daughter of
(a)
______________________ parents who have come to England to give her a better life. Her idyllic
(b)
______________________ , surrounded by eccentric relatives and friends, is disrupted by the arrival in
Tollington of Anita Rutter and her (c) ______________________ family. At fourteen - blonde, aloof,
beautiful, outrageous and sassy - Anita is everything Meena thinks she wants to be. Meena wheedles her way
into Anitas life, but the arrival of a baby (d) ______________________ , teenage hormones, impending entrance
exams for the posh grammar school and a motor cycling rebel without a future, threaten to turn her salad
days sour.
a.
Indian
American
Pakistani
b.
teenage
adolescence
home
c.
functional
balanced
dysfunctional
d.
brother
sister
cousin
FOLLOW-UP Activities
1.
2.
In groups of 2 or 3 do some research into life in 1970s Britain. In particular, focus on town life,
attitudes to racism, entertainment, typical jobs, shops and school life. Present your ndings to
the class in the form of a PowerPoint presentation.
Meena and Anita go their separate ways. Meena has the possibility of becoming someone like
Meera Syal. What do you think happens to Anita? Describe the sort of person you think she will
become. For example, where will she live? What kind of job will she nd herself doing?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE HELP (2011)

The Help takes place in Jackson, Mississippi, during the 1960s. This time of great turmoil and change is
important to the history of the United States. One of the real life events rooted in The Help is the death of
Medgar Evers. Evers was a prominent gure in the Civil Rights Movement in Jackson, Mississippi. His death
is the impetus in the lm for Aibileen and Minny to help Skeeter collect the stories of all the women who
contributed to the book, The Help.
RESEARCH Time
1.
Select two of the topics below to research and then report on each, relating each to the climate
you witnessed in The Help. Be certain to explore where the event took place, who it involved and
how it impacted not only on the city in which it took place, but the entire Civil Rights Movement in
the United States.
Brown vs. Board of Education
The Murder of Emmet Till
Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
Freedom Riders
Project C
Loving vs. Virginia
The Assassination of Medgar Evers
The March on Washington
The Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr
The Birmingham Church Bombing
2.
After youve researched the events you selected, share your information with others in your group
or class to learn more about the history of the time.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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THE BUTLER (2012)

Lee Daniels The Butler is inspired by the life of Cecil Gaines. He was a butler at the White House from 1957 to
1986. It depicts the eects of injustice, ignorance, hatred and fear that Cecil and other
African-Americans faced during his lifetime. The eye-opening images remind us of a horrible time of
American history and challenge everyone to address the remnants of racism today.
1. Watch the trailer from the lm The Butler and choose the right option.
1.1 At the White House, there is no tolerance for:
r a. politics.
r b. failure.
r c. laziness.
1.2 Cecil Gaines didnt have the opportunity to:
r a. nish his studies.

r b. go to school.
r c. work while he was young.
1.3 He grew up:
r a. in a prison.
r b. on the streets.
r c. on a cotton plantation.
1.4 After he robbed a house, :
r a. he asked for a job.

r b. he went back to the plantation.
r c. he was arrested.
1.5 In 1961, in Alabama, the Ku Klux Klan attacked:
r a. a house.
r b. a bus.
r c. a plane.
1.6 After this, the time came for:
r a. the Black Power movement.

r b. peace.
r c. white to revolt.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
TWELVE YEARS A SLAVE (2013)

1.
Watch the lm Twelve Years a Slave.
2. Discuss the following questions in class.

2.1 Solomon Northup is a free black man living in the North. The
lm shows Northup as a caring husband and father. It is rare
to witness Hollywood lms portray the image of a black man
as compassionate, sensitive and strong. How does the director
show Solomon as a multi-dimensional man who is loving,
caring, and committed?
2.2 Part of the enslavement process was to break the will of the
African, remove his/her name and force the person to live
under the construct of another persons name and denition.
What do you think kept Solomon from falling into despair while
living in this horric situation?
2.3 The lm shows great brutality and beauty. What, in the lm, showed you the power and genius of
black people?
2.4 Why did the lmmaker take time to show the natural beauty of the south?
2.5 What surprised you most about the lm?
2.6 What do you think Solomon was thinking when he decided to sing Roll Jordan Roll?
2.7 Solomon is lynched and allowed to hang for hours standing on his tip-toes because he is educated
and smart, and dares challenge his master. Are black men today treated in this same manner?
2.8 Why was the scene with the Indians important to the story?
2.9 Women have a prominent place in the story, yet women are marginalised. How are the women in
the lm (black and white) victims of the system of oppression?
www.hungtonpost.com (abridged), accessed in January 2014
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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UP IN THE AIR (2009)

1.
Watch the trailer from the lm Up in the Air and choose the correct answer for each of these.
1.1 What is Ryan Bingham (George Clooney) doing?
r a. Sleeping
r b. Giving a motivational speech
r c. Travelling on a plane
1.2 What is he later doing in his hotel room?
r a. Packing his backpack

r b. Making phone calls
r c. Having dinner
1.3 What things should we include in our backpack?
r a. Knick-knacks, photos, gadgets, homes, and relationships

r b. Knick-knacks, photos, furniture, work, and relationships
r c. Knick-knacks, photos, furniture, homes, and relationships
1.4 What is the heaviest component in our lives?
r a. Relationships
r b. Knick-knacks
r c. Work
1.5 According to Ryan, The slower we move,
r a. the slower we die.

r b. the lazier we become.
r c. the faster we die.
1.6 What does he compare himself and others to?
r a. Swans
r b. Sharks
r c. Turtles
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
INSIDE JOB (2011)

1.
Before watching the documentary, in groups nd out more about the economic jargon below.
a. Asset Backed Security (ABS)
n. Hedging
b. Bank Holding Company
o. Investment Bank
c. Capital Structure
p. Investment Grade Ratings
d. Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO)
q. Leverage
e. Commercial Mortgage-Backed Security (CMBS)
r. Mortgage Backed Securities (MBS)
f. Credit Default Swap (CDS)
s. Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities (RMBS)
g. Credit Rating Agency (CRA)
t. Security
h. Deposit Taking Institution
u. Securitization
i. Deregulation
v. Short Selling
j. Derivatives
w. Subprime
k. Fixed Income
x. Synthetic CDO
l. Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA)
y. Tranche
m. Hedge Fund
2. Watch the documentary and note down any relevant ideas

in your notebook.
3. Imagine you could pass a measure in Parliament that

would help your country emerge from this crisis. Write your
measure on a piece of paper and hand it in to the teacher.
3.1 Discuss your measure in class.
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CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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IN AMERICA (2002)
1.
2.
Watch the lm In America.

Read the lm review below from The New York Times, and complete the gaps with the missing
words.
Charming Illegal Aliens Facing Family Upheaval

At the start of In America, Sarah (a) _____________ Johnny
Sullivan arrive at the United States-Canadian border in a
swaybacked station wagon with their two daughters in the back
seat. They are (b) _____________ Ireland, and they are coming
5
to the United States illegally so Johnny can nd work as an

actor and they can start over after (c) _____________ death of their
young son, Frankie. With the help of their surviving children, the
cheerful Ariel and the watchful, reserved Christy, they manage
(d)
10
_____________ charm their way past a suspicious immigration
agent, (e) _____________ decides to believe that they are carefree

vacationers rather than desperate migrants.
This modest, touching lm accomplishes a similar sleight of
hand. The family drives wide-eyed (f) _____________ Times Square and alights in a cavernous, battered walkup apartment that is quickly spruced (g) _____________ with
15
colorful paint and scavenged furniture. The neighbors are a mostly harmless collection of addicts, hustlers
and ordinary poor folk, as (h) _____________ as a reclusive painter named Mateo (Djimon Hounsou), who
seems to be dying of AIDS and whom the girls befriend one Halloween. The family survives through an
unspoken pact of mutual protection (i) _____________ becomes plain to us only as it starts to unravel. The
girls, played (j) _____________ real-life sisters, Emma and Sarah Bolger, agree (k) _____________ to notice how
20
much their parents (l) _____________ suering and to distract them from (m) _____________ as best they can.
In America is Mr. Sheridans most personal movie (n) _____________ far. The title of the movie sounds a little
grandiose, (o) _____________ it is meant to evoke a postcard, or a childs diary: not this is what it means to
be in America but this is what we saw when we were there. (p) _____________ movie, from moment to
moment, feels small, almost anecdotal. It is only afterward that, (q) _____________ Mr. Sheridans other lms,
25
it starts to grow (r) _____________ something at once unassuming and in its own way grand.
www.nytimes.com (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
DO THE MATH (2013)

1.
2.
Watch Do the Match, a documentary about the climate crisis.

Read an excerpt of its summary below. Use the word given in
capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that ts
in the gap in the same line.
Like most people, Bill is not an activist by nature. Theres really not that many
people whose (a) _____________ desire it to go out and ght the system.
His theory of change was that hell write his book, people will read it and theyll
GREAT
change. But thats not how change happens. What is required is to make a little
5
noise, and push other people to be a little (b) _____________ . The moment has come
where we have to take a real stance, because were reaching limits. The biggest limit
COMFORTABLE
that were running into may be that were running out of atmosphere into which to
put the waste products of our society, (c) _____________ the carbon dioxide that is the
ubiquitous byproduct of burning fossil fuels. We burn coal, or oil, or gas, we get
10
PARTICULAR
CO2 and the atmosphere is now lling up with it.

One of the things that (d) _____________ is facing is the need to dramatically reduce
HUMAN
its carbon footprint over the next 40 years. Were no longer at the point of
trying to stop global warming. Its too late for that. Were at the point of trying
to keep it from becoming a complete and utter calamity. The most important
15
(e)
_____________ , Jim Hansen, had his team at NASA do a study to gure out how
CLIMATE
much carbon in the atmosphere was too much. The paper they published, which
may be the most important (f) _____________ paper of the millennium to date, said
SCIENCE
we now know enough to know how much is too much. Any value for carbon in the
atmosphere greater than 350 parts per million is not compatible with the planet on
20
which civilization developed and to which life on earth is adapted.

http://topdocumentarylms.com/do-the-math/, accessed in January 2014
3. In groups, prepare a poster about the Climate Changes that have been occuring, and think about
possible solutions. Display your work in class.
Suggestions:
Global Warming
PHOTOCOPIABLE
Acid Rain
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Greenhouse Eect
Ozone Depletion
...
CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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BEASTS OF THE SOUTHERN WILD (2012)

Beasts of the Southern Wild whisks you to a surreal realm, where little girls and mythical animals coexist in a
bayou called The Bathtub, all intertwined in the cosmic mesh of the universe. Hushpuppy a ve-year-old girl,
relentlessly explores her world for answers to satisfy her curiosity and to make her budding mark on a world
shes only beginning to comprehend.
1.
Watch the lm trailer and choose from a, b or c the best answer to the questions.
1.1 Where is Hushpuppy?
r a. On a oating object
1.2 Who is with her?
r a. Her brother
1.3 What happened to her world?
r a. A drought
1.4 What does she see around her?
r a. Destruction
r b. On an island
r c. At home
r b. Her father
r c. Her mother
r b. An earthquake
r c. A storm
r b. People
r c. Water
1.5 What do people do after what happened?
r a. Move away
r b. Help each other
r c. Fight against each other
SPEAKING Time
Throughout the lm, Hushpuppy has this remarkable sense of our place in
the universe and how everyone and every thing plays his or her part. Her
conviction is pretty clear: The entire universe has been orchestrated with
intention and purpose when she says
The whole universe depends on everything tting together just right.
1.
Discuss this statement in class.
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MY SISTERS KEEPER (2009)

1.
Write ve things you would like to achieve in your life.

1.1 Share with your partner the ve things you have chosen, and explain why they are important to you.
1.2 Together with your partner, choose the two things that matter the most.
2.
Watch the rst excerpt from the lm (6 30 - 8 10) and choose the correct answer.
2.1 Who is Campbell?
2.3 What does Kate need from Anna?
2.2 Why did Anna go to his oce?
2.4 What does Anna call herself?
r a. A doctor
r b. An attorney
r c. A private investigator
r a. To sue her parents
r b. To help her parents
r c. To sue her sister
3.
r a. The liver
r b. A kidney
r c. A blood transfusion
r a. An InVitro baby
r b. A cloned baby
r c. A designer baby
Watch the second excerpt (01 10 35 - 01 11 10) and answer the questions.
3.1 What did the doctors talk about during the hearing? Mention at least two things.
3.2 What was the greatest thing that Anna had done, according to Kates doctor?
4.
Watch the third and last excerpt (01 12 22 - 01 11 49) and complete the sentences.
a. Anna started donating to her sister when she was still a ___________________________________________.
b. At the age of ve, Anna started donating ___________________________________________________________.
c. After the bone borrow aspiration, Anna had to be ___________________________________________________.
THINKING Time
Discuss these questions relating to the lm.
1.
2.
Is Anna doing what is right when asking for medical emancipation?

Is Sara and Brians choice - to conceive Anna as a genetic match for Kate - morally justied?
Why/Why not?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
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CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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AFRICA UNITED (2010)

1.
Watch the trailer from the lm and answer the questions that follow.
1.1 Who are the main characters?
1.2 Where do they want to go?
1.3 What type of lm do you expect Africa United to be? Why? Think particularly about the images,
music and dialogue included.
1.4 Would you like to see this lm? Give reasons for your answer.
2.
Watch an excerpt from the lm. Choose from a, b or c to best complete the sentences.
2.1 Fabrice broke
r a. a leg.
r b. a record.
r c. a chair.
2.2 Jean Baptiste
r a. works with the national football team.

r b. is an unemployed football player.
r c. works with FIFA.
2.3 He asks the boys if
r a. they know about the trial at the stadium.

r b. they know Cristiano Ronaldo.
r c. they want to be football players.
2.4 They are given the opportunity to
r a. be junior football players.

r b. attend the opening ceremony of the World Cup.
r c. travel to the US to improve their football skills.
3.
www.lmeducation.org/africaunited/trailer_and_clip.html,
A quest or a journey provides a useful structure to tell a story. Can you think of any other lms
you may have seen in which characters go on a long journey? Do they learn about themselves
along the way? What do you expect the characters in Africa United might learn on their journey?
Are there any clues in the lms title?
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
SKET (2011) - (1)
1.
Look closely at this poster image for the lm and work through these tasks with a partner or in a
group.
1.1 Describe what you see in the image, as though you are telling someone how it looks over the phone,
going into as much detail as you can.
1.2 What does this image suggest about the lm, in terms of the:
a. characters their identity as individuals and as a group
b. setting
c. story
1.3 How does this poster image t with the ways girls tend to be shown in lm posters, or on
magazines, or on TV? Explain your answer, using examples where you can.
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CINEMA
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
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SKET (2011) - (2)

SPEAKING Time
Dierent people might have dierent views on what gangs are and what they do. For example, a police
ocer or a youth worker who comes into contact with young people and with gangs will have dierent
perspectives on them; also, their opinions might be dierent from those of a person who has never come
into contact with a real gang, but who has seen news items on gangs, or seen them portrayed in lms or
on TV.
1.
With a partner or in a group, discuss the following:

1.1 What do you think a gang is? What do you base this on?
1.2 How is a gang dierent from other kinds of group, for example, a friendship group, followers of a
football team, etc.? Think about how individuals within those dierent groups work together, and
what they have to do to be part of that group.
1.3 Can you give some examples of ctional (i.e. not real) gangs you have seen on TV or on lms how
are they shown and what do they do?
2.
Comment on the statement below by Jennifer Blake, a former gang member who now runs a
project in south London called Safe N Sound, which oers a safe and supporting environment
for young people looking to get away from gang life.
Your actions are a choice that you choose. Your destiny is your choice. A life on the street has a destiny: prison,
mental health and death you choose. It is important that when a young person is excited out of youth violence
that they are channelled into something where they can still feel in control and feel part of a family.
www.lmeducation.org/ (adapted and abridged),
3.
Watch the trailer from the lm and see if your predictions

and expectations are conrmed.
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SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
96
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
ONE-MINUTE TALKS
1.
Put these cards face down.
2.
Take turns choosing a card.
3.
You must speak about the topic for a minute without stopping.
Gun Control
Stem Cell Research
The debate over gun control centers

around whether citizens should be able to
own and carry guns. An argument should
consider the risks that come with owning
a gun and the possibility of guns falling
into the wrong hands or being used to
harm someone in cases other than
self-defense.
Stem cell research can be used to help

discover cures for dierent illnesses and
cancers and may also be used to replace cells
in cases of brain and spinal cord injuries. While
stem cells can come from adult cells and cord
cells, embryonic cells are at the centre of
controversy. Extracting cells from an embryo
kills that embryo. The questions that must be
answered when talking about this topic are: Is
an embryo a future human life? If so, does the
greater good outweigh the taking of a future
life?
Legalization of Gay Marriage
Climate Change
Previously known as global warming,

proponents of the climate change debate
argue that humans have a major impact
on the environment and climate. Those who
speak against climate change argue that
the impact of humans is negligible and
climate changes are part of a natural
geological cycle.
Illegal Immigration
At the center of the issue are what is the

true denition of marriage and whether gay
couples should be given the same rights and
benets as married heterosexual couples.
Mobile Phone Use in School
The debate about illegal immigration

focuses on what measures a country should
take to prevent illegal immigrants from
entering the country and what should
happen to them if they are found. Should
the government implement more policies
to prevent and punish illegal immigrants or
should the immigration policies be more
lenient?
Schools often ban mobile phones to keep

students focused in class. Should mobile
phones be banned in schools? The debate
focuses on whether students should be
allowed to have mobile phones for cases of
an emergency or if allowing mobile phones
can lead to cases of cheating, harassment
and general disruptions.
http://teens.lovetoknow.com/High_School_Debate_Topics (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014

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SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
97
FIND YOUR SEAT
Work in pairs. One of you will be Student A and the other Student B.
Student A
SEAT
NAME
COUNTRY
COMPANY
JOB
Hans Schmidt
Germany
Filmmeisterei
CommercialProductions
Peter Brooks
England
Cambridge
University
Professor
Masahide Hamamoto
Japan
Honda
Sales Manager
Producer
3
4
5
6
Giovanna De Palma
Benetton
Italy
Vitelcom
Spain
AGYP
Portugal
Public Relations
Manager
4
3
Adela Alvarez
Senior Engineer
2
1
Gonalo Silva
SEAT
NAME
Student B
COUNTRY
COMPANY
President
JOB
2.
You are taking part in a very important international meeting Business in the 21st Century. You
must nd who the other participants are and ask them the missing information to complete your
table.
1.
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SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
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NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
JOB FAIR
1.
Get in two major groups Employers and Employees.
2.
Some of you will be candidates looking for a job (applicants/employees) while others will be
employers looking for the right candidate for the job you are oering.
3.
Fill in the rst column on your sheet with your personal information applicant / employee or
the information about the job position employer.
4.
Talk to as many employers/applicants as you can, so you can nd the right person for the job/
the best company.
5.
The sheets can have as many columns as you wish.
6.
The questions at the end will help you in the conversation.

Applicant / Employee Sheet:
JOB TYPES
Name of Company
Job
Salary
Location
Benets / Incentives
Promotions / Raises
APPLICANTS INFORMATION
Name of company
Experience
Major
Skills
Good Points
Bad Points
Questions to ask applicants / employees:
Questions to ask employers:
Could you spell your name, please?

What kind of experience do you have?
What did you study in university?
Do you have any special skills?
What are your good points and bad points?
What company do you represent?

What kind of job do you oer?
How much does the job pay?
Where is it located?
Do you oer any benets?
Are there any opportunities for promotion in the company?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
104
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
99
CREATING A STORY
1. Choose one of the following pictures and imagine what is behind what you see.
a. Who is/are the person/people in the picture?
b. What happened to this/these person/people? What is/are he/she/they doing?
c. Where?
d. When?
e. How?
f. Why?
g. What will happen next?
h. ...
PHOTOCOPIABLE
SPEAKING ACTIVITIES
100
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PERSUASIVE SPEECH
1.
You are going to try and persuade your partner to accept your opinion on a given topic. The
problem is s/he has a dierent opinion on the same subject. You both have to justify your
opinions while at the same time trying to counter your partners arguments by others in
favour of y
your p
preferences. Take turns to speak.
p
STUDENT A
2.
STUDENT B
Horror lms
Romantic lms
Football
Ballet
Reading books
Listening to music
Going to the cinema
Watching lms on TV
For human cloning
Against human cloning
Against the legalisation of drugs
For the legalisation of drugs
In order to help you, organise your speech by following these tips.

a. Opening statement
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. First reason
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Second reason
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. Third reason (add as many reasons as you wish)

_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
e. Closing statement
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
106
INCLUSION
Inclusion
pp. 109-118
INCLUSION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
101
MNEMONICS LETTER STRATEGY

1.
To help you remember the organisation of living things (biological classication) memorise the
following sentence:
KIDS
PLAYING
CROQUET
ON
FREEWAYS
GET
SMASHED
Check how it works:
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
2.
Create your own letter strategy for some subject/topic you nd hard to memorise.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
INCLUSION
102
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
MNEMONICS WRITING STRATEGIES 1

1.
Take note of the following mnemonics that will help you in your writing activities.
Use the acronym PENS to help you remember the steps in writing a sentence.
P = Pick a sentence type and formula
E = Explore words to t the formula
N = Note the words
S = Search for verbs and subjects and check
E.g.
P = The formula for a simple sentence is Subject + Verb
E = What words can you pick for S? Person, Place, Thing, Ideas
What kinds of words can you pick for V? Action words, for example
N = Write the words you have chosen

Remember you need:
a capital letter at the beginning;
punctuation at the end.
E.g. She studied.
S = Ask yourself: Does my sentence meet these requirements?
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
110
INCLUSION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
103

1.
To help you write paragraphs, use the Acronym PLEASE.

P = Pick
Pick a topic;
Pick your audience;
Pick the appropriate textual format given the topic, purpose and audience.
L = List
List information/ideas about the topic.
(This is to be used for sentence generation)
E = Evaluate
Evaluate your list of ideas;
Evaluate if it is complete;
Evaluate/Plan the best way of organising or sequencing the ideas that will
be used to generate supporting sentences.
A = Activate
Activate the paragraph with a short and simple topic sentence.
S = Supply
Supply supporting sentences based on items from the list and gradually
enhance the idea by generating clarifying or expansion sentences.
E = End
End with a concluding sentence to summarise the paragraph,
and hold the ideas together.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
INCLUSION
104
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________

1. When looking for errors, editing and revising keep the acronym COPS in mind.
This acronym is quite useful when you
proofread your own writing after completion of a rough draft;
check your work or a colleagues before handing in an assignment;
check a group work after each draft;
proofread essay exam questions.
See how it works:
C = Capitalise
Have you capitalised
- the rst word?
Dont forget that the names of

languages and nationalities are
always capitalised in English.
- proper nouns?
- titles?
O = Overall
How is the overall appearance?
- spaces between words and double spaces between lines;
- neat printing/writing/typing;
- paragraphs are indented;
- paragraphs follow the model;
- complete sentences used.
P = Punctuation
Is the punctuation correct?
- proper end marks;
- comas;
- semi-colons, colons, quotation marks, and hyphens as required.
S = Spelling
Have you spelled all the words correctly?
- use tools such as lists, word walls, dictionaries, word study
notebooks, and spell check technology.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
112
INCLUSION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
105

1.
When producing a written assignment you should organise and construct sentences and paragraphs
in a clear and logical sequence.
Parts of a theme:
Title catchy titles should name the subject of the theme and grab the readers attention;
Introduction/Introductory Paragraph tells the main idea or topic of the theme, includes the
thesis statement; a sentence or two contains the focus of your essay and tells your reader what
the essay is going to be about;
Body/Detail Paragraphs form the body of the theme. Each paragraph covers a group of details
related to each other. Each contains a topic / transition sentence that tells what the paragraph is
about (topic sentence).
Conclusion/Concluding Paragraph reminds the reader what the
theme covered was and makes the reader think more of the topic.
2.
Now check the TOWER strategy.

PROCESS
Think
ACTIVITY
Think about the topic and what you can say about
it discuss brainstorming, etc. Ask yourself who, what,
where, when, why, which and how questions on the
chosen topic.
Organise
Organise the ideas using a graphic organiser of your

choice: diagram, mind map, ow chart...
Write
Write the rst draft.
Evaluate/Edit
Evaluate/Edit your draft: self-edit or peer-edit using a

dierent colour to make corrections.
Rene/Rewrite
Rene/Rewrite the nal draft and submit it.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
INCLUSION
106
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
PALS PEER-ASSISTED LEARNING STRATEGY

1. You are going to experiment the Peer-Assisted Learning Strategy (PALS), a peer tutoring program.
2. This will be a reading activity and it will last for about 25 to 35 minutes.
3. You will work in pairs chosen by your teacher.
4. There will be a READER and a COACH, and you will change
roles every 5 minutes.
READER: You should read quickly, carefully and with
expression;
COACH: Read along silently and help the reader with hard
words and mistakes.
5. You must follow these rules:

Talk only to your partner and only about the PALS activity;
Keep your voice low;
Cooperate with your partner;
Try your best.
6. Your teacher will circulate around the classroom and observe you, providing feedback and
remedial lessons where necessary.
Note: You can try the PALS strategy with other activities, for example to help promote reading
uency and comprehension:
You must follow these steps.
1. Reading with a partner;
2. Paragraph shrinking (stopping at the end of each paragraph to identify the main idea);
3. Prediction relay (requires you to formulate and conrm or disconrm hypotheses).
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
114
INCLUSION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
107
GRAPHIC ORGANISERS 1
1. Graphic
organisers help you to visually display, interpret, and understand complex topics. You
also use them when youre reading to help you nd the main ideas, facts, plot, setting, and
characters in a story or just the main ideas in a text.
2. Look at the following example.
Human conversion of forest land into non-forest land

X
Is a type or part
OR
Is a member of this group
TOPIC
Deforestation
Key
ey things to remember about this topic
Its important because
There are many negative consequences of deforestation

including disrupting the carbon and water cycles, soil
erosion, and extinction of certain types of plant species
that depend on the trees in the forest.
Trees are beeing cut down to provide land for crops

to feed the growing population.
Logging is another practice that has a big impact on

deforestation and destroys trees.
Draw a picture about the topic
Sometimes our actions are harmful to plant life even

though they are good for us.
The carbon cycle is affected by an increase of carbon

in the air that would be eliminated by trees.
Is like
tearing apart your favourite toy to get a battery out of it. You are destroying something that is very important to you to get something
that is also useful out of it. It is a hard decision to make, but we must weigh all the cost and decide what is best for everything involved.
http://www.graphicorganizers.com/smart-visuals-tm---science-samples.html, accessed in January 2014
3. Create
your own graph concept map, KWL (What I Know, What I Want to Know, What I Have
Learned) chart, checklist, story maps on a text/story you are working on.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
INCLUSION
108
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
GRAPHIC ORGANISERS 2
Visual organisers are extremely valuable techniques, and there are many dierent types. It is useful
to select a format that matches the type of information you are reading. Three of many ways that
organisers may be used are:
Before reading before beginning, create an organiser of the primary sections. Then during the
reading, add additional details.
While reading create an organiser using information as it appears.
After reading create an organiser to summarise the information.
Check some examples of common types of visual organisers:

Person, Place,
Thing
Attribute
Descriptor
Effect
Attribute
Descriptor
Descriptor
Cause
Attribute
Descriptor
Descriptor
Effect
Descriptor
Effect
A descriptive organiser focusing on

attributes of a person, place, or thing.
One cause leads to many eects.
Cause and Effect Organizer
Intro
Beginning
Cause
Cause
Cause
Advantages
Problems
Middle
Event
Solutions
Cause
Cause
Cause
End
Conclusion
Many causes lead to an

event.
An event can
be organised
beginning with
what happened
rst.
Progression from
an introduction to
a conclusion.
http://www.ldonline.org/article/5598/ (adapted and abridged), accessed in January 2014

PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
116
INCLUSION
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
109
K-W-L STRATEGY
1.
The K-W-L Strategy helps you become a good reader. It helps you learn to activate your background
knowledge and to set purposes for reading.
2.
KWL stands for What I Know, What I Want to Learn, and reviewing What I Have Learned
Know-Want-Learned.
3.
The following chart shows you the steps in each part of the procedure:
What I Know
Students discuss what they

already know about a topic in
the text they will be reading.
The teacher has students list
ideas and concepts related
to the topic, then has them
organise their ideas into broad
categories.
4.
What I Want To Learn
What I Learned
Students discuss what they

want to learn from reading the
text and write down specic
questions that they think may
be answered in the text.
After reading the text,

students discuss what they
learned from it. They then
write what they learned and
answer student - generated
questions about topics that
were addressed in the text.
Choose a topic you are studying and create your own KLW chart:
What I Know
What I Want To Learn
What I Learned
http://www.readingrockets.org/article/29202 (adapted and abridged)
PHOTOCOPIABLE
INCLUSION
110
NAME: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
THE FIVE FINGER RETELL STRATEGY

The Five Finger Retell Strategy helps you understand the components of a retell and the main idea
or heart of the text.
It is called Five Finger Retell because you can use your ngers to help you memorise the retelling
components.
Each nger represents one of the following questions:
1. Characters: Who is the story mostly about?
2. Setting: Where and when does the story take place?
3. Sequence of events: 2 or more things that happened.
4. Problem: What was the problem?
5. Solution: How was the problem solved?
Middle of the hand: The heart of the text (What is the big idea or lesson the author wants you to
gure out?)
Who is in
the story?
s
ter
rac
Ch
Theme or
Main Idea
The HEART
of the Authors
Message
Setting
Where and when does the

Story take place?
Sequence of Events
Problem
Solu
tion
What events happened in the

beginning? Middle? End?
What was the problem

in the story?
How is the problem
solved?
http://heritage.shs.k12.ny.us/HH_Teacher_Pages/chasem/022097D2-00758307.3/comprehension_Five_Finger_Retell.pdf, accessed in January 2014
1.
Use the Five Finger Retell Strategy to tell the class about a text youve just read.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
118
ANSWER
ANSWER
KEY KEY
GEOLOGY
2.
j. Morphology
FAULTS
a. sugar
k. Taxonomy
1.
b. ribose
1.1
c. deoxyribose
a. Strike-slip faults
d. molecule
GEOGRAPHY
b. Normal faults
e. helix
ABBREVIATIONS
c. Thrust faults
f. antiparallel
1.
g. prime
a. European Regional Development Fund
1.2
h. pentose
b. European Agricultural Fund for Rural
a. Normal fault
i. thymine
Development
b. Thrust fault
j. uracil
c. Common Agricultural Policy
c. Strike-slip fault
k. methyl
PALEOENVIRONMENTS
1.
a. geology
b. past
c. organisms
d. environmental
e. fossilized
f. paleoenvironmental
g. microfossils
h. humans
i. future
j. changes
k. paleontology
d. European Agricultural Guarantee Fund

e. European Agricultural Guidance and
LIFE CYCLES
Guarantee Fund
1.
f. European Social Fund
a. Stigma
g. Liaisons entre actions de developpement
b. Ovary
de lconomie rurale (links between actions
c. Filament
for the development of the rural economy
d. Meiosis
or Rural Development Programme)
e. Mitosis
h. World Trade Organisation
f. Egg
g. Endosperm
2.
h. Sperm
1. d
i. Pollen tube
2. f
j. Tube nucleus
3. g
4. c
l. predictive
m. pollutant
KINGDOMS OF LIVING THINGS
5. b
n. coastal
1.
6. h
o. melting
a. 3
7. e
b. 5
8. a
GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

1.
c. 1
d. 2
3.
a. Paleozoic
e. 4
a. CAP
b. EAGGF
b. Cenozoic
c. Holocene
2.
c. LEADER
d. Pliocene
a. Plantae
d. EAFRD
e. Oligocene
b. Animalia
e. WTO
f. Jurassic
c. Monera
f. EAGF
g. Permian
d. Fungi
g. ESF
h. Devonian
e. Protista
h. ERDF
3.
URBAN SPACES QUIZ
a. Monera and Fungi
1.1 a
ENERGY QUIZ
b. Plantae
1.2 c
1.
c. Protista
1.3 a
1.1 b
d. Animalia
1.4 b
1.3 a
GLOSSARY OF TERMS
1.6 c
1.4 c
1.
1.5 b
a. Amphibia
THE LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA
1.6 c
b. Anaerobic
1.
c. Chondrichthyes
a. growth
BIOLOGY
d. Chromosomes
b. reduced
DNA & RNA
e. Convergence
c. is
1.
f. Double Helix
d. been
a. DNA helix structure
g. Enzymes
e. many
b. Structure of RNA (hairpin loop from
h. Linnaean
f. than
pre-mRNA)
i. Mollusca
g. though
i. Cambrian
j. Archean
1.5 b
1.2 a
119
11911.11.o oAno
Ano BRIDGES
BRIDGES
PHOTOCOPIABLE
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
h. quickest
g. Telescope
c. nitric acid emission
i. this
h. Universe.
d. wind
j. are also
e. sulfuric acid emission
k. phenomenon
f. acid snow
l. includes
CHEMISTRY
g. acid rain
m. which
ACIDS
h. nitrogen oxide emission
n. ago
1.
i. sulfur dioxide emission
o. sixties
a. HF
j. fossil fuel
b. HCl
k. lake acidication
c. HBr
l. water course
PHYSICS
d. HI
m. water table
FAMOUS PHYSICISTS
e. H2S
n. leaching
1.
f. HNO3
o. soil
1.1 c
g. HNO2
1.2 c
h. HClO
OXIDATION-REDUCTION QUIZ
1.3 b
i. HClO2
1.
1.4 b
j. HClO3
1.1 c
1.5 c
k. HClO4
1.2 a
1.6 a
l. H2SO4
1.3 a
m. H2SO3
1.4 c
LAWS OF MOTION
n. H3PO4
1.5 a
1.
o. H3PO3
1.6 b
p. H2CO3
1.7 b
a. 2nd Law of Motion

b. 3rd Law of Motion
q. HC2H3O2
c. 1st Law of Motion
r. H2C2O4
2. Law of inertia.
s. H3BO3
MATHEMATICS
t. H2SiO3
APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY IN REAL

LIFE
3.
2.
1.
a. Second Law of Motion
Hydrochloric acid
a. The sine and cosine functions are funda-
Hydrobromic acid
mental to the theory of periodic functions
Hydroiodic acid
such as those that describe sound and light
Nitric acid
waves.
b. Third Law of Motion

c. First Law of Motion
TYPES OF WAVES
1.
a. disturbances
Perchloric acid
b. It is used in nding the distance between
Sulfuric acid
celestial bodies.
c. It is commonly used in nding the height
b. medium
BASES
c. interactions
d. Particles
e. wave
of towers and mountains.
1.
d. It is used in navigation to nd the distance
a. Strong bases
of the shore from a point in the sea.
b. Weak bases
f. original
GEOMETRY GLOSSARY
g. energy
h. characteristics
i. types
j. propagation
2.
1.
Strong bases: d.; f.; c.
a. 12
Weak bases: a.; b.; e.; g.
b. 16
c. 7
k. travel
3.
d. 5
a. 6
e. 3
2.
b. 1
f. 6
a. 1
c. 3
g. 9
b. 2
d. 7
h. 4
e. 4
i. 10
BIG BANG THEORY
f. 5
j. 1
a. 1929
g. 2
k. 8.
l. 11
b. Edwin Hubble
c. Milky Way
ACID RAIN
m. 14
d. 14
1.
n. 2
e. Big Bang
a. atmosphere
o. 15
f. Albert Einstein
b. cloudwater
p. 13
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
120
ANSWER KEY
CALCULUS GLOSSARY
French ultramarine
institutions,
1. Boundary
Indigo
values,
2. Dierential equation
Lapis lazuli
collectively
3. Vector
Purples:
economic decision making.
4. Velocity
Caput mortuum
Entrepreneur
5. Innitesimal
Cobalt violet
manages, and assumes the risks of a
6. Asymptote
Manganese violet
business or enterprise.
7. Absolute maximum
Tyrian purple
Goods Objects that can satisfy peoples
8. Innite
Browns:
wants.
9. Convergence
Bistre
Households
10. Limit
Bone brown
units which, as consumers, buy goods
11. Convergent series
Burnt sienna
and services from rms and, as resource
12 Indenite Integral
Vandyke brown
owners, sell or rent productive resources to
Blacks:
business rms.
Bone black
Market A setting where buyers and sellers
ARTS
Ivory black
establish prices for identical or very similar
MATERIALS PROPERTIES QUIZ
Lampblack
products, and exchange goods and/or
1.1 b
and
Whites:
1.3 c
Lead white
1.4 a
Titanium white
1.5 b
Zinc white
1.6 c
Cremnitz white
human
provide
who
Individuals
for
organizes,
and
family
Services Activities that can satisfy

peoples wants.
CIRCULAR FLOW OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY
b. more
ECONOMIC TERMS GLOSSARY
1. The circular ow of economic activity

is a model of an economy showing the
c. less
interactions between households and
1.
business rms as they exchange goods
e. hot-press paper
f. weights
B
X
and services and resources in markets.
g. softer
h. more
i. darker
l. will
m. good
b. Firms
n. nal
c. Households
d. capital
e. Wages
f. Income
Reds:
that
framework
services (also called productive resources).
ECONOMICS
COLOURS
One
motivations
a
made aids to production of goods and
a. bers
k. more
controlling
Resources All natural, human, and human-
TYPES OF PAPERS
j. weight
activities,
services.
1.2 a
d. three
laws,
1.1 It is also known as circular ow of goods

and services.
2.
a. Revenue
Cadmium red
Carmine
1.1
GOVERNMENT BUDGET
Dragons blood
Benet The gain received from voluntary
1.
Vermilion
exchange.
a. has
Yellows:
Capital All buildings, equipment and
b. Its
Barium yellow
human skills used to produce goods and
c. meet
Cadmium yellow
services.
d. growth
Lead-tin yellow
Consumers People whose wants are
e. these
Yellow ocher
satised by consuming particular goods
f. all
Greens:
and services.
g. getting
Emerald green
Deation A sustained and continuous
h. so that
Sap green
decrease in the general price level.
i. termed
Terre verte
Demand A schedule of how much
j. which
Verdigris
consumers are willing and able to buy at all
k. shows
Blues:
possible prices during some time period.
l. runs
Azurite
Economic system The collection of
m. most
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
2.
j. union
a. Budget
k. Second
LITERARY TERMS & DEVICES
b. Revenue
l. British
1.
c. capital
m. Caribbean
a. 4
d. Receipts
b. 7
e. Tax
c. 2
PHILOSOPHY
ARGUMENTATION
THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION
d. 6
1.
e. 11
a. 6
f. 5
g. 9
b. 1
1.
h. 8
c. 3
a. Validity
i. 12
d. 10
b. argument
j. 10
e. 7
c. proposition
d. premise
f. 2
e. Truth
g. 9
k. 1
l. 3
h. 11
2.
i. 4
a. 3
j. 8
b. 2
k. 5
PORTUGUESE WRITERS
1.
a. Padre Antnio Vieira
c. 1
b. Almeida Garrett
2.
3.
c. Antero de Quental
Signing of the Treaty of Paris
a. valid premises proof
d. Alexandre Herculano
Sugar Act
b. invalid logically false true
e. Camilo Castelo Branco
Stamp Act
f. Cesrio Verde
British troops arrive in Boston in response to
g. Ea de Queirs
political unrest
VALIDITY OF ARGUMENTS
Boston Massacre
1.
2.
Boston Tea Party
a. True Premises, False Conclusion
Continental
b. True Premises, True Conclusion
Congress
Washington
c. False Premises, False Conclusion
a. Camilo Castelo Branco

appoints
George
commander-in-chief
of
b. Alexandre Herculano
c. Antero de Quental
Continental Army
d. Padre Antnio Vieira
France recognises US Independence
e. Cesrio Verde
Ratication of the Articles of Confederation
f. Ea de Queirs
HISTORY
British
g. Almeida Garrett
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION QUIZ
negotiations
1.
Adoption of the American Constitution
d. False Premises, True Conclusion
Government
authorises
peace
EA DE QUEIRS AND ENGLAND
1.1 a
1.2 c
3.
1.3 b
a. 4
1.4 b
b. 1
1.5 c
c. 2
1.6 a
d. 3
1.7 c
1.
a. arrived
b. where
c. was
d. primarily
e. broadest
f. However
MUSIC
THE ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE
1.
1.
g. which
h. novels
i. latter
a. Bach
j. saw
b. Mozart
k. journalistic
c. Beethoven
l. proudest
d. captives
d. Schubert
m. most
e. ethnic
e. Domingos Bontempo
n. conducted
f. First
f. Verdi
o. imagining
g. Portuguese
g. Wagner
p. refuge
h. Spanish
h. Viana da Mota
q. its
i. near-monopoly
i. Zeca Afonso
r. much
a. Atlantic Ocean
b. New World
c. European
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
122
ANSWER KEY
CESRIO VERDE
h. 8
states that more important than the money
1.
i. 2
tourists may bring, and that will help
(Poema Original)
j. 6
develop the local economy, is a peaceful
Sentimento dum Ocidental
2.
3. Personal answer.
a. Three-point line
4. Personal answer.
AVE-MARIAS
b. Free Throw line
Nas nossas ruas, ao anoitecer,
c. Midcourt line
MONICA ALI
H tal soturnidade, h tal melancolia,
d. Sideline
2.
FOOTBALL TERMS
Lane neighbourhood), looking down from a
1.
window at children playing.
and dignied life.
Que as sombras, o bulcio, o Tejo, a maresia

Despertam-me um desejo absurdo de sofrer.
2.1 Hes in a room in an estate (The Brick
O cu parece baixo e de neblina,
a. assist
2.2 He is talking about some kids he sees
O gs extravasado enjoa-me, perturba;
b. attacker
on the street, some of them twelve years
E os edifcios, com as chamins, e a turba
c. back
old, who he says are drug addicts. He tells
Toldam-se duma cor montona e londrina.
d. clear
Nazneen about how drugs have invaded the
e. counterattack
neighbourhood.
Batem os carros de aluguer, ao fundo,
f. referee
2.3 In Karims opinion, when black people
Levando via-frrea os que se vo. Felizes!
g. penalty
got organized, the government, and the FBI,
Ocorrem-me em revista, exposies,
h. midelder
tried to beat them and keep them quiet by
pases: Madrid, Paris, Berlim,
i. forward
ooding them with drugs.
Sampetersburgo, o mundo!
j. striker
2.4 No, it isnt, because this way they will
k. wing
not be able to react, as they will be under

the eect of drugs. According to Karim, the
Semelham-se a gaiolas, com viveiros,
Mystery word: Physical Education
government is afraid of Muslims, and this will
As edicaes somente emadeiradas:
keep them away from the political scene.
Como morcegos, ao cair das badaladas,

Saltam de viga em viga, os mestres
LITERATURE
WRITING A BLURB
carpinteiros.
AS BYATT
1. A blurb is a short description of a book,
2. The main character was born in Filey, on
lm, or other product written for promotional
the east Yorkshire coast.
purposes.
PHYSICAL EDUCATION
3. Personal answer.
RUNNING
3.1 Personal answer.
JD SALINGER
1.
4. Personal answer.
1.
a. Marathon
5. Personal answer.
a. Catcher in the Rye
b. Sprint
b. Franny and Zooey
c. Long distance
SAVANNAH BROWN
d. Middle distance
1. Slam Poetry is poetry competition in
Seymour, an Introduction
e. Hurdles
which poets perform original work alone or
d. Nine Stories
f. Ultramarathon
in teams before an audience, which serves
c. Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters, and
ATHENA N. EDMONDS
as judge.
2.
2.
a. 1
2.
b. 5
esteem, the concept of beauty, societys
2.2 b
c. 3
expectations towards girls (but also boys),
2.3 c
d. 2
the power of the media in manipulating
2.4 b
e. 6
opinions, perpetuating and spreading the
f. 4
predominant ideology, and the importance
FERNANDO PESSOA
of ghting against prejudice and learning to
1.
value oneself for who we really are.
a. 2
BASKETBALL
She
focuses
on
self
image,
self
1.
2.1 a
b. 5
a. 10
BENJAMIN ZEPHANIAH
c. 4
b. 9
2. The poem is about tourists behaviour
d. 7
c. 3
when they go on holidays to a dierent
e. 6
d. 7
country. The narrator is complaining about
f. 3
e. 5
their behaviour and attitude towards locals
g. 9
f. 1
while at the same time showing admiration
h. 8
g. 4
for those who respect locals. S/he also
i. 1
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
2. thee thee thou wert thou hadst
ROYALS
makes it sound like Lorde realizes that as
thou livdst thou wert Nay thy Thy
1.
wonderful a world as that would be for her,
thy thee thou wert thee sans thy
a. movies
where she gets to be a pop star while being
thy
b. dreams
herself and still speaking for her small-town
c. aair
friends, the whole thing is pretty farfetched
d. buzz
and will probably never happen.
e. party
http://popdust.com/2013/09/12/lyrics-analysis-will-
3. Personal answer.
FIGURES OF SPEECH QUIZ
becoming-a-royal-herself-come-back-to-haunt-lorde/
1.
2.1 She lived in a small-town, and grew up in
1.1 b
the suburbs of Auckland, New Zealand.
COUNTING STARS
1.2 c
2.2 She thinks songs are too shallow, and
1.
1.3 b
they all sell the same sex, drugs, crime.
a. sleep
1.4 a
She dislikes this pop culture shes exposed
b. dollars
1.5 a
to. She doesnt enjoy this ostentation and
c. line
1.6 c
she cant relate to it.
d. nd
2.3 There are dierent (and arguably
e. bold
GRAPHIC NOVELS ADAPTATIONS OF CLASSIC
conicting) sentiments expressed in the
f. told
LITERATURE
song. The Cadillacs in our dreams line
g. thing
1. Moby Dick, by Herman Melville.
makes it sound like Lorde and her implied
h. alive
friends dont live the pop lifestyle because

WOMEN CELEBRATING WOMEN
they dont have the means, but are OK with
2. Perhaps the lead singer and his wife or
2.
it because they can fantasise about it with
girlfriend.
2.1 The name of the main character is Hillary.
one another and thats almost as good.
3. They are trying to make a living and so
2.2 Her deepest dream is to get married:
But the love aair line makes it sound
they need to pay their bills, like everyone
She dreamed of oating up the aisle in
like theyre simply not buying what the pop
does.
frothy white, to stand beside a dark-suited
world is selling, that they dont want the
gure. He slipped a golden band onto her
Cadillacs at all, that they arent tempted
4. Maybe something good happens or
nger (...)
but such showiness. The conict of this
luck strikes. If so, they will be nding their
2.3 Her greatest asset, according to her
message is echoed in the sentiments of the
way through hard times and stop counting
mother, is her brain, her intelligence.
chorus: And well never be royals (royals).
dollars. They will be enjoying life, and
2.4 She falls in love with her professor and
It dont run in our blood, That kind of lux
counting stars.
she marries him.
just aint for us. We crave a dierent kind
2.5 Her mother didnt like it and she cried
of buzz.
5. Maybe this means that he is still quite
during the wedding. She left immediately
2.4 This refers to her roots once again. She
young, but he doesnt feel brave, and still
after the wedding.
came from a humble background.
needs some encouragement. The world
2.6 Both mutton and lamb are the meat of
2.5 The Royals of the title makes its
hasnt been sold: its only that he and other
the sheep, but while the latter is a young
appearance as an obvious stand-in noun
people are good at following orders.
sheep, the former is an older one. So the
for standard pop stardom, a status which
mother is referring to the dierence of ages
Lorde declares herself not only to not be a
6. This statement means that money is
between the Professor and her daughter.
part of by her DNA, even but which she
important but higher values mean more.
She is criticizing him for wanting to feel
seems to hold no aspiration towards, saying
Fighting for your dreams and having that
younger by marrying a younger girl.
that she wants something else out of her
wonderful sense of accomplishment is
2.7 She reveres him; she wants to please
life and her music. However, the second part
incomparable, especially when you feel
him because she thinks he can never be
of the chorus oers a somewhat dierent
passionate and dedicate yourself 100% to
wrong. She adopts a submissive attitude
perspective: Let me be your ruler (ruler), You
make it happen.
and changes her personality for him.
can call me queen Bee And baby Ill rule, Ill

rule, Ill rule, Ill rule. Let me live that fantasy.
FIFTEEN
MUSIC
Here, Lorde does seem to be shooting
1. Model answer: It will be about a
BANDS AND SINGERS
for some sort of pop stardom, though the
fteen-year-old girl and her life.
1.
changing of we to me and you makes it
a. Christina Aguilera
sound like now shes addressing her friends
b. Michael Bubl
as their representative to the outside world.
c. Boyce Avenue
In other words, it seems like Lorde does
FIVE OCLOCK WORLD
d. Anastacia
want a seat at the mainstream pop table,
1.
e. Miley Cyrus
but perhaps only on her own terms, and only
a. job
f. John Legend
as long as she continues to express the
b. pounding
views of her own people.
c. blows
The nal line, Let me live that fantasy,
d. Thinking
2. Personal answer.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
124
3. Personal answer.
ANSWER KEY
e. made
whole world on one boat. It was like a vision;
Wall came down, it signalled the beginning
f. end
everyone was talking the same language. It
of the total collapse of the Iron Curtain in
g. time
was a very positive vibe. That night was the
Europe, which would reach all the way up
basic inspiration for Wind Of Change.
to the very hub of communism: Russia. The
2. This song is related with the working
It was the same year this song was written
Cold War, which had gripped the world and
world. Usually workers nish their work at
that the world changed forever. Modern
glued us to the edge of our seats for ve
ve oclock, and there is also that expression
history will record that in late summer of
decades, was nally over.
working from nine to ve.
1989, Communist Europe ceased to be.
In 2005, viewers of the German television
Wind of Change rose to be the unocial
network ZDF chose Wind of Change as
3. He feels free as no one owns his free
theme song of the dismantling of the Berlin
the song of the century. It is the highest-
time. He can do whatever he pleases and
Wall, late in the summer of 1989.
ever selling song in Germany, and is
meet whoever he wishes. The world looks
The Berlin Wall was erected in 1961 and
frequently played with footage of the Wall
much better after ve oclock.
separated two German states for 28 years.
coming down. This song is also widely
West Berlin was part of west Germany, a
known in Germany as the song of German
4. He feels stressed out. It seems as though
capitalist democracy, while East Berlin was
reunication (and the fall of communism
he needs to wake up only because he
the capital of East Germany, a communist
in Eastern Europe, generally), even though
needs to get to work, and then he has to
state largely controlled from Moscow.
it only rose to popularity two years after.
go through all these people, these crowded
The Wall was over 96 miles long and was
(www.rockremembers.com/2008/09/wind-
places, and he feels anxious and irritated
actually two walls back to back. In 1975,
of-change-scorpions-1989-rock.html)
at the same time. The morning noise drives
the nal modications to The Wall were
him crazy.
added, constructed from 45,000 sections
4. Model answer: This means that people
of reinforced concrete each 12 feet high
who used to be on dierent sides are now
5. No, he doesnt. He works because he has
and 4 feet thick. It had 116 watchtowers,
breathing the same air and sharing the
to, to carn his pay, not because he loves it.
20 bunkers, barbed wire, canine patrols,
same beliefs, as brothers. The future is
fakir beds (beds of nails under balconies)
close, things are about to change for the
6. He is eager to leave work because he
and anti-vehicle trenches that guarded
better.
can do whatever he wants, and there is a
a no mans land...the death strip area in
longhaired girl waiting for him.
between the two walls. It was paved with
21ST CENTURY LIFE
raked gravel, which made it easy to spot
1.
WIND OF CHANGE
footprints.
a. century
1.
When the border between East and West
b. future
a. night
Berlin was ocially closed on August 13th
c. 21,000
b. air
1961, families were abruptly separated.
d. TV
c. moment
People who commuted to work from East
e. disease
d. street
to West were instantly either homeless or
e. dreams
without employment. At least 136 people
f. time
are conrmed killed trying to escape from
2.1 He thought about how life would be in
East to West Berlin (but there were probably
the future.
2.
2. The Moskva is the name of a river that
many, many more unconrmed), and
2.2 It means that the present and future are
runs through Moscow and Gorky Park is an
countless documented and undocumented
combined, as everything changes quickly
amusement park in Moscow.
desperate successful and failed escape
and around him all the time.
attempts.
2.3 Maybe because too much has changed
Ironically, the collectiveness The Scorpions
and he didnt have the time or energy to
(and everyone else) experienced at the
cope with it all.
3. a
Background information
Moscow Music Peace Festival would not
The Meine brothers (aka The Scorpions)
end when the Music Peace Festival ended.
LIFETIME
began writing this song in 1989 after a
Wind of Change celebrated the political
1.
visit to Moscow. They were actually the
shift in Eastern Europe. Although Winds of
a. 5
rst hard rock band ever to play in Russia.
Change wasnt written specically about
b. 3
They returned the following year to play the
the Berlin Wall, the feelings of the world and
c. 1
Moscow Music Peace Festival. It was then
the lyrics of the Meines became linked with
d. 4
that the words to this song were written.
it. The Berlin Wall was an icon of the rule of
e. 2
They were inspired by the sight of thousands
tyranny and poverty behind the Iron Curtain,
of Russians cheering them on, even though
and it was one of the largest, most real,
2. Model answer: This song is about how
they were German. Lead singer Klaus Meine
tangible, material objects that smacked
nothing really lasts forever, but in her life
is quoted as saying, Everyone was there:
the face of humanity and said that the
music and the ideas she has will last.
the Red Army, journalists, musicians from
Cold War was real... and it was so much
Germany, from America, from Russia the
more than simple politics. When the Berlin
3. Personal answer.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
ANSWER KEY
ON TOP OF THE WORLD
2. Model answer: I think its about being
happy
and
feeling
great,
and
BECAUSE WE CAN
consequences (e.g., depression, anxiety
1. e-g-a-e-c-d-f-d-d-f
and social isolation).
nally
www.apa.org/topics/immigration/undocumented-video.
appreciating your life after feeling down for
aspx
a while. Its like you dont know what you
CINEMA
have until youve lost it, so you might as
UNDOCUMENTED AMERICANS
well appreciate everything you have, and
1.
ANITA & ME
also that it sometimes can be hard to feel
a. young people
1.
happy and appreciate life, but you have to
b. status
a. Indian
work for it and it will eventually be worth
c. parents
b. adolescence
it, when you nally get that feeling of
d. citizens
c. dysfunctional
being on top of the world. The song itself
e. families
d. brother
band after striving for years to become
2.
THE BUTLER
successful.
2.1 Cant drive, cant vote, cant get a job.
1.
is a celebration of accomplishment for the
2.2 They feel isolated, by themselves.
1.1 a
3. Because everything changes suddenly.
2.3 Living in an invisible prison, trapped
1.2 b
Not everything in life is under our control,
behind invisible bars and one is stuck there
1.3 c
with ones family.
1.4 a
2.4 Heartbroken and confused.
1.5 b
2.5 Detention and deportation.
1.6. a
and so we should do whatever we have to

do right away.
4. Personal answer.
2.6 He was detained for 24 hours for being
BROKEN ENGLISH
1.
a. (a)uthority
UP IN THE AIR
to college.
1.
2.7 Going to college.
1.1 b
2.8 She couldnt do anything because she
b. (m)outh
didnt have any documents.
c. (u)nderstand
e. (w)ords
our history, generations of immigrants
2.1 Model answer: It might be representing

his own world.
2.2 Because there is a language barrier
prevents
communication
from
eectively taking place, which is both

confusing and challenging.
seeking a better life for themselves and

their families have come to this country
and made it what it is today. Pedro, JongMin and Silvia demonstrate traits we highly
value in American society; they are all
ambitious and motivated, intelligent and
conscientious young people. They want

2.4 It means that messages get mixed up
1.3 c
1.5 c
3. America is a nation of immigrants. Over
2.
1.2 a
1.4 a
2.9 She started a fundraising campaign.
d. (l)anguage
which
found on a Greyhound bus on his way back
to do great things and are committed to
because the means to communicate are
serving their communities. Jong-Min wants
dierent. Languages can be as messed up
to become a Supreme Court justice, Pedro
as we humans can be.
is a teacher and Silvia does volunteer

community artwork with children separated
1.6 b
IN AMERICA
1.
a. and
b. from
c. the
d. to
e. who
f. through
g. up
h. well
i. that / which
j. by
k. not
JAMES ARTHUR
from their undocumented parents. This level
l. are
1.
of engagement and activism represents
m. it
l.2 took take
the American experience that most of
n. so
l.5 are were
us imagine. Having immigrated to the
o. but
l.7 forget forgot
U.S. at such young ages, like so many
p. This
l.10 was is
undocumented youth, they acculturated
q. like
l.12 win won
to the same American language, culture
r. into
l.14 knew know
and values that their U.S.-born peers did.
l.17 went is gone
However, undocumented youth in America
DO THE MATH
l.14 hope hoped
experience a dierent reality a dierent
1.
l.30 wore wear
America. Research shows that continued
a. greatest
l.37 went go
discrimination
b. uncomfortable
2. Personal answer.
PHOTOCOPIABLE
BRIDGES 11.o Ano
126
toward
immigrants
by
greater society can make acculturation
c. particularly
dicult and has negative mental health
d. humanity
ANSWER KEY
e. climatologist
AFRICA UNITED
f. scientic
1.
1.1 Three boys and a girl.
BEASTS OF THE SOUTHERN WILD
1.2 They want to go to the Football World
1.
Cup 2010 in South Africa.
1.1 a
1.2 b
1.3 c
1.4 a
2.
1.5 b
2.1 b
2.2 c
MY SISTERS KEEPER
1. Personal answer.
2.
2.1 b
2.2 a
2.3 b
2.4 c
3.
3.1 They said Kate was a miracle. She
shouldnt have lived past ve years old. They
2.3 a
2.4 b
SKET
1.
1.1 I can see several girls. They look extremely
aggressive, and one of them is using a bat.
Another seems to be kicking something or
someone, and another one seems to be
hitting something or someone. The words
written on the poster are also very strong,
such as raw, gritty, gripping, hard
hitting. The whole message seems to be
also talked about Annas decision, and how
extremely powerful.
it would aect her future life. Still, most of
1.2 The girls seem to be together, as in a
them were for the kidney donation, and not
group. The setting might be the streets and
against it.
as for the story they might be ghting for
3.2 She got to save her sisters life.
their survival on the streets.

1.3 This posters image doesnt t with the
4.
image of girls we are usually shown. Girls are
a. (...) newborn (baby).
usually shown in a much more romantic or
b. (...) lymphocytes (her blood).
sexier way, and not as aggressive as on the
c. (...) hospitalised for six days.
poster.
PHOTOCOPIABLE

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Portuguese Literature .......................................................................................................... 46

LITERATURE, MUSIC, CINEMA, SPEAKING ACTIVITIES

1.2 Label the following faults accordingly.

Complete the text below with the words given.

One of the basic tenets of

______________________ in the present is the key to the

the (e) __________________________ representatives of the modern organisms as (f) __________________________

______________________, along with biostratigraphy, is of great signicance in

the search for oil and gas.

relevance of these aspects of

______________________. It shows how knowledge obtained via

______________________ ecosystems if sea-level rose as a result of anthropogenic global warming and

subsequent collapse and (o) ______________________ of polar ice sheets.

BRIDGES 11.o Ano

GEOLOGIC TIME SCALE

http://greenforecast.com/what-is-the-geologic-time-scale/ (adapted), accessed in January 2014

7 11.o Ano BRIDGES

r a. Sun, wind, water, and biomass

r a. The fossil fuels go into the earth and cause earthquakes.

BRIDGES 11.o Ano

DNA & RNA

Label the following images using these expressions.

DNA helix structure

lacking a (k) _____________________ group on its ring.

9 11.o Ano BRIDGES

Pollination and Fertilization

BRIDGES 11.o Ano

KINGDOMS OF LIVING THINGS

1. Multicellular lamentous form with specialised eukaryotic cells

2. In what kingdoms are these types of organisms included?

11 11.o Ano BRIDGES

The twisted ladder shape that is characteristic of DNA molecules.

g. Proteins that cause or regulate specic chemical reactions within cells.

The form and structure of an organism.

BRIDGES 11.o Ano

URBAN SPACES QUIZ

r a. How land is utilised within a city

r a. Open space where people can relax within cities

BRIDGES 11.o Ano

THE LISBON METROPOLITAN AREA

The Lisbon Metropolitan Area

15 11.o Ano BRIDGES

ICT AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF CITIES

The ICT behind cities of the future

BRIDGES 11.o Ano

1.2 What nationality was he?

1.3 What were his major interests?

r a. Physics and biology

1.4 What is he famous for?

r a. He is considered the archetype of the Renaissance Man

1.5 What did he invent?

1.6 What important laws did he put forth?

r a. The Laws of Motion

17 11.o Ano BRIDGES

2nd Law of Motion

3rd Law of Motion

b. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. ______________________________________

2. What other name does the 1st Law of Motion have?

BRIDGES 11.o Ano

19 11.o Ano BRIDGES

BIG BANG THEORY

The Big Bang

the (e) representatives of the modern organisms as (f)

The papers (j)

a. An argument is ___ if and only if the