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  • Kekasaran Permukaan

    Transféré par

    doviearga
    40 vues7 pages
    This document discusses surface metrology and surface roughness. It begins by defining surface finish and how designers specify the required roughness value Ra. It then describes different types of geometrical irregularities on surfaces like waviness and roughness. The document outlines various methods that can be used to measure surface finish, including comparison methods and direct instrument measurements using profilometers. It provides details on common surface roughness parameters like Ra, Rq, Rz and Rmax that are used to characterize a surface. Finally, it includes a table with recommended surface roughness values for different manufacturing processes and component applications.

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    surface

    Titre original

    KEKASARAN PERMUKAAN

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    This document discusses surface metrology and surface roughness. It begins by defining surface finish and how designers specify the required roughness value Ra. It then describes different types of geometrical irregularities on surfaces like waviness and roughness. The document outlines various methods that can be used to measure surface finish, including comparison methods and direct instrument measurements using profilometers. It provides details on common surface roughness parameters like Ra, Rq, Rz and Rmax that are used to characterize a surface. Finally, it includes a table with recommended surface roughness values for different manufacturing processes and component applications.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    40 vues7 pages

    Kekasaran Permukaan

    Transféré par

    doviearga
    This document discusses surface metrology and surface roughness. It begins by defining surface finish and how designers specify the required roughness value Ra. It then describes different types of geometrical irregularities on surfaces like waviness and roughness. The document outlines various methods that can be used to measure surface finish, including comparison methods and direct instrument measurements using profilometers. It provides details on common surface roughness parameters like Ra, Rq, Rz and Rmax that are used to characterize a surface. Finally, it includes a table with recommended surface roughness values for different manufacturing processes and component applications.

    Droits d'auteur :

    © All Rights Reserved
    Téléchargez comme PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 7

    Rev 01

    DTM FTUI

    Surface Metrology

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    DTM FTUI

    Surface finish
    The designer
    specs Ra

    Analyze the data


    to evaluate Ra
    Measure the surface finish
    Department of Mechanical Engineering
    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    Rev 01

    DTM FTUI

    Specification of surface finish

    Milling

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    DTM FTUI

    Geometrical irregularities of surface


    Waviness or Secondary Texture
     Irregularities of considerable wavelength of periodic
    character resulting from mechanical disturbances in
    general set up.
     Due to misalignment of centers, lack of straightness of
    guide-ways, non-linier feed motion
     Macro-geometrical error
    Roughness or Primary Texture
     Irregularities of small wavelength caused by the direct
    action of the cutting element on the material or by some
    other disturbances friction, wear
     Due to tool feed rate, tool chatter
     Micro-geometrical error

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    Rev 01

    DTM FTUI

    Geometrical irregularities of surface

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    DTM FTUI

    Methods of Measuring Surface Finish


    Surface inspection by Comparison Methods
     Touch inspection
     Visual inspection
     Scratch inspection
     Micro interferometer
    Direct Instrument Measurements
     Stylus Probe Instruments
    Profilometer
    Tomlinson Surface Meter
    Taylor-Hobson Talysurf
     Replica Methods

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    Rev 01

    DTM FTUI

    Stylus Probe Instruments


    -

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    DTM FTUI

    Parameter of surface roughness


    Arithmetic mean value : Ra
    AA (Arithmetic Average)
    CLA (Center-Line Average)

    Ra =

    a + b + c + d + ...
    ,
    n

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    Rev 01

    DTM FTUI

    Parameter of surface roughness


    Root Mean Square (RMS) average : Rq

    Rq=

    a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + d 2 + ...
    .
    n

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    DTM FTUI

    Parameter of surface roughness

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    10

    Rev 01

    DTM FTUI

    Parameter of surface roughness


    Maximum height of irregularity (Rmax)
    The distance between two line parallel to the mean line
    and touching the profile at the highest point within the
    sampling length

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    DTM FTUI

    11

    Parameter of surface roughness


    Ten point height of irregularities : Rz
    The average differences between the five highest peaks and the five
    deepest valley within the sampling length measured from a line,
    parallel to the mean line and not crossing the profile

    Rz =

    ( R1 + R3 + R 5 + R 7 + R9 ) ( R 2 + R 4 + R 6 + R8 + R10 ).
    ,
    n

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    12

    Rev 01

    DTM FTUI

    Parameter of surface roughness


    (250 in)

    Clearance surfaces
    Rough machine parts

    (16 in)

    Motor Shafts
    Gear teeth (heavy loads)
    Spline shafts
    O-ring grooves (static)
    Antifriction-bearing bores and
    faces
    Camshaft lobes
    Compressor-blade airfoils
    Journals for elastomer lip seals

    (125)

    Mating surfaces (static)


    Chased and cut threads
    Clutch-disk faces
    Surfaces for soft gaskets

    (13)

    Engine cylinder bore


    Pistong outside diameters
    Crankshaft bearings

    (63)

    Piston-pin bores
    Brake drums
    Cylinder block, top
    Gear locating faces
    Gear shafts and bores
    Ratchet and pawl teeth
    Miled threads
    Rolling surfaces
    Gearbox faces
    Pistong crowns
    Turbine-blade dovetails

    (8)

    Jet engine stator blades


    Valve-tappet cam faces
    Hydraulic-cylinder bores
    Lapped antifriction bearings

    (32)

    Broached holes
    Bronze journal bearings
    Gear teeth
    Slideways and gibs
    Press-fit parts
    Piston-rod bushing

    (4)

    Ball-bearing races Piston pins


    Hydraulic piston rods
    Carbon-seal mating surfaces

    Antrifriction bearing seats

    (2)

    Shop-gage faces
    Comparator anvils

    Sealing surfaces for hydraulic


    tube fittings

    (1)

    Bearing balls
    Gages and mirrors
    Micrometer anvils

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    13

    DTM FTUI

    surface roughness of manufacturing processes

    Courtesy of American Standards association

    Department of Mechanical Engineering


    Faculty of Engineering University of Indonesia

    14

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