Filter Design Toolbox

iirlpnorm
Least P-norm optimal IIR filter design

Syntax
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a)
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w)
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w,p)
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w,p,dens)
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w,p,dens,initnum,initden)

Description
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a) returns a filter having a numerator
order n and denominator order d which is the best approximation to the desired
frequency response described by f and a in the least-pth sense. The vector edges
specifies the band-edge frequencies for multi-band designs. An unconstrained
quasi-Newton algorithm is employed and any poles or zeros that lie outside of
the unit circle are reflected back inside. n and d should be chosen so that the
zeros and poles are used effectively. See the "Hints" section. Always use freqz to
check the resulting filter.
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w) uses the weights in w to weight
the error. w has one entry per frequency point (the same length as f and a) which
tells iirlpnorm how much emphasis to put on minimizing the error in the
vicinity of each frequency point relative to the other points. f and a must have the
same number of elements, which may exceed the number of elements in edges.
This allows for the specification of filters having any gain contour within each
band. The frequencies specified in edges must also appear in the vector f. For
example,
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(5,12,[0 .15 .4 .5 1],[0 .4 .5 1],...
[1 1.6 1 0 0],[1 1 1 10 10])
is a lowpass filter with a peak of 1.6 within the passband.
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w,p) where p is a two-element vector
[pmin pmax] allows for the specification of the minimum and maximum values of
p used in the least-pth algorithm. Default is [2 128] which essentially yields the
L-infinity, or Chebyshev, norm. Pmin and pmax should be even. If p is the string

p used in the least-pth algorithm. Default is [2 128] which essentially yields the
L-infinity, or Chebyshev, norm. Pmin and pmax should be even. If p is the string
'inspect', no optimization will occur. This can be used to inspect the initial
pole/zero placement.
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w,p,dens) specifies the grid density
dens used in the optimization. The number of grid points is (dens*(n+d+1)).
The default is 20. dens can be specified as a single-element cell array. The grid is
not equally spaced.
[num,den]=iirlpnorm(n,d,f,edges,a,w,p,dens,initnum,initden) allows
for the specification of the initial estimate of the filter numerator and denominator
coefficients in vectors initnum and initden. This may be useful for difficult
optimization problems. The pole-zero editor in the Signal Processing Toolbox can
be used for generating initnum and initden.
Hints
This is a weighted least-pth optimization.
Check the radii and locations of the poles and zeros for your filter. If the
zeros are on the unit circle and the poles are well inside the unit circle, try
increasing the order of the numerator or reducing the error weighting in the
stopband.
Similarly, if several poles have a large radii and the zeros are well inside of
the unit circle, try increasing the order of the denominator or reducing the
error weighting in the passband.

See Also
iirlpnormc, filter, freqz, iirgrpdelay, zplane

References
Antoniou, A., Digital Filters: Analysis, Design, and Applications, Second Edition,
McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1993.

iirlp2xn

1994-2006 The MathWorks, Inc. Terms of Use Patents

iirlpnormc

Trademarks