IJSTE - International Journal of Science Technology & Engineering | Volume 2 | Issue 12 | June 2016

ISSN (online): 2349-784X

A Review on use of Nano Refrigerants in Domestic

Refrigeration System for Improvement in
Coefficient of Performance and Energy Saving
and Green Environment
Nimisha Anand
PG Student
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MANIT, BHOPAL

Dr. Manoj Arya

Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
MANIT, BHOPAL

Abstract
In this review, the reliability and performance of a domestic vapour compression refrigeration system with nanoparticles is
studied. Nanorefrigerant was prepared on the concept of the nanofluids, which was prepared by mixing nanoparticles with
refrigerant. The conventionally used refrigerant i.e. R134a has a global warming potential (GWP) of 1300 and zero ODP. An
experimental test rig is designed and fabricated indigenously in the laboratory to carry out the investigations. Nanoparticles with
lubricant oil will be in refrigeration system. The system performance with nanofluids was then experimented. The nanoparticles
concentration is an important parameter considered for heat transfer enhancement in the refrigeration system. The performance
of the system and power consumption reduction to be evaluated.
Keywords: Sio2 nanorefrigerants, coefficient of performance, energy saving, pressure ratio
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I.

INTRODUCTION

Nanofluids are a new category of advanced heat-transfer fluids engineered by dispersing nano particles smaller in diameter than
100 nanometer (nm) in conventional heat transfer fluids. Conventional heat transfer fluids have poor thermal conductivity when
compared to solids. Nanotechnology provides new area of research to process and produce materials with average crystallites
sizes below 100 nm called nanoparticles. When these nanoparticles are suspended in conventional fluids they are called
Nanofluids. Also, the surface area per unit volume of nanoparticles is much larger than that of microparticles. These
properties can be used to synthesize stable suspensions with enhanced flow, heat-transfer, and other characteristics. The first
major environmental impact that has smitten the refrigeration based mostly industries is Ozone Depletion Potential due to
human-made chemicals into the atmosphere. The next major environmental impact is Global warming potential, which is due to
the absorption of infrared emissions from the earth, causing associate degree increase in international earth surface temperature.
The refrigeration and air conditioning field in India has long history from the early years of last century. India is presently
manufacturing R134a, R22, R152a and hydro carbon based refrigeration and air acquisition units in huge quantities. The use of
CFC refrigerants in new systems was later stopped since the year 2002. The factors that dictate the adoption of a particular
refrigerant except for its suitableness for the particular application are its accessibility and price.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
[1] D.SENDIL KUMAR, R.ELANSEZHIAN (2014), performed analysis in his paper ZnO nanorefrigerant in R152a
refrigeration system for energy conservation and green environment, and concluded that the system works safely with replacing
of R152a with the conventionally used R134a.No modification in the system was required for the retrofitting process which is a
major advantage of the work. The COP increases with the increase in nano concentration of ZnO. Maximum COP of 3.56 was
obtained with 0.5%v of ZnO. The suction temperature decreases with the increase in nano concentration. The input power
decreases with increases in nano concentration. The pull-down temperature of the evaporator decreases with time. The usage
of R152a with very low GWP ensures safe and clean environment with low power consumption. The pressure ratio decreases
with the increase in nano ZnO concentration.
[2] D.SENDIL KUMAR, R.ELANSEZHIAN (2014), performed analysis in his paper Experimental Study on Al2O3-R134a
Nano Refrigerant in Refrigeration System and concluded that the COP of the system increases with increase in capillary tube
length. The Discharge pressure increases with time and reaches a maximum value and then decreases. The suction
pressure
decreases initially and then increases with time
[3] A. SENTHILKUMARA, R. PRAVEENB (2015), investigated in his paper, Performance analysis of a domestic
refrigerator using cuo r600a nano refrigerant as working fluid and concluded that CuO - R600a can work normally and

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488

A Review on use of Nano Refrigerants in Domestic Refrigeration System for Improvement in Coefficient of Performance and Energy Saving and Green
Environment
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 089)

efficiently in refrigerator and the freezing velocity of CuO - R600a was more quickly than the pure R600a system. So the
above works have demonstrated that CuO - R600a can improve the performance of the domestic refrigerator.
[4] R. S. MISHRA, RAHUL KUMAR JAISWAL (2014) performed analysis in his paper Thermal Performance Improvements
of VCRS Using Eco Friendly Based Nanorefrigerants in Primary Circuit and concluded that use of nanoparticles enhances
thermal performance of vapour compression refrigeration system from 8% to 35 % using nanorefrigerant in primary circuit. With
use of nanoparticles increase in the thermal performance of vapour compression refrigeration system from 7 to 21 % using nano
fluid in secondary circuit was observed. Maximum enhancement in the performance was observed using R134a/ Cu nanorefrigerant in primary circuit and water in secondary circuit of VCRS. Lowest enhancement in performance was observed using
R404A/TiO2 nanorefrigerant in primary circuit and water in secondary circuit of VCRS.
[5] VAISHALI P. MOHODA , NISHIKANT W. KALEB (2015) performed analysis in his paper on
Heat
Transfer
Enhancement Using Nanoparticles Suspended With Refrigerants/Lubricating Oils in Refrigeration Systems and concluded that
nano refrigerants have high thermal conductivity than traditional refrigerants. Thermal conductivity increases with increase of
nano particle volume concentration and temperature. Temperature, particle size, dispersion and stability do play an important
role in determining the thermal conductivity of nano fluid. Viscosity increases with the increase of nano particle volume
concentration and decreases with the increase of temperature. Heat transfer performance of the system increases with
increasing nano particle concentration. In some cases reported, it increases up to specific volume concentration of nano particle
and then decreases.
[6] T. COUMARESSIN AND K. PALANIRADJA (2014) analysed in his paper Performance Analysis of a Refrigeration
System Using Nano Fluid and concluded that Cuo nano particle with R134a refrigerant can be used as an excellent refrigerant
to improve the heat transfer characteristics in a refrigeration system. A successful model has been designed and
the
basic
theoretical heat transfer analysis of the refrigeration system has been done. Successful mesh has been designed for the designed
test section using GAMBIT software. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Heat Transfer analysis for the designed test
Section has been successfully performed using FLUENT software. The obtained evaporating heat transfer coefficient result
with increases with the usage of nano Cuo.
[7] RAHUL.K. JAISWAL , R.S. MISHRA (2015) investigated in his paper First Law Efficiency Improvement Of Vapour
Compression Refrigeration System Using Nano Particles Mixed With R-404a Eco friendly Refrigerant and concluded that the
use of nanorefrigerant instead of pure refrigerant in vapour compression refrigeration cycle increase the thermal performance of
nanorefrigerant enhances significantly and also the performance of refrigeration system and also nano particle suspended in pure
refrigerant enhance the thermal conductivity from 10 to 95 %, convective heat transfer coefficient from 10 to 80 % and heat
transfer enhancement factor ranges from 1.4 to 2.5. Performance enhancement of VCRS C.O.P from 3 to 15 %, Exergy
efficiency 2 to 5 % observed and exergy destruction ratio of the system reduces by adding nano particle into pure refrigerant.
[8] NILESH S. DESAI AND P.R.PATIL (2015)analysed in their paper Application of SiO2 Nanoparticles as Lubricant
Additive in VCRS: An Experimental Investigation and concluded that energy saving can be achieved from a minimum value
of 7.03% to a maximum value of 12.30% using nano lubricant compared to traditional refrigerants. KRISHNA SABAREESH et
al (2012) in his paper conducted an experimental study on the performance of a domestic refrigerator using TiO2 - R12
nanorefrigerant as working fluid They found that the freezing capacity increased and heat transfer coefficient increases and
compression work reduced and also coefficient of performance increases due to the
addition of nanoparticles in the
lubricating oil.
[9] KRISHNA SABAREESH et al (2012) in his paper conducted an experimental study on the performance of a domestic
refrigerator using TiO2 - R12 nanorefrigerant as working fluid They found that the freezing capacity increased and heat
transfer coefficient increases and compression work reduced and also coefficient of performance increases due to the addition
of nanoparticles in the lubricating oil.
[10]REJI KUMAR AND SRIDHAR (2013) conducted an experiment on the performance of a domestic refrigerator using
R600a/mineral oil/nano- Al2O3 and concluded that the freezing capacity is higher and the power consumption reduces when
POE oil is replaced by a combination of mineral oil and Aluminium oxide nanoparticles.
III. CONCLUSION
The system works safely with the replacement of R134a and No modification in the system was done for the retrofitting process
which is a major advantage of the present review. Suction Pressure decreases with increase in nanoparticles concentration.
Discharge Pressure increases with increase in nanoparticles concentration. COP of the system increases with increase in
nanoparticles concentration. Pressure Ratio decreases with increase in nanoparticles concentration Work input for Compressor
decreases with increase in nanoparticles concentration.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are using the conceptual knowledge to do some useful work for the sake of our society. And yes, it is not possible with the
help of guide Dr. Manoj Arya. I am glad to work with him.

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489

A Review on use of Nano Refrigerants in Domestic Refrigeration System for Improvement in Coefficient of Performance and Energy Saving and Green
Environment
(IJSTE/ Volume 2 / Issue 12 / 089)

REFERENCES
[1]

D. Sendil kumar, R. Elansezhian, ZnO nanorefrigerant in R152a refrigeration system for energy conservation and green environment, Higher Education
Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg (2014) 9(1) 75-80.
[2] D. Sendil kumar, R. Elansezhian, Experimental Study on Al2O3-R134a Nano Refrigerant in Refrigeration System, International Journal of Modern
Engineering Research (IJMER) (2012) volume-2, 3927-3929.
[3] A.Senthilkumara, R.Praveenb, Performance analysis of a domestic refrigerator using cuo r600a nano refrigerant as working fluid, Journal of chemical
and pharmaceutical sciences (2015 ) Issn: 0974-2115.
[4] R. S. Mishra, Rahul Kumar Jaiswal, Thermal Performance Improvements of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using Eco Friendly Based
Nanorefrigerants in Primary Circuit, International Journal of Advance Research and Innovation, Volume 3, Issue 3 (2015) 524-535 ISSN 2347 - 3258.
[5] Vaishali P. Mohoda , Nishikant W. Kaleb, A Review on Heat Transfer Enhancement Using Nanoparticles Suspended With Refrigerants/Lubricating Oils in
Refrigeration Systems, International Journal of Innovative and Emerging Research in Engineering Volume 2,(2015)
[6] T.Coumaressin and K. Palaniradja, Performance Analysis of a Refrigeration System Using Nano Fluid, International Journal of Advanced Mechanical
Engineering, ISSN 2250-3234 Volume 4, Number 4 (2014), pp. 459-470.
[7] Rahul.K. Jaiswal , R.S. Mishra, First Law Efficiency Improvement Of Vapour Compression Refrigeration System Using Nano Particles Mixed With R404a Ecofriendly Refrigerant, International Research Journal Sustainable Science & Engineering, Irjsse / Volume: 3 / Issue: 6 / July 2015, Issn: 2347-617
[8] Nilesh S. Desai and P.R.Patil, Application of SiO2 Nanoparticles as Lubricant Additive in VCRS: An Experimental Investigation, Asian Review of
Mechanical Engineering ISSN: 2249 - 6289 Vol. 4 No. 1, 2015, pp. 1-6.
[9] R. Krishna Sabareesh Application of TiO2 nanoparticles as a lubricant-additive for vapour compression refrigeration systems -An experimental
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[10] Reji kumar.R and Sridhar.K, (Apr 2013) Heat transfer enhancement in domestic refrigerator using nanorefrigerant as working fluid, Int. J. Comp.Eng. Res.,
3(4).

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