Surabaya's Waste Reduction through Composting

JICATrainingonCompostingManagement
WasteReductionthrough
Composting:
ApplicationofSurabayasModel
29July2013
ToshizoMaeda,IGESKitakyushuUrbanCentre
JOCVpretrainingoncompostinginKitakyushu
AcaseofSurabaya,Indonesia
http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/middle_east_and_asia/indonesia_pol_2002.pdf
Figure1LocationofSurabayaCityandreplicationofSurabayaspracticesinothercities
Tarakan
Population:3million
2nd largestinIndonesia
Maincitieswhere
Surabayascomposting
practiceswerereplicated
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
SurabayaCity
Environmentalcooperationwith
KitakyushuCitysince2001
Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society
http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
Background
Statusin2001
(PhotocourtesyofPKKSurabaya)
Social and Economic Benefits of Organic

Waste Composting:
Actions for 10% waste reduction
NewBenowoLandfill:800scavengers;35kmfromcitycentre;
Surroundedbyfishponds;demandforwastereductionishigh
CurrentStatus
KeputihFinaldisposalsitewas
closedin2001dueto
oppositionbyresidents.Waste
filledthestreetsanddrains.
Waste Composition in Surabaya

Organic waste shares more
than half (as much as 7080%) of total amount of waste
generation
Others
8%
Plastic
8%
Paper
Street
sweeping
Social and Economic Benefits of Organic

Prioritize reduction of
Waste Composting:
8%
organic waste
Actions for 10% waste reduction
55%
13%
Organic
10%
Promote composting
A) at each household
B) at composting centres
Woods/bamboo
Source:KITA(2002)
Inputsbythecity
*MapcopiedfromElSena,Surabaya,Indonesia
Figure7LocationofcompostingcentresinSurabaya
15compostingcentres
inSurabayaCity
CompostingCentre
SumberRejo
Romokalisari
(Benowo)
BibisKarah
Kepturan
Wonorejo
Sonokwijenan
KejawanPutih
Menur
PutatJaya
Bratang
Tenggilis Utara
RungkutAsri
TenggilisTimur
PUSDAKOTA
Gayungsari
(Datasource:CleansingandLandscapingDept.,Surabaya)
Inputsbythecity
40
25,000
Totalnumberofhousehold
compostbasketsdistributed
forfreebySurabayaCity
35
30
17,033
20,000
14,752
15,000
10,174
10,000
25
4,921
5,000
2,603
20
Numberof
compostingcentres
15
15
15
13
-5,000
11
10
5
0
-10,000
-15,000
-20,000
19962004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
OUTPUT:WASTEREDUCTION
*Note:BenowoistheonlyfinaldisposalsiteinSurabayaCity.
(Datasource:CleansingandLandscapingDepartment,Surabaya)
AveragedailyamountofwastedisposedatBenowoLandfill*inSurabaya,20042009
[t/day]
1,600
1,500t/day
ormore
1,300t/day(2007)
1,150t/day(2008)
1,400
1,000t/day(2009)
1,200
1,000
800
20% reduction in 4 years!
600
400
30% reduction in 5 years!!
200
2004
2005
2006
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
2007
2008
2009
Output:wastereduction
500t/d
1tonne ofcompostingreduces
additional12tonnes ofdrywaste.
Reuse andRecyclingofotherdrywaste
350t/d
350t/d
200t/d 235t/d
120t/d
40t/d
40t/d
2007
70t/d
45t/d
2008
(Datasource:CleansingandLandscapingDepartment,Surabaya))
100t/d
50t/d
2009
Composting ateachhousehold:
17,000unitsdistributedforfreebySurabayaCity
27,000cadrestrain3householdeach(=81,000hhs)(assumption)
1,300unitsofacommunaltypedistributedbySurabayaCity,
whichcatersforabout5householdseach(=6,500households)
100,000householdsx1kg/day/household 100t/day
Composting at15compostingcentres:
CleansingDepartment:14compostingcentres,50t/d(=100m3/d)
PUSDAKOTA(NGO):1compostingcentre,1.4t/d
100t/dreductionbyhouseholdcomposting,
50t/dreductionatcompostingcentres,
Compostingcapacity:150t/day
Remaining120t/d (2007) 350t/d (2009)

reductionbyReuse andRecycling.
Socialandenvironmentalbenefits
Betterhousehold
environment
Greenerand
cleanerstreets
Environmental
educationtools
Socialandenvironmentalbenefits
Employment
Productionofherbsandvegetablesusingcompost
Wastesegregationandpromotionofrecycling
Incomeby
sellingcompost
10
Cited from Surabaya Citys presentation

11
Cited from
Surabaya Citys presentation
12
Main Stakeholders
Photo source:
http://korannusantara.com/tri-rismaharini-masuk-nominasi-walikota-terbaik-se-dunia/
13
Surabayassuccessfulsolidwastemanagementmodel
Step1.
Developmentofamodelcommunity,
from2004to2006:
CooperationbetweenKitakyushu
InternationalTechnocooperativeAgency
(KITA)andPusdakota(alocalNGO),
14
Startingamodelproject
Wastecompositionsurvey
Temperaturemeasurement
(photocourtesyofKITA)
Mixingwithseedcompost
Shreddingofwaste
FermentationandpHtests
Explaininghowtousebaskets
toresidents
15
Developmentofamodelcommunity(Pusdakota(NGO)sactivity)
Segregatedwastecollection
fromthecommunity
Householdcompostbasket
Shreddingatthecompostingcentre
Sellingcompost
Fermentation
Greenstreetsusingcompost
16
AchievementsbyKITAsintervention
(photocourtesyofKITA)
PUSDAKOTAscompostcentre:beforeandafterKITAsintervention
17
Step2.
Scalingupthemodelproject
bytheCityGovernment,
from2005 2011:
Settingupcompostingcentres
Distributingcompostbasketstoresidents
18
CompostinganditspositiveimpactsinSurabaya
(PhotoscitedfromSparkingParksinSurabaya,CleansingDepartment,SurabayaCity,2008)
Parksbecamegreenerusingcompost
BratangCompostingCentre
Streetsbecamegreenerusingcompost
SonokwijenanCompostingCentre
KeputranCompostingCentre
19
ActivitiesofPKK(awomensgroup)andEnvironmentalCadres
Wastesegregationtraining
MeetingofEnvironmentalCadres
Explaininghowtouse
compostbaskets
Manufacturingbagsfromwaste
ActivitiesofEnvironmentalCadres
EnvironmentalEvent
(PhotocourtesyofPKKSurabaya(toprow)andEnvironmentalCadreofTegalsari,Surabaya(bottomrow)
20
Step3.
Organisngacommunitycleanupcampaign,
from2005 2011:
CooperationwithNGOs,privatecompanies
andthemedia
Successfulinvolvementofcitizensinthe
wastemanagementactivities
21
CommunityandPrivateSectorInvolvement
Greenstreets
Campaignsponsors
(PhotocourtesyofUliPeduli)
Awardwinningcommunity
Productsmadefromwaste
Entrancetoacommunity
Awardwinninghousewivesgroup
22
CommunityEnvironmentalLeaders(Cadres)
8,000
7,000
26,744 27,000
Numberof
Environmental
Cadres
5,684
317
1,500
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
30,000
Thereare27,000environmental
Cadres(community
20,000
environmentalleaders)
inSurabayaCity
10,000
23,195
6,000
5,000
Source:SurabayaCity
NumberofRTsin
Green&Clean
Campaign
2,774
1,942
1,797
(10,000)
(20,000)
325
283
355
0
2005
2006
Morethan20%ofcommunities
(RT)participateintheGreen
&CleanCampaign
2007
2008
2009
2010
NumberofEnvironmentalCadresand
(30,000)
participatingcommunitiesinGreen&
CleanCampaign
23
EfficientCompostingMethod
Highproductivity(within2weeks)
Usingonlylocalmaterials
Nooffensivesmell,noleachate
Fast,cheapandgoodquality!
24
COMPOSTINGMETHODS
Features:
1.Fast andlessspacerequirement
2.Nofoulsmell(notrotting)
Figure8OperationalflowofTakakuraCompostingMethod
(PreparedbyMaeda(2009)withtechnicalsupervisionbyKoujiTakakura,JPecCo.,Ltd.)
3.Lowcost,lowtechandeasyoperation
4.Usingonlylocalmaterials
5.Activemicroorganismincompostenrichesthesoil
25
CompostingOptions
Organicwaste
fromhouseholds
Locationof
composting
Composting
methods
Household
compostbaskets
TakakuraHome
Method(THM)
(17,000basketsdistributed)
Community
compostingcentre
TakakuraSusun
Method(TSM)*
NewWindrow
Method
(PUSDAKOTAscase)
Organicwaste
fromvegetable
markets
Marketwaste
compostingcentre
NewWindrow
Method
(14centresunder
CleansingDept)
TypesofcompostingoptionsinSurabaya
26
FinancialAnalysisofCompostingPractices
Iscompostingfinanciallysustainable?
27
Costsofcompostingpromotion
ExpenditureofCleansingDepartmentSurabaya,20062008
[Rp.million]
Promotionofcompostingandwastesegregation
(only12%ofthetotalsolidwastemanagement
expenditures)
180,000
160,000
Landprocurementforanewlandfillsite
Managementoffinaldisposalsite
Procurementandmaintenanceofwaste
managementequipmentandfacilities
140,000
120,000
100,000
Annualsolidwastemanagementcosts:
USD10million peryear
80,000
60,000
Wastecollectionandtransportation
40,000
Parkmanagement
20,000
Administrativeexpenses
2006
2007
2008
Figure 5 Annual expenditures of Cleansing and Landscaping Department, Surabaya, 20062008

(Data source: City Development Planning Department (BAPPEKO)Cleansing and Landscaping Department,
Surabaya; prepared by Maeda (2009))
28
Howmuchisthesolidwastemanagementcostpertonne?
WastemanagementcostinSurabaya:
(collectionandlandfillmanagement)
USD10million/year(2007)
Dividedby1,300t/dayx365days:
USD21/t
Landfillconstructioncost(27ha):
USD6.5million
Dividedby1,500t/dx365daysx5yrs
&1,300t/dx365daysx2yrs
USD2/t(notincludingcoversoil)
Wastemanagementcost:
USD23/t ormore
29
Isoperationofacompostingcentrefinanciallysustainable?
PUSDAKOTA(NGO)scompostingcentre:
1.4t/daycollection 40t/monthcollection
10t/monthofcompostproduction
Salesofcompost:10t/month@USD100/t
IncomeUSD1,000/month
Expenditure:USD650/month
(incl.laborandutilitycosts)
Profit:USD350/month=USD4,200/year
Canpurchaseanewshredder!!
(Ifallthecompostissold)
Plus,costsavedfromwastereduction(40t/month)
Hiddenprofit:40t/monthxUSD23/t=USD900/month=USD11,000/year
Citygovernmentmaythinkaboutgivingasubsidyforbuildingacompostingcentre.
30
Howmuchdidthecitysavebyreducingwaste?
14compostingcentres inSurabayaCity:
Composting50t/day =1,500t/month
Compostproduction:300t/month (20%ofinput)
Replacingthepurchaseofsoilconditioners
300t/mxUSD20/t=USD6,000/month
Compostingcentre
PLUS,costsavedfromwastereduction:
1,500t/monthxUSD23/t
=USD34,000/month
Profit:USD40,000/month
=USD48,000/year
Soilconditioners
31
Howmuchspaceisrequiredforacompostingcentre?
Area[m2]
700
Necessaryspaceforacompostingcentre(incl.theofficespace):
1t/day(30t/m)ofwasteinput:100m2 Compostproduction:6t/m
(Income:USD600/month)
3t/day (90t/m)ofwasteinput:200m2 18t/m (USD1,800/m)
5t/day (150t/m)ofwasteinput:300m2 30t/m (USD3,000/m)
600
CompostingCentreis
operationalinasmallspace!
500
400
300
Fig.Areaofcompostingcentresand
Amountofprocessedorganicwaste
inSurabaya
200
100
0
0
3
4
5
Organicwasteinput[t/day]
7
Source:CleansingandLandscapingDepartmentSurabaya
32
Doesfreedistributionofcompostbasketsmakebusinesssense?
DistributionofhouseholdcompostbasketsinSurabaya:
17,000unitsdistributedforfreebythecityin5years
Distributioncost:USD10/basketx17,000=USD170,000
Campaigncost:USD10/basketx17,000=USD170,000
Totalcost:USD340,000
Benefit:
Wastereduction:17t/day (=17,000householdsx1kg/day/household)
Costsavedfromwastereduction:17t/dx365daysxUSD23/t
=USD140,000/year
Costrecoveryin2.5years!
Enlargedbenefit:
Costrecoveryin1year!!
Wastereduction:40t/day(2007)
Costsavedfromwastereduction:40t/dx365daysxUSD23/t
=USD330,000/year
33
Whypeoplepracticecompostingathome?
Householdfinancialanalysis:
Organicwaste:1kg/day/household
30kg/month
Compost:6kg/month (20%ofinput)
Purchasingprice:USD0.07/kg (=USD70/t)
Income:USD0.42/month
Purchasedby
Pusdakota
Notenougheconomicincentive.
(NGO)
Maindrivingforcesare:
improvementofkitchenenvironment&
selfuseofcompostforplantsandgardens
Dropping out rate is High!
(only 20% continue practicing)
Need a monitoring system (= Community environmental leaders)
34
EstimatedGHG emissionsavoidedatlandfills
[t/year]
Potential:10,000tCO2/yearreduction
@USD10/tCO2 USD100,000/year
35,000
Chances for
Carbon Credit
Reductionoforganic
wastegenerationthrough
composting:
80t/day (=60t/dayof
foodwasteand20t/day
ofparkandgarden
waste)
30,000
25,000
20,000
15,000
TotalCO2 emissions
avoidedatthefinal
disposalsiteandthe
futureprojection
10,000
5,000
0
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Figure6ReductionsoforganicwastegenerationandconsequentgreenhousegasemissionsinSurabaya(PreparedbyMaeda(2009),basedonthe
firstorderdecaymodelfromTooltodeterminemethaneemissionsavoidedfromdisposalofwasteatasolidwastedisposalsite(version04),CDM
ExecutiveBoard,UNFCCC)
35
Recommendationsforothercities
toachieve1020%wastereduction
in3years
36
e.g.Actionsfor1020%reductioninwastegeneration
1020%reductiontarget
InputsinSurabaya:
Wastegeneration:1,500t/day 1,300t/day
CompostingCentres:processing40t/day (=23%oftotalwaste)
Population:3million(=600,000households)
Householdcompostbaskets:17,000units(=23%ofhouseholds)
InputsinSibu,Malaysia(proposal):
Wastegeneration:130t/day 110t/day(15%reduction)
CompostingCentres:process5t/day (=4%oftotalwaste)
Population:200,000(=40,000households)
Compostbaskets:1,000households(=2.5%ofhouseholds)
37
e.g.PossibleactionsinSibu,Malaysia
Target20t/dayreduction
130t/day 110t/day
(5t/daybycomposting&
15t/daybyrecycling)
1. Marketwastecompostingcentres
Process2t/day(=producing0.4t/day)
2. Compostingcentresincommunitiesandschools
Process0.5t/day@4sites 2t/day
3. Distributionofcompostbasketstoresidents
1,000households(2.5%ofthetotalhouseholds) 1t/day
4. Organisingacommunitycleanupcampaign
Involveprivatecompanies,localnewspapersandTVprogrammes
5. Compostpurchasingscheme
Citystartspurchasingthecompostforparkmaintenance
Freedistributiontofarmers;marketingofcompost
6. TechnicalassistancebyKitakyushuCity,KITA,IGESandJICA
38
Strategyfor1020%WasteReductionin3years
1. MayorsCommitment:Declarethetarget!
2. DevelopanActionPlan
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Institutionalsetup Manager,responsibledepartment/staff
Identificationofpilotprojects compostingcentres,communities
Securethebudget [***$]
Installaweighbridge
Procurementoffacilities,equipmentandtools
atlandfills
Trainingofstaff
Data management:Amountofdailysolidwaste[***t/day]
CalculationofSWMcost:collection,transport,landfill[***$/t]
OperationofCompostingCentres
Distributionofcompostingbasketstohouseholds
Organiseacommunityclean&greencampaign
Collaboratewiththemedia,privatecompanies,NGOs
39
Strategy to Reduce 10-20% Waste in 3 years

<Inputs>
ProjectManagementinEachStep
<Processing>
<Outputs>
Replacetheuseof
chemicalfertiliser
Setupanewfacility
Procureashreddingmachine
Stafftraining
Foodindustries
Cityparks
Vegetablemarkets
Greenery
CompostingCentre
Restaurants
Freedistributionfirst
DailyO&M(utilityfees)
Qualitycontrol
Retailstores
Separateorganicwastecollection Supplyof
compost
CompostBasket
households
Farmers
Sellingcompost,marketing
Gardens
WasteBank
Distributionofbaskets,
Recyclables
training,monitoring,
Paper,metal,glass,cloth,PET troubleshooting
bottle,plasticsewaste
Sellingplantsand
vegetables
Source:KitakyushuCity
41
Source:KitakyushuCity 42
43
SolidWasteManagementinKitakyushuCity
Achieved 27% waste reduction and
extended lifetime of the landfill site
Saved waste management

cost by 10%
Enforcement of
pricing bags (1998)
Raising the bag price
(2006)
Aerial View of Kemunyan Sanitary Landfill, Sibu
48
Source:SibuMunicipalCouncil
49
Datasource:SibuMunicipalCouncil
KEMUNYAN SANITARYLANDFILL,SIBU
FirstsanitarylandfillinSarawak
Coversoil,onlyforthe1stcell
Aerationchamber?
50
Leachatetreatment
Regulation:BOD<50ppm
24hrpumping
51
Compacting
Collectionofrecyclables
Plastics
Metals
52
Composting In Schools
Source:SibuMunicipalCouncil
ResultsinSibu,Malaysia
Total amount of solid waste
is not decreasing
Populationisincreasing
Economyisgrowing
Moreconsumption,morewaste
Thescaleofcompostingpractices
maynotbelargeenough
Itrequiresasystematic
andcitywide
approachtoachieve
totalwastereduction.
Commitmentbythe
Mayor(leader)and
responsibleofficersisa
prerequisite.
54
Spreading Surabayas model in other cities and countries

PHILIPPINES
INDONESIA
Surabaya
Talisay
Bago
Cebu
Semarang
Medan
Makassar
Palembang
CentralJakarta
Balikpapan
Tarakan
NEPAL
Lalitpur
Puerto
Princesa
Cavite
THAILAND
MALAYSIA
Sibu
Bangkok
SriLacha
KualaLumpur
Sankamphaeng
55
ImplementationinBago,Philippines
Compostingtraining
Compostingworkshop
Distributionofcompostboxesandpotsfor
householduse
Workshop in Bago
inAsian
May
2009
Kitakyushu
Center
for Low Carbon Society
56
CopiedfromBagotoTalisay,Philippines
Hon.MayorofTalisay
Composting Workshop in
December, 2008 in Talisay
Day 1
Day 11
57
CopiedfromBagotoTernate,Cavite,Philippines
A composting centre build by an NGO

in Ternate, Cavite
P i i
Participants
iin a workk shop
h in
i Ternate,
T
Cavite
58
CopiedfromBagotoCebu,Philippines
Dump site is full
2,000 baskets were

distributed
by Pagtambayayong
(NGO)
A small vegetable garden next to a make-shift

hose using compost
made from kitchen
waste
59
ApplicationinBangkok,Thailand
Acompostingkitfor
householduse
Distributionofhousehold
compostbaskets
Composting
training
workshopin
Bangkok
Workshop in Bangkok
2009
IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp in March
Kitakyushu
Asian Center for Low Carbon Society
60
CopiedfromBangkoktoLalitpur,Nepal
Communityworkshop
Preparingseedcompost
Distributingcompostbaskets
Compostbasketusers
61
Replicationin5citiesinIndonesia
CentralJakartaCity
MakassarCity
IncooperationwithJICA
IndonesiaOfficeandUNESCAP
PalembangCity
TarakanCity
Balikpapan
City
62
Developmentofa
NationalOrganicWaste
ManagementStrategy
withNationalDevelopmentPlanningAgency(Bappenas),
MinistryofEnvironment(KLH),MinistryofPublicWorks
Kitakyushu(PU),MinistryofAgriculture,MinistryofSMEs
Asian Center for Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
CopiedfromBangkoktoSibu andKualaLumpur,Malaysia
CompostingtrainingworkshopinSibu
PhotoscourtesyofSibuMunicipalCouncil
PhotoscourtesyofSibuMunicipalCouncil
CompostingtrainingworkshopinKualaLumpur
63
Workshop in Sibu
Development of a National Organic withMin.ofHousingandLocal
Govts (Malaysia)andMOEJ
and KL in Dec.
Management
IGES2009
| http://www.iges.or.jpWaste
Kitakyushu
Asian Center forStrategy
Low Carbon Society http://www.asiangreencamp.net/
Model1:ReplicationbyNGOs
Roles of inter-mediators are essential for
replicating/scaling up good practices.
Intermediator
NGO
Community
group
NGO
NGO
Community
group
Pusdakota(Surabaya)
PagtambayayongFoundation
(Cebu)
NGO
Cityboundary
NGOsfacilitatereplication ofgoodpracticestootherNGOsand
communitygroupswithinandoutsidethecity.
But,theyhavedifficultiesinmobilizingresourcesfromlocal
governments.
64
Model2:ScalingUpbyLocalGovernments
Intermediator
Pusdakota
(NGO)s
composting
Pusdakota
centre
SurabayaCity
Government
Composting
centre
Composting
centre
Composting
centre
Composting
centre
Cityboundary
LocalgovernmentscanscaleupNGOsgoodpracticeswithin
thecity.(Itusuallydoesnotgobeyondthecityboundary.)
65
Model3:ScalingUpbyLocalGovernmentsandNGOs
Surabaya
City
Government
Financialand
politicalsupports
Useof
PKK
Pusdakota
compost
(womens
basketsat
group)
households
andother
NGOs
Acommunitywhere
Pustakotaislocated
Privatecompanies
andthemedia
Community
group
Supportforthe
communitycleanup
campaign
Community
group
Community
environment
leaders
Intermediator
Community
group
Community
group
Cityboundary
LocalgovernmentscanassistNGOs/communitygroupsin
scalingupgoodpracticestootherNGOs/communitygroups
withinthecity.
66
Model4:ReplicationfromCitytoCity
Indonesia
Financialsupports
UNESCAP
Sankamphhaeng
JICAsGrassrootsGrant
CLAIR*
JapanFundforGlobal
Environmental
JICAIndonesiaOffice
Thailand
Bangkok
JICAMalaysiaOffice
Surabayas
solid
waste
model
Composting
practices
Kitakyushu
City
Semarang
Pusdakota
KITA
Kitakyushu
Initiative
(IGES)
Medan
Makassar
Palembang
JICANepalOffice
Nepal
Malaysia
Sibu
Kuala
Lumpur
CentralJakarta
Balikpapan
Intermediators
SriLacha
Tarakan
APFED**
Bago
Lalitpur
Philippines
Cebu
Talisay
Cavite
Puerto
Princesa
Externalorganizationscanfacilitatereplication
ofgoodpracticesfromcitiestocities. * CLAIR: Council of Local Authorities for International Relations
** APFED: Asia Pacific Forum for Environment and Development
67

Surabaya's Waste Reduction through Composting

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Surabaya's Waste Reduction through Composting

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JICATrainingonCompostingManagement

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Social and Economic Benefits of Organic

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Waste Composition in Surabaya

Social and Economic Benefits of Organic

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

20% reduction in 4 years!

30% reduction in 5 years!!

Remaining120t/d (2007) 350t/d (2009)

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Cited from Surabaya Citys presentation

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Figure 5 Annual expenditures of Cleansing and Landscaping Department, Surabaya, 20062008

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Strategy to Reduce 10-20% Waste in 3 years

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Saved waste management

Aerial View of Kemunyan Sanitary Landfill, Sibu

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society

Spreading Surabayas model in other cities and countries

Kitakyushu Asian Center for Low Carbon Society